swim bladder inflation

The expansion of the swim bladder by trapped gases. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


cellular response to sulfur dioxide

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


propionate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate, the anion derived from propionic (propanoic) acid, a carboxylic acid important in the energy metabolism of ruminants.


GMP catabolic process to guanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including guanine.


negative regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.


1-methylguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-methylguanosine.


regulation of response to propan-1-ol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


ABC-type L-arabinose transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-arabinose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + L-arabinose(in).


regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.


3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


lactosylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.


oxalate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + O2 + oxalate = 2 CO2 + H2O2.


dimethylsulfoxide oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfoxide + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> sulfonyldimethane + H2O + NADP.


heme C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme C, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.


cellular response to carbendazim

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.


response to growth hormone-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulus. Growth hormone-releasing hormone regulates the release of growth hormone, as well as some pancreatic proteins, and possibly other proteins.


sensory organ precursor cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.


steviolbioside glucosyltransferase activity (stevioside forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: steviolbioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = stevioside + UDP + H+.


regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.


endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via fibronectin.


sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction

The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction.


negative regulation of oogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.


glial cell activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a glial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


methyl ethyl ketone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in making plastics, textiles and paints.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydrostreptomycin 6-phosphate = ADP + dihydrostreptomycin 3'alpha,6-bisphosphate + 2 H+.


negative regulation of leaf senescence

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.


response to plumbagin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + succinyl-CoA = O-succinyl-L-homoserine + CoA.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production

The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


iprodione amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iprodione + OH- = 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide + N-isopropylcarbamate.


pedicel mucilage metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the flower stem.


visually-mediated background adaptation

Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by melanopsin-expressing eye cells.


negative regulation of tissue remodeling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.


regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: syringetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ergosterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + ergosterol = CoA + ergosterol ester.


luteolin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.


regulation of vegetative meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a vegetative meristem.


gut granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gut granule.


neuroblast division in pallium

The division of neuroblasts in the pallium. Neuroblasts are precursor cells that give rise to neurons.


specification of mesonephric connecting tubule identity

The process in which the connecting tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.


polynucleotide 5' dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 5' end of a polynucleotide.


glyphosate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide also known by the trade name Roundup. It is a member of a broad class of compounds known as phosphonic acids, which contain a direct carbon-to-phosphorus (C-P) bond.


chemoattraction involved in precerebellar neuron migration

The creation and reception of signals that guide a precerebellar neuron towards their signals, where this process is involved in tangential migration.


regulation of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation.


hopanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.


o-succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + ATP + CoA = 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


(1->4)-beta-D-galactan binding

Binding to (1->4)-beta-D-galactan.


dihydrofolate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydropterate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + dihydrofolate.


perturbation by symbiont of host cytoskeleton

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular response to singlet oxygen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.


pulmonary artery endothelial tube morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from the pulmonary artery endothelium. An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.


positive regulation of platelet rolling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling.


positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine-epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine or epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


homocysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homocysteine, 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.


amphisome-lysosome fusion

The process in which amphisomes fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the amphisome.


protein processing in phagocytic vesicle

Protein processing that takes place in the phagosome. Most protein processing in the phagosome represents protein degradation.


Catalyzes the reaction: (1'S,5'S)-hydroxyaverantin + NAD+ <=> 5'-oxoaverantin + NADH.


laminaribiose binding

Binding to laminaribiose, a disaccharide.


regulation of helicase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of helicase activity.


vulval cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.


positive regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


negative regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


GPCR bitter taste receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of bitter taste.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = 4,4'-diapolycopene + 3 FADH2. This reaction consists of three successive dehydrogenations that lead to the introduction of three double bonds into 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene), with 4,4'-diapophytofluene and 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene as intermediates, and 4,4'-diaponeurosporene (the major deep-yellow pigment in staphylococci strains) as the end product.


stomatal closure

The process of closing of stomata, pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange.


alpha-agarase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages in agarose, yielding agarotetraose as the major product.


glucosamine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uridine(out) + H+(out) = uridine(in) + H+(in).


glucosinolate biosynthetic process from homomethionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including homomethionine.


cotranscriptional mitochondrial rRNA nucleotide insertion

The insertion of one or two non-coded nucleotides during the transcription of a mitochondrial rRNA. Such additions are known to occur in myxomycetes such as Physarum, Didymium, and Stemonitis.


dehydroaustinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dehydroaustinol.


positive regulation of heart rate by circulating norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


diguanylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP = cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + 2 diphosphate + 2 H+.


microgametophyte vegetative cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microgametophyte. The microgametophyte vegetative cell gives rise to the pollen tube.


protein demannosylation

The removal of one or more mannose residues from a mannosylated protein.


positive regulation of lung blood pressure

The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the lungs.


histone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a histone protein by individual cells.


orcinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.


regulation of timing of exogen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.


entry into reproductive diapause

The dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


serotonin production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of serotonin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


2,5-dihydroxypyridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.


regulation of (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


forward locomotion

Anterior movement of an organism, following the direction of the head of the animal.


afferent axon development in lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in any lateral line nerve.


'de novo' GMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) through an inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) intermediate.


negative regulation of epidermis development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.


peptidyl-arginine modification

The modification of peptidyl-arginine.


structural constituent of chitin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a chitin-based cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


chlorophyll cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and several chlorophyllide intermediates.


lung basal cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature basal cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. A basal cell is an epithelial stem cell.


minus-end specific microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the minus end of a microtubule.


decarboxylation-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by decarboxylation of a cytoplasmic substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


sulfuretin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butein 4'-beta-D-glucoside + O2 + 2 H+ = sulfuretin 6-glucoside + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + H+ = phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + CO2.


aromatic amino acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: aromatic amino acid(out) + H+(out) = aromatic amino acid(in) + H+(in).


regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


ATP-dependent activity

A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient.


interleukin-23 production

The appearance of interleukin-23 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the widest part of the pylorus that is continuous with the body of the stomach.


regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


(S)-norcoclaurine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol + 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde = (S)-norcoclaurine + H2O.


saponin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.


aspyridone B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspyridone B.


Binding to 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate.


response to prostaglandin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.


carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on polysaccharides

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by the elimination of an alcohol from a polysaccharide.


provirus excision

The molecular events that lead to the excision of a viral genome from the host genome.


specification of mesonephric proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.


Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-D-glucuronic acid to N-acetyllactosamine (galactosyl beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine).


positive regulation of aeciospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.


callus formation

The process by which a callus is formed at a wound site. A plant callus is a portion of plant tissue that consists of mass of undifferentiated plant cells. It consists primarily of parenchyma cells but possibly contains other cell types as the callus begins to differentiate.


regulation of oogonium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.


positive regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.


response to acetylsalicylate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aspirin (acetylsalicylate) stimulus. Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with moA cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.


microtubule anchoring at cell cortex of cell tip

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location at the cell tip by attachment to the cell cortex.


regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-3B = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin 4.


negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis.


pyrene 1,2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-1,2-oxide + H2O.


positive regulation of vulval development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


sensory perception of gravity

The series of events required for an organism to receive a gravitational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + thiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA = 5-hydroxythiophene-2-carbonyl-CoA + A + H2O + H+.


cellular response to dodecane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dodecane stimulus.


viral DNA genome packaging, 3' extended cos packaging

The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites to produce 3' protruding ends.


detection of reduced oxygen by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


acid-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylate + CoA + GTP = acyl-CoA + GDP + H+ + phosphate.


cellular response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


peroxisomal membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the membranes of cargo-carrying vesicles formed during peroxisome degradation.


early neuron differentiation in forebrain

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of neurons. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


erythritol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + erythritol = D-erythritol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


biuret amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: biuret + H2O = urea + CO2 + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-arabinose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-D-arabinoside.


protein-lipid complex binding

Binding to a protein-lipid complex, any macromolecular complex that contains both protein and lipid molecules.


positive regulation of endocardial cushion cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion cell differentiation.


negative regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.


S-glycoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.


response to spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.


positive regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.


negative regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.


regulation of plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis. Plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis is a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.


regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme.


glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-dicarbonate + H+ = CO2 + L-lactate.


positive regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-sandaracopimaradien-3-beta-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> oryzalexin E + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


negative regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.


d-4,5 unsaturated beta-glucuronyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in an unsaturated saccharide between the unsaturated glucuronyl residue at the nonreducing terminus and the saccharide linked to the residue.


amphid sensory organ development

The progression of the amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphid sensory organs are the sensory organs of nematodes.


myeloid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an immature myeloid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature myeloid dendritic cell as part of an immune response.


SA node cell-atrial cardiac muscle cell adhesion involved in cell communication

The attachment of SA node cardiomyocyte to an atrial cardiomyocyte via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.


adhesion of symbiont to host via host extracellular matrix

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a component of the host extracellular matrix. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


AUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUG codon.


thyroid-hormone transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine = 3,5,3'-triiodothyropyruvate + L-glutamate.


nitroalkane oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde or ketone + nitrite + H2O2.


metacyclogenesis

The morphological, biochemical and genetic changes that induce the differentiation of non-pathogenic parasites into pathogenic metacyclic parasites in the Trypanosomatidae species. The pathogenic parasites are known as metacyclic trypomastigotes in Trypanosoma and metacyclic promastigotes in Leishmania.


3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-decaprenylbenzoic acid -> 2-methoxy-6-decaprenylphenol + CO2.


2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA 2-C-propanoyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + CoASH = pivalyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.


cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.


ajmaline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajmaline.


hercynylselenocysteine synthase

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-selenocysteine + 2 hercynine + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 hercynylselenocysteine.


regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.


Wnt receptor recycling

The process that results in the return of a Wnt receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a Wnt signal. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


trigeminal nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


cellular organohalogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organohalogen compounds, as carried out by individual cells.


acrylonitrile metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.


6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process to 3-sulfopropanediol(1-)

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfopropanediol(1-).


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + UDP.


regulation of cell wall pectin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall pectin metabolic process.


serotonin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyldiphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol.


ascus development

The process that leads to the development of ascus, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.


regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the basilar pons

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral peduncle through the basilar pons in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-galactose + alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + beta-L-galactose-1-phosphate.


positive regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


polyterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.


procambium histogenesis

The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue.


alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate C-P-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-phosphate = alpha-D-ribose 1,2-cyclic phosphate 5-phosphate + methane.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-galactitol phosphotransferase system transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + galactitol(out) = protein histidine + galactitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


histone modifying activity

A catalytic activity that acts on a histone protein. Reversible histone modifications contribute to regulation of gene expression.


monensin A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monensin A.


nutrient reservoir activity

Functions in the storage of nutritious substrates.


regulation of vasoconstriction by epinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


tyrosine N-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tyrosine + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N-hydroxytyrosine + NADP+ + H2O.


menthol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol.


siroheme biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.


viral DNA genome packaging

The packing of viral DNA into a capsid.


monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production

The appearance of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to iron ion starvation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-hydroxymethyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-cholest-24-en-3beta-ol + NADH(2-) + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-formyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-cholest-24-en-3beta-ol + NAD(1-) + 2 H2O.


chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via phytyl diphosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a, via the intermediate phytyl diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O = 2-aminoadipate + NADH + H+. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.


response to bronchodilator

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bronchodilator stimulus. A bronchodilator is a chemical that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.


axon ensheathment in central nervous system

The process in which a glial cell membrane closes around an axon in the central nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.


sperm motility

Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell.


colneleate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9(S)-HPODE <=> colneleate + H2O.


positive regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.


geranyl-diphosphate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (2S)-bornyl diphosphate.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a protein.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.


dehydroscoulerine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + O2 = dehydroscoulerine + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


modulation by symbiont of host response to abiotic stimulus

Any process in which an organism modulates a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


pectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.


regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.


regulation of neurotransmitter transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


leukocyte chemotaxis involved in immune response

The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus a part of an immune response.


glycol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA guanine + 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine = tRNA 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + guanine.


response to gemcitabine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gemcitabine stimulus. Gemcitabine is a 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position, and is used as a drug in the treatment of various carcinomas.


lactone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactone.


NADH peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O2 + NADH + H+ = 2 H2O + NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptyl-4-quinolone + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone + NAD + H2O.


fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls.


modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of immature T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5 H+ + NADH + a menaquinone <=> 4 H+ + NAD + a menaquinol.


labial disc development

Progression of the labial imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including parts of the proboscis.


cocaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.


formation of arbuscule for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of an arbuscule, a fine, tree-like hyphal symbiont structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


viral genome packaging

The encapsulation of the viral genome within the capsid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-ketopimelate = succinate semialdehyde + pyruvate.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to an increase in the frequency, or rate of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


8-oxoguanine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine + H2O <=> 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione + ammonium.


gluconate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


Kdo2-lipid A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.


compound eye cone cell fate commitment

The process in which the cone cells of the compound eye, the lens-secreting cells in the ommatidia, adopt pathways of differentiation that lead to the establishment of their distinct cell type.


regulation of root meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a root meristem.


crystal cell differentiation

The process in which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of a crystal cell, a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.


Catalysis of the reaction: 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydromacarpine + H+.


vasodilation in another organism

A process by which an organism causes vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in another organism.


acetaldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.


all-trans undecaprenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + undecaprenol + all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + ADP + H+.


arabitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


skeletal muscle satellite cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a skeletal muscle satellite cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


regulation of response to furfural

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to furfural.


inositol heptakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 5,6-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,4)tetrakisphosphate.


butanal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanal + CoA + NAD(P)+ = butanoyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+.


alditol phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditol phosphates, any phosphorylated polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + isoquinoline = AH(2) + isoquinolin-1(2H)-one.


intracellular polyamine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of polyamine within a cell.


rhamnose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


proton motive force-driven motor activity

A motor activity driven by an electrochemical proton gradient (proton-motive force). PMF-driven motors are used by bacterial flagella.


sleep homeostasis

A homeostatic process in which the drive for sleep increases sleep propensity with prolonged wakefulness.


maintenance of root meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


vulval cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.


regulation of cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclase activity.


ABC-type azole transporter activity

Enables the transfer of azoles, heterocyclic compound found in many biologically important substances, from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + azole(in) = ADP + phosphate + azole(out).


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the cerebral cortex

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed from its cell body in layer V through the cerebral cortex in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


regulation of muscle filament sliding speed involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.


L-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid + H2O + NAD+ = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylitol + NADP+ = D-xylose + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: N1-aminopropylagmatine + H2O = spermidine + urea.


negative regulation of autophagosome size

Any process that reduces autophagosome size.


asexual sporulation

The formation of spores derived from the products of an asexual cell division. Examples of this process are found in bacteria and fungi.


regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.


embryo development ending in seed dormancy

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


flavanol binding

Binding to a flavanol.


ferric triacetylfusarinine C transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric triacetylfusarinine C from one side of a membrane to the other.


cell wall repair

A process of cell wall organization that results in the restoration of the cell wall following damage.


Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-nerolidol + NADPH + O2 = (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C11-geranylacetone and then cleaved to produce (3E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT) and acetone.


nuclear cortisol receptor activity

Combining with cortisol and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function.


corticotropin hormone secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin.


diuretic hormone receptor activity

Combining with a diuretic hormone and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.


antigenic variation

Any process involved in the biological strategy of changing antigenic determinants on the surface that are exposed to another organism's immune system.


peroxynitrite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + ONOO- = [protein]-disulfide + NO2- + H2O.


archaeal-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to the motion of one or more archaeal-type flagella. An archaeal-type flagellum (also called archaellum) is a non-membrane-bounded organelle superficially similar to a bacterial-type flagellum, but having a different molecular structure and lacking a central channel.


positive regulation of chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


genital disc sexually dimorphic development

The sex-specific patterns of primoridia growth and differentiation in the genital imaginal disc. The anal primordium of the genital disc develops in both sexes, but depending on the genetic sex gives rise to either male or female analia. Depending on the genetic sex, only one of the two genital primordia develop. In females the female genital primordium develops and gives rise to the female genitalia whereas the male primordium is repressed. Conversely, in males the male genital primordium develops and gives rise to the male genitalia whereas the female genital primordium is repressed.


regulation of cellodextrin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin metabolic process.


proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proanthocyanidin.


intramolecular oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.


regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


imidazole-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.


chitobiose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chitobiose + phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate. This reaction is the phosphorolysis of chitobiose, (GlcNAc)2, a dimer of beta-(1->4) linked glucosamine units.


maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 8.8S rRNA, the 2S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain fatty aldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + NADPH.


diacylglycerol transacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a triacyl-sn-glycerol + a 2-monoglyceride.


membrane fusion involved in acrosome reaction

The fusion of the plasma membrane of the sperm with the outer acrosomal membrane.


intergenic mRNA trans splicing

The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs from two different genes, each of which also produces mRNA(s) via cis-splicing.


pullulan binding

Binding to pullulan.


regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


cellulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


geranoyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + geranoyl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


negative regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

Any process that suppresses atrichoblast fate specification.


serous membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a serous membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cyclic-di-AMP binding

Binding to a cyclic di-AMP nucleotide.


anterograde trans-synaptic signaling

Cell-cell signaling from pre to post-synapse, across the synaptic cleft.


olefinic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP = 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + 7,8-dihydrofolate.


tatiopterin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tatiopterin.


superior olivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


maintenance of floral meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


altronate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-altronate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O.


symbiont defense to host-produced jasmonic acid

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


adenosine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = D-ribose + adenine.


spliceosomal conformational changes to generate catalytic conformation

Structural rearrangements of the spliceosome complex, containing RNA to be spliced, to generate a catalytic conformation.


atrial cardiac myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrial cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.


nitrogenase (flavodoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6 reduced flavodoxin + 6 H+ + N2 + n ATP = 6 oxidized flavodoxin + 2 NH3 + n ADP + n phosphate.


carotene epsilon hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = a beta-ring hydroxylcarotene + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.


negative regulation of plant organ morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.


post-anaphase microtubule array organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly ofa post-anaphase microtubule array.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung bud dilation

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells that contribute to the radial growth of a lung bud.


formate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways by which formate is converted to CO2.


peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoate = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate + H+.


microtubule cytoskeleton attachment to nuclear envelope

A process in which the microtubule cytoskeleton is attached to the nuclear envelope.


positive regulation of eosinophil activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.


orthokinesis

The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the speed or frequency of movement is increased or decreased.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (-)-endo-alpha-bergamotene + diphosphoric acid.


chromium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chromium (Cr) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


purine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.


nicotianamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


malonyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.


lipopolysaccharide transfer activity

Removes a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.


synoviocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of type B synoviocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A type B synoviocyte is a fibroblast-like cell found in synovial tissues.


negative regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


hepoxilin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hepoxilins, a class of bioactive icosanoids with roles in the regulation of cell physiology.


quercetin O-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate = 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate.


premature acrosome loss

The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.


negative regulation of hexasaccharide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.


taurine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway involved in stomatal movement

Any abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway that is involved in stomatal movement.


detection of gibberellic acid stimulus

The series of events in which a gibberellic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


rhamnogalacturonan alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyluronide lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of rhamnogalacturonan, generating oligosaccharides of the form alpha-D-us-galacturonic acid-(1,2)-alpha-L-rhamnose-(1,4)-alpha-D-galacturonate-(1,2)-L-rhamnose-(1,2)-alpha-L-rhamnose-p-(1,4)-alpha-D-galacturonic acid, terminating at the non-reducing end with a hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid residue.


epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in lung development

Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell and contributes to the progression of the lung over time from its initial formation to the mature organ.


floral organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + ATP = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl 5'-adenylate + diphosphate.


urethra development

The progression of the urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body.


rifamycin-B oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + O2 + rifamycin B = H2O2 + rifamycin O.


regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


cell fate specification involved in pattern specification

The process involved in the specification of the identity of a cell in a field of cells that is being instructed as to how to differentiate. Once specification has taken place, that cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


nitrile hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amide = a nitrile + H2O.


cellular response to ethylene stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.


exo-(1,4)-alpha-D-glucan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linear alpha-D-glucan = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + beta-D-glucose.


pollen tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pollen tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure.


positive regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


regulation of sporangiospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.


positive regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + NAD+ = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH.


cellular response to purvalanol A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.


hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxymethyl- or formyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


chloroplast mRNA modification

The covalent alteration within the chloroplast of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


tongue muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a tongue muscle cell.


subsynaptic reticulum organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a subsynaptic reticulum. A subsynaptic reticulum is an elaborate tubulolamellar membrane system that underlies the postsynaptic cell membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(6-aminohexanoyl)-6-aminohexanoate + H2O = 2 6-aminohexanoate.


detection of endogenous stimulus

The series of events in which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


(R)-lactaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-propane-1,2-diol + NADP <=> (R)-lactaldehyde + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H+ + luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] + UDP.


anaerobic amino acid catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


positive regulation of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis.


positive regulation of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.


(gibberellin-36), 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A36 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> H+ + gibberellin A4 + succinate + 2 carbon dioxide.


3,3'-dibromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3-monobromobisphenol A + HBr.


negative regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.


(S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a geranylgeranyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate to form (S)-2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.


positive regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.


cellular response to chitin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.


positive regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.


H2A-H2B histone complex chaperone activity

A histone chaperone that carries a H2A-H2B histone complex.


cellulose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside-disphosphate-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = nucleoside-disphosphate + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).


CCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCG codon.


protein localization to horsetail-astral microtubule array

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a horsetail-astral microtubule array.


vitellogenin receptor activity

Receiving vitellogenin, and delivering vitellogenin into the cell via endocytosis.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in beta-gentiobiose.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate + NADP+ = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+.


acetoacetate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + H+ = acetone + CO2.


strictosidine beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha(S)-strictosidine + H2O = D-glucose + strictosidine aglycone.


positive regulation by symbiont of entry into host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


arbutin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cytokinin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


mesonephric capsule specification

The regionalization process in which the identity of the mesonephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages immediately 5' to an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP; also called abasic) site within a ribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks, generating a single-strand break with 5'-ribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends.


methylcytosine to 5-glyceryl-methylcytosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylcytosine + L-ascorbate + O2 = 5-glyceryl-methylcytosine + glyoxylate + CO2.


pole plasm mRNA localization

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


phylloquinone monooxygenase (2,3-epoxidizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + phylloquinone = 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + A + H2O.


spheroidene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spheroidene.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-oxohept-3-ene-1,7-dioate + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxy-hept-trans-2-ene-1,7-dioate.


Catalysis of the reaction: apigeninidin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


galactolipid O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = acylmono-beta-D-galactosyl-diacylglycerol + mono-beta-D-galactosylacylglycerol.


cellular modified amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


lipopolysaccharide glucosyltransferase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + D-glucosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


palmitoleoyl [acyl-carrier-protein]-dependent acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + alpha-KDO-(2->4)-alpha-KDO-(2->6)-lipid IVA = KDO2-(palmitoleoyl)-lipid IVA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


toluene 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 3-hydroxytoluene.


protein histidine tele-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N(tau)-phospho-L-histidine.


cellular response to antimycin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimycin A stimulus.


regulation of biological process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate + H+ = CO2 + 2-propanol.


linamarin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile = UDP + linamarin.


deoxyadenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.


sensory perception of high humidity

The series of events required for an organism to detect high environmental humidity, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


histone H3-K9 trimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.


glucuronoxylan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone substituted with glucuronic acid residues.


5-formyltetrahydrofolate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of zoospore encystment on host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole-2-sulfonate + H2O = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole + HSO3-.


envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


dendrite guidance

The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


mobile ion carrier activity

Small molecule produced by bacteria that carries an ion across the membrane by enclosing the ion and travelling with the ion across the membrane. It does not form a fully open pore across the membrane.


negative regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.


modulation by virus of host chromatin organization

Any process in which a virus effects a change in the organization of chromatin in the host.


nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ammonium hydroxide + 3 NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrite + 3 NAD(P)H + 3 H+.


anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.


apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


mesaconyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the hydration of mesaconyl-CoA to beta-methylmalyl-CoA.


spore-bearing structure formation

The process of generating a spore-bearing structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-carbon bond.


enterobacterial common antigen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


regulation of transdifferentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.


ornithine-acyl [acyl carrier protein] N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + L-ornithine = lyso-ornithine lipid + [acyl-carrier protein]. The enzyme, found in bacteria, catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of ornithine lipids.


FMN reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + NAD+ = FMN + NADH + 2 H+.


leg disc pattern formation

The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the leg imaginal disc.


negative regulation of floral organ abscission by transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand and contributing to the decrease in the rate or frequency of floral organ abscission.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4Z,7E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4,7-trienedioate + H2O = (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + fumarate + H+.


indole glucosinolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan; indoles are biologically active substances based on 2,3-benzopyrrole, formed during the catabolism of tryptophan.


Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + H2O = GlcMan(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + beta-D-glucopyranose.


prostanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prostanoids.


blood vessel lumen ensheathment

A blood vessel lumenization process that occurs by blood vessel endothelial cells delaminating and aligning along the inner surface of an existing luminal space, extending the open ended lumen, and joining to other blood vessels to form a complete blood vessel.


straight chain (R)-2-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a (R)-2-hydroxy even numbered straight chain 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl CoA = formyl-CoA + an odd numbered straight chain 2,3,4-saturated fatty aldehyde.


anti-sigma factor antagonist activity

The function of binding to an anti-sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its activity.


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac skeleton development

A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will give rise to the cardiac skeleton.


catechol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.


sphingolipid very long chain fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + a dihydroceramide = NADP + H2O + an alpha hydroxydihydroceramide.


ornithine catabolic process, by decarboxylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine by decarboxylation.


formation of infection structure

The formation of a symbiont structure that serves to infect its host organism. It includes physiological, developmental, and morphological changes of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + chitin <=> N,N'-diacetylchitobiose.


TDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.


UDP-L-arabinose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-arabinose, uridinediphosphoarabinose, a substance composed of arabinose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


regulation of cerebral blood circulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cerebral blood circulation.


protein localization to cell division site involved in cell separation after cytokinesis

Any protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cell separation after cytokinesis.


L-arabitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


feminization of hermaphrodite soma

Promotion of female sex and sexual phenotypes in the hermaphroditic soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


larval foraging behavior

The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food.


sieve element enucleation

The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus as part of sieve element differentiation. The nuclear contents are released and degraded in the cytoplasm at the same time as other organelles are rearranged and the cytosol is degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: aminohydroquinone + 2 e- + 2 H+ + 1/2 O2 = 1,2,4-benzenetriol + NH3.


perturbation by symbiont of host actin cytoskeleton via filamentous actin depolymerization

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by depolymerizing the host filamentous actin. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


nitrate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitrate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


limb granular cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal granular cell.


response to hesperadin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.


peptide cross-linking via 3'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tyrosine

The thioether cross-linking of a cysteine residue to a tyrosine residue to form 3'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tyrosine, found in galactose oxidase.


tetraketide alpha-pyrone synthase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: a hydroxyacyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 2 H+ = a hydroxylated tetraketide alpha-pyrone + 3 CO2 + 4 coenzyme A .


(E,E)-geranyllinalool synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranyl-geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (E,E)-geranyllinalool + diphosphate.


regulation of root development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of root development.


modulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell in its host organism.


response to formic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formic acid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3-glucoside + UDP-rhamnose = anthocyanidin 3-rutinoside + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxycinnamate + NADP+ + H2O.


inositol trisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol trisphosphate + ATP = inositol tetrakisphosphate + ADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxyaniline + NADP+ + H2O + CO2.


binding

The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: neoagarotetraose + H2O <=> 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + agarotriose.


nasal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the nasal suture is generated and organized.


13-series resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family 13-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from docosapentaenoic acid.


lignin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignins, a class of polymers formed by the dehydrogenetive radical polymerization of various phenylpropanoid monomers.


protein-DNA-RNA complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins, DNA, and RNA molecules to form a protein-DNA-RNA complex.


apical cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an apical cell. The apical cell is the upper cell formed after the first division of the zygote.


endocardial cell development

The progression of an endocardial cell over time, from its formation to the mature cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart.


isoflavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + protein = dolichol-phosphate + D-xylosylprotein.


Catalysis of the reaction: myricetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7-O-methylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + putrescine = N-caffeoylputrescine + CoA + H+.


L-fucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-fucose, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, a sugar that occurs in fucans, a class of polysaccharides in seaweeds, especially Fucus species, and in the cell wall matrix of higher plants.


protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylglucosamine (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (in).


regulation of response to amylopectin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin.


soyasapogenol B glucuronosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + soyasapogenol B <=> H+ + UDP + soyasapogenol B 3-O-beta-glucuronate.


ADP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H2O = IDP + NH3.


trypanothione catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.


response to BMP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.


cellular response to food

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.


regulation of amino acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid import into a cell.


lambda-carrageenase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages in the backbone of lambda-carrageenan, resulting in the tetrasaccharide alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp2S-(1->4)-alpha-D-Galp2,6S2-(1->3)-D-Galp2S.


hercynylselenocysteine lyase activity (selenoneine-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylselenocysteine + 2H+ = selenoneine + pyruvate + ammonium.


regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.


regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


xanthosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthosine.


regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.


hypotaurocyamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hypotaurocyamine = N(omega)-phosphohypotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H+.


regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


metaphase

The cell cycle phase, following prophase or prometaphase in higher eukaryotes, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell.


mannitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


glycerophospholipid flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of a glycerophospholipid from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in abscission

Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in abscission.


beta-amyrin 30-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> 30-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + NADP + H2O.


trans-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a trans-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.


Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population in response to an axonal lesion. The newly generated Schwann cells support subsequent axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.


beta-amyrin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 11alpha-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NADP.


cystoblast division

Any of the rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a cyst of interconnected cells.


cardiac pacemaker cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to pacemaker cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into pacemaker cells. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.


quercetin 3-gentiobioside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiobioside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-deoxycathasterone + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 6-deoxoteasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


detection of redox state

The series of events in which a chemical stimulus indicating redox state is received and converted into a molecular signal. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.


positive regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.


3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropionate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol.


middle viral transcription

The viral transcription that takes place after early transcription in the viral life cycle, and which involves the transcription of genes required for replication.


negative regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

A process that decreases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


hepatic stellate cell contraction

The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of a hepatic stellate cell.


isopentenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isopentenol.