cellular response to auxin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.


xylan catabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.


L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate reductase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NADP = H+ + L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NADPH.


aldose sugar dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an aldose + an oxidized electron acceptor = H+ + an aldonate + a reduced electron acceptor.


regulation of cardioblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


regulation of vulval development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


UAG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAG codon.


anterior lateral line nerve glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


negative regulation of hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.


modulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in another organism. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of sterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-one + H+ + O2 = N-acetylanthranilate + CO.


compound eye cone cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


S-alkylcysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an S-alkyl-L-cysteine + H2O = an alkyl thiol + NH3 + pyruvate.


Rohon-Beard neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Rohon-Beard neuron.


salicylate 5-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylate + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = gentisate + H2O + NAD(P)+.


D-arabinokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + ATP = D-arabinose 5-phosphate + ADP.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.


4-aminobenzoate amino acid synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + ATP + amino acid = 4-aminobenzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


protopine 6-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + protopine = 6-hydroxyprotopine + H2O + NADP+.


positive regulation of cell communication

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


3-aminopropanal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-ammoniopropanal + NAD + H2O <=> 2 H+ + beta-alanine + NADH.


negative regulation of response to water deprivation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to water deprivation. Response to water deprivation is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.


limb spinous cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal spinous cell.


regulation of water channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.


specification of pronephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the pronephric nephron acquire their identity.


positive regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.


reproductive senescence

A life cycle stage during which the reproductive capacity and fitness of an organism declines.


acetate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + cation(out) = acetate(in) + cation(in).


3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate from one side of a membrane to the other.


oocyte construction

The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalyzes the reaction: N-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan + Oxygen + NADPH + H+ = N,N-Dihydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O.


cysteate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phosphoserine + SO32- = L-cysteate + HPO4-.


sorocarp spore cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp spore cell, a cell of the sorocarp sorus. A sorocarp is the fruiting body characteristic of certain cellular slime moulds (e.g., Dictyosteliida) and consists of both stalk and a sorus (spore mass).


smoothened signaling pathway involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that contributes to the progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:3-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:3-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


non-ribosomal peptide synthetase activity

Catalysis of a multistep reaction that produce non-ribosomal peptides. The key chain-building reaction, a C-N bond-forming reaction, involves the generation of the characteristic peptide bond by nucleophilic attack of the amino group of an amino-acyl donor unit covalently bound to a downstream peptidyl carrier protein module (amino acyl-S-PCP) on the acyl group of an upstream electrophilic acyl- or peptidyl acyl-S-PCP chain, catalyzed by a condensation (C) domain. Supplementing these core chain-elongation domains are variable numbers of auxiliary domains that are responsible for modification of the growing polypeptide chain by a small set of iterated reactions including epimerization, N-methylation, and heterocyclization.


positive regulation of foraging behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.


petal vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the petal of vascular plants.


negative regulation of ERK5 cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.


delta-cuprenene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> delta-cuprenene + diphosphoric acid.


cephalosporin C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cephalosporin C.


regulation of cellular response to glucose starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to glucose starvation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline.


L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NAD+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.


central nervous system control of baroreceptor feedback

The neurological process in which nerve impulses arising in the aorta or the carotid sinuses travel to the medulla and reach the nucleus of tractus solaris.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pantothenate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pantothenate via phosphopantothenate and CoA.


sterigmatocystin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


mannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannan, the main hemicellulose of soft (coniferous) wood, made up of D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose.


regulation of maltose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.


prebend segment development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prebend segment over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prebend segment is a part of the descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability.


neuroblast development

The process aimed at the progression of a neuroblast over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific state, to the mature neuroblast. It does not include processes where the neuroblast turns into a glial cell or a neuron.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis.


oocyte fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oocyte.


icosanoid binding

Binding to icosanoids, any C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids or their derivatives, including the leukotrienes and the prostanoids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD <=> avenastenone + NADH + carbon dioxide.


regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


behavioral response to water deprivation

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water.


stearic acid binding

Binding to stearic acid, the 18-carbon saturated fatty acid octadecanoic acid.


exon-exon junction complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an exon-exon junction complex.


Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule tip cell. A Malpighian tubule tip cell is a mitogenic signaling cell that controls the proliferation of its neighboring cells.


limonene 8-hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: limonene + H2O = alpha-terpineol.


response to pyrimidine ribonucleotide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide stimulus.


purine nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


negative regulation of pectin catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.


protein-heme linkage

The covalent linkage of heme and a protein.


decylhomocitrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H2O + lauroyl-CoA = (3S,4S)-3-hydroxytetradecane-1,3,4-tricarboxylate + CoA + H+.


response to menaquinone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.


regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


light-driven active monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

Active transport of an ion across a membrane, driven by light.


neural rod formation

The formation of a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.


photosystem I assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem I complex on the thylakoid membrane.


positive regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.


cytolysis by symbiont of host cells

The killing by an organism of a cell in its host organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-2-hydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene + NADP+ = NADPH + H+ + 4-amino-2-nitroso-6-nitrotoluene.


establishment of dense core granule localization

The directed movement of a dense core granule to a specific location.


mediator complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.


3',2'-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(3'-5')A-P(2'-5') (cyclic 3',2' GAMP).


compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium.


membrane lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.


AGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGC codon.


CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, a substance composed of the acidic sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.


exo-oligoalginate lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of glycosidic bonds through a beta-elimination reaction on alginate, a linear polysaccharide consisting of guluronate (G) and mannuronate (M) as the monomer constituents. An oligoalginate is a linear polymer of two, three or four units of (1->4)-alpha-L-guluronic acid and beta-D-mannuronic acid, releasing monosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.


glycine catabolic process to creatine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine into other compounds, including creatine.


formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA

Excision from the chromosome and circularization of a region of chromosomal DNA, generally, but not always, via homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.


chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = (R,R)-chrysanthemyl diphosphate + diphosphate.


IAA-Ala conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-alanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + L-alanine.


1,6-alpha-L-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6) linkages between alpha-L-fucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in glycopeptides such as immunoglobulin G glycopeptide and fucosyl-asialo-agalacto-fetuin.


protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine

The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.


ether catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ether.


nonadec-1-ene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nonadec-1-ene.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-4-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-1-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.


positive regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.


cellular response to interleukin-15

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.


molybdenum incorporation via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).


copper ion sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of copper(I) (Cu+).


rubredoxin-NAD(P)+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.


cell-cell signaling involved in metanephros development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


host response to induction by symbiont of tumor, nodule or growth in host

Any process that results in a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the formation of an abnormal mass of cells in the host organism, induced by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis

Any process that modulates the process in which a cell wall is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.


positive regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.


pseurotin A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pseurotin A.


negative regulation of small intestinal transit

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any small intestinal transit process, the migration of ingested material along the length of the small intestine.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-rhamnose + NADPH = UDP-rhamnose + NADP+.


regulation of memory T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation.


geraniol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geraniol.


dethiobiotin binding

Binding to dethiobiotin.


neural crest cell differentiation involved in parathyroid gland development

Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in parathyroid gland development.


envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


o-pyrocatechuate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ = catechol + CO2.


regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.


haltere disc development

Progression of the haltere imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.


glial cell projection elongation involved in axon ensheathment

The extension of a glial cell process or projection to wrap around an axon.


detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid

Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.


negative regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.


mitochondrion DNA recombination

Any DNA recombination that takes place in mitochondrion.


positive regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.


(S)-scoulerine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (S)-scoulerine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6aR,11aR)-3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + H2O + NADP+. (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan is also known as (-)-glycinol.


hypochlorite binding

Binding to hypochlorite.


response to ziprasidone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ziprasidone stimulus. Ziprasidone is a piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N-benzyladenine <=> H+ + benzyladenine-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


regulation of sporangium germination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination.


lateral line nerve glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a lateral line glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = salicylate + NADH + H+.


tyramine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyramine.


peptide pheromone maturation

The generation of a mature, active peptide pheromone via processes unique to its processing and modification. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


negative regulation of pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction.


deoxyribose phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.


pyocyanin hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylate + NADH + O2 + 2 H+ = pyocyanin + NAD + carbon dioxide + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine + H2O + H+ = benzyl alcohol + CO2 + glycine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing a single residue of 2'-O-methyladenosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + charged-fMet-tRNAs = L-methionylaminoacyl-tRNA + formate.


regulation of transporter activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter.


VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to an alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


L-fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose).


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate.


indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-ethanol + NAD+ = (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H+ + NADH.


regulation of execution phase of apoptosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.


regulation of cholesterol storage

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


luteinizing hormone signaling pathway involved in ovarian follicle development

The series of molecular signals initiated by luteinizing hormone binding to a receptor, where the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that contribute to progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


fosfomycin 2-glutathione ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen (2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid + glutathione = hydrogen (1R,2R)-1-glutathio-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid.


indoleacetic acid ester conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an a sugar or polyol through an ester bond.


alpha-pinene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature. It is a major component in tea-tree oils, and gives off a piney smelling odor.


dimethylallylcistransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + neryl diphosphate.


skeletal muscle satellite cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a skeletal muscle satellite cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


guanidinoacetate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanidinoacetate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphoguanidinoacetate.


calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


cellular response to prostaglandin I stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart chamber septation

A transition where an endocardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the heart septum.


peptidyl-lysine palmitoylation

The palmitoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-palmitoyl-L-lysine.


all-trans-neoxanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving all-trans-neoxanthin.


cellular response to chondroitin 4'-sulfate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 4'-sulfate stimulus.


regulation of cuticle pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


pro-T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming a pro-T cell.


regulation of glucomannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.


5-fluorocytosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + flucytosine + H2O <=> 5-fluorouracil + ammonium.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.


epistomal sclerite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the epistomal sclerite are generated and organized.


positive regulation of renal amino acid absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.


dCDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.


purine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Purine nucleotide-sugars are purine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


CoA-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 CoA + NADP+ = CoA-disulfide + NADPH + H+.


rhombomere 6 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


actin filament bundle convergence

A process of actin filament bundle distribution that results in the compaction of actin filaments.


regulation of glucocorticoid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.


negative regulation of protein folding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.


galactitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a galactitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathway

The process in which a molecular signal is transduced between the chloroplast and nucleus, such that expression of nuclear encoding photosynthetic proteins is coupled with chloroplast biogenesis.


cellulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


negative regulation of response to alcohol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.


uracilylalanine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O3-acetyl-L-serine + uracil = 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate.


positive regulation of adaptive immune effector response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y and the acceptor is oxygen.


gerfelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gerfelin.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP-glucose = 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + H+.


D-allose-importing ATPase activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-allose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-allose(in).


establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization to postsynapse

The directed movement of endoplasmic reticulum into a postsynaptic compartment such as a dendritic spine.


ecgonine methyl ester catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonine methyl ester.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by lipid

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid ligand.


positive regulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the indole acetic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


biofilm matrix assembly

A process that results in the assembly of a biofilm matrix.


cADPR-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine

The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


multi-species biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


plastid translation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a plastid. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the plastid has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.


cell wall macromolecule metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


dextrin alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dextrin + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.


brevianamide F biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brevianamide F. Brevianamide F is the biosynthetic precursor of a large family of biologically active prenylated tryptophan-proline 2,5-diketopiperazines that are produced by some fungi.


pyruvate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.


response to DDT

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a DDT stimulus. DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide moderately toxic to humans and other animals.


negative regulation of male mating behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.


protein localization to spindle pole body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the spindle pole body.


regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


D-lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 = 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon.


cellular response to boron-containing substance levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of boron-containing substances.


compound eye development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.


positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.


2-octaprenylphenol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenylphenol + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol + NADP+ + H2O.


axonemal basal plate assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal basal plate.


glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucuronoarabinoxylan.


otolith tethering

The attachment of a developing otolith to the kinocilia of tether cells in the inner ear.


regulation of egg-laying behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium.


anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + an anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + H+ + an anthocyanidin 3-O-sophoroside.


ethanolamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine + H2O + O2 = glycolaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2.


regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.


4-nitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene.


peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine

The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


6-methylsalicylic acid synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3 H+ + 3 malonyl-CoA + NADPH = 6-methylsalicylate + 3 CO2 + 4 CoA + H2O + NADP+.


oogonium development

The process that leads to the development of an oogonium, a female gametangium of Oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.


response to 4'-epidoxorubicin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4'-epidoxorubicin stimulus.


phytosteroid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytosteroids, steroids that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.


bicoid mRNA localization

Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-nonaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + benzoyl-CoA = N-benzoylanthranilate + CoA.


cadmium ion sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of cadmium (Cd++).


peptide cross-linking via L-lysinoalanine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-serine to form a (2Xi,9S)-L-lysinoalanine cross-link.


positive regulation of G1 to G0 transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


emindole-SB NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (14,15-epoxidizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: emindole-SB + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 14,15-epoxyemindole-SB + NADP + H2O.


tricaffeoyl spermidine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a tricaffeoyl spermidine molecule.


cytochrome P450 dependent beta-amyrin 16beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NADPH = 16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NADP.


nitrate assimilation

The nitrogen metabolic process that encompasses the uptake of nitrate from the environment and reduction to ammonia, and results in the incorporation of nitrogen derived from nitrate into cellular substances.


ACG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACG codon.


serine-based site-specific recombinase activity

Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences; occurs through a phosphoseryl intermediate in which the target sequence is first cleaved by the nucleophilic attack by a serine in the active site.


maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded

Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of pentasaccharide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.


seed trichome maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a seed trichome to attain its fully functional state.


positive regulation of neural crest formation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.


establishment of cell polarity involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

The cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization that results in the directional division of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte.


pre-tubular aggregate formation

The cell adhesion process in which mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.


regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


proximal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule.


medulla oblongata development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


response to isooctane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isooctane stimulus.


compound eye cone cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye.


hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxycinnamoyl group to an acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-P + L-glutamine = D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate + aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide + L-glutamate + 2 H+.


regulation of dermatome development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.


archaeosine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + 7-cyano-7-carbaguanine15 in tRNA + H2O = L-glutamate + archaeine15 in tRNA.


cell-cell adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration

The attachment of mesendodermal cells to each other that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of the cells of the mesendoderm.


5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5'-adenylyl sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other.


polycistronic mRNA processing

The conversion of a primary mRNA transcript containing more than one complete protein-coding region into individual mature mRNA molecules.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + curcumin = curcumin monoglucoside + UDP + H+.


cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella.


regulation of excretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


forebrain astrocyte fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain.


positive regulation of toxin transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.


positive regulation of cumulus cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.


regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.


pupation

The act of becoming a pupa, a resting stage in the life cycle of organisms with complete metamorphosis. This event marks the end of the prepupal period and the beginning of the pupal period.


symbiont defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


GCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCG codon.


ferroptosis

A programmed cell death characterized morphologically by the presence of smaller than normal mitochondria with condensed mitochondrial membrane densities, reduction or vanishing of mitochondria crista, and outer mitochondrial membrane rupture. Activation of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels and mitogen-activated protein kinases, upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter are involved in the induction of ferroptosis. This process is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from iron metabolism. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), heat shock protein beta-1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 function as negative regulators of ferroptosis by limiting ROS production and reducing cellular iron uptake, respectively. In contrast, NADPH oxidase and p53 act as positive regulators of ferroptosis by promotion of ROS production and inhibition of expression of SLC7A11 (a specific light-chain subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter), respectively. Misregulated ferroptosis has been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


induction of conjugation with cellular fusion

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion. Conjugation with cellular fusion is the process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.


ent-kaur-16-en-19-al oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + ent-kaur-16-en-19-al + oxygen = H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaurenoate.


regulation of Malpighian tubule size

Ensuring that a Malpighian tubule is the correct length and diameter.


alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


response to docetaxel trihydrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a docetaxel trihydrate stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N(6)-dimethylallyladenine <=> H+ + 7-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-N(6)-isopentenyladenine + UDP.


translocation of molecules into symbiont

The directed movement of molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Z-phenylacetaldoxime catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds.


Group I intron splicing

The splicing of Group I introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group I introns and involved in determining the locations of the splice sites (there do not appear to be consensus splice site sequences) as well as having a role in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions, generally with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a linear piece (though it may subsequently circularize).


ATPase-coupled urea transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + urea(out) = ADP + phosphate + urea(in).


alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


ribonuclease R activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction, leaving an undigested core of 3-5 nucleotides.


4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).


cellular response to biotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.


leaf proximal/distal pattern formation

The regionalization process within a leaf by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 4 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


alliin lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide = an alkyl sulfenate + 2-aminoacrylate.


acyl-lipid omega-(9-4) desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H(+) + O2 = a (5Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-containing glycerolipid) and add a fourth double bond (a (5Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-containing glycerolipid).


oomycete sporangium development

The process that leads to the development of an oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiates, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which are laterally flagellated.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O = CoA + penicillin G + L-2-aminohexanedioate.


response to herbivore

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a herbivore.


poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + aminoglycoside = ADP + phosphoaminoglycoside.


seedling development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seedling over time, beginning with seed germination and ending when the first adult leaves emerge.


vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear

The transmission of vibrations via ossicles to the inner ear.


modulation by virus of host apoptotic process

Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis of infected host cells.


1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity (SN2-16:3 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-16:3-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate + L-glutamate.


granulosa cell fate commitment

The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become granulosa cells.


positive regulation of compound eye pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


Meynert cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Meynert cell.


inferior olivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


dUDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.


negative regulation of eclosion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.


amino sugar metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


regulation of hair follicle placode formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.


regulation of cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.


GTP:coenzyme F420 guanyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-G + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing 5-aminomethyl-2-thiouridine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate.


styrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: styrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = NAD+ + styrene cis-glycol.


negative regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + O2 = 3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate + H+.


putrescine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: putrescine + O2 + H2O = 4-aminobutanal + NH3 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + L-glutamate(1-) + ATP <=> H+ + N-vanillate-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


flight involved in flight behavior

Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air that is part of the organism's response to external or internal stimuli resulting in flight.


negative regulation of response to pullulan

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.


nitrobenzoate nitroreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: o-nitrobenzoate + NADPH + H+ = o-hydroxylaminobenzoate + NADP+.


transport of virus in host, tissue to tissue

The transport of a virus between tissues in a multicellular organism.


regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any endogenous process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the plant hypersensitive response.


phenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.


ribonuclease IX activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) or poly(C) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


regulation of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation. Metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of metanephric cap mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. A metanephric cap mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell that has condensed with other mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


interleukin-27 production

The appearance of interleukin-27 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


negative regulation of response to gamma radiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.


phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ATP + 5'-phospho-ribosylglycinamide = 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + ADP + diphosphate.


protein phosphopantetheinylation

The modification of a protein amino acid by phosphopantetheinylation.


regulation of lysozyme activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


(3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.


peptidyl-histidine uridylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine

The uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine).


disaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of disaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptidyl-tyrosine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-tyrosine.


haloacetate dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: haloacetate + H2O = glycolate + halide.


epicardial cell to mesenchymal cell transition

A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. The epicardium is a part of the pericardium.


regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


structural constituent of adult chitin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of an adult organism. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.


diterpene phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpene phytoalexins, a class of diterpene formed in plants in response to fungal infection, physical damage, chemical injury, or a pathogenic process; they are sometimes referred to as plant antibiotics. Diterpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing 20 carbon atoms and 4 branched methyl groups and are made up of isoprenoid units.


protein-dermatan sulfate linkage via dermatan 4-sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

Dermatan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.


heme O biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + D-alanyl-D-alanine = ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.


maturation of 2S rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 2S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 2S rRNA molecule.


columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-sulfur bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-sulfur bond, C-S.


energy transducer activity

The biological transducer activity that accepts energy and converts it to another form, often by transfer to another molecule within the cell.


positive regulation of nutrient release by symbiont

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. Neuromast hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


thiamine diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine diphosphate + H2O = thiamine monophosphate + phosphate.


embryonic anal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.


cyanidin 7-O-glucoside acyltransferase(acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-(6-O-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + beta-D-glucose.


shikimate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + shikimate = 3-phosphoshikimate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.


peroxidase-heme linkage

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase.


viral DNA genome packaging, headful

The encapsulation of the viral genome within the capsid where DNA is packaged into the capsid until the capsid is full.


bixin methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bixin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> bixin dimethyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


smooth muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in smooth muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


granulocyte activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a granulocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof.


cell-abiotic substrate adhesion

The attachment of a cell to an underlying abiotic (non-living) substrate via adhesion molecules.


lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with a lipoprotein particle and delivering the lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.


regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + D-glucose = D-glucose 6-phosphate + glycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrocyclohexanone + OH- = 4,6-dinitrohexanoate.


mucilage biosynthetic process involved in seed coat development

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.


receptor-mediated bacteriophage reversible attachment to host cell

Process by which a bacteriophage, using its tail fibers, spikes or a baseplate component, initially recognizes and binds to its specific receptor on the host cell surface. This process is reversible and allows the release of a bacteriophage without affecting infection.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-3-D-galactosyl-sn-2-acylglycerol + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + [acyl-carrier protein].


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


lariciresinol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lariciresinol + NADPH + H+ = secoisolariciresinol + NADP+.


negative regulation of pronephric nephron tubule development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pronephric nephron tubule development.


regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


modulation by symbiont of host autophagy

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


hexose mediated signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hexose.


RNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


positive regulation of neuronal signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.


apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-D-galactose.


disruption of host nitric oxide-mediated signaling

Any process in which a symbiont organism interferes with nitric oxide mediated signal transduction in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate + NAD+ = 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H+ + NADH.


dibenzothiophene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzothiophene derivatives can be detected in diesel oil following hydrodesulfurization treatment to remove sulfur compounds that would otherwise generate sulfur oxides during combustion.


inositol 4-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.


response to nitrogen compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S7 O-GlcNAc transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine (position 7).


uracil oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uracil + NADH + O2 + H+ = ureidoacrylate peracid + NAD+. Ureidoacrylate peracid is spontaneously reduced by NADH to form ureidoacrylate.


phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.


rhombomere 8 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


regulation of podocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.


3,4-didehydroretinal binding

Binding to 3,4-didehydroretinal, a form of retinal that plays a role in the visual process in freshwater fish and some amphibians analogous to that of all-trans retinal in other vertebrates. 3,4-didehydro-11-cis-retinal combines with an opsin to form cyanopsin (cone) or porphyropsin (rod).


neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell differentiation

The process in which a neural crest cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.


histone H3K56me2/H3K56me3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.


taxusin 2-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: taxusin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2-alpha-hydroxytaxusin + NADP + H2O.


lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.


positive regulation of pectin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate = 4-aminobenzoate + H+ + pyruvate.


F420-0 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving F420-0 (5-O-{[(1S)-1-carboxyethoxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}-1-deoxy-1-(8-hydroxy-2,4-dioxo-2H-pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolin-10(4H)-yl)-D-ribitol), the fragment of coenzyme F420 remaining after formal hydrolytic removal of all of the glutamate residues.


synaptic target attraction

The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemoattractant signals from, and grows towards, potential targets.


nitric oxide reductase activity (NAD(P)H-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dinitrogen oxide + H2O + NAD(P) = 2 nitric oxide + H+ + NAD(P)H.


racemase and epimerase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives

Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in an amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA.


dolichol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + dolichol = CoA + dolichyl palmitate.


hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes

The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in the host organism by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


organic substance catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.


dodecyl sulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dodecyl sulfate, commonly found as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a component of a variety of synthetic surfactants.


MHC class I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.


halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase A activity

Catalysis of the elimination of HCl from a chloro- or bromopropanol, yielding an epoxypropane.


response to trichostatin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.


DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via synthesis-dependent strand annealing.


descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle.


high-affinity ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


low-affinity L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate = 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate.


anterior Malpighian tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of anterior tubules arise from a dorsal region of the embryonic hindgut and projects forwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut.


L-proline betaine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline found in alfalfa, chrysanthemum, and citrus plants.


Catalysis of the reaction: monodemethylisoproturon + H2O = hydroxymonodemethylisoproturon + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.


L-methionine biosynthetic process from L-homoserine via cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including L-homoserine, via the intermediate cystathionine.


cyanate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that involves the two-step acylation of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to a phosphatidylcholine.


peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid from other compounds, including peptidyl-aspartic acid.


L-methionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid.


riboflavinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + H+ + riboflavin = D-ribitol + lumichrome.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.


hippurate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzoylglycine + H2O = benzoate + glycine.


nectary development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral nectaries over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of heptasaccharide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.


lytic endotransglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues. Acts on linkages within peptidoglycan chains (i.e. not at the ends) to produce shorter strands with 1,6-anhydromuramic acid ends.


maleylpyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate(2-) + H2O <=> H+ + maleate(2-) + pyruvate.


regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


positive regulation of response to cycloalkane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.


peptidyl-tryptophan oxidation to tryptophyl quinone

The oxidation of peptidyl-tryptophan to form tryptophan-6,7-dione, otherwise known as tryptophyl quinone, which is further modified by cross-linking to either tryptophan or cysteine.


intracellular accumulation of glycerol

The accumulation of glycerol within a cell, for example by increased glycerol biosynthesis combined with decreased permeability of the cell membrane to glycerol, in response to the detection of a hyperosmotic environment.


gamma-glutamyl hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-glutamyl cysteine + hercynine + O2 = gamma-glutamyl-hercynyl cysteine sulfoxide + H2O.


technetium (VII) reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pertechnetate ion + 3/2 H2 = technetium (IV) oxide + H2O + OH-.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+ = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2 + NADH.


cellular response to acrylamide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acrylamide stimulus.


dCDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.


atrial cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell in the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.


protoderm histogenesis

The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the epidermis.


fructoseglycine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoseglycine, a fructose molecule containing a glycine group in place of a hydroxyl group.


toxin activity

Interacting selectively with one or more biological molecules in another (target) organism, initiating pathogenesis (leading to an abnormal, generally detrimental state) in the target organism. The activity should refer to an evolved function of the active gene product, i.e. one that was selected for. Examples include the activity of botulinum toxin, and snake venom.


plasmodesma organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasmodesma, a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + L-glutamine = 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + 2-oxoglutaramate.


negative regulation of conjugation with zygote

A process that prevents a zygote from fusing an additional cell.


physiological muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development.


conversion of glutamyl-tRNA to glutaminyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of glutamate charged on a tRNA(Gln) to glutaminyl-tRNA.


suppression by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


methyl beta-D-glucoside 6-phosphate glucohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl beta-D-glucoside 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate + methanol.


ammeline aminohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ammeline + H2O = ammelide + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + baicalein <=> H+ + UDP + baicalin.


pyochelin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


alpha-pinene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature.


regulation of substance P secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.


negative regulation of response to external stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.


pheromone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoserine to homoserine to form phosphohomoserine.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling

The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid and aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid cyclopropane fatty acid.


positive regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in hippocampal neurons.


negative regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


response to ionomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,6 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


metanephric tubule development

The progression of a metanephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.


carboxynorspermidine dehydrogenase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carboxynorspermidine + NADP + H2O <=> L-aspartic acid 4-semialdehyde betaine + trimethylenediaminium + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine(1-) + an (3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acp] <=> UDP-2,3-bis[O-(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


flavonol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroflavonol + 2-oxoglurate + O2 = a flavonol + succinate + CO2 + H2O.


myosin II filament assembly

The formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + aspartate = methionine + oxaloacetate.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-endo-hydroxycineole + NAD+ = 6-oxocineole + H+ + NADH.


cellular response to chemical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.


posterior lateral line neuromast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


pinene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.


membrane depolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: (E,E)-piperoyl-CoA + piperidine = N-[(E,E)-piperoyl]piperidine + CoA + H+.


regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (2->6)-beta-D-fructofuranan, to remove successive disaccharide residues as levanbiose, i.e. 6-(beta-D-fructofuranosyl)-D-fructose, from the end of the chain.


interleukin-25 production

The appearance of interleukin-25 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


endonucleolytic cleavage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-SSU-rRNA from a pre-LSU-rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


meiosis I cell cycle phase

A meiotic cell cycle phase prior to a during which some part of meiosis I nuclear division or the proceeding cytokinesis occurs.


L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase activity (NAD-dependent)

Catalysis of the reaction: L-idonate + NAD = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + kanamycin B = N(6')-acetylkanamycin B + CoA + H+. This is acetylation of the 6'-amino group of the 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose ring.


naphthalenesulfonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalenesulfonate, sulfonated derivatives of naphthalene.


regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.


phenylalkylamine binding

Binding to phenylalkylamine or one of its derivatives.


citryl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-citryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate.


(gibberellin-14), 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A14 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A37 + carbon dioxide + succinate.


negative regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


vanadium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of vanadium (V) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


asexual reproduction

A type of reproduction in which new individuals are produced from a single organism, either from an unfertilized egg or from a single cell or group of cells.


The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


negative regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


(+)-taxifolin 5'-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-taxifolin(1-) + O2 + NADPH(4-) + H+ <=> (+)-dihydromyricetin + NADP(3-) + H2O.


3-chlorocatechol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-chlorocatechol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 <=> 4alpha-carboxy-4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


galactose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NAD+ = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid = salicylate + CO2.


Unidirectional transfer of genetic information triggered by to a pheromone signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine + CoA + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + UDP-galactose = 6F-alpha-D-galactosylsucrose + UDP.


anaphase-promoting complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an anaphase-promoting complex.


hip joint articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of hip joint articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzenoid + O2 = H+ + distal extradiol ring cleavage. Substrates are 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl (forms 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate) and 2,2',3-trihydroxydiphenylether (forms 2,3-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate).


negative regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase.


specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.