response to microbial phytotoxin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microbial phytotoxin stimulus. A microbial phytotoxin is a chemical substance produced by microbes which is toxic to plants.


phosphothreonine lyase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the removal of the phosphate group from phosphothreonine by cleavage of the C-OP bond with the concomitant abstraction of the alpha proton, generating a double bond-containing product.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinol-7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinol-7 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


cellular response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephric field specification

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in regions of the embryo being delineated into the area in which the pronephric kidney will develop.


DNA-dependent DNA replication DNA ligation

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA-dependent DNA replication.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.


positive regulation of mammary gland involution

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.


positive regulation of hemopoiesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.


methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA binding

Binding to methionine-initator methionine tRNA.


R8 cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R8 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R8 photoreceptor is the founding receptor of each ommatidium.


phenylethylamine metabolic process involved in synaptic transmission

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine that contribute to synaptic transmission.


neuromast mantle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.


acinar cell of sebaceous gland differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an acinar cell of sebaceous gland.


peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine; the oleate and palmitate actually represent mixtures of saturated (generally at 3') and unsaturated (generally at 2') fatty acids.


trunk segmentation

Partitioning of the blastoderm embryo into trunk segmental units. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8.


innate immune receptor activity

Receiving a signal and transmitting it in a cell to initiate an innate immune response.


plant endodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a plant endodermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is linked to the transport of electrons from water to NADP+ with the production of NADPH and dioxygen (O2). Involves photosystem I and photosystem II.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + dTTP = diphosphate + dTDP-glucose.


sno(s)RNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA family molecule, also referred to as an sRNA in Archaea.


vagus nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


palmitoleic acid delta 12 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoleoyl-CoA + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> (9Z,12Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoA + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


xylem and phloem pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


cytosolic lipolysis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipid droplets and hydrolysis of stored triglycerides occurring through the orchestrated activation of cytosolic lipases.


GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanine + H2O = GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate + D-alanine.


positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

Any process in which an organism positively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting keto- and enol-groups

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is a keto- or an enol-group, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.


alkyl caffeate ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of alkyl caffeate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrene + XCH3 = 1,6-dimethoxypyrene + HX.


benzoyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzoyl-CoA.


co-translational protein acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring before the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.


Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sugar(out) = protein histidine + sugar phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.


alpha-amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alpha-amino acid.


aerobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.


regulation of phialide development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: patuletin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> quercetagetin 3',6-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


negative regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.


limb basal epidermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal basal cell. A epidermal basal cell cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into more specialized cell of the limb epidermis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


regulation of urease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urease activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + trimethylamine-N-oxide = NAD+ + trimethylamine + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H+ = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + CO2.


flagellum attachment zone organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a flagellum attachment zone. FAZ is a network of cytoskeletal and membranous connections responsible for the lateral attachment of the cilium to the cell body in some trypanosomatid species.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA.


peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked phosphatide following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond, as in the cleavage of arginine from the carboxy-terminal of Apg8 followed by its amidation with phosphatidylethanolamine.


negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.


proboscis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proboscis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


monoatomic ion gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific ion stimulus.


dehydrogluconokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H+.


chlamydospore formation

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall. An example of this is found in Candida albicans.


protein catabolic process, modulating synaptic transmission

Any protein degradation process, occurring at a presynapse, that regulates synaptic transmission.


D-glucarate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


response to cyclosporin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoate + H+ = 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate + CO2.


farnesyl diphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + ATP = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl triphosphate + ADP.


clypeus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The clypeus is the shield-shaped plate on an insect's head.


response to nocodazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nocodazole stimulus.


response to pheromone triggering conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that positively regulates the process of conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


wobble position cytosine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of cytidine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).


positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.


The acetylation of the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-cysteine.


sym-norspermidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-diaminopropane + S-adenosylmethioninamine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + bis(3-aminopropyl)amine + H+.


endo-1,3-alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R1-L-rhamnose-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnose-R2 + H2O = R1-L-rhamnose + L-rhamnose-R2. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an alpha-(1->3) linkage between two rhamnose residues in a polysaccharide chain.


peptidyl-tryptophan succinylation

The modification of an N-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan residue to form peptidyl-N2-succinyl-L-tryptophan.


poly-purine tract binding

Binding to a stretch of purines (adenine or guanine) in an RNA molecule.


cellular response to oxygen-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.


tRNA (adenine-57, 58-N(1)-) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the methylation of adenine-57 and adenine-58 in the T-loop of tRNA.


sporangium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sporangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores.


evasion of host immune response via modulation of host cytokine network

Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating host cytokine networks, e.g. by secreting proteins that mimic cytokine receptors that act to sequester host cytokines and inhibit action. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


thiamine pyridinylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridine + thiamine = 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + heteropyrithiamine.


ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = ent-copalyl diphosphate.


negative regulation of response to toluene

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to toluene.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 13-hydroxydocosanoate + UDP-D-glucose = 13-beta-D-glucosyloxydocosanoate + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (Z)-24-ethylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


oligodeoxyribonucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligodeoxyribonucleotides to yield deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphates.


adhesion of symbiont haustorium mother cell to host

The attachment of a haustorium mother cell of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 16-alpha-hydroxysteroid = NADPH + H+ + 16-oxosteroid.


menth-2-enone hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-menth-2-enone + H2O = (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone.


regulation of leucine import

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.


Catalysis of the reaction: peptide diphthamide + NAD+ = peptide N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)diphthamide + niacinamide.


positive regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sclerenchyma cell differentiation.


anthocyanidin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: flavan-3,3',4,4',5,5',7-heptol + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = H+ + delphinidin + 2 H2O + carbon dioxide + succinate.


arabinan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


andrastin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of andrastin A, a meroterpenoid that exhibits inhibitory activity against ras farnesyltransferase, suggesting that it could have promising antitumor activity.


nitrate reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NADP+ + H2O = nitrate + NADPH + H+.


response to far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


trigeminothalamic tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the trigeminothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face.


DCT cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3,3',5-tri-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + caffeoyl-CoA <=> delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) + coenzyme A.


scymnol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5beta-scymnol = 5beta-scymnol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to the disaccharide galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine, a common component of glycoproteins and glycolipids.


neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


mystery cell differentiation

The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a mystery cell. The mystery cells are a precluster of cells that emerge from the compound eye morphogenetic furrow, normally positioned between R3 and R4. They then disappear into the surrounding pool of undifferentiated cells and have no known fate in the mature ommatidium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ATPase-coupled ectoine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + ectoine(in/out).


anaerobic fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid in the absence of oxygen. A fatty acid is any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.


hatching gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hatching gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process.


benzothiazole monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole.


indoleacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.


regulation of seed maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate = N-[(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl]-4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aniline 5'-phosphate + diphosphoric acid.


queuosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.


regulation of sulfite transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + D-galactosylononitol = stachyose + 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol.


polyadenylation of viral mRNA by polymerase stuttering

Polyadenylation of viral mRNA through a polymerase stuttering mechanism. The stop signal present at the end of each gene comprises a stretch of uridine on which the viral polymerase acquires a stuttering behavior: after each adenine inserted, the polymerase moves back one nucleotide along with the mRNA. It resumes transcription adding a new adenine, then again moves back, thereby producing a polyA tail.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pyridoxine = H+ + NADPH + pyridoxal.


regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.


regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


lactone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactone.


positive regulation of zygosporangium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.


chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

A chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus such as heat or physical trauma.


plastid transcription

The synthesis of RNA from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase.


acetylindoxyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylindoxyl + O2 = N-acetylisatin + unknown.


cellular response to salt

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.


cytoplasmic helical capsid assembly

The assembly of a helical viral capsid in the cytoplasm. Occurs by assembling around the viral genome.


polythionate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of thiosulfate to tetrathionate, using cytochrome c as an electron acceptor.


exo-1,4-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine]n-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m = D-glucosamine + [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine](n-1)-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m. This reaction is the hydrolysis of chitosan or chitosan oligosaccharides to remove a D-glucosamine residue from the non-reducing termini; chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units.


regulation of osteoclast proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.


myotube cell migration

The orderly movement of a myotube cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate, and fuse.


maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized embryonic epithelial sheet.


maintenance of organelle location

Any process in which an organelle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-arginine = N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + H+ + phosphate.


demethylkotanin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of demethylkotanin.


GCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCA codon.


UDP-D-apiose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-alpha-D-apiose + carbon dioxide.


trans-4-hexen-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hexen-3-one + NADPH + H+ <=> hexan-3-one + NADP.


inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) = [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':1,2'-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride (DFA I) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->1)-beta-D-fructan (inulin) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.


epithelium migration involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

The process in which the population of cells that make up a wing epithelium undergo directed movement and contribute to imaginal disc-derived morphogenesis.


regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via STAT.


histone H3-R2 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of the histone.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid methylene fatty acid.


positive regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


gibberellin A17,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A17 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A28 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


octadecene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octadecene.


galactarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + homogentisate.


chalcone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-dihydrocoumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ = phloretin + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


viral genome ejection through host cell envelope, short tail mechanism

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm via a short tail ejection system consisting a central tube, the connector which attaches the tail to the phage capsid and releases inner core proteins. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the phage displays a tube-like extension of its short tail that penetrates both host membranes. This tail extension comes from the release of viral core proteins with channel forming properties.


positive regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


protein-phosphocysteine-galactitol-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + galactitol(out) = protein cysteine + galactitol-6-phosphate(in).


kidney mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a kidney mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of kidney mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.


ribose 1,5-bisphosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.


intermediate reticular formation development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cannabidiolate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cannabigerolate + O2 <=> cannabidiolate + hydrogen peroxide.


specification of stamen identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxystreptamine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2'-deamino-2'-hydroxyparomamine + UDP(3-) + H+.


cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ = cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+.


promoter clearance during DNA-templated transcription

Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


ocellus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ocellus are generated and organized. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.


regulation of anterior head development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyindole + O2 = anthranilate + CO2 + H+.


positive regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of central tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + UMP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + uracil.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid + L-asparagine = an amino acid + 2-oxosuccinamate.


fruit septum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit septum is a thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue in the fruit.


response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


hemicellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a hemicellulose.


rhabdomere development

The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.


positive regulation of epithelium regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.


RNA localization to Cajal body

A process in which an RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.


Catalysis of the movement of a lysophosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


glucuronokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate + ATP = 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.


regulation of toxin transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.


D-glutamate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.


regulation of cardiac ventricle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.


diaminopimelate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diaminopimelate, the anion of the dicarboxylic acid 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. It is an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.


S-sulfolactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfonatolactate + NAD <=> 3-sulfonatopyruvate(2-) + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP alpha-D-glucoside + n a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan = ADP + n alpha-amylose.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydro-3-ethylcatechol + NAD+ = 3-ethylcatechol + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinol-8 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> menaquinol-8 + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


pterin deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxypteridine + NH3.


regulation of leukocyte activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


negative regulation of seed dormancy process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.


cellular response to vitamin B1 starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of vitamin B1 (also called thiamin and thiamine).


spore wall assembly MAPK cascade

A MAPK cascade that occurs as a result of deprivation of nourishment.


phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


plasma lipoprotein particle organization

A protein-lipid complex subunit organization process that results in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a plasma lipoprotein particle. A plasma lipoprotein particle is a spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins.


nitrate reductase activity involved in anaerobic electron transport chain

Any nitrate reductase activity that is involved in anaerobic electron transport chain.


indolepyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indolepyruvate = CO2 + indole acetaldehyde.


gracilis tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the gracilis tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the lower trunk and lower limb.


regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + 9,12,15-cis-hexadecatrienoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA(5-) <=> 5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol + 4 coenzyme A + 4 carbon dioxide.


peptidyl-serine palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a serine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-serine.


cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).


positive regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin catabolic process.


response to host osmotic environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the osmotic conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to hydroxyproline residues present in the peptide backbone.


viral entry via permeabilization of inner membrane

The entry of a non-enveloped virus into the cytoplasm of a host prokaryotic cell, following fusion with the outer membrane, via permeabilization of the plasma (inner) membrane. In the case of some double stranded RNA viruses of prokaryotes this occurs via interaction of a membrane-interacting component of the capsid, leading to depolarization an permeabilization of the plasma membrane.


xylitol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + O2 = xylose + H2O2.


cellular response to environmental stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an environmental stimulus.


secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-galactosidic linkages in Aerobacter aerogenes capsular polysaccharide.


monoubiquitinated histone H2A deubiquitination

The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone H2A protein.


xyloglucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xyloglucan.


positive regulation of secretion by cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.


histone H4 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


cyclopentanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclopentanol.


eupatolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8beta-hydroxygermacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = eupatolide + 2 H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


larval chitin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based larval cuticle. The insect larval cuticle is a secretion from epidermal cells that is shed at each molt. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.


cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


positive regulation of hexasaccharide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.


positive regulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine; characteristic of the active sites of arylsulfatases.


mesenchymal cell condensation involved in mammary fat development

The cell adhesion process in which mammary mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of mammary fat development.


pectate disaccharide-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pectate = a pectate + 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate from the reducing end of pectate, i.e. de-esterified pectin.


thiocyanate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl isothiocyanate = benzyl thiocyanate.


octopine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopine, (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.


(S)-lactate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + GTP = 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GDP.


postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration

The migration of olfactory bulb interneuron precursors in the cerebral cortex that occurs after birth.


glutamate catabolic process to succinate via 2-oxoglutarate-dependent GABA-transaminase activity

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.


regulation of amine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mucosal lymphocyte homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within the mucosal tissue of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


primary sex determination, soma

The transmission of information about sexual status from the initial, general, determination to signals specific to the soma.


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the plasma membrane.


carnitine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + NAD+ = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H+ + NADH.


nitrate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD+ + H2O = nitrate + NADH + H+.


anterior midgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


aminodeoxyfutalosine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-[(1-carboxylatovinyl)oxy]benzoate(2-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O <=> aminodeoxyfutalosinate + L-methionine + hydrogencarbonate + H+.


Kdo transferase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = KDO2-lipid IVA + CMP, and lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP.


protein localization to cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at the cell tip.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NADP+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.


suppression by virus of host type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type II interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.


negative regulation of NK T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.


anther wall tapetum cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


nitrogen cycle metabolic process

A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization.


mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling involved in lung induction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell in the foregut and contributes to the formation of the lung bud.


cellular response to Gentian violet

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.


regulation of mononuclear cell migration

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


negative regulation of trichoblast fate specification

Any process that suppresses trichoblast fate specification.


bacitracin A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacitracin A.


negative regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


alkylthioltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alkylthio group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


3-propylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H2O + pentanoyl-CoA = 3-propylmalate + CoA + H+.


regulation of pectin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.


response to bacteriocin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.


triethanolamine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: triethanolamine = diethanolamine + acetaldehyde.


modulation of zoospore encystment on host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


neuromast primordium migration

The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell originating at specific cephalic placodes and depositing proneuromasts along a developing lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


negative regulation of regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization.


central B cell deletion

The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of central tolerance induction and B cell selection.


regulation of epinephrine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.


cresol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.


cell wall disassembly

A process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,6-dihydroxy-2-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylate + NAD+ = 3-methylcatechol + CO2 + NADH.


tubuloglomerular feedback

The process in which blood volume is regulated due to a change in the rate of glomerular filtration. This is accomplished by a feedback mechanism that senses changes in the juxtaglomerular apparatus.


positive regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.


3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = 3-oxopropanoate + H+ + NADPH.


cyanoalanine nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-cyano-L-alanine + 2 H2O + H+ = L-aspartate + NH4.


gibberelli A15, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A15 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A24 + succinate + carbon dioxide + H2O.


positive regulation of heptasaccharide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.


regulation of cell communication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


surface biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at the surface of a liquid-air interface and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud branching

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the branching of the ureteric bud. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-chaconine + UDP-L-rhamnose = H+ + alpha-chaconine + UDP.


suppression by symbiont of host immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


response to proline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.


superoxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: superoxide + reduced rubredoxin + 2 H+ = H2O2 + rubredoxin.


regulation of post-embryonic root development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic root development.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 1-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 1-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.


phosphorelay response regulator activity

Responds to a phosphorelay sensor to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The activity of the response regulator is regulated by transfer of a phosphate from a histidine residue in the sensor, to an aspartate residue in the response regulator. Many but not all response regulators act as transcriptional regulators to elicit a response.


flavin prenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallylphosphate + FMNH2 = prenylated FMNH2 + phosphate.


anaerobic L-alanine catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


histamine binding

Binding to histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


dTDP-L-rhamnose synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-mannose + NAD+ <=> dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + NADH + H+.


anesthesia-resistant memory

The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.


head kidney structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the head kidney. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.


Malpighian tubule stellate cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule stellate cell. A Malpighian tubule stellate cell is a specialized epithelial secretory cell that moves chloride ions and water across the tubule epithelium.


secondary active monocarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the movement of a monocarboxylate, any compound containing a single carboxyl group (COOH or COO-), by uniport, symport or antiport across a membrane by a carrier-mediated mechanism.


ectodermal placode development

The progression of an ectodermal placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.


transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition

The identification of lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex as well as a small subset of lesions not recognized by the general nucleotide-excision repair pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate + NAD+ + NH4. 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate is also known as 3-sulfocatechol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-aminobenzoate + cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid sinus baroreceptor feedback

The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in large arteries and responding to the input via central nervous system control.


myoblast maturation involved in muscle regeneration

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast cell to attain its fully functional state involved in muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


histone H3-K9 dimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.


negative regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


protein localization to T cell secretory granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone

The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


retroviral 3' processing activity

The catalysis of the removal of two di- or tri-nucleotides from each 3' end of double-stranded viral DNA, exposing recessed 3' hydroxyls.


negative regulation of digestive system process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in blood group A and B substances.


endocrocin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of endocrocin.


autophagosome membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the membranes of autophagosomes.


regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


positive regulation of Kit signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.


phosphatidylglycerol-prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of the diacylglyceryl group from phosphatidylglycerol to the sulfhydryl group of the prospective N-terminal cysteine residue in an unmodified prolipoprotein.


epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration

The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules that contributes to epithelium migration.


beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-(1->4) linkage.


positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway.


mycinamicin VI 2''-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + mycinamicin VI <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + mycinamicin III(1+) + H+.


macromolecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine = ADP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine.


adenohypophysis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the adenohypophysis are generated and organized. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.


S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.


cuticle pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the cuticle.


cellular response to methamphetamine hydrochloride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methamphetamine hydrochloride stimulus.


glyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + glyoxylate + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + oxalyl-CoA.


proximal/distal pattern formation involved in pronephric nephron development

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of the pronephros.


regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.


Cvt vesicle assembly

A vesicle organization process that takes place as part of the Cvt pathway, and results in the formation of a double membrane-bounded cytosolic structure that sequesters precursor aminopeptidase I (prAPI).


tissue migration

The process in which the population of cells that make up a tissue undergo directed movement.


regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: monodemethylisoproturon + H2O = didemethylisoproturon + formaldehyde + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


starch, H2O dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + n H2O + starch = n AMP + n hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-amylopectin.


viral entry via permeabilization of host membrane

The entry of a virus into the cytoplasm of a host cell, triggered by an interaction between the bilayer of a host membrane and a membrane-penetration capsid protein. Results in release of the virus contents into the host cell cytoplasm.


alpha-zingiberene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> zingiberene + diphosphoric acid.


negative regulation of tendon cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.


sulfate reduction

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to another sulfur-containing ion or compound such as hydrogen sulfide, adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) or thiosulfate.


envenomation resulting in modulation of apoptotic process in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of apoptosis in the bitten organism.


vesicle fusion with vesicle

Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with a target membrane on another vesicle.


isoprenoid binding

Binding to an isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + penicillin N = CO2 + deacetoxycephalosporin C + H2O + succinate.


cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity

cNMP-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


response to copper ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of copper ion.


suspensor development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the suspensor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The suspensor is the extension at the base of the embryo that anchors the embryo in the embryo sac and pushes it into the endosperm.


monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tricaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


ureidoglycolate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate = glyoxylate + urea.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH <=> (2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP.


regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.


late distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.


negative regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of pollen tube guidance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pollen tube guidance towards ovules. This is one mechanism to prevent polytuby, the simultaneous penetration of ovules by multiple pollen tubes.


terephthalate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: terephthalate + H2O = benzoate + HCO3-.


XTP binding

Binding to XTP.


gamma-tubulin complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gamma-tubulin complex.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.


positive regulation of transepithelial migration of symbiont in host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial migration of symbiont in host.


adenosylcobinamide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RTP + adenosylcobinamide = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + RDP (where RTP is either ATP or GTP).


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane. 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDMS.


glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


methanophenazine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methanophenazine.


phenylserine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threo-3-phenylserine = benzaldehyde + glycine.


protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle pole body.


peripheral B cell negative selection

Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the periphery.


p-cymene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.


modulation by virus of host G1/S transition checkpoint

Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host cell G1/S transition checkpoint.


non-recombinational interstrand cross-link repair

Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that does not involve homologous DNA recombination.


tartrate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tartrate + NAD+ = oxaloglycolate + NADH + H+.


toluene-4-sulfonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene-4-sulfonate, the anion of 4-toluene sulfonic acid, a white crystalline solid which is highly hygroscopic and soluble in water.


hopanoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.


response to host defenses

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase (pyruvate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-dialkylglycine + H+ + pyruvate = L-alanine + CO2 + dialkyl ketone.


organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.


pronephric glomerulus development

The progression of the glomerulus of the pronephric kidney over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


meristem structural organization

Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.


methylguanidinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + methylguanidine = methylammonium + urea.


cellular response to vitamin B3

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-choline

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with three consecutive N-methylation steps that are carried out on phospho-bases, phosphoethanolamine, phospho-N-methylethanolamine, and phospho-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.


ectodermal digestive tract development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions that are derived from ectoderm.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + isocaproyl-CoA = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA + isocaproate.


carbon fixation by acetyl-CoA pathway

A pathway of carbon dioxide fixation in which one molecule of acetyl-CoA is completely synthesized from two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2).


globoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving globosides, globotetraosylceramides, ceramides containing a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I). Globosides are the major neutral glycosphingolipid in normal kidneys and erythrocytes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate = H2O + methacrylate.


strigolactone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of strigolactone.


extracellular phenylacetaldehyde-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular phenylacetaldehyde has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


aerenchyma formation

The process that gives rise to aerenchyma, parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces of schizogenous or lysigenous origin. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


bulbus arteriosus formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the bulbus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic chamber of the heart.


tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide + reduced acceptor = tetrahydrothiophene + acceptor.


immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue

The synthesis and release of immunoglobulin in the mucosal tissue.


purine deoxyribonucleoside salvage

Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5A + H2O = cobalt-precorrin 5B + acetaldehyde + H+.


cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


peptide cross-linking via sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine

The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-serine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine (meso-lanthione).


mitotic checkpoint complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitotic checkpoint complex.


pallium glioblast division

The division of a glioblast in the pallium. A glioblast is a dividing precursor cell that gives rise to glial cells.


response to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine stimulus. 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; it is used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.


trigeminal ganglion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a trigeminal ganglion is generated and organized.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by epinephrine

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule epinephrine.


macrophage cytokine production

The appearance of a macrophage cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


mitochondria-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions.


circadian regulation of heart rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus

The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


auxin receptor activity

Combining with auxin and transmitting the signal in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Auxin is a plant hormone (phytohormone).


regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system

Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct diameter. When primary branches form their lumens are small (less than 2 micrometers) in caliber and must undergo regulated expansion during larval life to reach their mature size.


protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine

The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine.


tricarboxylate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tricarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


intermediate mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


(S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate = H2O + mesaconate.


regulation of motor neuron migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


ABC-type cadmium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd (cytosol) = ADP + phosphate + Cd (vacuole).


ADP-dependent short-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a short-chain acyl-CoA = a short-chain carboxylate + CoA.


flavone apiosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-apiose + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-(beta-D-apiofuranosyl-1,2-beta-D-glucosyl)-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone.


self-resistance to endogenously produced metabolite

A process that reduces or removes the toxicity of an endogenously produced substance. Mechanisms of resistance to endogenously produced compounds include modification the compound, export, sequestration, or mutations in the target enzyme.


protein localization to trailing edge

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the trailing edge. The trailing edge is the area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.


eurydendroid cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature eurydendroid cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a eurydendroid cell fate. A eurydendroid cell is an efferent neuron found in the cerebellar cortex of teleosts.


anterior lateral line development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The anterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.


negative regulation of glomerular filtration by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


L-arabinose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-arabinose, arabino-pentose.


The methylation of the N-terminal phenylalanine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-phenylalanine.


regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.


regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a cell becomes able to take up and incorporate extracellular DNA into its genome.


GGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGU codon.


isopullulanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to isopanose (6-alpha-maltosylglucose).


phosphatidylethanolamine:Kdo2-lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Kdo2-lipid A + phosphatidylethanolamine = phosphoethanolamine-Kdo2-lipid A + diacylglycerol.


central B cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of B cells in the bone marrow.


CD4-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine, a methyl-L-arginine having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.


dimethyl ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl ether, CH3-O-CH3, the simplest ether. Dimethyl ether, also known wood ether and methyl ether, is a colorless gas that has been used in refrigeration applications.


Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) + phosphate = [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate; substrates include laminarin.


positive regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.


glucosylglycerol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a glucosylglycerol from one side of a membrane to the other. A glucosylglycerol is an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.


modulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process by which one organism modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


spore wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a spore wall. A spore wall is the specialized cell wall lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


compartment boundary maintenance

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a compartment boundary. A compartment boundary is a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + ethanolamine phosphate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylethanolamine phosphate.


GGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGC codon.


histone H4-K12 acetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.


codeine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving codeine, an alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album. Codeine has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.


regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.


Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-hydroxynicotinate to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, dependent on O2, NADH +H+ and FAD.


regulation of steroid hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


acetate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid.


response to cyanide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyanide stimulus.


(S)-corytuberine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (S)-reticulinium(1+) + NADPH + O2 <=> (S)-corytuberine + NADP + 2 H2O.


NADPH-dependent dihydrocurcumin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrocurcumin + NADPH+ + H+ = tetrahydrocurcumin + NADP+.


regulation of macrophage tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage tolerance induction.


tetraterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.


vitexin 2''-O-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + vitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-O-methylvitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside.


mesonephric mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of mesonephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.


fatty acid derivative catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acid derivative.


sodium-dependent self proteolysis

The sodium-dependent hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.


negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


protein-phosphocysteine-D-fructose-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + D-fructose(out) = protein cysteine + D-fructose-1-phosphate(in).


guanosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + H2O = xanthosine + NH3.


thigmotropism

The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, such as leaves or tendrils, in response to a touch stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


auxin conjugate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxin conjugates, a bound form of auxin.


trihydroxytoluene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene + O2 = 2,4,6-trioxoheptanoate.


S-methylmethionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-methyl-methionine (SMM) from methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met), catalyzed by methionine S-methyltransferase (MMT). SMM can be reconverted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.


versiconal reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versiconol + NADP <=> versiconal hemiacetal + NADPH + H+.


D-xylose fermentation

The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of D-xylose to ethanol, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-heptaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


pollen wall assembly

The formation of reticulate pollen wall pattern consisting of two layers, exine and intine.


phytol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytol + CTP = phytyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.


apiose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.


cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing

The cyclization of glutamine to yield an L-glutamimide residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.


disruption by symbiont of host tight cell-cell junction

The disruption of host host tight cell-cell junctions, a cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-propyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADP <=> (2E)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-propylidene-3(2H)-furanone + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose = L-glutamate + UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose.


cobinamide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cobinamide + ATP = cobinamide phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group of the 1-amino-2-propanol residue of cobinamide, in the presence of ATP, to form cobinamide phosphate.


regulation of muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.


ATPase-coupled L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutamine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + glutamine(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetamide + catechol + NAD+.


cardioblast cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to becoming a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


benzyladenine UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N-benzyladenine <=> H+ + N-benzyl-9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)adenine + UDP.


heme a metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.


regulation of actin filament severing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.


histamine-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when histamine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + 2,5-dihydroxypyridine = formate + maleamate.


fluoren-9-ol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fluoren-9-ol + 2 NADP+ = fluoren-9-one + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.


regulation of twitch skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


RNA polymerase V activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase V specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


posterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.


negative regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.


positive regulation of cartilage condensation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage condensation.


alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltotriose

The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltotriose.


phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + phenanthrylsulfate.


protein N-linked glycosylation via tryptophan

The glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-tryptophan, 1'-glycosyl-L-tryptophan; results in the formation of an (S)-2-amino-3-(1-D-mannopyranosyloxy-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid residue.


serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanyl-D-alanine + H2O = (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanine + D-alanine.


oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization

Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of androstenedione secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.


zymosterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).


regulation of meristem development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of single-species biofilm formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


interferon-alpha production

The appearance of interferon-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


leading edge cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


protein-heme linkage via 3'-L-histidine

The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 3'-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-heme-histidine, pros-heme-histidine).


Malpighian tubule bud morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the embryonic hindgut tube to form the Malpighian tubule. A bud is a protrusion that forms from the tube by localized changes in cell shape and position.


endo-alpha-(2,8)-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (2->8)-alpha-sialosyl linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.


DNA excision

The removal of a section of DNA from a larger DNA molecule by the making of dual incisions that flank the section to be excised.


regulation of multicellular organismal development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.


kappa-carrageenase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose in kappa-carrageenans.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.