negative regulation of dendritic cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.


cis-Golgi network membrane

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the cis-Golgi network.


PTN2_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


negative regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.


regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.


negative regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.


negative regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of positive thymic T cell selection

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.


negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


DCAM_HUMAN S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme (sprot)

A SAM decarboxylase proenzyme that is encoded in the genome of human.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H+ = S-adenosylmethioninamine + CO2.


ATTY_HUMAN Tyrosine aminotransferase (sprot)

A tyrosine aminotransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


TPH1_HUMAN Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 (sprot)

A tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


aromatic amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


serotonin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


regulation of hemostasis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.


ACHB2_HUMAN Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 (sprot)

A neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


quaternary ammonium group binding

Binding to a quaternary ammonium group, including glycine betaine, choline, carnitine and proline. A quaternary ammonium group is any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.


vestibulocochlear nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibulocochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


lateral geniculate nucleus development

The progression of the lateral geniculate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processor of visual information received from the retina.


regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


positive regulation of dopamine secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


negative regulation of action potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


synaptic transmission involved in micturition

The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.


response to acetylcholine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetylcholine stimulus.


PYRG1_HUMAN CTP synthase 1 (sprot)

A CTP synthase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CTP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UTP + glutamine + H20= ADP + phosphate + CTP + glutamate.


'de novo' CTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) from simpler components.


cytoophidium

A subcellular filamentary structure where CTP synthase is compartmentalized in a range of organisms including bacteria, yeast, fruit fly, rat and human.


EGLN_HUMAN Endoglin (sprot)

An endoglin that is encoded in the genome of human.


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition

A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


signaling receptor activator activity

The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.


cardiac ventricle morphogenesis

The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


cardiac atrium morphogenesis

The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


venous blood vessel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart.


extracellular matrix constituent secretion

The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell.


positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.


DDX5_HUMAN Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5 (sprot)

A probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MH2 domain binding

Binding to a MH2 (MAD homology 2) protein domain. The MH2 domain is found at the carboxy-terminus of MAD related proteins such as Smads. The MH2 domain mediates interaction with a wide variety of proteins and provides specificity and selectivity to Smad function and also is critical for mediating interactions in Smad oligomers.


primary miRNA processing

A process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule.


miRNA transcription

The cellular synthesis of microRNA (miRNA) transcripts. MicroRNA genes are synthesized as primary (pri) miRNA transcripts and subsequently processed to produce the ~22nt miRNAs that function in gene regulation.


regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.


PFKAL_HUMAN ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, liver type (sprot)

An ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, liver type that is encoded in the genome of human.


XBP1_HUMAN X-box-binding protein 1 (sprot)

An X-box-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sterol homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sterol within an organism or cell.


cellular response to fructose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus.


positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.


positive regulation of lactation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.


response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.


SAP3_HUMAN Ganglioside GM2 activator (sprot)

A ganglioside GM2 activator that is encoded in the genome of human.


sphingolipid activator protein activity

Any of a group of peptide cofactors of enzymes for the lysosomal degradation of sphingolipids. They stimulate various enzymes, including glucosylceramidase, galactosylceramidase, cerebroside-sulfatase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, and sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase.


beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminides.


CR1_HUMAN Complement receptor type 1 (sprot)

A complement receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


negative regulation of plasma cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.


ATP export

The directed movement of ATP out of a cell or organelle.


complement component C4b receptor activity

Combining with the C4b product of the classical complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


complement component C3b receptor activity

Combining with the C3b product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


The process of immune complex clearance by erythrocytes. The process often starts with binding of complement receptor 1 (CR1) on the surface of erythrocytes to a complement coated immune complex. The complex bound to erythrocyte CR1 is then transported to the liver or spleen where it is presented to phagocytes. The process ends when the complex is removed from CR1, allowing the erythrocyte to return to general circulation.


negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.


LEG3_HUMAN Galectin-3 (sprot)

A galectin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of endocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.


regulation of T cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process.


regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.


negative regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.


negative regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


negative regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.


IBP3_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein tyrosine phosphatase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a phosphotyrosine phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a tyrosyl phenolic group of a protein.


SPI1_HUMAN Transcription factor PU.1 (sprot)

A transcription factor PU.1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NFAT protein binding

Binding to NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) proteins, a family of transcription factors. NFAT proteins have crucial roles in the development and function of the immune system.


pro-T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed.


myeloid leukocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage.


endothelial to hematopoietic transition

The generation of hematopoietic stem cells from hemogenic endothelial cells by a process that includes tight-junction dissolution and loss of cell polarity followed by delamination from the endothelium.


negative regulation of protein localization to chromatin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to chromatin.


positive regulation of antifungal innate immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.


regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.


VGFR1_HUMAN Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (sprot)

A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


placental growth factor receptor activity

Combining with placental growth factor (PlGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


PRS6A_HUMAN 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A (sprot)

A 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A that is encoded in the genome of human.


proteasome-activating activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, which promotes unfolding of protein substrates, and channel opening of the core proteasome.


modulation by host of viral transcription

Any process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


TCPA_HUMAN T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha (sprot)

A T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


chaperonin-containing T-complex

A multisubunit ring-shaped complex that mediates protein folding in the cytosol without a cofactor.


zona pellucida receptor complex

A multisubunit complex comprising the chaperonin-containing T-complex and several other components involved in mediating sperm-oocyte Interaction.


PTN1_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of receptor catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process.


cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


LOX12_HUMAN Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12 (sprot)

A polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


leukotriene A4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene A4.


hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8x,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate + H2O = (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8x,11x,12S)-8,11,12-trihydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate.


unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.


lipoxin B4 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoxin B4. Lipoxin B4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds.


IBP2_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


ERCC2_HUMAN General transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPD (sprot)

A general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPD that is encoded in the genome of human.


5'-3' DNA helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


The nucleotide-excision repair process that carries out preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the global genome nucleotide excision repair pathway.


transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at an RNA polymerase I specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase I.


hair follicle maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state.


transcription factor TFIIH core complex

The 7 subunit core of TFIIH that is a part of either the general transcription factor holo-TFIIH or the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. In S. cerevisiae/humans the complex is composed of: Ssl2/XPB, Tfb1/p62, Tfb2/p52, Ssl1/p44, Tfb4/p34, Tfb5/p8 and Rad3/XPD.


transcription factor TFIIH holo complex

A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex.


CAK-ERCC2 complex

A protein complex formed by the association of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase (CAK) holoenzyme complex with ERCC2.


BMP7_HUMAN Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (sprot)

A bone morphogenetic protein 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


pericardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized.


neural fold elevation formation

The process in which the lateral borders of the neural plate begin to migrate upwards to form the neural folds, caused by the proliferation of the underlying mesoderm.


heart trabecula morphogenesis

The process of shaping a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis

Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.


metanephric mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.


nephrogenic mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephrogenic mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.


metanephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a metanephric mesenchymal cell population.


mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis

Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in nephron morphogenesis.


allantois development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an allantois over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


RL35A_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein eL33 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L35a that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITB5_HUMAN Integrin beta-5 (sprot)

An integrin beta-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARF4_HUMAN ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (sprot)

An ADP-ribosylation factor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


ADA2B_HUMAN Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor (sprot)

An alpha-2B adrenergic receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.


RL7_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein uL30 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EGR1_HUMAN Early growth response protein 1 (sprot)

An early growth response protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hemi-methylated DNA-binding

Binding to double-stranded hemi-methylated DNA at replication foci (one strand methylated, while the other strand is unmethylated). Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.


regulation of protein sumoylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


positive regulation of hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.


circadian temperature homeostasis

Any homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.


glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells, resulting in the expansion of the population.


positive regulation of glomerular metanephric mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


cellular response to interleukin-8

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-8 stimulus.


positive regulation of post-translational protein modification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.


regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone biosynthetic process.


VINC_HUMAN Vinculin (sprot)

A vinculin that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of protein localization to adherens junction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


podosome ring

The ring structure surrounding the podosome core, containing proteins such as vinculin and talin.


GPX2_HUMAN Glutathione peroxidase 2 (sprot)

A glutathione peroxidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


S5A1_HUMAN 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 (sprot)

A 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + reduced acceptor.


amide binding

Binding to an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid + NADP+ = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + H+ + NADPH.


response to follicle-stimulating hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.


LBP_HUMAN Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (sprot)

A lipopolysaccharide-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


lipopeptide binding

Binding to a lipopeptide, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds and containing a nonprotein group consisting of a lipid or lipids.


lipopolysaccharide transport

The directed movement of lipopolysaccharides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


positive regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


PTPRA_HUMAN Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARY1_HUMAN Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (sprot)

An arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GBRB1_HUMAN Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 (sprot)

A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


GBRG2_HUMAN Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 (sprot)

A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PACA_HUMAN Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (sprot)

A pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide activity

The action characteristic of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, a peptide produced in the hypothalamus that binds to receptors to exert pleiotropic effects including control of neurotransmitter release, vasodilation, bronchodilation, activation of intestinal motility, increase in insulin and histamine secretion, immune modulation, and stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation.


IL1RA_HUMAN Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (sprot)

An interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


interleukin-1, type I receptor binding

Binding to a Type I interleukin-1 receptor.


interleukin-1, type II receptor binding

Binding to a Type II interleukin-1 receptor.


interleukin-1 receptor antagonist activity

Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to the interleukin-1 receptor complex.


interleukin-1 type I receptor antagonist activity

Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to interleukin-1 type I receptors.


interleukin-1 type II receptor antagonist activity

Blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to interleukin-1 type II receptors.


CNRG_HUMAN Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma (sprot)

A retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITB6_HUMAN Integrin beta-6 (sprot)

An integrin beta-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Langerhans cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a Langerhans cell.


RHCE_HUMAN Blood group Rh(CE) polypeptide (sprot)

A blood group Rh(CE) polypeptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


SON_HUMAN Protein SON (sprot)

A SON protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


NELFE_HUMAN Negative elongation factor E (sprot)

A negative elongation factor E that is encoded in the genome of human.


NELF complex

A complex of five proteins, designated NELF-A, -B, -C, -D, and -E in human, that can physically associate with RNP polymerase II to induce transcriptional pausing.


RL17_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein uL22 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LAG3_HUMAN Lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (sprot)

A lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


PGAM1_HUMAN Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (sprot)

A phosphoglycerate mutase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the pentose-phosphate shunt, the process in which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis.


RCC1_HUMAN Regulator of chromosome condensation (sprot)

A regulator of chromosome condensation that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADA2C_HUMAN Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor (sprot)

An alpha-2C adrenergic receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


SDC1_HUMAN Syndecan-1 (sprot)

A syndecan-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATF1_HUMAN Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATF1-ATF4 transcription factor complex

Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF1 and ATF4 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') of the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter. Involved in the ER stress response pathway.


ATF3_HUMAN Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3 (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.


CHOP-ATF3 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) subunits.


ATF4_HUMAN Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.


L-asparagine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


HRI-mediated signaling

A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via HRI (also known as EIF2AK1), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals, such as heme deficiency, oxidative stress, osmotic shock, mitochondrial dysfunction and heat shock.


Lewy body core

The center portion of a Lewy body. In Parkinson's disease, it contains a matted meshwork of filaments.


CHOP-ATF4 complex

A heterodimeric transcription factor complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4, also known as cAMP response element binding protein-2/CREB-2) subunits.


ATF6A_HUMAN Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.


DNLI1_HUMAN DNA ligase 1 (sprot)

A DNA ligase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another. This reaction requires an energy source such as ATP or NAD+.


ATP5J_HUMAN ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial (sprot)

An ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


XRCC1_HUMAN DNA repair protein XRCC1 (sprot)

A DNA repair protein XRCC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


oxidized DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized residue.


ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding

Binding to a protein upon ADP-ribosylation of the target protein.


voluntary musculoskeletal movement

The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system that can be controlled at will.


positive regulation of DNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligase activity.


K1C15_HUMAN Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 15 (sprot)

A keratin, type I cytoskeletal 15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


K2C4_HUMAN Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 4 (sprot)

A keratin, type II cytoskeletal 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AMD_HUMAN Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (sprot)

A peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


peptidylglycine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glycine + ascorbate + O2 = peptidyl(2-hydroxyglycine) + dehydroascorbate + H2O.


peptidylamidoglycolate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidylamidoglycolate = peptidyl amide + glyoxylate.


peptide amidation

The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions.


fatty acid primary amide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid primary amide.


CADH2_HUMAN Cadherin-2 (sprot)

A cadherin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.


mesenchymal cell migration

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


neuroligin clustering involved in postsynaptic membrane assembly

The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the postsynaptic membrane in which neuroligins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neuroligins are neuronal cell surface proteins on the postsynaptic membrane that mediate synapse formation between neurons.


regulation of postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic density protein 95 clustering.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.


TSN8_HUMAN Tetraspanin-8 (sprot)

A tetraspanin-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GNAZ_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity

Binds to and decreases the activity adenylate cyclase.


G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding

Binding to a metabotropic serotonin receptor.


GNAT2_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-2 (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


homeostasis of number of retina cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the retina.


L-glutamate import

The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into a cell or organelle.


cone retinal bipolar cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cone retinal bipolar cell.


C11B2_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 11B that is a translation product of the CYP11B2 gene in human.


regulation of blood volume by renal aldosterone

The process in which the hormone aldosterone decreases the rate of diuresis and natriuresis resulting in increased blood volume.


ML12A_HUMAN Myosin regulatory light chain 12A (sprot)

A myosin regulatory light chain MRLC3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DCHS_HUMAN Histidine decarboxylase (sprot)

A histidine decarboxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


histidine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine = histamine + CO2.


histamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


histidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


PLCG1_HUMAN 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 (sprot)

A 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


neurotrophin TRKA receptor binding

Binding to a neurotrophin TRKA receptor.


calcium-dependent phospholipase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + choline phosphate. This reaction requires Ca2+.


UD16_HUMAN UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6 (sprot)

A UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EPOR_HUMAN Erythropoietin receptor (sprot)

An erythropoietin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


erythropoietin receptor activity

Combining with erythropoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


TNNI1_HUMAN Troponin I, slow skeletal muscle (sprot)

A troponin I, slow skeletal muscle that is encoded in the genome of human.


LFA3_HUMAN Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (sprot)

A lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VCAM1_HUMAN Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (sprot)

A vascular cell adhesion protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cell adhesion mediator activity

The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on a cell surface to an adhesion molecule on another cell surface or an external substrate, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the external substrate or to another cell.


cardiac neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the heart.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.


NUCL_HUMAN Nucleolin (sprot)

A nucleolin that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA topoisomerase binding

Binding to a DNA topoisomerase.


positive regulation of transcription of nucleolar large rRNA by RNA polymerase I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription of nuclear large rRNA mediated by RNA polymerase I.


HXK1_HUMAN Hexokinase-1 (sprot)

A hexokinase-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


glucokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-glucose = ADP + D-glucose-6-phosphate.


hexokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate.


fructokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate.


mannokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-mannose = ADP + D-mannose 6-phosphate.


glucosamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-glucosamine = ADP + D-glucosamine phosphate.


maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a mitochondrion, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


RPB3_HUMAN DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3 (sprot)

A DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RPAB1_HUMAN DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 (sprot)

A DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD53_HUMAN Leukocyte surface antigen CD53 (sprot)

A CD53 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


NDUV2_HUMAN NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

An NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ELK1_HUMAN ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 (sprot)

An ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TNNI3_HUMAN Troponin I, cardiac muscle (sprot)

A troponin I, cardiac muscle that is encoded in the genome of human.


troponin C binding

Binding to troponin C, the calcium-binding subunit of the troponin complex.


troponin T binding

Binding to troponin T, the tropomyosin-binding subunit of the troponin complex.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by ischemic conditions

The process that modulates blood pressure by the detection of carbon dioxide levels in the brain stem. Increased levels activate the sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanism increasing the force with which blood flows through the circulatory system.


cardiac Troponin complex

A complex of accessory proteins (cardiac troponin T, cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin C) found associated with actin in cardiac muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation important for muscle contraction.


TNR1A_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


tumor necrosis factor receptor activity

Combining with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages, to initiate a change in cell function.


pulmonary valve development

The progression of the pulmonary valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of extracellular matrix constituent secretion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent the controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.


tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily complex

A receptor complex that contains one or more members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily.


GGT1_HUMAN Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme (sprot)

A glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme that is encoded in the genome of human.


peptidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-tRNA(1) + aminoacyl-tRNA(2) = tRNA(1) + peptidylaminoacyl-tRNA(2). This reaction is catalyzed by a ribozyme.


leukotriene-C(4) hydrolase

Catalysis of the reaction leukotriene C(4) + H2O= leukotriene D(4) + L-glutamate.


cysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


ERCC3_HUMAN General transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPB (sprot)

A general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPB that is encoded in the genome of human.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding

The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.


RO52_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to chemical stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


negative regulation of protein deubiquitination

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein deubiquitination. Protein deubiquitination is the removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein.


TFEB_HUMAN Transcription factor EB (sprot)

A transcription factor EB that is encoded in the genome of human.


E2AK2_HUMAN Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (sprot)

An interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] = ADP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] phosphate.


regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.


FUT1_HUMAN Galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-R = GDP + alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.


fucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->2) linkage.


fucosylation

The covalent attachment of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule.


L-fucose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-fucose (6-deoxy-Lgalactose).


TFE3_HUMAN Transcription factor E3 (sprot)

A transcription factor E3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WT1_HUMAN Wilms tumor protein (sprot)

A Wilms tumor protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of DNA methylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA methylation.


regulation of animal organ formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment.


thorax and anterior abdomen determination

Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product.


gonad development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones.


adrenal cortex formation

The process that gives rise to the adrenal cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adrenogonadal primordium from which the adrenal cortex is formed derives from a condensation of coelomic epithelial cells (the urogenital ridge; the same structure from which gonads and kidney also originate).


visceral serous pericardium development

The progression of the visceral serous pericardium from its formation to the mature structure. The visceral serous pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium.


cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.


metanephric mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.


posterior mesonephric tubule development

The progression of the posterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The posterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


metanephric epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the metanephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.


negative regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


positive regulation of male gonad development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.


negative regulation of female gonad development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.


positive regulation of metanephric ureteric bud development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric ureteric bud development.


HME2_HUMAN Homeobox protein engrailed-2 (sprot)

A homeobox protein engrailed-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPEE_HUMAN Spermidine synthase (sprot)

A spermidine synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


spermidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + putrescine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermidine.


spermidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


SL9A1_HUMAN Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (sprot)

A sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).


sodium:proton antiporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a cardiac muscle cell membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out). This transfer contributes to the regulation of the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential.


cellular response to antibiotic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.


regulation of the force of heart contraction by cardiac conduction

A cardiac conduction process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.


cation-transporting ATPase complex

Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).


A1AG2_HUMAN Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2 (sprot)

An alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CSK22_HUMAN Casein kinase II subunit alpha' (sprot)

A casein kinase II subunit alpha' that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of chromosome separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation.


protein kinase CK2 complex

A protein complex that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and contains two catalytic alpha subunits and two regulatory beta subunits. Protein kinase CK2 complexes are found in nearly every subcellular compartment, and can phosphorylate many protein substrates in addition to casein.


RXRA_HUMAN Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha (sprot)

A retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA binding domain binding

Binding to a protein's DNA binding domain (DBD).


LBD domain binding

Binding to a protein's ligand binding domain (LBD) domain, found in nuclear receptors. In general, the LBDs consist of three layers comprised of twelve alpha-helices and several beta-strands that are organized around a lipophilic ligand-binding pocket.


AOC1_HUMAN Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing] (sprot)

An amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing] that is encoded in the genome of human.


diamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a diamine + H2O + O2 = a monoamine + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


histamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + H2O + O2 = imidazole-4-acetaldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


methylputrescine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylputrescine + H2O + O2 = N-methylaminobutanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


propane-1,3-diamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diamine + H2O + O2 = 3-aminopropanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


putrescine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


cellular response to copper ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of copper ions.


cellular response to azide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus.


ITIH2_HUMAN Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 (sprot)

An inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hyaluronan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


ITIH1_HUMAN Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H1 (sprot)

An inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CEL_HUMAN Bile salt-activated lipase (sprot)

A bile salt-activated lipase that is encoded in the genome of human.


NFKB1_HUMAN Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit (sprot)

A nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex

A protein complex containing an inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB/IKB) protein and one or more copies of an NF-kappaB protein. In the resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm.


CXCL2_HUMAN C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (sprot)

A C-X-C motif chemokine 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXCL3_HUMAN C-X-C motif chemokine 3 (sprot)

A C-X-C motif chemokine 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NCF2_HUMAN Neutrophil cytosol factor 2 (sprot)

A neutrophil cytosol factor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FST_HUMAN Follistatin (sprot)

A follistatin that is encoded in the genome of human.


activin receptor antagonist activity

Interacting with an activin receptor complex to reduce the action of another ligand, the agonist. A receptor antagonist does not initiate signaling upon binding to a receptor, but instead blocks an agonist from binding to the receptor.


ELAF_HUMAN Elafin (sprot)

An elafin that is encoded in the genome of human.


copulation

The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.


AMY2B_HUMAN Alpha-amylase 2B (sprot)

An alpha-amylase 2B that is encoded in the genome of human.


TYPH_HUMAN Thymidine phosphorylase (sprot)

A thymidine phosphorylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. The name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase.


thymidine phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thymidine + phosphate = thymine + 2-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine nucleoside + phosphate = pyrimidine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.


pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


dTMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate.


regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


regulation of gastric motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric motility.


AT2B1_HUMAN Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 (sprot)

A plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of calcium (Ca) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


calcium ion export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of calcium ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


photoreceptor ribbon synapse

A ribbon synapse between a retinal photoreceptor cell (rod or cone) and a retinal bipolar cell. These contain a plate-like synaptic ribbon.


CR2_HUMAN Complement receptor type 2 (sprot)

A complement receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


complement receptor activity

Combining with any component or product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


DPA1_HUMAN HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain (sprot)

An MHC class II histocompatibility antigen alpha chain DPA1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IF2B_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 2 (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TCO1_HUMAN Transcobalamin-1 (sprot)

A transcobalamin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cobalt ion transport

The directed movement of cobalt (Co) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


TCO2_HUMAN Transcobalamin-2 (sprot)

A transcobalamin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cargo receptor ligand activity

The activity of a gene product that interacts with a cargo receptor and initiates endocytosis.


ANXA7_HUMAN Annexin A7 (sprot)

An annexin A7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SDHL_HUMAN L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase (sprot)

An L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-serine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine = pyruvate + NH3.


L-serine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


pyruvate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.


CD33_HUMAN Myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 (sprot)

A CD33 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


immune response-inhibiting signal transduction

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an immune response.


PEPC_HUMAN Gastricsin (sprot)

A gastricsin that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLK2_HUMAN Kallikrein-2 (sprot)

A kallikrein-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ISK2_HUMAN Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 2 (sprot)

A serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


acrosome assembly

The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi.


CAP7_HUMAN Azurocidin (sprot)

An azurocidin that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular extravasation

The migration of a leukocyte from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium

The directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


TBP_HUMAN TATA-box-binding protein (sprot)

A TATA-box-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNA polymerase transcription factor SL1 complex

A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that contains the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and at least three TBP-associated factors including proteins known in mammals as TAFI110, TAFI63 and TAFI48.


transcription factor TFIIA complex

A component of the transcription machinery of RNA Polymerase II. In humans, TFIIA is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha (P35), beta (P19) and gamma subunits (P12).


TRYB2_HUMAN Tryptase beta-2 (sprot)

A tryptase beta-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCNA2_HUMAN Cyclin-A2 (sprot)

A cyclin-A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cell cycle G1/S phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase.


cyclin A2-CDK2 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


PO3F3_HUMAN POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 3 (sprot)

A POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


forebrain ventricular zone progenitor cell division

The mitotic division of a basal progenitor giving rise to two neurons.


chemical homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical.


metanephric macula densa development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.


metanephric loop of Henle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric loop of Henle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros.


metanephric DCT cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


PO3F2_HUMAN POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 2 (sprot)

A POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


neurohypophysis development

The progression of the neurohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


CD22_HUMAN B-cell receptor CD22 (sprot)

A B-cell receptor CD22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of B cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


BTF3_HUMAN Transcription factor BTF3 (sprot)

A transcription factor BTF3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum.


AL5AP_HUMAN Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (sprot)

An arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACM3_HUMAN Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (sprot)

A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TNR1B_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.


regulation of T cell cytokine production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.


glial cell-neuron signaling

Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a glial cell to a neuron. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules, depending on which glial cells release them, and in which tissues the signalling occurs, e.g. microglial cell-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) in the retina, or microglial cell-derived superoxide ions in the cerebellum.


RAB3A_HUMAN Ras-related protein Rab-3A (sprot)

A Ras-related protein Rab-3A that is encoded in the genome of human.


constitutive secretory pathway

A process of exocytosis found in all eukaryotic cells, in which transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane leave the trans-Golgi network in a steady stream. Upon exocytosis, the membrane proteins and lipids in these vesicles provide new components for the plasma membrane, and the soluble proteins inside the vesicles are released into the extracellular space.


sensory perception of touch

The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach).


evoked neurotransmitter secretion

Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the presence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.


regulation of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of presynaptic dense core granule exocytosis.


regulation of plasma membrane repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane repair.


clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.


clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle.


clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.


RAB3B_HUMAN Ras-related protein Rab-3B (sprot)

A Ras-related protein Rab-3B that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of vesicle size

Any process that modulates the size of a vesicle.


RAB4A_HUMAN Ras-related protein Rab-4A (sprot)

A Ras-related protein Rab-4A that is encoded in the genome of human.


Rab protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


RAB5A_HUMAN Ras-related protein Rab-5A (sprot)

A Ras-related protein Rab-5A that is encoded in the genome of human.


amyloid-beta clearance by transcytosis

The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by cell surface receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier.


receptor internalization involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway

A receptor internalization process that contributes to canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


regulation of autophagosome assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.


cytoplasmic side of early endosome membrane

The side (leaflet) of the early endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


RAB6A_HUMAN Ras-related protein Rab-6A (sprot)

A Ras-related protein Rab-6A that is encoded in the genome of human.


peptidyl-cysteine methylation

The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine.


minus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of an organelle towards the minus end of a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.


protein localization to Golgi membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Golgi membrane.


endosome to plasma membrane transport vesicle

A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the endosome to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to deliver lipids and membrane proteins to the plasma membrane and to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.


TKN1_HUMAN Protachykinin-1 (sprot)

A protachykinin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


detection of abiotic stimulus

The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


MCH_HUMAN Pro-MCH (sprot)

A pro-MCH that is encoded in the genome of human.


melanin-concentrating hormone activity

The action characteristic of melanin-concentrating hormone, a cyclic peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, induces melanin aggregation in melanocytes, and is also involved in regulating food intake and energy balance in mammals.


NR1D1_HUMAN Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (sprot)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle.


positive regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.


TRH_HUMAN Pro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone (sprot)

A pro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRVA_HUMAN Parvalbumin alpha (sprot)

A parvalbumin alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


MSH3_HUMAN DNA mismatch repair protein Msh3 (sprot)

A DNA mismatch repair protein Msh3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


guanine/thymine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a G/T mispair.


single guanine insertion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single guanine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired guanine.


dinucleotide repeat insertion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a dinucleotide repeat insertion or a deletion resulting in unpaired dinucleotide repeats.


maintenance of DNA repeat elements

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements.


negative regulation of DNA recombination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.


positive regulation of helicase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a helicase.


MutSbeta complex

A heterodimer involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH3.


MX1_HUMAN Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 (sprot)

An interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MX2_HUMAN Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 (sprot)

An interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ANPRB_HUMAN Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (sprot)

An atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cumulus cell differentiation

The process in which a subpopulation of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte acquires the specialized features of an ovarian cumulus cell.


vestibulocochlear nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vestibulocochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


response to luteinizing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.


genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal.


gastric emptying

The process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


activation of meiosis involved in egg activation

Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis in an egg after the egg has been fertilized or physiologically activated. Eggs generally arrest in meiosis and complete the process after activation.


c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another using c-di-GMP as the signal.


response to salt

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.


PSB1_HUMAN Proteasome subunit beta type-1 (sprot)

A proteasome subunit beta type-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MPRD_HUMAN Cation-dependent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (sprot)

A cation-dependent mannose-6-phosphate receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


secretion of lysosomal enzymes

The controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell.


ATP4A_HUMAN Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 (sprot)

A potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


P-type potassium:proton transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out) + K+(in).


regulation of proton transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complex

A protein complex that possesses hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity; characterized in animal cells, where it maintains ionic gradients of K+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis; The complex contains two obligatory subunits, the catalytic alpha subunit and a glycosylated beta subunit; two additional subunits, gamma and channel-inducing factor (CHIF), may also be present.


H2A1D_HUMAN Histone H2A type 1-D (sprot)

A histone H2A type 1-D that is encoded in the genome of human.


COX5A_HUMAN Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial (sprot)

A cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


LMNB1_HUMAN Lamin-B1 (sprot)

A lamin-B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITAL_HUMAN Integrin alpha-L (sprot)

An integrin alpha-L that is encoded in the genome of human.


memory T cell extravasation

The migration of a memory T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A memory T cell is a distinctly differentiated long-lived T cell that has the phenotype CD45RO-positive and CD127-positive.


ITAX_HUMAN Integrin alpha-X (sprot)

An integrin alpha-X that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.


DDC_HUMAN Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (sprot)

An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-amino acid + H+ = R-H + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + serotonin.


L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopa + H+ = CO2 + dopamine.


GRAH_HUMAN Granzyme H (sprot)

A granzyme H that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXA5_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A5 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.


trachea cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage in the trachea are generated and organized.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted.


PZP_HUMAN Pregnancy zone protein (sprot)

A pregnancy zone protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


BCL3_HUMAN B-cell lymphoma 3 protein (sprot)

A B-cell lymphoma 3 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


follicular dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a follicular dendritic cell.


response to UV-C

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


regulation of DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


Bcl3-Bcl10 complex

A protein complex containing Bcl3 and Bcl10, which forms when Akt1 is activated by TNF-alpha to phosphorylate Bcl10; the Bcl3-Bcl10 complex is translocated to the nucleus.


Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex

A protein complex containing one Bcl protein and one or more copies of NF-kappaB2; formation of complexes of different stoichiometry depends on the Bcl3:NF-kappaB2 ratio, and allow Bcl3 to exert different regulatory effects on NF-kappaB2-dependent transcription.


MIME_HUMAN Mimecan (sprot)

A mimecan that is encoded in the genome of human.


NTF3_HUMAN Neurotrophin-3 (sprot)

A neurotrophin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAK_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase MAK (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase MAK that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of non-motile cilium assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-motile cilium assembly.


EDN2_HUMAN Endothelin-2 (sprot)

An endothelin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hormonal regulation of the force of heart contraction

The process in which the hormones modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal

Any process which increases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


cell tip growth

Growth that occurs specifically at the tip of a cell.


CAN3_HUMAN Calpain-3 (sprot)

A calpain-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ligase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a ligase.


negative regulation of protein sumoylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


G1 to G0 transition involved in cell differentiation

A cell cycle arrest process that results in arrest during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters G0 phase, in the context of cell differentiation.


cellular response to salt stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


calcium-dependent self proteolysis

The calcium-dependent hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.


IL11_HUMAN Interleukin-11 (sprot)

An interleukin-11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


interleukin-11 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-11 receptor.


ICAL_HUMAN Calpastatin (sprot)

A calpastatin that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a calcium-dependent cysteine-type endopeptidase, any enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in polypeptides by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile in a calcium-dependent manner.


inhibition of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

Any process that prevents the activation of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase.


presynaptic active zone organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic active zone.


CP2B6_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2B6 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2B6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: testosterone + donor-H2 + O2 = 16-alpha-hydroxytestosterone + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + testosterone = 16beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


cellular ketone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


CP3A5_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 3A5 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 3A5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HNF1A_HUMAN Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha (sprot)

A hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of pronephros size

Any process that modulates the size of a pronephric kidney.


EFNA1_HUMAN Ephrin-A1 (sprot)

An ephrin-A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation

A transition where an endocardial cushion cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of a cardiac valve.


notochord formation

The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.


regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


negative regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


negative regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process.


IMDH1_HUMAN Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (sprot)

An inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A1ATR_HUMAN Alpha-1-antitrypsin-related protein (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the SERPINA2 gene in human.


CO9A1_HUMAN Collagen alpha-1(IX) chain (sprot)

A collagen alpha-1(IX) chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


collagen type IX trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type IX alpha chains in alpha1(IX)alpha2(IX)alpha3(IX) trimers; type IX collagen triple helices associate to form a structure that links glycosaminoglycans to type II collagen fibrils.


C4BPB_HUMAN C4b-binding protein beta chain (sprot)

A C4b-binding protein beta chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2A7_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2A7 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2A that is a translation product of the CYP2A7 gene in human.


CO5A1_HUMAN Collagen alpha-1(V) chain (sprot)

A collagen alpha-1(V) chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


integrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules.


regulation of cellular component organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.


MAG_HUMAN Myelin-associated glycoprotein (sprot)

A myelin-associated glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


compact myelin

The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.


mesaxon

Portion of the ensheathing process (either myelin or non-myelin) where the enveloping lips of the ensheathing cell come together so that their apposed plasma membranes run parallel to each other, separated by a cleft 12 nm wide.


NEBU_HUMAN Nebulin (sprot)

A nebulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


somatic muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic muscles are striated muscle structures that connect to the exoskeleton or cuticle.


regulation of actin filament length

Any process that controls the length of actin filaments in a cell.


FILA_HUMAN Filaggrin (sprot)

A filaggrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


An N(4)-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H+.


RASA1_HUMAN Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (sprot)

A Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of RNA metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.


PHOS_HUMAN Phosducin (sprot)

A phosducin that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTMS_HUMAN Parathymosin (sprot)

A parathymosin that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD3Z_HUMAN T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain (sprot)

A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRPS3_HUMAN Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 3 (sprot)

A ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD11B_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinase 11B (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinase 11B that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of mRNA processing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing, those processes involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into a mature mRNA prior to its translation into polypeptide.


ENDOU_HUMAN Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (sprot)

A uridylate-specific endoribonuclease that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAL_HUMAN Myelin and lymphocyte protein (sprot)

A myelin and lymphocyte protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


structural constituent of myelin sheath

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the myelin sheath of a nerve.


protein localization to paranode region of axon

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the paranode region of an axon.


protein insertion into plasma membrane

The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a plasma membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


hinge region between urothelial plaques of apical plasma membrane

A narrow rim of non-thickened membrane in between urothelial plaques in apical plasma membrane.


FUT3_HUMAN 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT3 (sprot)

A 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = GDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,4)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = GDP + 1,4-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,3)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->3) linkage.


cell-cell recognition

Cell recognition between cells. May involve the formation of specialized cell junctions.


macromolecule glycosylation

The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


PTN_HUMAN Pleiotrophin (sprot)

A pleiotrophin that is encoded in the genome of human.


ossification involved in bone remodeling

The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli.


dendrite arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated and organized into dendritic branches.


GSTM3_HUMAN Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 (sprot)

A glutathione S-transferase mu 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VATB2_HUMAN V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform (sprot)

A V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


VATC1_HUMAN V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 (sprot)

A V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex

A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible.


CSRP1_HUMAN Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1 (sprot)

A cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FLNA_HUMAN Filamin-A (sprot)

A filamin-A that is encoded in the genome of human.


tubulin deacetylation

The removal of an acetyl group from tubulin. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


establishment of Sertoli cell barrier

Establishment of a structure near the basement membrane in adjacent Sertoli cells of the seminiferous epithelium for maintaining spermatogenesis. The structure consists of tight junctions, basal ectoplasmic specializations, and desmosome-like junctions.


protein localization to bicellular tight junction

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a bicellular tight junction.