regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-cysteine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-cysteine.


cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the dorsal spinal cord cell population.


beta-alanopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-beta-alanopine + H2O + NAD+ = beta-alanine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


negative regulation of dauer larval development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


negative regulation of post-embryonic development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.


negative regulation of dauer entry

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.


negative regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


negative regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


negative regulation of pupariation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of onset of pupariation.


negative regulation of flower development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


negative regulation of lateral root development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.


negative regulation of stomatal complex development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.


negative regulation of nematode larval development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.


negative regulation of vulval development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


negative regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.


negative regulation of seed germination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.


negative regulation of thermomorphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thermomorphogenesis.


photosystem II assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms.


photosystem II oxygen evolving complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II on a thylakoid membrane. The OEC protects the calcium-4 manganese-5 oxide cluster which is bound to the D1 and CP43 proteins. The exact protein composition of the OEC varies between cyanobacteria and plants, and in plants consists of three extrinsic nuclear-encoded polypeptides: PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ.


glutamate receptor clustering

The neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering process in which glutamate receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


ciliary receptor clustering involved in smoothened signaling pathway

Grouping of smoothened or patched receptors in a cilium, contributing to the smoothened signaling pathway.


cardiac left atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.


cardiac right atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.


L-proline betaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.


snRNA capping

The addition of a methylphosphate cap at the 5'-end of 7SK snRNA (7SK RNA). Capping 7SK RNA stabilizes it.


alignment of 3' and 5' splice sites of mRNA

Recognition of both the 5' and 3'-splice sites and positioning them in the correct alignment with respect to each other so that the second catalytic step of nuclear mRNA splicing can occur.


response to host iron concentration

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting iron concentration in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


aromatic primary alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic primary alcohol.


regulation of multivesicular body size involved in endosome transport

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles.


regulation of post-lysosomal vacuole size

Any process that modulates the volume of a post-lysosomal vacuole, a membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.


regulation of multivesicular body size involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin.


microtubule site clamp

The binding activity of a molecule that attaches the spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating epinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway

A cellular carbohydrate catabolic process that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and either glyceraldehyde or glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by dehydration and aldol cleavage via a gluconate or 6-phosphogluconate intermediate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through 6-phosphogluconate

A pathway that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration.


adenosine salvage

Any process that generates adenosine, adenine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


cellulose catabolism by endo-processive cellulases

The breakdown into simpler components of cellulose. Catabolism is initiated by endohydrolytic attacks on the cellulose chain, and the resulting pieces are further degraded by cellulase enzymes to produce smaller and smaller fragments.


beta-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-glucans.


anaerobic cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, in absence of oxygen.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


(1->6)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.


cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


actinomycete-type spore formation

The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed from a substrate mycelium; characteristic of many members of the order Actinomycetales.


reproductive process in single-celled organism

A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a single-celled organism.


mating type switching

The conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.


sexual macrocyst formation

The fusion of haploid amoebae cells with matching mating types to form a larger cell, which ingests additional amoebae and forms a cellulose wall. The resulting macrocyst undergoes recombination and meiosis followed by release of haploid amoebae. An example of this process can be found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


cytogamy

During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


mating-type locus imprinting

A genomic imprinting process in which a stable single-strand DNA lesion triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


negative regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


negative regulation of timing of exogen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.


positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + methanethiol = L-methionine + acetate. Also reacts with other thiols and H2S, producing homocysteine or thioethers.


pole cell migration

The directed movement of a pole cell (germline progenitors in insects) from its site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form.


cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-arginine-adding)

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp + L-arginine = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n+1.


aldonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aldonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


maintenance of stationary phase in response to toxin

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to a build-up of toxins in the environment.


regulation of keratinocyte migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-mannosamine + NAD+ = N-acyl-D-mannosaminolactone + H+ + NADH.


posterior neural plate formation

The formation of posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity.


discadenine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-dimethylallyladenine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + discadenine + H+.


ripoptosome assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to apoptosis via the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)benzoate + H+ + UDP.


anoxia protection

Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from anoxia, which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to anoxia.


oculomotor nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


positive regulation of protein refolding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein refolding.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichol-phosphate + UDP-D-xylose = dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + UDP.


N6-methyl-lysine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-methyl-L-lysine + H2O + O2 = L-lysine + formaldehyde + H2O2.


interleukin-35 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-35 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to homocysteine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.


quercetin 3-sophoroside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl(1->2)glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP + H+.


actin cortical patch organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis.


regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


epithalamus development

The progression of the epithalamus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle.


enone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an enone + NADPH + H+ = a ketone + NADP+.


mediolateral intercalation

The interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


quercitrinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + quercitrin = L-rhamnose + quercetin.


beta-alanine catabolic process to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis.


succinylornithine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


diakinesis

The cell cycle phase which follows diplotene during prophase I of meiosis, the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-(3S,4R)-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofluorene = 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


regulation of seed germination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.


lung pattern specification process

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the lung, to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


geraniol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving geraniol.


arginine deiminase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine and CO2, using the enzyme arginine deiminase.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde + O2 + H2O <=> H+ + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + hydrogen peroxide.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.


vellosimine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + vellosimine.


3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


sulfate adenylyltransferase (ADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H+ + sulfate = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + phosphate.


regulation of D-xylose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose.


establishment of localization

Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.


heart rudiment involution

The inward folding of myocardial tissue derived from the right half of the heart rudiment that will form the future ventral part of the heart tube.


Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-phenylalanine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.


mannitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate + carbamoyl-phosphate = phosphate + a 3-carbamoyloxymethylcephem.


glucose catabolic process to pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of pyruvate.


negative regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.


hyphopodium formation

The process in which a specialized structure, consisted of stalked, thick-walled, lobed cells of vegetative epiphytic hyphae, is formed, to attach and penetrate the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I transmembrane protein complex. One mechanism of suppression is by direct inhibition of host tapasin, a type I transmembrane protein essential for the optimal expression of stable MHC class I molecules on the host cell surface. By inhibiting host tapasin activity, viruses can prevent presentation of their antigens at the cell surface, and thereby evade the host anti-viral immune response.


cellular component disassembly

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component.


induction by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

The activation by a symbiont of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


scutellarein 7-methyl ether 4'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scutellarein 7-methyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> ladanein + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


pyrogallol 1,2-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + pyrogallol = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + 2 H+.


ephedrine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,2S)-ephedrine + NAD+ = (R)-2-methylimino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol + 2 H+ + NADH.


regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


inositol tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (containing 2-phosphate) + ADP.


guard cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the guard cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + H+ + an anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside = coenzyme A + H+ + an anthocyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucoside].


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


trichodiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trichodiene.


modulation of host virulence by virus

A process by which a virus improves the virulence of its host for that host's respective host. Common in but not limited to bacteriophages; also occurs in phage-bearing bacteria infecting plants or animals for example. Mechanisms include the expression of factors that modulate a bacterial adhesion to a host cell, spread through host tissues, production of exotoxins or provide protection against host immune defenses.


coenzyme M biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme M (2-thioethansulfonate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.


lateral line nerve glial cell migration

The movement of a glial cell along the axons in a lateral line nerve.


5S rRNA primary transcript binding

Binding to an unprocessed 5S ribosomal RNA transcript.


Catalysis of the reactions: taurochenodeoxycholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = taurohyocholate + NADP+ + H2O, and lithocholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hyodeoxycholate + NADP+ + H2O.


cytokinin receptor activity

Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


non-myelinated axon ensheathment in central nervous system

The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane encircles an axon in the central nervous system.


trans-ACOHDA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate + H2O = fumarylpyruvate + NH3.


GAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAA codon.


6-phospho-beta-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-phospho-beta-D-galactoside + H2O = 6-phospho-D-galactose + an alcohol.


rosmarinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate = CoA + rosmarinate.


proteasome-nuclear membrane anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a proteasome complex and a nuclear inner membrane, to maintain the nuclear membrane localization of the proteasome.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.


post-embryonic animal morphogenesis

The process, occurring after animal embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


negative regulation of muscle atrophy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle atrophy.


negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.


ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


response to low humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of low humidity stimulus, reduced moisture in the atmosphere.


positive regulation of hypoxanthine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


negative regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: tricoumaroyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: oxalate + succinyl-CoA = oxalyl-CoA + succinate.


photorespiration

A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria.


funalenone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of funalenone.


morphogenesis of an epithelial bud

The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from an epithelial sheet. A bud is a protrusion that forms form the sheet by localized folding.


regulation of systemic acquired resistance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


renal capsule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a renal capsule from unspecified parts. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.


negative regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


choline sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + choline = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + choline sulfate + H+.


steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


G protein-coupled purinergic receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular purine or purine derivative binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


negative regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.


maintenance of protein location in chloroplast

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a chloroplast, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-L-dihydrostreptose + streptidine 6-phosphate = O-(1->4)-alpha-L-dihydrostreptosyl-streptidine 6-phosphate + dTDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone.


negative regulation of foraging behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.


Lands organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Lands, a class of nuclear body that react against SP140 auto-antibodies.


regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,3'-dimethylquercetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> quercetin 3,4'-O-diglucoside + UDP(3-).


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-beta-hydroxytaxusin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2alpha, 7-beta-dihydroxytaxusin + NADP + H2O.


anterior neural plate formation

The formation of anterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


menstrual cycle

A type of ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.


envenomation resulting in muscle damage in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism.


benzoylformate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoylformate = benzaldehyde + CO2.


germacrene C synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = germacrene C + diphosphoric acid.


viral capsid assembly

The assembly of a virus capsid from its protein subunits.


Catalysis of the transfer of an oleoyl (systematic name, (9Z)-octadecenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] = diphosphate + adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].


glutamate catabolic process to 4-hydroxybutyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into 4-hydroxybutyrate.


regulation of galactomannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.


maltodextrin water dikinase

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a maltodextrin = AMP + hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin.


poly(alpha-L-guluronate) lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing a terminal alpha-L-guluronate group = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing a terminal a-L-guluronate group, to give oligopolysaccharides with 4-deoxy-a-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.


envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.


mitigation of host defenses by symbiont

A process by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense response. The host defense response is mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a neuropeptide.


response to ribavirin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ribavirin stimulus.


choline biosynthetic process via N-monomethylethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate N-monomethylethanolamine.


regulation of stomatal complex development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.


proton motive force-driven plasma membrane ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across the plasma membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5B + S-adenosylmethionine = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 6A.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


inclusion body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.


dense core granule docking

The initial attachment of a dense core granule membrane to the plasma membrane.


protein-glycine ligase activity, elongating

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a glycine residue covalently attached to the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue on a target protein, resulting in the elongation of a polyglycine side chain.


isopeptide cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within peptide chains, where either the amino group or the carboxyl group, or both, are not attached to the alpha carbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + NAD(P)+ = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + NAD(P)H + H+.


iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide

The incorporation of iron and molybdenum into a Mo-7Fe-8S iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide, found in nitrogenase.


ethylene-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the reception of ethylene (ethene, C2H4) by a receptor and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


gliotoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.


alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltopentaose

The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltopentaose.


response to carbendazim

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.


arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + NH3.


protein catabolic process at presynapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a presynapse.


mannoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


The attachment of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane to a peroxisome via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.


pentitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(P)+ = 3-sulfopyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+.


cyclohexanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexanol, the monohydroxy derivative of cyclohexane. It is used as a solvent and blending agent.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol <=> (3Z)-hex-3-en-1-yl acetate + coenzyme A.


prenylcysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


palmitic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of palmitic acid.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness.


(-)-secologanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secologanin.


L-rhamnose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnofuranose + NAD+ = L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H+ + NADH.


geranial dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranial + NAD+ + OH- = geranylate + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate, an aromatic hydrocarbon.


regulation of seed growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the seed of an plant.


rubrospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord.


endosulfan monooxygenase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan sulfate + H2O.


peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamine

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine residues by deamidation and esterification with omega-hydroxyceramide.


integument development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the integument over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Integument is one of the layers of tissue that usually covers the ovule, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex.


octanoic acid binding

Binding to octanoic acid.


basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

Any basement membrane assembly that is involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.


follicle cell of egg chamber-cell adhesion

The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


NADH regeneration

A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADH by the reduction of NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + progesterone = 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + A + H2O.


norbixin methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: norbixin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> bixin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


dauer entry

Entry into the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


tRNA uridine(34) acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uridine(34) in tRNA = 5'-deoxyadenosine + carboxymethyluridine(34) in tRNA + CoA + 2 H+ + L-methionine.


Catalysis of the reaction: sterol + 1,2-diacylglycerol = sterol ester + acylglycerol.


deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage near pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.


ventral aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ventral aorta are generated and organized. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


cardiac glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-9,10-dihydrodiol.


autolysis

A programmed cell death process observed in bacteria and filamentous fungi and leading to spontaneous death by lysis. Examples are lysis of the mother cell during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis and self-degradation of fungal cells in Aspergillus nidulans. Autolysis is also involved in bacterial biofilm formation.


N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation involved in translation

An N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation process that contributes to translation.


protein localization to microtubule minus-end

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule minus-end.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


regulation of autophagic cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.


spindle checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that that controls a cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticulinium(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> (R)-laudanine(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


malonate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonate = acetate + malonyl-CoA.


regulation of Kit signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.


1,2-dichloroethane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.


histone lysine demethylation

The modification of a histone by the removal of a methyl group from a lysine residue.


organomercury biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organomercury compounds, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.


maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity

Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis.


adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. An example of this is the adult cuticle pigmentation process in Drosophila melanogaster.


serine-isocitrate lyase pathway

A one-carbon metabolic process in which acetyl-CoA is produced from formaldehyde and carbon dioxide.


benzo(a)pyrene 11,12-epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-11,12-epoxide.


cellular response to proline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


suberin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols.


modulation by host of symbiont process

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


epithelial cell migration involved in nephron tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to nephron tubule morphogenesis.


F-9775A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving F-9775A.


isopentenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenol.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with other known acceptors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which phosphorus or arsenic acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a known acceptor other than disulfide, NAD or NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene-18-al + H2O + NAD+ = abieta-7,13-diene-18-oate + NADH + H+.


mesenchymal stem cell migration involved in uteric bud morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another contributing to the shaping of the ureteric bud. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


ferredoxin-NAD+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADH + H+.


regulation of ornithine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nitrile + H2O = a carboxylate + NH3. Acts on a wide range of aromatic nitriles including (indole-3-yl)-acetonitrile and some aliphatic nitriles, and on the corresponding acid amides.


7-epi-alpha-selinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> (-)-7-epi-alpha-selinene + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from peptidoglycan.


UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-arabinose = UDP-alpha-D-xylose.


preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

The first nine mitotic division cycles of the insect embryo, during which the dividing nuclei lie deep in the interior of the egg and divide nearly synchronously. This is the first phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis.


D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + acceptor = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + reduced acceptor.


myristoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myristic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + myristoyl-CoA.


regulation of lipid localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + 2 H+.


3-hydroxyphenyl propionate:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(out) + H+(out) = 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(in) + H+(in).


norepinephrine-mediated vasodilation

A vasodilation process resulting from secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


beta-catenin destruction complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin destruction complex.


epigallocatechin 3-gallate binding

Binding to epigallocatechin 3-gallate, a compound that is a gallic acid ester of a catechin.


facial nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the facial nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


lipid A phosphate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.


petromyzonol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5alpha-cholane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol = 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-yl sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


metanephric cap morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric cap are generated and organized. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + diphosphate = O-phospho-L-serine + H+ + phosphate.


benzylsuccinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + toluene = 2-benzylsuccinate.


3-dehydroquinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate = 3-dehydroquinate + phosphate.


fibroblast proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblasts, resulting in the expansion of a fibroblast population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


brassinosteroid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.


xyloglucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


regulation of leaflet formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaflet formation.


positive regulation of response to gamma radiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.


chemosensory jump behavior

The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance.


lincomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lincomycin.


solanidine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + solanidine = H+ + gamma-chaconine + UDP.


regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone, five-membered saturated heterocyclic ring structures containing a sulfur and a nitrogen in the 1-position and 2-positions respectively.


regulation of monooxygenase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a monooxygenase.


lactaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = (S)-lactate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylarsenous acid + R2S-CH3 = trimethylarsine oxide + R2SH.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including glycine and succinyl-CoA.


cap snatching

A transcription initiation process during which a nucleotide sequence between 10 and 20 nucleotides in size is cleaved from the 5' end of host mRNAs by a viral RNA-dependent polymerase. The capped leader sequence obtained is subsequently used to prime transcription on the viral genome, which ultimately leads to the synthesis of capped, translatable viral mRNAs.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + H2O.


glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which glycerol is converted into glycerone and NAD+ or NADP is reduced.


extrasynaptic signaling via GABA

Cell-cell signaling that starts with the activation of extrasynaptic GABA receptors in neurons through binding of ambient gamma-aminobutyric acid present in the extracellular fluid.


guard mother cell differentiation

The process in which a meristemoid acquires the specialized features of a guard mother cell.


imidazole N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1H-imidazole + acetyl-CoA = N-acetylimidazole + CoA.


cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment

Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.


protein-phosphocysteine-D-sorbitol-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + D-sorbitol(out) = protein cysteine + D-sorbitol-1-phosphate(in).


galactitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate + H2O = biphenyl-2-ol + sulfite.


very long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+, where the acyl group is a very long-chain fatty acid residue. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,5-dichlorocatechol + NADP+ + H2O.


cuticle development involved in chitin-based cuticle molting cycle

The synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based non-cellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.


cellular response to methotrexate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrate + NAD(P)H + H+.


peptidyl-lysine myristoylation

The myristoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-myristoyl-L-lysine.


tRNA U4 sulfurtransferase

Catalyzes the reaction: ATP + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + uracil in tRNA + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster <=> AMP + diphosphate + 4-thiouracil in tRNA + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-L-cysteine + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster.


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 1/2 O2 = glyoxylate + 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.


regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


cellular response to strigolactone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.


regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.


posterior midgut invagination

Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior.


positive regulation of transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.


endocrocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving endocrocin.


ureter smooth muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of placenta blood vessel development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of placenta blood vessel development.


eye pigment metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.


salutaridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticuline + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> salutaridine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


plant septum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


tartrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tartrate from one side of a membrane to the other. Tartrate is the anion of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, one of the aldaric acids. The L(+) enantiomer occurs widely in plants, especially in grape juice, and in fungi and bacteria.


demethylkotanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving demethylkotanin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.


peptide cross-linking via 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone

The cross-linking of a tryptophan residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of methylamine dehydrogenase.


gliotoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.


positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway, in a different organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + oxaloacetate = L-aspartate + glyoxylate.


modulation by host of viral glycoprotein metabolic process

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.


epithelial cell maturation involved in salivary gland development

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the salivary gland to attain its fully functional state.


blood microparticle formation

The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from a parent cell. A microparticle is a phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell.


toxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


chitin localization

A process in which chitin is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


L-cysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


penicillin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. Penicillins are produced naturally during the growth of various microfungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus.


RNA dihydrouridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA-uracil + NAD(P)+ = RNA-dihydrouridine + NAD(P)H + H+.


behavioral response to ether

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ether stimulus.


modulation of microtubule cytoskeleton involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

Rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that contribute to the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.


hydrogen dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + NAD+ = H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + hydrogen sulfide + O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNA(Cys) = L-cysteinyl-tRNA(Cys) + phosphate.


positive regulation of leaf development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.


gibberellin A12 16alpha,17 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 16alpha, 17-epoxy gibberellin A12 + H2O + NAD(P).


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + dolichol = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyldolichol.


nicotinamide mononucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of d-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.


negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.


nicotinate N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinate = N-methylnicotinate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


peptidyl-cysteine S-carbamoylation

The carbamoylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine.


formimidoylglutamate deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H2O = N-formyl-L-glutamate + NH3.


sno(s)RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary snoRNA family RNA transcript into a mature snoRNA (eukaryota) or sRNA (archaea).


Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.


alkanesulfonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of alkanesulfonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


ecdysis, chitin-based cuticle

The shedding of the old chitin-based cuticlar fragments during the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


negative regulation of mammary gland involution

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.


isooctane monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isooctane + 1/2 O2 = 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-pimara-9(11),15-diene + diphosphate.


tracheal pit formation in open tracheal system

Formation of the tracheal pits, the first tube-like structures to form in the open tracheal system. Once cells are determined to their tracheal cell fate, the tracheal pits arise by invagination of each ectodermal cluster of tracheal placode cells, between 5 and 7 hours after egg laying. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


mitotic M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


precorrin-3B synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + precorrin-3A = H2O + NAD+ + precorrin-3B.


lipid droplet localization to prospore membrane leading edge

Any process in which a lipid droplet is transported to, or maintained to the prospore membrane leading edge.


inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = diphospho-1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


positive regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.


inulin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inulin.


phaseollidin hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phaseollidin hydrate = H2O + phaseollidin.


chemoattraction of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to an attractive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


1,8-cineole synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) + H2O <=> 1,8-cineole + diphosphoric acid.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide.


evasion of host immune response via modulation of host antigen processing and presentation

Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host's antigen processing or presentation pathways, e.g. by blocking any stage in MHC class II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


entry into diapause

The dormancy process that results in entry into diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.


interferon-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by type II interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = luteolin-7-O-gentiobioside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of xylogalacturonate by cleavage of the alpha-(1,4)-linkage. Xylogalacturonate (XGA) is composed of a chain of alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues with beta-D-xylose substituted at the O3 position.


inulin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inulin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + NADP+ = bis-gamma-glutamylcystine + H+ + NADPH.


pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + 3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate = 2 H2O + H+ + phosphate + pyridoxine 5'-phosphate.


pigment metabolic process involved in developmental pigmentation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving biological pigments e.g. melanin, occurring as part of the development of an organ or organism.


aspartate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = D-aspartate.


transposition

Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites. For elements that are transcribed as the first step of transposition, the process starts with the transcription of the transposable element, its translation and maturation, and ending with integration into DNA. For elements that are cut out, the process starts with the excision of the donor DNA and integrated into another site.


modulation by virus of host process

The process in which a virus effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.


N-acetylgalactosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, is the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.


positive regulation of homocysteine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine.


regulation of metal ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metal ion transport. Metal ion transport is the directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.


lipoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (+)-delta-cadinene + NADPH + O2 <=> 8-hydroxy-(+)-delta-cadinene + NADP + H2O.


hydroxylamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxylamine + O2 = H2O + H+ + nitrite.


non-tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor activity

Combining with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by a mechanism independent of tyrosine kinase activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = vinylacetyl-CoA + H2O.


regulation of teliospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or over-wintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.


regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


synaptic membrane adhesion to extracellular matrix

The binding of a synaptic membrane to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


long tract gene conversion

A gene conversion process in which a segment of more than 1000 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor.


pentose catabolic process to butyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to butyrate.


base J metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving base J (beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a hypermodified thymidine residue found in the genome of kinetoplastid parasites. This modified base is localized primarily to repetitive DNA, namely the telomeres, and is implicated in the regulation of antigenic variation. The base is synthesized in a two-step pathway. Initially, a thymidine residue in DNA is hydroxylated by a thymidine hydroxylase (TH) to form the intermediate hydroxymethyluracil, which is then glucosylated to form base J.


kinetoplast DNA replication

The process of doubling of the number of maxicircles and minicircles and distribution of the progeny into two daughter networks, which are identical to the parent kinetoplast DNA network.


CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, a substance composed of the acidic sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.


cellular response to arachidonic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arachidonic acid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 8 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + CO2.


determination of left/right asymmetry in diencephalon

The establishment of the diencephalon with respect to the left and right halves.


4-hydroxy-L-threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-threonine <=> glycolaldehyde + glycine.


spheroidene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spheroidene.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate + ADP + 2 H+.


cellular response to nitrite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrite stimulus.


negative regulation of copper ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of copper ion transmembrane transport.


granulosa cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a granulosa cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a granulosa cell fate.


negative regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


GA20 2,3-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> gibberellin A5 + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


thermomorphogenesis

The suite of morphological and architectural changes in an organism induced by high ambient temperatures, below the heat-stress range.


positive regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord.


lamina terminalis formation

The process in which the anterior-most portion of the neural axis is formed by closure of the anterior neuropore.


peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of conjugation with cellular fusion.


tRNA seleno-modification

The substitution of a selenium atom for a sulfur atom in a ribonucleotide in a tRNA molecule.


cellular response to oscillatory fluid shear stress

Any response to oscillatory fluid shear stress that occurs at the level of a cell.


dimethylallyl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylallyl diphosphate.


response to aromatase inhibitor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aromatase inhibitor stimulus.


regulation of endothelial cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.


negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a retinal cone cell.


response to diosgenin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diosgenin stimulus.


cell migration involved in heart jogging

The orderly movement of a cell of the myocardium from one site to another that will contribute to heart jogging.


negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.


regulation of neutrophil aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.


negative regulation of membrane depolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization.


indoleacetic acid conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Na+(out) = K+(in) + Na+(in).


positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to salt stress

Any positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling that is involved in cellular response to salt stress.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phenylalanine(out) + H+(out) = phenylalanine(in) + H+(in).


response to quetiapine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quetiapine stimulus.


hydrogen generation via nitrogenase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of H2 (dihydrogen) which involve a nitrogenase activity as one of the steps. This process is observed in cyanobacteria.


interleukin-1 alpha production

The appearance of interleukin-1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


heterocycle catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).


low-affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


(3R)-(E)-nerolidol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O <=> (3R,6E)-nerolidol + diphosphoric acid.


glucose 1-phosphate phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into glucose 1-phosphate to produce glucose bisphosphate.


sialate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + cation(out) = sialate(in) + cation(in).


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xyloglucan side chains so as to remove unsubstituted D-xylose residues attached to the glucose located at the non-reducing terminus.


allene-oxide cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,13S,15Z)-12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9,11,15-trienoate = (15Z)-12-oxophyto-10,15-dienoate.


N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of acetylcholine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.


dGTP biosynthetic process from dGDP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including gGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.


negative regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


periclinal cell division

A cell division process where the division plane is parallel to the surface of the organ. It creates a new cell layer or cell file.


oximinotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate + acetone = acetone oxime + pyruvate.


maltose epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose = beta-maltose.


modulation by symbiont of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction in its host organism.


microtubule polymerization based movement

The movement of a cellular component as a result of microtubule polymerization.


ectodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


positive regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.


polyvinyl-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + O2 = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + H2O2.


4-hydroxyproline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. The presence of hydroxyproline is essential to produce stable triple helical tropocollagen, hence the problems caused by ascorbate deficiency in scurvy. This unusual amino acid is also present in considerable amounts in the major glycoprotein of primary plant cell walls.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: shikimate(out) + H+(out) = shikimate(in) + H+(in).


2-deoxystreptamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-deoxystreptamine.


xanthan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthan = oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl end + pyruvylate mannose. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of the terminal beta-D-mannosyl-beta-D-1,4-glucuronosyl linkage of the side-chain of the polysaccharide xanthan, leaving a 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl group at the terminus of the side-chain.


B cell antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen

B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to the B cell receptor.


inductive mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell changing the fate of the endodermal cell.


rhombomere 8 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 8 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


all-trans-geranyl-geranyl diphosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + NADPH = dihydrogeranylgeranyl-PP + NADP.


regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.


cyclopentanone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopentanone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 5-valerolactone + H2O + NADP+.


zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + (15S)-15-hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate = NAD(P)H + H+ + 15-oxo-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate.


evasion by virus of host restriction-modification system

Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus evades the DNA restriction modification system of its host. Some viruses encode their own methyltransferase in order to protect their genome from host restriction enzymes. Others directly inhibit restruction enzymes while some use unusual bases in their genome to avoid restriction.


response to molybdenum starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of molybdenum.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(3-methylthiopropyl)malate + coenzyme A.


gluconate 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


GGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGG codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-Serine + Selenohomocysteine => L-Selenocystathionine + H2O.


regulation of androstenedione secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.


nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


vistamycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vistamycin.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host membrane cholesterol

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to cholesterol on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin.


S-glycoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.


membrane repolarization during Purkinje myocyte action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the Purkinje myocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


eclosion rhythm

The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn.


P-type cobalt transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cobalt(out) = ADP + phosphate + cobalt(in).


axillary shoot meristem initiation

A developmental process that results in the initiation of an axillary shoot meristem. An axillary shoot meristem is a shoot meristem formed in the axil of a leaf.


lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


vanillin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.


response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.


4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal + NADP+ = 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H+ + NADPH.


mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


twitch skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The twitch skeletal muscle responds to neurostimulations with a contraction followed by a relaxation.