glycerol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerol from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


nitric oxide transmembrane transporter activity

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Enables the transfer of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, from one side of a membrane to the other.


carbon dioxide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carbon dioxide (CO2) from one side of a membrane to the other.


renal water transport

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The directed movement of water (H2O) by the renal system.


cerebrospinal fluid secretion

The regulated release of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the choroid plexus of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. The cerebrospinal fluid is a clear liquid that located within the ventricles, spinal canal, and subarachnoid spaces.


carbon dioxide transmembrane transport

The process in which carbon dioxide (CO2) is transported across a membrane.


lipid digestion

The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


positive regulation of saliva secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva.


corticotropin secretion

The regulated release of corticotropin by a cell. Corticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus.


cellular response to inorganic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.


cellular response to mercury ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.


metanephric descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric descending thin limb is a part of the metanephric loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle.


metanephric proximal straight tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule.


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the metanephric proximal tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride.


metanephric glomerulus vasculature development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerulus vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus.


CNGA1_HUMAN cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-1 (sprot)

A cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GNA11_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.


AL4A1_HUMAN Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


PBLD_HUMAN Phenazine biosynthesis-like domain-containing protein (sprot)

A phenazine biosynthesis-like domain-containing protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


ERP29_HUMAN Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 29 (sprot)

An endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 29 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


PRDX6_HUMAN Peroxiredoxin-6 (sprot)

A peroxiredoxin-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = phosphatidylcholine + CoA.


peroxiredoxin activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithol + ROOH = [protein]-disulfide + H2O + ROH.


BLVRB_HUMAN Flavin reductase (NADPH) (sprot)

A flavin reductase that is encoded in the genome of human.


biliverdin reductase (NAD(P)+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD(P)+ = biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+.


riboflavin reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NADP+ = riboflavin + NADPH + 2 H+.


biliberdin reductase NAD+ activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD+ = biliverdin + NADH+ H+.


biliverdin reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NADP+ = biliverdin + NADPH + H+.


PRDX5_HUMAN Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial (sprot)

A peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNA polymerase III transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region that controls the transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase III. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III.


DOPD_HUMAN D-dopachrome decarboxylase (sprot)

A D-dopachrome decarboxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


D-dopachrome decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-dopachrome + H+ = 5,6-dihydroxyindole + CO2.


GFRP_HUMAN GTP cyclohydrolase 1 feedback regulatory protein (sprot)

A GTP cyclohydrolase 1 feedback regulatory protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRDX3_HUMAN Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


alkyl hydroperoxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octane hydroperoxide + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + 1-octanol.


peptidyl-cysteine oxidation

The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid or peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid.


ATPD_HUMAN ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial (sprot)

An ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic sector F(1)

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The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.


RL12_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein uL11 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ECHM_HUMAN Enoyl-CoA hydratase, mitochondrial (sprot)

An enoyl-CoA hydratase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reactions: a (3Z)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA or a (3E)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA.


enoyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxy-fatty acyl-CoA = a enoyl-CoA + H2O. This reaction usually occurs in the reverse direction, leading to the reduction of the double bound of enoyl-CoA in position 2 or 3. Specific reactions catalyzed include: a 4-saturated-(3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a (3E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O and a (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O.


crotonyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Acetyl-CoA + [protein]-L-lysine = CoA + [protein]-N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine.


KCY_HUMAN UMP-CMP kinase (sprot)

A UMP-CMP kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


uridine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + uridine = ADP + UMP.


UMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UMP = ADP + UDP.


CMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CMP = ADP + CDP.


dCMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dCMP = ADP + dCDP.


pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


PEBP1_HUMAN Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PDIA3_HUMAN Protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (sprot)

A protein disulfide-isomerase A3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


2AAA_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


meiotic spindle elongation

The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.


mitotic sister chromatid separation

The process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.


regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.


protein phosphatase type 2A complex

A protein complex that has protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity that is polycation-stimulated (PCS), being directly stimulated by protamine, polylysine, or histone H1; it constitutes a subclass of several enzymes activated by different histones and polylysine, and consists of catalytic, scaffolding, and regulatory subunits. The catalytic and scaffolding subunits form the core enzyme, and the holoenzyme also includes the regulatory subunit.


2AAB_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD6_HUMAN T-cell differentiation antigen CD6 (sprot)

A CD6 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


CDC27_HUMAN Cell division cycle protein 27 homolog (sprot)

A cell division cycle protein 27 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of meiotic cell cycle

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


FCERG_HUMAN High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma (sprot)

A high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCND2_HUMAN G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (sprot)

A G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCND3_HUMAN G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 (sprot)

A G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WEE1_HUMAN Wee1-like protein kinase (sprot)

A Wee1-like protein kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIP_HUMAN Lens fiber major intrinsic protein (sprot)

A lens fiber major intrinsic protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


MPIP1_HUMAN M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 (sprot)

An M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphoprotein phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate. Together with protein kinases, these enzymes control the state of phosphorylation of cellular proteins and thereby provide an important mechanism for regulating cellular activity.


MPIP2_HUMAN M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 (sprot)

An M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MPIP3_HUMAN M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 (sprot)

An M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WW domain binding

Binding to a WW domain of a protein, a small module composed of 40 amino acids and plays a role in mediating protein-protein interactions via proline-rich regions.


PPIF_HUMAN Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial (sprot)

A peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism

Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed necrotic cell death

Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in programmed necrotic cell death.


mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in programmed cell death

The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of a programmed cell death process.


negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


T4S1_HUMAN Transmembrane 4 L6 family member 1 (sprot)

A transmembrane 4 L6 family member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BKRB2_HUMAN B2 bradykinin receptor (sprot)

A B2 bradykinin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


bradykinin receptor activity

Combining with bradykinin to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

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The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of osmotic stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


NKTR_HUMAN NK-tumor recognition protein (sprot)

An NK-tumor recognition protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


NMT1_HUMAN Glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


myristoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl (CH3-[CH2]12-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


HLAF_HUMAN HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F (sprot)

An MHC class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.


negative regulation of natural killer cell degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.


V2R_HUMAN Vasopressin V2 receptor (sprot)

A vasopressin V2 receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


vasopressin receptor activity

Combining with vasopressin to initiate a change in cell activity.


renal water retention

The process in which renal water excretion is decreased.


HMOX2_HUMAN Heme oxygenase 2 (sprot)

A heme oxygenase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PURA2_HUMAN Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 (sprot)

An adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


adenylosuccinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + GTP + IMP = N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP + GDP + 3 H+ + phosphate.


AMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


response to ammonium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus.


UFO_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO that is encoded in the genome of human.


forebrain cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the forebrain.


positive regulation of pinocytosis

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.


negative regulation of lymphocyte activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


SC6A1_HUMAN Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 (sprot)

A sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake

The uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


inorganic anion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of inorganic anions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


ACHA5_HUMAN Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 (sprot)

A neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AMRP_HUMAN Alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein (sprot)

An alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.


extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction

Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region.


benzodiazepine receptor activity

Combining with benzodiazepines, a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, amnestic and myorelaxant properties, to initiate a change in cell activity.


contact inhibition

The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received by direct cell-cell contact and is converted into a molecular signal, resulting in the cessation of cell growth or proliferation.


negative regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by autophagy.


negative regulation of ATP metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process.


negative regulation of corticosterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.


AA1R_HUMAN Adenosine receptor A1 (sprot)

An adenosine receptor A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


purine nucleoside binding

Binding to a purine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


regulation of glomerular filtration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


negative regulation of glutamate secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.


positive regulation of nucleoside transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of neurotrophin production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.


negative regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


GRPR_HUMAN Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (sprot)

A gastrin-releasing peptide receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


AGTR1_HUMAN Type-1 angiotensin II receptor (sprot)

An angiotensin II receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


angiotensin type I receptor activity

An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C followed by phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ signaling, and may act via additional signaling mechanisms.


positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.


phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by angiotensin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


OXYR_HUMAN Oxytocin receptor (sprot)

An oxytocin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.


response to anoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.


PUR8_HUMAN Adenylosuccinate lyase (sprot)

An adenylosuccinate lyase that is encoded in the genome of human.


N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP = fumarate + AMP.


(S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido) succinate lyase (fumarate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate = fumarate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


KPYR_HUMAN Pyruvate kinase PKLR (sprot)

A pyruvate kinase PKLR that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLIP1_HUMAN CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 1 (sprot)

A CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


microtubule plus-end

The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability.


macropinosome

A membrane-bounded, uncoated intracellular vesicle formed by the process of macropinocytosis.


SORCN_HUMAN Sorcin (sprot)

A sorcin that is encoded in the genome of human.


intracellular sequestering of iron ion

The process of binding or confining iron ions in an intracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


GNA15_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-15 (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GSTT1_HUMAN Glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (sprot)

A glutathione S-transferase theta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ILEU_HUMAN Leukocyte elastase inhibitor (sprot)

A leukocyte elastase inhibitor that is encoded in the genome of human.


GCH1_HUMAN GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (sprot)

A GTP cyclohydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = formate + 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate.


regulation of lung blood pressure

The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the lungs. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate.


pteridine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


CTR1_HUMAN High affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 (sprot)

A high affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ornithine is 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid.


L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


L-lysine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-lysine is 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


L-amino acid transport

The directed movement of L-enantiomer amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


lysine transport

The directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ornithine transport

The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-ornithine transmembrane transport

The directed movement of L-ornithine across a membrane.


L-histidine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of L-histidine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


AL1B1_HUMAN Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial (sprot)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


AL3A1_HUMAN Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring (sprot)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring that is encoded in the genome of human.


benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = benzoate + NADH + H+.


SSR1_HUMAN Somatostatin receptor type 1 (sprot)

A somatostatin receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


somatostatin receptor activity

Combining with somatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity. Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system by signaling via G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. Somatostatin has two active forms produced by proteolytic cleavage: a 14 amino acid peptide (SST-14) and a 28 amino acid peptide (SST-28).


somatostatin signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to a somatostatin receptor (SSTR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


SSR2_HUMAN Somatostatin receptor type 2 (sprot)

A somatostatin receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RPB2_HUMAN DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2 (sprot)

A DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNA polymerase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


ribonucleoside binding

Binding to a ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked to ribose.


ACHB4_HUMAN Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 (sprot)

A neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


5HT1F_HUMAN 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F (sprot)

A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR1E1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 1E1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 1E1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O10J1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 10J1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 10J1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GNRHR_HUMAN Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (sprot)

A gonadotropin-releasing hormone I receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


gonadotropin secretion

The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.


CALCR_HUMAN Calcitonin receptor (sprot)

A calcitonin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcitonin binding

Binding to calcitonin, a peptide hormone responsible for reducing serum calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclastic bone reabsorption and promoting renal calcium excretion. It is synthesized and released by the C cells of the thyroid.


amylin receptor complex 1

A G protein-coupled receptor complex that serves as a receptor for amylin polypeptide (AMY) and consists of a calcitonin receptor (CTR/CALCR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1. Amylin receptor complex 1 (AMY1) also serves as a receptor for the calcitonin related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


amylin receptor complex 2

A G protein-coupled receptor complex that serves as a receptor for amylin polypeptide (AMY) and consists of a calcitonin receptor (CTR/CALCR) and a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 2. Amylin receptor complex 2 (AMY2) also serves as a receptor for adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


NTR1_HUMAN Neurotensin receptor type 1 (sprot)

A neurotensin receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G protein-coupled neurotensin receptor activity

Combining with the tridecapeptide neurotensin to initiate a G-protein mediated change in cell activity. A G-protein is a signal transduction molecule that alternates between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound state.


regulation of membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive.


negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


inositol phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


NEUT_HUMAN Neurotensin/neuromedin N (sprot)

A neurotensin/neuromedin N that is encoded in the genome of human.


LCN1_HUMAN Lipocalin-1 (sprot)

A lipocalin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SDHA_HUMAN Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial (sprot)

A succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


succinate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor.


succinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinate, also known as butanedioate or ethane dicarboxylate, the dianion of succinic acid. Succinate is an important intermediate in metabolism and a component of the TCA cycle.


COR1A_HUMAN Coronin-1A (sprot)

A coronin-1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


phagolysosome assembly

The process that results in the fusion of a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, with a lysosome.


uropod organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a uropod, a rigid membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a lymphocyte or other cell in the process of migrating or being activated.


negative regulation of actin nucleation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.


thymocyte migration

The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development.


GDIA_HUMAN Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (sprot)

A Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor activity

Prevents the dissociation of GDP from the small GTPase Rab, thereby preventing GTP from binding.


S10A7_HUMAN Protein S100-A7 (sprot)

A protein S100-A7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


zinc ion sequestering activity

Binding to a zinc ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


positive regulation of granulocyte chemotaxis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of granulocyte chemotaxis. Granulocyte chemotaxis is the movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.


MK04_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


METK2_HUMAN S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-2 (sprot)

An S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isoform type-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


methionine adenosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


methionine adenosyltransferase complex

A multimeric enzyme complex composed of variable numbers of catalytic alpha subunits, and noncatalytic beta subunits. The beta subunits are believed to have a regulatory function. The enzyme complex catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), which is the major methyl group donor, participating in the methylation of proteins, DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and other small molecules.


S5A2_HUMAN 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2 (sprot)

A 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sterol 5-alpha reductase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a C-5 double bond in the B ring of a sterol.


HXD3_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-D3 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-D3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXA10_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A10 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXA6_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A6 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXA7_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A7 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXA9_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A9 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXA11_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A11 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of cell development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of chondrocyte development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte development.


HXA13_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-A13 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-A13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


embryonic hindgut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


endothelial cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


mitotic nuclear division

A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell.


HXC8_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-C8 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-C8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXC9_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-C9 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-C9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXC12_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-C12 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-C12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXC13_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-C13 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-C13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HXD11_HUMAN Homeobox protein Hox-D11 (sprot)

A homeobox protein Hox-D11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TLX1_HUMAN T-cell leukemia homeobox protein 1 (sprot)

A T-cell leukemia homeobox protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KAP1_HUMAN cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit (sprot)

A cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of fear response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.


KAP3_HUMAN cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit (sprot)

A cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to antipsychotic drug

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antipsychotic drug stimulus. Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect.


CPSM_HUMAN Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase [ammonia], mitochondrial (sprot)

A carbamoyl-phosphate synthase [ammonia], mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + hydrogencarbonate + NH4+ = 2 ADP + carbamoyl phosphate + 2 H+ + phosphate.


carbamoyl phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.


RIR2_HUMAN Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 (sprot)

A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD52_HUMAN CAMPATH-1 antigen (sprot)

A CAMPATH-1 antigen that is encoded in the genome of human.


FGF9_HUMAN Fibroblast growth factor 9 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SSR4_HUMAN Somatostatin receptor type 4 (sprot)

A somatostatin receptor type 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


CASQ1_HUMAN Calsequestrin-1 (sprot)

A calsequestrin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity.


terminal cisterna lumen

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the terminal cisterna envelope. This space is enriched in calsequestrin.


SDC4_HUMAN Syndecan-4 (sprot)

A syndecan-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TIA1_HUMAN Cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein TIA1 (sprot)

A cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein TIA1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear stress granule

A dense aggregation in the nucleus composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.


FMO4_HUMAN Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 4 (sprot)

A dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.


FMO3_HUMAN Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (sprot)

A flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


trimethylamine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N,N-trimethylamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N,N-trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.


albendazole monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: albendazole + H+ + NADPH + O2 = albendazole S-oxide + H2O + NADP+.


taurine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


ZEP2_HUMAN Transcription factor HIVEP2 (sprot)

A transcription factor HIVEP2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SC5A2_HUMAN Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (sprot)

A sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


low-affinity glucose:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


SC6A6_HUMAN Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter (sprot)

A sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


nitrogen compound transport

The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


amino acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: taurine(out) + Na+(out) = taurine(in) + Na+(in).


alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. Alanine is 2-aminopropanoic acid.


alanine transport

The directed movement of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


GBRA5_HUMAN Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 (sprot)

A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SC6A4_HUMAN Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (sprot)

A sodium-dependent serotonin transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: serotonin(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = serotonin(in) + Na+(in)+ Cl-(in).


cocaine binding

Binding to cocaine (2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta-benzoxytropane), an alkaloid obtained from dried leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca or by chemical synthesis.


positive regulation of serotonin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


negative regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


regulation of thalamus size

Any process that modulates the size of the thalamus. The thalamus is a part of the diencephalon that is composed of the dorsal thalamus and the ventral thalamus.


DNJA1_HUMAN DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 1 (sprot)

A DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


AKT1_HUMAN RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (sprot)

A RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


potassium channel activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a potassium channel, resulting in its opening.


regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.


mitigation of host antiviral defense response

A process by which a virus avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defenses. Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the virus or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


mammalian oogenesis stage

A reproductive process that is a step in the formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell.


cellular response to decreased oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.


regulation of tRNA methylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA methylation.


positive regulation of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum.


AKT2_HUMAN RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase (sprot)

A RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to high light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.


retinal rod cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a retinal rod cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina.


IL2RG_HUMAN Cytokine receptor common subunit gamma (sprot)

A cytokine receptor common subunit gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


mature B cell differentiation

The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen.


CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


QCR1_HUMAN Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial (sprot)

A cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


3HIDH_HUMAN 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD+ = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H+.


valine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


PUR9_HUMAN Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC (sprot)

A bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC that is encoded in the genome of human.


IMP cyclohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + H2O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


ABC3A_HUMAN DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3A (sprot)

A DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3A that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytidine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine + H2O = uridine + NH3.


deoxycytidine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycytidine + H2O = deoxyuridine + NH3.


cytidine deamination

The removal of amino group in the presence of water.


clearance of foreign intracellular DNA

A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA.


HNRH3_HUMAN Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H3 (sprot)

A heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HNRH1_HUMAN Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H (sprot)

A heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H that is encoded in the genome of human.


CASPE_HUMAN Caspase-14 (sprot)

A caspase-14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cornification

A type of programmed cell death that occurs in the epidermis, morphologically and biochemically distinct from apoptosis. It leads to the formation of corneocytes, i.e. dead keratinocytes containing an amalgam of specific proteins (e.g., keratin, loricrin, SPR and involucrin) and lipids (e.g., fatty acids and ceramides), which are necessary for the function of the cornified skin layer (mechanical resistance, elasticity, water repellence and structural stability).


1433B_HUMAN 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha (sprot)

A 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphoserine residue binding

Binding to a phosphorylated serine residue within a protein.


1433S_HUMAN 14-3-3 protein sigma (sprot)

A 14-3-3 protein sigma that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of epidermal cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis.


STIP1_HUMAN Stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1 (sprot)

A stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


S10AB_HUMAN Protein S100-A11 (sprot)

A protein S100-A11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FCG2B_HUMAN Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b (sprot)

A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


immune effector process

Any process of the immune system that executes a component of an immune response. An effector immune process takes place after its activation.


follicular dendritic cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


mature B cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which a naive B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response.


immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

The process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


regulation of dendritic spine maintenance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic spine maintenance.


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


positive regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.


FCG2C_HUMAN Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c (sprot)

A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-c that is encoded in the genome of human.


CEAM8_HUMAN Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 (sprot)

A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


L1CAM_HUMAN Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (sprot)

A neural cell adhesion molecule L1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


I5P2_HUMAN Type II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase (sprot)

A type II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


PRDX2_HUMAN Peroxiredoxin-2 (sprot)

A peroxiredoxin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.


ARRB2_HUMAN Beta-arrestin-2 (sprot)

A beta-arrestin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


angiotensin receptor binding

Binding to an angiotensin receptor.


D1 dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a D1 dopamine receptor.


postsynaptic signal transduction

Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a postsynapse.


GLPK_HUMAN Glycerol kinase (sprot)

A glycerol kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + glycerol = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


glycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


glycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


CCKAR_HUMAN Cholecystokinin receptor type A (sprot)

A cholecystokinin receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cholecystokinin receptor activity

Combining with cholecystokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity. Cholecystokinin can act as a neuropeptide or as a gastrointestinal hormone.


cholecystokinin signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by cholecystokinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


GASR_HUMAN Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor (sprot)

A cholecystokinin receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


gastrin receptor activity

Combining with gastrin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein to initiate a change in cell activity.


type B gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor binding

Binding to a type B gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor.


Modulates the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity.


VIPR1_HUMAN Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 (sprot)

A vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity

Combining with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


OTX1_HUMAN Homeobox protein OTX1 (sprot)

A homeobox protein OTX1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


metencephalon development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


diencephalon morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the diencephalon are generated and organized. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.


OTX2_HUMAN Homeobox protein OTX2 (sprot)

A homeobox protein OTX2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


positive regulation of gastrulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation.


MC4R_HUMAN Melanocortin receptor 4 (sprot)

A melanocortin receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


melanocortin receptor activity

Combining with melanocortin to initiate a change in cell activity.


melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with melanocyte-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of eating behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior.


regulation of grooming behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of grooming behavior.


CCR1_HUMAN C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (sprot)

A C-C chemokine receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 binding

Binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 binding

Binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.


BRS3_HUMAN Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (sprot)

A bombesin receptor subtype-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCR7_HUMAN C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (sprot)

A C-C chemokine receptor type 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 binding

Binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 binding

Binding to chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21.


C-C motif chemokine 19 receptor activity

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 19 (CCL19) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


C-C motif chemokine 21 receptor activity

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 21 (CCL21) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis

The movement of a myeloid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


positive regulation of hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL19 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


positive regulation of T cell costimulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.


positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process involved in immunological synapse formation

Any positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process that is involved in immunological synapse formation.


regulation of dendritic cell dendrite assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell dendrite assembly.


GP183_HUMAN G-protein coupled receptor 183 (sprot)

A G-protein coupled receptor 183 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.


ACHA3_HUMAN Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 (sprot)

A neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.


GRK4_HUMAN G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (sprot)

A G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


rhodopsin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + rhodopsin = ADP + phosphorhodopsin.


CXCR5_HUMAN C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (sprot)

A C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FOXN2_HUMAN Forkhead box protein N2 (sprot)

A forkhead box protein N2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CDD_HUMAN Cytidine deaminase (sprot)

A cytidine deaminase that is encoded in the genome of human.


pyrimidine-containing compound salvage

Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.


response to cycloheximide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


cellular response to external biotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.


DCTD_HUMAN Deoxycytidylate deaminase (sprot)

A deoxycytidylate deaminase that is encoded in the genome of human.


dCMP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dCMP + H2O = dUMP + NH3.


P5CR1_HUMAN Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, mitochondrial (sprot)

A pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + NADP+ = 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADPH + H+.


proline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


NAC1_HUMAN Sodium/calcium exchanger 1 (sprot)

A sodium/calcium exchanger 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


relaxation of smooth muscle

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.


GBP1_HUMAN Guanylate-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A guanylate-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytolysis in another organism

The killing by an organism of a cell in another organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


positive regulation of pyroptosis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyroptosis.


GBP2_HUMAN Guanylate-binding protein 2 (sprot)

A guanylate-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly.


ELF1_HUMAN ETS-related transcription factor Elf-1 (sprot)

An ETS-related transcription factor Elf-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SSR3_HUMAN Somatostatin receptor type 3 (sprot)

A somatostatin receptor type 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HPPD_HUMAN 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (sprot)

A 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2.


STX2_HUMAN Syntaxin-2 (sprot)

A syntaxin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNA8_HUMAN Interferon alpha-8 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DSG3_HUMAN Desmoglein-3 (sprot)

A desmoglein-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL3RB_HUMAN Cytokine receptor common subunit beta (sprot)

A cytokine receptor common subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


interleukin-5 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-5 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


CGL_HUMAN Cystathionine gamma-lyase (sprot)

A cystathionine gamma-lyase that is encoded in the genome of human.


cystathionine gamma-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystathionine + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + L-cysteine + NH4+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-cystine + H2O = pyruvate + NH3 + thiocysteine. Thiocysteine is also known as cysteine persulfide.


homocysteine desulfhydrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.


L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + H2O = ammonia + pyruvate + hydrogen sulfide + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-Selenocystathionine + H2O => L-Selenocysteine + NH3 + 2-Oxobutanoic acid.


cysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage via peptidyl-N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine.


cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate cystathionine.


protein sulfhydration

The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of sulfur.


ICAM3_HUMAN Intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (sprot)

An intercellular adhesion molecule 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RL9_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein uL6 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD70_HUMAN CD70 antigen (sprot)

A CD70 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


TNFL8_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 8 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MC5R_HUMAN Melanocortin receptor 5 (sprot)

A melanocortin receptor 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


C2TA_HUMAN MHC class II transactivator (sprot)

An MHC class II transactivator that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACSL1_HUMAN Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1 (sprot)

A long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


oleoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oleic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + oleoyl-CoA.


positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


adiponectin-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by adiponectin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


response to oleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.


CADH5_HUMAN Cadherin-5 (sprot)

A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KINH_HUMAN Kinesin-1 heavy chain (sprot)

A kinesin-1 heavy chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytoplasm organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.


CSTF2_HUMAN Cleavage stimulation factor subunit 2 (sprot)

A cleavage stimulation factor subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cleavage body

A nuclear body that contains proteins involved in pre-mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation, such as DDX1, CSTF2 and CPSFs, as well as the transcription factors TFIIE and TFIIF. Cleavage bodies are localized adjacent to Cajal bodies and are involved in mRNA3'-end processing.


LSP1_HUMAN Lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (sprot)

A lymphocyte-specific protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2CI_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C18 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2C18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


linoleic acid epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts linoleic acid to a cis-epoxyoctadecenoic acid.


CP2CJ_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C19 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2C19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DUT_HUMAN Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


dUTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dUTP + H2O = dUMP + H+ + diphosphate.


signaling receptor inhibitor activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a signaling receptor.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


dUMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUMP, deoxyuridine monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).


GCYA2_HUMAN Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 (sprot)

A guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRP1_HUMAN Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (sprot)

A multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATPase-coupled lipid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipid(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipid(out).


cyclic nucleotide transport

The directed movement of a cyclic nucleotide, any nucleotide in which phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue, into, out of or within a cell.


CKS2_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2 (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


meiosis I

The first meiotic nuclear division in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two haploid daughter nuclei.


mitotic cell cycle phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase.


CD80_HUMAN T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 (sprot)

A CD80 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


S10A5_HUMAN Protein S100-A5 (sprot)

A protein S100-A5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


S10A3_HUMAN Protein S100-A3 (sprot)

A protein S100-A3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


H2B1B_HUMAN Histone H2B type 1-B (sprot)

A histone H2B type 1-B that is encoded in the genome of human.


ABCD1_HUMAN ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 1 (sprot)

An ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ABC-type fatty-acyl-CoA transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction ATP + H2O + fatty acyl CoA(Side 1) <=> ADP + phosphate + fatty acyl CoA(Side 2). A fatty acyl CoA group is any acyl group derived from a fatty acid with a coenzyme A group attached to it.


fatty-acyl-CoA transport

The directed movement of fatty acyl coenzyme A into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acyl coenzyme A is an acyl group linked to 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine (coenzyme A).


peroxisomal membrane transport

The directed movement of substances to, from or across the peroxisomal membrane.


fatty acid elongation

The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units.


very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


long-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


positive regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process.


MA1A1_HUMAN Mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase IA (sprot)

A mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase IA that is encoded in the genome of human.


mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mannosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of mannose or a mannose derivative.


protein targeting to ER

The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.


mannose trimming involved in glycoprotein ERAD pathway

The removal of one or more alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues from a mannosylated protein that occurs as part of glycoprotein ER-associated glycoprotein degradation (gpERAD).


ERD22_HUMAN ER lumen protein-retaining receptor 2 (sprot)

An ER lumen protein-retaining receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TTK_HUMAN Dual specificity protein kinase TTK (sprot)

A dual specificity protein kinase TTK that is encoded in the genome of human.


kinetochore binding

Binding to a kinetochore, a proteinaceous structure on a condensed chromosome, beside the centromere, to which the spindle fibers are attached.


protein localization to meiotic spindle midzone

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle midzone.


MCM4_HUMAN DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 (sprot)

A DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MCM5_HUMAN DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 (sprot)

A DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MCM7_HUMAN DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 (sprot)

A DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


An N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.


RNAS4_HUMAN Ribonuclease 4 (sprot)

A ribonuclease 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NTF4_HUMAN Neurotrophin-4 (sprot)

A neurotrophin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sensory organ boundary specification

The process in which boundaries between a sensory organ and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained.


taste bud development

The progression of the taste bud over time, from its formation to the mature state. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.


SDC2_HUMAN Syndecan-2 (sprot)

A syndecan-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD68_HUMAN Macrosialin (sprot)

A macrosialin that is encoded in the genome of human.


BMP8B_HUMAN Bone morphogenetic protein 8B (sprot)

A bone morphogenetic protein 8B that is encoded in the genome of human.


GLYC_HUMAN Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic (sprot)

A serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.


serine binding

Binding to 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


cellular response to tetrahydrofolate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrahydrofolate stimulus.


GLYM_HUMAN Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


L-allo-threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-allo-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.


regulation of mitochondrial translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


BRISC complex

A protein complex that contains the FAM175B/ABRO1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45 and MERIT40/NBA1 proteins, and specifically cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains.


GBRA3_HUMAN Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 (sprot)

A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EVI2B_HUMAN Protein EVI2B (sprot)

A protein EVI2B that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


HYES_HUMAN Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 2 (sprot)

An epoxide hydrolase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: (9S,10S)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoate + H2O = (9S,10S)-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate + phosphate.


stilbene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.


RYK_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase RYK (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein kinase RYK that is encoded in the genome of human.


chemorepulsion of dopaminergic neuron axon

The process in which a dopaminergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue.


HS71L_HUMAN Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1-like (sprot)

A heat shock 70 kDa protein 1-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


HSP74_HUMAN Heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 (sprot)

A heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GRK5_HUMAN G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (sprot)

A G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MPI_HUMAN Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (sprot)

A mannose-6-phosphate isomerase that is encoded in the genome of human.


mannose-6-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.


mannose to fructose-6-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways in which mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, is converted to fructose-6-phosphate.


5HT7R_HUMAN 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 (sprot)

A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CNR2_HUMAN Cannabinoid receptor 2 (sprot)

A cannabinoid receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRFR_HUMAN Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (sprot)

A thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR1D2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 1D2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 1D2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PE2R1_HUMAN Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype (sprot)

A prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRFR1_HUMAN Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (sprot)

A corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor activity

Combining with the corticotrophin-releasing factor family of ligands, including the urocortins, to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity that is an integral part of a G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of corticosterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.


TRY3_HUMAN Trypsin-3 (sprot)

A trypsin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GPC1_HUMAN Glypican-1 (sprot)

A glypican-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BTC_HUMAN Probetacellulin (sprot)

A probetacellulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


PROF2_HUMAN Profilin-2 (sprot)

A profilin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP6_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 6 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXA4_HUMAN Gap junction alpha-4 protein (sprot)

A gap junction alpha-4 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAH5A_HUMAN Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial (sprot)

A carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAH8_HUMAN Carbonic anhydrase-related protein (sprot)

A carbonic anhydrase-related protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


CTNA1_HUMAN Catenin alpha-1 (sprot)

A catenin alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CTNB1_HUMAN Catenin beta-1 (sprot)

A catenin beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


endodermal cell fate commitment

The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm.


regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).


negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


glial cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.


regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion

Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker.


embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, in which the anatomical structures of a skeletal limb joint are generated and organized. A skeletal limb joint is the connecting structure between the bones of a limb.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.


embryonic foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


regulation of timing of anagen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


lung epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


hair follicle placode formation

The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.


endothelial tube morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


fungiform papilla formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a spongiform papilla from unspecified parts. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.


cranial ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region of a chromosome.


renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the renal vesicle from condensed mesenchymal cells. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


renal inner medulla development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal inner medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal inner medulla is unique to mammalian kidneys and is the innermost region of the mammalian kidney.


renal outer medulla development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla.


nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.


mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex

A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant), the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and beta-catenin; may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.


beta-catenin-ICAT complex

Transcription factor complex that inhibits binding of Tcf to beta-catenin while preserving interaction of catenin with cadherin thus inhibiting transcription mediated by beta-catenin-Tcf complex.


IL13_HUMAN Interleukin-13 (sprot)

An interleukin-13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


interleukin-13 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-13 receptor.


negative regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.


positive regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.


positive regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.


BMI1_HUMAN Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 (sprot)

A Polycomb complex protein BMI-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RING-like zinc finger domain binding

Binding to a RING-like zinc finger domain domain of a protein. The RING-like domain is a zinc finger domain that is related to the C3HC4 RING finger domain.


ubiquitin-protein transferase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a ubiquitin-protein transferase.


regulation of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation.


PCGF2_HUMAN Polycomb group RING finger protein 2 (sprot)

A Polycomb group RING finger protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NOS2_HUMAN Nitric oxide synthase, inducible (sprot)

A nitric oxide synthase, inducible that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


regulation of cellular respiration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds.


PHB1_HUMAN Prohibitin 1 (sprot)

A prohibitin 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


complement component C3a binding

Binding to a C3a product of the complement cascade.


proteinase activated receptor binding

Binding to a proteinase activated receptor.


modulation by host of viral RNA genome replication

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral RNA genome replication.


mitochondrial prohibitin complex

A complex composed of two proteins, prohibitin 1 and prohibitin 2 (PHB1/PHB-1 and PHB2/PHB-2) that is highly conserved amongst eukaryotes and associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial prohibitin complex is a macromolecular supercomplex composed of repeating heterodimeric subunits of PHB1 and PHB2. The mitochondrial prohibitin complex plays a role in a number of biological processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis and function, development, replicative senescence, and cell death.


PTN7_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7 (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPB6_HUMAN Serpin B6 (sprot)

A serpin B6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MERL_HUMAN Merlin (sprot)

A merlin that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of hippo signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.


RADI_HUMAN Radixin (sprot)

A radixin that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of actin filament bundle assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.


negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.


negative regulation of cell size

Any process that reduces cell size.


establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a plasma membrane.


cell tip

The region at the end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


RECO_HUMAN Recoverin (sprot)

A recoverin that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium sensitive guanylate cyclase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of guanylate cyclase in response to a change in calcium ion concentration.


RFA3_HUMAN Replication protein A 14 kDa subunit (sprot)

A replication protein A 14 kDa subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


SFTPD_HUMAN Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D (sprot)

A pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D that is encoded in the genome of human.


RFC4_HUMAN Replication factor C subunit 4 (sprot)

A replication factor C subunit 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA replication factor C complex

A complex that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. In eukaryotes the complex consists of five polypeptides.


Elg1 RFC-like complex

A pentameric replication factor C (RLC) complex, which unloads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) from chromatin and has roles in telomere length regulation and other aspects of genome stability. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Elg1p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.


RFC2_HUMAN Replication factor C subunit 2 (sprot)

A replication factor C subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RFC1_HUMAN Replication factor C subunit 1 (sprot)

A replication factor C subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA clamp unloader activity

Facilitating the opening of the ring structure of the PCNA complex, or any of the related sliding clamp complexes, and their removal from the DNA duplex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


DNA clamp unloading

The process of removing the PCNA complex from DNA when Okazaki fragments are completed or the replication fork terminates.


RL22_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein eL22 (sprot)

A 60S ribosomal protein L22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


translation at presynapse

Translation that occurs at the presynapse.


T2FA_HUMAN General transcription factor IIF subunit 1 (sprot)

A general transcription factor IIF subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPRE_HUMAN Sepiapterin reductase (sprot)

A sepiapterin reductase that is encoded in the genome of human.


sepiapterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP+ = sepiapterin + NADPH + H+.


ADML_HUMAN Pro-adrenomedullin (sprot)

A pro-adrenomedullin that is encoded in the genome of human.


adrenomedullin receptor binding

Binding to an adrenomedullin receptor.