glucose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + acceptor = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.


modulation by symbiont of host anion transport

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.


negative regulation of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery.


secondary neural tube formation

The formation of the neural tube by coalescence of mesenchymal cells followed by their conversion to epithelial cells to form a solid cord that subsequently hollows out (cavitates) to create a hollow tube. Secondary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the neural tube posterior to the posterior neuropore in mammals.


cystic duct development

The progression of the cystic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cystic duct runs from the gallbladder to the common bile duct.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + H+(out) = malate(in) + H+(in).


adhesion of symbiont to microvasculature

The adherence of symbiont-infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium via symbiont proteins embedded in the membrane of the erythrocyte.


disruption by virus of host TRAF-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which a virus interferes with TRAF-mediated signal transduction in the host.


inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 2 H+ = CO2 + D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + H2O.


negative regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa biosynthetic process.


sensory perception of fast pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds.


negative regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.


response to ciliary neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.


siderophore uptake transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(in) + H+(in).


The disaggregation of a protein-carbohydrate complex into its constituent components.


positive regulation of xanthophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.


peptidyl-cysteine modification

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


pyrophosphate hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transmembrane transport of one proton (H+), driven by the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate, and generating a proton motive force.


aggregation involved in sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


histone H2BK12 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


negative regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


protein localization to cortical microtubule cytoskeleton

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton.


selenite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: SeO3(2-) + 3NADPH + 5H+ = H2Se + 3NADP+ + 3H2O.


mimosinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-mimosine + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4H-pyrid-4-one + L-serine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamate + ATP + NH4 = 4-methylene-L-glutamine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O + OH- = 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + 4 H+ + 4 e- + methylamine.


NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.


cellular response to nickel ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel ion stimulus.


oligogalacturonide lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate = 2 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate.


hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexachlorocyclohexane, a cyclohexane derivative with 6 chlorine atoms attached to the hexane ring. Hexachlorocyclohexane consists of a mixture of 8 different isomers and was used a commercial insecticide. It is persistent in the environment, causing serious soil pollution.


response to putrescine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a putrescine stimulus.


negative regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


D(-)-tartrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tartrate = H2O + oxaloacetate.


positive regulation of ductus arteriosus closure

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.


negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin-I dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prostaglandin I(2) = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin I(2) + H+ + NADPH.


response to interleukin-17

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


ferric triacetylfusarinine C:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric triacetylfusarinine C(out) + H+(out) = ferric triacetylfusarinine C(in) + H+(in).


lactate racemization

Partial conversion of one lactate enantiomer into another so that the specific optical rotation is decreased, or even reduced to zero, in the resulting mixture.


regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


momilactone-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-9beta-pimara-7,15-diene-19,6beta-olide + NAD(P) = momilactone A + H+ + NAD(P)H.


xylan binding

Binding to xylan.


regulation of lymphatic vessel size

Any process that modulates the size of lymphatic vessels.


negative regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


ISG15 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y = Y-ISG15 + X, where both the X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


acetolactate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate = (R)-2-acetoin + CO2.


formyl-CoA transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + oxalate = formate + oxalyl-CoA.


translocation of peptides or proteins into host

The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


oxamate carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + oxamate = oxalurate + phosphate.


left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.


3-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 3-phenanthrylsulfate.


anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


specification of segmental identity, labial segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the labial segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


negative regulation of cation transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.


mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


alkylglycerone kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-alkylglycerone + ATP = O-alkylglycerone phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone + NAD+ = mentha-1,3-dione + NADH + H+.


regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


platelet-derived growth factor production

The appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


beta-amylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n+1) + H2O = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n-1) + alpha-maltose. This reaction is the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


basement membrane disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion

A process that results in the breakdown of the basement membrane that contributes to the process of semicircular canal fusion.


unidirectional conjugation

The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells. Some or all of the chromosome(s) of the donor cell is transferred into the recipient cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxypyridine + AH(2) + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxypyridine + A + H2O.


cellulosome assembly

The assembly of a cellulosome, a macromolecular multi-enzyme complex in bacteria that facilitates the breakdown of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectin in the plant cell wall.


protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine

The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine.


respiratory chain complex II assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II.


peptidyl-threonine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine.


myxospore formation

The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed, usually within a fruiting body by Myxobacteria. The myxospore is more resistant to high temperature, dessication, and UV than vegetative myxobacteria.


negative regulation of seed maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


B cell positive selection

Any process in which B cells are selected to survive based on signaling through the B cell antigen receptor.


positive regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


regulation of heptasaccharide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.


unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-O-(4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose(1-) + H2O <=> (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + alpha-L-rhamnopyranose.


quinone cofactor methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine during the synthesis of quinone cofactors such as ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), menaquinone (vitamin K2), plastoquinone and phylloquinone (vitamin K1).


negative regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


regulation of lyase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.


cleistothecium formation

The process of producing a cleistothecium, a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci. Cleistothecia are present in some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + H2O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide.


negative regulation of thymocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.


positive regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


immunoglobulin-mediated neutralization

The inhibition of an antigen's biological effects by antibody binding to it. An example is neutralization of diphtheria toxin by preventing its entry into human cells via the binding of antibody specific for diphtheria toxin.


establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction.


specification of segmental identity, antennal segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the antennal segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. cytoskeleton reorganization.


The methylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-methionine.


chloroplast accumulation movement

The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 14betaH-scalarane-17alpha-19-diol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


actin-dependent intracellular transport of virus

The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell cytoplasm via the host's actin filaments. Actin-dependent transport is induced by viral proteins that interact with actin and/or host cell motor proteins like myosins or that promotes actin polymerization/depolymerization reactions.


metanephric long descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.


tensidol B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol B.


primary shoot apical meristem specification

The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers.


inhibition of host CRISPR-cas system by virus

A process by which a virus inhibits the CRISPR-cas system of its host.


(+)-beta-barbatene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-beta-barbatene + diphosphoric acid.


oculomotor nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the oculomotor nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) from one protein to another via the reaction X-SCP + Y = Y-SCP + X, where both the X-SCP and Y-SCP linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SCP and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


response to auxin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.


linalool 8-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linalool + O2 = (2E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-diene-1,6-diol + A + H2O.


galacturonan binding

Binding to a simple or complex galacturonan. Galacturonan is any glycan composed solely of galacturonic acid residues, a specific type of glycuronan, and a constituent of some pectins.


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in cytogamy

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules forming part of a cell wall that contribute to cytogamy.


membrane tag activity

A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to a lipid, where it acts as a marker for a membrane, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as autophagy.


larval midgut cell programmed cell death

The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ.


regulation of zoospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.


negative regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


tRNA U34 sulfurtransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uridine34 in tRNA + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 2-thiouridine34 in tRNA + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.


CTP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CTP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> rubusoside + UDP + H+.


bilobe structure assembly

The assembly and organization of a bilobe structure, a cytoskeletal structure in some kinetoplastid species linking the structures of the ciliary pocket collar and the flagellum attachment zone (aka cilium attachment zone).


tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).


positive regulation of response to food

Any process that activates, maintains, or increases the rate of a response to a food stimulus.


regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle modulating contraction

Any process that modulates velocity of shortening of a skeletal muscle contraction. The shortening leads to reduction of the length of muscle fibers and sarcomeres.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine = N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorobenzoate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA.


myosin heavy chain kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-heavy-chain = ADP + myosin-heavy-chain phosphate.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-1-thioglycine from other compounds, including peptidyl-glycine.


lysine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NAD+ = 1,2-didehydropiperidine-2-carboxylate + NH3 + NADH.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Q nucleoside precursor 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine, also known as 2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile or preQo.


FAT10 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-FAT10 + S = X + S-FAT10, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-FAT10 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-FAT10 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of FAT10 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


haltere disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the haltere disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a haltere imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.


maltodextrin phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: maltodextrin = glucose-1-phosphate.


cellular response to magnesium starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.


detection of nutrient

The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol oxoanion + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3-O-methylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


modification by symbiont of host cell wall

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ciliary centrin arm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a ciliary centrin arm, a rod-shaped protein complex containing Centrin4 protein that flanks the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) filament and the quartet microtubules.


D-arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.


S-lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


non-kinase phorbol ester receptor activity

Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal by a mechanism independent of kinase activity.


leaf pavement cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an leaf pavement cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a leaf pavement cell fate.


cellodextrin binding

Binding to a cellodextrin, a glucose polymer of 2 or more glucose monomers.


regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


parthenolide 3beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: parthenolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 3beta-hydroxyparthenolide + NADP + H2O.


bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swarming motility

Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility in which the action of numerous flagella results in the smooth movement of a group of cells along a solid surface. Swarming motility is observed in groups of bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


maleimide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maleimide = H+ + maleamate.


Catalysis of the successive hydrolysis of beta-D-glucose units from the non-reducing ends of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, releasing alpha-glucose.


snRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Activity that provides specificity to a methylase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific 2'-O-ribose methylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


violaceol I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of violaceol I.


granulysin production

The appearance of granulysin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


lateral sprouting involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

The process in which a branch forms along the side of a ureteric bud.


release of seed from dormancy

The process in which the dormant state is broken in a seed. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated upon release.


conjugation with cellular fusion

A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


galactarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactarate, an anion of galactaric acid, the meso-aldaric acid derived from both D- and L-galactose.


Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + a glycogen <=> n a maltodextrin.


URM1 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y = Y-URM1 + X, where both the X-URM1 and Y-URM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


meso-tartrate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-tartrate + NAD+ = dihydroxyfumarate + H+ + NADH.


nucleotide-sugar biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and the other dehydrogenated

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and the latter donor is dehydrogenated.


aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor

The oxidation of hydrogen (H2) to water (H2O), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. A hydrogenase enzyme binds H2 and the hydrogen atoms are passed through an electron transfer chain to O2 to form water.


maintenance of meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


translocation of DNA into host

The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.


pronephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


aromatic primary alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic primary alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = catechol + NADH + H+.


regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.


heteroduplex formation involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules resulting in the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences.


protein S-linked glycosylation via cysteine

The glycosylation of protein via the sulfur atom of peptidyl-cysteine, forming S-glycosyl-L-cysteine.


regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.


E-phenylitaconyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: E-phenylitaconyl-CoA + H2O = (hydroxymethylphenyl)succinyl-CoA.


dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


cell proliferation in hindbrain

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain.


establishment of petal orientation

The process that determines the orientation of petals with reference to the central axis.


regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.


response to ceramide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ceramide stimulus.


biological phase

A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle.


terpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + beta-alanine betaine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+.


[cytochrome c]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytochrome c L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cytochrome c N6-methyl-L-lysine. This is the addition of a methyl group to the N6 atom of a lysine residue in cytochrome c.


psoralen synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-marmesin + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> psoralen + NADP + acetone + 2 H2O.


p-cresol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cresol.


tricarboxylic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


cellular response to aldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldehyde stimulus.


entry of viral genome into host nucleus via docking of viral capsid to the nuclear pore complex and injection of viral genome

Viral penetration into the host nucleus where the where a viral capsid docks on the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and ejects the viral genome through the pore into the nucleoplasm.


sulfate assimilation via adenylyl sulfate reduction

The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is activated, reduced and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the activated sulfate, adenylyl-sulfate, is reduced to sulfite by the activity of adenylyl-sulfate reductase.


positive regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.


coenzyme gamma-F420-2 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme gamma-F420-2 (F420-2; coenzyme F420; N-{N-[O-(7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin phospho)-(S)-lactyl]-gamma-L-glutamyl}-L-glutamate), the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+-)-trans-acenaphthene-1,2-diol + 2 NADP+ = acenaphthene-1,2-dione + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.


menarche

The beginning of the menstrual cycle; the first menstrual cycle in an individual.


intracellular acyl-CoA homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of acyl-CoA within a cell.


pancreatic PP cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus via nuclear envelope disassembly

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus that involves disruption of the nuclear membrane envelope by the virus.


melilotate 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H2O + NAD+.


nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.


CCL2-activated CCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a C-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


alpha-zeacarotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-zeacarotene.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N2-methylguanine.


corticosteroid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by corticosteroid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


oxanine DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated guanine where the resulting base (oxanine) is generated by NO- or HNO2-induced nitrosative deamination.


type II hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


negative regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


anaerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.


positive regulation of horizontal cell localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of horizontal cell localization.


D-glucosamine PTS permease activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a [PTS enzyme I]-Npi-phospho-L-histidine + D-glucosamine <=> D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + a [PTS enzyme I]-L-histidine.


ventral furrow formation

Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.


limb epidermis stratification

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the epidermis of the limb in space to define a volume in which specific patterns of basal cell, spinous cell and granular cells will differentiate giving rise to the layers of the limb epidermis.


glutamine sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of glutamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 7-hydroxyisoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 7-methoxyisoflavone.


lipid sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a lipid.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + reduced ferredoxin.


versiconal hemiacetal acetate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versiconol acetate + NADP <=> versiconal hemiacetal acetate + NADPH.


response to purvalanol A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.


cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-bis-L-cysteine.


mitochondrial inner membrane fusion

The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial inner membranes to form a single membrane.


signal transduction involved in filamentous growth

Relaying of environmental signals promoting filamentous growth.


heme B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme B, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


antifungal peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antifungal peptide.


4-hydroxymandelate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + CO2 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H+.


cAMP intoxication in host

The production by a symbiont of high levels of cyclic AMP in a host cell, impairing host cellular functions in multiple ways, including ATP depletion, interference with host intracellular signaling, cytoskeletal defects and apoptosis-related cell death.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = (9-D-ribosylxanthine)-5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


histone H3 kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H3.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-alanine.


metal incorporation into metallo-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of a metal into a metallo-molybdopterin complex.


negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


hypoglossal nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


peptidyl-serine decanoylation

The decanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


sporopollenin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sporopollenin, a primary constituent of the pollen exine layer.


glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-glutaconyl-CoA + H+ = but-2-enoyl-CoA + CO2.


kanamycin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + kanamycin = ADP + 2 H+ + kanamycin 3'-phosphate.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-RNA)-L-tyrosine.


positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


anterior lateral line neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing anterior lateral line.


amyloplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an amyloplast. An amyloplast is a plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.


Langerhans cell chemotaxis

The movement of a Langerhans cell in response to an external stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate + ATP = 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA + diphosphate + AMP.


polysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


D-fuconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-fuconate + H2O.


5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate + H2O = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate + NH3 + CO2.


metanephric short descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology.


cellular response to ecdysone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.


virion attachment to host cell pilus

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a pilus on the host cell surface. Pili are retractile filaments that protrude from gram-negative bacteria. Filamentous viruses can attach to the pilus tip, whereas icosahedral viruses can attach to the pilus side.


regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in primitive streak formation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the formation of the primitive streak.


negative regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.


suppression by virus of host exit from mitosis

Any viral process which decreases the rate or extent of a host cell leaving M phase of the cell cycle. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.


RNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation

Splicing of RNA via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.


arylmalonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aryl-2-methylmalonate + H+ = 2-arylpropionate + CO2.


carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on phosphates

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of a phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + H2O = a phosphatidate + CMP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cholesterol = UDP + cholesteryl beta-D-glucoside + H+.


peptidyl-aspartic acid modification

The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid.


phagosome maturation involved in apoptotic cell clearance

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell and contributes to apoptotic cell clearance. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome.


regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + 2''-nucleotidylaminoglycoside.


effector-mediated modulation of host innate immune response by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of phospholipid efflux

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.


Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate + L-cysteine + L-valine + 3 ATP + H2O = N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + 3 AMP + 3 diphosphate + 6 H+.


response to dsDNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.


forebrain astrocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte residing in the forebrain. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


cytoplasm protein quality control

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are either targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation or protected by chaperones to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.


hydrogen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of H2 (dihydrogen).


phosphotransferase activity, phosphate group as acceptor

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a phosphate group (acceptor).


negative regulation of response to food

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.


female germline ring canal formation, actin assembly

Recruitment and organization of actin filaments in female germline ring canals.


acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3',4',5'-tetramethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


chorismate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chorismate, the anion of (3R-trans)-3-((1-carboxyethenyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid.


regulation of peptide antigen transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-threonine + H+ = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate + CO2.


O antigen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(out) + H+(out) = 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(in) + H+(in).


cleistothecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cleistothecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


steroid 22-alpha hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-campestanaol + O2 = 6-deoxocathasterone + H2O.


positive regulation of lung alveolus development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.


phenol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = catechol + NADP+ + H2O.


mammillotectal axonal tract development

The progression of the mammillotectal tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillotectal tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the superior colliculus.


aromatic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.


benzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzene.


histone H3-K36 demethylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 36 of the histone.


closure of embryonic heart tube

Creation of the central hole of the embryonic heart tube by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.


response to tumor cell

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.


regulation of ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway.


pons reticulospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.


response to leptomycin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.


proboscis morphogenesis, eye-antennal disc-derived

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine.


W-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


geraniol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NAD+.


indole 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole + O2 = 2-formamidobenzaldehyde.


carotenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.


negative regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.


L-arabitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


negative regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


voluntary skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within voluntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the voluntary skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and it is under voluntary control. Voluntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is under conscious control.


decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a decanoyl (CH3-[CH2]8-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity, forward reaction

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor -> 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


cytosine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of tube length, open tracheal system

Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length.


postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity

Neurotransmitter receptor activity occuring in the postsynaptic membrane during synaptic transmission.


determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry

Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis.


ocellus photoreceptor cell development

Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus.


neuromast support cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.


glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.


negative regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


(13S)-vitexifolin A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:9alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = (13S)-vitexifolin A + diphosphate.


geraniol 10-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: polyprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = polyprenylphosphate-glucose + UDP.


abscisic acid binding

Binding to abscisic acid, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


PEP carboxykinase C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).


cellular response to formaldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formaldehyde stimulus.


glioblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a glioblast into daughter cells.


alpha-1,4-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n = RDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n+1, where RDP is ADP or UDP.


sphingolipid biosynthesis involved in endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids that contributes to endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nitrate(out) + H+(out) = nitrate(in) + H+(in).


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


parasexual reproduction with cellular fusion

A type of reproduction in which new individuals are produced from two individuals, with the fusion of two somatic cells.


organellar voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. The membrane is an organellar membrane.


sperm incapacitation

The process in which the use of stored sperm from the first-mating male is inhibited by the seminal fluid of subsequently mating males.


regulation of cornification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.


post-embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


amine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + an acceptor (A) + H2O = an aldehyde + a reduced acceptor (AH2) + NH4+.


stizolobate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 4-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde.


sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore

The formation of multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from meiosis. A multicellular or syncytial spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


O-phosphoserine sulfhydrylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + phosphate.


anterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.


Lugaro cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature Lugaro cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Lugaro cell fate. A Lugaro cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


dissimilatory sulfite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: [DsrC protein]-disulfide + 2 A + 3 H2O + hydrogen sulfide = [DsrC protein]-dithiol + 2 AH2 + H+ + sulfite and [DsrC protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine/L-cysteine + 3 A + 3 H2O = [DsrC protein]-disulfide + 3 AH2 + 2 H+ + sulfite.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.


intracellular mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


bioluminescence

The production of light by certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + agmatine = N-(4-guanidiniumylbutyl)-4-hydroxycinnamamide + CoA + H+.


mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tether activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrion and an ER membrane either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the mitochondrion.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + propane-1,2-diol 1-phosphate = H+ + hydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.


epistomal sclerite development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epistomal sclerite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of cytolysis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


agglutination involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation without cellular fusion of a unicellular organism.


cardioblast cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


carbon fixation

A metabolic process in which carbon (usually derived from carbon dioxide) is incorporated into organic compounds (usually carbohydrates).


actin cortical patch assembly

Assembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane of fungal cells.


negative regulation of response to calcium ion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to calcium ion.


negative regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in ureteric bud development

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the ureteric bud along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


response to decalin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decalin stimulus.


cytochrome P450 dependent 16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 12,13beta-epoxy-16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NAD(P).


prothoracic disc development

Progression of the prothoracic disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult humerous and anterior spiracle.


FAD metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving FAD, the oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide.


peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation

The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


swim bladder formation

The process that gives rise to the swim bladder. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + O2 = dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O2 + H+.


trans-activation response element binding

Binding to a trans-activation response (TAR) element, a hairpin RNA structure located at the 5' end of all HIV-1 transcripts, and which is required for trans-activation of a viral promoter.


cellulose-polysulfatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2- and 3-sulfate groups of the polysulfates of cellulose and charonin.


protein-phosphocysteine-glucose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + glucose(out) = protein cysteine + glucose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


snoRNA guided rRNA 2'-O-methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of methylation.


methylenediurea deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + methylenediurea = CO2 + 2 NH3 + N-hydroxymethylurea.


protein localization to actin filament bundle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin filament bundle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate = (1R,6R)-2-succinyl-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + pyruvate.


positive regulation of spore germination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.


histone H3K56 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56).


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one + NAD+ = 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + H+ + NADH.


response to neutral pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + gypsogenate = gypsogenate-28-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


positive gravitropism

The orientation of plant parts towards gravity.


(+)-pulegone reductase, (+)-isomenthone as substrate, activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-isomenthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.


chlorophyll binding

Binding to a chlorophyll; a compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.


ferrichrome biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


response to ethylene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.


regulation of spore-bearing organ development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.


N-formylglutamate deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + formate.


menstruation

The cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and endometrial tissues from the nonpregnant uterus.


Catalysis of the reaction: campest-4-en-3beta-ol + NAD = campest-4-en-3-one + NADH + H+.


spermidine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: spermidine + acceptor + H2O = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + reduced acceptor.


regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport.


aspartate transamidation

The exchange of the amino group of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, for another amino group.


cellular detoxification of metal ion

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a metal ion.


cell adhesion involved in multi-species biofilm formation

The attachment of a cell to a solid substrate, via cell adhesion molecules, contributing to the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of different species.


sinoatrial valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinoatrial valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


multi-multicellular organism process

A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species.


glucose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + O2 = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.


positive regulation of gonad development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.


flower phyllotactic patterning

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of floral organ primordia around a central axis in a flower primordium.


selenium-containing prosthetic group metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.


cyanogenic glycoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.


3-oxo-myristoyl-ACP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 3-oxo-myristoyl-[acp] = 3-oxo-myristate + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


posterior commissure morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the midbrain towards target cells in the diencephalon.


flavonoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.


lutein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lutein.


ethanol-acetate fermentation to butyrate and caproate

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol and acetate to butyrate and caproate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and saccharopine. This pathway is used by yeast and fungi to synthesize the essential amino acid L-lysine, and pathway intermediates are often incorporated into secondary metabolic processes. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This is then reduced to form alpha-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, which is metabolized to saccharopine and finally L-lysine.


sterol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


internal mammary gland bud epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell of the mammary placode becomes an internal epithelial cell of the mammary gland bud. Internal cells are small and of irregular shape.


vitamin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


3-ethylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-ethylmalate + CoA + H+.


corticospinal neuron axon decussation

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed to cross the midline to the contralateral side.


maintenance of protein localization to heterochromatin

A process in which a protein is maintained in a location in telomeric heterochromatin.


dichloromethane dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dichloromethane + H2O = 2 chloride + formaldehyde + 2 H+.


peptide cross-linking via S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-D-cysteine

The formation of a cross-link between peptidyl-cysteine and peptidyl-threonine via the formation of S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-D-cysteine.


SAGA complex localization to transcription regulatory region

Any process in which a SAGA complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the transcription regulatory region of a gene.


negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.


amide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of a membrane to the other.


photosynthetic acclimation

A response to light intensity in which exposure to medium-intensity light results in increased tolerance to high-intensity light.


N-terminal protein amino acid glucuronylation

The glucuronylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


Spemann organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore

Formation of the specialized region at the dorsal lip of the blatopore of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.


cobalt ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cobalt ions within an organism or cell.


response to dinitrophenol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.


caffeoyl-CoA: alcohol caffeoyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + a saturated primary alcohol = an alkyl caffeate + CoA.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.


regulation of olefin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of olefin biosynthetic process.


chitin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


compound leaf morphogenesis

The leaf morphogenesis process that results in the shaping of a compound leaf. A compound leaf is a leaf having two or more distinct leaflets that are evident as such from early in development.


histone H3K37 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 37) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 37). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 37 of the histone H3 protein.


2-oxoglutarate, L-arginine oxygenase (succinate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-argininium(1+) + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-arginine(1+) + succinate + carbon dioxide.


levan fructotransferase (DFA-IV-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)]n-D-fructofuranoside = beta-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-[D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)](n-1)-D-fructofuranoside + di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of di-beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6':2',6-dianhydride (DFA IV) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->6)-beta-D-fructan (levan) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.


negative regulation of oospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.


lipoprotein amino acid oxidation

The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids in the protein.


9-cis-beta-carotene 9',10'-cleavage oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-cis-beta-carotene + O2 <=> 9-cis-10'-apo-beta-carotenal + beta-ionone.


multivesicular body fusion to apical plasma membrane

The fusion of the membrane of a multivesicular body with the apical plasma membrane, resulting in release of exosomes from the cell.


response to forskolin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a forskolin stimulus.


tabersonine 16-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + tabersonine = 16-hydroxytabersonine + H2O + NADP+.


cellular response to methylglyoxal

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus. Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxoaldehyde derived from propanal.


negative regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in ventricular septum morphogenesis.


diphenyl ether 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphenyl ether + NADH + O2 + H+ = phenol + catechol + NAD+.


positive regulation of neural retina development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: alkyl halide + H2O = alcohol + HCl. Substrates are 1,3(R),4,6(R)-tetrachloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene (forms 2,4,5-trichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-ol) and 2,4,5-trichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-ol (forms 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol).


establishment of protein localization to spindle pole body

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location at the spindle pole body.


L-glutamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamine.


benzoyl acetate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-3-phenylpropionate + CoA + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + benzoyl acetyl-CoA.


negative regulation of cellodextrin catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin catabolic process.


positive regulation of sporangium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.


epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in gastrulation

The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


basidium development

The process that leads to the development of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to Basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.


establishment of planar polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of a larval imaginal disc epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


positive regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that activates, maintains or increases long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


microsporocyte differentiation

The process aimed at the progression of a microsporocyte cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A microsporocyte is a diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid (1n) microspores; also called microspore mother cell and, in seed plants, pollen mother cell.


cellular response to oxidopamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxidopamine stimulus.


regulation of cumulus cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.


diestrus

The estrous cycle phase which is a period of sexual quiescence and represents the phase of the mature corpus luteum.


compound eye photoreceptor development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + gibberellin = UDP + gibberellin 2-O-beta-D-glucoside.


pollen development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the microsporocyte to form four haploid microspores. The nucleus of each microspore then divides by mitosis to form a two-celled organism, the pollen grain, that contains a tube cell as well as a smaller generative cell. The pollen grain is surrounded by an elaborate cell wall. In some species, the generative cell immediately divides again to give a pair of sperm cells. In most flowering plants, however this division takes place later, in the tube that develops when a pollen grain germinates.


ganglion structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


taurine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + taurine = aminoacetaldehyde + CO2 + succinate + sulfite.


nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry

The series of molecular signals initiated by a nodal protein binding of to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


plant-type cell wall organization

A process that results in the assembly and arrangement of constituent parts of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall, or in the disassembly of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. This process is carried out at the cellular level. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


karyogamy

The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei.


regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


protein N-linked glucosylation via asparagine

A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which glucose is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(D-glucopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.


box C/D RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving box C/D type small nucleolar RNA.


4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside 6'-O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside + malonyl-CoA <=> 4-methylumbelliferone 6'-O-malonylglucoside + coenzyme A.


D-alanine [D-alanyl carrier protein] ligase activity

Catalysis of the ATP-dependent activation of D-alanine and its transfer as a thiol ester to the phosphopantheinyl prosthetic group of a D-alanyl carrier protein, according to the reaction: ATP + D-alanine + a [D-alaninyl carrier protein] = a D-alanyl-[D-alanyl carrier protein] + AMP + diphosphate.


maintenance of vesicle location

Any process in which a vesicle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


regulation of cilium movement involved in cell motility

Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility.


peptidyl-allysine oxidation to 2-aminoadipic acid

The oxidation of allysine to 2-aminoadipic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + phenanthrene-3,4-diol.


holo-citrate lyase synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: apo-citrate lyase + 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA = diphosphate + holo-citrate lyase.


response to parasitic plant

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a parasitic plant.


sulfolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfolipids, any compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.


lovastatin nonaketide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + acetyl-CoA + 18 H+ + 8 malonyl-CoA + 11 NADPH = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 8 CO2 + 9 CoA + dihydromonacolin L + 6 H2O + 11 NADP+.


negative regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.


linalyl 6-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside glucosidase (Yabukita) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linalyl 6-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl- beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O <=> vicianose + linalool.


negative regulation of emodin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.


fosmidomycin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate = trans-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized glutathione + CoA = reduced glutathione + CoA-glutathione.


regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.


positive regulation of urine volume by pressure natriuresis

An increase in the amount of urine excreted over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis.


regulation of lung alveolus development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.


response to pheromone regulating conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus regulating the process of conjugation without cellular fusion.


sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.


L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via phenylpyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate phenylpyruvate.


UDP-galactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-galactose, a substance composed of D-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


positive regulation of hormone metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.


tropism

The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external source of stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single-subunit-type RNA polymerase-specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell migration by calcium

The process that increases the extent of granule cell motility using intracellular calcium signaling mechanisms during radial migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside <=> quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside + UDP.


monomethyl-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + monomethyl sulfate = H+ + methanol + sulfate.


regulation of stress response to copper ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stress response to copper ion.


extraction of mislocalized protein from membrane

The removal of a mislocalized protein from a cellular membrane.


negative regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + [1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl diphosphate = [1-(2-amino-7-methyl-4-oxo-7,8-dihydro-3H-pteridin-6-yl)]ethyl-4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + diphosphoric acid.


o-aminophenol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 2-aminophenol + 3 O2 = 2 isophenoxazine + 6 H2O.


kojibiose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kojibiose + phosphate = beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose.


intermediate mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the intermediate mesoderm are generated and organized.


iron sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of iron.


terrequinone A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terrequinone A.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1L-1-O-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol + UDP-L-arabinose = (indol-3-yl)acetyl-myo-inositol 3-L-arabinoside + H+ + UDP.


negative regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.