induction by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production

The activation by a symbiont of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


queuosine nucleosidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: a N-D-queuosine + H2O = queuine + D-ribose.


replacement ossification

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Ossification that requires the replacement of a preexisting tissue prior to bone tissue formation.


emericellamide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellamide.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), a derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a methylated amine group. Present in trace levels in plants and slightly higher in bacteria.


negative regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: anhydrotetracycline + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 12-dehydrotetracycline + H2O + NADP+.


positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the presynaptic cytosol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O <=> 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate + H+.


oleate 12-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oleoyl-CoA + NADH + O2 + H+ = ricinoleyl-CoA + NAD + H2O.


auxin influx transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, into a cell.


positive regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.


proteasome storage granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a proteasome storage granule.


molecular transducer activity

A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components.


TMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.


anaerobic lactate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the absence of oxygen.


adenosyl-fluoride synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + fluoride = 5'-deoxy-5'-fluoroadenosine + L-methionine.


aminoimidazolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:4-aminoimidazole + H20 = imidazol-4-one + NH3.


positive regulation of galactotriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.


NAD+-histone H2BE2 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-2 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).


monounsaturated fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monounsaturated fatty acid.


positive regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ammonia monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidation of alkanes (up to C8) to alcohols and alkenes (up to C5) to epoxides and alcohols in the presence of ammonium ions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + CO2.


gramicidin S biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gramicidin S.


Catalysis of the reaction: Ser-tRNA(Sec) + ATP = Sep-tRNA(Sec) + ADP.


(+)-sabinol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-cis-sabinol + NAD+ = (1S,5S)-sabinone + H+ + NADH.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


extracellular matrix organization involved in endocardium development

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix of the endocardium. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


nitrogenous compound fermentation

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrogen-containing compound, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


protein localization to microvillus membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a microvillus membrane.


protein-lipid complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a protein-lipid complex into its constituent components.


sucrose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + phosphate = D-fructose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac right atrium morphogenesis.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization

The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle.


macromolecule deacylation

The removal of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, from a macromolecule.


viral genome maturation

The processes involved in creating a mature, stable viral genome. Begins after genome replication with a newly synthesized nucleic acid and ends when the genome is ready to be packaged. Includes the addition of proteins to the newly synthesized genome, and DNA repair processes.


glycoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.


negative regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis.


bicyclogermacrene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bicyclogermacrene.


regulation of arginase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


modification by symbiont of host cell-cell junction

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host intercellular junction, a specialized region of connection between two cells. Intercellular junction include tight junctions and adherens junctions.


cell surface adhesin-mediated gliding motility

Cell gliding that results from the actions of cell surface adhesin proteins that are propelled by membrane motor proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + NADH + H+ + O2 = 9alpha-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + NAD+ + H2O.


(1->3),(1->4)-beta-glucan binding

Binding to (1->3),(1->4)-beta-glucan.


21U-RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 21U-RNAs, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 nucleotides in length characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + methylammonium.


queuosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of queuosines, a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.


quiescent center organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the quiescent center. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


response to host

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


leucoplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.


centromere-nuclear envelope anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together the centromeric region of a chromosome and the inner nuclear membrane by interacting with both the centromere/kinetochore complex and the nuclear membrane, in order to establish and maintain the centromere/kinetochore location.


alpha-humulene 10-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 10-hydroxy-alpha-humulene + NADP + H2O.


bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a bundle of His cardiomyocyte to a Purkinje myocyte.


renal response to blood flow involved in circulatory renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The physiological response of the kidneys to a decrease in blood flow.


glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NAD+ = glycerone + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.


slow muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a slow muscle cell from one site to another.


oleate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-10-hydroxystearate = H2O + oleate.


peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamic acid

The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid residues by the covalent attachment of ethanolamine, itself further modified by the addition of a phosphoglycerol unit.


aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.


regulation of maltotetraose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside-5-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + caffeoyl-CoA <=> delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-caffeoylglucoside + coenzyme A.


negative regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


snRNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from a donor to a nucleoside residue in an snRNA molecule.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


stigma development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stigma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stigma is the pollen-receptive surface of a carpel or group of fused carpels, usually sticky.


neuron migration involved in retrograde extension

The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.


response to amylopectin

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of amylopectin stimulus.


heat acclimation

Any process that increases heat tolerance of an organism in response to high temperatures.


negative regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.


positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


negative regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.


apolysis

The first process of molting, characterized by the detachment of the old cuticle from the underlying epidermal cells.


regulation of cellotriose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.


orlandin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving orlandin.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


aerobic benzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the presence of oxygen.


negative regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.


gibberellin A12,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A14 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


vestibular receptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vestibular hair cell.


response to insect

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect.


substrate-independent telencephalic tangential interneuron migration

The directional movement of tangentially migrating interneurons that are not guided by attaching to extracellular substrates.


xylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.


glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+.


2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid. It is prepared from toluene treated with concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and is used in shells, bombs, and blasting explosives.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via CDP-N-methylethanolamine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with an initial N-methylation with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine, followed by two downstream N-methylations on phosphatidyl-bases, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine. The process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


light-dependent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, which occur in the presence of light. Bacteriochlorophylls are any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria; they differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8-methylthiooctyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 8-methylthiooctyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


protein-phosphocysteine-trehalose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + trehalose (out) = protein cysteine + trehalose-6-phosphate (in).


apoptotic process involved in tube lumen cavitation

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the hollowing out of an epithelial rod or cord to form the central hole in a tube.


regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.


regulation of secondary shoot formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary shoot formation.


microcin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a microcin from one side of a membrane to the other.


vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.


anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light

The aggregation of the pigment anthocyanin in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


cellodextrin phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-beta-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-beta-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


chemotaxis to cAMP

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP.


pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ); it is synthesized from a small peptide containing tyrosine and glutamic acid; these amino acids in the peptide are multiply cross-linked and the rest of the peptide is removed.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate = acetyl phosphate + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-20-one + NADP+ = 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + H+ + NADPH.


tryptamine 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tryptamine + reduced acceptor + O2 <=> 4-hydroxytryptamine + acceptor + H2O.


1-indanone dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-indanone + NADPH + 1/2 O2 = NADP+ + 3-hydroxy-1-indanone.


regulation of cellular defense response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.


regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.


radial glial cell division in pallium

The division of a radial glial cell in the pallium. A radial glial cell is a precursor cell that gives rise to neurons and astrocytes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyl-3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + CoA = acetyl-CoA + 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA.


modification by symbiont of host chloroplast part

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a component of the host cell chloroplast. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide phosphate, and ATP + adenosylcobyric acid + (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol = ADP + phosphate + adenosylcobinamide.


neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Neurotransmitter receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is involved in regulating postsynaptic membrane potential, either directly (ionotropic receptors) or indirectly (e.g. via GPCR activation of an ion channel).


response to reversine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reversine stimulus.


G-protein gated monoatomic cation channel activity

A cation channel activity that is gated by binding of a G-protein beta-gamma dimer.


2-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-nitrophenol + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH + O2 = catechol + H2O + 2 NADP+ + nitrite.


regulation of nematode larval development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.


high-affinity potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of potassium ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.


regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.


positive regulation of oomycete sporangium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.


regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


induction by symbiont of host induced systemic resistance

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid, the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.


regulation of oocyte development

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


hexadecanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanol + NAD+ = hexadecanal + NADH.


4-hydroxytryptamine 4-phosphate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) + 4-hydroxytryptamine 4-phosphate (norbaeocystin) <=> 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + psilocybin.


purine ribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


S-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + homoserine lactone.


dibenzofuran catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond.


negative regulation of optic nerve formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.


alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-L-rhamnose residues in alpha-L-rhamnosides.


dihydrouracil oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + O2 = H2O2 + uracil.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-acetoacetyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


regulation of salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.


spinal sensory neuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a spinal sensory neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A spinal sensory neuron is a sensory neuron that project to the spinal cord.


septum transversum development

The progression of the septum transversum from its initial formation to the mature structure. The septum transversum is a portion of the trunk mesenchyme.


pigment accumulation in tissues

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to an external stimulus.


mucilage pectin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectin component of mucilage.


sitosterol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + sitosterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22alpha)-hydroxy-sitosterol + H2O + NADP.


auxin mediated signaling pathway involved in phyllotactic patterning

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin that contributes to the radial pattern formation process resulting in the formation of leaf or flower primordia around the center of a shoot apical meristem.


positive regulation of biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


glycerate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 2-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP.


gibberellin 12-aldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin 12-aldehyde + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin 12 + NADP+ + H2O. This is the third of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).


Catalysis of the reaction: theobromine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + caffeine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of action potential firing rate

Any process that regulates the frequency of action potentials in a spike train.


L-cysteine binding

Binding to L-cysteine.


appressorium formation

The process in which a swollen, flattened portion of a symbiont filament is formed on or near its host organism, to adhere to and for the purpose of penetrating the host surface.


red light photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 660nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


response to papulacandin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a papulacandin B stimulus.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in the defense response to Gram-negative bacterium.


negative regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.


sulfur oxidation, ferric ion-dependent

A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase, and requires the presence of ferric ion (Fe3+).


regulation of stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction.


embryo sac morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryo sac are generated and organized. The embryo sac develops from the megaspore in heterosporous plants.


mucilage metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.


6G-fructosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]m+1 alpha-D-glucopyranoside + [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]n+1 alpha-D-glucopyranoside = [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]m alpha-D-glucopyranoside + [1-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-]n+1 beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (m > 0; n >= 0).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a sterol = UDP + an O-glucosylsterol.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate + chlorogenate = (-)-quinate + 2-O-caffeoylglucarate.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 2,3-di-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


dibenzothiophene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene + NADH + H+ + O2 = dibenzothiophene-5-oxide + NAD+ + H2O.


negative regulation of ligase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.


regulation of fear response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.


regulation of cellular pH reduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.


dibenzothiophene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.


anaerobic ethylbenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


regulation of response to external stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.


regulation of RNA helicase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.


IAA-Leu conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-leucine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + L-leucine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, also known as ciliatine.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,3-1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 6-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl-1,3-1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


magnetosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a magnetosome. Magnetosomes are specialized organelles for magnetic navigation that comprise membrane-enveloped, nano-sized crystals of a magnetic iron mineral; they are formed by a diverse group of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB).


brainstem precerebellar neuron precursor migration

The early migration of a precerebellar neuronal precursor in which a cell move from the rhombic lip, orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately reside in the brainstem.


regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.


carpel development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the carpel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A carpel is an organ (generally believed to be a modified foliar unit) at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style.


methylthiotransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of a methylthioether group (-SCH3) to a nucleic acid or protein acceptor.


positive regulation of tryptophan metabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydroxypyrene-6,7-oxide + H2O.


primary adaptive immune response

An adaptive immune response against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.


2,5-dichlorohydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: organohalide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = R-H + HCl. Reactants include chlorohydroquinone (forms hydroquinone) and 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone (forms chlorohydroquinone).


pole plasm RNA localization

Any process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


guanosine tetraphosphate binding

Binding to guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.


subthalamic nucleus development

The progression of the subthalamic nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.


lipoteichoic acid D-alanylation

The formation of a D-alanyl ester of lipoteichoic acid by transfer of D-Ala onto a membrane-associated lipoteichoic acid (LTA).


prosthetic group metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


sensory organ precursor cell division

The series of four asymmetric divisions undergone by the sensory organ precursor cells to generate cells that have distinct cell fates. For example, in the external sensory organ, the precursor cells give rise to one multidendritic neuron and four additional cells (the socket, shaft, sheath cells and the external sense neuron).


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:2-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


RITS complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a RITS complex.


chloroplast avoidance movement

The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells avoid strong light and move away from it in order to preserve the photosynthetic machinery.


locus ceruleus maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the locus ceruleus to attain its fully functional state. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.


minus-end directed microtubule sliding

The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the minus ends of the microtubules.


mannosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.


ascospore wall chitin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.


capsanthin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: antheraxanthin = capsanthin.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which reduced flavodoxin acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-dec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = cis-dec-3-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


anaerobic glycerol catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


negative regulation of AMPA receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor activity.


plastid localization

Any process in which a plastid is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


disruption of cell in another organism

The disruption of the a cell of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that cell.


accessory nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the accessory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


negative regulation of galactomannan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.


lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine (ms2io6A), a modified nucleoside present in position 37 (adjacent to and 3' of the anticodon) of tRNAs.


beta-glucoside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + cellobiose = ADP + 6-phospho-beta-D-glucosyl-(1,4)-D-glucose.


salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (glucoside-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid 2-O-glucoside + UDP.


2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


penetration hypha formation

The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. In the case of an appressorium existing, this term is defined in further details as the process in which the symbiont penetration peg expands to form a hypha which traverses the epidermal cell and emerges into the intercellular space of the mesophyll tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane.


lens epithelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of lens epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Lens epithelial cells make up the lens epithelium, which is located in the anterior portion of the lens between the lens capsule and the lens fibers and is a simple cuboidal epithelium. The epithelial cells of the lens regulate most of the homeostatic functions of the lens such as osmolarity and liquid volume. The lens epithelial cells also serve as the progenitors for new lens fibers. The lens epithelium constantly lays down fibers in the embryo, fetus, infant, and adult, and continues to lay down fibers for lifelong growth.


Golgi vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.


precorrin-6Y C5,15-methyltransferase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-6Y = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-8X + CO2.


phosphatidate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = ADP + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate.


formation of a compartment boundary

Formation of a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier.


regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility by regulation of motor speed

A process that modulates flagellum-dependent motility in bacteria by modulating the speed or direction of rotation of a rotary flagellar motor, mediated by interactions between the braking protein.


pelvic fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. Pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.


negative regulation of metula development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


neuromast hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast hair cell. Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.


dauer exit

Exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


positive regulation of leaf senescence

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.


T-helper 2 cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a T-helper 2 cell in response to an external stimulus.


citronellyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citronellyl-CoA + NAD+ = cis-geranyl-CoA + NADH + H+.


regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.


pectin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a group of galacturonic acid-containing, water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates of high molecular weight and of net negative charge.


polyphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


diaminopimelate epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = meso-2,6-diaminopimelate.


negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


peptidyl-cystine sulfhydration

The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the addition of sulfur, to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 11-O-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 17-O-deacetylvindoline.


interleukin-11 production

The appearance of interleukin-11 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


pyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


granulosa cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a granulosa cell.


regulation of sterol import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.


negative regulation of viral translation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.


acetate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.


pericyte cell migration

The orderly movement of a pericyte cell from one site to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine + spermidine + ATP = N1-(gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycyl)-spermidine + ADP + phosphate.


pollen-style interaction

The interactions (or cell to cell communication) that occur between the male gametophyte (pollen/pollen tube) and the stylar tissues of the female sporophyte.


compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a compound eye retinal cell.


cellular response to bacterial lipoprotein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.


modulation of cell migration in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the process of cell migration in a second organism.


palmatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.


pinosylvin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamoyl-CoA + 3 H+ + 3 malonyl-CoA = 4 CO2 + 4 CoA + pinosylvin.


UAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAU codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine.


labrum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of labrum are generated and organized.


NADH kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NADH = ADP + 2 H+ + NADPH.


amylin receptor 1 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin, or another ligand, combining with an amylin receptor 1 (AMY1), a G protein-coupled receptor complex, on the surface of the target cell. Other ligands that have been shown to initiate the AMY1 signaling pathway include the calcitonin related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


CUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUU codon.


latency-replication decision

The process by which a virus switches on its replication cycle in an infected cell.  The process is typically controlled by a genetic swtich controlled by environmental factors such as cell type, cell shape, the availability of nutrients, superinfection or exposure of infected cells to UV or various chemical stimuli.


histone H4R3 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H4 L-arginyl (position 3)= histone H4 L-citrullyl (position 3) + NH4+, resulting in histone H4 citrullination at position 3.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor, dinitrogen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which reduced flavodoxin acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces dinitrogen.


modification of synaptic structure, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates synaptic transmission via modification of the structure of the synapse.


perturbation of symbiont cellular component

The process in which a host organism destabilizes a cellular component of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.


galactoglucomannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactoglucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) decorated with a mixture of D-glucose and D-galactose side-units.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-9-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.


peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-dihydroxyphenylalanine.


halogenated hydrocarbon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.


filamentous growth MAPK cascade

The MAPK cascade which is activated as a result of partial nutrient deprivation and which results in filamentous growth.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in (1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranans.


natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


post-embryonic body morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic soma are generated and organized.


gibberellin A28,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A28 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> (2betaOH)-gibberellin28 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


benzene 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzene + H+ + NADH + O2 = cis-cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+.


isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + propan-2-ol = acetone + H+ + NADPH.


endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 upstream of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) upstream of the 5.8S rRNA derived from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, this endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS1 initiates the maturation of the LSU and the 5.8S rRNAs.


ER body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) body. ER body is a compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.


regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.


negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


asparagusate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethylpropanoate + NAD+ = asparagusate + H+ + NADH.


peptide stabilization

Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide and preventing it from being degraded.


single-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The error-free repair of a single-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.


(22S)-22-hydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + O2 <=> (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one + NADP + H2O.


modulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of germ tube formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Kdo2-lipid A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.


RNA uridine deletion

The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a uridine nucleotide.


lipoamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.


racemase and epimerase activity, acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives

Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a hydroxy acid molecule.


6-hydroxy pseudo-oxynicotine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + O2 = 2 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine.


posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast mantle cell type or a set of cells of neuromast mantle cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.


UDP-glucose: 6-methylthiohexylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 6-methylthiohexylhydroximate <=> H+ + 5-methylthiopentyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP(3-).


pachytene

The cell cycle phase which follows zygotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome.


sesquarterpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquarterpene.


cellular response to cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell-matrix adhesion.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + long-chain-polyphosphate = dolichol-phosphate + long-chain-polyphosphate.


positive regulation of plant organ morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.


phosphonopyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphonopyruvate + H2O = phosphate + pyruvate.


lipoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lipoate from one side of a membrane to the other.


lens placode formation

The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye.


glycuronidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucuronosides, yielding free glucuronic acid.


GTP-dependent polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = GDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.


regulation of histamine uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter histamine into a cell.


catabolite repression

A process in which the presence of one nutrient source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of processes involved in the metabolism of other nutrient sources.


sensory perception of electrical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


tRNA exon ligation utilizing GTP as source of linkage phosphate

A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous GTP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae where the ligation reaction also produces a 2'-phosphate at the splice junction which is subsequently removed as part of the ligation process.


inositol heptakisphosphate 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate.


renal filtration cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a renal filtration cell. Renal filtration cells are specialized cells of the renal system that filter fluids by charge, size or both. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + D-methylmalonyl-CoA = oxaloacetic acid + propionyl-CoA.


sensory organ morphogenesis

Morphogenesis of a sensory organ. A sensory organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to receive and transmit signals from external or internal stimuli. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


insect visual primordium formation

Establishment of the optic lobe placode. In Drosophila, for example, the placode appears in the dorsolateral region of the head in late stage 11 embryos and is the precursor to the larval visual system.


Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose + UDP.


negative regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of signal transduction in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


rRNA modification guide activity

Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


oocyte fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon

The incorporation of iron into an iron-sulfur cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon.


L-homocysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-homocysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + protein L-histidine = pyruvate + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroquinone + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.


pteridine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine + O2 = 2-amino-4,7-dihydroxypteridine + unknown.


endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


hemolysis in another organism

The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.


cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.


NAD(P)H nitroreductase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of a nitrate group to an amino or hydroxylamino group on toluene or a toluene derivative.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.


The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


indole phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + cyclohexanone.


regulation of meiotic chromosome separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.


suppression by virus of host complement activation

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation. The activation of complement involves the sequential proteolysis of proteins to generate enzymes with catalytic activities. The biological functions of the complement include opsonization, inflammation, lysis of immune complexes, or enhancement of the humoral immune response. For example, the virus complement control protein (VCP) of vaccinia virus, and the complement control protein of herpesvirus inhibit C3 convertase.


regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


leucocyanidin oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leucocyanidin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis- or trans-dihydroquercetin + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.


chrysobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of cellular response to manganese ion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.


dibenzothiophene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene.


nicotianamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


3-chlorotoluene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3-chlorotoluene + NADH + O2 <=> 3-chlorobenzyl alcohol + NAD + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+ = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NH4.


guanyl nucleotide binding

Binding to a guanyl nucleotide, consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


central complex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central complex region of the insect brain is thought to be crucial for control of locomotive behavior. Located in the middle of the two protocerebral hemispheres, it comprises four neuropilar regions, the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge and the paired noduli.


metal ion sequestering activity

Binding to a metal ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


peptidyl-arginine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-phospho-L-arginine.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid phosphorus-nitrogen bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid phosphorus-nitrogen bond.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oligosaccharide-diphosphodolichol = dolichol-phosphate + oligosaccharide phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4 H+ + 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = 4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2. This reaction consists of three successive dehydrogenations that lead to the introduction of three double bonds into 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene), with 4,4'-diapophytofluene, 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene and 4,4'-diapolycopene as intermediates, and 4,4'-diapolycopene as the end product.


kinesis

The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the rate of movement depends on the intensity (rather than the direction) of the stimulus.


cerebellar cortex structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


alkanesulfonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.


hydrogen selenide methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + hydrogen selenide => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methaneselenol.


instrumental aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithinium(1+) = N(5)-acetyl-L-ornithine.


selenodiglutathione-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + selenodiglutathione + NADPH = gluthathioselenol + glutathione + NADP+.


oxalomalate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxalomalate = glyoxylate + oxaloacetate.


rhamnose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of rhamnose from one side of a membrane to the other. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.


positive regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.


negative regulation of haustorium mother cell formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification

The modification of a lysine residue in a protein to produce (2S)-2-amino-6-([(3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid, and the subsequent hydroxylation of the modified lysine residue. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, the prokaryotic translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


2-oxoglutaryl-CoA thioesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutaryl-CoA + OH- = 2-oxoglutarate + CoASH.


iridophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an iridophore. Iridophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain guanidine or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. This gives them a silver, gold, or iridescent appearance.


2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminophenol + O2 = 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde.


beta-glucanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of linkages in beta-D-glucans; beta-glucans are polysaccharides of D-glucose monomers linked by beta-glycosidic bonds.


carboxylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + acceptor + H2O = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4-dinitrophenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrophenol + H- = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone.


G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

Combining with glutamate and transmitting a signal from one side of the membrane to the other by activating an associated G-protein, initiating a change in cell activity.


protein localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. post synaptic density).


Catalysis of the reaction: amidinoproclavaminate + H2O = proclavaminate + urea.


delta-tocopherol cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone = delta-tocopherol.


negative regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.


N-succinylarginine dihydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-succinyl-L-arginine + 2 H2O + 2 H+ = N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine + CO2 + 2 NH4.


negative regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.


hexokinase-dependent signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and dependent on the detection of hexokinase.


acyl deglucuronidation

The removal of glucuronic acid from an acyl-glucuronide.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to ventricular cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the ventricle. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


positive regulation of seed maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an kainate-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


cysteine-S-conjugate N-malonyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA(5-) + an L-cysteine-S-conjugate <=> coenzyme A + H+ + an N-malonyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate.


anterior rotation of the optic cup

A 90 degree-rotation of the optic cup resulting in its alignment with the anterior-posterior body axis.


biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


sequestering of TGFbeta from receptor via TGFbeta binding

Binding to a transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting TGFbeta signaling by preventing TGFbeta from binding to its cell surface receptor.


accessory nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the accessory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


positive regulation of lateral root development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.


dATP biosynthetic process from ADP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including ADP, adenosine diphosphate.


ascr#2 binding

Binding to ascr#2.


regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.


negative regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.


glutamate catabolic process to succinate via succinate semialdehyde

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the pyruvate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.


ferric-chelate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron donor -> 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H+ + phosphate.


regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.


tRNA modification guide activity

Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


larval central nervous system remodeling

Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of anion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.


vomilenine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + vomilenine.


kynurenine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from kynurenine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


glucosamine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).


1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.


positive regulation of maltopentaose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.


mixed acid fermentation

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into ethanol, lactate, formate, succinate, and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


pyridoxamine binding

Binding to pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.


mannitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


mitochondrial valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


beta-alanyl-CoA ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + NH3.


positive regulation of endothelial cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.


tolerance induction in urogenital tract

Tolerance induction taking place in the urogenital tract.


positive regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminonbiphenyl = N-acetoxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl.


cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in lateral root development

Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in lateral root development.


pre-replicative complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the origin of replication during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.


beta-pyrazolylalanine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-serine + pyrazole = 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate + H+.


negative regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.


cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


monoterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.


maintenance of epithelial integrity, open tracheal system

Ensuring that tracheal tubes in an open tracheal system maintain their epithelial structure during the cell shape changes and movements that occur during the branching process.


(22S)-22-hydroxy-campesterol C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + NADPH + O2 <=> (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxycampesterol + NADP + H2O.


metanephric pyramids development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric pyramids over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.


biotin-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + biotinyl-CoA.


detection of renal blood flow

The process in which the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys receive information about the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles and converts the information to a molecular signal.


diphenyl phthalate binding

Binding to diphenyl phthalate, C(20)H(14)O(4).


pattern specification involved in kidney development

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


mucilage pectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectin component of mucilage.


intratendonous ossification

Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue.


NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD+ and B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred) with respect to NADP+.


mesonephric proximal tubule development

The progression of the mesonephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.


piRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization

A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation by a piRNA.


scyllo-inosamine 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + ATP = 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


ganglion formation

The process that gives rise to ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


phosphoarginine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.


DNA dealkylation

The removal of an alkyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.


trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + 2 (ferricytochrome c)-subunit + H2O = trimethylamine-N-oxide + 2 (ferrocytochrome c)-subunit + 2 H+.


betulin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: betulin + NADPH(4-) + H+ + O2 <=> betulinic aldehyde + NADP(3-) + 2 H2O.


negative regulation of cellular process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell.


fusion cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a fusion cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Fusion cells allow the interconnection of adjacent tracheal metameres during tracheal tube fusion.


Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.


metanephric DCT cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell.


cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + L-lysine + ATP = N(6)-[(indole-3-yl)acetyl]-L-lysine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


seed germination on parent plant

The process in which a seed germinates before being shed from the parent plant.


positive regulation of antipodal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.


regulation of positive chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


mitotic interphase

The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.


D-alanine-D-alanine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 D-alanine + ATP = D-alanyl-D-alanine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


amniotic stem cell differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amniotic stem cell. An amniotic stem cell is a mesenchymal stem cell extracted from amniotic fluid. Amniotic stem cells are able to differentiate into various tissue types such as skin, cartilage, cardiac tissue, nerves, muscle, and bone.


negative regulation of torso signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the torso signaling pathway.


(S)-reticuline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (S)-reticuline.


neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron in response to hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + beta-D-galactoside + H2O <=> ADP(3-) + hydrogenphosphate + beta-D-galactoside + H+.


P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in), that contributes to regulating the membrane potential of a cardiac muscle cell.


anthranilate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate.


sulfoquinovosidase activity

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-sulfoquinovoside residues in alpha-sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerides and alpha-sulfoquinovosyl glycerol, generating alpha-sulfoquinovose.


response to absence of light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + glucose = 9-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.


tartrate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tartrate.


cranial ganglion structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


Catalysis of the transfer of the non-reducing terminal alpha-D-glucose residue from a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to the 4-position of an alpha-D-glucan, thus bringing about the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides.


cell-cell signaling involved in amphid sensory organ development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of an amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature state.


kidney field specification

The process that results in the delineation of regions of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + H2O <=> daidzein + beta-D-glucose.


posterior lateral line development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the body and trunk of all fishes and most amphibians. The posterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.


thiocyanate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiocyanate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> methyl thiocyanate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidopamine.


negative regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.


aldaric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.


root regeneration

The the regeneration process by which a damaged or lost root regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to form a new root meristem and subsequently new root.


solute:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(out) = solute(in) + cation(in).


positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


establishment of turgor in appressorium

The process in which hydrostatic pressure is increased within the symbiont appressorium to breach the cuticle of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


lipoprotein oxidation

The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids or the lipid group.


2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADPH + H+.


seed dehydration

The seed development process whose outcome is the drying of a maturing seed.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde.


respiratory burst at fertilization

The phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs at fertilization. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. Capacitation, a necessary prerequisite event to successful fertilization, can be induced by reactive oxygen species in vitro; hydrogen peroxide is used as an extracellular oxidant to cross-link the protective surface envelopes.


regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.


cell-cell signaling involved in placenta development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a beta-D-galactoside = CoA + a 6-acetyl-beta-D-galactoside.


extracellular sequestering of copper ion

The process of binding or confining copper ions in an extracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


discadenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.


interleukin-20 production

The appearance of interleukin-20 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester.


photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II

A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, Q) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach the ultimate electron acceptor of Photosystem II, which is plastocyanin (PC). The electron is then passed to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of the reaction centre of photosystem I.


carbon fixation by 3-hydroxypropionate cycle

An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.


plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.


cellular response to polycyclic arene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polycyclic arene stimulus.


regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


male urethra development

The progression of the male urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The male urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder through the penis to outside the body.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


positive regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


protein catabolic process at synapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a synapse.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.


copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide

The incorporation of copper into a 4Cu-S copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide.


Catalysis of the reaction L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate = phenylpyruvate + aspartate.


cardiac glial cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to cardiac glial cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac glial cells.


muscle hyperplasia

A muscle system process that results in an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.