positive regulation of dauer larval development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


modulation by virus of host cellular process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a virus effects a change in the processes and activities of its host organism.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucarate + sinapoyl-CoA = 2-O-sinapoyl-D-glucarate + CoA.


CYP79F1 tetrahomomethionine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + tetrahomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH <=> 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP + 7-methylthioheptanaldoxime.


specification of mesonephric nephron tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the mesonephric nephron acquire their identity.


aminoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.


hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADPH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NADP+.


cholesterol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + O2 = cholest-5-en-3-one + H2O2.


mannose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. Mannose is the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.


glycolytic fermentation via PFOR pathway

The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, continuing with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) activity. This pathway is found in strict anaerobes such as Clostridia species.


epiboly

The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells or yolk.


histone propionyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + histone = CoA + propionyl-histone.


Catalyzes the reaction: N,N-Dihydroxy-L-tryptophan = Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime + CO2 + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + eriodictyol + NADPH + O2 <=> 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate luteolin-7-olate(1-) + NADP + 2 H2O.


metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantoate + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantoate + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dihydroxyanisole + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3,5-dimethoxyphenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


synephrine dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: synephrine = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + methylammonium.


regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + 2 X-SO3(-) = 2 HX + phenanthrene-9,10-dihydrodiolsulfate conjugate.


vestibulospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.


3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydroshikimate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is also known as protocatechuate.


pollen-stigma interaction

The interactions (or cell to cell communication) that occur between the pollen grain (male gametophyte) and the stigmatic tissues of the female sporophyte after the pollen reaches the stigmatic papillae.


pantoate 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantoate + NAD+ = (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of myotube cell migration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube cell migration.


mesonephros morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephros are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysine + ATP + D-alanyl-D-alanine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + ADP.


protein localization to nuclear body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nuclear body.


regulation of stomatal movement

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal movement.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-O-methylisoflavone.


benzenesulfonate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + HSO3(-) + 4-methylcatechol.


3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA thiolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoyl-CoA + CoASH = 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA + acetyl-CoA.


The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene, a sulfonated azo compound synthesized by nitro-amine condensation from sulfanilic acid and 4-nitrobenzoic acid.


sulfur-containing amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfur-containing amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(1-) + H2O + a fatty aldehyde <=> NADH(2-) + 2 H+ + a fatty acid.


protein galactosylation

The addition of a galactose molecule to a protein amino acid.


paromomycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving paromomycin.


inulosucrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 2,1-beta-D-fructosyl(n) = glucose + 2,1-beta-D-fructosyl(n+1).


medial fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a medial fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


trioxoheptanoate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trioxoheptanoate + H2O = acetylpyruvate + acetate.


cephalosporin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.


ornithine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine = D-ornithine.


ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Any ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth

The series of events resulting in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls and contribute to multidimensional cell growth.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + glucose = 1-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.


pantoate-beta-alanine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


myoblast maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


muconolactone delta-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-muconolactone = (4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant positive regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.


negative regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.


protein storage vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a protein storage vacuole, a storage vacuole that contains a lytic vacuole.


regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.


adaptation to pheromone regulating conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

In organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.


cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic GMP-AMP.


protein octanoylation

The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with octanoic acid.


signal transduction involved in cellular response to ammonium ion

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any signal transduction that is involved in cellular response to ammonium ion.


hydrogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving H2 (dihydrogen).


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylphenylethylamine + H2O = acetate + phenylethylamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + L-tryptophan = diphosphate + 4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-L-tryptophan.


lymph gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is one of the sites of hemocyte differentiation. It consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.


translation repressor activity, non-nucleic acid binding

Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide but does not bind directly to nucleic acid.


negative regulation of intracellular mRNA localization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular mRNA localization.


Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication

The process that mediates interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the Purkinje myocyte communicating with a ventricular cardiac muscle cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


formation of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a syncytium, a multi-nucleate and physiologically active aggregation of fused root cells induced by a symbiotic nematode in a plant host. The syncytium exclusively provides the nematode with nourishment during its sedentary life, for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


dichotomous subdivision of prostate epithelial cord terminal unit

The process in which a prostate epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.


protein phosphate-linked glycosylation

The glycosylation of peptidyl-amino acids through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.


embryonic meristem initiation

Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant embryo that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation.


ACP phosphopantetheine attachment site binding

Binding to the attachment site of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group of an acyl carrier protein (ACP).


regulation of iron export across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of export of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


positive regulation of lactose biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.


phosphinothricin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphinothricin.


dimethylmalonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylmalonate + H+ = isobutyrate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-mannose + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-diphospho-trans,octacis-decaprenol <=> dTDP(3-) + alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-1-diphospho-trans,octacis-decaprenol + H+.


alpha-pinene dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + myrtenol.


lactoferrin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lactoferrin from one side of a membrane to the other.


antimicrobial peptide production

The synthesis or release of an antimicrobial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


short-day photoperiodism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that falls short of a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.


tri-n-butyltin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tri-n-butyltin, an organometallic compound composed of three butyl chains attached to a tin atom. Tri-n-butyltin is used as an antifouling agent in ship bottom paints and can be toxic to many marine organisms.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin 5.


zinc potentiation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission in the presence of zinc. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


positive regulation of muscle hypertrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.


transcription by RNA polymerase V

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase V, originating at a Pol V-specific promoter.


somatic diversification of immune receptors

The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences.


galactose-specific flocculation

The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to galactose residues on the other.


CDP-abequose epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose = CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-mannose.


neutrophic extracellular trap formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a neutrophil extracellular trap, a network of extracellular fibers primarily composed of DNA from neutrophils, which bind and neutralizes pathogens.


abducens nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the abducens nerve to attain its fully functional state. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in distinct antral spaces stage

The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in an organism's soma.


commitment of multipotent stem cells to neuronal lineage in forebrain

The initial commitment of cells whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into some type of neuron in the forebrain.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by acetylcholine

The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors and decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.


spore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spore wall; a spore wall is the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.


peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine

The modification of peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine.


central B cell selection

Any B cell selection process that occurs in the bone marrow.


microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material

The directed movement of the viral genome or viral particle within the host cell cytoplasm along host microtubules. Microtubule-dependent transport involves motor proteins like dynein and kinesin and is mostly used by viruses that target their genomes to the nucleus.


L-threonine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) into glycine and acetaldehyde, with acetaldehyde being subsequently converted to acetyl-CoA.


regulation of dipeptide transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of dipeptide transport. Dipeptide transport is the directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


chain elongation of O-linked mannose residue

Extension of the O-linked mannose residue of a mannoprotein by the stepwise addition of further mannose molecules.


peptidyl-glutamine modification

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix and contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage of an endochondral bone.


cellular response to L-thialysine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.


5-pyridoxate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-pyridoxate + NADPH + O2 = 2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate) + NADP+.


leghemoglobin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferrileghemoglobin = NADP+ + 2 ferroleghemoglobin.


N-terminal protein amino acid propionylation

The propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


gibberellin A20 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A20 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


hindbrain structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hindbrain. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


trans-zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


hypusine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypusine, N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.


lipoate-protein ligase activity

Catalysis of the lipoylation of a protein in two steps: ATP + (R)-lipoate + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP + diphosphate (overall reaction): (1) ATP + (R)-lipoate = lipoyl-AMP + diphosphate; (2) lipoyl-AMP + a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-L-lysine = a [lipoyl-carrier protein]-N6-(lipoyl)lysine + AMP.


gamma-curcumene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> gamma-curcumene + diphosphoric acid.


peptide cross-linking via 5'-(N6-L-lysine)-L-topaquinone

The cross-linking of the epsilon-amino group of a peptidyl-lysine with peptidyl-topaquinone, a modified tyrosine residue.


response to pullulan

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of pullulan stimulus.


acid-ammonia (or amide) ligase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to ammonia (NH3) or an amide via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


alpha-chamigrene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> alpha-chamigrene + diphosphoric acid.


maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation

Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation on a DNA template.


negative regulation of spore germination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination.


cephalosporin-C transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(5-carboxylato-5-oxopentanamido)deacetylcephalosporanate + D-glutamate = 2-oxoglutarate + cephalosporin C.


methyl-branched fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methyl-branched fatty acid.


molybdenum ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of molybdenum (Mo) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of JAK1 activity

Any process in which interferes with a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host JAK1 (Janus Kinase 1).


capsorubin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of capsorubin.


peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-aspartyl aldehyde

The reduction of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-aspartyl aldehyde, as found photosystem II P680 chlorophyll A apoprotein.


positive regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


septate junction assembly

The assembly of a septate junction, an intercellular junction found in invertebrate epithelia that is characterized by a ladder like appearance in electron micrographs and thought to provide structural strength and to provide a barrier to diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space.


negative regulation of defense response to oomycetes

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.


regulation of chemokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokinesis.


protein-phosphocysteine-L-ascorbate-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + L-ascorbate(out) = protein cysteine + L-ascorbate-6-phosphate(in).


neuron differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the neurons of the salivary gland.


D-allose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.


sulfate ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sulfate ions within an organism or cell.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


syn-stemod-13(17)-ene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemod-13(17)-ene + diphosphate.


cell rearrangement involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The movement of an epithelial cell with respect to other epithelial cells that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.


sorbitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase.


salivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


interphase

The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when prophase of meiosis or mitosis begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for meiosis or mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.


diaminobutyrate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + H+ = 1,3-diaminopropane + CO2.


ABC-type teichoic acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + teichoic acid(in) = ADP + phosphate + teichoic acid(out).


regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


viral genome ejection through host cell envelope, contractile tail mechanism

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm via a contractile tail ejection system consisting of a baseplate, a central tube and an external contractile sheath.  Upon binding to the host cell surface, the baseplate changes its conformation and triggers sheath contraction, driving the rigid internal tail tube through the cell envelope.


energy taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


clearance of cells from fusion plate by apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the semicircular canal by removing cells in the fusion plate, forming the loops of the canals.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis,cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate + OH- = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + acetate.


modulation of complement activation in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation in a different organism.


dihydrozeatin UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + dihydrozeatin <=> H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)dihydrozeatin + UDP.


plant-type cell wall loosening

The series of events causing chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that results in greater extensibility of the wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


fractalkine production

The appearance of fractalkine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


nor-spermidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


negative regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


pyridine nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any pyridine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.


carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carboxyl group of an acceptor molecule to form a methyl ester.


perturbation by symbiont of host actin cytoskeleton via inhibition of actin polymerization

The process in which an organism effects a change that disrupts the host actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting host actin from polymerizing. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


L-sorbose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 5-methylthiopentylhydroximate <=> H+ + 4-methylthiobutyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


phosphoglycerate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphoglycerates from one side of a membrane to the other. Phosphoglycerates are important intermediates in glycolysis and 3-phosphoglycerate is a precursor in serine biosynthesis.


ethylbenzene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + ethylbenzene + H2O = (S)-1-phenylethanol + AH(2).


regulation of synoviocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a bacterium, the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


cytochrome P450 dependent 12,13beta-epoxy-beta-amyrin hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 12,13beta-epoxy-beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> 12,13beta-epoxy-16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NAD(P).


methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanol

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanol is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


sex determination, establishment of X:A ratio

The developmental process in which an organism senses the number of X chromosomes and autosomes in its genomic complement and responds to it.


acetoin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoin + NAD+ = diacetyl + NADH + H+.


pollen aperture formation

The cellular component assembly process of forming pollen apertures, areas where exine is reduced or absent, in the pollen cell wall.


lys-lys specific dibasic protein processing

Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after two consecutive lysine amino acid residues within a protein.


pyridine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.


phosphocholine transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + protein-serine = CMP + protein-serine-choline phosphate.


dopaminechrome tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dopaminechrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole.


imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc.


epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the epicardium acquires specialized features of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell. A cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell covers the heart vasculature and lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers.


egg-laying behavior

A reproductive behavior that results in the deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). This reaction represents the reactivation of irradiated DNA by light.


polar nucleus fusion

The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized.


ectodermal placode morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an ectodermal placode are generated and organized. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.


electron transporter, transferring electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons within the noncyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.


response to D-galactosamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactosamine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylsalicylate + H+ = 3-cresol + CO2.


angioblast cell migration from lateral mesoderm to midline

The directed movement of angioblasts from the lateral mesoderm to the midline which occurs as part of the formation of the early midline vasculature.


ubiquitin-like protein-specific endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within a small protein such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO).


tyramine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tyramine = N-methyltyramine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the formation of the neural plate anterior/posterior pattern.


psychosine sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + galactosylsphingosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + psychosine sulfate.


positive regulation of protein kinase D signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase D signaling.


envenomation resulting in depletion of circulating fibrinogen in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + isocitrate = 2-caffeoylisocitrate + CoA.


UV-A, blue light phototransduction

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of 315 to 400 nm.


regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.


donor selection

The process that determines which donor locus a cell uses, in preference to another, in mating type switching.


modulation by symbiont of host molecular function

The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of a host protein via a direct interaction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


secondary metabolite catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


ecdysteroid 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 2.


bicyclogermacrene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bicyclogermacrene.


ornithine(lysine) transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-ornithine = H2O + L-glutamate + 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate.


regulation of gonad development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.


cellular response to capsazepine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a capsazepine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate + H2O = hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate + phosphate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + (S)-N-methylcanadine = H2O + NADP+ + allocryptopine.


regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

Any process in which blue light modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


polyterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the generation and the organization of the digestive tract.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone.


N,N-dimethylformamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylformamide + H2O = dimethylamine + formate.


11beta-hydroxyprogesterone binding

Binding to 11beta-hydroxyprogesterone.


carnitine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + H+ = 2-methylcholine + CO2.


xanthone-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a xanthone-containing compound.


intracellular abscisic acid homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of abscisic acid within a cell.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.


anterior neuropore closure

The joining together of the neural folds of the rostral opening of the neural tube. The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.


ecgonine methyl ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecgonine methyl ester.


intracellularly ATP-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane.


trypanothione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced glutathione + glutathionylspermidine + ATP = trypanothione + ADP + phosphate.


cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


clavaminate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: deoxyamidinoproclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = amidinoproclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + H2O; proclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = dihydroclavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O; and dihydroclavaminate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = clavaminate + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.


negative regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + H2O = 2-oxopent-4-enoate + chloride + H+ + NH4.


afferent axon development in posterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.


heme receptor activity

Binding specifically to heme to deliver it to a transport vesicle.


The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


cellular response to glucose-phosphate stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the accumulation of glucose-phosphate.


pentaerythritol tetranitrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentaerythritol tetranitrate, C(CH2-O-NO2)4, a substance produced for use as an explosive and a vasodilator.


regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.


UCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCU codon.


Golgi membrane fusion

The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the Golgi apparatus to form a single Golgi membrane.


limonene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.


TTPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTDP + H+ + phosphate.


alcohol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an alcohol from one side of a membrane to the other. An alcohol is any carbon compound that contains a hydroxyl group.


3-phenylpropionate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid.


peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-phenylalanine

The modification of a N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine residue by either oxidative deamination or by transamination and subsequent reduction to form peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid.


toluate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylbenzoate + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + 1,2-dihydroxymethylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate.


tRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation

Division of an imaginal disc-derived leg into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. The Drosophila leg, for example, has nine segments, each separated from the next by a flexible joint.


cytoplasmic icosahedral capsid assembly

The assembly of an icosahedral viral capsid in the cytoplasm. Often occurs by assembling around the viral genome.


regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning.


peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall. An example of this process is found in Escherichia coli.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trans-aconitate = (E)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)pent-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phytochromobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.


pigment cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte.


antifungal peptide production

The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide.


histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitinase activity

A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from the conserved C-terminal lysine residue of a histone H2B protein to which it is conjugated. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.


root epithelial mucilage biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


protein localization to cell cortex of cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex of the cell tip.


pentose catabolic process to propan-2-ol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentose to propan-2-ol.


hexitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaflet are generated and organized.


dITP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dITP (deoxyinosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyinosine 5'-triphosphate). dITP is a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.


cellular response to acetate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


alkylmercury lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alkylmercury + H+ = an alkane + Hg2+.


pigment granule dispersal

The directed movement of pigment granules within a cell towards the cell periphery.


regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerophosphate(n) + CDP-glycerol = glycerophosphate(n+1) + CMP.


alpha-farnesene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphate.


imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized.


regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.


cell wall modification involved in abscission

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of abscission.


positive regulation of inositol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.


morphogenesis of follicular epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized.


positive regulation of telium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.


stomatal complex formation

The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


pancreatic bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the pancreas forms a bud.


UUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUC codon.


tetracycline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.


D-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-iditol + NAD+ = D-sorbose + NADH.


response to lipoteichoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


negative regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.


Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by light sensitive cells in the integument.


regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


dormancy entry of symbiont in host

Entry into a dormant state of the symbiont within the host organism.


ABC-type thiosulfate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiosulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + thiosulfate(in).


regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that modulates the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate = 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene + H+ + 2 e- + CO2.


UDP-D-glucose:cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside = shisonin + UDP + H+.


scab formation

Formation of hardened covering (a scab) at a wound site. The scab has multiple functions including limiting blood loss, providing structural stability to the wound and guarding against infection.


acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.


spermidine:feruloyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a feruloyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


siderophore metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


positive regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


purine alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.


action potential propagation

The propagation of an action potential along the plane of an excitable membrane. Action potentials typically propagate once triggered because the depolarization of adjacent membrane regions due to an action potential crosses the firing threshold.


regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


directional guidance of interneurons involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that control the direction of migration of interneurons as a component of the process of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


peptidyl-lysine carboxylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-carboxy-L-lysine.


phosphoarginine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphoarginine, a phosphagen of L-arginine with phosphoric acid containing the phosphoamide bond. It is a source of energy in the contraction of muscle in invertebrates, corresponding to phosphocreatine in the muscles of vertebrates.


cellular response to tellurium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland bud morphogenesis

The process in which a cell of the mammary placode becomes a cell of the mammary gland bud.


positive regulation of flocculation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flocculation.


galactosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galactosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Galactosamine is an aminodeoxysugar; D-galactosamine is a constituent of some glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans, commonly as its N-acetyl derivative.


positive regulation of response to pullulan

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.


negative regulation of leaf development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose = cyanin betaine + ferulate + H+.


lateral root branching

Any process involved in the formation of branches in lateral roots.


nopaline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nopaline, (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.


thioglucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a thioglucoside + H2O = a thiol + a sugar.


response to topoisomerase inhibitor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus.


chlorate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + chlorate = A + chlorite + H2O + H+.


G protein-coupled folate receptor activity

Combining with folate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by activating an associated G-protein, initiating a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism.


indolalkylamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.


3-methylquinoline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.


cellular response to acadesine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.


anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized.


response to diphenidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenidol stimulus.


endocardial cushion cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of endocardial cushion cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


cellular response to trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.


pigment catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.


sinus venosus formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the sinus venosus from unspecified parts. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


pole cell formation

Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells.


maintenance of protein localization at growing cell tip

Any process in which localization of a protein is maintained at the growing cell tip.


root cap mucilage metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


homoserine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + NADP+ = L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde + NADPH + H+.


regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.


URM1 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-URM1 + S = X + S-URM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-URM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-URM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


thymocyte aggregation

The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.


pentaerythritol trinitrate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pentaerythritol trinitrate + NADPH = NADP+ + nitrate + pentaerythritol dinitrate.


ribonuclease U2 activity

Catalysis of the two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Ap or Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


cell wall disassembly involved in floral organ abscission

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall that contributes to the process of floral organ abscission.


guanosine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).


cyclodextrin binding

Binding to cyclodextrin.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + HCO3-.


regulation of catecholamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyethylbenzene + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxoocta-2,4-dienoate.


regulation of cell wall macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell wall macromolecule metabolism. Cell wall macromolecule metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.


Catalysis of the reaction 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate = pyruvate + (S)-lactaldehyde.


tensidol A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tensidol A.


allose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


Catalysis of the reaction: GlcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala + H2O glcNAc-1,6-anhMurNAc + L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-DAP-D-Ala.


extensin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving extensins, a group of 60-90 kDNA hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins whose polypeptide backbone consists of many repeats of structural Ser(Hyp)4-6 motifs, with heavily glycosylated 1-4 arabinose residues O-linked to contiguous stretches of Hyp residues, with most of the Ser residues being O-galactosylated.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 17-methylnonadec-1-ene.


rebaudioside B glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: rebaudioside B + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> rebaudioside A + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


adhesion of symbiont to host epithelial cell

The attachment of a symbiont to a host epithelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


mechanoreceptor differentiation involved in mechanosensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new mechanoreceptors to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


RAM/MOR signaling pathway

An intracellular signaling pathway that regulates interphase polarized growth and cell separation at the end of cytokinesis through activation of the NDR1/2-related kinase.


positive regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.


protein-serine epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (protein)-L-serine = (protein)-D-serine.


intracellular histidine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of histidine within a cell.


Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in a beta-1,3 linkage to the mannose(beta-1,4)Glc disaccharide core of glycolipids.


maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the amide bond between IAA (auxin) and the conjugated amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction (4S)-4-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,3-dione = 3-hydroxy-5-phosphonooxypentane-2,4-dione.


vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of vanadium a metallo-sulfur cluster such as VFe(7-8)S(n).


RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile

Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure.


stomatal movement

The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata).


cytosine binding

Binding to cytosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + a fatty acid.


maturation of 5S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


positive regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


positive regulation of relaxation of muscle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.


The methylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-tyrosine.


negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


DNA recombinase disassembly

The disaggregation of a DNA recombinase complex into its constituent strand exchange proteins (recombinases).


mesonephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.


chloroplast disassembly

The disaggregation of a chloroplast into its constituent components.


regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.


negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + oxaloacetate = malate + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucarolactone + sinapoyl-CoA = O-sinapoylglucarolactone + CoA.


N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine biosynthesis from histidine

The pathway resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine from histidine. Histidine undergoes three methylations by a histidine-alpha-N-methyltransferase (EC:2.1.1.44) to form N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine or histidine betaine).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3,3'-disulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + CDP-ethanolamine = L-serine-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + galactarate = 2-(E)-O-feruloyl-D-galactarate + CoA.


xylem vessel member cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vessel member cell. A vessel member cell is one of the components of a vessel in the xylem. It is a dead cell with the wall between adjacent members being variously perforated and the walls that persist variously thickened.


perianth development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the perianth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The perianth is a collective phyllome structure composed of two or more petals, sepals, or tepals.


eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer 6C-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 6C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol + UDP + H+.


regulation of phospholipid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.


regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + O2 + H2O = HCl + 2 H+ + 2-chloromaleylacetate.


reductive pentose-phosphate cycle

The fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) as glucose in the chloroplasts of C3 plants; uses ATP and NADPH formed in the light reactions of photosynthesis; carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (catalyzed by the function of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) to yield two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate; these are then phosphorylated by ATP to 1,3-bisphosphateglyceraldehyde which, in turn, is then reduced by NADPH to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to fructose 5-phosphate and ribulose 5-phosphate by aldolase and other enzymes; the ribulose 5-phosphate is phosphorylated by ATP to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.


regulation of transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.


hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron located in the hypothalamus. These neurons release gonadotrophin-releasing hormone as a neural transmitter.


plant ovule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of (R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid.


gametophyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gametophyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gametophyte is the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle having alternation of generations. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


negative regulation of mesoderm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.


undecan-2-one metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving undecan-2-one.


positive regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + ATP = (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate + AMP + 2 H+.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation that is involved in phenotypic switching.


chlorophyllide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllides, any chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain such as phytyl or farnesyl.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> H+ + quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


betaine aldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine aldehyde.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + UDP-D-glucose = 5'-O-beta-D-glucosylpyridoxine + H+ + UDP.


protocatechuate catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield oxaloacetate and pyruvate.


fluconazole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fluconazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections.


tail spike morphogenesis

The process in which the nematode tail spike is generated and organized. An example of this process is seen in C. elegans, where the tapered tail spike is formed during embryogenesis by a filamentous process that passes posteriorly through hyp10, the tail ventral hypodermis; the filamentous process is formed by a binucleate cell, the tail-spike cell, that subsequently undergoes programmed cell death.


nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of austinol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.


nitrite reductase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ammonium hydroxide + 3 NADP+ + H2O = nitrite + 3 NADPH + 3 H+.


germacrene A acid 8beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 8beta-hydroxy-germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + NADP + H2O.


positive regulation of placenta blood vessel development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of placenta blood vessel development.


positive regulation of kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a D-threo-aldose + NAD+ = a D-threo-aldono-1,5-lactone + NADH.


positive regulation of cell migration by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the orderly movement of a cell from one site to another.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces quinone or similar compound.


femoral head articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of femoral head articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-glucose + diphosphate.


transcription antitermination factor activity, RNA binding

Binds to RNA, typically within the nascent RNA transcript, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind the nascent RNA include the lambda N protein and the HIV-1 tat protein.


response to boron-containing substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a boron-containing substance stimulus.


tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(n+1) + phosphate = tRNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.


pyridoxine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-methylpropionitrile + O2 + NADPH <=> 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile + NADP + H2O.


DNA synthesis involved in DNA replication

Synthesis of DNA that is a part of the process of duplicating one or more molecules of DNA.


3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + HBr.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(N-formyl)-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formiminopyruvate + formate.


pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


DNA-templated transcriptional start site selection

Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


peptide cross-linking via 3'-(O4'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine

The modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(O4'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chlorobenzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + chloride + NAD+ + CO2.


floral whorl formation

The process that gives rise to the floral whorl. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.


regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


protein localization to cortical endoplasmic reticulum

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cortical endoplasmic reticulum.


glycine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NH3 + NADH.


positive regulation of metula development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


negative regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation.


ITPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ITP + H2O = IDP + H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + L-alanyl-tRNA(Ala) = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-alanyl)-sn-glycerol + tRNA(Ala).


photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I

A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP.


galactomannan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.


regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


mesenchymal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a mesenchymal cell.


histone deubiquitinase activity

A deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone protein to which it is conjugated.


emericellin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellin.


atrichoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an atrichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair.


3-chlorobenzoate-3,4-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 3-chlorobenzoate-cis-3,4-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


high-affinity glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutamine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


anther wall tapetum cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anther cell wall tapetum cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


methanophenazine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanophenazine.


archaeal or bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to movement of bacterial- or archaeal-type flagella.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + queuosine34 in tRNA(Asp) = GDP + H+ + O-4''-alpha-D-mannosylqueuosine34 in tRNA(Asp).


regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


homophytochelatin synthase activity (polymer-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + a poly gamma-glutamylcysteine-beta-alanine = glycine + a poly gamma-glutamylcysteine-beta-alanine.


cellular response to nitrogen dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.


leaf formation

The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = NH4 + oxaloacetate.


chlorite O2-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chloride + O2 = chlorite.


formylaspartate deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-aspartate + H2O = formate + L-aspartate.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


positive regulation of actin filament-based movement

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement.


regulation of detection of glucose

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.


cell communication involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


maintenance of viral latency

The perpetuation of a latent state, generally by repressing the viruses own lytic genes expression and ensuring expression of viral genes which function to keep the viral genome from being detected by the host defense mechanisms.


RNA capping

The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which a cap structure is added to the 5' end of nascent RNA polymerase transcripts. Examples of RNA capping include 7-methyl-G caps found on all RNA polymerase II transcripts and nucleotide-containing cofactor caps, such as NAD(H) or FAD, found on bacterial trancripts.


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion fluxes as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular modified histidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


oogonium stage

The stage in mammalian oogenesis when the primordial germ cell is hardly distinguishable from other cortical cells of the ovary.


Catalysis of the reaction: Cypridina luciferin + O2 = oxidized Cypridina luciferin + CO2 + light.


negative regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


benzonitrile metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzonitrile. Benzonitrile is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, dyestuffs and rubber industries. It is highly toxic and harmful in contact with skin.


beta-zeacarotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-zeacarotene.


P-type zinc transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(out).


phenylethylamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


positive regulation of sterol import

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sterol import.


anterior midgut invagination

Internalization of the anterior midgut into the interior of the embryo.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA.


origin recognition complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an origin recognition complex.


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


pronephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric nephron are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.


tRNA adenosine deamination to inosine

The removal of an amine group from an adenosine to produce inosine within a tRNA molecule.


regulation of leaf development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf development.


succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl (3-carboxypropanoyl) group to an acceptor molecule.


regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


glycogen cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glycogen cell of the placenta. A glycogen cell is a vacuolated glycogen-rich cell that appears in compact cell islets of the spongiotrophoblast layer.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


regulation of cell communication involved in growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication that contributes to the shaping of the growth plate cartilage.


tyramine N-feruloyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + tyramine = CoA + N-feruloyltyramine.


negative regulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


ground meristem histogenesis

The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues.


lagging strand initiation

The process in which the synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction is started.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-aspartate = L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate.


xylem development

The formation of the principal water-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.


purine deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a purine deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


regulation of aorta morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + 2-oxoglutarate = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + D-glutamate.


organic hydroxy compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic hydroxy compound from one side of a membrane to the other.


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


amidinoaspartase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-amidino-L-aspartate + H2O = L-aspartate + urea.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.


pheromone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


glyoxylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD(P)+ = glyoxylate + NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesonephric nephron development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the progression of the mesonephric nephron over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


thiosulfate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 thiosulfate + 2 ferricytochrome c = tetrathionate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


regulation of nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.