regulation of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.


regulation of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential.


NF1_HUMAN Neurofibromin (sprot)

A neurofibromin that is encoded in the genome of human.


mast cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a mast cell, a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


positive regulation of mast cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.


negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


regulation of glial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.


negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion, neurotransmission

The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell, in which the gamma-aminobutyric acid acts as a neurotransmitter.


glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

The controlled release of glutamate by a cell, in which the glutamate acts as a neurotransmitter.


observational learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.


regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a vascular associated smooth muscle cell from one site to another.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


AOFA_HUMAN Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A (sprot)

An amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A that is encoded in the genome of human.


aliphatic amine oxidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


monoamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RCH2NHR' + H2O + O2 = RCHO + R'NH2 + H2O2.


ACOHC_HUMAN Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase (sprot)

A cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase that is encoded in the genome of human.


aconitate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = isocitrate. The reaction occurs in two steps: (1) citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O, (2) cis-aconitate + H2O = isocitrate. This reaction is the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate via the labile, enzyme-bound intermediate cis-aconitate. Water is removed from one part of the citrate molecule and added back to a different atom to form isocitrate.


iron-responsive element binding

Binding to an iron-responsive element, a regulatory sequence found in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding many iron-binding proteins.


3 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding

Binding to a 3 iron, 4 sulfur (3Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of three iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. It is essentially a 4Fe-4S cluster with one iron missing.


response to iron(II) ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.


MDR3_HUMAN Phosphatidylcholine translocator ABCB4 (sprot)

A phosphatidylcholine translocator ABCB4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of phospholipid translocation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.


response to fenofibrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fenofibrate stimulus.


cellular response to bile acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.


NK2R_HUMAN Substance-K receptor (sprot)

A substance-K receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


tachykinin receptor activity

Combining with a tachykinin neuropeptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


tachykinin receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by tachykinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. Tachykinin is a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2).


positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.


intestine smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the intestine. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The intestine is the section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine.


S1PR1_HUMAN Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (sprot)

A sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sphingolipid binding

Binding to a sphingolipid, a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


cardiac muscle tissue growth involved in heart morphogenesis

The developmental growth of cardiac muscle tissue that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


FPR1_HUMAN fMet-Leu-Phe receptor (sprot)

An fMet-Leu-Phe receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


N-formyl peptide receptor activity

Combining with an N-formyl peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


ZNF10_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 10 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AGT1_HUMAN Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase (sprot)

An alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


serine-pyruvate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + glyoxylate = pyruvate + glycine.


transaminase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


L-serine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


glyoxylate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.


glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine by the transamination of glyoxylate.


L-cysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


L-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


glyoxylate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.


oxalic acid secretion

The controlled release of oxalic acid, ethanedioic acid, by a cell or a tissue.


CNR1_HUMAN Cannabinoid receptor 1 (sprot)

A cannabinoid receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cannabinoid receptor activity

Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


negative regulation of serotonin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


negative regulation of mast cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.


cannabinoid signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a cannabinoid binding to its receptor on the cell surface, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


regulation of penile erection

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.


trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of endocannabinoid ligands, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


SYT1_HUMAN Synaptotagmin-1 (sprot)

A synaptotagmin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


syntaxin-3 binding

Binding to a syntaxin-3 SNAP receptor.


vesicle docking

The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.


spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the absence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.


synchronous neurotransmitter secretion

Release of neurotransmitter at the synapse that lasts for just a few milliseconds after action potential invasion.


fast, calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

The fast, initial phase of calcium ion-induced neurotransmitter release, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft. This depends on low affinity calcium sensors and typically begins a fraction of a millisecond after Ca2+ influx, and decays rapidly (1-10ms) with a decay constant of around 5-10ms. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are distinct from those of the later, slow phase of release.


calcium-dependent activation of synaptic vesicle fusion

The regulatory process by which increased cytosolic calcium levels lead to the the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic active zone membrane by bringing primed synaptic vesicle membrane into contact with membrane presynaptic active zone membrane.


positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.


regulation of regulated secretory pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.


TNAP3_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of germinal center formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


response to muramyl dipeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


protein K11-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K11-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


negative regulation of B cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.


regulation of vascular wound healing

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.


establishment of protein localization to vacuole

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole.


negative regulation of CD40 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.


SCF_HUMAN Kit ligand (sprot)

A kit ligand that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.


negative regulation of mast cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.


mast cell migration

The movement of a mast cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


positive regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.


5NTD_HUMAN 5'-nucleotidase (sprot)

A 5'-nucleotidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


5'-deoxynucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H20=a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside + phosphate.


thymidylate 5'-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thymidylate + H2O = thymidine + phosphate.


IMP 5'-nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-IMP + H2O = inosine + phosphate.


GMP 5'-nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-GMP + H2O = guanosine + phosphate.


ADP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


adenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


SAT1_HUMAN Diamine acetyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A diamine acetyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


diamine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine = CoA + an N-acetyldiamine.


N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


putrescine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


spermidine acetylation

The modification of spermidine by addition of acetyl groups.


TAF1_HUMAN Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 1 (sprot)

A transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


acetyl-CoA binding

Binding to acetyl-CoA, an acyl-CoA having acetyl as its S-acetyl component.


H3K27me3 modified histone binding

Binding to a histone H3 in which the lysine residue at position 27 has been modified by trimethylation.


regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition

Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.


negative regulation of protein autoubiquitination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.


positive regulation of androgen receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androgen receptor activity.


GPDA_HUMAN Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], cytoplasmic (sprot)

A glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a quinone = glycerone phosphate + a quinol.


glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = glycerone phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.


glycerophosphate shuttle

The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.


glycerol-3-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


glycerolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. Diacylglycerol and phosphatidate are key lipid intermediates of glycerolipid biosynthesis.


biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form glycerone phosphate.


EPHA1_HUMAN Ephrin type-A receptor 1 (sprot)

An ephrin type-A receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


transmembrane-ephrin receptor activity

Combining with a transmembrane ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.


DRD1_HUMAN D(1A) dopamine receptor (sprot)

A D(1A) dopamine receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gs to initiate a change in cell activity.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine to initiate a change in cell activity.


habituation

A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented.


sensitization

An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched.


C5AR1_HUMAN C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 (sprot)

A C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


complement component C5a receptor activity

Combining with the C5a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


complement component C5a signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a C5a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. C5a is a peptide derived from the C5 complement factor.


regulation of tau-protein kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.


TA2R_HUMAN Thromboxane A2 receptor (sprot)

A thromboxane A2 receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


thromboxane A2 receptor activity

Combining with thromboxane A2 (TXA(2)) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein.


second-messenger-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell.


thromboxane A2 signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thromboxane A2 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


MK_HUMAN Midkine (sprot)

A midkine that is encoded in the genome of human.


cerebellar granular layer development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar granule layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


defecation

The expulsion of feces from the rectum.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis.


positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding.


positive regulation of artery morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.


ZP3_HUMAN Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3 (sprot)

A zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


structural constituent of egg coat

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an egg coat. An egg coat is a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development.


positive regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


positive regulation of humoral immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.


egg coat formation

Construction of an egg coat, a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development.


negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.


positive regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antral ovarian follicle growth.


egg coat

A specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of the ovum of animals. The egg coat provides structural support and can play an essential role in oogenesis, fertilization and early development.


MSRE_HUMAN Macrophage scavenger receptor types I and II (sprot)

A macrophage scavenger receptor types I and II that is encoded in the genome of human.


FGF7_HUMAN Fibroblast growth factor 7 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VDAC1_HUMAN Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (sprot)

A voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ceramide binding

Binding to a ceramide, a class of lipids composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid. Ceramides are a major component of cell membranes.


negative regulation of calcium import into the mitochondrion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into the mitochondrion.


positive regulation of parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parkin-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


FGFR2_HUMAN Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


endochondral bone growth

The increase in size or mass of an endochondral bone that contributes to the shaping of the bone.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow cell

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in hemopoiesis

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to hemopoiesis.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.


prostate gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a prostate gland are generated and organized.


squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a fibroblast growth factor to its receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.


lateral sprouting from an epithelium

The process in which a branch forms along the side of an epithelium.


regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized.


PGS1_HUMAN Biglycan (sprot)

A biglycan that is encoded in the genome of human.


articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


SIAL_HUMAN Bone sialoprotein 2 (sprot)

A bone sialoprotein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RYR1_HUMAN Ryanodine receptor 1 (sprot)

A ryanodine receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


calcium-induced calcium release activity

Enables transmembrane transfer of calcium ions from an intracellular store to the cytosol on induction by increased calcium concentration.


response to caffeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.


ryanodine receptor complex

A voltage-gated calcium-release channel complex of the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum. It plays an important role in the excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling of muscle cells. RyR comprises a family of ryanodine receptors, widely expressed throughout the animal kingdom.


CD72_HUMAN B-cell differentiation antigen CD72 (sprot)

A CD72 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


ERBB3_HUMAN Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 (sprot)

A receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cranial nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


SDHB_HUMAN Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial (sprot)

A succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + ubiquinone = fumarate + ubiquinol.


fumarate reductase (menaquinone)

Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + a menaquinol = succinate + a menaquinone.


DRD4_HUMAN D(4) dopamine receptor (sprot)

A D(4) dopamine receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


inhibitory postsynaptic potential

A process that causes a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


DRD5_HUMAN D(1B) dopamine receptor (sprot)

A D(1B) dopamine receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport.


norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure.


regulation of female receptivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the willingness or readiness of a female to receive male advances.


CD9_HUMAN CD9 antigen (sprot)

A CD9 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


MATN1_HUMAN Cartilage matrix protein (sprot)

A cartilage matrix protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte in the growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


ODBB_HUMAN 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial (sprot)

A 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


COMT_HUMAN Catechol O-methyltransferase (sprot)

A catechol O-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


catechol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a catechol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a guaiacol.


L-dopa O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopa + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3-O-methyldopa + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


orcinol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: orcinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3-methoxy-5-hydroxytoluene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of phosphate.


catecholamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


norepinephrine secretion

The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system.


mastication

The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing.


TGM2_HUMAN Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 (sprot)

A protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein-glutamine glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamine + H2O = protein L-glutamate + NH3.


histone serotonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutaminyl-[histone] + serotonin = 5-serotonyl-L-glutamyl-[histone] + NH4(+).


histone dopaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dopamine + L-glutaminyl-[histone] = 5-dopaminyl-L-glutamyl-[histone] + NH4(+).


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-noradrenaline + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-(R)-noradrenalinyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+).


peptide histaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-histaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein].


protein deamination

The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid.


cellular response to serotonin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus.


regulation of apoptotic cell clearance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic cell clearance.


KCNA3_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel subunit KCNA3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BMP5_HUMAN Bone morphogenetic protein 5 (sprot)

A bone morphogenetic protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BMP6_HUMAN Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (sprot)

A bone morphogenetic protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.


positive regulation of aldosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.


MUTA_HUMAN Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA.


succinyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinyl-CoA.


OSBP1_HUMAN Oxysterol-binding protein 1 (sprot)

An oxysterol-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sterol transfer activity

Removes a sterol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


sterol transport

The directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


ceramide transport

The directed movement of ceramides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Ceramides are a class of lipid composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid.


positive regulation of secretory granule organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization.


PIMT_HUMAN Protein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase (sprot)

A protein-L-isoaspartate(D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-beta-aspartate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-beta-aspartate methyl ester.


protein repair

The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues.


PERL_HUMAN Lactoperoxidase (sprot)

A lactoperoxidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


thiocyanate peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiocyanate (SCN-) + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) = hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) + 2 H2O. Catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of thiocyanate.


thiocyanate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiocyanate, the anion of thiocyanic acid, a toxic cyanide derivative commonly formed as a by-product in the production of gas for fuel, coke, and substances for chemical industries.


FUT4_HUMAN Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 4 (sprot)

An alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


lymphocyte migration into lymph node

The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into a lymph node, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen.


regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


FBRL_HUMAN rRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin (sprot)

An rRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H2AQ104 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-glutamine (position 104) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N5-methyl-glutamine (position 104). Note that this corresponds to  Q105 in yeast.


rRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule.


snoRNA localization

Any process in which small nucleolar RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


RS4Y1_HUMAN Small ribosomal subunit protein eS4, Y isoform 1 (sprot)

A 40S ribosomal protein S4, Y isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PUR2_HUMAN Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 (sprot)

A trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ATP + glycine = N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide = tetrahydrofolate + N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide.


TENX_HUMAN Tenascin-X (sprot)

A tenascin-X that is encoded in the genome of human.


collagen fibril binding

Binding to a collagen fibril.


positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta activation.


positive regulation of cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.


tenascin complex

A extracellular matrix complex involved in cell adhesion and cell migration. Typically homotrimeric or homohexameric. In mammals, four complexes exist: Tenascin-C, Tenascin-N (also known as Tenascin-W), Tenascin-X and Tenascin-R.


CADH3_HUMAN Cadherin-3 (sprot)

A cadherin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme monophenol oxygenase.


negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.


negative regulation of timing of catagen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.


regulation of hair cycle by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the hair cycle.


positive regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


PUR6_HUMAN Bifunctional phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (sprot)

A bifunctional phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase/phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate + L-aspartate + ATP = (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole + CO2 = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate.


purine nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.


IL10_HUMAN Interleukin-10 (sprot)

An interleukin-10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


interleukin-10 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-10 receptor.


negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


negative regulation of interferon-alpha production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.


negative regulation of interleukin-18 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.


response to carbon monoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.


negative regulation of cytokine activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.


negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5.


regulation of response to wounding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding.


ACES_HUMAN Acetylcholinesterase (sprot)

An acetylcholinesterase that is encoded in the genome of human.


acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission.


regulation of receptor recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of receptor recycling.


acetylcholine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


IDS_HUMAN Iduronate 2-sulfatase (sprot)

An iduronate 2-sulfatase that is encoded in the genome of human.


iduronate-2-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 2-sulfate groups of the L-iduronate 2-sulfate units of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin.


SCP2_HUMAN Sterol carrier protein 2 (sprot)

A sterol carrier protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = CoA + 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-24-oxo-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = 3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA.


positive regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.


lipid hydroperoxide transport

The directed movement of a lipid hydroperoxide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


UD11_HUMAN UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (sprot)

A UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


bilirubin conjugation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bilirubin monoglucuronide or bilirubin diglucuronide, water-soluble derivatives of bilirubin.


negative regulation of steroid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.


biphenyl catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


cytochrome complex

A protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.


UD14_HUMAN UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (sprot)

A UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBA1_HUMAN Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 (sprot)

A ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GPX3_HUMAN Glutathione peroxidase 3 (sprot)

A glutathione peroxidase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCL1_HUMAN C-C motif chemokine 1 (sprot)

A C-C motif chemokine 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NDKB_HUMAN Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (sprot)

A nucleoside diphosphate kinase B that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein histidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein phospho-L-histidine.


G-quadruplex DNA binding

Binding to G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad. The stacking of guanine tetrads results in G-quadruplex DNA structures. G-quadruplex DNA can form under physiological conditions from some G-rich sequences, such as those found in telomeres, immunoglobulin switch regions, gene promoters, fragile X repeats, and the dimerization domain in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome.


regulation of epidermis development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.


ENPP1_HUMAN Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 (sprot)

An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end.


GTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GMP + H+ + diphosphate.


ATP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = AMP + H+ + diphosphate.


Binding to 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


cyclic-GMP-AMP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic GMP-AMP + 2 H2O = AMP + GMP.


negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.


negative regulation of hh target transcription factor activity

Any process that decreases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates members of the Gli protein family are activated by Hedgehog signaling.


USF1_HUMAN Upstream stimulatory factor 1 (sprot)

An upstream stimulatory factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


carbon catabolite regulation of transcription

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources.


FGFR4_HUMAN Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.


regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids.


KCNA4_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel alpha subunit KCNA4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNA5_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel subunit KCNA5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potential repolarization

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a bundle of His cell contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an atrial cardiomyocyte contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential repolarization

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an SA node cell contributing to the repolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


membrane repolarization during bundle of His cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the bundle of His cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


membrane repolarization during SA node cell action potential

The process in which an SA node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the atrial cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


GALA_HUMAN Galanin peptides (sprot)

A galanin that is encoded in the genome of human.


type 1 galanin receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 galanin receptor.


type 2 galanin receptor binding

Binding to a type 2 galanin receptor.


type 3 galanin receptor binding

Binding to a type 3 galanin receptor.


regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.


positive regulation of timing of catagen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.


H1T_HUMAN Histone H1t (sprot)

A histone H1t that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPR1B_HUMAN Cornifin-B (sprot)

A cornifin-B that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPR2E_HUMAN Small proline-rich protein 2E (sprot)

A small proline-rich protein 2E that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPR2D_HUMAN Small proline-rich protein 2D (sprot)

A small proline-rich protein 2D that is encoded in the genome of human.


HEM0_HUMAN 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial (sprot)

A 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADRO_HUMAN NADPH:adrenodoxin oxidoreductase, mitochondrial (sprot)

An NADPH:adrenodoxin oxidoreductase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADPH + H+.


FGFR3_HUMAN Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of developmental growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.


KAPCG_HUMAN cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma (sprot)

A cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


ROA2_HUMAN Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 (sprot)

A heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


single-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Binding to single-stranded telomere-associated DNA.


G-quadruplex DNA unwinding

The process by which G-quadruplex (also known as G4) DNA, which is a four-stranded DNA structure held together by guanine base pairing, is unwound or 'melted'.


RNA transport

The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening.


positive regulation of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity.


miRNA transport

The directed movement of microRNA (miRNA) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


RFX1_HUMAN MHC class II regulatory factor RFX1 (sprot)

An MHC class II regulatory factor RFX1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCNO_HUMAN Cyclin-O (sprot)

A cyclin-O that is encoded in the genome of human.


CALB2_HUMAN Calretinin (sprot)

A calretinin that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP7A1_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 7A1 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 7A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol + NADP+ + H2O.


cholesterol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


CBL_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of Rap protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rap protein signal transduction.


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.


IBP4_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KAPCB_HUMAN cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta (sprot)

A cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


QCR2_HUMAN Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

A cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


GTR5_HUMAN Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 5 (sprot)

A solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


fructose import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of fructose substance from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


TGM1_HUMAN Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K (sprot)

A protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K that is encoded in the genome of human.


cell envelope organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.


NR4A1_HUMAN Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (sprot)

A nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


neurotransmitter secretion involved in regulation of skeletal muscle contraction

The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft involved in skeletal muscle contraction. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.


cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.


non-canonical inflammasome complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-canonical inflammasome complex.


CAH4_HUMAN Carbonic anhydrase 4 (sprot)

A carbonic anhydrase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GNLY_HUMAN Granulysin (sprot)

A granulysin that is encoded in the genome of human.


AAAD_HUMAN Arylacetamide deacetylase (sprot)

An arylacetamide deacetylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


CPN2_HUMAN Carboxypeptidase N subunit 2 (sprot)

A carboxypeptidase N subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EVI2A_HUMAN Protein EVI2A (sprot)

A protein EVI2A that is encoded in the genome of human.


HEMH_HUMAN Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A ferrochelatase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ferrochelatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: heme B (protoheme) + H+ = Fe(2+) + protoporphyrin IX.


detection of UV

The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by heme

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation as a result of heme levels.


protoporphyrinogen IX metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving protoporphyrinogen IX, the specific substrate for the enzyme ferrochelatase, which catalyzes the insertion of iron to form protoheme. It is probably also the substrate for chlorophyll formation.


regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


LSHR_HUMAN Lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor (sprot)

A lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


luteinizing hormone receptor activity

Combining with luteinizing hormone (also called lutropin) to initiate a change in cell activity.


choriogonadotropin hormone receptor activity

Combining with the choriogonadotropin hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


choriogonadotropin hormone binding

Binding to choriogonadotropin hormone, a heterodimer, with an alpha subunit identical to that of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and a unique beta subunit.


positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.


development of secondary male sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In male humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, and testicular/penile enlargement. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.


regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.


PROZ_HUMAN Vitamin K-dependent protein Z (sprot)

A vitamin K-dependent protein Z that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP8_HUMAN Neutrophil collagenase (sprot)

A neutrophil collagenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRC1_HUMAN Macrophage mannose receptor 1 (sprot)

A macrophage mannose receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRYGS_HUMAN Gamma-crystallin S (sprot)

A gamma-crystallin S that is encoded in the genome of human.


XPA_HUMAN DNA repair protein complementing XP-A cells (sprot)

A DNA repair protein complementing XP-A cells that is encoded in the genome of human.


HV102_HUMAN Immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-2 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the IGHV1-2 gene in human.


AMPD1_HUMAN AMP deaminase 1 (sprot)

An AMP deaminase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AMP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H2O = IMP + NH3.


EST1_HUMAN Liver carboxylesterase 1 (sprot)

A liver carboxylesterase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cholesterol ester hydrolysis involved in cholesterol transport

The cholesterol metabolic process in which cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed into free fatty acids and cholesterol in the lysosome that contributes to intracellular cholesterol transport.


regulation of bile acid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue.


FBLN1_HUMAN Fibulin-1 (sprot)

A fibulin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TCEA1_HUMAN Transcription elongation factor A protein 1 (sprot)

A transcription elongation factor A protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PGH1_HUMAN Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (sprot)

A prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


ITA6_HUMAN Integrin alpha-6 (sprot)

An integrin alpha-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


integrin alpha6-beta4 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta4 subunit.


SFPQ_HUMAN Splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich (sprot)

A splicing factor, proline- and glutamine-rich that is encoded in the genome of human.


TBG1_HUMAN Tubulin gamma-1 chain (sprot)

A tubulin gamma-1 chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


polar microtubule

Any of the spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. This interdigitating structure consisting of antiparallel microtubules is responsible for pushing the poles of the spindle apart.


gamma-tubulin complex

A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species.


KELL_HUMAN Kell blood group glycoprotein (sprot)

A kell blood group glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAH6_HUMAN Carbonic anhydrase 6 (sprot)

A carbonic anhydrase 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PPIB_HUMAN Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (sprot)

A eukaryotic peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of post-translational protein modification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.


positive regulation by host of viral genome replication

A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


S10A1_HUMAN Protein S100-A1 (sprot)

A protein S100-A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SRCH_HUMAN Sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein (sprot)

A sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.


KALM_HUMAN Anosmin-1 (sprot)

An anosmin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAOM_HUMAN NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial (sprot)

An NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


malic enzyme activity

Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of malate with the concomitant production of pyruvate.


malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = pyruvate + CO2 + NADH + H+.


oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate = pyruvate + CO2.


regulation of NADP metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NADP metabolic process.


GCSP_HUMAN Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial (sprot)

A glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + lipoylprotein = S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein + CO2.


pyridoxal binding

Binding to pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde, a form of vitamin B6.


glycine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.


response to methylamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.


response to lipoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.


SYWC_HUMAN Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic (sprot)

A tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human.


tryptophan-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-tryptophan + tRNA(Trp) = AMP + diphosphate + L-tryptophanyl-tRNA(Trp).


tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. The tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a tryptophan-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


RS3_HUMAN Small ribosomal subunit protein uS3 (sprot)

A 40S ribosomal protein S3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


oxidized pyrimidine DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized pyrimidine residue.


small ribosomal subunit rRNA binding

Binding to small ribosomal subunit RNA (SSU rRNA), a constituent of the small ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 18S rRNA.


positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


negative regulation of DNA repair

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.


response to TNF agonist

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a TNF agonist stimulus.


positive regulation of base-excision repair

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of base-excision repair.


NF-kappaB complex

A protein complex that consists of a homo- or heterodimer of members of a family of structurally related proteins that contain a conserved N-terminal region called the Rel homology domain (RHD). In the nucleus, NF-kappaB complexes act as transcription factors. In unstimulated cells, NF-kappaB dimers are sequestered in the cytoplasm by IkappaB monomers; signals that induce NF-kappaB activity cause degradation of IkappaB, allowing NF-kappaB dimers to translocate to the nucleus and induce gene expression.


MYF6_HUMAN Myogenic factor 6 (sprot)

A myogenic factor 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GLRA1_HUMAN Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 (sprot)

A glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


taurine binding

Binding to taurine.


synaptic transmission, glycinergic

The vesicular release of glycine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glycine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


righting reflex

A reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position.


GLRA2_HUMAN Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 (sprot)

A glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GCSH_HUMAN Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial (sprot)

A glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


aminomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-tetrahydrofolate + S-aminomethyldihydrolipoylprotein = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NH3 + dihydrolipoylprotein.


glycine cleavage complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine. In E. coli, it has four components: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), lipoyl-GcvH-protein and aminomethyltransferase, also known as L, P, H, and T.


CBLN1_HUMAN Cerebellin-1 (sprot)

A cerebellin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory synapse assembly.


KS6B1_HUMAN Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (sprot)

A ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TOR signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors.


response to leucine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.


JAK1_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-9 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


PTPRB_HUMAN Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTPRD_HUMAN Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta that is encoded in the genome of human.


trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a trans-synaptic protein complex.


PTPRE_HUMAN Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTPRG_HUMAN Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase gamma (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTPRZ_HUMAN Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta that is encoded in the genome of human.


perineuronal net

A dense extracellular matrix (ECM) that forms around many neuronal cell bodies and dendrites late in development and is responsible for synaptic stabilization in the adult brain.


LORI_HUMAN Loricrin (sprot)

A loricrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


SP100_HUMAN Nuclear autoantigen Sp-100 (sprot)

A nuclear autoantigen Sp-100 that is encoded in the genome of human.


chromo shadow domain binding

Binding to a chromo shadow domain, a protein domain that is distantly related, and found in association with, the chromo domain.


maintenance of protein location

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.


regulation of Fas signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.


CRCM_HUMAN Colorectal mutant cancer protein (sprot)

A colorectal mutant cancer protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


TNFL4_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 4 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


memory T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a memory T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


T-helper 2 cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a T helper 2 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


response to nitrogen dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.


negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


positive regulation of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-dependent isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


NFYA_HUMAN Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha (sprot)

A nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCAAT-binding factor complex

A heteromeric transcription factor complex that binds to the CCAAT-box upstream of promoters; functions as both an activator and a repressor, depending on its interacting cofactors. Typically trimeric consisting of NFYA, NFYB and NFYC subunits. In Saccharomyces, it activates the transcription of genes in response to growth in a nonfermentable carbon source and consists of four known subunits: HAP2, HAP3, HAP4 and HAP5.


OMGP_HUMAN Oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (sprot)

An oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


An adenosylhomocysteinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


adenosylhomocysteinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = adenosine + L-homocysteine.


H2B1O_HUMAN Histone H2B type 1-O (sprot)

A histone H2B type 1-O that is encoded in the genome of human.


COF1_HUMAN Cofilin-1 (sprot)

A cofilin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BDNF_HUMAN Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (sprot)

A brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


positive regulation of collateral sprouting

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.


ANFC_HUMAN C-type natriuretic peptide (sprot)

A C-type natriuretic peptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


multicellular organismal locomotion

Locomotion in a multicellular organism, i.e. self-propelled movement of a multicellular organism from one location to another.


IF4B_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B that is encoded in the genome of human.


HAP40_HUMAN 40-kDa huntingtin-associated protein (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of any of the following genes in human: F8A1/F8A2/F8A3.


vesicle cytoskeletal trafficking

The directed movement of a vesicle along a cytoskeletal fiber such as a microtubule or and actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.


AT2B4_HUMAN Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 (sprot)

A plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of nitric oxide synthase.


urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary bladder. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction

Any process that decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.


negative regulation of arginine catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arginine catabolic process.


calcium ion export

The directed movement of calcium ion out of a cell or organelle.


regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.


negative regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


negative regulation of citrulline biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of citrulline biosynthetic process.


IP3KA_HUMAN Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase A (sprot)

An inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase A that is encoded in the genome of human.


calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity

Calmodulin-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton

The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse.


DGKA_HUMAN Diacylglycerol kinase alpha (sprot)

A diacylglycerol kinase alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


PAX7_HUMAN Paired box protein Pax-7 (sprot)

A paired box protein Pax-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PAX3_HUMAN Paired box protein Pax-3 (sprot)

A paired box protein Pax-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VAMP1_HUMAN Vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 (sprot)

A vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GATA2_HUMAN Endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (sprot)

An endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


cell differentiation in hindbrain

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


commitment of neuronal cell to specific neuron type in forebrain

The commitment of neuronal precursor cells to become specialized types of neurons in the forebrain.


semicircular canal development

The progression of the semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell differentiation.


regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.


GATA3_HUMAN Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 (sprot)

A trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


interleukin-2 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-2 receptor.


negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


parathyroid hormone secretion

The regulated release of parathyroid hormone into the circulatory system.


thymic T cell selection

The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in metanephric kidney development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the progression of the metanephric kidney over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


positive regulation of ureteric bud formation

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.


nephric duct morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephric duct are generated and organized. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


negative regulation of DNA demethylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA demethylation.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.


regulation of cellular response to X-ray

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


CPT2_HUMAN Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

A carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L-palmitoylcarnitine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitine + octanoyl-CoA = (S)-octanoylcarnitine + CoA.


carnitine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


KTHY_HUMAN Thymidylate kinase (sprot)

A thymidylate kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


thymidylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine 5'-phosphate = ADP + thymidine 5'-diphosphate.


dTDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine5'-diphosphate).


RIR1_HUMAN Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit (sprot)

A ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin.


Catalysis of the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor.


mitochondrial DNA replication

The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.


ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


An enzyme complex composed of 2-4 or more subunits, which usually contains nonheme iron and requires ATP for catalysis. Catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate from ribonucleoside diphosphate, using either thioredoxin disulfide or glutaredoxin disulfide as an acceptor.


PRPH2_HUMAN Peripherin-2 (sprot)

A peripherin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.


FSHR_HUMAN Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (sprot)

A follitropin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


follicle-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with follicle-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


CMA1_HUMAN Chymase (sprot)

A chymase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SC6A2_HUMAN Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter (sprot)

A sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neurotransmitter(out) + Na+(out) = neurotransmitter(in) + Na+(in).


IL32_HUMAN Interleukin-32 (sprot)

An interleukin-32 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LAMA2_HUMAN Laminin subunit alpha-2 (sprot)

A laminin subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


GBRR1_HUMAN Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 (sprot)

A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FCAR_HUMAN Immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor (sprot)

An immunoglobulin alpha Fc receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRTN3_HUMAN Myeloblastin (sprot)

A myeloblastin that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZBT25_HUMAN Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 25 (sprot)

A zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 25 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ALAT1_HUMAN Alanine aminotransferase 1 (sprot)

An alanine aminotransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-alanine = L-glutamate + pyruvate.


CX7A1_HUMAN Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial (sprot)

A cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


COX7B_HUMAN Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial (sprot)

A cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP11_HUMAN Stromelysin-3 (sprot)

A stromelysin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCND1_HUMAN G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (sprot)

A G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


re-entry into mitotic cell cycle

The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by cells that were in a quiescent or other non-dividing state.


positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.


RAE1_HUMAN Rab proteins geranylgeranyltransferase component A 1 (sprot)

A Rab proteins geranylgeranyltransferase component A 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Rab geranylgeranyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = 2 S-geranylgeranyl-protein + 2 diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of two thioether linkages between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl groups and two cysteine residues within the terminal sequence motifs XXCC, XCXC or CCXX. Known substrates include Ras-related GTPases of a single family and the Rab family.


protein geranylgeranylation

The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.


An protein-containing complex which catalyzes of the transfer of a geranyl-geranyl group from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to a Rab protein. In mammals it is composed of an alpha and a beta subunit, and associates with an accessory protein Rep (Rab escort protein).


CRHBP_HUMAN Corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein (sprot)

A corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


corticotropin-releasing hormone binding

Binding to corticotropin-releasing hormone, a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. It is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary gland.


regulation of corticotropin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell.


negative regulation of corticotropin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell.