lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.


suppression by virus of host interferon-mediated signaling pathway

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism.


positive regulation of inhibin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.


protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal

A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to or removed from a target protein.


endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network maintenance

The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.


mycodextranase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha-D-glucans containing both 1,3- and 1,4-bonds.


GSI anchor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchors, which attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.


spermine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.


RNA translocase activity

Generating a movement along a single- or double-stranded RNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


mammary stem cell proliferation

The expansion of a mammary stem cell population by cell division. Mammary stem cells are a source of cells for growth of the mammary gland during puberty and gestation. These cells can give rise to both the luminal and myoepithelial cell types of the gland, and can regenerate the entire organ.


cellular response to monoamine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.


ciliary pro-basal body maturation

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the conversion of an immature and partially assembled ciliary pro-basal body into a mature basal body that is capable of nucleating a cilium.


negative regulation of starch metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.


regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.


simple leaf morphogenesis

The leaf morphogenesis process which results in the shaping of a simple leaf. A simple leaf is a leaf in which the lamina is undivided.


regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.


cyclization of asparagine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing

The cyclization of asparagine to yield an L-aspartimide (otherwise known as alpha-aminosuccinimide) residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.


Kupffer's vesicle development

The progression of the Kupffer's vesicle over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The Kupffer's vesicle is a small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that stops or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


O antigen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.


chorismate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate = chorismate + phosphate.


sporangiospore formation

The process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.


4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol + ATP = 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine + H2O = D-galactosyl-3-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + L-serine in mucin-type glycoproteins.


intestinal lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.


Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + an aromatic amino acid = L-glycine + an aromatic oxo acid.


apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> ladanein + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->5)-alpha-arabinofuranosidic linkages in (1->5) arabinans.


regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation

Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


eriodictyol 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + NADPH + O2 + 2 H+ <=> 2-hydroxyeriodictyol + NADP + H2O.


allantoinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allantoin + H2O = allantoate.


peptidyl-threonine decanoylation

The decanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


spermidine:coumaroyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a coumaroyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


coenzyme F420 binding

Binding to F420, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


glycerol-3-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerol-3-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


wall teichoic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.


positive regulation of renal sodium excretion by pressure natriuresis

An increase in the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis.


methionine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine = D-methionine.


flower formation

The process that gives rise to the flower. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


(S)-usnate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-2-acetyl-6-(3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one + NAD+ = (S)-usnate + 2 H+ + NADH.


collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

A decrease in the diameter of collecting lymphatic vessels.


CCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCC codon.


4-hydroxyphenylacetate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.


regulation of response to cytokine stimulus

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.


cell septum edging catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the dissolution of the septum edging during cell separation.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + CoA + H+.


snoRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


neural plate thickening

The process of apical-basal elongation of individual ectodermal cells during the formation of the neural placode.


Pup conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of Pup from one protein to another via the reaction X-Pup + Y = Y-Pup + X, where both the X-Pup and Y-Pup linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


regulation of uredinium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


equator specification

The formation and development of the equator that forms the boundary between the photoreceptors in the dorsal sector of the eye and those in the ventral sector, dividing the eye into dorsal and ventral halves.


Catalysis of the reaction: galactitol-1-phosphate + NAD+ = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.


interleukin-21 production

The appearance of interleukin-21 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


neuromast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory organ of the lateral line and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromasts are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


positive regulation of peptide antigen transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.


ether biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events that contribute to the perception of pain in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a larval imaginal disc epithelium are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyrophosphate + a 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine D-ribonucleotide = PRPP + a 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine.


positive regulation of distal tip cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


cyclohexane monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexane + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = cyclohexanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


response to freezing

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.


mesenchyme migration involved in limb bud formation

The migration of mesenchymal tissue that contributes to the formation of a limb bud.


cell chemotaxis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The directed movement of the outgrowing Malpighian tubule guided by specific chemical cues/signals. Movement may be towards a guidance cue (positive chemotaxis) or away from it (negative chemotaxis). Guidance contributes to the final positioning of the tubule.


oral apparatus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the oral apparatus. The oral apparatus is a funnel-like structure used by the cell to collect food and channel it to the cytostome, characteristic of ciliate protozoans.


5'-hydroxyl dinucleotide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in 5'OH-RNA according to the reaction 5'OH-RNA + H20 = 5'OH-NpN (dinucleotide) + 5'P-RNA.


suppression by virus of host innate immune response

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism, the host's first line of defense.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexanoate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of posterior neural plate formation by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the formation of the posterior neural plate, the posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.


sex determination, somatic-gonadal interaction

The process that mediates the interactions between somatic cells and gonadal cells that ultimately results in the specification of sexual status of the organism.


2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.


establishment of bipolar cell polarity

The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


rhombomere 8 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 8 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-galactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + galactosamine(out) = protein histidine + galactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


rolling hairpin viral DNA replication

A viral DNA replication process where a 3' hairpin structure in the viral single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) template serves as a primer for host enzymes to synthesize DNA.


catabolism by virus of host DNA

The breakdown of host DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, by a virus.


branching involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland cord is generated and organized. The mammary gland cord is a solid epithelial structure that will hollow out, forming the mammary duct.


monoatomic cation efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a cation or cations from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


carvone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carvone + 2 H+ + 2 e- = dihydrocarvone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


positive regulation of amine catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


plastoglobule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plastoglobule. Plastoglobule is a lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.


p-cresol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-cresol.


fructoselysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructoselysine.


siderophore catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


L-sorbose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + O2 = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H2O2.


regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.


lactate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate = (R)-lactate.


flavin reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a reduced flavin + NAD+ = an oxidized flavin + 2 H+ + NADH.


oligodendrocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oligodendrocyte.


isopimaradienal hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isopimaradienal + NADPH + O2 <=> isopimaric acid + NADP + H2O.


rhombomere 7 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 7 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


lysine carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + carbamoyl phosphate = L-homocitrulline + H+ + phosphate.


prophase

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of meiosis and mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + e-.


regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

Any process that modulates atrichoblast fate specification.


branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system

Allocation of a set number of cells to each primary branch in an open tracheal system, prior to the onset of cell migration. This establishes different domains of cells within the tracheal placode.


regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.


negative regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: fluoroacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = fluoroacetate + NADH + 2 H+.


glucose catabolic process to D-lactate and ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the enzymatic breakdown of D-glucose to D-lactate and ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at the rate of one ATP per glucose molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + glycine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-glycine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


allose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of allose from one side of a membrane to the other. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress

Any response to laminar fluid shear stress in a vascular endothelial cell.


alpha-cuprenene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (-)-alpha-cuprenene + diphosphoric acid.


[methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = [Co(I) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + H+ + methyl-coenzyme M. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.


taste bud morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the taste bud are generated and organized. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.


pinocarveol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = pinocarvone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


eugenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD(P)+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NAD(P)H + H+.


root hair initiation

The process in which a protrusion or bulge is formed at the site of plant root hair outgrowth.


type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. ATP hydrolysis is required. Cleavage is dependent on the presence of two copies of a specific recognition sequence in an inverse orientation in the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance from one of the recognition sites.


regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.


exochitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal 1,4-beta-linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, exochitinases progressively cleave off two subunits from the reducing or non-reducing ends of the chitin chain.


indole alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 2'-O-sulfate. Results in sulfation of glucuronic acid and iduronic acid residues.


negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


prenyl-FMNH2 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in prenyl-FMNH2, an essential cofactor for the decarboxylase enzymes UbiD and Fdc1.


regulation of sensory perception

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


chondrocyte morphogenesis involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


berbamunine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-N-methylcoclaurine + (R)-N-methylcoclaurine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = berbamunine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


mycothiol-dependent detoxification

The chemical reactions using mycothiol to convert an alkylating agent to an S-conjugate of mycothiol. The latter is cleaved to release mercapturic acid which is excreted from the cell.


2-aminobenzoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e- = NH3 + benzoyl-CoA.


stress response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


dextranase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextran.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta-carotenol + O2 = (E,E)-7-hydroxy-6-methylhepta-3,5-dienal + 14'-apo-beta-carotenal.


negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->2)-linked B-galacturonic acid residues of the rhamnogalacturonan I backbone.


ribonuclease P4 activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 3'-extranucleotides from tRNA precursor.


dihydroxy-acid dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD(P)+.


cellular response to trehalose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.


17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone binding

Binding to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.


negative regulation of reverse cholesterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.


detection of inactivity

The series of events in which a inactivity stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.


CUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUC codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H+ + pyruvate = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO2.


carbon dioxide receptor activity

Combining with carbon dioxide to initiate a change in cell activity.


spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


RNA polyadenylation at postsynapse

A polyadenylation event (the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule) that takes place at a postsynapse.


globose nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the globose nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


protoaphin-aglucone dehydratase (cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protoaphin aglucone = H2O + xanthoaphin.


trans-geranyl-CoA isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-geranyl-CoA = cis-geranyl-CoA.


response to undecane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an undecane stimulus.


farnesol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


optic vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


coenzyme F420-0:L-glutamate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + L-glutamate + factor F420-0 = GDP + H+ + factor gamma-F420-1 + phosphate.


fruit dehiscence

The process leading to the spontaneous opening of the fruit permitting the escape of seeds.


atrial septum intermedium development

The progression of the atrial septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-4-nitrosobenzene + NADPH + H+ = 1-chloro-4-hydroxylaminobenzene + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of response to alcohol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.


regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.


ABC-type D-ribose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-ribose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-ribose(in).


histone H3K18 decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone H3 position 18] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone H3] + nicotinamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + ATP = N-adenylylanthranilate + diphosphate + H+.


box H/ACA snoRNP complex binding

Binding to a box H/ACA snoRNP complex.


response to carboplatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carboplatin stimulus.


positive regulation of cytolysis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis.


root radial pattern formation

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of the different tissues of the root around its radial axis.


(-)-menthol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + NADP+ = (2S,5R)-menthone + H+ + NADPH.


response to immobilization stress combined with electrical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus given while being held immobile.


dGTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dGTP + H2O = dGMP + H+ + diphosphate.


cephalosporin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.


protein-DNA ISRE complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex, in which the complex is formed through interaction of the protein(s) with a interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the DNA.


modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


cellular response to sugar-phosphate stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the accumulation of sugar-phosphate.


embryonic meristem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


euchromatin binding

Binding to euchromatin, a dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.


4-hydroxycoumarin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxycoumarin.


protein-phycocyanobilin linkage via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine.


homophytochelatin synthase (dimmer forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alaninate <=> gamma-Glu-Cys-gamma-Glu-Cys-beta-Ala + glycine.


IRES-dependent translational initiation of circular RNA

The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate circular mRNA translation.


modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


molecular carrier activity

Directly binding to a specific ion or molecule and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


modulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


bud dormancy process

A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a bud. Bud dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. It may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. The exit from bud dormancy is marked by the resumed growth of the bud.


3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + HBr.


spinal trigeminal nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


gluconate 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


heterocycle biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).


cellular response to vanadate(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vanadate(3-) stimulus.


rhamnose binding

Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of rhamnose.


metanephric cap development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cap from an initial condition to its mature state. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry.


pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-glutamine = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + L-glutamate + 3 H2O + phosphate. The reaction occurs in two steps: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3, and subsequently D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NH3 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + 4 H2O + phosphate.


8-demethylnovobiocic acid C8-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 8-desmethylnovobiocic acid <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + novobiocic acid + H+.


host cell extracellular matrix binding

Binding to the extracellular matrix of a host cell.


D-series resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family D-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from docosahexaenoic acid.


cellular response to methylmercury

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.


protein localization to ascospore wall

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an ascospore wall.


response to brefeldin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.


corrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.


D-lactate-2-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-O-sulfolactate + H2O = (R)-lactate + H+ + sulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + caffeoyl-CoA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + feruloyl-CoA.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.


dipyrrin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.


carbon-halide lyase activity

Catalysis of the breakage of a bond between carbon and any halogen atom.


cellular response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CTP = CDP-glycerol + diphosphate.


response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


regulation of intestinal D-glucose absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal D-glucose absorption.


methionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.


erythromycin C 3''-o-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + erythromycin C <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + erythromycin A + H+.


response to nonylphenol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonylphenol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP + alcohol = CMP + phosphatidyl alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


response to spindle checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle checkpoint signaling.


positive regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.


vitamin D2 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D2, (3S,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol.


cytosolic valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in the cytosol, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2Z,4Z,7-trienoate + H2O = 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dichloropropenoate + cis-2-Hydroxy-3-chloropenta-2,4-dienone + H+.


D-mannitol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mannitol + O2 = mannose + H2O2.


gibberellin-44 dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin 44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin 19 + succinate + CO2.


cerebellar stellate cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar stellate cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar stellate cell fate. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


chlorate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chlorate, ClO3-, from one side of a membrane to the other.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


endocytosed synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion

Fusion of an endocytosed synaptic vesicle with an endosome.


positive regulation of asexual reproduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material towards cell periphery

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle towards the cell periphery using host microtubules. Mostly used by viruses that replicate their genome near or in the nucleus to allows newly assembled viral progeny to reach the plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine <=> cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside + coenzyme A.


allocryptopine 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allocryptopine + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 6-hydroxy-allocryptopine + NADP + H2O.


cell movement involved in somal translocation

The movement of a cell body from the ventricular zone to the pial surface with a concomitant shortening of the process that extends to the pial surface.


negative regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.


tropane alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.


diterpene phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpene phytoalexins, terpenoids with 20 carbons produced by plants in response to environmental stresses.


envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + anthranilate.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside.


MTREC complex binding

Binding to a MTREC complex.


acquisition of plant reproductive competence

The process in which a plant acquires the ability to respond to a floral inductive signal.


sodium-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


Catalysis of the reaction: Oplophorus luciferin + O2 = oxidized Oplophorus luciferin + CO2 + hnu.


establishment of ER localization

The directed movement of the endoplasmic reticulum to a specific location.


siRNA 3'-end processing

The process of forming the mature 3' end of a siRNA molecule.


DNA-mediated transformation

The direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell from its surroundings through the cell envelope.


sporocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sporocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sporocarp is a spore bearing fruiting body organ. An example of this process is found in the Fungal species Coprinopsis cinerea.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:3-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


viral mRNA cap methylation

An innate immune response evasion mechanism in which a virus methylates the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of its mRNAs. Methylation allows evasion of the host innate immune response, which degrades cap0 (non-methylated) mRNAs.


regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors, nitrogenous group as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a nitrogenous group.


female pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi medial cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.


triose-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a triose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.


positive regulation of gastric emptying

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of any gastric emptying process, the process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


ecgonone methyl ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecgonone methyl ester.


brassinosteroid binding

Binding to a brassinosteroid.


2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxydaidzein + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: protocatechuate + O2 = 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.


response to diuretic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.


retinal isomerization

The reactions involved in isomerization of all trans to all cis retnal.


indole alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


modulation of the microfilament cytoskeleton involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The changes in the actin cytoskeleton that are necessary for the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.


thermospermine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+ = S-adenosyl 3-(methylthio)propylamine + spermidine.


peptidoglycan stem peptide endopeptidase activity

A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a stem peptide of peptidoglycan.


trochlear nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the trochlear nerve is generated and organized. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


fumonisin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumonisin.


regulation of deacetylase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,3 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: demethylphylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = phylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid sulfur-nitrogen bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid sulfur-nitrogen bond.


positive regulation of smooth muscle tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development.


positive regulation of thymine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of spongiotrophoblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the spongiotrophoblast layer.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylylselenate + NADPH => adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + selenite + NADP+ + H+.


L-methionine biosynthetic process from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.


macrocin O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + macrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tylosin.


positive regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.


regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


post-embryonic limb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.


ribonucleotide excision repair

The pathway by which a ribonucleotide is removed from DNA and replaced by a deoxyribonucleotide. The ribonucleotide is incised by RNase H2, and further excised by an endonuclease. The resulting 1 nt gap is then repaired by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


cellular response to ceramide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ceramide stimulus.


positive regulation of response to water deprivation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation.


2-aminoethylphosphonate binding

Binding to 2-aminoethylphosphonate.


viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition

The encapsulation of the viral DNA genome within the capsid, which proceeds via cleavage of the viral DNA at specific sites by a viral terminase.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + phthalate + H+.


fatty acid alpha-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + a 2,3,4-saturated fatty acid <=> a 2(R)-hydroperoxy fatty acid.


6-sulfoquinovose(1-) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-sulfoquinovose(1-).


pattern specification involved in pronephros development

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


cycloeucalenol cycloisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cycloeucalenol = obtusifoliol.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule, dependent on the presence of 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.


sabinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = sabinene + diphosphate.


regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


regulation of radial pattern formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of radial pattern formation, the regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur.


pyloric sphincter smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the narrowest part of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum.


auxin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxins from one side of a membrane to the other. Auxins are plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


corneal epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of a corneal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


berberine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-canadine + 2 NADP+ = berberine + H+ + 2 NADPH.


positive regulation of olefin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of olefin biosynthetic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoeugenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + isomethyleugenol.


cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = UDP + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).


alpha-keto ester reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-keto ester + 2 H+ (from donor) = (R)-hydroxy ester. Alpha-keto esters are of the form R(1)-CO-CO-O-R(2), where the R groups may be aromatic or aliphatic.


chlorophyll catabolite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of chlorophyll catabolites such as non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs), from one side of a membrane to the other.


tooth replacement

The process whose specific outcome is the replacement of an existing tooth with another tooth.


acceptance of pollen

The recognition and acceptance of pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes.


negative regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cell-substrate junction disassembly

The disaggregation of a cell-substrate junction into its constituent components.


propylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloctanoyl-CoA = 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


phenyl propionate uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of phenyl propionate from one side of a membrane to the other.


alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.


regulation of cytokinetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokinetic process.


gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


protein O-glucuronidation

The modification of a protein by glucuronidation on an amino acid oxygen atom.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.


cellular response to mannitol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.


azobenzene reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + NADP+ = 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + NADPH + H+.


determination of muscle attachment site

The process that mediates the transfer of information from the cells of a muscle to those of its intended target, thereby identifying the target site.


dGDP binding

Binding to dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.


genital disc development

Progression of the genital imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult terminalia, comprising the entire set of internal and external genitalia and analia. Both sexes of Drosophila have a single genital disc formed from the female and male genital primordia, and the anal primordium. The anal primordium develops in both sexes, forming either male or female analia. However, only one of the genital primordia develops in each sex, forming either the male or the female genitalia.


rhythmic inhibition

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


glucose dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a quinone + D-glucose = a quinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-ergosta-7,22-diene-3beta,5-diol = ergosterol + H2O.


interleukin-17A production

The appearance of interleukin-17A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


distal tip cell migration

The orderly movement of a distal tip cell.


high mobility group box 1 receptor activity

Combining with high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


pterocarpan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + medicarpin = 4'-methoxyisoflavan-2',4,7-triol.


macrophage proliferation

The expansion of a macrophage population by cell division.


cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a cholangiocyte.


vomifoliol 4'-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S,9R)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionol + NAD+ = (6S)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionone + H+ + NADH.


response to hexane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexane stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized flavodoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced flavodoxin.


furaldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving furaldehyde, a furan ring-containing aldehyde compound which can be formed from the thermal decomposition of biomass.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> 4-chloro-2-methylphenol + 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion + succinate + carbon dioxide.


alternansucrase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from sucrose to alternately the 6-position and the 3-position of the non-reducing terminal residue of an alpha-D-glucan, thus producing a glucan having alternating alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,3-linkages.


negative regulation of biological process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


cyanate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of cell budding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and growth of cell buds.


extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.


dicarboxylate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an omega-dicarboxylic acid + CoASH= AMP + diphosphate + an omega-carboxyacyl-CoA.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


response to toluene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toluene stimulus.


negative regulation of maltose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.


(R)-mandelate catabolic process to catechol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including catechol.


histone H4-R3 methylation

The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.


ecgonone methyl ester catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonone methyl ester.


beta-caryophyllene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-caryophyllene.


positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (vanilloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> H+ + cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + vanillate.


juvenile hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.


positive regulation of blood circulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'''-demalonylsalvianin + malonyl-CoA = salvianin + coenzyme A.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroxyfumarate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + L-glutamate.


response to external stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.


spheroidene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spheroidene.


valine dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH.


skotomorphogenesis

The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation in response to growth in darkness.


ATP-dependent DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity

Catalytic activity that acts to transfer a methyl group to a DNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = divinylprotochlorophyllide + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O.


7-methylguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.


regulation of dauer larval development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


plasmid recombination

A process of DNA recombination occurring within a plasmid or between plasmids and other plasmids or DNA molecules.


secologanin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: loganin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = secologanin + NADP+ + 2 H2O.


aerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.


negative regulation of molecular function in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


interleukin-17F production

The appearance of interleukin-17F due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


mesothelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in early lung development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesothelial cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung.


W-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


snRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Activity that provides specificity to a pseudouridine synthetase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific pseudouridylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor activity

Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


aculeacin-A deacylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the amide bond in aculeacin A and related neutral lipopeptide antibiotics, releasing the long-chain fatty acid side-chain.


(R)-mandelate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate + acceptor = phenylglyoxylate + reduced acceptor.


9-fluorenone dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + 2 NADPH + O2 = 2 NADP+ + 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-9-fluorenone.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-1,2-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene.


(E)-caffeate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-caffeate + ATP + CoA = (E)-caffeoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


regulation of leukocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.


lipid A-core heptosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: galactosyl-glucosyl3-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-bisphosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = lipid A-core + ADP + H+.


alpha,alpha-phosphotrehalase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.


neurotransmitter receptor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitter receptors.


positive regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + NAD+ + H2O.


stellate cell precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to stellate cells. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


alkylamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhexanamide + H2O = hexanoate + methylammonium.


3-phenylpropionate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. It is produced from putrefaction of proteins in soil or breakdown of several constituents of plants, such as lignin, various oils and resins.


positive regulation of seed germination

Any process that activates or increase the rate of seed germination.


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-jasmonate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + (-)-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


fungal-type cell wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a fungal-type cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = N-isopropylammelide + ethylamine.


female germline ring canal stabilization

Maintenance of the structural integrity of the ring canals connecting the female germline cyst.


response to sulfur dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = alpha-D-galactosyl-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + 1,2-diacylglycerol.


intracellular nickel ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nickel ions within a cell.


regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

Any process that mediates the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.


unsubstituted mannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the mannan backbone, the unsubstituted polymer of D-mannose units.


response to differentiation-inducing factor 1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one stimulus.


DDT 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT. 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDT.


XCL1 production

The appearance of XCL1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex.


suppression by virus of host catalytic activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 3'',6''-O-dimalonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + malonyl-CoA(5-) <=> cyanidin 3-O-(3''', 6''-O-dimalonyl-beta-glucopyranoside) + coenzyme A.


myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons

The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve.


pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pimelyl-CoA = 2,3-didehydropimeloyl-CoA + H+ + NADH.


post-embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


myeloid cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.


quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quinate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


convergent extension involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros.


vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem

The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.


1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid, the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.


enterobactin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


fucoidanase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,2-alpha-L-fucoside linkages in fucoidan without release of sulfate.


methyl fluoride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl fluoride, fluorine-substituted methane, a gaseous halogenated hydrocarbon that has been investigated as an inhibitor of methanotrophy and nitrification in soils.


sperm storage

The retention of sperm by a female following mating.


protein localization to eisosome filament

A process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location in a eisosome filament (also called linear eisosome), a filamentous cortical structure formed, in S. pombe, by the eisosome component Pil1.


GDP-L-galactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


metanephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric interstitial fibroblast.


streptomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media; it acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.


spore encystment

The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = stachyose + myo-inositol.


Catalysis of the reaction: galactogen + UDP-galactose = 1,6-beta-D-galctosylgalactogen + UDP.


dihydroneopterin aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D-erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine = 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + glycolaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate = H2O + NADP+ + trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate.


neuronal pentraxin receptor activity

Combining with a neuronal pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + lipid IV(a).


positive regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


galactose to glucose-1-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways in which galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose, is converted to glucose-1-phosphate.


pore formation in host plasma membrane

The disruption of host plasma membrane integrity by formation of a pore, resulting in deregulated ion homeostasis, and cellular dysfunction that can result in cell death.


pre-mRNA branch point binding

Binding to a pre-mRNA branch point sequence, located upstream of the 3' splice site.


tetrapeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tetrapeptide from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methyladenine.


regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + H+ + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate.


alpha-bisabolene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,R)-alpha-bisabolene + diphosphate.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


cellular response to methylamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.


modification by symbiont of host tight cell-cell junction

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host tight junction, a cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


acyltransferase activity, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor), with the acyl group being converted into alkyl on transfer.


4-hydroxymandelate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelate + CO2.


regulation of mammary gland cord elongation by mammary fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of mammary gland cord elongation as a result of a signal being created by a mesenchymal cell that is a precursor to the mammary fat and its subsequent reception and interpretation by an mammary cord epithelial cell.


hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: hydroxylamine + NH3 = hydrazine + H2O, and hydrazine + acceptor = N2 + reduced acceptor.


ventricular septum intermedium morphogenesis

The developmental process in which a ventricular septum intermedium is generated and organized.


reduced coenzyme F420:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + CoB-S-S-CoM = coenzyme F420 + CoM-SH + CoB-SH.


larval walking behavior

The behavior of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


regulation of lipase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


oenocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oenocyte. Oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


floral whorl development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a floral whorl over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A floral whorl is a circular arrangement of parts of a flower arising from a stem of a plant.


histone H3-K4 demethylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone.


cutin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cutin, a waxy substance, which combined with cellulose forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.


nicotine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotine + acceptor + H2O = (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + reduced acceptor.


positive regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid.


URM1 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y = Y-URM1 + X, where both X-URM1 and Y-URM1 are covalent linkages.


optic nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the optic nerve to attain its fully functional state. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


galactomannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactose as single side units.


haloalkane dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-haloalkane + H2O = a primary alcohol + halide.


Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylethanolamine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


autophagosome localization

Any process in which an autophagosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle

A pathway leading to the fixation of two molecules of CO2 and the production of one molecule of acetyl-CoA; essentially the oxidative TCA cycle running in reverse. Acetyl-CoA is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate, from which all other central metabolites can be formed. Most of the enzymes of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle are shared, with the exception of three key enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, and fumarate reductase the reduction of fumarate forming succinate.


alanine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine = D-alanine.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.


response to cytochalasin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.


beak development

The progression of the beak over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-pantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H+ = (R)-pantetheine + CO2.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-D-galactofuranose.


regulation of conidium formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


G protein-coupled nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: heptosyl-KDO2-lipid A + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A + ADP + H+.


positive regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.


shelterin complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a shelterin complex. A shelterin complex is a nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase.


negative regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.


regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + homogentisate + H+ <=> 2-methyl-6-all-trans-nonaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone + carbon dioxide + diphosphoric acid.


shoot system morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground.


ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] = adenosine diphosphate ribose + [dinitrogen reductase].


MBF transcription complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MBF transcription complex.


pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NADP+ = D-mannose 6-phosphate + 3 H+ + NADPH.


stress response to copper ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a copper ion stimulus.


CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA.


establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


regulation of vegetative phase change

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vegetative phase change. Vegetative phase change is the set of post-embryonic processes involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


taxane 13-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol = H2O + NADP+ + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha,13alpha-diol.


arachidonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arachidonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


vinorine hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + vinorine = H2O + NADP+ + vomilenine.


viral genome circularization

The circularization of a viral genome following infection of a host cell. This is common amongst bacterial viruses to protect the viral genome ends from nucleases, to convert the linear genome to an integrative precursor or to give rise to the replicative form of the genome. It can be mediated by covalent closure of the DNA sticky ends, recombinaison between redundant terminal sequences or via the binding of a protein at the viral DNA extremities.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus.


chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.


negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotriose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


somatostatin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + butanoyl-CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + butanoate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


positive regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


regulation of laminaritriose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ + a stearoyl-[acp] = nonadec-1-ene + 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


hemicellulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present.


positive regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.


pigment accumulation in response to UV light

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.