clypeo-labral disc development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeo-labral disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. The clypeo-labral disc develops into the labrum, anterior cibarial plate, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite.


regulation of mitotic spindle elongation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle.


tyrocidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrocidine.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: brassinolide + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> brassinolide-23-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


mesonephric capsule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric capsule are generated and organized. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


appendage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


pattern orientation

The actions or reactions of an individual in response to the orientation of a visual pattern. This is exemplified by some classes of insects which are able to detect and learn the orientation of a set of stripes and subsequently behaviorally discriminate between horizontal, vertical or 45 degree stripes.


adhesion of symbiont to host endothelial cell

The attachment of a symbiont to a host endothelial cell via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly.


protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic microtubule.


The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another deoxyribopyrimidine nucleoside.


copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-) biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-).


serotonin-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when the biogenic amine serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


regulation of defense response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.


nitrite reductase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ammonium hydroxide + 3 NAD+ + H2O = nitrite + 3 NADH + 3 H+.


pigment binding

Binding to a pigment, a general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.


mitotic S phase

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled cAMP receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by extracellular cAMP binding to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


larval midgut histolysis

The stage-specific break down of the larval midgut during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + scutellarein <=> UDP( + scutellarin + H+.


mitotic telophase

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


negative regulation of backward locomotion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of backward locomotion.


regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

Any process that modulates the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


beta-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of beta-glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in a beta configuration.


cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis

The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression.


membrane scission GTPase motor activity

Generation of a 'twisting' activity resulting in the scission of a membrane, driven by GTP hydrolysis.


oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerate + CO2 + NAD(P)+ = NAD(P)H + H+ + 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate.


detection of muscle activity

The series of events in which a muscle activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 6beta-hydroxy-syn-pimaradiene + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + dTTP = diphosphate + dTDP-D-galactose.


mating-type M-factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with the mating-type peptide pheromone M-factor and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. M-factor is a nine-membered oligopeptide that consists of tyrosyl, threonyl, prolyl, lysyl, valyl, prolyl, tyrosyl, methionyl and methyl S-farnesylcysteinate residues joined in sequence, and is a peptide pheromone released by Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells of the cellular mating type Minus.


response to serotonin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus.


glycerophospholipid acyltransferase (CoA-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-radyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-radyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.


rhodopsin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorophenylacetate + NADH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + chloride + NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-asparagine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-asparagine.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (9R,10S)-dihydroxystearate + O2 + NADPH <=> 9,10,18-trihydroxystearate + H2O + NADP.


benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + betanidin <=> H+ + gomphrenin I + UDP.


regulation of starch catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.


alditol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + vanillate + H+.


rhombomere 1 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 1 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


fructosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a fructosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


methionine catabolic process to succinyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine into other compounds, including succinyl-CoA.


adenylate cyclase-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by serotonin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


phosphatidylcholine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + choline = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CMP + H+.


levopimaradienol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + levopimaradienol + NADPH + O2 <=> levopiramadiene-diol + NADP + H2O.


regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.


cellular biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


energy quenching

The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted by nonphotochemical quenching or chlorophyll fluorescence.


chromatin remodeling at centromere

Dynamic structural changes in centromeric DNA.


sclerenchyma cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sclerenchyma cell. A sclerenchyma cell is a plant cell with thick lignified walls, normally dead at maturity and specialized for structural strength. Includes fiber cells, that are greatly elongated; and sclereids, that are more isodiametric. Intermediate types exist. Cells may or may not be devoid of protoplasm at maturity. Cell form and size are variable.


conus arteriosus morphogenesis

The process in which the conus arteriosus is generated and organized. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


tryptophan sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of tryptophan.


adaptive immune effector response

An adaptive immune response that involves one or more immune effector processes and takes place during the effector phase of the adaptive immune response.


anaphase

The cell cycle phase, following metaphase, during which the chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an immature plasmacytoid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell contributing to an immune response.


estrous cycle phase

The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the estrous cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The estrous cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.


regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


glutamyl-tRNA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate + NADP+ + tRNA(Glu) = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP.


killing by virus of host cell during superinfection exclusion

The viral-killing of a host cell by a pre-existing virus in response to a subsequent infection of the host cell by second virus.


thymine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.


phenylpropanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: baccatin III + (3R)-3-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl-CoA = N-debenzoyl-(3'-RS)-2'-deoxytaxol + coenzyme A.


scopoletin glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scopoletin + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + scopolin + UDP.


cellular response to isolation stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lack of contact with other members of the same species.


7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ chlorophyll a + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O.


CAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAC codon.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (polyphosphate)n + AMP = (polyphosphate)n-1 + ADP.


oenocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oenocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.


disruption by virus of host cell wall peptidoglycan during virus entry

A process carried out by a virus that breaks down peptidoglycans in the cell wall of its host during viral entry.


2'-5'-RNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 2'-hydroxyl group at the end of one DNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another.


chemokinesis

A response by a motile cell to a soluble chemical that involves an increase or decrease in speed (positive or negative orthokinesis) or of frequency of movement or a change in the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior (klinokinesis).


positive regulation of host-seeking behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


baroreceptor detection of arterial stretch

The series of events by which the change in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


positive regulation of cholesterol import

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol import.


fastigial nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fastigial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


envenomation resulting in modulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Q nucleoside precursor 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine, also known as 2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile or preQo.


L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indole, L-tryptophan-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole + L-serine = L-tryptophan + H2O.


anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase (deaminating, decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = catechol + CO2 + NADP+ + NH3.


negative regulation of fertilization

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


thymine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thymine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethyluracil + succinate + CO2.


diguanidinobutanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-diguanidinobutane + H2O = agmatine + urea.


oligonucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligonucleotides to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates.


dATP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).


structural constituent of albumen

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of albumen (also called egg white). Albumen is the clear liquid contained within an egg and consists of water and proteins, among which are ovomucin and ovomucoid. It protects the egg yolk and provides additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate.


dibenzothiophene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene + NAD+ = 1,2-dihydroxydibenzothiophene + H+ + NADH.


isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = calycosin + NADP+ + H2O.


depsipeptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.


tungstate binding

Binding to tungstate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidate + a sterol = a sterol ester + a lysophosphatidate.


regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.


dense core granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dense core granule. A dense core granule is a secretory organelle found in endocrine cells.


retinoic acid metabolic process in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the synthesis and degradation of retionic acid that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.


[citrate (pro-3S)-lyase] ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (thiol form) = AMP + diphosphate + (citrate (pro-3S)-lyase) (acetyl form).


negative regulation of inositol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.


RNA-mediated DNA recombination

The reverse transcription of an RNA molecule followed by recombination between the resultant cDNA and its homologous chromosomal allele.


myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid dendritic cell.


organomercurial transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organomercurial compounds from one side of a membrane to the other. Organomercurial substances are any organic compound containing a mercury atom.


brassinosteroid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + kaempferol-3-rhamnoside <=> kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside + UDP.


D-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NAD+ = D-ribulose + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.


methionine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + H+ = 3-methylthiopropanamine + CO2.


asperthecin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.


2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.


O-glycan processing, core 8

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 8 O-glycan structure, Gal-alpha-(1->3)-GalNAc.


regulation of hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.


posterior mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process in which a mRNA is transported to and maintained in the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo contributing to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus through nuclear pore

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus through the nuclear pore.


violaceol I catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of violaceol I.


positive regulation of turning behavior involved in mating

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> indole-3-acetate + carbon dioxide + NADP + H2O.


rhombomere 2 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


anterior/posterior pattern specification, imaginal disc

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that rapidly develop into adult appendages during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


neuroblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.


sno(s)RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. They participate in the processing or modifications of many RNAs, mostly ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) though snoRNAs are also known to target other classes of RNA, including spliceosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and mRNAs via a stretch of sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the targeted RNA.


synaptic vesicle budding

Evagination of a membrane to form a synaptic vesicle.


oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway

The reactions of the C2 pathway bring about the metabolic conversion of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycolate to one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate, which can be used by the C3 cycle, and one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2).


peptide cross-linking via 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid

The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an aspartic acid residue to form 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid.


regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell septum biogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene + diphosphate.


isovaleryl-CoA(4-) catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isovaleryl-CoA(4-).


regulation of reverse cholesterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.


alditol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.


cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.


glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.


non-classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein where other amino acids besides Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly can be present and grouped into regions, such as a Cys-rich or Asn-rich domains.


mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GDP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GDP + H+ = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + phosphate.


viral RNA editing

The process by which bases in viral mRNA are chemically altered during viral transcription. This is usually the incorporation of 1 - 6 additional nucleotides, which shifts the reading frame, allowing the generation of different protein products or through a specific nucleotide change that eliminates the termination codon.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotetraose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


23S rRNA (guanine(2445)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(2445) in 23S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(2445) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of secondary growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary growth.


suppression by virus of host molecular function

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of a host protein.


regulation of timing of plant organ formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plant organ formation at a consistent predetermined time point during development.


microtubule bundle maintenance

The organization process that preserves a microtubule bundle in a stable functional or structural state.


DNA replication termination

The process in which DNA replication at a replication fork ceases; occurs when the replication fork reaches a specific termination site or when two replication forks meet.


negative regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.


carbon utilization

A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbon sources and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbon source and to transport and metabolize alternative carbon sources such as carbon dioxide or carbonic acid. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbon levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbon-containing substances, and ends when carbon is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


peptide cross-linking via 2-amino-3-isothiazolidinone-L-serine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl serine cross-link through a process of forming first an intermediate cysteine sulfenic acid by peroxide oxidation, followed by condensation with the alpha-amido of the following serine residue and the release of water.


aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell surrounding the aorta.


cerebellar molecular layer development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar molecular layer nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


leaf senescence

The last stage of leaf development during which programmed degradation of macromolecules and nutrient recycling take place.


regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.


pyrimidine nucleobase binding

Binding to a pyrimidine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a pyrimidine skeleton.


L-altrarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-altrarate.


Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


carbon-oxygen lyase activity

Catalysis of the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of Wnt signaling through beta-catenin that results in the formation of the neural plate anterior/posterior pattern.


negative regulation of intracellular sterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.


peptidyl-histidine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine) or peptidyl-3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine).


negative regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.


ammonia ligase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of ammonia (NH3) to another substance via a carbon-nitrogen bond with concomitant breakage of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.


exosporium assembly

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of an exosporium, the outermost layer of a bacterial endospore.


inosine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inosine + H2O = D-ribose + hypoxanthine.


vomilenine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vomilenine = H+ + raucaffricine + UDP.


cellular response to far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


glycosphingolipid deacylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids, releasing fatty acids to form the lyso-derivatives.


regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.


outward migration of deep nuclear neurons

The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from their ventrolateral origin to a rostrodorsal region of the cerebellar plate.


plant-type cell wall cellulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


plastoquinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of plastoquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme present in the chloroplast.


leaflet formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a leaflet from unspecified parts. A leaflet is one of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf.


negative regulation of cardiac ventricle formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation.


positive regulation of ornithine catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.


choloylglycine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholan-24-oylglycine + H2O = 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholanate + glycine.


response to butan-1-ol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butan-1-ol stimulus.


ursolic aldehyde 28-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ursolic aldehyde + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> ursolic acid + NADP + H2O.


primary branching, open tracheal system

Formation of primary branches in the open tracheal system. These form from small groups of cells that migrate out at specific positions, organizing into tubes as they migrate. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the embryonic placenta.


negative regulation of germ cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.


response to maltose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a maltose stimulus.


dUTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.


gynoecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gynoecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gynoecium is the collective name for the carpels of a flower.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = adenine + S-D-ribosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of iodide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.


ammonia oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways by which ammonia or ammonium is converted to molecular nitrogen or another nitrogen compound, with accompanying loss of electrons.


mycotoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


pteridine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.


leukocyte activation-dependent arrest

The formation of an integrin-dependent strong adhesive bond between leukocytes and blood vessel endothelial cells which is dependent on prior activation of the leukocyte and leads to the firm attachment of the leukocyte to the endothelial surface, typically the third step in cellular extravasation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4'-dihydroxyacetophenone + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + formate + 2 H+.


regulation of trehalose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trehalose metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-16:0-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of a cell in the dorsal spinal cord that affects the rate of its division.


P granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a P granule.


plastid inner membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the inner membrane of a plastid.


chemoattraction of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to an attractive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


alginic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).


9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene desaturation to 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene

The series of reactions in which 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene is desaturated to 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene, and then 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene. The overall reaction for this process is: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone = 2 quinol + 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene.


DNA (6-4) photolyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct (in DNA) = 2 pyrimidine residues (in DNA). Catalyzes the reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-glucose + H2O = AMP + glucose-1-phosphate.


uridine to cytidine editing

The conversion of a uridine residue to cytosine in an RNA molecule by amination.


positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.


betaine aldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving betaine aldehyde.


copper incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of copper into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


anthranilate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).


trisaccharide binding

Binding to a trisaccharide. Trisaccharides are sugars composed of three monosaccharide units.


protein nitrosylation

The covalent addition of a nitric oxide group to an amino acid within a protein.


protein trans-autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of a residue on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.


cyclic nucleotide-gated mechanosensitive monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress and when a cyclic nucleotide has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


dephospho-[reductase kinase] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dephospho-[[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase] = ADP + [[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase].


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a asparaginyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


cardiac glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac glial cell over time, from its formation to the fully functional mature cell.


cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


mesonephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the mesonephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The mesonephric S-shaped body is the successor of the mesonephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the mesonephros.


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in rearward cell motility

The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the rear of the cell.


selenoneine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenoneine.


negative regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.


prenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.


mitotic cell cycle phase

One of the distinct periods or stages into which the mitotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.


VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex.


light-independent bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, which occur in the absence of light. Bacteriochlorophylls are any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria; they differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


formaldehyde assimilation via xylulose monophosphate cycle

The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the xylulose monophosphate cycle. Methylotrophic yeasts, but not bacteria, utilize the xylulose monophosphate cycle to fix formaldehyde and convert it into metabolically useful organic compounds.


chlorinated hydrocarbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorinated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with chlorine atoms.


nephrocyte filtration

The process by which hemolymph is filtered based on size and charge through a nephrocyte filtration barrier formed by the basement membrane and nephrocyte diaphragm.


lipopolysaccharide core heptosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A-phosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = glucosyl-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-phosphate + ADP + H+.


double-strand break repair via transcription-associated homologous recombination

A mechanism of homologous recombination and DNA repair in which transcript RNA is used as a template for DSB repair.


metanephric capsule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric capsule from unspecified parts. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


pollen tube adhesion

The process in which the pollen tube adheres to cells of the stigma and style.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate.


arteriole smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the arteriole. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The arteriole is the smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.


response to polycyclic arene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polycyclic arene stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = CO2 + H2O + H+ + scopolamine + succinate.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in arabinogalactans.


menopause

Cessation of menstruation, occurring in (e.g.) the human female usually around the age of 50.


response to reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor stimulus.


histone H2AK129 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-129 residue.


bursa of Fabricius development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bursa of Fabricius over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bursa of Fabricius is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation.


high molecular weight B cell growth factor receptor activity

Combining with a high molecular weight B cell growth factor and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-xylose 1-phosphate + UTP = UDP-D-xylose + diphosphate.


soluble molecule recognition

The recognition of soluble molecules in the environment.


negative regulation of xanthophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.


cellular response to stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell.


polyamine binding

Binding to a polyamine, an organic compound containing two or more amino groups.


chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process

Synthesis, including the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin and other components, and deposition of a chitin-based embryonic cuticle by the underlying epidermal epithelium. This tough, waterproof cuticle layer is essential to provide structural integrity of the larval body. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


purine ribonucleoside binding

Binding to a purine ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to ribose.


F-9775B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving F-9775B.


viomycin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + viomycin = ADP + O-phosphoviomycin.


bromoxynil metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bromoxynil, C7H3Br2NO, a dibrominated phenol derivative with a cyano (-CN) group attached. Bromoxynil is used as a herbicide for post-emergent control of annual broadleaf weeds and works by inhibiting photosynthesis in the target plants.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: thiamine(out) + H+(out) = thiamine(in) + H+(in).


glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxopentanoate + NADP + H2O = glutarate + NADPH + 2 H+.


triterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.


renal system process involved in regulation of blood volume

A slow mechanism of blood pressure regulation that responds to changes in pressure resulting from fluid and salt intake by modulating the quantity of blood in the circulatory system.


rhabdomere membrane biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a rhabdomere membrane.


abducens nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the abducens nerve is generated and organized. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


peptidyl-glutamine 2-methylation

The methylation of glutamine to form 2-methyl-L-glutamine.


isopentenyl adenine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.


hemaglutinin autotransporter activity

Enables the transfer of hemaglutinin from the periplasm to the external milieu; the hemaglutinin and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.


positive regulation of organic acid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


hexulose-6-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = D-arabino-3-hexulose 6-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + geranylgeranyl diphosphate = 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranylplastoquinol.


UGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGA codon.


positive regulation of activin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.


mitochondrial tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine modification

The attachment of a carbonyl group and a threonine to the amino group of the adenine residue immediately 3' of the anticodon, in mitochondrial tRNAs that decode ANN codons (where N is any base).


codeine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of codeine, an alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album. Codeine has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-3,4-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + 2 X-SO3(-) = 2 HX + phenanthrene-3,4-dihydrodiolsulfate conjugate.


xylulose 5-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose 5-phosphate, a derivative of the ketopentose xylulose phosphorylated at the 5 carbon; it is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.


wax metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving wax, a compound containing C16 and C18 fatty acids.


right horn of sinus venosus development

The progression of the right horn of the sinus venosus from its formation to the mature structure.


candicidin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of candicidin.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.


transport of virus

The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, into, out of, or within a host cell.


sex comb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sex comb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sex combs are the male specific chaetae located on the prothoracic tarsal segment of the prothoracic leg.


Enterobacter ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure.


metanephric glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.


high-affinity secondary active ammonium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ammonium from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).


isoflavonoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + NADP+ = 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + H+ + NADPH.


reverse transcription

A DNA synthesis process that uses RNA as the initial template for synthesis of DNA, but which also includes an RNase activity to remove the RNA strand of an RNA-DNA heteroduplex produced by the RNA-dependent synthesis step and use of the initial DNA strand as a template for DNA synthesis.


protein localization to medial cortex

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the medial cortex.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclohexylformamide + OH- = cyclohexylamine + formate.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + NADP+ + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate = NADPH + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate.


endothelial cell fate determination

A process involved in cell fate commitment of an endothelial cell. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


meiotic anaphase II

The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis II.


negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prephenate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH.


head involution

Movement of the anterior ectoderm to the interior of the embryo.


mandelate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.


regulation of oospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.


sequestering of manganese ion

The process of binding or confining manganese ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


single-species surface biofilm formation

A process in which microorganisms produce an extracellular matrix and form multicellular aggregates at an air-liquid interface.


butanediol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.


regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.


cellular response to absence of light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.


D-myo-inositol (1,3,4,6)-tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate(8-) + ATP = H+ + 1L-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate(10-) + ADP.


oligoxyloglucan reducing-end-specific cellobiohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of cellobiose from the reducing end of xyloglucans consisting of a beta-(1->4) linked glucan carrying alpha-D-xylosyl groups on O-6 of the glucose residues. To be a substrate, the first residue must be unsubstituted, the second residue may bear a xylosyl group, whether further glycosylated or not, and the third residue, which becomes the new terminus by the action of the enzyme, is preferably xylosylated, but this xylose residue must not be further substituted.


tagatose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tagatose + ATP = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


3',2'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding

Binding to 3',2' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 3',5' and 2',5' linkages.


endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the chloroplasts of vascular plants. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


microgametogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation as the microspore to the mature structure.


pentalenolactone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentalenolactone.


Catalysis of the reaction: cannabigerolate + O2 <=> delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid + hydrogen peroxide.


response to lectin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lectin stimulus. A lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein, highly specific for binding sugar moieties.


regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyruvate = alpha-ketoglutarate + D-lactate, with FAD functioning as an intermediate hydrogen acceptor.


dethiobiotin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dethiobiotin, a derivative of biotin formed by replacing the sulfur atom by two hydrogen atoms.


membrane repolarization during AV node cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the AV node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


tRNA m2A37 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an adenine37 in tRNA <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + a 2-methyladenine37 in tRNA.


histone H2A monoubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NAD(P)+ = 3-methylbutanal + NAD(P)H + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.


aureusidin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone + O2 = aureusidin + H2O, and 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone + 1/2 O2 = aureusidin + H2O.


neuronal action potential back-propagation

Propagation of an action potential in a neuron, from its site of initiation (typically the axon hillock) towards the soma.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by physical factors

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of forces within the circulatory system.


sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular or syncytial spore via septations over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


sakuranetin 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sakuranetin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> carthamidin-7-methyl ether + H2O + NADP.


positive regulation of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food.


response to chloramphenicol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloramphenicol stimulus.


telomere-nuclear envelope anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together the telomeric region of a chromosome and the inner nuclear membrane by interacting with both the telomere and the nuclear membrane, in order to establish and maintain the telomeric location.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lactose(out) + H+(out) = lactose(in) + H+(in).


dorsal convergence

The directed migration of individual cells and small groups of cells toward the dorsal midline during gastrulation. This process does not require cell rearrangement.


excitation of vasomotor center by baroreceptor signaling

The process in which the molecular signal from the arterial baroreceptors is relayed to the vasomotor center causing it to signal increase arterial pressure.


viral translational shunt

A viral translation initiation mechanism where ribosomes are loaded onto viral mRNA at the 5'-cap structure and start scanning for a short distance before by-passing the large internal leader region and initiating at a downstream start site.


germ cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


envenomation resulting in modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the bitten organism.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a symbiont cell, the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.


negative regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.


phenylacetaldoxime dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (trans)-phenylacetaldoxime = H2O + phenylacetonitrile.


O-glycan processing, core 4

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 4 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)[GalNAc-beta-(1->3)]-GalNAc.


anaerobic 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated, broad spectrum, contact insecticide, in the absence of oxygen.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


octopine catabolic process to proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine into other compounds, including proline.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.


creatinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: creatine + H2O = sarcosine + urea.


molybdenum cofactor guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction GTP + molybdenum cofactor = diphosphate + guanylyl molybdenum cofactor.


imaginal disc-derived wing hair elongation

Growth of a prehair in the approximately 10 hour period following its emergence from an epidermal cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Prehair elongation is guided and/or driven by the polymerization of actin filaments and the orderly crosslinking of filaments into bundles.


beta-acoradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> beta-acoradiene + diphosphoric acid.


proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an S1 cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


arabinose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose = D-ribulose.


NAD-dependent protein decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


ectoine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = ectoine + H2O.


neural plate regionalization

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes of the neural plate in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


tricaffeoyl spermidine O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tricaffeoyl spermidine + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3 H+ + triferuloyl spermidine + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


trehalose O-mycolyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6-mycolate = alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose.


acquisition of nutrients from host

The process that begins with the production and formation of structures and molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and utilization of nutrients from its host organism, and the ends with the acquirement of the nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


maintenance of protein location in peroxisome

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a peroxisome, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


intronic snoRNA processing

The biogenesis of a snoRNA molecule which resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA.


negative regulation of ATP:ADP antiporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ATP:ADP antiporter.


non-phosphorylated glucose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-phosphorylated forms of glucose.


seed trichome differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a seed trichome. A seed trichome is a trichome that develops from seed coat epidermis and is often long with putative dispersal function.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 O2 = (2R,2'R)-dihydroxy-all-trans-beta-carotene + 2 NAD + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: ethyl (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP+ = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.


regulatory ncRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional regulatory non-coding RNA.


silicate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of silicates from one side of a membrane to the other. Silicates are the salts of silicic acids, and are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.


detection of muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + a phosphatidylcholine.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


glycyrrhetinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycyrrhetinate.


positive regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


conidiogenone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of conidiogenone , a diterpene known to induce the conidiation.


regulation of male pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


regulation of galactoglucomannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactoglucomannan catabolic process.


D-aspartate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-aspartate + [beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n = [beta-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-6-N-(beta-D-Asp)-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)]n + ADP + phosphate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fructose + H+ = fructose + H+.


fatty acid primary amide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary fatty amides.


regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.


regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cis-zeatin <=> H+ + cis-zeatin-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


spore germination

The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth (e.g. emergence from a spore wall).


cyclopentanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopentanol + NAD+ = cyclopentanone + H+ + NADH.


peptidyl-cysteine modification to S-amindino-L-cysteine

The amidinylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-amidino-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-2 H-benzo[h]chromene-2-carboxylate.


protein arginine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein arginine = ADP + protein arginine phosphate.


benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol.


negative regulation of mitotic cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.


UAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAA codon.


bulbus arteriosus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bulbus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic heart chamber.


versicolorin B synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versiconal = versicolorin B + H2O.


regulation of cardiac chamber formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + a palmitoyl-[acp] = 1-heptadecene + 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


metal-dependent deNEDDylase activity

An metal-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves NEDD8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydroaustinol.


stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching, and contributing to the regulation of action potential in a cardiac muscle cell.


aldaric acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.


peripheral B cell selection

Any B cell selection process that occurs in the periphery.


dGMP salvage

Any process which produces a dGMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: nitrilotriacetate + OH- = H+ + 2 e- + glyoxylate + iminodiacetate.


pullulan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.


positive regulation of cytokinesis, site selection

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.


formaldehyde dismutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 formaldehyde + H2O = methanol + formate.


positive regulation of intracellular sterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.


dorsal vessel aortic cell fate commitment

The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to an aortic cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into aortic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine.


chloroplast fission

The division of a chloroplast within a cell to form two or more separate chloroplast compartments. This division occurs independently of mitosis.


intracellular ornithine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of orthinine within a cell.


regionalization

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


negative regulation of flocculation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.


positive regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.


negative regulation of female pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


lactate 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + O2 = acetate + CO2 + H2O.


cell wall modification involved in fruit ripening

The series of events resulting in chemical or structural alterations of existing cell walls that contribute to fruit ripening.


hypoglossal nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


positive regulation of stomatal opening

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal opening.


regulation of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. Double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm is a type of fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the 3n primary endosperm nucleus and then develops into the endosperm. The ploidy level of the 2n zygote and 3n primary endosperm nucleus is determined by the ploidy level of the parents involved. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


occlusion by symbiont of host vascular system

The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its host's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


coenzyme F420-1:gamma-L-glutamate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + L-glutamate + factor gamma-F420-1 = GDP + H+ + factor gamma-F420-2 + phosphate.


acryloyl-CoA reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propanoyl-CoA + NAD+ = acryloyl-CoA + H+ + NADH.


glycine dehydrogenase (cyanide-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + 2 A = HCN + CO2 + 2 AH2.


canthaxanthin 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: canthaxanthin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = adonirubin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


fat body development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fat body is an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism.


chromate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chromate = chromium (III).


pronephros morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephros are generated and organized. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-2-oxopent-4-enoate + H2O = 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate.


monosaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.


aldehyde oxygenase (deformylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction a long-chain aldehyde + O2 + 2 NADPH = an alkane + formate + H2O + 2 NADP+.


negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin in the anterior end of the neural plate. This regulation sets up a Wnt signaling gradient along the anterior/posterior axis.


aerobic glycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, in the presence of oxygen.


establishment of floral organ orientation

The process that determines the orientation of the floral organs with reference to the central axis of the flower.


striated muscle adaptation

Any process in which striated muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


pigment metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.


alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + methylphosphonate = alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate + adenine.


glomus development

The progression of the glomus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomus forms from the splanchnic intermediate mesoderm and is the vascularized filtration unit, filtering the blood before it enters the tubules. The glomus is external to the nephron and extends over more than one body segment.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ADP + H+ = ADP-ribose + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrochelirubine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine + H2O + NADP+.


cadinene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cadinene.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 (CCL6) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


response to quercetin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quercetin stimulus.


positive regulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


octanol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.


mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


response to non-ionic osmotic stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.


regulation of floral organ abscission by signal transduction

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately modulating the rate, or extent of floral organ abscission.


regulation of catalase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.


asperthecin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.


cellular response to miconazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a miconazole stimulus.


trimethylenediamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trimethylenediamine.


orotic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving orotic acid.


cortical collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cortical collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cortical collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex.


negative regulation of organic acid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


female sex differentiation

The establishment of the sex of a female organism by physical differentiation.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a cysteinyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c553] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c553] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.


plastid DNA replication

The process in which new strands of DNA are synthesized in a plastid.


L-lyxose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lyxose, the L-enantiomer of aldopentose lyxo-pentose, the C-2 epimer of xylose.


de-etiolation

The greening response of plants grown in the dark (etiolated) as a result of chloroplast biogenesis and the accumulation of chlorophyll.


protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glycine.


mannogen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannogen, a mannose-containing polysaccharide that is a major energy reserve in Leishmania.


lysosomal enzyme production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of lysosomal enzymes following a stimulus as part of a inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


antiphagocytosis

Any process in which a symbiont avoids phagocytosis by a host cell, for example a phagocyte or a macrophage. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


sperm aster formation

Formation and organization of an aster composed of microtubule arrays originating from the sperm basal body and extending virtually to the egg periphery. The sperm aster ensures the appropriate positioning of the male and female pronuclei.


allose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-glutamate.


terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).


regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Any voltage-gated calcium channel activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


vesicle targeting, inter-Golgi cisterna

The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from one Golgi cisterna to another.


regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


lipoprotein biosynthetic process via N-acyl transfer

The chemical reactions and pathways by which N-acyl transfer leads to formation of a water-soluble protein-lipid complex.


protein localization to outer membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location the cell outer membrane.


thiosulfate binding

Binding to a thiosulfate, a sulfur oxide that has formula O3S2.


phenol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anisole + H+.


cis-chlorobenzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of a di- or tetrachlorinated dienol to the corresponding catechol.


positive regulation by virus of host cell division

Any process where an infecting virus activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its host's cell division.


pentitol phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitol phosphates, any phosphorylated alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


tolerance induction in Peyer's patch

Tolerance induction taking place in the Peyer's patches.


cap-independent translational initiation of circular RNA

The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate circRNA translation.


pancreas regeneration

The regrowth of a destroyed pancreas.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> pelargonidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + vanillate + H+.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.


apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces

The coming together of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the imaginal disc-derived wing during the conversion of a folded single layered wing disc to a flat bilayered wing.


D-arabitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.


exocyst assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of various polypeptides into the exocyst complex.


larval wandering behavior

The movement of a third instar larva through a substrate in search of a pupation site. This movement occurs without feeding and is characterized by short bursts of forward movement, separated by stops and repeated side-to-side head probes, followed normally by a change in direction.


regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached.


Catalysis of the reaction: cirsimaritin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> salvigenin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


negative regulation of compound eye pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


biphenyl synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA = 4 CoA + 3,5-dihydroxybiphenyl + 4 CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-carboxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + 2 H+ + phthalate.


pronephros formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pronephros. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


specification of segmental identity, head

The specification of the characteristic structures of the head segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


mannan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mannan(n) + GDP-mannose = mannan(n+1) + GDP. This reaction is the formation of the beta-(1->4)-linked mannan backbone in substrates such as galactomannan.


delphinidin 7-O-glucoside acyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-(6-O-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + beta-D-glucose.


regulation of response to butan-1-ol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.


RNA-templated viral transcription

A transcription process that uses viral RNA as a template.


neurotransmitter binding

Binding to a neurotransmitter, any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


circumnutation

The organismal movement by which the tip of a plant organ follows a spiral pattern as a consequence of growth.


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in cell wall disassembly

The chemical reactions and pathways that result in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall, and contributes to the breakdown of the cell wall.


acyl-CoA 11-(E)-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = an (11E)-delta11-fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


UDP-glucose: 9-methylthiononylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 9-methylthiononylhydroximate <=> 8-methylthiooctyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloronitrobenzene + NADPH + H+ = 1-chloro-4-nitrosobenzene + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.


protein localization to mating projection tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mating projection tip.


synaptic transmission, noradrenergic

The vesicular release of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of noradrenaline receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


sporocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized floral cell acquires the specialized features of a sporocyte. Sporocytes are the haploid spores of angiosperms. Once formed, they undergo meiotic divisions to form microspores and megaspores.


arabinonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: neoagarobiose + H2O <=> 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + beta-D-galactoside.


regulation of defense response by callose deposition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response by callose deposition.


Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to give 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products, with a preference for cleavage within the sequence CC.


Latia-luciferin monooxygenase (demethylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 O2 + donor-H2 + Latia luciferin = light + H2O + acceptor + formate + CO2 + oxidized Latia luciferin.