hindgut contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


disassembly by symbiont of host cuticle

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a breakdown of the host organism cuticle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to dextromethorphan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dextromethorphan stimulus.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, with other known acceptors

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen reduces a known acceptor other than a cytochrome, an iron-sulfur protein, NAD, NADP, or a quinone or similar compound.


cell migration involved in heart formation

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that contribute to the formation of the heart. The initial heart structure is made up of mesoderm-derived heart progenitor cells and neural crest-derived cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-tyrosine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-tyrosine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


caudal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the caudal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


nucleocytoplasmic carrier activity

Binding to and carrying a cargo between the nucleus and the cytoplasm by moving along with the cargo. The cargo can be either a RNA or a protein.


R1/R6 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R1 and R6 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ergothioneine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


alpha-beta T cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


chondro-4-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate + H2O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H+ + sulfate.


mycothione reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + mycothiol = NAD(P)H + H+ + mycothione.


DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and progresses through signal transduction and ends with cell cycle effector processes.


positive regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.


site-specific recombinase activity

Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique target DNA sequences.


O antigen polymerase activity

Catalysis of the polymerization of o-antigen chains. O-antigens are tetra- and pentasaccharide repeat units of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and are a component of lipopolysaccharide.


hemocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of hemocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages at the branch points of dextrans and related polysaccharides, producing free D-glucose.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which an electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


translation at postsynapse

Translation that occurs at the postsynapse.


Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group to 4-hydroxybutyrate.


anterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.


positive regulation of shoot apical meristem development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.


specification of connecting tubule identity

The process in which the connecting tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


L-tryptophan decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + tryptamine.


myoblast fate specification involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.


positive regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.


rhombomere 4 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form a tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection.


phlobaphene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.


negative regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


D-ribose 5-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell within the dorsal ectoderm becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


production of molecular mediator of immune response

The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


mitochondrial RNA modification

Any RNA modification that takes place in mitochondrion.


plant organ morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a plant organ is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acetylenedicarboxylate = CO2 + pyruvate.


positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.


formaldehyde transketolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone.


pigment cell precursor differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pigment cell precursor.


arthrospore formation

The formation of conidia by the conversion of a pre-existing hypha. An arthrospore is produced by the last cell on a hypha breaking off and dispersing. Usually the walls thicken and the cell(s) separates before swelling of each spore. Sometimes further septa form in each cell prior to disarticulation.


circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone

The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system contributing to different values of blood pressure oscillating with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


DNA alpha-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.


vanillin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.


mitochondrial RNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


amygdalin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-amygdalin + H2O = (R)-prunasin + D-glucose.


phosphate butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + phosphate = butanoyl phosphate + CoA.


negative regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.


response to pheromone regulating pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that regulates the process of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.


phytoene dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the dehydrogenation of phytoene to produce a carotenoid intermediate such as phytofluene.


peptidyl-dehydroalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine

The formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine from either peptidyl-tyrosine by phenyl transfer, or from peptidyl-serine, which is coupled with the formation of 5-imidazolinone by the two neighboring residues, produces an 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one active site of some amino acid ammonia-lyases; the 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one, is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the sequence ASG.


induction by virus of host cell-cell fusion

The process of syncytia-forming cell-cell fusion, caused by a virus.


negative regulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campesterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + H2O + NADP.


15-cis-phytoene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> 15-cis-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(L-gamma-glutamylamino)butanoate + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate.


vancomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.


negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


response to p-xylene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a p-xylene stimulus.


regulation of border follicle cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.


response to gibberellin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.


extracellular ATP signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of extracellular ATP.


pantetheine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine = ADP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylthiobutyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 4-methylthiobutyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


regulation of plant organ formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ formation.


hepaticobiliary system process

An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins.


inositol 3-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


oleate peroxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oleate + a lipid hydroperoxide <=> 9,10-epoxystearate + a lipid alcohol.


myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.


detection of cytokinin stimulus

The series of events in which a cytokinin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


carbazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.


interleukin-1 beta production

The appearance of interleukin-1 beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


phorbol ester receptor activity

Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


double-stranded miRNA binding

Binding to double-stranded miRNA. double-stranded miRNA is formed by processing of pre-miRNA stem-loop structures.


4 iron, 3 sulfur cluster binding

Binding to a 4 iron, 3 sulfur (4Fe-3S) cluster, an uncommon iron-sulfur cluster with unique properties found in oxygen-tolerant Ni-Fe hydrogenases of various bacteria.


hydroxyethylthiazole kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + ATP = 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + ADP + 2 H+.


verbascose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 stachyose <=> verbascose + raffinose.


retinal cone cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


septin ring disassembly

The controlled breakdown of a septin ring.


prenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prenol + nucleoside triphosphate = prenyl phosphate + nucleoside diphosphate activity.


(-)-lactol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-lactol + NAD <=> H+ + (-)-matairesinol + NADH.


mesonephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


cell adhesion involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite in a neuron of the amphid sensory organ.


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex

The binding of a peptide antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.


regulation of pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction.


tensidol A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol A.


positive regulation of ascus development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.


epithelial-mesenchymal signaling involved in prostate gland development

Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted and contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


myosin II filament organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


wing disc pattern formation

The process giving rise to the pattern of cell differentiation in the wing imaginal disc.


negative regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = D-mannosyl undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP.


negative regulation of pharynx morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pharynx morphogenesis.


quercetin gentiobioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> quercetin-3-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+.


patchoulene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> diphosphoric acid + gamma-patchoulene.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the anterior/posterior pattern of the neural plate.


negative regulation of toxin transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.


gibberellin-15(closed lactone form),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3beta-hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A15 (closed lactone form) + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = gibberellin A37 (closed lactone form) + succinate + carbon dioxide.


coenzyme gamma-F420-2 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a coenzyme gamma-F420-2.


cellular response to platinum ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.


methanofuran biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanofuran.


(+)-neomenthol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-neomenthol + NADP+ = (2S,5R)-menthone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = cyanin betaine + UDP.


envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


xylan O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a xylan= CoA + an acetylated xylan.


positive regulation of eosinophil extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.


quercetin O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.


peptide cross-linking via L-cysteinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine

The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue N, a cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+2, a glycine, coupled with the formation of a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+1 which loses one hydrogen, and the loss of a molecule of water.


cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

The attachment of a cell to either a host cell or a microbial cell of the same species, or to an underlying host substrate, such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules, occurring during the formation of a biofilm in or on a host species.


regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.


microglial cell migration

The orderly movement of a microglial cell from one site to another.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of a hydroxylated derivative of mandelate (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetate).


posterior cibarial plate development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior cibarial plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


proteasome storage granule disassembly

The disaggregation of a proteasome storage granule into its constituent components.


ureide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ureide, allantoin and allantoate, which are the organic forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants.


positive regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: aspulvinone E + 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = aspulvinone H + 2 diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = benzyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + H+ + NADPH.


ATPase-coupled arsenite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + arsenite(in) = ADP + phosphate + arsenite(out).


lysine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


appendage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


Catalysis of the reaction: sirohydrochlorin + Co2+ = cobalt-sirohydrochlorin + 2 H+.


peptidyl-serine O-glucuronidation

The O-glucuronidation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-D-glucuronyl-L-serine.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADP <=> (2E)-2-butylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADPH + H+.


peripheral tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the periphery.


regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


regulation of metanephric podocyte development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.


antipodal cell differentiation

The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an antipodal cell.


sensory perception of hot stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a hot temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-O-(glucosyl)-p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside] sinapoylglucose glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2'''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-p-coumaroyl)-2-O-(2-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-xylosyl)-beta-D-glucosyl]-5-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + trans-sinapate + H+.


Bacillus subtilis ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides.


suppression by virus of host tetherin activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host tetherin activity. Tetherin (also known as BST2) is an alpha interferon-inducible cellular factor that impairs the release of many enveloped viruses. By blocking tetherin activity, many viruses circumvent its antiviral effects.


oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylose residues from the reducing end of oligosaccharides.


endoribonuclease activity involved in viral induction of host mRNA catabolic process

Any endoribonuclease activity that contributes to the viral-induced catabolism of host mRNA.


CDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-D-glucose = CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O.


regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.


gibberellin A53,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity (GA97-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A53 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A97 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.


terpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: castasterone + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> castasterone-23-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


regulation of anther dehiscence

Any process involved in the dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylglucosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylglucosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


beta-nitroacrylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitropropanoate + NADP+ = 3-nitroacrylate + H+ + NADPH.


cell-cell signaling involved in lung development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the lung, from its initial state to the mature structure.


iron incorporation into protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron

The incorporation of iron into a protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron (there is no exogenous sulfur, so this modification by itself does not produce an iron-sulfur protein).


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade

Any process in which a virus interferes with the JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism.


negative regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.


response to phenylalanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.


response to triterpenoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triterpenoid stimulus.


negative regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.


8C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 8C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + 2 H+.


response to clopidogrel

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clopidogrel stimulus. Clopidogrel is a is an oral, thienopyridine-class antiplatelet agent used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease.


cytochrome biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cytochrome.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-galacturonate = CO2 + UDP-L-arabinose.


formaldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent.


negative regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to iron ion starvation.


swim bladder maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a swim bladder to attain its fully functional state. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


methanol oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of methanol to methyl-Coenzyme M.


toluene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + toluene = (1S,2R)-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesonephros development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the mesonephros over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


positive regulation of phenotypic switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.


demethylkotanin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of demethylkotanin.


RNA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication.


regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O.


serotonin biosynthetic process from tryptophan

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation from tryptophan of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions

The process in which neurons interact with each other to promote migration along a tangential plane.


regulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


phytochromobilin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha.


protein nucleotidylation

The addition of a nucleotide to a protein amino acid.


non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.


regulation of penetration hypha formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


multiple spine synapse organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and one or more dendritic spines.


s-triazine compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.


anterior head segmentation

Partitioning the insect head anlage into procephalic (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) segments. The procephalic segments lie anterior to the gnathal (posterior head) segments, and are pattered by different segmentation gene cascades to the abdominal, thoracic and posterior head (gnathal) segments.


succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = succinate + NADPH + 2 H+.


L-lysine 6-monooxygenase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NADPH + O2 = N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + H2O + NADP+.


vistamycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vistamycin.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid halide bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid halide bond.


demethoxycurcumin synthase activity from feruloylacetyl-CoA

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloylacetyl-CoA + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O = demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation from a neural crest cell to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


atrial cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to atrial cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.


esculetin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.


ferulate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ferulate.


modulation by virus of host cytokine production

Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-alpha-D-mannosyl)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP.


regulation protein catabolic process at synapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the synapse.


4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).


positive regulation of starch catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.


positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.


diorcinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diorcinol.


mesonephric glomerular basement membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the mesonephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.


Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming an alpha-1,6-D-xylosyl-D-glucose linkage.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by chemo-mechanical energy conversion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by regulating force and velocity of shortening. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through formation of cross bridges. The shortening leads to reduction of length of muscle fiber and sarcomeres.


negative regulation of motor neuron migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


viral release via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell, caused by a virus stopping, preventing, or reducing peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + delta2,5-3,4,4-trimethylpimelyl-CoA.


quercetin 3-glucoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


EGAD pathway

The protein catabolic pathway which selectively extracts ER-resident membrane proteins exported to the Golgi and endosomes for degradation by cytosolic proteasomes. It begins with phosphorylation of the ER-resident membrane protein, which triggers export of the protein from the ER to the Golgi and endosomes, followed by polyubiquitination by the Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and extraction of the ubiquitinated target, and ends with proteasomal degradation.


ATPase-coupled organic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + organic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + organic acid(in/out).


benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.


negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


seed trichome initiation

The process in which the developmental fate of an epidermal cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a seed trichome, causing a change in the orientation of cell division in the ovule epidermis at or just before anthesis.


benzoyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoyl-CoA.


egg chorion assembly

Construction of the chorion portion of the egg, which is a protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.


beta-glucan transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of beta-glucans from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-glucans are compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-glucosidic bonds.


formation of appressorium germ tube hook structure

The development of a swollen tip at the growing end of a symbiont spore which usually flattens against the host cell surface prior to appressorium formation.


2-phosphoglycerate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycerate + ATP = 2,3-diphosphoglycerate + ADP.


alkene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in echolocation

The series of events involved in echolocation in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of a reflected sound wave (an echo), which the organism uses to determine the distance to the object that reflected the sound wave.


prostate field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D4-steroid + reduced acceptor.


protein localization to cell division site

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division.


mentha-1,3-dione-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mentha-1,3-dione + CoASH = 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-octyl-CoA.


fruit ripening, climacteric

A fruit ripening process that involves a burst of respiration and ethylene (ethene) evolution at the onset.


detection of injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


IDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.


aerobic respiration, using sulfur or sulfate as electron donor

An aerobic respiration process in which a sulfur-containing molecule (hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, sulfite, thiosulfate, and various polythionates) is oxidized.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD+ = catechol + CO2 + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + laricitrin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin.


terrein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terrein, a fungal metabolite with ecological, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antioxidative activities.


3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.


germline ring canal formation

Assembly of the cytoplasmic bridges between developing spermatogonial or oogonial cysts.


modulation by virus of host cytoplasmic transport

Modulation by an infecting virus of host cytoplasmic transport.


tryptophan dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + NAD(P)+ = (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.


conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

A conjugation process that results in the mutual exchange and union of only genetic information between compatible mating types. Conjugation without cellular fusion requires direct cellular contact between the organisms without plasma membrane fusion. The organisms involved in conjugation without cellular fusion separate after nuclear exchange.


regulation of sclerotome development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.


Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + coumaroyl-CoA = 4-coumaroylshikimate + CoA.


progesterone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + progesterone = A + H2O + testosterone acetate.


arabinose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, and as a polymer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


plant-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


taxane 10-beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate = 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


carbohydrate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + cation(out) = sugar(in) + cation(in).


L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into pyruvate of L-cystine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.20).


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile = UDP + (S)-4-hydroxy-mandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(37) in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + C2-methyladenine(37) in a tRNA.


negative regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.


sulfur oxygenase reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5 sulfur + oxygen + 4 H2O = sulfite + thiosulfate + 2 hydrogen sulfide + 9 H+.


eoxin A4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene A4 = eoxin A4.


farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: farnesoic acid + S-adenosyl-methionine = methyl farnesoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


cellular response to red or far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycosaminoglycan + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylglycosaminoglycan + UDP.


circadian regulation of heart rate

Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


thiamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = ADP + 2 H+ + thiamine phosphate.


ocellus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ocellus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.


regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.


mannose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose = D-fructose.


modulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


adaptation of signaling pathway

The regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.


negative regulation of immune effector process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.


(S)-stylopine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-cheilanthifoline + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-stylopine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.


blood vessel endothelial cell migration involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during intussusceptive angiogenesis.


modulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-cysteine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine.


territorial aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior performed in defence of a fixed area against intruders, typically conspecifics.


O-decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a decyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


polymyxin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of appressorium formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.


aluminum ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aluminum (Al) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O2 = CO2 + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 4-chlorophenoxyacetate.


phenanthrene 3,4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-3,4-oxide.


Golgi vesicle bud deformation and release

The process in which cytosolic coat proteins fit together in a basketlike convex framework to form a coated deformed region on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The deformed region forms into a complete vesicle and is released.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside <=> H+ + pelargonidin 3-O-sophoroside + UDP.


mRNA trans splicing, via spliceosome

The joining together of exons from two different primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.


serine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-serine + CoA.


austinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving austinol.


glycine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (1) glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (2) D-alanine + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (3) sarcosine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + methylamine + hydrogen peroxide; (4) N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + ethylamine + hydrogen peroxide.


L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.


fibroblast growth factor production

The appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


asymmetric protein localization to old or new spindle pole body

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to either the old or new spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.


maleate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-malate = H2O + maleate.


salivary gland cell autophagic cell death

The stage-specific programmed cell death of salivary gland cells during salivary gland histolysis.


transcription factor TFIIIB complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a transcription factor TFIIIB complex.


mitochondrial proliferation

The multiplication of mitochondria, resulting in the expansion of the number of mitochondria within a cell.


negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.


negative regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue.


astrocyte chemotaxis

The directed movement of an astrocyte guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


pore formation during contractile vacuole discharge

The formation of a transient pore in the plasma membrane and the attached contractile vacuolar membrane, to release water from the cell. This process does not involve fusion of the two membranes.


transferase activity, transferring one-carbon groups

Catalysis of the transfer of a one-carbon group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


21U-RNA binding

Binding to a 21U-RNA, a 21-nucleotide RNA characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.


formate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate = ADP + formyl phosphate + H+.


formimidoylglutamase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + formamide.


hydrolase activity, acting on ether bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ether or thioether bond, -O- or -S- respectively.


glomerular mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


regulation of budding cell apical bud growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.


respiratory chemosensitivity

A homeostatic process by which the sensing of CO2 and/or H+ by the brain leads to appropriate altering in breathing to regulate blood gas and tissue pH.


regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis.


dormancy exit of symbiont in host

Exit from dormant state, also known as resuscitation, of the symbiont within the host organism.


metanephric long nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros.


negative regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


diferric-transferrin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: transferrin[Fe2+]2 + NAD+ = transferrin[Fe3+]2 + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> beta-sesquiphellandrene + diphosphoric acid.


negative regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops or prevents ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.


fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumigaclavine C, a fungal ergot alkaloid.


wall teichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.


hatching behavior

The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell.


detection of carbon dioxide

The series of events in which a carbon dioxide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


entry of viral genome into host nucleus via retainment of capsid in nuclear pore complex and release of genome into nucleoplasm

Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid enters the host nuclear pore complex (NPC) but remains attached to the pore on the nuclear side. The capsid then disassembles, releasing the viral genome into the nucleoplasm.


aminoglycoside 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + streptomycin 6-phosphate.


regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-N-acetylmannosaminouronate = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminouronosyl-1,4-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.


negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of fucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of fucose or a fucose derivative.


male-female gamete recognition during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin + UDP-D-glucose = daphnin + H+ + UDP.


phthalate dioxygenase reductase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of electrons between pyridine nucleotides (obligatory two-electron carriers) and hemes or (2Fe-2S) centers (obligatory one-electron carriers) in respiration, photosynthesis, and many oxygenase systems.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H(2) = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + H+.


detection of endoplasmic reticulum overloading

The series of events in which a stimulus generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is received and converted into a molecular signal.


zoospore encystment on host

The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont zoospore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine + H2O + H+ = L-leucine + benzyl alcohol + CO2.


nor-spermidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an ergot alkaloid.


negative regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


ABC-type beta-glucan transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + beta-glucan(in) = ADP + phosphate + beta-glucan(out).


negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any canonical Wnt signaling that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of heart induction.


negative regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


acquisition of nutrients from symbiont

The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of synergid differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate 5-aminopentanamide.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetyl-mannosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetyl-mannosamine(out) = protein histidine +N-acetyl- mannosamine-6-phosphate(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate <=> mannosylfructose-phosphate + GDP.


dipyrrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.


gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


alpha-thujene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) <=> alpha-thujene + diphosphoric acid.


positive regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


interleukin-34 production

The appearance of interleukin-34 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.


epidermal stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of epidermal stem cells within a population of cells.


blood vessel endothelial cell delamination involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

Any blood vessel endothelial cell delamination that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


amnioserosa formation

Formation of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. This occurs by the transformation of a narrow strip of cells at the dorsal midline of the blastoderm from columnar to squamous cells, accompanied by a lateral shift.


peptidyl-histidine guanylation

The guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.


Mre11 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.


alcohol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on an alcohol acceptor molecule.


positive regulation of brood size

Any process that increases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


D-ribose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


connecting tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct.


regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


phenylethylamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


cranial ganglion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a cranial ganglion is generated and organized.


regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.


leucine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + H2O + NAD+ = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH.


lymphocyte anergy

Any process contributing to lymphocyte anergy, a state of functional inactivation.


cellular response to viscosity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a viscosity stimulus.


GAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAU codon.


N-acetylmuramic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


peptidyl-lysine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine = 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate + L-glutamate.


sigma factor activity

Sigma factors act as the promoter specificity subunit of eubacterial and plant plastid multisubunit RNA polymerases, whose core subunit composition is often described as alpha(2)-beta-beta-prime. Although sigma does not bind DNA on its own, when combined with the core to form the holoenzyme, the sigma factor binds specifically to promoter elements. The sigma subunit is released once elongation begins.


geranylate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylate + CoASH = trans-geranyl-CoA + OH-.


tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyll a + NADP = tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of CoA-transferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.


adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses. An example of this is the adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


wing disc development

Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + myo-inositol 1-phosphate = alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-myoinositol.


diaminopimelate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H+ = L-lysine + CO2.


poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond between the 5'-pyrimidine residue in cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) and the corresponding deoxy-D-ribose residue.


adenosylcobinamide kinase (ATP-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + ATP = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP + H+.


Catalysis of the reactions: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH, and (1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH + H+.


long descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.


cellular response to phenylalanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.


mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


monodictyphenone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monodictyphenone.


alpha-1,3-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->3)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


ABC-type 3',5'-cyclic GMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) = ADP + phosphate + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out).


toluene 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxytoluene.


regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


photoreceptor cell differentiation

The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to selenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.


sabinene-hydrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = diphosphate + sabinene hydrate.


response to imidacloprid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an imidacloprid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-11-oxopentalenate + O2 + NADPH + H+ = pentalenolactone D + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-propionylpeptide. This reaction is the propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.


histidine catabolic process to imidazol-5-yl-lactate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including imidazol-5-yl-lactate.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation.


negative regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


metal cluster binding

Binding to a cluster of atoms including both metal ions and nonmetal atoms, usually sulfur and oxygen. Examples include iron-sulfur clusters and nickel-iron-sulfur clusters.


2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NADP+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-arginine = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-ornithine.


positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal.


histone H3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


specification of segmental identity, intercalary segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the intercalary segment of the anterior head, following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.


homoserine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-homoserine + CoA.


U2 snRNA adenosine m6 methytransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N6-methyl-adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


cellular response to sulfur starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.


beta-elemene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> beta-elemene + diphosphoric acid.


lycopene epsilon cyclase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of an epsilon ring at one end of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form delta-carotene (epsilon, psi-carotene).


4-aminobenzenesulfonate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 4-sulfocatechol.


coenzyme F420 hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420 + H(2) + H+ = reduced coenzyme F420.


tungsten incorporation into tungsten-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of tungsten into a tungsten-molybdopterin complex.


positive regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


flavonoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.


ubiquinone-6 binding

Binding to ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-N-dimethylethanolamine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with two N-methylations with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine and phospho-N-methylethanolamine, followed by a downstream N-methylation on phosphatidyl-base phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.


peptidyl-tyrosine hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dihydroxyphenylalanine.


response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-esculetin + UDP + H+.


negative regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: cytosylglucuronic acid + H+ = cytosylarabinopyranose + CO2.


meiotic M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle.


positive regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


cephalosporin C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephalosporin C.


positive regulation of oogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.


protein insertion into ER membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.


metal ion sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a metal ion.


positive regulation of uredinium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


vanillate O-demethylase (anaerobic) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + Co+ = Co3+-CH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


juglone 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 juglone + O2 = 2 3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + 2 H+.


imaginal disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-glycerate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+.


DNM1L-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a DNM1L-family molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H2O = (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate.


regulation of thymine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to cytarabine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytarabine stimulus.


suppression by virus of host type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type III interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type III interferon is also known as interferon-lambda.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferide + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,4'-dimethylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans.


ectoine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


ribonuclease IV activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in dendrite guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in dendrite guidance.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + quinolin-2-ol = H2O + NAD+ + quinoline-2,8-diol.


The attachment of a peroxisome to a chloroplast via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


response to very low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + pyruvate = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-alanine.


branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane

A process that hyerpolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an inhibitory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential away from the firing threshold.


1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene extradiol dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + O2 = 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H+.


tracheary element differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tracheary element.


4-methylaminobutyrate oxidase (demethylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(methylamino)butyric acid + O2 + H2O <=> gamma-aminobutyric acid + formaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate.


protein-containing complex stabilizing activity

A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex, thus preventing an interaction with a factor that would promote dissociation of the complex.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolinidin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> luteolinidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate.


1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity (SN2-16:1 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


response to diphenyl ether

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenyl ether stimulus.


pullulan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-32 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, carboxy-terminal

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxy-terminal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has a carboxy-terminal thiocarboxy-C(=O)-SH bond.


detection of muscle inactivity

The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


formate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH.


aphidicolan-16 beta-ol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = aphidicolan-16-beta-ol + diphosphate.


negative regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.


phthalate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate = (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate. (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate is also known as trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate.


ubiquinone-6 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone-6.


cellular response to nitrogen compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.


endocardial precursor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial precursor cell. A endocardial precursor cell is a cell that has been committed to a endocardial cell fate, but will undergo further cell divisions rather than terminally differentiate.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in scattered antral spaces stage

The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the scattered antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


positive regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


modulation by symbiont of host immune response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


plasma membrane fusion involved in cytogamy

The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround cells, that contributes to cytogamy.


compound eye pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


preQ1 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine + 2 NADP+ = 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + 3 H+ + 2 NADPH.


positive regulation of trichoblast fate specification

Any process that induces or promotes trichoblast fate specification.


limonene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.


regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.


chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex.


coenzyme F420-2 alpha-glutamyl ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420-2 + L-glutamate + GTP = coenzyme F420-3 + GDP + orthophosphate.


oxalate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + oxalate = CO2 + formate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose = UDP-4-keto-rhamnose.


ethylene receptor histidine kinase activity

Combining with ethylene and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


ecdysone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.