regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.


glucose import

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.


longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The portion of the free sarcoplasmic reticulum consisting of longitudinal tubules that connect terminal cisternae.


sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


ENO4_HUMAN Enolase 4 (sprot)

An enolase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycolytic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.


UBP27_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 27 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 27 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity

An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


K63-linked deubiquitinase activity

Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys63 residue of ubiquitin.


K48-linked deubiquitinase activity

Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys48 residue of ubiquitin.


protein deubiquitination

The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein.


protein K63-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


protein K48-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K48-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


TBB8B_HUMAN Tubulin beta 8B (sprot)

A tubulin that is a translation product of the TUBB8B gene in human.


intercellular bridge

A direct connection between the cytoplasm of two cells that is formed following the completion of cleavage furrow ingression during cell division. They are usually present only briefly prior to completion of cytokinesis. However, in some cases, such as the bridges between germ cells during their development, they become stabilised.


ZN716_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 716 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 716 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZAR1L_HUMAN Protein ZAR1-like (sprot)

A ZAR1-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


oocyte maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.


Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.


TTLL8_HUMAN Protein monoglycylase TTLL8 (sprot)

A protein monoglycylase TTLL8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein-glycine ligase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target protein.


protein-glycine ligase activity, initiating

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of a glycine residue to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a target protein.


protein polyglycylation

The addition of glycyl units covalently bound to the gamma carboxyl group peptidyl-glutamic acid.


sperm flagellum

A microtubule-based flagellum (or cilium) that is part of a sperm, a mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.


NCB2L_HUMAN Nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 2-like (sprot)

A nuclear cap-binding protein subunit 2-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome

The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript.


LRIQ3_HUMAN Leucine-rich repeat and IQ domain-containing protein 3 (sprot)

A leucine-rich repeat and IQ domain-containing protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ABTB3_HUMAN Ankyrin repeat and BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 3 (sprot)

An ankyrin repeat and BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


YJEN3_HUMAN YjeF N-terminal domain-containing protein 3 (sprot)

A YjeF N-terminal domain-containing protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


regulation of cholesterol efflux

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


negative regulation of angiogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.


membrane raft distribution

The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a cellular membrane.


hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop.


GOG8A_HUMAN Golgin subfamily A member 8A (sprot)

A golgin subfamily A member 8A that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD047_HUMAN UPF0602 protein C4orf47 (sprot)

A UPF0602 protein C4orf47 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytoplasmic microtubule

Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.


9+0 non-motile cilium

A non-motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets but no central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+0 axoneme).


ZSWM8_HUMAN Zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 8 (sprot)

A zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ubiquitin ligase-substrate adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a ubiquitin ligase and its substrate. Usually mediated by F-box BTB/POZ domain proteins.


proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


target-directed miRNA degradation

The process in which a miRNA is targeted for degradation by a non-coding RNA or mRNA. The binding of an RNA to a target miRNA within a RISC complex results in either ubiquitin-mediated degradation of AGO protein or the displacement of the 3' end of the miRNA, exposing it to nucleases.


positive regulation of miRNA catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of miRNA catabolic process.


Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul3 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a BTB-domain-containing protein.


MYH7B_HUMAN Myosin-7B (sprot)

A myosin-7B that is encoded in the genome of human.


RHG32_HUMAN Rho GTPase-activating protein 32 (sprot)

A rho/Cdc42/Rac GTPase-activating protein RICS that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding

Binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


DISP2_HUMAN Protein dispatched homolog 2 (sprot)

A protein dispatched homolog 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TBKB1_HUMAN TANK-binding kinase 1-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A TANK-binding kinase 1-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by type I interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


serine/threonine protein kinase complex

A protein complex which is capable of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


SRRM4_HUMAN Serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 4 (sprot)

A serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mRNA binding

Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.


regulation of RNA splicing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


SOBP_HUMAN Sine oculis-binding protein homolog (sprot)

A sine oculis-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


SUMO polymer binding

Binding to a polymer of the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO.


cognition

The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.


cochlea development

The progression of the cochlea over time from its formation to the mature structure. The cochlea is the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear that is responsible for the detection of sound.


P121C_HUMAN Nuclear envelope pore membrane protein POM 121C (sprot)

A nuclear envelope pore membrane protein POM 121C that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).


CF176_HUMAN Putative transcriptional regulator encoded by LINC00473 (sprot)


DNA-templated transcription

The synthesis of an RNA transcript from a DNA template.


ZN839_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 839 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 839 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ME3L2_HUMAN Putative homeobox protein Meis3-like 2 (sprot)

A putative homeobox protein Meis3-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WASH1_HUMAN WASH complex subunit 1 (sprot)

A WASH complex subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


exocyst

A protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse. At least eight complex components are conserved between yeast and mammals.


alpha-tubulin binding

Binding to the microtubule constituent protein alpha-tubulin.


exocytosis

A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.


negative regulation of autophagy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


endosomal transport

The directed movement of substances mediated by an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials enclosed in the lumen or located in the endosomal membrane.


positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.


regulation of protein ubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.


endocytic recycling

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the plasma membrane, a trafficking pathway that promotes the recycling of internalized transmembrane proteins.


Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins.


regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.


retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.


late endosome

A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.


autophagosome

A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the lytic vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy.


recycling endosome

An organelle consisting of a network of tubules that functions in targeting molecules, such as receptors transporters and lipids, to the plasma membrane.


recycling endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a recycling endosome.


WASH complex

A protein complex that localizes at the surface of endosomes, where it recruits and activates the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. In human, the WASH complex is composed of F-actin-capping protein subunits alpha and beta, WASH1, FAM21, KIAA1033, KIAA0196 and CCDC53.


A2ML1_HUMAN Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like protein 1 (sprot)

An alpha-2-macroglobulin-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a serine-type endopeptidase.


regulation of endopeptidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


CLM7_HUMAN CMRF35-like molecule 7 (sprot)

A CMRF35-like molecule 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


immune system process

Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.


CO062_HUMAN Uncharacterized protein C15orf62, mitochondrial (sprot)

An uncharacterized protein C15orf62 homolog, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLCA1_HUMAN Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 (sprot)

A calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


chloride channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a chloride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


calcium ion transport

The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cellular response to hypoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.


chloride transmembrane transport

The process in which chloride is transported across a membrane.


zymogen granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a zymogen granule.


OCAT2_HUMAN POU class 2 homeobox associating factor 3 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the POU2AF3 gene in human.


transcription coactivator activity

A transcription coregulator activity that activates or increases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coactivators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coactivators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators. A fourth class of coactivator activity is the bridging of a DNA-binding transcription factor to the general (basal) transcription machinery. The Mediator complex, which bridges sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors and RNA polymerase, is also a transcription coactivator.


POU domain binding

Binding to a POU domain of a protein. The POU domain is a bipartite DNA binding domain composed of two subunits separated by a non-conserved region of 15-55 amino acids; it is found in several eukaryotic transcription factors.


EFCB7_HUMAN EF-hand calcium-binding domain-containing protein 7 (sprot)

An EF-hand calcium-binding domain-containing protein 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


positive regulation of protein import into nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


protein localization to motile cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a motile cilium.


positive regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane.


ciliary membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cilium.


SFI1_HUMAN Protein SFI1 homolog (sprot)

A protein SFI1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphatase binding

Binding to a phosphatase.


ZN785_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 785 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 785 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ERI2_HUMAN ERI1 exoribonuclease 2 (sprot)

An ERI1 exoribonuclease 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


D11L8_HUMAN Putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX11-like protein 8 (sprot)

A putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX11-like protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of an RNA helix, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process

Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


YDJC_HUMAN Carbohydrate deacetylase (sprot)

A carbohydrate deacetylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


carbohydrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


PP2D1_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 2C-like domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 2C-like domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate.


GBRR3_HUMAN Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 (sprot)

A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GABA-A receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.


extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


chemical synaptic transmission

The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


chloride channel complex

An ion channel complex through which chloride ions pass.


CRTP1_HUMAN Cysteine-rich tail protein 1 (sprot)

A cysteine-rich tail protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


biological process involved in interaction with symbiont

An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term symbiont is used for the smaller (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.


establishment of skin barrier

Establishment of the epithelial barrier, the functional barrier in the skin that limits its permeability.


cornified envelope

A type of plasma membrane that has been modified through addition of distinct intracellular and extracellular components, including ceramide, found in cornifying epithelial cells (corneocytes).


PM2P5_HUMAN Postmeiotic segregation increased 2-like protein 5 (sprot)

A postmeiotic segregation increased 2-like protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN850_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 850 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 850 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NEU1B_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEURL1B (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEURL1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


Notch signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis

Endocytosis of a protein that requires the substrate to be modified by ubiquitination. Several plasma membrane proteins, including cell surface permeases and some receptors, are targeted for internalization by endocytosis, and are thereafter delivered to the vacuole or lysosome, where they are degraded.


actin cytoskeleton

The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.


GOG8B_HUMAN Golgin subfamily A member 8B (sprot)

A golgin subfamily A member 8B that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPIB5_HUMAN Nuclear pore complex-interacting protein family member B5 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the NPIPB5 gene in human.


SYC1L_HUMAN Synaptonemal complex central element protein 1-like (sprot)

A synaptonemal complex central element protein 1-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


intermediate filament cytoskeleton

Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell.


ZN891_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 891 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 891 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CENPX_HUMAN Centromere protein X (sprot)

A stimulated by retinoic acid gene 13 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


double-stranded DNA binding

Binding to double-stranded DNA.


resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates

The cleavage and rejoining of intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, formed during meiotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.


chromosome segregation

The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.


positive regulation of protein ubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.


interstrand cross-link repair

Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA. DNA interstrand crosslinks occur when both strands of duplex DNA are covalently tethered together (e.g. by an exogenous or endogenous agent), thus preventing the strand unwinding necessary for essential DNA functions such as transcription and replication.


kinetochore assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


inner kinetochore

The region of a kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA which contains many CENP proteins organized in various subcomplexes including CENP-C, CENP-LN, CENP-HIKM, CENP-OPQUR and CENP-TWSX, but excluding the CENP-A containing heterochromatin.


FANCM-MHF complex

A protein complex contains the proteins FANCM and MHF, or their orthologs, plays an essential role in DNA remodeling, protects replication forks, and is conserved in eukaryotes.


Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex

A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.


ZBBX_HUMAN Zinc finger B-box domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A zinc finger B-box domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


F166B_HUMAN Protein FAM166B (sprot)

A protein FAM166B that is encoded in the genome of human.


GNAT3_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3 (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


sensory perception of umami taste

The series of events required to receive an umami taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates. This is a neurological process.


FOXI3_HUMAN Forkhead box protein I3 (sprot)

A forkhead box protein I3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hair follicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open.


epidermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


thymus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.


parathyroid gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone.


otic placode development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an otic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


R212B_HUMAN RING finger protein 212B (sprot)

A RING finger protein 212B that is encoded in the genome of human.


HMSD_HUMAN Serpin-like protein HMSD (sprot)


activation of immune response

Any process that initiates an immune response.


NOTO_HUMAN Homeobox protein notochord (sprot)

A homeobox protein notochord that is encoded in the genome of human.


heart looping

The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.


embryonic pattern specification

The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo.


dorsal/ventral pattern formation

The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


notochord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.


motile cilium assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium.


CEBOS_HUMAN Protein CEBPZOS (sprot)

A protein CEBPZOS that is encoded in the genome of human.


YB043_HUMAN Putative uncharacterized protein ENSP00000380674 (sprot)


ZN724_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 724 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the ZNF724 gene in human.


KRA97_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 9-7 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 9-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BBIP1_HUMAN BBSome-interacting protein 1 (sprot)

A BBSome-interacting protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


eating behavior

The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.


BBSome

A ciliary protein complex involved in cilium biogenesis. It consists of at least seven Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins and BBIP10. It moves in association with IFT trains through cilia (likely as an IFT-A/B adaptor or cargo), and is required for the integrity of IFT-A and IFT-B.


SMTL1_HUMAN Smoothelin-like protein 1 (sprot)

A smoothelin-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


calmodulin binding

Binding to calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.


tropomyosin binding

Binding to tropomyosin, a protein associated with actin filaments both in cytoplasm and, in association with troponin, in the thin filament of striated muscle.


protein phosphatase 1 binding

Binding to a protein phosphatase 1.


protein self-association

Binding to a domain within the same polypeptide.


CH domain binding

Binding to a calponin homology protein domain, a domain of 100 residues that occurs in signaling and cytoskeletal proteins.


disordered domain specific binding

Binding to a disordered domain of a protein.


response to xenobiotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


response to activity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.


vasoconstriction

A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels, especially arteries, due to constriction of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually causing an increase in blood pressure.


positive regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.


muscle organ morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized.


M band

The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines.


I band

A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.


contractile fiber

Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.


U17L5_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 5 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LEG16_HUMAN Galectin-16 (sprot)

A galectin-16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


lactose binding

Binding to lactose, a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, the carbohydrate of milk.


positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.


YQ048_HUMAN Putative uncharacterized protein ENSP00000381830 (sprot)


CSKMT_HUMAN Citrate synthase-lysine N-methyltransferase CSKMT, mitochondrial (sprot)

A citrate synthase-lysine N-methyltransferase CSKMT, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


lysine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue in a protein substrate.


protein methylation

The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.


peptidyl-lysine trimethylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine monomethylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine dimethylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.


ZN727_HUMAN Putative zinc finger protein 727 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the ZNF727 gene in human.


KR161_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 16-1 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 16-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Z705G_HUMAN Putative zinc finger protein 705G (sprot)

A putative zinc finger protein 705G that is encoded in the genome of human.


MPTX_HUMAN Putative mucosal pentraxin homolog (sprot)


HIG1C_HUMAN HIG1 domain family member 1C (sprot)

A HIG1 domain family member 1C that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA96_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 9-6 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 9-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HIDE1_HUMAN Protein HIDE1 (sprot)

A protein HIDE1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NCF1C_HUMAN Putative neutrophil cytosol factor 1C (sprot)


F1712_HUMAN Protein FAM171A2 (sprot)

A protein FAM171A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HECA2_HUMAN HEPACAM family member 2 (sprot)

A HEPACAM family member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


centrosome cycle

The cell cycle process in which centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle.


ARG33_HUMAN Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 33 (sprot)

A Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 33 that is encoded in the genome of human.


P20L1_HUMAN PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 (sprot)

A PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


methylation-dependent protein binding

Binding to a protein upon methylation of the target protein.


negative regulation of protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process.


BECN2_HUMAN Beclin-2 (sprot)

A beclin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G protein-coupled receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a G protein-coupled receptor.


MEI4_HUMAN Meiosis-specific protein MEI4 (sprot)

A meiosis-specific protein MEI4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA recombination

Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.


homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis

The meiotic cell cycle process where side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created during meiotic prophase. Homologous chromosome pairing begins when the chromosome arms begin to pair from the clustered telomeres and ends when synaptonemal complex or linear element assembly is complete.


meiotic DNA double-strand break formation

The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination.


oogenesis

The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.


lateral element

A proteinaceous core found between sister chromatids during meiotic prophase.


Z705E_HUMAN Putative zinc finger protein 705EP (sprot)

A putative zinc finger protein 705EP that is encoded in the genome of human.


RUXGL_HUMAN Putative small nuclear ribonucleoprotein G-like protein 15 (sprot)


spliceosomal snRNP assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of one or more snRNA and multiple protein components to form a ribonucleoprotein complex that is involved in formation of the spliceosome.


EFCB8_HUMAN EF-hand calcium-binding domain-containing protein 8 (sprot)

An EF-hand calcium-binding domain-containing protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FS2P1_HUMAN Putative fatty acid desaturase 2-like protein FADS2B (sprot)


SM34A_HUMAN Small integral membrane protein 34 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the SMIM34 gene in human.


WASH4_HUMAN Putative WAS protein family homolog 4 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the WASH4P gene in human.


ELAP2_HUMAN Endosome/lysosome-associated apoptosis and autophagy regulator family member 2 (sprot)

An endosome/lysosome-associated apoptosis and autophagy regulator family member 2 that is a translation product of the ELAPOR2 gene in human.


BMP receptor binding

Binding to a BMP receptor.


positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.


positive regulation of epidermis development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.


negative regulation of nervous system development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.


KR291_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 29-1 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 29-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAN14_HUMAN Calpain-14 (sprot)

A calpain-14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GRCR1_HUMAN Glutaredoxin domain-containing cysteine-rich protein 1 (sprot)

A glutaredoxin domain-containing cysteine-rich protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized inner cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.


vestibular receptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a vestibular receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


inner ear receptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


inner ear receptor cell stereocilium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of inner ear receptor cells.


stereocilium

An actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells and of neuromast cells. These protrusions are supported by a bundle of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma. Bundles of stereocilia act as mechanosensory organelles.


kinocilium

A nonmotile primary cilium that is found at the apical surface of auditory receptor cells. The kinocilium is surrounded by actin-based stereocilia.


B3GT9_HUMAN Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 9 (sprot)

A beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hexosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hexosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


VSTM5_HUMAN V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 (sprot)

A V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ventral spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output.


filopodium assembly

The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.


positive regulation of excitatory synapse assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory synapse assembly.


dendrite

A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.


DB108_HUMAN Putative beta-defensin 108A (sprot)

A putative beta-defensin 108A that is encoded in the genome of human.


NUD19_HUMAN Acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase NUDT19 (sprot)

An acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase NUDT19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CoA pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A or its derivatives + H2O = 3',5'-ADP + 4'-phosphopantetheine.


fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.


coenzyme A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of medium-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


butyryl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA.


succinyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of succinyl-CoA.


propionyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionyl-CoA.


malonyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.


peroxisomal matrix

The volume contained within the membranes of a peroxisome; in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase.


CD15L_HUMAN CMT1A duplicated region transcript 15 protein-like protein (sprot)

A CMT1A duplicated region transcript 15 protein-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZNF99_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 99 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 99 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRA91_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 9-1 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 9-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TMC5B_HUMAN Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 5B (sprot)

A transmembrane and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 5B that is encoded in the genome of human.


ODF3B_HUMAN Outer dense fiber protein 3B (sprot)

An outer dense fiber protein 3B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNU1_HUMAN Potassium channel subfamily U member 1 (sprot)

A potassium channel subfamily U member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


potassium channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


reproductive process

A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.


monoatomic ion channel complex

A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective monoatomic ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.


DCD2C_HUMAN Doublecortin domain-containing protein 2C (sprot)

A doublecortin domain-containing protein 2C that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIY4B_HUMAN Inactive ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase MINDY-4B (sprot)

An inactive ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase MINDY-4B that is encoded in the genome of human.


FOXO6_HUMAN Forkhead box protein O6 (sprot)

A forkhead box protein O6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of dendritic spine development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


EFCB9_HUMAN EF-hand calcium-binding domain-containing protein 9 (sprot)

An EF-hand calcium-binding domain-containing protein 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium ion sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of calcium ions (Ca2+).


sperm capacitation

A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium.


CatSper complex

A sperm-specific voltage-gated calcium channel that controls the intracellular calcium ion concentration and, thereby, the swimming behavior of sperm. Consists of a heteromeric tetramer surrounding a calcium ion- selective pore. May also contain additional auxiliary subunits.


EVPLL_HUMAN Envoplakin-like protein (sprot)

An envoplakin-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.


LEUTX_HUMAN Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor LEUTX (sprot)

A paired-like homeodomain transcription factor LEUTX that is encoded in the genome of human.


CB074_HUMAN Uncharacterized protein C2orf74 (sprot)

An uncharacterized protein C2orf74 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OOSP1_HUMAN Putative oocyte-secreted protein 1 homolog (sprot)


CO6A5_HUMAN Collagen alpha-5(VI) chain (sprot)

A collagen alpha-5(VI) chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


IMA8_HUMAN Importin subunit alpha-8 (sprot)

An importin subunit alpha-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


blastocyst development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm.


protein import into nucleus

The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


negative regulation of gene expression

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA).


epigenetic regulation of gene expression

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or cytosine methylation of DNA. Once established, this regulation may be maintained over many cell divisions. It can also be heritable in the absence of the instigating signal.


female germ cell nucleus

The nucleus of the female germ cell, a reproductive cell in females.


NLS-dependent protein nuclear import complex

A dimer consisting of an alpha and a beta-subunit that imports proteins with an NLS into the nucleus through a nuclear pore.


MI4GD_HUMAN MIF4G domain-containing protein (sprot)

A MIF4G domain-containing protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


cap-dependent translational initiation

The process where the cap structure, composed of a 7- methylguanosine (m7G) group and associated cap-binding proteins, located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule, which serves as a molecular tag that marks the spot where the 40S ribosomal subunit, is recruited and will then scan in a 5' to 3' direction until an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA translation.


positive regulation of translation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.


histone mRNA stem-loop binding complex

A protein-containing complex composed of a stem-loop binding protein (in most species SLBP) and its interacting partner (SLIP1 or MIF4GD in most species) that binds to the histone mRNA (hmRNA) 3-prime-stem-loop structure. Facilitates hmRNA translation initiation and may also be involved in its processing and nuclear export.


AHRR_HUMAN Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (sprot)

An aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor that is encoded in the genome of human.


intracellular receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a receptor located within a cell.


UPK3L_HUMAN Uroplakin-3b-like protein 1 (sprot)

A uroplakin-3b-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MYO1G_HUMAN Unconventional myosin-Ig (sprot)

A myosin-Ig that is encoded in the genome of human.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3', 4' and 5' positions.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.


T cell mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell.


cell-substrate adhesion

The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.


cell gliding

Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell along a solid surface.


T cell migration

The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


T cell meandering migration

The random-like motility observed for T cells in lymph nodes which enhances surveillance of antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APCs).


leading edge membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.


myosin complex

A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.


DEAR_HUMAN Dual endothelin-1/angiotensin II receptor (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the FBXW7-AS1 gene in human.


endothelin receptor activity

Combining with endothelin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


vascular endothelial growth factor binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor.


vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


endothelin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by endothelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


HACD1_HUMAN Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 1 (sprot)

A very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxy-fatty acyl-CoA = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O. The stereospecifity of the hydroxyacyl in this reaction is not specified.


ESPN_HUMAN Espin (sprot)

An espin that is encoded in the genome of human.


SH3 domain binding

Binding to a SH3 domain (Src homology 3) of a protein, small protein modules containing approximately 50 amino acid residues found in a great variety of intracellular or membrane-associated proteins.


microvillar actin bundle assembly

Assembly of the parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus.


brush border

The dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of an epithelial cell in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell.


stereocilium tip

A distinct compartment at the tip of a stereocilium, distal to the site of attachment to the apical cell surface. It consists of a dense matrix bridging the barbed ends of the stereocilium actin filaments with the overlying plasma membrane, is dynamic compared to the shaft, and is required for stereocilium elongation.


filamentous actin

A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin.


ISM1_HUMAN Isthmin-1 (sprot)

An isthmin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NALF1_HUMAN NALCN channel auxiliary factor 1 (sprot)

A NALCN channel auxiliary factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN487_HUMAN Putative zinc finger protein 487 (sprot)

A putative zinc finger protein 487 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRR32_HUMAN Proline-rich protein 32 (sprot)

A proline-rich protein 32 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KILIN_HUMAN Killin (sprot)

A killin that is encoded in the genome of human.


MR1L2_HUMAN MORF4 family associated protein 1 like 2 (sprot)


R10B2_HUMAN Radial spoke head 10 homolog B2 (sprot)

A radial spoke head 10 homolog B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


9+2 motile cilium

A motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets plus two central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+2 axoneme).


CENP1_HUMAN Putative CENPB DNA-binding domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A putative CENPB DNA-binding domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O11HC_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 11H12 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 11H12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


C1T9B_HUMAN Complement C1q and tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9B (sprot)

A complement C1q and tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9B that is encoded in the genome of human.


HGB1A_HUMAN Putative high mobility group protein B1-like 1 (sprot)


MYO9A_HUMAN Unconventional myosin-IXa (sprot)

A myosin-IXa that is encoded in the genome of human.


cell junction assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction.


establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


regulation of neuron projection arborization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches.


unconventional myosin complex

A portmanteau term for myosins other than myosin II.


VWC2L_HUMAN von Willebrand factor C domain-containing protein 2-like (sprot)

A von Willebrand factor C domain-containing protein 2-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


SMIM1_HUMAN Small integral membrane protein 1 (sprot)

A small integral membrane protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CF97D_HUMAN Sperm axonemal maintenance protein CFAP97D1 (sprot)

A sperm axonemal maintenance protein CFAP97D1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


T229A_HUMAN Transmembrane protein 229A (sprot)

A transmembrane protein 229A that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZBT42_HUMAN Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 42 (sprot)

A zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 42 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDM4E_HUMAN Lysine-specific demethylase 4E (sprot)

A lysine-specific demethylase 4E that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H3K9me2/H3K9me3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


BTBDI_HUMAN BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 18 (sprot)

A BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


retrotransposon silencing

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of retrotransposition. Retrotransposons are a subset of transposable elements that use an RNA intermediate and reverse transcribe themselves into the genome.


male meiosis I

A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline.


piRNA transcription

The cellular synthesis of Piwi-interacting RNA piRNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


HNRC2_HUMAN Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C-like 2 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the HNRNPCL2 gene in human.


ribonucleoprotein complex

A macromolecular complex that contains both RNA and protein molecules.


positive regulation of macroautophagy

Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation.


negative regulation of TOR signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.


FM25C_HUMAN Protein FAM25C (sprot)

A protein FAM25C that is encoded in the genome of human.


PATE3_HUMAN Prostate and testis expressed protein 3 (sprot)

A prostate and testis expressed protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IQIP1_HUMAN IQCJ-SCHIP1 readthrough transcript protein (sprot)

An IQCJ-SCHIP1 readthrough transcript protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.


axon initial segment

Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.


TM114_HUMAN Transmembrane protein 114 (sprot)

A transmembrane protein 114 that is encoded in the genome of human.


apicolateral plasma membrane

The apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells.


NBPFP_HUMAN Neuroblastoma breakpoint family member 26 (sprot)


TM233_HUMAN Transmembrane protein 233 (sprot)

A transmembrane protein 233 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SHSA9_HUMAN Protein shisa-9 (sprot)

A protein shisa-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PDZ domain binding

Binding to a PDZ domain of a protein, a domain found in diverse signaling proteins.


regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.


dendritic spine membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendritic spine.


ionotropic glutamate receptor complex

A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.


ZN879_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 879 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 879 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN736_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 736 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 736 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN732_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 732 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 732 that is encoded in the genome of human.


S31C2_HUMAN Putative spermatogenesis-associated protein 31C2 (sprot)


GGTL3_HUMAN Putative glutathione hydrolase light chain 3 (sprot)


glutathione hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + L-glutamate.


glutathione catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.


EIFCL_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit C-like protein (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit C-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


formation of cytoplasmic translation initiation complex

Joining of the large ribosomal subunit with the translation preinitiation complex, with release of IF2/eIF2 and IF3/eIF3 or IF5B/eIF5B. This leaves the functional ribosome at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.


eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex

A protein complex composed of the 40S ribosomal subunit plus eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and eIF2-GTP-bound methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA.


eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex

The protein-ribosome-tRNA complex that has just recognized the start codon of a capped mRNA. It is composed of the small ribosomal subunit, eukaryote initiation factors (eIF) eIF3 complex, eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2-GDP, eIF4 complex and initiatior-methionine-tRNA. Recognition of the start codon triggers downstream steps in the pathway, including eIF1 dissociation; Pi release from eIF2; and conversion to the closed, scanning-arrested conformation of the PIC.


TARM1_HUMAN T-cell-interacting, activating receptor on myeloid cells protein 1 (sprot)

A T-cell-interacting, activating receptor on myeloid cells protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


immunoglobulin receptor binding

Binding to one or more specific sites on an immunoglobulin receptor molecule.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


specific granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a specific granule, a granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.


tertiary granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a tertiary granule.


ERVV1_HUMAN Endogenous retrovirus group V member 1 Env polyprotein (sprot)

An endogenous retrovirus group V member 1 Env polyprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


ERVV2_HUMAN Endogenous retrovirus group V member 2 Env polyprotein (sprot)

An endogenous retrovirus group V member 2 Env polyprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCJ18_HUMAN Inward rectifier potassium channel 18 (sprot)

An inward rectifier potassium channel 18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force. The inward-rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a specific ligand or ligands, and as a result the macroscopic conductance depends on the difference between membrane voltage and the K+ equilibrium potential rather than on membrane voltage itself.


ZN814_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 814 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 814 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRDC_HUMAN T cell receptor delta constant (sprot)

A T cell receptor delta constant that is encoded in the genome of human.


gamma-delta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


gamma-delta T cell receptor complex

A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises gamma and delta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes antigen directly, without a requirement for processing and presentation by an MHC protein.


GPHRA_HUMAN Golgi pH regulator A (sprot)

A Golgi pH regulator A that is encoded in the genome of human.


voltage-gated monoatomic anion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a voltage-gated channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.


intracellular pH reduction

Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


monoatomic anion transmembrane transport

The process in which a monoatomic anion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are negatively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


Golgi-associated vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus.


Golgi cisterna membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.


PP13G_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycogen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.


glucose homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.


positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.


KIF28_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF28P (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the KIF28P gene in human.


mitochondrion organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.


organelle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.


IGLL5_HUMAN Immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 5 (sprot)

An immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TBC3L_HUMAN TBC1 domain family member 3L (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the TBC1D3L gene in human.


T150C_HUMAN Transmembrane protein 150C (sprot)

A transmembrane protein 150C that is encoded in the genome of human.


mechanosensitive monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.


proprioception

The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.


cellular response to mechanical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.


MP31_HUMAN PTEN upstream open reading frame MP31 (sprot)


lactate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lactate to other compounds, such as pyruvate, with concomitant loss of electrons.


HAS3P_HUMAN HOXB-AS3 peptide (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the HOXB-AS3 gene in human.


negative regulation of pre-miRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.


RBRP_HUMAN Putative RNA-binding regulatory peptide (sprot)


mRNA stabilization

Prevention of degradation of mRNA molecules. In the absence of compensating changes in other processes, the slowing of mRNA degradation can result in an overall increase in the population of active mRNA molecules.


positive regulation of mRNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.


WASH3_HUMAN Putative WAS protein family homolog 3 (sprot)

A putative WAS protein family homolog 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein targeting to lysosome

The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein.


endosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.


AJM1_HUMAN Apical junction component 1 homolog (sprot)

An apical junction component 1 homolog that is encoded in the genome of human.


TR49D_HUMAN Tripartite motif-containing protein 49D (sprot)

A tripartite motif-containing protein 49D that is encoded in the genome of human.


U17LF_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 15 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the USP17L15 gene in human.


TEX22_HUMAN Testis-expressed protein 22 (sprot)

A testis-expressed protein 22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RAS4B_HUMAN Ras GTPase-activating protein 4B (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the RASA4B gene in human.


negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.


cellular response to calcium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.


UMAD1_HUMAN UBAP1-MVB12-associated (UMA)-domain containing protein 1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the UMAD1 gene in human.


C9JA33_HUMAN PALM2 and AKAP2 fusion (trembl)


KRBX1_HUMAN KRAB domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A KRAB domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HSBPL_HUMAN Heat shock factor-binding protein 1-like protein 1 (sprot)

A heat shock factor-binding protein 1-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


transcription corepressor activity

A transcription coregulator activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.


tight junction

A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


PATL2_HUMAN Protein PAT1 homolog 2 (sprot)

A protein PAT1 homolog 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPIB4_HUMAN Nuclear pore complex-interacting protein family member B4 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the NPIPB4 gene in human.


PRRT4_HUMAN Proline-rich transmembrane protein 4 (sprot)

A proline-rich transmembrane protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TM238_HUMAN Transmembrane protein 238 (sprot)

A transmembrane protein 238 that is encoded in the genome of human.


U17LA_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 10 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the USP17L10 gene in human.


HHLA1_HUMAN HERV-H LTR-associating protein 1 (sprot)

A HERV-H LTR-associating protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


U17LD_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 13 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the USP17L13 gene in human.


ZFTA_HUMAN Zinc finger translocation-associated protein (sprot)

A zinc finger translocation-associated protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


MCRI1_HUMAN Mapk-regulated corepressor-interacting protein 1 (sprot)

A Mapk-regulated corepressor-interacting protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


cytoplasmic stress granule

A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.


ZN878_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 878 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 878 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UL17C_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 12 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the USP17L12 gene in human.


TM232_HUMAN Transmembrane protein 232 (sprot)

A transmembrane protein 232 that is encoded in the genome of human.


maintenance of protein complex location

Any process in which a protein complex is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of protein complexes that move away.


outer dense fiber

A supramolecular fiber found in the flagella of mammalian sperm that surrounds the nine microtubule doublets. These dense fibers are stiff and noncontractile. In human, they consist of about 10 major and at least 15 minor proteins, where all major proteins are ODF1, ODF2 or ODF2-related proteins.


KBTBD_HUMAN Kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing protein 13 (sprot)

A kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing protein 13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the force of skeletal muscle contraction. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through the formation of cross bridges.


relaxation of skeletal muscle

A process in which the extent of skeletal muscle tissue contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation involves the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases.


AK1BF_HUMAN Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B15 (sprot)

An aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17-beta + NAD(P)+ = estrone + NAD(P)H + H+. The activity can use NAD+ or NADP+ as the acceptor.


testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + testosterone = NADPH + H+ + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.


allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allyl alcohol + NADP+ = acrolein + H+ + NADPH.


farnesol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesol + NADP+ = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesal + H+ + NADPH.


NADP-retinol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol + NADP+ = all-trans-retinal + NADPH + H+.


estrogen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


retinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.


MEIOS_HUMAN Meiosis initiator protein (sprot)

A meiosis initiator protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to retinoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.


activation of meiosis

Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis.


ADM5_HUMAN Putative adrenomedullin-5-like protein (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the ADM5 gene in human.


U17LB_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 11 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the USP17L11 gene in human.


INAM1_HUMAN Putative transmembrane protein INAFM1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the INAFM1 gene in human.


FREY_HUMAN Protein Frey 1 (sprot)

A protein Frey that is encoded in the genome of human.


maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum

Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum.


SIM47_HUMAN Small integral membrane protein 47 (sprot)


PRAC2_HUMAN Putative protein PRAC2 (sprot)


KLRF2_HUMAN Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily F member 2 (sprot)

A killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily F member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


natural killer cell degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.


U17LL_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 21 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the USP17L21 gene in human.


U17LI_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 18 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the USP17L18 gene in human.


U17LM_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 22 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the USP17L22 gene in human.


U17LN_HUMAN Putative ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 23 (sprot)


U17LH_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 17 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the USP17L17 gene in human.


U17LJ_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 19 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the USP17L19 gene in human.


CFA99_HUMAN Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 99 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the CFAP99 gene in human.


MCIN_HUMAN Multicilin (sprot)

A multicilin that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication; the process in which DNA becomes competent to replicate. In eukaryotes, replication competence is established in early G1 and lost during the ensuing S phase.


centriole assembly

A cellular process that results in the assembly of one or more centrioles.


multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a multi-ciliated epithelial cell.


nuclear body

Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.


U17LK_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 17-like protein 20 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the USP17L20 gene in human.


STMP1_HUMAN Short transmembrane mitochondrial protein 1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the STMP1 gene in human.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex (also known as ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


mitochondrial respirasome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of respiratory enzyme complexes of the mitochondrial inner membrane (including, for example, complex II, complex III, complex IV) to form a large supercomplex.


positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly.


mitochondrial intermembrane space

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope.


MUC22_HUMAN Mucin-22 (sprot)

A mucin-22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PBMU2_HUMAN Protein PBMUCL2 (sprot)

A protein PBMUCL2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRS46_HUMAN Putative serine protease 46 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the PRSS46P gene in human.


NPB11_HUMAN Nuclear pore complex-interacting protein family member B11 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the NPIPB11 gene in human.


UPKL2_HUMAN Uroplakin-3b-like protein 2 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the UPK3BL2 gene in human.


FONG_HUMAN Formiminotransferase N-terminal subdomain-containing protein (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the FTCDNL1 gene in human.


transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.


RN223_HUMAN RING finger protein 223 (sprot)

A RING finger protein 223 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Z587B_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 587B (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 587B that is encoded in the genome of human.


PROB1_HUMAN Proline-rich basic protein 1 (sprot)

A proline-rich basic protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NACAM_HUMAN Nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha, muscle-specific form (sprot)

A nascent polypeptide-associated complex subunit alpha, muscle-specific form (human), isoforms h1 and h2.


nascent polypeptide-associated complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes, and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome.


P23D1_HUMAN Proline-rich protein 23D1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the PRR23D1 gene in human.


NPIA7_HUMAN Nuclear pore complex-interacting protein family member A7 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the NPIPA7 gene in human.


E9PQ42_HUMAN TRAF-type domain-containing protein (Fragment) (trembl)


NDUCR_HUMAN NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2, isoform 2 (sprot)

A chimeric protein that is a readthrough translation product of the human NDUFC2 and KCTD14 genes.


mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone

The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation.


TM262_HUMAN Cation channel sperm-associated auxiliary subunit TMEM262 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the TMEM262 gene in human.


FND10_HUMAN Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 10 (sprot)

A fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SO1BT_HUMAN SLCO1B3-SLCO1B7 readthrough transcript protein (sprot)


smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


CC080_HUMAN Uncharacterized membrane protein C3orf80 (sprot)

An uncharacterized membrane protein C3orf80 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RFAL1_HUMAN Ret finger protein-like 4A-like protein 1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the RFPL4AL1 gene in human.


NPB12_HUMAN Nuclear pore complex-interacting protein family member B12 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the NPIPB12 gene in human.


INSR2_HUMAN Insulin, isoform 2 (sprot)

A chimeric protein that is a readthrough translation product of the human INS and IGF2 genes.


SUMO5_HUMAN Small ubiquitin-related modifier 5 (sprot)


transcription factor binding

Binding to a transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.


protein sumoylation

The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxy-terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.


PML body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia).


SO1B7_HUMAN Putative solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B7 (sprot)


KR416_HUMAN Putative keratin-associated protein 4-16 (sprot)


CNIPF_HUMAN CNK3/IPCEF1 fusion protein (sprot)


positive regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


FA72C_HUMAN Protein FAM72C (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the FAM72C gene in human.


TM250_HUMAN Transmembrane protein 250 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the TMEM250 gene in human.


positive regulation of viral process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.


CC084_HUMAN Uncharacterized protein C3orf84 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the C3orf84 gene in human.


LY6L_HUMAN Lymphocyte antigen 6L (sprot)

A lymphocyte antigen 6L that is encoded in the genome of human.


side of membrane

A cellular component consisting of one leaflet of a membrane bilayer and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


SMLR1_HUMAN Small leucine-rich protein 1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the SMLR1 gene in human.


PIRC2_HUMAN Piercer of microtubule wall 2 protein (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the PIERCE2 gene in human.


CC179_HUMAN Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 179 (sprot)

A coiled-coil domain-containing protein 179 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TGR3L_HUMAN Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 3-like protein (sprot)

A transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 3-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLD34_HUMAN Claudin-34 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the CLDN34 gene in human.


CC188_HUMAN Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 188 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the CCDC188 gene in human.


PANO1_HUMAN Proapoptotic nucleolar protein 1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the PANO1 gene in human.


regulation of protein stability

Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.


TRI77_HUMAN Tripartite motif-containing protein 77 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the TRIM77 gene in human.


GFY_HUMAN Golgi-associated olfactory signaling regulator (sprot)

A Golgi-associated olfactory signaling regulator that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein localization to non-motile cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.


non-motile cilium assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-motile cilium.


CCER2_HUMAN Coiled-coil domain-containing glutamate-rich protein 2 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the CCER2 gene in human.


SIM22_HUMAN Small integral membrane protein 22 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the SMIM22 gene in human.


regulation of cell population proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.


IFNL4_HUMAN Interferon lambda-4 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the IFNL4 gene in human.


cytokine activity

The activity of a soluble extracellular gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.


tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by type III interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


positive regulation of immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.


ASURF_HUMAN ASNSD1 upstream open reading frame protein (sprot)


RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex

A protein complex first characterized in human and comprised of a R2TP module (R2TP complex), a prefoldin-like module (containing both prefoldin-like proteins and canonical prefoldins), WD40 repeat protein Monad/WDR92 and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit RPB5. This complex might have chaperone activity.


RN225_HUMAN RING finger protein 225 (sprot)

A RING finger protein 225 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DCDC1_HUMAN Doublecortin domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A doublecortin domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of mitotic cytokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.


SUPYN_HUMAN Suppressyn (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the ERVH48-1 gene in human.


syncytium formation

The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division.


OVOL3_HUMAN Putative transcription factor ovo-like protein 3 (sprot)

A putative transcription factor ovo-like protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A deoxyribonuclease-2-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA metabolic process

Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.


enucleate erythrocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


lysosome

A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.


ADAS_HUMAN Alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase, peroxisomal (sprot)

An alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase, peroxisomal that is encoded in the genome of human.


lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.