Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphooligosaccharide + protein L-asparagine = dolichyl diphosphate + a glycoprotein with the oligosaccharide chain attached by glycosylamine linkage to protein L-asparagine.


oligosaccharyltransferase complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex that is found in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of eukaryotes and transfers lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor to asparagine residues on nascent proteins. In yeast, the complex includes at least nine different subunits, whereas in mammalian cells at least three different forms of the complex have been detected.


RPN2_HUMAN Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 2 (sprot)

A dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GNAI2_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of urine volume

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that increases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


H2A1B_HUMAN Histone H2A type 1-B/E (sprot)

A histone H2A type 1-B/E that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, CENP-A containing chromatin.


CENP-A containing nucleosome

A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).


B3A2_HUMAN Anion exchange protein 2 (sprot)

An anion exchange protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of enamel mineralization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


amelogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage.


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


GLPC_HUMAN Glycophorin-C (sprot)

A glycophorin-C that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNW1_HUMAN Interferon omega-1 (sprot)

An interferon omega-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNA6_HUMAN Interferon alpha-6 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNA4_HUMAN Interferon alpha-4 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFN16_HUMAN Interferon alpha-16 (sprot)

An interferon alpha-16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IGF1_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor I (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor I that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).


muscle hypertrophy

The muscle system process that results in enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development (it stops in cardiac muscle after adolescence) and can also be brought on in response to demand. In athletes cardiac and skeletal muscles undergo hypertrophy stimulated by increasing muscle activity on exercise. Smooth muscle cells in the uterus undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.


myotube cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

The deposition of hydroxyapatite, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.


negative regulation of oocyte development

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.


negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


positive regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.


exocytic vesicle

A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.


insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex

A complex of proteins which includes the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and a number of IGF-binding proteins. The complex plays a role in growth and development.


A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). IGF1R is a heterotetramer that consists of two alpha-subunits and two beta-subunits.


insulin-like growth factor ternary complex

A complex of three proteins, which in animals is approximately 150kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), or -5 (IGFBP-5) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). The complex plays a role in growth and development.


AT1A1_HUMAN Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 (sprot)

A sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in).


intracellular potassium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of potassium ions within a cell.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.


negative regulation of heart contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.


positive regulation of heart contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.


positive regulation of striated muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.


membrane repolarization

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels and contributes to the process of cardiac conduction.


response to glycoside

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoside stimulus.


photoreceptor inner segment membrane

The membrane surrounding the inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor. The photoreceptor inner segment contains mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.


AT1B1_HUMAN Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 (sprot)

A sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.


protein transport into plasma membrane raft

The directed movement of a protein into a plasma membrane raft.


positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium:sodium antiporter activity.


positive regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import across the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


SCG1_HUMAN Secretogranin-1 (sprot)

A secretogranin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ALDOB_HUMAN Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (sprot)

A fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B that is encoded in the genome of human.


fructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde.


NADH oxidation

A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD+.


fructose catabolic process to hydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that results in the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across the vacuolar membrane.


A4_HUMAN Amyloid-beta precursor protein (sprot)

An amyloid-beta precursor protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity.


PTB domain binding

Binding to a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) Binding to a phosphotyrosine-bindin domain.


astrocyte activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.


mating behavior

The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.


axo-dendritic transport

The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in neuron projections.


axon midline choice point recognition

The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline.


regulation of synapse structure or activity

Any process that modulates the physical form or the activity of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).


smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.


modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). EPSP is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous synaptic transmission.


cytoplasmic polyadenylation

Any process by which dormant, translationally inactive mRNAs become activated via the elongation of their poly(A) tails in the cytosol.


regulation of NMDA receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity.


ARGI1_HUMAN Arginase-1 (sprot)

An arginase-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.


APOD_HUMAN Apolipoprotein D (sprot)

An apolipoprotein D that is encoded in the genome of human.


peripheral nervous system axon regeneration

The regrowth of axons outside the central nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) following an axonal injury.


negative regulation of protein import into nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


negative regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of lipoprotein lipid oxidation. Lipoprotein lipid oxidation is the modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.


negative regulation of T cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.


ALDH2_HUMAN Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (sprot)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = phenylacetate + NADH + H+.


nitroglycerin reductase activity

Catalysis of the removal of one or more nitrite (NO2-) groups from nitroglycerin or a derivative.


alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


aldehyde catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.


regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.


regulation of serotonin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serotonin biosynthetic process.


CP17A_HUMAN Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 17A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


steroid 17-alpha-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + AH2 + O2 = a 17a-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone = acetaldehyde + 4-androstene-3,17-dione.


glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.


ITB3_HUMAN Integrin beta-3 (sprot)

An integrin beta-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


C-X3-C chemokine binding

Binding to a C-X3-C chemokine; C-X3-C chemokines have three amino acids between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.


insulin-like growth factor I binding

Binding to insulin-like growth factor I.


neuregulin binding

Binding to a neuregulin, a member of the EGF family of growth factors.


cell-substrate junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between a cell and its substrate.


negative regulation of lipid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.


negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


regulation of serotonin uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin into a cell.


angiogenesis involved in wound healing

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.


regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of trophoblast cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.


cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.


glycinergic synapse

A synapse that uses glycine as a neurotransmitter.


integrin complex

A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.


integrin alphav-beta3 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta3 subunit.


alphav-beta3 integrin-PKCalpha complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to protein kinase C alpha.


alphav-beta3 integrin-HMGB1 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to high mobility group box 1 protein.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM8 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM8.


ITB2_HUMAN Integrin beta-2 (sprot)

An integrin beta-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


complement component C3b binding

Binding to a C3b product of the complement cascade.


ICAM-3 receptor activity

Combining with ICAM-3, intercellular adhesion molecule 3, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. ICAM-3, or CD50, are constitutively expressed on monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes; on physiological stimulation, they become transiently phosphorylated on serine residues.


leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of neutrophil degranulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.


negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.


cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.


integrin alphaL-beta2 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaL subunit and one beta2 subunit.


integrin alphaM-beta2 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaM subunit and one beta2 subunit.


integrin alphaX-beta2 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaX subunit and one beta2 subunit.


CP11A_HUMAN Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 11A1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = pregnenolone + 4-methylpentanal + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O.


C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.


S10A8_HUMAN Protein S100-A8 (sprot)

A protein S100-A8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Toll-like receptor 4 binding

Binding to a Toll-like 4 protein, a pattern recognition receptor that binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.


positive regulation of peptide secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.


peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation

The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine.


sequestering of zinc ion

The process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


autocrine signaling

Signaling between cells of the same type. The signal produced by the signaling cell binds to a receptor on, and affects a cell of the same type.


neutrophil aggregation

The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.


INHA_HUMAN Inhibin alpha chain (sprot)

An inhibin alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


inhibin binding

Binding to an inhibin monomer, any of the polypeptides that combine to form activin and inhibin dimers.


negative regulation of phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.


positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


negative regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


inhibin-betaglycan-ActRII complex

A protein complex that consists of inhibin, type III transforming growth factor beta receptor (also known as betaglycan), and the type II activin receptor ActRII. The complex is thought to negatively regulate the activity of activin B.


inhibin A complex

Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.


inhibin B complex

Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.


IL4_HUMAN Interleukin-4 (sprot)

An interleukin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


interleukin-4 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-4 receptor.


negative regulation of epithelial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-4 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of isotype switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.


positive regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.


positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.


negative regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production.


positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process.


IL5_HUMAN Interleukin-5 (sprot)

An interleukin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


HMGN1_HUMAN Non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-14 (sprot)

A non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PAI2_HUMAN Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (sprot)

A plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PAI1_HUMAN Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (sprot)

A plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.


dentinogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of dentin, the mineralized tissue that constitutes the major bulk of teeth. Dentin may be one of three types: primary dentin, secondary dentin, and tertiary dentin.


KPCG_HUMAN Protein kinase C gamma type (sprot)

A protein kinase C gamma type that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity

Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


chemosensory behavior

Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.


regulation of response to food

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.


positive regulation of mismatch repair

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.


response to morphine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.


negative regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process.


response to psychosocial stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to aversive or demanding psychological and social conditions that tax or exceed the behavioral resources of the organism.


ADT2_HUMAN ADP/ATP translocase 2 (sprot)

An ADP/ATP translocase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(out) + ADP(in) = ATP(in) + ADP(out).


adenine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of adenine, 6-aminopurine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Enables the transfer of protons from mitochondrial intermembrane space into mitochondrial matrix, dissipating the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane established by the electron transport chain during the oxidative phosphorylation (proton leak). Proton leak uncouples the processes of electron transport/proton generation and ATP synthesis.


adenine transport

The directed movement of adenine, 6-aminopurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.


adenine nucleotide transport

The directed movement of adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and/or AMP, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mitochondrial ADP transmembrane transport

The process in which ADP is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


mitochondrial ATP transmembrane transport

The process in which ATP is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex

A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. The pore complex is formed of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin-D (CyP-D).


IPSP_HUMAN Plasma serine protease inhibitor (sprot)

A plasma serine protease inhibitor that is encoded in the genome of human.


acrosin binding

Binding to acrosin, a protein that is found in the acrosomes of sperm and possesses protease and carbohydrate binding activities.


negative regulation of hydrolase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.


seminal vesicle development

The progression of the seminal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The seminal vesicle is a gland that contributes to the production of semen.


platelet dense tubular network

A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin.


protein C inhibitor-TMPRSS7 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and transmembrane protease serine 7 (TMPRSS7); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of transmembrane protease serine 7.


protein C inhibitor-TMPRSS11E complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and transmembrane protease serine 11E (TMPRSS11E); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of transmembrane protease serine 11E.


protein C inhibitor-PLAT complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator.


protein C inhibitor-PLAU complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of urokinase-type plasminogen activator.


protein C inhibitor-thrombin complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and thrombin (F2); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of thrombin.


protein C inhibitor-KLK3 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and prostate-specific antigen (KLK3); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of prostate-specific antigen.


protein C inhibitor-plasma kallikrein complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and plasma kallikrein (KLK1B); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of plasma kallikrein.


protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor V complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and coagulation factor V (F5); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of coagulation factor V.


protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor Xa complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and coagulation factor Xa (F10); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of coagulation factor Xa.


protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor XI complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and coagulation factor XI (F11); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of coagulation factor XI.


IC1_HUMAN Plasma protease C1 inhibitor (sprot)

A plasma protease C1 inhibitor that is encoded in the genome of human.


CFAI_HUMAN Complement factor I (sprot)

A complement factor I that is encoded in the genome of human.


F13B_HUMAN Coagulation factor XIII B chain (sprot)

A coagulation factor XIII B chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


ISG15_HUMAN Ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 (sprot)

A ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein tag activity

A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.


positive regulation of protein oligomerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.


regulation of type II interferon production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.


LEG2_HUMAN Galectin-2 (sprot)

A galectin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


galectin complex

A homodimeric protein complex that is capable of binding a range of carbohydrates and is involved in anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic processes.


PERM_HUMAN Myeloperoxidase (sprot)

A myeloperoxidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to yeast

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species.


hypochlorous acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypochlorous acid.


PCCA_HUMAN Propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain, mitochondrial (sprot)

A propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA.


branched-chain amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


short-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


catalytic complex

A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity.


PCCB_HUMAN Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial (sprot)

A propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP1A2_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 1A2 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 1A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced flavin or flavoprotein and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


caffeine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: caffeine + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid + H2O.


steroid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


toxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


monoterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.


dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern.


monocarboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-).


aflatoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.


heterocycle metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).


oxidative demethylation

The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.


CP2E1_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2E1 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2E1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


4-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrophenol + H+ + NADH + O2 = 4-nitrocatechol + H2O + NAD+.


carbon tetrachloride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants.


benzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation.


4-nitrophenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.


halogenated hydrocarbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.


PPBT_HUMAN Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme (sprot)

An alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme that is encoded in the genome of human.


inorganic diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + H2O = H+ + 2 phosphate.


pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond (diphosphate bond) between two phosphate groups.


pyridoxal phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O = pyridoxal + phosphate.


phosphoamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-phosphocreatine + H2O = creatine + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = ethanolamine + phosphate.


developmental process involved in reproduction

A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring.


cellular homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.


response to vitamin B6

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B6 stimulus. Vitamin B6 encompasses pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


pyridoxal phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


cementum mineralization

The process in which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited into the initial acellular cementum.


futile creatine cycle

The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of creatine in a futile cycle, which dissipates the high energy charge of phosphocreatine as heat without performing any mechanical or chemical work. The futile creatine cycle takes place in thermogenic fat cells and is part of adaptive thermogenesis.


PPB1_HUMAN Alkaline phosphatase, placental type (sprot)

An alkaline phosphatase, placental type that is encoded in the genome of human.


IF2A_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of translational initiation in response to stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.


PERK-mediated unfolded protein response

The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor PERK (PKR-like ER kinase). Begins with activation of PERK in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The main substrate of PERK is the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. Serine-phosphorylation of eIF2alpha by PERK inactivates eIF2alpha and inhibits general protein translation. In addition, eIF2alpha phosphorylation preferentially increases the translation of selective mRNAs such as ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which up regulates a subset of UPR genes required to restore folding capacity.


regulation of translational initiation in response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


response to kainic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a kainic acid stimulus.


response to manganese-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by a manganese stimulus.


positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.


glial limiting end-foot

Terminal process of astrocyte that extends to the surface of the central nervous system. Together, glial limiting end-feet form the glial limiting membrane or glia limitans.


polysome

A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of ribosomes held together by messenger RNA. They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex

Complex of three heterogeneous polypeptide chains, that form a ternary complex with initiator methionyl-tRNA and GTP. This ternary complex binds to free 40S subunit, which subsequently binds the 5' end of mRNA.


translation initiation ternary complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).


HMGN2_HUMAN Non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-17 (sprot)

A non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FGF1_HUMAN Fibroblast growth factor 1 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.


branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching

The growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.


mesonephric epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


IL6_HUMAN Interleukin-6 (sprot)

An interleukin-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of primary miRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary microRNA processing.


interleukin-6 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-6 receptor.


neutrophil apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a neutrophil, any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.


hepatic immune response

An immune response taking place in the liver.


positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.


regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.


response to peptidoglycan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.


positive regulation of interleukin-21 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production.


negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


positive regulation of B cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.


T follicular helper cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature T follicular helper cell.


regulation of astrocyte activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.


glucagon secretion

The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans).


regulation of neuroinflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.


regulation of microglial cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.


negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.


interleukin-6 receptor complex

A hexameric protein complex consisting of two molecules each of interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain, and gp-130.


EDN1_HUMAN Endothelin-1 (sprot)

An endothelin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


endothelin A receptor binding

Binding to an endothelin A receptor.


endothelin B receptor binding

Binding to an endothelin B receptor.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin

The process in which endothelin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. Endothelin is a hormone that is released by the endothelium, and it is a vasoconstrictor.


cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.


protein kinase A signaling

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


regulation of glucose transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport across a membrane. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


neural crest cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a neural crest cell.


artery smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the artery. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The artery is a vessel carrying blood away from the heart.


vein smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the vein. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The vein is a vessel carrying blood away from the capillary beds.


peptide hormone secretion

The regulated release of a peptide hormone from a cell.


nitric oxide transport

The directed movement of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phospholipase D-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of phosphatidic acid (PA).


response to prostaglandin F

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.


positive regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that increases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


protein kinase C deactivation

Any process resulting in the inhibition or termination of the activity of protein kinase C.


positive regulation of odontogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


rhythmic excitation

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


response to leptin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism].


cellular response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.


leukocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


positive regulation of hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


negative regulation of hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric-oxide synthase enzyme.


membrane depolarization

The process in which membrane potential decreases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more positive potential. For example, the initial depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential is in the direction from the negative steady-state resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


positive regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery.


cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.


cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.


cellular response to mineralocorticoid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.


glomerular endothelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus.


endothelin receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

An endothelin receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


sympathetic neuron axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of a sympathetic neuron axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation

Any meiotic cell cycle process that is involved in oocyte maturation.


positive regulation of cation channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.


ICAM1_HUMAN Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sprot)

An intercellular adhesion molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to an antigen for which its T cell receptor is specific bound to an MHC molecule on an antigen presenting cell, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


T cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a T cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


membrane to membrane docking

The initial attachment of a membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the two membranes. Docking requires only that the membranes come close enough for the proteins to interact and adhere.


adhesion of symbiont to host

The attachment of a symbiont to its host via either adhesion molecules, general stickiness, or other mechanisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface.


T cell extravasation

The migration of a T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


RLA1_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein P1 (sprot)

A 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytoplasmic translation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in the cytoplasm. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein.


RLA2_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein P2 (sprot)

A 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cytoplasmic translational elongation

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.


RLA0_HUMAN Large ribosomal subunit protein uL10 (sprot)

A 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 that is encoded in the genome of human.


7B2_HUMAN Neuroendocrine protein 7B2 (sprot)

A neuroendocrine protein 7B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


peptide hormone processing

The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.


JUN_HUMAN Transcription factor Jun (sprot)

A transcription factor Jun that is encoded in the genome of human.


cAMP response element binding

Binding to a cyclic AMP response element (CRE), a short palindrome-containing sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to cyclic AMP.


release from viral latency

The process by which a virus begins to replicate following a latency replication decision (switch).


negative regulation by host of viral transcription

Any process in which a host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


FABPH_HUMAN Fatty acid-binding protein, heart (sprot)

A fatty acid-binding protein, heart that is encoded in the genome of human.


long-chain fatty acid binding

Binding to a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


oleic acid binding

Binding to oleic acid, the 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (9Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid.


intracellular lipid transport

The directed movement of lipids within cells.


regulation of fatty acid oxidation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.


positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.


positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process.


RPC4_HUMAN DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC4 (sprot)

A DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A lithostathine-1-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


TETN_HUMAN Tetranectin (sprot)

A tetranectin that is encoded in the genome of human.


kringle domain binding

Binding to a kringle domain. Kringle domains are protein domains that fold into large loops stabilized by 3 disulfide linkages, and are important in protein-protein interactions with blood coagulation factors.


LA_HUMAN Lupus La protein (sprot)

A lupus La protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear histone mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histone messenger RNA (mRNA) within the nucleus.


AT5G1_HUMAN ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial (sprot)

An ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


DQB2_HUMAN HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain (sprot)

An MHC class II histocompatibility antigen beta chain DQB2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


THBG_HUMAN Thyroxine-binding globulin (sprot)

A thyroxine-binding globulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


thyroid hormone transport

The directed movement of thyroid hormone into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


HEP2_HUMAN Heparin cofactor 2 (sprot)

A heparin cofactor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AP2A_HUMAN Transcription factor AP-2-alpha (sprot)

A transcription factor AP-2-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear receptor corepressor activity

A transcription corepressor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Nuclear receptor corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription nuclear receptor corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.


optic cup structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the optic cup. This process pertains to the physical shaping of the rudimentary structure.


positive regulation of tooth mineralization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


ITB1_HUMAN Integrin beta-1 (sprot)

An integrin beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.


regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


integrin binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion

Any integrin binding that occurs as part of the process of cell-matrix adhesion.


regulation of collagen catabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.


formation of radial glial scaffolds

The formation of scaffolds from a radial glial cell. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


negative regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.


myoblast fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


cardiac cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of cardiac cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


integrin alpha5-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha5 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


myelin sheath abaxonal region

The region of the myelin sheath furthest from the axon.


integrin alpha1-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha1 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


integrin alpha2-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha2 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


integrin alpha3-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha3 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


integrin alpha4-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


integrin alpha7-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha7 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


integrin alpha8-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha8 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


integrin alpha9-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha9 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


integrin alpha11-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha11 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


KPCB_HUMAN Protein kinase C beta type (sprot)

A protein kinase C beta type that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H3T6 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 6) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 6) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 6 of histone H3.


phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by acetylcholine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages that are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.


K1C18_HUMAN Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 (sprot)

A keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.


hepatocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a hepatocyte, the main structural component of the liver.


K2C8_HUMAN Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8 (sprot)

A keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRBA1_HUMAN Beta-crystallin A3 (sprot)

A beta-crystallin A3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of anoikis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.


CASB_HUMAN Beta-casein (sprot)

A beta-casein that is encoded in the genome of human.


CALB1_HUMAN Calbindin (sprot)

A calbindin that is encoded in the genome of human.


vitamin D binding

Binding to vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


calcium ion binding involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The directed change of presynaptic cytosolic free calcium ion concentration in the cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.


calcium ion binding involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The directed change of free calcium ion concentration in the postsynaptic cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.


metanephric part of ureteric bud development

The development of the portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros.


metanephric collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


metanephric distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal convoluted tubule is the first segment of the metanephric nephron lying just downstream from the loop of Henle, immediately after the macula densa. Among other functions, in humans it is responsible for the reabsorption of about 5% of filtered sodium via the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl symporter.


metanephric connecting tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros.


MYL1_HUMAN Myosin light chain 1/3, skeletal muscle isoform (sprot)

A myosin light chain 1/3, skeletal muscle isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


muscle filament sliding

The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.


muscle myosin complex

A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type.


HEPS_HUMAN Serine protease hepsin (sprot)

A serine protease hepsin that is encoded in the genome of human.


serine-type exopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


basement membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the basement membrane in the context of a normal process such as imaginal disc eversion.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound

The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal.


pilomotor reflex

The reflex process in which the arrectores pilorum (hair follicle) muscles contract and cause the hair to stand erect.


CO5A2_HUMAN Collagen alpha-2(V) chain (sprot)

A collagen alpha-2(V) chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


eye morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized.


negative regulation of endodermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.


collagen type V trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type V alpha chains; [alpha1(V)]2alpha2(V) and alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V) trimers have been observed; type V collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.


GLPB_HUMAN Glycophorin-B (sprot)

A glycophorin-B that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD1A_HUMAN T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1a (sprot)

A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1a that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD5_HUMAN T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 (sprot)

A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DCUP_HUMAN Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (sprot)

A uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uroporphyrinogen-III = coproporphyrinogen + 4 CO2.


protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX.


porphyrin-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.


UD2B4_HUMAN UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 (sprot)

A UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


INSR_HUMAN Insulin receptor (sprot)

An insulin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear lumen

The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane.


insulin receptor activity

Combining with insulin receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


insulin-like growth factor II binding

Binding to insulin-like growth factor II.


positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


insulin receptor complex

A disulfide-bonded, heterotetrameric receptor complex. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular, while each beta chain has one transmembrane domain. The ligand binds to the alpha subunit extracellular domain and the kinase is associated with the beta subunit intracellular domain.


LCK_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein kinase Lck that is encoded in the genome of human.


Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to an Fc-gamma receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


regulation of lymphocyte activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


FYN_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to singlet oxygen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.


cellular response to L-glutamate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-glutamate(1-) stimulus.


cellular response to glycine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycine stimulus.


CHLE_HUMAN Cholinesterase (sprot)

A cholinesterase that is encoded in the genome of human.


acetylcholinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate.


cholinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion.


hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ester bond.


cocaine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.


AGAL_HUMAN Alpha-galactosidase A (sprot)

An alpha-galactosidase A that is encoded in the genome of human.


alpha-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids.


galactoside binding

Binding to a glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose.


glycosylceramide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.


glycosphingolipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.


CCKN_HUMAN Cholecystokinin (sprot)

A cholecystokinin that is encoded in the genome of human.


KV230_HUMAN Immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-30 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the IGKV2-30 gene in human.


KV401_HUMAN Immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the IGKV4-1 gene in human.


KV502_HUMAN Immunoglobulin kappa variable 5-2 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the IGKV5-2 gene in human.


HV434_HUMAN Immunoglobulin heavy variable 4-34 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the IGHV4-34 gene in human.


DOA_HUMAN HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain (sprot)

An MHC class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


GELS_HUMAN Gelsolin (sprot)

A gelsolin that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit binding

Binding to the catalytic subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The catalytic subunit catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.


striated muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in striated muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


sequestering of actin monomers

The selective interaction of actin monomers with specific molecules that inhibit their polymerization by preventing their access to other monomers.


positive regulation of actin nucleation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.


regulation of podosome assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of podosome assembly.


renal protein absorption

A renal system process in which proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).


positive regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.


regulation of establishment of T cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.


regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane raft polarization.


regulation of receptor clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering.


positive regulation of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing in phagocytic vesicle.


RB_HUMAN Retinoblastoma-associated protein (sprot)

A retinoblastoma-associated protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


sister chromatid biorientation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles.


maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.


glial cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a glial cell, a non-neuronal cell of the nervous system.


regulation of lipid kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.


regulation of centromere complex assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of centromere complex assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex.


negative regulation of myofibroblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.


Rb-E2F complex

A multiprotein complex containing a heterodimeric E2F transcription factor and a Retinoblastoma (Rb) family member. This complex is capable of repressing transcription of E2F-regulated genes in order to regulate cell cycle progression.


chromatin lock complex

A chromatin silencing complex that binds and bridges separate nucleosomal histones resulting in heterochromatin assembly and chromatin looping.


PRGR_HUMAN Progesterone receptor (sprot)

A progesterone receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


glandular epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.


tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The branching process in which the mammary gland ducts form tertiary branches off of the secondary branches as part of diestrus and pregnancy.


PTMA_HUMAN Prothymosin alpha (sprot)

A prothymosin alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


CDK1_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity

Cyclin-dependent catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


pronuclear fusion

The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome.


regulation of Schwann cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.


positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation

Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis.


Golgi disassembly

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a Golgi apparatus that contributes to Golgi inheritance.


microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis

Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis.


positive regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport.


cyclin A2-CDK1 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin B1-CDK1 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


ATPB_HUMAN ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial (sprot)

An ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


angiostatin binding

Binding to angiostatin, a proteolytic product of plasminogen or plasmin containing at least one intact kringle domain, and which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core

The hexamer, comprising three alpha and three beta subunits, that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.


proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.


CO2_HUMAN Complement C2 (sprot)

A complement C2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


S10A9_HUMAN Protein S100-A9 (sprot)

A protein S100-A9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


S10A6_HUMAN Protein S100-A6 (sprot)

A protein S100-A6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other.


APOA4_HUMAN Apolipoprotein A-IV (sprot)

An apolipoprotein A-IV that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to lipid hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


response to triglyceride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.


chylomicron assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the intestine to form a chylomicron.


protein-lipid complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and lipids to form a protein-lipid complex.


CD2_HUMAN T-cell surface antigen CD2 (sprot)

A CD2 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


membrane raft polarization

The clustering and aggregation of a membrane into domains. This serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


IF4E_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E that is encoded in the genome of human.


eukaryotic initiation factor 4G binding

Binding to eukaryotic initiation factor 4G, a polypeptide factor involved in the initiation of ribosome-mediated translation.


regulation of translation at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the postsynapse.


RISC complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNA or siRNA-complementary mRNAs, in addition to a number of accessory factors. The RISC complex is involved in posttranscriptional repression of gene expression through downregulation of translation or induction of mRNA degradation.


CEAM5_HUMAN Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (sprot)

A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCRM_HUMAN Creatine kinase M-type (sprot)

A creatine kinase M-type that is encoded in the genome of human.


ENOA_HUMAN Alpha-enolase (sprot)

An alpha-enolase that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphopyruvate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O.


positive regulation of muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.


phosphopyruvate hydratase complex

A multimeric enzyme complex, usually a dimer or an octamer, that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate and water.


FCER2_HUMAN Low affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor (sprot)

A low affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


low-affinity IgE receptor activity

Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


IgE binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype.


B cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a B cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


PYGL_HUMAN Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form (sprot)

A glycogen phosphorylase, liver form that is encoded in the genome of human.


glucose binding

Binding to D- or L-enantiomers of glucose.


glycogen phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycogen + phosphate = maltodextrin + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


vitamin binding

Binding to a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


linear malto-oligosaccharide phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogenphosphate + a linear malto-oligosaccharide = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + a linear malto-oligosaccharide.


SHG alpha-glucan phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogenphosphate + a plant soluble heteroglycan = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + a plant soluble heteroglycan.


5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.


G6PI_HUMAN Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (sprot)

A glucose-6-phosphate isomerase that is encoded in the genome of human.


glucose-6-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.


erythrocyte homeostasis

Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism.


glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 6-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


DPOLB_HUMAN DNA polymerase beta (sprot)

A DNA polymerase beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling

Repair of the gap in the DNA helix by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase after the portion of the strand containing the lesion has been removed by pyrimidine-dimer repair enzymes.


DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the C-O-P bond in the AP site created when DNA glycosylase removes a damaged base, involved in the DNA base excision repair pathway (BER).


base-excision repair, gap-filling

Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template.


pyrimidine dimer repair

The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers.