pericentriolar material

A network of small fibers that surrounds the centrioles in cells; contains the microtubule nucleating activity of the centrosome.


KRT86_HUMAN Keratin, type II cuticular Hb6 (sprot)

A keratin, type II cuticular Hb6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPOP_HUMAN Speckle-type POZ protein (sprot)

A speckle-type POZ protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


molecular function inhibitor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A molecular function regulator that inhibits or decreases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target.


localization

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation.


MYO1B_HUMAN Unconventional myosin-Ib (sprot)

A myosin-Ib that is encoded in the genome of human.


microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


actin filament-based movement

Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.


SSNA1_HUMAN Microtubule nucleation factor SSNA1 (sprot)

A microtubule nucleation factor SSNA1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


microtubule nucleation

The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation).


axon arborization

The process in which the terminal anatomical structures of an axon are generated and organized into branches of specialised projections, or boutons. An axon is the long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminal branches.


PM34_HUMAN Peroxisomal membrane protein PMP34 (sprot)

A peroxisomal membrane protein PMP34 that is encoded in the genome of human.


adenine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


ATP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


ADP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


coenzyme A transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of coenzyme A from one side of a membrane to the other. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


FAD transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) from one side of a membrane to the other. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.


FMN transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of flavine mononucleotide (FMN) from one side of a membrane to the other.


NAD transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of NAD from one side of a membrane to the other.


AMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


ADP transport

The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ATP transport

The directed movement of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


fatty acid transport

The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


coenzyme A transmembrane transport

The process in which coenzyme A is transported across a membrane. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


FAD transmembrane transport

The process in which flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is transported across a membrane. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.


NAD transmembrane transport

The process in which a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is transported across a membrane; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


AMP transport

The directed movement of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


CPSF5_HUMAN Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5 (sprot)

A cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding

Binding to a region containing frequent adenine and uridine bases within the 3' untranslated region of a mRNA molecule or in pre-mRNA intron. The ARE-binding element consensus is UUAUUUAUU. ARE-binding proteins control the stability and/or translation of mRNAs.


mRNA polyadenylation

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-200 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA primary transcript.


protein heterotetramerization

The formation of a protein heterotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.


mRNA alternative polyadenylation

The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules with variable 3'-end length formation from a given pre-mRNA by differential use of cleavage and polyadenylation signals (pA signals).


messenger ribonucleoprotein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to form a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex.


positive regulation of stem cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.


positive regulation of pro-B cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.


mRNA cleavage factor complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any macromolecular complex involved in cleavage or polyadenylation of mRNA molecules.


paraspeckles

Discrete subnuclear bodies in the interchromatin nucleoplasmic space, often located adjacent to nuclear specks. 10-20 paraspeckles are typically found in human cell nuclei.


mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex

A multisubunit complex that binds to the canonical AAUAAA hexamer and to U-rich upstream sequence elements on the pre-mRNA, thereby stimulating the otherwise weakly active and nonspecific polymerase to elongate efficiently RNAs containing a poly(A) signal.


DUX1_HUMAN Double homeobox protein 1 (sprot)

A double homeobox protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LANC1_HUMAN Glutathione S-transferase LANCL1 (sprot)

A glutathione S-transferase LANCL1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


peptide modification

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a peptide, resulting in a change in the properties of that peptide.


cellular detoxification

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


STRN_HUMAN Striatin (sprot)

A striatin that is encoded in the genome of human.


FAR/SIN/STRIPAK complex

A conserved protein phosphatase type 2A complex which contains a protein phosphatase type 2A, a protein phosphatase regulatory subunit, a striatin, an FHA domain protein and other subunits (at least six proteins). In fission yeast this complex negatively regulate the septation initiation network at the spindle pole body.


U3IP2_HUMAN U3 small nucleolar RNA-interacting protein 2 (sprot)

A U3 small nucleolar RNA-interacting protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


U3 snoRNA binding

Binding to a U3 small nucleolar RNA.


SCO2_HUMAN Protein SCO2 homolog, mitochondrial (sprot)

A protein SCO2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


muscle system process

A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.


respiratory electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


myofibril

The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.


HYAL3_HUMAN Hyaluronidase-3 (sprot)

A hyaluronidase-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hyalurononglucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate.


hyaluronoglucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 1,3-linkages between beta-D-glucuronate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in hyaluronate.


ovarian follicle atresia

A periodic process in which immature ovarian follicles degenerate and are subsequently re-absorbed.


penetration of zona pellucida

The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


hyaluronan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


response to antibiotic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.


cellular response to UV-B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.


negative regulation of ovarian follicle development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.


positive regulation of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acrosomal vesicle exocytosis.


acrosomal membrane

The membrane that surrounds the acrosomal lumen. The acrosome is a special type of lysosome in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization.


CF410_HUMAN Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 410 (sprot)

A cilia- and flagella-associated protein 410 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AKAP8_HUMAN A-kinase anchor protein 8 (sprot)

An A-kinase anchor protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitotic chromosome condensation

The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.


cell cycle G2/M phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell in G2 phase commits to M phase.


condensed chromosome

A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure.


GTPB6_HUMAN Putative GTP-binding protein 6 (sprot)

A putative GTP-binding protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B3GT2_HUMAN Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 2 (sprot)

A beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetylglucosamine = galactose-beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-galactose = D-galactosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


galactosylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.


oligosaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


G6PT1_HUMAN Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A4 (sprot)

A glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


glucose-6-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucose-6-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


glucose 6-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose 6-phosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = glucose 6-phosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).


phosphate ion transmembrane transport

The process in which a phosphate is transported across a membrane.


ANGL7_HUMAN Angiopoietin-related protein 7 (sprot)

An angiopoietin-related protein 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye

Any negative regulation of vasculature development that is involved in developing an avascular cornea of a camera-type eye.


regulation of extracellular matrix organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization.


ZBT14_HUMAN Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 14 (sprot)

A zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cardiac septum development

The progression of a cardiac septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


IDH3B_HUMAN Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrial (sprot)

An isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH.


mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)

Mitochondrial complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.


NRDC_HUMAN Nardilysin (sprot)

A nardilysin that is encoded in the genome of human.


epidermal growth factor binding

Binding to epidermal growth factor.


positive regulation of myelination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis.


CALU_HUMAN Calumenin (sprot)

A calumenin that is encoded in the genome of human.


EDIL3_HUMAN EGF-like repeat and discoidin I-like domain-containing protein 3 (sprot)

An EGF-like repeat and discoidin I-like domain-containing protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATP9B_HUMAN Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase IIB (sprot)

A probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase IIB that is encoded in the genome of human.


SAHH2_HUMAN S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 (sprot)

An S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


one-carbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the transfer of one-carbon units in various oxidation states.


positive regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing, any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.


regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter.


angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by angiotensin II binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


epithelial fluid transport

The directed movement of fluid across epithelia.


regulation of monoatomic anion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to calcium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.


mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering

The attachment of a mitochondrion and an endoplasmic reticulum via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane

A zone of apposition between endoplasmic-reticulum and mitochondrial membranes, structured by bridging complexes. These contact sites are thought to facilitate inter-organelle calcium and phospholipid exchange.


CD5L_HUMAN CD5 antigen-like (sprot)

A CD5 molecule-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular defense response

A defense response that is mediated by cells.


regulation of complement activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


positive regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


S28A2_HUMAN Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 2 (sprot)

A sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


purine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine nucleoside, a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.


purine nucleoside transmembrane transport

The process in which a purine nucleoside is transported across a membrane. A purine nucleoside is a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar.


adenosine transport

The directed movement of adenosine, adenine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


inosine transport

The directed movement of the purine ribonucleoside inosine, also known as hypoxanthine riboside, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


coated vesicle

Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.


OR2T1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 2T1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 2T1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CREB3_HUMAN Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.


integrated stress response signaling

The series of molecular signals generated in response to diverse stress stimuli required to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event in this pathway is the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha by one of four members of the eIF2a kinase family (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2), which leads to a decrease in global protein synthesis and the induction of selected genes, including the transcription factor ATF4, that together promote cellular recovery.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


XPP2_HUMAN Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 (sprot)

An Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain.


metalloaminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


KIF1C_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF1C (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF1C that is encoded in the genome of human.


anterograde neuronal dense core vesicle transport

The directed movement of substances in neuronal dense core vesicles along axonal microtubules towards the presynapse.


retrograde neuronal dense core vesicle transport

The directed movement of neuronal dense core vesicles along axonal microtubules towards the cell body.


TLL1_HUMAN Tolloid-like protein 1 (sprot)

A tolloid-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRIC3_HUMAN Prickle planar cell polarity protein 3 (sprot)

A prickle planar cell polarity protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GAS2_HUMAN Growth arrest-specific protein 2 (sprot)

A growth arrest-specific protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EXTL3_HUMAN Exostosin-like 3 (sprot)

An exostosin-like 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan = UDP + alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan.


protein-hormone receptor activity

Combining with a protein hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues.


negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.


negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding.


positive regulation of detection of glucose

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.


ORC5_HUMAN Origin recognition complex subunit 5 (sprot)

An origin recognition complex subunit 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA replication initiation

The process in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; it begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, followed by DNA unwinding.


regulation of DNA replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.


nuclear origin of replication recognition complex

A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the nucleus.


origin recognition complex

A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome.


TYOBP_HUMAN TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein (sprot)

A TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


stimulatory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of cellular activation.


myeloid leukocyte activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


microglial cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


negative regulation of B cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.


positive regulation of superoxide anion generation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.


positive regulation of macrophage fusion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.


negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.


positive regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.


positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.


VEGFD_HUMAN Vascular endothelial growth factor D (sprot)

A vascular endothelial growth factor D that is encoded in the genome of human.


platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding

Binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.


positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.


CHST1_HUMAN Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 (sprot)

A carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


keratan sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.


polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


galactose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


sulfur compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


keratan sulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.


AIRE_HUMAN Autoimmune regulator (sprot)

An autoimmune regulator that is encoded in the genome of human.


peripheral T cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of T cells in the periphery, in this case, any location in the body other than the thymus.


central tolerance induction to self antigen

Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs directed at self antigens.


regulation of thymocyte migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.


NDUS5_HUMAN NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 (sprot)

An NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EFNA2_HUMAN Ephrin-A2 (sprot)

An ephrin-A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


bone remodeling

The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive bone formation (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. An imbalance in the regulation of bone resorption and bone formation results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.


PDE6D_HUMAN Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta (sprot)

A retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXL13_HUMAN C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (sprot)

A C-X-C motif chemokine 13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXCR5 chemokine receptor binding

Binding to a CXCR5 chemokine receptor.


germinal center formation

The process in which germinal centers form. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.


lymphocyte chemotaxis across high endothelial venule

The movement of a lymphocyte to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.


chronic inflammatory response

Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.


regulation of humoral immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.


positive regulation of integrin activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.


endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

The directed movement of an endothelial cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).


negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


ORC4_HUMAN Origin recognition complex subunit 4 (sprot)

An origin recognition complex subunit 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA replication origin binding

Binding to a DNA replication origin, a unique DNA sequence of a replicon at which DNA replication is initiated and proceeds bidirectionally or unidirectionally.


polar body extrusion after meiotic divisions

The cell cycle process in which two small cells are generated, as byproducts destined to degenerate, as a result of the first and second meiotic divisions of a primary oocyte during its development to a mature ovum. One polar body is formed in the first division of meiosis and the other in the second division; at each division, the cytoplasm divides unequally, so that the polar body is of much smaller size than the developing oocyte. At the second division in which a polar body is formed, the polar body and the developing oocyte each contain a haploid set of chromosomes.


PRKY_HUMAN Putative serine/threonine-protein kinase PRKY (sprot)

A putative serine/threonine-protein kinase PRKY that is encoded in the genome of human.


PEX1_HUMAN Peroxisomal ATPase PEX1 (sprot)

A peroxisomal ATPase PEX1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


The microtubule-based process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


ubiquitin-dependent protein binding

Binding to a protein upon ubiquitination of the target protein.


protein transporter activity

Directly binding to a specific protein and delivering it to a specific cellular location.


protein unfolding

The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state.


MFS11_HUMAN UNC93-like protein MFSD11 (sprot)

An UNC93-like protein MFSD11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RAD21_HUMAN Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog (sprot)

A double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog that is encoded in the genome of human.


lncRNA binding

Binding to a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA).


negative regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


establishment of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a mitotic cell cycle.


establishment of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a meiotic cell cycle.


negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin.


positive regulation of sister chromatid cohesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.


protein localization to chromatin

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.


chromatin looping

A chromatin organization process that starts with the loading of an extrusion motor (by an SMC family complex) onto the chromatin, followed by chromatin extrusion that stops at loop anchoring sites on the chromosome.


mitotic cohesin complex

A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.


meiotic cohesin complex

A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the mitotic cohesin complex.


cohesin complex

A protein complex that is required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes. The cohesin complex forms a molecular ring complex, and is composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1p and Smc3p, and the kleisin protein Scc1p. In vertebrates, the complex is composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domains to a kleisin (RAD21, REC8 or RAD21L) which links them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3).


AK1BA_HUMAN Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (sprot)

An aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


retinal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: retinal + NAD+ + H2O = retinoate + NADH. Acts on both 11-trans and 13-cis forms of retinal.


aldo-keto reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde or a ketone + NADPH + H+.


alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde + NADPH + H+.


geranylgeranyl reductase activity

Catalysis of the formation of phytyl group from the stepwise reduction of a geranylgeranyl group.


indanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indan-1-ol + NAD(P)+ = indanone + NAD(P)H + H+.


retinoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


farnesol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


cellular detoxification of aldehyde

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of an aldehyde. These may include transport of aldehydes away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


TIM8A_HUMAN Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim8 A (sprot)

A mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim8 A that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein insertion into mitochondrial inner membrane

The processes mediating the insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Mitochondrial inner membrane proteins can get inserted from the cytosol, by crossing the outer membrane and being guided by an inner membrane translocase complex into their final destination in the inner membrane. Some proteins present in the intermembrane space can get inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Finally, some proteins are inserted into the inner membrane from the matrix side of the membrane.


mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex

Soluble complex of the mitochondrial intermembrane space composed of various combinations of small Tim proteins; acts as a protein transporter to guide proteins to the Tim22 complex for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane.


SSX4_HUMAN Protein SSX4 (sprot)

A protein SSX4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SSX5_HUMAN Protein SSX5 (sprot)

A protein SSX5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KALRN_HUMAN Kalirin (sprot)

A kalirin that is encoded in the genome of human.


DHX16_HUMAN Pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX16 (sprot)

A pre-mRNA-splicing factor ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZNRD2_HUMAN Protein ZNRD2 (sprot)

A protein ZNRD2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GMFG_HUMAN Glia maturation factor gamma (sprot)

A glia maturation factor gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


TM11D_HUMAN Transmembrane protease serine 11D (sprot)

A transmembrane protease serine 11D that is encoded in the genome of human.


MYPT2_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.


BNI3L_HUMAN BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like (sprot)

A BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


lamin binding

Binding to lamin; any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope.


negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


mitochondrial protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mitochondrial protein. This process is necessary to maintain the healthy state of mitochondria and is thought to occur via the induction of an intramitochondrial lysosome-like organelle that acts to eliminate the damaged oxidised mitochondrial proteins without destroying the mitochondrial structure.


3BP5_HUMAN SH3 domain-binding protein 5 (sprot)

An SH3 domain-binding protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PLIN1_HUMAN Perilipin-1 (sprot)

A perilipin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to cold

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.


AGRB2_HUMAN Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B2 (sprot)

An adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by activation of a member of the NFAT protein family as a consequence of NFAT dephosphorylation by Ca(2+)-activated calcineurin. The cascade begins with calcium-dependent activation of the phosphatase calcineurin. Calcineurin dephosphorylates multiple phosphoserine residues on NFAT, resulting in the translocation of NFAT to the nucleus. The cascade ends with regulation of transcription by NFAT. The calcineurin-NFAT cascade lies downstream of many cell surface receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that signal to mobilize calcium ions (Ca2+).


AGRB3_HUMAN Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B3 (sprot)

An adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.


motor learning

Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.


regulation of synapse maturation

Any process that modulates the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state.


maintenance of synapse structure

A process that preserves the structural organistation and orientation of a synaptic cellular component such as the synaptic cytoskeleton and molecular scaffolds.


regulation of synapse pruning

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse pruning.


cerebellar climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse

A synapse of a climbing fiber onto the dendrites of a Purkinje cell in cerebellum. The climbing fiber originates from the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata.


H6ST1_HUMAN Heparan-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 (sprot)

A heparan-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfate; results in 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine residues in heparan sulfate.


MED14_HUMAN Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 14 (sprot)

A mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear vitamin D receptor binding

Binding to a nuclear vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor that mediates the action of vitamin D by binding DNA and controlling the transcription of hormone-sensitive genes.


mediator complex

A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The mediator complex is required for activation of transcription of most protein-coding genes, but can also act as a transcriptional corepressor. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.


PCDH7_HUMAN Protocadherin-7 (sprot)

A protocadherin-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


platelet alpha granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet alpha granule.


SOX15_HUMAN Protein SOX-15 (sprot)

A protein SOX-15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation of satellite cell involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. The activation of satellite cell is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.


negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.


positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition

A cell cycle process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.


positive regulation of myoblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.


KPRB_HUMAN Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase-associated protein 2 (sprot)

A phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase-associated protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FGF17_HUMAN Fibroblast growth factor 17 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor 17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


type 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1).


KLK8_HUMAN Kallikrein-8 (sprot)

A kallikrein-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


serine protease inhibitor complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains a serine protease inhibitor and a protease; formation of the complex inhibits serine protease activity.


PRKN_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin that is encoded in the genome of human.


SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


negative regulation of glucokinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.


ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding

Binding to a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, any of the E2 proteins.


cullin family protein binding

Binding to a member of the cullin family, hydrophobic proteins that act as scaffolds for ubiquitin ligases (E3).


ubiquitin-specific protease binding

Binding to a ubiquitin-specific protease.


F-box domain binding

Binding to an F-box domain of a protein.


autophagy of mitochondrion

The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


regulation of dopamine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.


cellular response to unfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.


protein K29-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K29-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.


ERAD pathway

The protein catabolic pathway which targets endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins for degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. It begins with recognition of the ER-resident protein, includes retrotranslocation (dislocation) of the protein from the ER to the cytosol, protein modifications necessary for correct substrate transfer (e.g. ubiquitination), transport of the protein to the proteasome, and ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome.


regulation of dopamine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.


norepinephrine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


dopamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


positive regulation of DNA binding

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


protein K27-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 27 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein.


negative regulation by host of viral genome replication

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.


dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission

The directed movement of dopamine into a presynaptic neuron or glial cell. In this context, dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a parkin-family molecule.


cellular response to manganese ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.


protein K6-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K6-linked ubiquitination is involved in DNA repair.


cellular response to toxic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


positive regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


mitochondrion to lysosome transport

Transport from the mitochondrion to the lysosome, mediated by mitochondrion-derived vesicles.


regulation protein catabolic process at presynapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the presynapse.


regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.


positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteasomal protein catabolic process.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.


negative regulation of primary amine oxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary amine oxidase activity.


positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination.


regulation of synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.


positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway.


cellular response to dopamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus.


negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


negative regulation of exosomal secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exosomal secretion.


positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation by autophagy.


positive regulation of dendrite extension

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.


negative regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.


positive regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi.


negative regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intralumenal vesicle formation.


positive regulation of protein localization to membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to membrane.


regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.


negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.


Lewy body

Cytoplasmic, spherical inclusion commonly found in damaged neurons, and composed of abnormally phosphorylated, neurofilament proteins aggregated with ubiquitin and alpha-synuclein.


dopaminergic synapse

A synapse that uses dopamine as a neurotransmitter.


Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex containing Parkin (PARK2), the F-box protein FBXW7 (also called SEL-10) and a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily; substrate specificity is conferred by the F-box protein.


GBG7_HUMAN Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 (sprot)

A guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


behavioral fear response

An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat.


receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


SMCA5_HUMAN SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 5 (sprot)

A SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nucleosome binding

Binding to a nucleosome, a complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


histone octamer slider activity

A chromatin remodeler activity that slides core histone octamers along chromosomal DNA.


negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I.


positive regulation of histone methylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.


positive regulation of histone acetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.


positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I.


positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III.


negative regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation.


pericentric heterochromatin

Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by methylated H3 histone at lysine 9 (H3K9me2/H3K9me3).


CHRAC

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


ACF complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and generally no other subunits, though Xenopus is an exception with a third non-conserved subunit. ACF plays roles in regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


RSF complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals) and an RSF1 homolog. It mediates nucleosome deposition and generates regularly spaced nucleosome arrays. In mammals, RSF is involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters).


WICH complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2H in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and WSTF (Williams Syndrome Transcription Factor). WICH plays roles in regulation of RNAP I and III transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


NoRC complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2H in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and a Tip5 homolog. In mammals, NoRC is involved in regulation of transcription from RNAP I and RNA polymerase III promoters.


B-WICH complex

A chromatin remodeling complex that positively regulates histone H3 acetylation, in particular H3K9, by recruiting histone acetyltransferases to rDNA gene regions. Located in the nucleolus where it assembles on RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) and possibly on RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) promoter and coding regions during early G1 phase and activates the post-initiation phases of Pol I transcription. May also activate RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) gene transcription. In mammals, B-WICH contains the WICH complex core of BAZ1B and SMARCA5, additional protein subunits and possibly rRNAs. Although it contains several catalytic subunits it is not clear which functions are carried out by the complex itself.


NURF complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2L in mammals), a NURF301 homolog (BPTF in humans), and additional subunits, though the composition of these additional subunits varies slightly with species. NURF is involved in regulation of transcription from TRNA polymerase II promoters.


ADCY3_HUMAN Adenylate cyclase type 3 (sprot)

An adenylate cyclase type 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


acrosome reaction

The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule following the sperm's attachment to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents into the zona pellucida.


olfactory learning

Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.


K0513_HUMAN Uncharacterized protein KIAA0513 (sprot)

An uncharacterized protein KIAA0513 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GRIN2_HUMAN G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 2 (sprot)

A G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


JIP4_HUMAN C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 4 (sprot)

A C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


lysosome localization

Any process in which a lysosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


negative regulation of dendrite extension

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.


SUSD5_HUMAN Sushi domain-containing protein 5 (sprot)

A sushi domain-containing protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN292_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 292 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 292 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF5C_HUMAN Kinesin heavy chain isoform 5C (sprot)

A kinesin heavy chain isoform 5C that is encoded in the genome of human.


apolipoprotein receptor binding

Binding to an apolipoprotein receptor.


anterograde dendritic transport of messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

The directed movement of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites towards the postsynapse.


ciliary rootlet

A cytoskeleton-like structure, originating from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium, and extending proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross striae distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm.


postsynaptic cytosol

The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the postsynapse.


distal axon

That part of an axon close to and including the growth cone or the axon terminus.


ST18_HUMAN Suppression of tumorigenicity 18 protein (sprot)

A suppression of tumorigenicity 18 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-6 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


protein-DNA complex

A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules.


NUAK1_HUMAN NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 (sprot)

A NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPA1P_HUMAN Nucleolar pre-ribosomal-associated protein 1 (sprot)

A nucleolar pre-ribosomal-associated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN862_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 862 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 862 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MGRN1_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MGRN1 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MGRN1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


SI1L3_HUMAN Signal-induced proliferation-associated 1-like protein 3 (sprot)

A signal-induced proliferation-associated 1-like protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


tricellular tight junction

An specialized occluding junction where three epithelial cells meet. It is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that run perpendicularly to the bicellular tight junction at the point of contact between three epithelial cells in an epithelial sheet.


ZC3H1_HUMAN Zinc finger C3H1 domain-containing protein (sprot)

A zinc finger C3H1 domain-containing protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


exosome (RNase complex)

A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime exoribonuclease activity and possibly endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


TYW4_HUMAN tRNA wybutosine-synthesizing protein 4 (sprot)

A tRNA wybutosine-synthesizing protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRAK2_HUMAN Trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 (sprot)

A trafficking kinesin-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


anterograde dendritic transport of mitochondrion

The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in dendrites towards the postsynapse and away from the cell body.


LZTS3_HUMAN Leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 (sprot)

A leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KATIP_HUMAN Katanin-interacting protein (sprot)

A katanin-interacting protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN500_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 500 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 500 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AQR_HUMAN RNA helicase aquarius (sprot)

An RNA helicase aquarius that is encoded in the genome of human.


3'-5' RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of an RNA helix in the 3' to 5' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


MAST3_HUMAN Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (sprot)

A microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CE104_HUMAN Centrosomal protein of 104 kDa (sprot)

A centrosomal protein of 104 kDa that is encoded in the genome of human.


L37A3_HUMAN Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 37A3 (sprot)

A leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 37A3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AT10A_HUMAN Phospholipid-transporting ATPase VA (sprot)

A phospholipid-transporting ATPase VA that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycosylceramide flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of glycosylceramide from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Glycosylceramides are ceramides containing a functional group derived from a sugar.


positive regulation of membrane tubulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.


OPA1_HUMAN Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial (sprot)

A dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitochondrial genome maintenance

The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome.


mitochondrial fusion

Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


axonal transport of mitochondrion

The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons.


ZEB2_HUMAN Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (sprot)

A zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


myofibroblast differentiation

The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a myofibroblast cell.


positive regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.


astrocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


fibroblast activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a fibroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


melanocyte migration

The orderly movement of melanocytes from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance.


regulation of melanosome organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome organization.


positive regulation of myofibroblast contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.


regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process.


regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

Any process that modulates blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.


GANP_HUMAN Germinal-center associated nuclear protein (sprot)

A germinal-center associated nuclear protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H3 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 = CoA + acetyl-histone H3.


somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes

Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins.


poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus

The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


nucleosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of one or more nucleosomes.


EREP2_HUMAN Protein ENTREP2 (sprot)

A protein ENTREP2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PCDGC_HUMAN Protocadherin gamma-A12 (sprot)

A protocadherin gamma-A12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PI51C_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma (sprot)

A phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF1B_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF1B (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


microtubule-based movement

A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.


neuron-neuron synaptic transmission

The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse.


neuromuscular synaptic transmission

The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse.


The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.


MABP1_HUMAN Mitogen-activated protein kinase-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of defense response to bacterium

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.


MARH6_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCHF6 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCHF6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ER ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the ER.


KDM1A_HUMAN Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (sprot)

A lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


telomeric DNA binding

Binding to a telomere, a specific structure at the end of a linear chromosome required for the integrity and maintenance of the end.


cellular response to gamma radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.


demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a substrate.


histone H3K4 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


histone H3K9 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.


telomeric repeat-containing RNA binding

Binding to long non-coding RNA molecules transcribed from subtelomeric regions in most eukaryotes. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) molecules consist of subtelomeric-derived sequences and G-rich telomeric repeats.


FAD-dependent H3K4me/H3K4me3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di- or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein. This is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent amine oxidation reaction.


alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.


protein demethylation

The removal of a methyl group, from a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.


negative regulation of DNA binding

Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


guanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation.


DNA repair complex

A protein complex involved in DNA repair processes including direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.


TBCD4_HUMAN TBC1 domain family member 4 (sprot)

A TBC1 domain family member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of vesicle fusion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.


PHLP1_HUMAN PH domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phosphatase 1 (sprot)

A PH domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phosphatase that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


regulation of MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.


regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


FZD6_HUMAN Frizzled-6 (sprot)

A frizzled-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cell proliferation in midbrain

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain.


embryonic nail plate morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of a nail plate are generated and organized. The nail plate is the hard and translucent portion of the nail, composed of keratin, and serves to protect the tips of digits.


establishment of body hair planar orientation

Orientation of body hairs, projections from the surface of an organism, such that the hairs all point in a uniform direction along the surface.


midbrain morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a midbrain is generated and organized.


NUPR1_HUMAN Nuclear protein 1 (sprot)

A nuclear protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


acute inflammatory response

Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.


positive regulation of protein modification process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.


fibroblast apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


negative regulation of glycolytic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.


negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


negative regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


negative regulation of autophagosome assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly.


positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation.


negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.


regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.


regulation of female gonad development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.


CCG3_HUMAN Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit (sprot)

A voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

A process in which a neurotransmitter is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. postsynaptic density).


somatodendritic compartment

The region of a neuron that includes the cell body (cell soma) and dendrite(s), but excludes the axon.


NDK8_HUMAN Putative nucleoside diphosphate kinase (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the NME2P1 gene in human.


HBP1_HUMAN HMG box-containing protein 1 (sprot)

An HMG box-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GDF9_HUMAN Growth/differentiation factor 9 (sprot)

A growth/differentiation factor 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of progesterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.


ZN861_HUMAN Putative zinc finger protein 861 (sprot)


NMD3B_HUMAN Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B (sprot)

A glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the energy-independent passage of monoatomic cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


glycine binding

Binding to glycine, aminoethanoic acid.


neurotransmitter receptor activity

Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


protein insertion into membrane

The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


NOBOX_HUMAN Homeobox protein NOBOX (sprot)

A homeobox protein NOBOX that is encoded in the genome of human.


COX7S_HUMAN Putative cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A3, mitochondrial (sprot)


O10H2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 10H2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 10H2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


O10H3_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 10H3 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 10H3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR7C2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 7C2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 7C2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ONEC3_HUMAN One cut domain family member 3 (sprot)

An one cut domain family member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AT8B3_HUMAN Phospholipid-transporting ATPase IK (sprot)

A phospholipid-transporting ATPase IK that is encoded in the genome of human.


FADS1_HUMAN Acyl-CoA (8-3)-desaturase (sprot)

An acyl-CoA (8-3)-desaturase that is encoded in the genome of human.


long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


C-5 sterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,7,24(28)-ergostatrienol + O2 + NADPH = 5,7,22,24(28)-ergostatetraenol + 2 H2O + NADP+.


linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA and add a fourth double bond (a (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoA).


omega-6 fatty acid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-6 double bond into the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain.


acyl-CoA delta5-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA) and add a fourth double bond (a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA).


linoleic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.


icosanoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.


OR1I1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 1I1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 1I1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PEPL_HUMAN Periplakin (sprot)

A periplakin that is encoded in the genome of human.


desmosome

A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism.


GSDME_HUMAN Gasdermin-E (sprot)

A gasdermin-E that is encoded in the genome of human.


wide pore channel activity

Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a large pore, un-gated channel. Examples include gap junctions, which transport substances from one cell to another; and porins which transport substances in and out of bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts.


positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


EVI5_HUMAN Ecotropic viral integration site 5 protein homolog (sprot)

An ecotropic viral integration site 5 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


LY75_HUMAN Lymphocyte antigen 75 (sprot)

A protein that is either lymphocyte antigen 75 isoform 4 (human), LY75-CD302 fusion protein isoform V34-2 (human), or LY75-CD302 fusion protein isoform V33-2 (human).


NRP2_HUMAN Neuropilin-2 (sprot)

A neuropilin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DSCAM_HUMAN Cell adhesion molecule DSCAM (sprot)

A cell adhesion molecule DSCAM that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein tyrosine kinase binding

Binding to protein tyrosine kinase.


netrin receptor binding

Binding to a netrin receptor.


post-embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the post-embryonic life stage.


dendrite self-avoidance

The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell.


MA1A2_HUMAN Mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase IB (sprot)

A mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase IB that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->2)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in an oligo-mannose oligosaccharide.


BRNP1_HUMAN BMP/retinoic acid-inducible neural-specific protein 1 (sprot)

A BMP/retinoic acid-inducible neural-specific protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


maternal behavior

Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring.


vocalization behavior

The behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system.


G137B_HUMAN Integral membrane protein GPR137B (sprot)

An integral membrane protein GPR137B that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of protein localization to lysosome

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to lysosome.


DLX3_HUMAN Homeobox protein DLX-3 (sprot)

A homeobox protein DLX-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell.


hair follicle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of hair follicle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


odontoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of neural crest origin acquires the specialized features of an odontoblast, a cell on the outer surface of the dental pulp whose biological function is the creation of dentin.


ZIC3_HUMAN Zinc finger protein ZIC 3 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein ZIC 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


neural plate development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.


atrial cardiac muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


germ-line stem cell population maintenance

Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.


central nervous system segmentation

Division of the central nervous system into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.


determination of pancreatic left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the pancreas with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


determination of left/right asymmetry in nervous system

The establishment of the nervous system with respect to the left and right halves.


axial mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.


paraxial mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.


face development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head.


determination of digestive tract left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


determination of liver left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the liver with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


PLXC1_HUMAN Plexin-C1 (sprot)

A plexin-C1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MPZL2_HUMAN Myelin protein zero-like protein 2 (sprot)

A myelin protein zero-like protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACSL4_HUMAN Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4 (sprot)

A long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


palmitoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + palmitic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + palmitoyl-CoA.


embryonic process involved in female pregnancy

A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother.


SNX3_HUMAN Sorting nexin-3 (sprot)

A sorting nexin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


retromer complex

A conserved hetero-pentameric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. The budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p. The mammalian complex shows slight variation in composition compared to yeast, and comprises SNX1 or SNX2, SNX5 or SNX6, VPS26A or VPS26B, VPS29, and VPS35.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' position.


retromer complex binding

Binding to a retromer complex.


intralumenal vesicle formation

The invagination of the endosome membrane and resulting formation of a vesicle within the lumen of the endosome.


negative regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.


CUBN_HUMAN Cubilin (sprot)

A cubilin that is encoded in the genome of human.


cobalamin binding

Binding to cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


extrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


DOK2_HUMAN Docking protein 2 (sprot)

A docking protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


STX10_HUMAN Syntaxin-10 (sprot)

A syntaxin-10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPHN_HUMAN Nephrin (sprot)

A nephrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


glomerular basement membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.


protein localization to synapse

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.


slit diaphragm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a slit diaphragm, specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.


OGA_HUMAN Protein O-GlcNAcase (sprot)

A protein O-GlcNAcase that is encoded in the genome of human.


beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminides.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-L-threonine-[glycoprotein] <=> N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide + a [protein]-L-threonine.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-L-serine-[glycoprotein] <=> N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide + a [protein]-L-serine.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-[glycoprotein] <=> N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide + a [glycoprotein]-(L-serine/L-threonine).


N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.