Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-N-acetylmannosaminouronate = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminouronosyl-1,4-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.


negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


fucosidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of fucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of fucose or a fucose derivative.


male-female gamete recognition during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin + UDP-D-glucose = daphnin + H+ + UDP.


phthalate dioxygenase reductase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of electrons between pyridine nucleotides (obligatory two-electron carriers) and hemes or (2Fe-2S) centers (obligatory one-electron carriers) in respiration, photosynthesis, and many oxygenase systems.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H(2) = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + H+.


detection of endoplasmic reticulum overloading

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of events in which a stimulus generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is received and converted into a molecular signal.


zoospore encystment on host

The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont zoospore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine + H2O + H+ = L-leucine + benzyl alcohol + CO2.


nor-spermidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an ergot alkaloid.


negative regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


ABC-type beta-glucan transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + beta-glucan(in) = ADP + phosphate + beta-glucan(out).


negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any canonical Wnt signaling that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of heart induction.


negative regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


acquisition of nutrients from symbiont

The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of synergid differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate 5-aminopentanamide.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetyl-mannosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetyl-mannosamine(out) = protein histidine +N-acetyl- mannosamine-6-phosphate(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate <=> mannosylfructose-phosphate + GDP.


dipyrrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.


gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


alpha-thujene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) <=> alpha-thujene + diphosphoric acid.


positive regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


interleukin-34 production

The appearance of interleukin-34 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.


epidermal stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of epidermal stem cells within a population of cells.


blood vessel endothelial cell delamination involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

Any blood vessel endothelial cell delamination that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


amnioserosa formation

Formation of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. This occurs by the transformation of a narrow strip of cells at the dorsal midline of the blastoderm from columnar to squamous cells, accompanied by a lateral shift.


peptidyl-histidine guanylation

The guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.


Mre11 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.


alcohol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on an alcohol acceptor molecule.


positive regulation of brood size

Any process that increases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


D-ribose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


connecting tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct.


regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


phenylethylamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


cranial ganglion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a cranial ganglion is generated and organized.


regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.


leucine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + H2O + NAD+ = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH.


lymphocyte anergy

Any process contributing to lymphocyte anergy, a state of functional inactivation.


cellular response to viscosity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a viscosity stimulus.


GAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAU codon.


N-acetylmuramic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


peptidyl-lysine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine = 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate + L-glutamate.


sigma factor activity

Sigma factors act as the promoter specificity subunit of eubacterial and plant plastid multisubunit RNA polymerases, whose core subunit composition is often described as alpha(2)-beta-beta-prime. Although sigma does not bind DNA on its own, when combined with the core to form the holoenzyme, the sigma factor binds specifically to promoter elements. The sigma subunit is released once elongation begins.


geranylate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylate + CoASH = trans-geranyl-CoA + OH-.


tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyll a + NADP = tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of CoA-transferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.


adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses. An example of this is the adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


wing disc development

Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + myo-inositol 1-phosphate = alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-myoinositol.


diaminopimelate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H+ = L-lysine + CO2.


poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond between the 5'-pyrimidine residue in cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) and the corresponding deoxy-D-ribose residue.


adenosylcobinamide kinase (ATP-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + ATP = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP + H+.


Catalysis of the reactions: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH, and (1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH + H+.


long descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.


cellular response to phenylalanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.


mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


monodictyphenone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monodictyphenone.


alpha-1,3-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->3)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


ABC-type 3',5'-cyclic GMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) = ADP + phosphate + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out).


toluene 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxytoluene.


regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


photoreceptor cell differentiation

The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to selenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.


sabinene-hydrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = diphosphate + sabinene hydrate.


response to imidacloprid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an imidacloprid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-11-oxopentalenate + O2 + NADPH + H+ = pentalenolactone D + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-propionylpeptide. This reaction is the propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.


histidine catabolic process to imidazol-5-yl-lactate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including imidazol-5-yl-lactate.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation.


negative regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


metal cluster binding

Binding to a cluster of atoms including both metal ions and nonmetal atoms, usually sulfur and oxygen. Examples include iron-sulfur clusters and nickel-iron-sulfur clusters.


2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NADP+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-arginine = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-ornithine.


positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal.


histone H3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


specification of segmental identity, intercalary segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the intercalary segment of the anterior head, following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


homoserine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-homoserine + CoA.


U2 snRNA adenosine m6 methytransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N6-methyl-adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


cellular response to sulfur starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.


beta-elemene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> beta-elemene + diphosphoric acid.


lycopene epsilon cyclase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of an epsilon ring at one end of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form delta-carotene (epsilon, psi-carotene).


4-aminobenzenesulfonate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 4-sulfocatechol.


coenzyme F420 hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420 + H(2) + H+ = reduced coenzyme F420.


tungsten incorporation into tungsten-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of tungsten into a tungsten-molybdopterin complex.


positive regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


flavonoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.


ubiquinone-6 binding

Binding to ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-N-dimethylethanolamine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with two N-methylations with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine and phospho-N-methylethanolamine, followed by a downstream N-methylation on phosphatidyl-base phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.


peptidyl-tyrosine hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dihydroxyphenylalanine.


response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-esculetin + UDP + H+.


negative regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: cytosylglucuronic acid + H+ = cytosylarabinopyranose + CO2.


meiotic M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle.


positive regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


cephalosporin C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephalosporin C.


positive regulation of oogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.


protein insertion into ER membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.


metal ion sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a metal ion.


positive regulation of uredinium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


vanillate O-demethylase (anaerobic) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + Co+ = Co3+-CH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


juglone 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 juglone + O2 = 2 3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + 2 H+.


imaginal disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-glycerate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+.


DNM1L-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a DNM1L-family molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H2O = (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate.


regulation of thymine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to cytarabine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytarabine stimulus.


suppression by virus of host type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type III interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type III interferon is also known as interferon-lambda.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferide + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,4'-dimethylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans.


ectoine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


ribonuclease IV activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in dendrite guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in dendrite guidance.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + quinolin-2-ol = H2O + NAD+ + quinoline-2,8-diol.


The attachment of a peroxisome to a chloroplast via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


response to very low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + pyruvate = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-alanine.


branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane

A process that hyerpolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an inhibitory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential away from the firing threshold.


1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene extradiol dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + O2 = 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H+.


tracheary element differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tracheary element.


4-methylaminobutyrate oxidase (demethylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(methylamino)butyric acid + O2 + H2O <=> gamma-aminobutyric acid + formaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate.


protein-containing complex stabilizing activity

A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex, thus preventing an interaction with a factor that would promote dissociation of the complex.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolinidin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> luteolinidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate.


1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity (SN2-16:1 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


response to diphenyl ether

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenyl ether stimulus.


pullulan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-32 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, carboxy-terminal

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxy-terminal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has a carboxy-terminal thiocarboxy-C(=O)-SH bond.


detection of muscle inactivity

The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


formate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH.


aphidicolan-16 beta-ol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = aphidicolan-16-beta-ol + diphosphate.


negative regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.


phthalate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate = (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate. (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate is also known as trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate.


ubiquinone-6 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone-6.


cellular response to nitrogen compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.


endocardial precursor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial precursor cell. A endocardial precursor cell is a cell that has been committed to a endocardial cell fate, but will undergo further cell divisions rather than terminally differentiate.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in scattered antral spaces stage

The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the scattered antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


positive regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


perturbation of host immune response

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


plasma membrane fusion involved in cytogamy

The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround cells, that contributes to cytogamy.


compound eye pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


preQ1 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine + 2 NADP+ = 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + 3 H+ + 2 NADPH.


positive regulation of trichoblast fate specification

Any process that induces or promotes trichoblast fate specification.


limonene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.


regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.


chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex.


coenzyme F420-2 alpha-glutamyl ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420-2 + L-glutamate + GTP = coenzyme F420-3 + GDP + orthophosphate.


oxalate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + oxalate = CO2 + formate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose = UDP-4-keto-rhamnose.


ethylene receptor histidine kinase activity

Combining with ethylene and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


ecdysone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.


glucose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + acceptor = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.


modulation by symbiont of host anion transport

The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.


negative regulation of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery.


secondary neural tube formation

The formation of the neural tube by coalescence of mesenchymal cells followed by their conversion to epithelial cells to form a solid cord that subsequently hollows out (cavitates) to create a hollow tube. Secondary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the neural tube posterior to the posterior neuropore in mammals.


cystic duct development

The progression of the cystic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cystic duct runs from the gallbladder to the common bile duct.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + H+(out) = malate(in) + H+(in).


adhesion of symbiont to microvasculature

The adherence of symbiont-infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium via symbiont proteins embedded in the membrane of the erythrocyte.


disruption by virus of host TRAF-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or stops TRAF-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 2 H+ = CO2 + D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate + H2O.


negative regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa biosynthetic process.


sensory perception of fast pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds.


negative regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.


ionotropic olfactory receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific odorant has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


response to ciliary neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.


siderophore uptake transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(in) + H+(in).


The disaggregation of a protein-carbohydrate complex into its constituent components.


positive regulation of xanthophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.


peptidyl-cysteine modification

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


diphosphate hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + H+(in) + H2O = 2 H+(out) + 2 phosphate.


aggregation involved in sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


histone H2BK12 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


negative regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


protein localization to cortical microtubule cytoskeleton

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton.


selenite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: SeO3(2-) + 3NADPH + 5H+ = H2Se + 3NADP+ + 3H2O.


mimosinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-mimosine + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4H-pyrid-4-one + L-serine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamate + ATP + NH4 = 4-methylene-L-glutamine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O + OH- = 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + 4 H+ + 4 e- + methylamine.


NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.


cellular response to nickel ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel ion stimulus.


oligogalacturonide lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate = 2 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate.


hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexachlorocyclohexane, a cyclohexane derivative with 6 chlorine atoms attached to the hexane ring. Hexachlorocyclohexane consists of a mixture of 8 different isomers and was used a commercial insecticide. It is persistent in the environment, causing serious soil pollution.


response to putrescine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a putrescine stimulus.


negative regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


D(-)-tartrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tartrate = H2O + oxaloacetate.


positive regulation of ductus arteriosus closure

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.


negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin-I dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prostaglandin I(2) = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin I(2) + H+ + NADPH.


response to interleukin-17

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


ferric triacetylfusarinine C:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric triacetylfusarinine C(out) + H+(out) = ferric triacetylfusarinine C(in) + H+(in).


lactate racemization

Partial conversion of one lactate enantiomer into another so that the specific optical rotation is decreased, or even reduced to zero, in the resulting mixture.


regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


momilactone-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-9beta-pimara-7,15-diene-19,6beta-olide + NAD(P) = momilactone A + H+ + NAD(P)H.


xylan binding

Binding to xylan.


regulation of lymphatic vessel size

Any process that modulates the size of lymphatic vessels.


negative regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


ISG15 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y = Y-ISG15 + X, where both the X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


acetolactate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate = (R)-2-acetoin + CO2.


formyl-CoA transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + oxalate = formate + oxalyl-CoA.


translocation of peptides or proteins into host

The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


oxamate carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + oxamate = oxalurate + phosphate.


left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.


3-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 3-phenanthrylsulfate.


anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


specification of segmental identity, labial segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the labial segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


negative regulation of cation transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.


mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


alkylglycerone kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-alkylglycerone + ATP = O-alkylglycerone phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone + NAD+ = mentha-1,3-dione + NADH + H+.


regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination

A histone ubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is added to a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.


platelet-derived growth factor production

The appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


beta-amylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n+1) + H2O = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n-1) + alpha-maltose. This reaction is the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


basement membrane disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion

A process that results in the breakdown of the basement membrane that contributes to the process of semicircular canal fusion.


unidirectional conjugation

The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells. Some or all of the chromosome(s) of the donor cell is transferred into the recipient cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxypyridine + AH(2) + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxypyridine + A + H2O.


cellulosome assembly

The assembly of a cellulosome, a macromolecular multi-enzyme complex in bacteria that facilitates the breakdown of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectin in the plant cell wall.


protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine

The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine.


respiratory chain complex II assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II.


peptidyl-threonine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine.


myxospore formation

The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed, usually within a fruiting body by Myxobacteria. The myxospore is more resistant to high temperature, dessication, and UV than vegetative myxobacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methyladenine.


negative regulation of seed maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


B cell positive selection

Any process in which B cells are selected to survive based on signaling through the B cell antigen receptor.


positive regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


regulation of heptasaccharide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.


unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-O-(4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose(1-) + H2O <=> (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + alpha-L-rhamnopyranose.


quinone cofactor methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine during the synthesis of quinone cofactors such as ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), menaquinone (vitamin K2), plastoquinone and phylloquinone (vitamin K1).


negative regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


regulation of lyase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.


cleistothecium formation

The process of producing a cleistothecium, a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci. Cleistothecia are present in some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + H2O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide.


negative regulation of thymocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.


positive regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


immunoglobulin-mediated neutralization

The inhibition of an antigen's biological effects by antibody binding to it. An example is neutralization of diphtheria toxin by preventing its entry into human cells via the binding of antibody specific for diphtheria toxin.


establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction.


specification of segmental identity, antennal segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the antennal segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. cytoskeleton reorganization.


The methylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-methionine.


chloroplast accumulation movement

The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 14betaH-scalarane-17alpha-19-diol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


actin-dependent intracellular transport of virus

The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, within the host cell cytoplasm via the host's actin filaments. Actin-dependent transport is induced by viral proteins that interact with actin and/or host cell motor proteins like myosins or that promotes actin polymerization/depolymerization reactions.


metanephric long descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.


tensidol B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol B.


primary shoot apical meristem specification

The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers.


inhibition of host CRISPR-cas system by virus

A process by which a virus inhibits the CRISPR-cas system of its host.


(+)-beta-barbatene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-beta-barbatene + diphosphoric acid.


oculomotor nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the oculomotor nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) from one protein to another molecule, usually another protein, via the reaction X-SCP + Y = Y-SCP + X, where both the X-SCP and Y-SCP linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SCP and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


response to auxin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.


linalool 8-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linalool + O2 = (2E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-diene-1,6-diol + A + H2O.


galacturonan binding

Binding to a simple or complex galacturonan. Galacturonan is any glycan composed solely of galacturonic acid residues, a specific type of glycuronan, and a constituent of some pectins.


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in cytogamy

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules forming part of a cell wall that contribute to cytogamy.


membrane tag activity

A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to a lipid, where it acts as a marker for a membrane, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as autophagy.


larval midgut cell programmed cell death

The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ.


regulation of zoospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.


negative regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


tRNA U34 sulfurtransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uridine34 in tRNA + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 2-thiouridine34 in tRNA + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.


CTP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CTP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> rubusoside + UDP + H+.


bilobe structure assembly

The assembly and organization of a bilobe structure, a cytoskeletal structure in some kinetoplastid species linking the structures of the ciliary pocket collar and the flagellum attachment zone (aka cilium attachment zone).


tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).


positive regulation of response to food

Any process that activates, maintains, or increases the rate of a response to a food stimulus.


regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle modulating contraction

Any process that modulates velocity of shortening of a skeletal muscle contraction. The shortening leads to reduction of the length of muscle fibers and sarcomeres.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine = N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorobenzoate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA.


myosin heavy chain kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-heavy-chain = ADP + myosin-heavy-chain phosphate.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-1-thioglycine from other compounds, including peptidyl-glycine.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol oxoanion + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3-O-methylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


lysine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NAD+ = 1,2-didehydropiperidine-2-carboxylate + NH3 + NADH.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Q nucleoside precursor 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine, also known as 2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile or preQo.


FAT10 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-FAT10 + S = X + S-FAT10, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-FAT10 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-FAT10 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of FAT10 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


haltere disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the haltere disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a haltere imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.


maltodextrin phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: maltodextrin = glucose-1-phosphate.


cellular response to magnesium starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.


detection of nutrient

The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


ciliary centrin arm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a ciliary centrin arm, a rod-shaped protein complex containing Centrin4 protein that flanks the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) filament and the quartet microtubules.


D-arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.


S-lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


non-kinase phorbol ester receptor activity

Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal by a mechanism independent of kinase activity.


leaf pavement cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an leaf pavement cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a leaf pavement cell fate.


cellodextrin binding

Binding to a cellodextrin, a glucose polymer of 2 or more glucose monomers.


regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


parthenolide 3beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: parthenolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 3beta-hydroxyparthenolide + NADP + H2O.


bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swarming motility

Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility in which the action of numerous flagella results in the smooth movement of a group of cells along a solid surface. Swarming motility is observed in groups of bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


maleimide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maleimide = H+ + maleamate.


Catalysis of the successive hydrolysis of beta-D-glucose units from the non-reducing ends of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, releasing alpha-glucose.


snRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Activity that provides specificity to a methylase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific 2'-O-ribose methylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


violaceol I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of violaceol I.


granulysin production

The appearance of granulysin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


lateral sprouting involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

The process in which a branch forms along the side of a ureteric bud.


release of seed from dormancy

The process in which the dormant state is broken in a seed. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated upon release.


conjugation with cellular fusion

A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


galactarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactarate, an anion of galactaric acid, the meso-aldaric acid derived from both D- and L-galactose.


Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + a glycogen <=> n a maltodextrin.


URM1 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y = Y-URM1 + X, where both the X-URM1 and Y-URM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


meso-tartrate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-tartrate + NAD+ = dihydroxyfumarate + H+ + NADH.


nucleotide-sugar biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and the other dehydrogenated

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and the latter donor is dehydrogenated.


aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor

The oxidation of hydrogen (H2) to water (H2O), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. A hydrogenase enzyme binds H2 and the hydrogen atoms are passed through an electron transfer chain to O2 to form water.


maintenance of meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


translocation of DNA into host

The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.


pronephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


aromatic primary alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic primary alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = catechol + NADH + H+.


regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.


heteroduplex formation involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules resulting in the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences.


protein S-linked glycosylation via cysteine

The glycosylation of protein via the sulfur atom of peptidyl-cysteine, forming S-glycosyl-L-cysteine.


regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.


E-phenylitaconyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: E-phenylitaconyl-CoA + H2O = (hydroxymethylphenyl)succinyl-CoA.


dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


cell proliferation in hindbrain

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain.


establishment of petal orientation

The process that determines the orientation of petals with reference to the central axis.


regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.


response to ceramide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ceramide stimulus.


biological phase

A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle.


terpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + beta-alanine betaine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+.


[cytochrome c]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytochrome c L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cytochrome c N6-methyl-L-lysine. This is the addition of a methyl group to the N6 atom of a lysine residue in cytochrome c.


psoralen synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-marmesin + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> psoralen + NADP + acetone + 2 H2O.


p-cresol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cresol.


tricarboxylic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


cellular response to aldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldehyde stimulus.


entry of viral genome into host nucleus via docking of viral capsid to the nuclear pore complex and injection of viral genome

Viral penetration into the host nucleus where the where a viral capsid docks on the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and ejects the viral genome through the pore into the nucleoplasm.


serine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of serine from one side of a membrane to the other. Serine is 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


sulfate assimilation via adenylyl sulfate reduction

The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is activated, reduced and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the activated sulfate, adenylyl-sulfate, is reduced to sulfite by the activity of adenylyl-sulfate reductase.


positive regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.


coenzyme gamma-F420-2 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme gamma-F420-2 (F420-2; coenzyme F420; N-{N-[O-(7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin phospho)-(S)-lactyl]-gamma-L-glutamyl}-L-glutamate), the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+-)-trans-acenaphthene-1,2-diol + 2 NADP+ = acenaphthene-1,2-dione + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.


menarche

The beginning of the menstrual cycle; the first menstrual cycle in an individual.


intracellular acyl-CoA homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of acyl-CoA within a cell.


pancreatic PP cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus via nuclear envelope disassembly

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus that involves disruption of the nuclear membrane envelope by the virus.


melilotate 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H2O + NAD+.


nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.


CCL2-activated CCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a C-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


alpha-zeacarotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-zeacarotene.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N2-methylguanine.


corticosteroid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by corticosteroid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


oxanine DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated guanine where the resulting base (oxanine) is generated by NO- or HNO2-induced nitrosative deamination.


type II hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


negative regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


anaerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.


positive regulation of horizontal cell localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of horizontal cell localization.


D-glucosamine PTS permease activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a [PTS enzyme I]-Npi-phospho-L-histidine + D-glucosamine <=> D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + a [PTS enzyme I]-L-histidine.


ventral furrow formation

Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.


limb epidermis stratification

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the epidermis of the limb in space to define a volume in which specific patterns of basal cell, spinous cell and granular cells will differentiate giving rise to the layers of the limb epidermis.


glutamine sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of glutamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 7-hydroxyisoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 7-methoxyisoflavone.


lipid sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a lipid.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + reduced ferredoxin.


versiconal hemiacetal acetate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versiconol acetate + NADP <=> versiconal hemiacetal acetate + NADPH.


response to purvalanol A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.


cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-bis-L-cysteine.


mitochondrial inner membrane fusion

The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial inner membranes to form a single membrane.


signal transduction involved in filamentous growth

Relaying of environmental signals promoting filamentous growth.


heme B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme B, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


antifungal peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antifungal peptide.


4-hydroxymandelate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + CO2 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H+.


symbiont-mediated cAMP intoxication of host cell

The production by a symbiont of high levels of cyclic AMP in a host cell, impairing host cellular functions in multiple ways, including ATP depletion, interference with host intracellular signaling, cytoskeletal defects and apoptosis-related cell death. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = (9-D-ribosylxanthine)-5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


histone H3 kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H3.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-alanine.


metal incorporation into metallo-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of a metal into a metallo-molybdopterin complex.


negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


hypoglossal nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


peptidyl-serine decanoylation

The decanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


sporopollenin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sporopollenin, a primary constituent of the pollen exine layer.


glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-glutaconyl-CoA + H+ = but-2-enoyl-CoA + CO2.


kanamycin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + kanamycin = ADP + 2 H+ + kanamycin 3'-phosphate.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-RNA)-L-tyrosine.


positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


anterior lateral line neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing anterior lateral line.


amyloplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an amyloplast. An amyloplast is a plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.


Langerhans cell chemotaxis

The movement of a Langerhans cell in response to an external stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate + ATP = 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA + diphosphate + AMP.


polysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


D-fuconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-fuconate + H2O.


5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate + H2O = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate + NH3 + CO2.


metanephric short descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology.


cellular response to ecdysone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.


virion attachment to host cell pilus

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a pilus on the host cell surface. Pili are retractile filaments that protrude from gram-negative bacteria. Filamentous viruses can attach to the pilus tip, whereas icosahedral viruses can attach to the pilus side.


regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in primitive streak formation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the formation of the primitive streak.


negative regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.


peturbation by virus of host exit from mitosis

A process in which a virus interferes with the host cell completing the M phase of the cell cycle.


RNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation

Splicing of RNA via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.


arylmalonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aryl-2-methylmalonate + H+ = 2-arylpropionate + CO2.


carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on phosphates

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of a phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + H2O = a phosphatidate + CMP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cholesterol = UDP + cholesteryl beta-D-glucoside + H+.


peptidyl-aspartic acid modification

The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid.


phagosome maturation involved in apoptotic cell clearance

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell and contributes to apoptotic cell clearance. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome.


regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + 2''-nucleotidylaminoglycoside.


effector-mediated perturbation of host innate immune response by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of phospholipid efflux

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.


Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate + L-cysteine + L-valine + 3 ATP + H2O = N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + 3 AMP + 3 diphosphate + 6 H+.


response to dsDNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.


forebrain astrocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte residing in the forebrain. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


cytoplasm protein quality control

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are either targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation or protected by chaperones to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.


hydrogen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of H2 (dihydrogen).


phosphotransferase activity, phosphate group as acceptor

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a phosphate group (acceptor).


negative regulation of response to food

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.


female germline ring canal formation, actin assembly

Recruitment and organization of actin filaments in female germline ring canals.


acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3',4',5'-tetramethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


chorismate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chorismate, the anion of (3R-trans)-3-((1-carboxyethenyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid.


regulation of peptide antigen transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-threonine + H+ = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate + CO2.


O antigen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(out) + H+(out) = 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(in) + H+(in).


cleistothecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cleistothecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


steroid 22-alpha hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-campestanaol + O2 = 6-deoxocathasterone + H2O.


positive regulation of lung alveolus development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.


phenol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = catechol + NADP+ + H2O.


mammillotectal axonal tract development

The progression of the mammillotectal tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillotectal tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the superior colliculus.


aromatic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.


benzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzene.


histone H3-K36 demethylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 36 of the histone.


closure of embryonic heart tube

Creation of the central hole of the embryonic heart tube by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.


response to tumor cell

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.


regulation of ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway.


pons reticulospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.


response to leptomycin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.


proboscis morphogenesis, eye-antennal disc-derived

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine.


W-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


geraniol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NAD+.


indole 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole + O2 = 2-formamidobenzaldehyde.


carotenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.


negative regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.


L-arabitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


negative regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


voluntary skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within voluntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the voluntary skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and it is under voluntary control. Voluntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is under conscious control.


decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a decanoyl (CH3-[CH2]8-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity, forward reaction

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor -> 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


cytosine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of tube length, open tracheal system

Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length.


postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity

Neurotransmitter receptor activity occuring in the postsynaptic membrane during synaptic transmission.


determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry

Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis.


symbiont-mediated activation of host inflammasome-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont subverts an inflammasome-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ocellus photoreceptor cell development

Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus.


neuromast support cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.


glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.


negative regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


(13S)-vitexifolin A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:9alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = (13S)-vitexifolin A + diphosphate.


geraniol 10-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + NADP + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: polyprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = polyprenylphosphate-glucose + UDP.


abscisic acid binding

Binding to abscisic acid, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


PEP carboxykinase C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).


cellular response to formaldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formaldehyde stimulus.


glioblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a glioblast into daughter cells.


histone H2A-K119 monoubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group to lysine-119 (H2A- K119) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms.


alpha-1,4-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n = RDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n+1, where RDP is ADP or UDP.


sphingolipid biosynthesis involved in endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids that contributes to endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nitrate(out) + H+(out) = nitrate(in) + H+(in).


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


parasexual reproduction with cellular fusion

A type of reproduction in which new individuals are produced from two individuals, with the fusion of two somatic cells.


organellar voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. The membrane is an organellar membrane.


sperm incapacitation

The process in which the use of stored sperm from the first-mating male is inhibited by the seminal fluid of subsequently mating males.


regulation of cornification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.