regulation of centriole replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole.


regulation of endoribonuclease activity

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation by dsRNA

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation as a cellular response to double-stranded RNA.


regulation of mRNA stability involved in cellular response to UV

Any regulation of mRNA stability that is involved in cellular response to UV.


large ribosomal subunit

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The larger of the two subunits of a ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


small ribosomal subunit

The smaller of the two subunits of a ribosome.


TPM3_HUMAN Tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (sprot)

A tropomyosin alpha-3 chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


muscle thin filament tropomyosin

A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments.


ITAV_HUMAN Integrin alpha-V (sprot)

An integrin alpha-V that is encoded in the genome of human.


opsonin binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to an opsonin, such as a complement component or antibody, deposited on the surface of a bacteria, virus, immune complex, or other particulate material.


transforming growth factor beta binding

Binding to TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types.


extracellular matrix protein binding

Binding to a protein that is part of an extracellular matrix.


positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


transforming growth factor beta production

The appearance of any member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Transforming growth factor-beta family members include TGF-B1, TGF-B2, and TGF-B3.


entry into host cell by a symbiont-containing vacuole

The invasion by a symbiont of a cell of a host organism, forming a vacuole in which the symbiont resides. The vacuole membrane is formed from lipids and proteins derived from both host and symbiont. Begins when the symbiont attaches on to the host cell membrane which invaginates and deepens as the symbiont enters, and ends when the host cell membrane closes behind the newly-formed vacuole.


regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta activation.


integrin alphav-beta8 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta8 subunit.


integrin alphav-beta5 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta5 subunit.


integrin alphav-beta6 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta6 subunit.


CRF_HUMAN Corticoliberin (sprot)

A corticoliberin that is encoded in the genome of human.


corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding

Binding to a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1). CRHR1 is the major subtype in the pituitary corticotroph, and mediates the stimulatory actions of corticotropin-releasing hormone on corticotropin hormone secretion. CRHR1 are also located in cortical areas of the brain, cerebellum and limbic system.


corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 binding

Binding to a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 2 (CRHR2). The CRHR2 has several splice variants that are located in sub-cortical areas of the brain and in the periphery.


synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

The vesicular release of dopamine. from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


parturition

The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.


negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.


regulation of serotonin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


response to ether

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.


monoatomic ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic ions within an organism or cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.


positive regulation of corticotropin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin hormone from a cell.


positive regulation of cortisol secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.


positive regulation of digestive system process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


cellular response to cocaine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.


positive regulation of corticosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.


LIPL_HUMAN Lipoprotein lipase (sprot)

A lipoprotein lipase that is encoded in the genome of human.


lipoprotein lipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate, where the triacylglycerol is part of a lipoprotein.


triglyceride lipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate.


phospholipase A1 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylserine + H2O = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + fatty acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine + H2O = sn-glycerol-phosphoserine + a carboxylate.


cellular response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


low-density lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of low-density lipoprotein particle.


positive regulation of adipose tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development.


HEXA_HUMAN Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha (sprot)

A beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosalaminyl-[glycan] = N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine + a glycan.


ganglioside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying, in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic residues.


glycosaminoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.


dermatan sulfate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase complex

A protein complex which is capable of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity.


KLK1_HUMAN Kallikrein-1 (sprot)

A kallikrein-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


H2B1J_HUMAN Histone H2B type 1-J (sprot)

A histone H2B type 1-J that is encoded in the genome of human.


GDN_HUMAN Glia-derived nexin (sprot)

A glia-derived nexin that is encoded in the genome of human.


cerebellar granular layer morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar granular layer is generated and organized. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


secretion by cell

The controlled release of a substance by a cell.


secretory granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.


mating plug formation

The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males.


regulation of timing of cell differentiation

The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the XXX at a consistent predetermined time point during its development.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


seminal vesicle epithelium development

The progression of the seminal vesicle epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


LIPF_HUMAN Gastric triacylglycerol lipase (sprot)

A gastric triacylglycerol lipase that is encoded in the genome of human.


malate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reversible conversion of pyruvate or oxaloacetate to malate.


malate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


HYEP_HUMAN Epoxide hydrolase 1 (sprot)

An epoxide hydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


epoxide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an epoxide + H2O = a glycol.


cis-stilbene-oxide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-stilbene oxide + H2O = (+)-(1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol.


aromatic compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.


epoxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving epoxides, compounds in which an oxygen atom is directly attached to two adjacent or non-adjacent carbon atoms of a carbon chain or ring system; thus cyclic ethers.


TY3H_HUMAN Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (sprot)

A tyrosine 3-monooxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


tetrahydrobiopterin binding

Binding to a tetrahydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin or a derivative thereof; tetrahydrobiopterins are enzyme cofactors that carry electrons in redox reactions.


dopamine binding

Binding to dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter formed by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine.


dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.


aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle

The active transport of aminergic neurotransmitters into a synaptic vesicle. This import is fuelled by an electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane, established by the action proton pumps.


glycoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.


phthalate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid. Phthalic acid diesters are used industrially in the production of a variety of household and consumer goods including plastic polymers, lubricating oils, and carriers for perfumes in cosmetics, while phthalic acid itself is used industrially as a plasticizer. Terephthalate is used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (polyethene terephthlate, abbreviated PET or PETE), a plastic polymer with many commercial uses.


isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.


terpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons that are made up of isoprene (C5H8) units which may be cyclic, acyclic or multicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain various functional groups.


epinephrine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


norepinephrine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


circadian sleep/wake cycle

The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.


embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during embryonic development.


phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


cellular response to alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


hyaloid vascular plexus regression

The developmental process in which the hyaloid vascular plexus is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.


ACBP_HUMAN Acyl-CoA-binding protein (sprot)

An acyl-CoA-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylcholine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylcholine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


negative regulation of protein lipidation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein lipidation.


protein-lipid complex

A macromolecular complex containing separate protein and lipid molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.


FABPL_HUMAN Fatty acid-binding protein, liver (sprot)

A fatty acid-binding protein, liver that is encoded in the genome of human.


heterocyclic compound binding

Binding to heterocyclic compound.


positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation.


apical cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the apical edge of a cell.


LDHB_HUMAN L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain (sprot)

An L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


NFL_HUMAN Neurofilament light polypeptide (sprot)

A neurofilament light polypeptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


neurofilament bundle assembly

The assembly of neurofilaments into bundles, in which the filaments are longitudinally oriented, with numerous crossbridges between them. Neurofilament bundles may be cross-linked to each other, to membrane-bounded organelles or other cytoskeletal structures such as microtubules.


intermediate filament polymerization or depolymerization

Assembly or disassembly of intermediate filaments by the addition or removal of component parts from a filament.


motor neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprised of intermediate filament and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic cytoskeleton.


response to sodium arsenite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium arsenite stimulus.


response to acrylamide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acrylamide stimulus.


presynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse.


NFM_HUMAN Neurofilament medium polypeptide (sprot)

A neurofilament medium polypeptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


neurofibrillary tangle

Intracellular mass of paired, helically wound protein filaments (also called PHF) lying in the cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies and neuritic cell processes. Neurofibrillary tangles contain an abnormally phosphorylated form of a microtubule-associated protein, tau. The shape of these inclusions may resemble a flame or a star.


CENPB_HUMAN Major centromere autoantigen B (sprot)

A major centromere autoantigen B that is encoded in the genome of human.


PERT_HUMAN Thyroid peroxidase (sprot)

A thyroid peroxidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


iodide peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iodide + H2O2 = iodine + 2 H2O.


embryonic hemopoiesis

The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo.


GPX1_HUMAN Glutathione peroxidase 1 (sprot)

A glutathione peroxidase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + 2 glutathione = a hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O.


endothelial cell development

The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization.


TRBM_HUMAN Thrombomodulin (sprot)

A thrombomodulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


vacuolar membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.


PGK2_HUMAN Phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (sprot)

A phosphoglycerate kinase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PROS_HUMAN Vitamin K-dependent protein S (sprot)

A vitamin K-dependent protein S that is encoded in the genome of human.


PDIA1_HUMAN Protein disulfide-isomerase (sprot)

A protein disulfide-isomerase that is encoded in the genome of human.


peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase.


thiol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R'C(R)SH + O2 = R'C(R)S-S(R)CR' + 2 H2O2.


insulin processing

The formation of mature insulin by proteolysis of the precursor preproinsulin. The signal sequence is first cleaved from preproinsulin to form proinsulin; proinsulin is then cleaved to release the C peptide, leaving the A and B chains of mature insulin linked by disulfide bridges.


protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum

A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-23 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and succinate from procollagen L-proline and 2-oxoglutarate, requiring Fe2+ and ascorbate. Contains two alpha subunits that contribute to most parts of the catalytic sites, and two beta subunits that are identical to protein-disulfide isomerase.


endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex

A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is composed of chaperone proteins, including BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.


KLK3_HUMAN Prostate-specific antigen (sprot)

A prostate-specific antigen that is encoded in the genome of human.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amides

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amide.


positive regulation of antibacterial peptide production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.


H10_HUMAN Histone H1.0 (sprot)

A histone H1.0 that is encoded in the genome of human.


minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding

Binding to a DNA structure formed by the minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA regions. Examples of proteins having this function are AT-rich interaction domain (ARID)-containing proteins.


ASGR1_HUMAN Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (sprot)

An asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


asialoglycoprotein receptor activity

Receiving an asialoglycoprotein, and delivering the asialoglycoprotein into the cell via endocytosis. An asialoglycoprotein is a plasma glycoproteins from which the terminal sialic acid residue on their complex carbohydrate groups has been removed. The asialoglycoprotein receptor recognizes the terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine units of the asialoglycoprotein, the receptor-ligand complex is internalized and transported to a sorting organelle where disassociation occurs before the receptor is recycled to the cell membrane.


cellular response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.


ASGR2_HUMAN Asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 (sprot)

An asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment

A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.


ACYP1_HUMAN Acylphosphatase-1 (sprot)

An acylphosphatase-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRGC_HUMAN Gamma-crystallin C (sprot)

A gamma-crystallin C that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRGB_HUMAN Gamma-crystallin B (sprot)

A gamma-crystallin B that is encoded in the genome of human.


lens fiber cell morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


CRGD_HUMAN Gamma-crystallin D (sprot)

A gamma-crystallin D that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADH1A_HUMAN Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (sprot)

An alcohol dehydrogenase 1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


butanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanal + NADH + H+ => n-butanol + NAD+.


FES_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase Fes/Fps (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein kinase Fes/Fps that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of microtubule polymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.


positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.


CSF1R_HUMAN Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (sprot)

A macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of macrophage proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage proliferation.


macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

Combining with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


forebrain neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.


macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cell-cell junction maintenance

The maintenance of junctions between cells.


regulation of macrophage migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.


CSF1-CSF1R complex

A protein complex consisting of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1, also called M-CSF) dimer bound to a dimerized receptor (CSF1R, also called FMS). Receptor dimerization requires the presence of the ligand.


CATD_HUMAN Cathepsin D (sprot)

A cathepsin D that is encoded in the genome of human.


aspartic-type peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


insulin receptor recycling

The process that results in the return of an insulin receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive an insulin signal. Internalized insulin receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


insulin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin.


ANXA2_HUMAN Annexin A2 (sprot)

An annexin A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein receptors.


positive regulation of vacuole organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.


positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance.


positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.


positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity.


positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated endocytosis involved in cholesterol transport.


positive regulation of plasma membrane repair

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane repair.


myelin sheath adaxonal region

The region of the myelin sheath nearest to the axon.


PCSK9-AnxA2 complex

A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and annexin A2 (AnxA2).


AnxA2-p11 complex

A heterotetrameric protein complex comprising two Annexin A2 (AnxA2) monomers and two copies of its binding partner, S100 protein p11 (S100A10).


CO8A_HUMAN Complement component C8 alpha chain (sprot)

A complement component C8 alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


CO8B_HUMAN Complement component C8 beta chain (sprot)

A complement component C8 beta chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


GP1BA_HUMAN Platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain (sprot)

A platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.


glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex

A transmembrane signaling receptor complex found exclusively on platelets. Involved in haemostasis and thrombosis where it aids blood coagulation.


CO8G_HUMAN Complement component C8 gamma chain (sprot)

A complement component C8 gamma chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAN1_HUMAN Calpain-1 catalytic subunit (sprot)

A calpain-1 catalytic subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


mammary gland involution

The tissue remodeling that removes differentiated mammary epithelia during weaning.


TBB5_HUMAN Tubulin beta chain (sprot)

A tubulin beta chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


MT1B_HUMAN Metallothionein-1B (sprot)

A metallothionein-1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAH3_HUMAN Carbonic anhydrase 3 (sprot)

A carbonic anhydrase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nickel cation binding

Binding to a nickel (Ni) cation.


INVO_HUMAN Involucrin (sprot)

An involucrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to UV-B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.


isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine

The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glutamine to produce N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine.


TRY1_HUMAN Serine protease 1 (sprot)

A serine protease 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRY2_HUMAN Trypsin-2 (sprot)

A trypsin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


antimicrobial humoral response

An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus.


GRP_HUMAN Gastrin-releasing peptide (sprot)

A gastrin-releasing peptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to external biotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.


negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange.


negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated sodium channel activity.


CASK_HUMAN Kappa-casein (sprot)

A kappa-casein that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACHG_HUMAN Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma (sprot)

An acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADRB2_HUMAN Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (sprot)

A beta-2 adrenergic receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


beta2-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta2-adrenergic receptors.


norepinephrine binding

Binding to norepinephrine, (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol), a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


diet induced thermogenesis

The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signaling in the sympathetic nervous system.


desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway by arrestin

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by uncoupling the receptor from its downstream G proteins.


activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity.


heat generation

Any homeostatic process in which an organism produces heat, thereby raising its internal temperature.


positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity.


positive regulation of AMPA receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.


PGS2_HUMAN Decorin (sprot)

A decorin that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring compression resistance

A constituent of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to resist compressive forces; often a proteoglycan.


SAP_HUMAN Prosaposin (sprot)

A prosaposin that is encoded in the genome of human.


ganglioside GM1 binding

Binding to ganglioside GM1.


ganglioside GM2 binding

Binding to ganglioside GM2.


ganglioside GM3 binding

Binding to ganglioside GM3.


ganglioside GT1b binding

Binding to ganglioside GT1b.


ganglioside GP1c binding

Binding to ganglioside GP1c.


positive regulation of beta-galactosidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.


ganglioside GM1 transport to membrane

The directed movement of ganglioside GM1 to membrane.


HEXB_HUMAN Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta (sprot)

A beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


male courtship behavior

The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


chondroitin sulfate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


astrocyte cell migration

The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.


cortical granule

A secretory vesicle that is stored under the cell membrane of an egg. These vesicles fuse with the egg plasma membrane as part of egg activation and are part of the block to polyspermy.


CATL1_HUMAN Procathepsin L (sprot)

A procathepsin L that is encoded in the genome of human.


serpin family protein binding

Binding to a member of the serpin protein family (serine protease inhibitors or classified inhibitor family I4). Serpins are a broadly distributed family of protease inhibitors that use a conformational change to inhibit target enzymes. They are central in controlling many important proteolytic cascades. The majority of serpins inhibit serine proteases, but serpins that inhibit caspases and papain-like cysteine proteases have also been identified. Rarely, serpins perform a non-inhibitory function; for example, several human serpins function as hormone transporters and certain serpins function as molecular chaperones or tumor suppressors.


fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane

Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell membrane during viral entry. Results in release of the virion contents into the cytoplasm.


receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell

Any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell.


enkephalin processing

The formation of mature enkephalin, a pentapeptide hormone involved in regulating pain and nociception in the body by proteolytic processing of enkephalin propeptide.


fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane

Fusion of a virus membrane with a host endosome membrane. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the virus contents into the cell.


antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC protein complex on its cell surface, including proteolysis and transport steps for the peptide antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.


elastin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin. Elastin is a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.


macrophage apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.


cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus.


endolysosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.


chromaffin granule

Specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.


PROF1_HUMAN Profilin-1 (sprot)

A profilin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


modification of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton

Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


PMGE_HUMAN Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (sprot)

A bisphosphoglycerate mutase that is encoded in the genome of human.


bisphosphoglycerate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate = 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate.


2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate; this reaction mechanism uses 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as a phosphate donor.


nucleoside phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside.


carbohydrate derivative catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative.


APT_HUMAN Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (sprot)

An adenine phosphoribosyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + diphosphate = adenine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


CD3E_HUMAN T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain (sprot)

A CD3 epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


T cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy in T cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of T cell tolerance induction.


SYEP_HUMAN Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase (sprot)

A bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase that is encoded in the genome of human.


glutamate-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + tRNA(Glu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).


proline-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-proline + tRNA(Pro) = AMP + diphosphate + L-prolyl-tRNA(Pro).


glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamic acid-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. The prolyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a methionine-accetping tRNA.


regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


CATB_HUMAN Cathepsin B (sprot)

A cathepsin B that is encoded in the genome of human.


LDHC_HUMAN L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain (sprot)

An L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.


HS90A_HUMAN Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha (sprot)

A heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


UTP binding

Binding to UTP, uridine 5'-triphosphate.


CTP binding

Binding to CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.


sulfonylurea receptor binding

Binding to a sulfonylurea receptor, a regulatory subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium ion channel.


dATP binding

Binding to dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate.


Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding

Binding to a Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.


positive regulation of tau-protein kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tau-protein kinase activity.


telomerase holoenzyme complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomerase holoenzyme complex.


sperm mitochondrial sheath

The tightly packed helical sheath of ATP-producing mitochondria restricted to the midpiece of the sperm flagellum.


GALT_HUMAN Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (sprot)

A galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose.


galactose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.


HNRPC_HUMAN Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 (sprot)

A heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.


UROM_HUMAN Uromodulin (sprot)

A uromodulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


organ or tissue specific immune response

An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.


response to water deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.


intracellular chloride ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of chloride ions within a cell.


regulation of urine volume

Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


citric acid secretion

The controlled release of citric acid, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, by a cell or a tissue.


regulation of protein transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


micturition

The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body.


metanephric ascending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric ascending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent.


metanephric thick ascending limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric thick ascending limb is the last part of the metanephric loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.


protein localization to vacuole

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole.


connective tissue replacement

The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared.


renal urate salt excretion

The elimination of urate salt or uric acid from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


antibacterial innate immune response

An defense response against a bacteria mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


QCR6_HUMAN Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial (sprot)

A cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitochondrial respirasome

The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


LAMB1_HUMAN Laminin subunit beta-1 (sprot)

A laminin subunit beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


neuronal-glial interaction involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The changes in adhesion between neuronal cells and glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.


odontogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.


positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.


regulation of basement membrane organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, disassembly or arrangement of constituent parts of the basement membrane.


positive regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.


laminin-1 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


laminin-2 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


laminin-8 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


YES_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase Yes (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein kinase Yes that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of vascular permeability

Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


LYN_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycosphingolipid binding

Binding to glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


Binding to a protein upon phosphorylation of the target protein.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).


Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


tolerance induction to self antigen

Tolerance induction directed at self antigens.


negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.


immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of activating, perpetuating, or inhibiting an immune response.


Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


response to sterol depletion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


eosinophil differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specializes features of an eosinophil.


C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.


positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway.


positive regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.


positive regulation of mast cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.


regulation of monocyte chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte chemotaxis.


regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.


postsynaptic specialization, intracellular component

A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.


RET_HUMAN Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret (sprot)

A proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret that is encoded in the genome of human.


embryonic epithelial tube formation

The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.


posterior midgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Peyer's patch morphogenesis

The process in which a Peyer's patch is generated and organized. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of metanephric glomerulus development, the progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.


TPM2_HUMAN Tropomyosin beta chain (sprot)

A tropomyosin beta chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of ATP-dependent activity

Any process that modulates the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


FUMH_HUMAN Fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


fumarate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate = fumarate + H2O.


fumarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumarate, the anion of trans-1,2-ethenedicarboxylic acid, the diastereoisomer of maleate. It is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate.


tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex

Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle.


PSPB_HUMAN Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B (sprot)

A pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B that is encoded in the genome of human.


lamellar body

A membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion of various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.


ERCC1_HUMAN DNA excision repair protein ERCC-1 (sprot)

A DNA excision repair protein ERCC-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


3' overhang single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within 3' overhang single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repair

The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


mitotic recombination

The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region that occurs during mitotic cell cycles.


response to sucrose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.


negative regulation of telomere maintenance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.


telomeric DNA-containing double minutes formation

A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of small fragments of circular extrachromosomal DNA elements which contain telomeric DNA. It is speculated that telomeric DNA-containing double minutes are formed through a recombination event between the telomere and chromosome-internal TTAGGG-like sequences. Telomeric DNA-containing double minutes appear as two closely positioned dots in metaphase.


positive regulation of t-circle formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation.


negative regulation of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere.


nucleotide-excision repair complex

Any complex formed of proteins that act in nucleotide-excision repair.


nucleotide-excision repair factor 1 complex

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and endodeoxynuclease activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad1p, Rad10p, and Rad14p; in human the subunits are ERCC4/XPF, ERCC1 and XPA, respectively.


ERCC4-ERCC1 complex

A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that has endonuclease activity specific for bubble structures characteristic of certain DNA lesions. The subunits are known as XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1 in mammals, and Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae.


TSP1_HUMAN Thrombospondin-1 (sprot)

A thrombospondin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


fibrinogen binding

Binding to fibrinogen, a highly soluble hexameric glycoprotein complex that is found in blood plasma and is converted to fibrin by thrombin in the coagulation cascade.


collagen V binding

Binding to a type V collagen trimer.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.


negative regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling.


behavioral response to pain

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.


negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


RNAS1_HUMAN Ribonuclease pancreatic (sprot)

A ribonuclease pancreatic that is encoded in the genome of human.


ribonuclease A activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to 3'-phosphomononucleotides and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in C-P or U-P with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


CXB1_HUMAN Gap junction beta-1 protein (sprot)

A gap junction beta-1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


purine ribonucleotide transport

The directed movement of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.


SP1_HUMAN Transcription factor Sp1 (sprot)

A transcription factor Sp1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to wortmannin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.


positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process.


ZFY_HUMAN Zinc finger Y-chromosomal protein (sprot)

A zinc finger Y-chromosomal protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


IGF1R_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


insulin-like growth factor receptor activity

Combining with insulin-like growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


insulin-like growth factor binding

Binding to an insulin-like growth factor, any member of a group of polypeptides that are structurally homologous to insulin and share many of its biological activities, but are immunologically distinct from it.


cardiac atrium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.


transcytosis

The directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side.


positive regulation of axon regeneration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration.


positive regulation of DNA metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.


positive regulation of steroid hormone biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.


negative regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.


protein kinase complex

A protein complex which is capable of protein kinase activity.


OPSD_HUMAN Rhodopsin (sprot)

A rhodopsin that is encoded in the genome of human.


11-cis retinal binding

Binding to 11-cis retinal, an isomer of retinal that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin or visual purple. Retinal is one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.


G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity

Combining with incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


phototransduction, visible light

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.


absorption of visible light

The reception of a (visible light) photon by a cell, visible light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 380-780 nm.


rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by the excitation of rhodopsin by a photon, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


thermotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.


detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.


rod bipolar cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a rod bipolar cell.


rod photoreceptor outer segment

The outer segment of a vertebrate rod photoreceptor that contains sealed membrane discs that are not connected to the ciliary membrane and containing rhodopsin photoreceptor proteins.


sperm head plasma membrane

The plasma membrane that is part of the head section of a sperm cell.


A beta-microseminoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


CO1A2_HUMAN Collagen alpha-2(I) chain (sprot)

A collagen alpha-2(I) chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein heterotrimerization

The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.


ANXA6_HUMAN Annexin A6 (sprot)

An annexin A6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


RHOC_HUMAN Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC (sprot)

A Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of lipase activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


skeletal muscle satellite cell migration

The orderly movement of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from one site to another. Migration of these cells is a key step in the process of growth and repair of skeletal muscle cells.


TNR16_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


neurotrophin binding

Binding to a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.


dorsal aorta development

The progression of the dorsal aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


negative regulation of hair follicle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.


GLI1_HUMAN Zinc finger protein GLI1 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein GLI1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ventral midline development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate.


cerebellar cortex morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


notochord regression

The developmental process in which the stucture of the notochord is destroyed in an embryo.


positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition

Any signaling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.


regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


GLI-SUFU complex

A protein repressing GLI's transcription factor activity when SMO signaling is inactive. Upon ligand binding to the upstream receptor PTC (Patched) GLI dissociates from SUFU and activates transcription of hedgehog-target genes. In mammals it consists of SUFU and one of the GLI family proteins.


ACM2_HUMAN Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (sprot)

A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity

Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


arrestin family protein binding

Binding to a member of the arrestin family, proteins involved in agonist-mediated desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors.


G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


asymmetric synapse

A type of synapse occurring between an axon and a dendritic spine or dendritic shaft. Asymmetric synapses, the most abundant synapse type in the central nervous system, involve axons that contain predominantly spherical vesicles and contain a thickened postsynaptic density. Most or all synapses of this type are excitatory.


ACM4_HUMAN Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 (sprot)

A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of locomotion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.


DAF_HUMAN Complement decay-accelerating factor (sprot)

A complement decay-accelerating factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.


negative regulation of complement activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


MDR1_HUMAN ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (sprot)

An ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylethanolamine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


ceramide floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of ceramide from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


terpenoid transport

The directed movement of terpenoids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Terpenoids are a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and include derivatives with various functional groups.


regulation of response to osmotic stress

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress.


transepithelial transport

The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other.


ceramide translocation

The movement of a ceramide molecule from one leaflet of a membrane bilayer to the opposite leaflet.


positive regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


carboxylic acid transmembrane transport

The process in which carboxylic acid is transported across a membrane.


CBG_HUMAN Corticosteroid-binding globulin (sprot)

A corticosteroid-binding globulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


4F2_HUMAN Amino acid transporter heavy chain SLC3A2 (sprot)

A 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


neutral L-amino acid secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a neutral L-amino acid from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in).


aromatic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aromatic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Aromatic amino acids have an aromatic ring.


L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-alanine is the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


methionine transport

The directed movement of methionine, 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phenylalanine transport

The directed movement of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


proline transport

The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


tryptophan transport

The directed movement of tryptophan, 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


tyrosine transport

The directed movement of tyrosine, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


valine transport

The directed movement of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


leucine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of leucine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


L-histidine transport

The directed movement of a L-histidine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


L-leucine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of L-leucine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


L-alanine import across plasma membrane

The directed import of L-alanine from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


apical pole of neuron

Portion of a neuron cell soma closest to the point where the apical dendrite emerges.


amino acid transport complex

A heteromeric protein complex consisting of a multi-transmembrane spanning subunit (the light chain) and a type II glycoprotein subunit (the heavy chain) that functions to transport amino acids across a plasma membrane.


CEL2A_HUMAN Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A (sprot)

A chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A that is encoded in the genome of human.


keratohyalin granule

A cytoplasmic, non-membrane bound granule of, at least, keratinocyte. Associated to keratin intermediate filaments and partially crosslinked to the cell envelope.


CEL2B_HUMAN Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2B (sprot)

A chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2B that is encoded in the genome of human.


MCR_HUMAN Mineralocorticoid receptor (sprot)

A mineralocorticoid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


BGLR_HUMAN Beta-glucuronidase (sprot)

A beta-glucuronidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


beta-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4) linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.


PFKAM_HUMAN ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type (sprot)

An ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type that is encoded in the genome of human.


6-phosphofructokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose-6-phosphate = ADP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 6-phosphate, also known as F6P. The D-enantiomer is an important intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism.


glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide into pyruvate, occurring through a fructose-6-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of ATP and NADH.


glycolysis from storage polysaccharide through glucose-1-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a storage polysaccharide into pyruvate through a glucose-1-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD to NADH.


6-phosphofructokinase complex

A protein complex that possesses 6-phosphofructokinase activity; homodimeric, homooctameric, and allosteric homotetrameric forms are known.


HS90B_HUMAN Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta (sprot)

A heat shock protein HSP 90-beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein kinase regulator activity

Modulates the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion protein binds to molecules on the host cellular surface or host cell surface projection.


cellular response to interleukin-4

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.


negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transforming growth factor beta activation.


positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity.


HSP90-CDC37 chaperone complex

A protein kinase chaperone complex required for the proper folding, maturation and stabilization of target proteins (mostly signaling protein kinases, some steroid hormone receptors), usually during or immediately after completion of translation. The highly conserved, phosphorylated CDC37-Ser13 (vertebrates) or cdc37-Ser14 (yeast) is essential for complex assembly and target protein binding. CDC37-Ser13 (Ser14) is phosphorylated by Casein kinase II (CK2), which in turn is a target of CDC37 creating a positive feedback loop. Complex binding also prevents rapid ubiquitin-dependent proteosomal degradation of target proteins.


SRPRA_HUMAN Signal recognition particle receptor subunit alpha (sprot)

A signal recognition particle receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


cotranslational protein targeting to membrane

The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner, as does the import of some proteins into mitochondria.


SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence recognition

The process in which SRP binds to the signal peptide in a nascent protein, causing protein elongation to pause, during cotranslational membrane targeting.


signal recognition particle receptor complex

A transmembrane heterodimeric protein located in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both subunits contain GTPase domains with which signal recognition particle interacts. In the presence of GTP and SRP receptor, SRP is released from the ribosome-nascent chain complex.


ASNS_HUMAN Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] (sprot)

An asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] that is encoded in the genome of human.


asparagine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + L-glutamine = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine + L-glutamate.


L-asparagine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, (2S)-2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


ELNE_HUMAN Neutrophil elastase (sprot)

A neutrophil elastase that is encoded in the genome of human.


biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.


negative regulation of chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.


neutrophil-mediated killing of fungus

The directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.


SYPH_HUMAN Synaptophysin (sprot)

A synaptophysin that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


MMP2_HUMAN 72 kDa type IV collagenase (sprot)

A 72 kDa type IV collagenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


macrophage chemotaxis

The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


MMP3_HUMAN Stromelysin-1 (sprot)

A stromelysin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GSTA1_HUMAN Glutathione S-transferase A1 (sprot)

A glutathione S-transferase A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


steroid delta-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid.


glutathione derivative biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione derivative.


SODE_HUMAN Extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (sprot)

An extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] that is encoded in the genome of human.


CATG_HUMAN Cathepsin G (sprot)

A cathepsin G that is encoded in the genome of human.


neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

The directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


biofilm matrix disassembly

A process that results in the disassembly of a biofilm matrix.


ADH4_HUMAN All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4 (sprot)

An all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


all-trans retinal binding

Binding to all-trans retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. All-trans retinal (trans r., visual yellow) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


benzaldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = benzoate + NAD(P)H + H+.


fatty acid omega-oxidation

A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation.


alcohol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


HEM3_HUMAN Porphobilinogen deaminase (sprot)

A porphobilinogen deaminase that is encoded in the genome of human.


hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 4 porphobilinogen = hydroxymethylbilane + 4 NH4.


NEP_HUMAN Neprilysin (sprot)

A neprilysin that is encoded in the genome of human.


exopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain, in a reaction that requires a free N-terminal amino group, C-terminal carboxyl group or both.


oligopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond in an oligopeptide, i.e. a molecule containing a small number (2 to 20) of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds.


peptide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.


substance P catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the neuropeptide substance P.


bradykinin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide bradykinin.


hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


creatinine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.


neuropeptide processing

Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a neuropeptide precursor. Processing leads to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the neuropeptide.


neuron projection terminus

The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.


INHBA_HUMAN Inhibin beta A chain (sprot)

An activin/inhibin beta A chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


type II activin receptor binding

Binding to a type II activin receptor.


striatal medium spiny neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a medium spiny neuron residing in the striatum.


progesterone secretion

The regulated release of progesterone, a steroid hormone, by the corpus luteum of the ovary and by the placenta.


regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


positive regulation of ovulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


cardiac fibroblast cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


activin A complex

A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-A subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-A or activin/inhibin beta-A).


MGP_HUMAN Matrix Gla protein (sprot)

A matrix Gla protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITA2B_HUMAN Integrin alpha-IIb (sprot)

An integrin alpha-IIb that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of leukocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.


APOA_HUMAN Apolipoprotein(a) (sprot)

An apolipoprotein(a) that is encoded in the genome of human.


plasma lipoprotein particle

A spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Plasma lipoprotein particles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood or lymph.


ODPA_HUMAN Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial (sprot)

A pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + lipoamide = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.


PLEK_HUMAN Pleckstrin (sprot)

A pleckstrin that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


positive regulation of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


phospholipase C-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway which proceeds with inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity and a subsequent decrease in the levels of cellular inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


positive regulation of actin filament bundle assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.


negative regulation of calcium-mediated signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.


regulation of cell diameter

Any process that modulates the diameter of a cell, the length of a line segment that crosses through the center of a circular section through a cell.


protein secretion by platelet

The regulated release of proteins by a platelet or group of platelets.


CD14_HUMAN Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (sprot)

A CD14 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


opsonin receptor activity

Combining with an opsonin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


lipoteichoic acid binding

Binding to lipoteichoic acid.


CO4A2_HUMAN Collagen alpha-2(IV) chain (sprot)

A collagen alpha-2(IV) chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


CY1_HUMAN Cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial (sprot)

A cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


PTPRC_HUMAN Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that is encoded in the genome of human.