naringenin-chalcone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2.


alpha-copaene metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-copaene.


intracellular nitrogen homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nitrogen within a cell.


meiotic telophase II

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase II of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


cephamycin C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cephamycin C.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of cytosolic calcium levels

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of a voltage-gated calcium ion channel.


exit from dormancy

The dormancy process that results in exit from dormancy. Dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.


methyl transfer-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by a methyl transfer reaction. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


respiratory chain complex III assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex, a transmembrane lipoprotein complex that it catalyzes the reduction of cytochrome c by accepting reducing equivalents from Coenzyme Q, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


regulation of premature acrosome loss

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.


negative regulation of monoatomic anion transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.


negative regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.


regulation of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food.


Catalysis of the transfer of an arachidonoyl (systematic name, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: in the reaction: (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


helvolic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving helvolic acid.


cyclase activity

Catalysis of a ring closure reaction.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.


resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvins, di- or trihydroxy fatty acids derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically icosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


positive regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate-4a-carbinolamine = H2O + a 10-formyldihydrofolate.


cell-cell adhesion involved in neural tube closure

The attachment of one cell to another cell along the edges of two epithelial folds, giving rise to the lumen of the neural tube.


maintenance of vegetative meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of vegetative meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


glycolytic fermentation to butanediol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into butanediol; effected by some members of the Enterobacteriaceae, e.g. Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, and Serratia.


G2 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis).


biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-19 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


visceral peritoneum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a visceral peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


detection of cAMP

The series of events in which a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; cAMP is the nucleotide cyclic AMP.


muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell

The directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus. Tendon cells, for example, produce positive guidance cues that attract muscle cells.


sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi.


regulation of defecation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.


dGMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).


termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, exosome-dependent

The process in which transcription of nonpolyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; coupled to the maturation of the RNA 3'-end.


regulation by virus of viral protein levels in host cell

Any virus-mediated process that modulates the levels of viral proteins in a cell.


intracellular sequestering of copper ion

The process of binding or confining copper ions in an intracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


cell-cell signaling involved in pronephros development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


histone H3-K18 acetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 18 of the histone.


regulation of cellobiose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.


tagaturonate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-altronate + NAD+ = D-tagaturonate + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = HCl + 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDD; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU.


stomatal complex patterning

The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


n-octane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving n-octane, the 8 carbon straight chain alkane used in organic syntheses, calibrations, and azeotropic distillations. It is a common component of gasoline and other petroleum products and the engine fuel antiknocking properties of an isomer of n-octane are used as a comparative standard in the Octane Rating System.


tRNA folding

The process of assisting in the folding of tRNAs into the correct tertiary structure.


cellular response to stem cell factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stem cell factor (SCF) stimulus.


D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-malate + NAD+ = CO2 + NADH + pyruvate.


tetralin ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetralin + O2 + NADH + H+ = cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+.


perturbation of host innate immune response

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


intracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


modulation of spore encystment on host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ecdysteroid = UDP + glucosyl-ecdysteroid.


secondary active oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an oligopeptide or oligopeptides from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + UDP-glucose = p-aminobenzoate-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester + UDP.


deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


flavonol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.


nitrobenzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrobenzene.


organometal metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organometals, any metal-containing organic compound, especially one in which the metal atom is linked directly to one of more carbon atoms.


N-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


hypochlorous acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypochlorous acid.


tRNA exon ligation

An RNA exon ligation process that rejoins two exons of a pre-tRNA which has had the intron removed.


pronephric distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD + D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate = NADH + H+ + 3-dehydro-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = malonate + NAD(P)H + H+.


steviolbioside glucosyltransferase activity (rebaudioside B forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: steviolbioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rebaudioside B + UDP + H+.


response to anticonvulsant

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticonvulsant stimulus, a drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.


Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to asioloorosomucoid.


1,2-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isoorientin + an L-rhamonsylated rhamnosyl acceptor = isoorientin 2'-O-rhamnoside + a non rhamnosylated rhamnosyl acceptor.


beta-ribofuranosylaminobenzene 5'-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + CO2 + diphosphate.


ecdysone-mediated polytene chromosome puffing

The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of hormone-responsive genes on polytene chromosomes in response to increased production of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) in Drosophila larvae approaching pupation.


cell morphogenesis involved in semicircular canal fusion

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a semicircular canal epithelial cell acquires the structural features that allow it to contribute to the process of semicircular canal fusion.


viral scaffold assembly and maintenance

The assembly and maintenance of the viral scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD+ = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H+ + NADH.


primary amino compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary amino compound.


zygospore formation

The process in which zygospores are formed. Zygospores are characteristic of the zygomycete fungi (phylum Zygomycota) thick-walled and darkly colored, and usually heavily ornamented as well, with many spines or ridges. It is formed between two specialized organs called suspensors, which are themselves usually heavily ornamented, one from each mating partner. The zygospore forms between them and then breaks away.


betaine aldehyde catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of betaine aldehyde.


homogentisate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogentisate.


gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific stimulus.


motogenic signaling involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the directional movement of interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cortex.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + O2 = cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


positive regulation of ectoderm development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development.


response to clozapine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clozapine stimulus.


contractile vacuole tethering involved in discharge

The initial, indirect interaction between a contractile vacuole membrane and a site of discharge in the plasma membrane. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior to docking and fusion.


L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) selenium transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) + selenophosphate = L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) + H2O + phosphate.


cardiac neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac neuron over time, from its formation to the mature state.


(R)-pantolactone dehydrogenase (flavin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + A = 2-dehydropantolactone + AH(2).


pseudopodium retraction

The myosin-based contraction and retraction of a pseudopodium.


ferricrocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the chloroplast stroma.


chloroplast mRNA processing

Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the chloroplast genome into mature mRNAs.


renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


isopenicillin-N epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isopenicillin N = penicillin N.


protein myristoylation

The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + malonyl-CoA <=> cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + coenzyme A.


optical nerve axon regeneration

The regrowth of axons of the optical nerve following their loss or damage.


tight junction disassembly

The disaggregation of an tight junction into its constituent components.


organelle inheritance

The partitioning of organelles between daughter cells at cell division.


positive regulation of border follicle cell delamination

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan immune receptor activity

Combining with (1->3)-beta-D-glucans to initiate an innate immune response.


(S)-reticuline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (S)-reticuline.


di-trans, poly-cis-undecaprenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans, octa-cis-undecaprenol + ATP = di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate + ADP + H+.


positive regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


regulation of response to salt stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.


monoterpene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinate + succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA + succinate.


regulation of catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.


regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.


response to manganese starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of manganese.


Catalysis of the reaction: Se-Methyl-L-selenocysteine + H2O => pyruvic acid + NH3 + Methaneselenol.


specification of pronephric distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate = NADH + CO2 + catechol.


positive regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


cerebellar Golgi cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Golgi cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Golgi cell fate. A cerebellar Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


gamma-tubulin complex binding

Binding to a gamma-tubulin complex.


DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase III-specific

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific genes sets transcribed by RNA polymerase III.


beta-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucoside.


negative regulation of pharyngeal pumping

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping.


guanosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.


response to camptothecin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus.


phloem development

The formation of the principal food-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.


cardiac left atrium morphogenesis

The process in which the left cardiac atrium is generated and organized.


GTPase-dependent fusogenic activity

A GTPase activity that mediates the joining two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.


proline binding

Binding to proline.


negative regulation of glucomannan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.


fungal-type cell wall chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of fungal cells.


DNA alkylation

The addition of alkyl groups to many positions on all four bases of DNA. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming nucleotides in the course of DNA synthesis.


reactive nitrogen species metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive nitrogen species.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + nororientaline.


laminaribiose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose + phosphate = D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


pentose catabolic process to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbons, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.


long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction

Any process that results in an increase in the efficacy of transmission at a neuromuscular synapse.


inductive cell-cell signaling between paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors

Short range signaling between cells of the paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors in the spinal cord that specifies the fate of the motor column neuron precursors along the anterior-posterior axis.


nucleoside-specific channel forming porin activity

Enables the energy independent passage of nucleoside, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


regulation of inflorescence meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of an inflorescence meristem.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


cellular response to plumbagin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


maintenance of floral organ identity

The process in which the identity of a floral organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


backward locomotion

Posterior movement of an organism, e.g. following the direction of the tail of an animal.


elaioplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an elaioplast, a leucoplast in which oil is stored.


anterior region determination

Specification of the anterior (head and thoracic segments) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of hunchback gene product.


sorbitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


phenylpropanoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


cytoophidium organization

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cytoophidium. Cytoophidia are mesoscale, intracellular, filamentous structures that contain metabolic enzymes.


structural constituent of cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cuticle.


single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate

A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.


response to lapatinib

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lapatinib stimulus.


chloral hydrate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: chloral hydrate = 3 H+ + 2 e- + trichloroacetate, and chloral hydrate + H2 = H2O + trichloroethanol.


maintenance of right sidedness

The organization process that preserves the right sidedness in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


chlorobenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with a chlorine atoms attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid that is manufactured for use as a solvent. It quickly evaporates in the air and is degraded by hydroxyl radicals that are produced photochemically. The gas acts as a source of ClOx, which helps in the breakdown of stratospheric ozone.


detection of hormone stimulus

The series of events in which a hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (2S,3R,6S,9S)-(-)-protoillud-7-ene.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetate + ATP + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA.


trypanothione metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.


positive regulation of endothelial cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.


fumiquinazoline C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the indole alkaloid fumiquinazoline C.


disruption by symbiont of host cell envelope

The process by which a symbiont breaks down the cell wall of its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + CTP = CDP-N-methylethanolamine + diphosphate.


suppression by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type I interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


protein-phosphocysteine-glucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + glucosamine (out) = protein cysteine + glucosamine-6-phosphate (in).


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


chemorepulsion involved in precerebellar neuron migration

The creation and reception of signals that repel a precerebellar neuron as a component of the process of tangential migration.


salicylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.


L-threonine catabolic process to propionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound propionate.


cellular response to L-phenylalanine derivative

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-phenylalanine derivative stimulus.


heptadec-1-ene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heptadec-1-ene.


acetoin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.


CDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.


response to miconazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a miconazole stimulus.


O-glycan processing, core 5

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 5 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-(1->3)-GalNAc.


malonate(1-) transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of malonate(1-) from one side of a membrane to the other.


carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = NH4 + trans-4-coumarate.


receptor diffusion trapping

The process by which a membrane receptor, diffusing freely within the plasma membeane, becomes trapped in some plasma membrane region. This can happen when a receptor bind, directly or indirectly, to some component of the underlying matrix.


regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.


ABC-type guanine transporter activity

Catalyses the reaction: ATP + H2O + guanine(out) = ADP + phosphate + guanine(in).


indoleacetamide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.


mismatch repair complex binding

Binding to a mismatch repair complex.


ABC-type glycerol-3-phosphate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycerol-3-phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycerol-3-phosphate(in).


4-hydroxyproline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


parahippocampal gyrus development

The progression of the parahippocampal gyrus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The parahippocampal gyrus is a ridge in the cerebral cortex.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin <=> UDP + 4-O- beta -D-glucosyl-daphnetin + H+.


clustering of voltage-gated calcium channels

The process in which voltage-gated calcium channels become localized together in high densities.


cytochrome bo3 ubiquinol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ubiquinol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2 ubiquinone + 2 H2O + 4 H+ [periplasmic space].


regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


adhesion of symbiont infection cushion to host

The attachment of an infection cushion of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


maintenance of protein location in extracellular region

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within the extracellular region and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


ribose 1,5-bisphosphate phosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-diphosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ADP + H+.


peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA).


D-galacturonate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactonate + NADP = aldehydo-D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+.


regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.


thiosulfate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.


retrograde extension

The progression of a neuronal projection over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing

The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.


acyl-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


response to isoquinoline alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.


regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase.


ncRNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of a non-coding RNA molecule.


negative regulation of developmental vegetative growth

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.


cerebellar molecular layer structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

Any Notch signaling pathway that is involved in somitogenesis.


cilium attachment to cell body

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the lateral attachment of the cilium to the cell body via the flagellar attachment zone in some trypanosomatid species.


tobramycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tobramycin.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.


jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid.


negative regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


nopaline catabolic process to proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline into other compounds, including proline.


capsanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsanthin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate + H+ = L-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO2.


regulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity.


positive regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation involved in sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


glucosinolate glucohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a glucosinolate = alpha-D-glucose + a thiohydroximate-O-sulfate. Glucosinolates are a subclass of thioglucosides.


selenol Se-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R + Se-Adenosylselenomethionine => CH3-R + Se-Adenosyl-L-selenohomocysteine.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urea(out) + Na+(out) = urea(in) + Na+(in).


pupal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pupa is a dormant life stage interposed between the larval and the adult stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis.


L-fuculose-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuculose 1-phosphate = (S)-lactaldehyde + glycerone phosphate.


cellular developmental process

A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.


maltose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: maltose + phosphate = D-glucose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


adenosine-tetraphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate + H2O = ATP + phosphate.


rectal diverticulum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rectal diverticulum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The rectal diverticulum is an outgrowth of the cloaca and links the pronephric kidney to the exterior.


choline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrophloroglucinol + OH- = 3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate.


glial cell differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the amphid sensory organ.


Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) + caffeoyl-CoA <=> gentiodelphin + coenzyme A.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


maleylpyruvate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate = 3-fumarylpyruvate.


cytosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.


tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Tolerance induction in response to nonself antigens.


non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the signal is passed on via the JNK cascade.


icosanoyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+ = icosanoyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 NAD(P)+.


regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + H+ + pimelyl-CoA = 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + CO2 + CoA.


thiamine-phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine phosphate = ADP + H+ + thiamine diphosphate.


response to humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


positive regulation of cardiac chamber formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.


branching involved in seminal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the seminal vesicle is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


negative regulation of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching.


dihydropteridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6,7-dihydropteridine, a bicyclic compound with the formula C6H6N4.


alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


glycerolipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.


envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism.


dedifferentiation

The process in which a specialized structure (cell, tissue or organ) loses structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these structures can revert back to the features of their ancestors.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host glycoprotein

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a glycoprotein on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate + H+ = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2.


rejection of self pollen

The recognition and rejection of self pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydrochelirubine + H+.


histone arginine methylation

The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue.


L-altrarate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-altrarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.


regulation of shoot system morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot morphogenesis.


taurocyamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + taurocyamine = N-phosphotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H+.


prothoracic disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the prothoracic disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a prothoracic imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult humerous and anterior spiracle.


terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, independent of mevalonate. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-independent biosynthesis, it is produced from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


suppression by virus of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


dTMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + O2 = 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + 2 CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys) = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-lysyl)-sn-glycerol + tRNA(Lys).


ribonuclease M5 activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5'- and 3'-termini of a 5S-rRNA precursor.


uracil biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.


deoxyribonuclease V activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.


pancreas field specification

The process in which a specific region of the gut is delineated into the area in which the pancreas will develop.


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cystine reductase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cystine reductase.


negative regulation of nigerotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.


negative regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.


negative regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.


regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

A process that modulates synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


shade avoidance

Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome.


intracellular lysine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of lysine within a cell.


mycothiol-arsenate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + mycothiol <=> mycothiol-arsenate conjugate + H2O.


cellular response to desipramine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desipramine stimulus.


negative regulation of pyroptosis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of pyroptosis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxymethyl)glutarate + NAD+ = 2-formylglutarate + H+ + NADH.


positive energy taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


chloroplast photosystem I binding

Binding to a chloroplast photosystem I.


immature T cell proliferation

The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division.


phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


negative regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + X-CH3 = X + 1-methoxyphenanthrene.


negative regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.


cellular response to disaccharide stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.


regulation of distal tip cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + quinate = O-feruloylquinate + CoA.


negative regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


pyochelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


tubulin-glycine ligase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target tubulin molecule; acts on alpha or beta tubulin.


determination of sensory modality

The determination of the type or quality of a sensation. Sensory modalities include touch, thermal sensation, visual sensation, auditory sensation and pain.


cellular response to glucoside

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus.


neutral lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.


ethylene receptor activity

Combining with ethylene and transmitting the signal in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity.


7-oxateasterone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + teasterone + NADPH + O2 <=> 7-oxateasterone + NADP + H2O.


myoblast fate determination involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


glucuronate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.


negative regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.


N-methyl-L-amino-acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-methyl-L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = an L-amino acid + formaldehyde + H2O2.


isoprene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + isoprene.


regulation of cytokinesis, site selection

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.


iron incorporation into hydrogenase diiron subcluster via L-cysteine ligation

The incorporation of iron into an L-cysteinyl diiron subcluster, found in Fe-hydrogenase.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.


regulation of cellular response to drug

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug.


regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid = CO2 + NH3 + D-amino acid.


peptide cross-linking via 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine

The modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.


inner ear receptor cell differentiation involved in inner ear sensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new inner ear sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


quercetin gentiotrioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiotrioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> quercetin-3-gentiotetraside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol = 9,10-anthraquinone + 4 H+ + 4 e-.


vetispiradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + vetispiradiene.


medulla oblongata morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the medulla oblongata is generated and organized. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glyoxylate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate.


meiotic prophase II

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


ecdysone O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + palmitoyl-CoA = CoA + ecdysone palmitate.


agmatine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + ATP = N(4)-phosphoagmatine + ADP + 3 H+.


negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.


positive regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall polysaccharides.


mithramycin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mithramycin + NADP = mithramycin DK + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


primary cell septum disassembly

Dissolution of the primary septum during cell separation.


modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


methyl ethyl ketone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor.


2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone 6C-glucoside dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-glucosyl-2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone <=> H+ + 6C-hexosyl chrysin + H2O.


valine dehydrogenase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NADP+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADPH.


abscisic acid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + UDP-D-glucose = abscisic acid glucose ester + UDP.


protein-lysine lysylation

The addition of lysine group to a lysine residue in a protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


chlorophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.


detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


quercetin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quercetin.


negative regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerone + phosphoenolpyruvate = glycerone phosphate + pyruvate.


cellular response to gibberellin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.


The methylation of a glutamine residue in proteins to form the peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative.


16S rRNA (guanine(1207)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


purine deoxyribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.


methanopterin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a methanopterin.


DNA methylation on cytosine within a CHH sequence

The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within an asymmetric CHH sequence in a DNA molecule. H stands for an adenine, cytosine, or thymine nucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 3-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + UDP.


negative regulation of myofibroblast contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.


GCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCC codon.


regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.


flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (5alpha)-campestan-3-one + O2 + NADPH <=> (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-methylthioheptylhydroximate <=> H+ + 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


actinorhodin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of actinorhodin.


response to borneol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a borneol stimulus.


dTDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.


Notch receptor processing, ligand-dependent

The proteolytic cleavages to the Notch protein that occur as a result of ligand binding. Ligand binding at the cell surface exposes an otherwise inaccessible cleavage site in the extracellular portion of Notch, which when cleaved releases a membrane-tethered form of the Notch intracellular domain. Subsequent cleavage within the transmembrane domain then leads to the release of the soluble Notch intracellular domain (NICD).


response to acadesine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.


oripavine 6-O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oripavine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> morphinone + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


acharan sulfate lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in acharan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with a uniformly repeating disaccharide structure of alpha-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronic acid.


cellular response to biotin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.


cellular response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.


emericellin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellin.


aerobic beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane that occur in presence of oxygen.


pelvic fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pelvic fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + H+(out) = succinate(in) + H+(in).


amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

The progression of an amphid sensory organ's neuronal dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


direct ossification

The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues.


GATOR1 complex binding

Binding to a GATOR1 complex.


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linoleate + O2 = A + crepenynate + 2 H2O.


regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


vasoconstriction of artery involved in baroreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


cell wall pectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


pteridine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


kinin cascade

A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell that occur as a result of by-products of tissue damage, including collagen, cartilage, and basement membrane. The ultimate product of the kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio

The process in which the size of the nucleus with respect to its cytoplasm is sensed by a cell.


phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + ATP + H2O = D-phenylalanine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


mitochondrial mRNA modification

The covalent alteration within the mitochondrion of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


demethoxycurcumin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA + H2O <=> demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


peptide-acetyl-CoA secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of peptide-acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde.


defense response by callose deposition

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + ATP = 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + ADP + 2 H+.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.


cellular response to vitamin B2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.


structural constituent of proteasome

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the proteasome.


cochlear outer hair cell electromotile response

A rapid, force generating length change of an outer hair cell in response to electical stimulation. This occurs naturally as during hearing where it serves a source of mechanical amplification.


silicate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving silicates, the salts of silicic acids. Silicates are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.


disruption by symbiont of host anatomical structure

The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


olefinic compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.


regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis.


erythromycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythromycin.


perturbation of signal transduction in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.


vindoline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vindoline.


cellular alkyne metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2, as carried out by individual cells.


myoblast fate commitment in trunk

The process taking place in the trunk whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)+ + H2O = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+.


cellular response to brefeldin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.


response to biotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3alpha(S)-strictosidine.


alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


D-lysopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-lysine + H+ + NADPH + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.


Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


regulation of androgen secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-cassa-12,15-diene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-11beta-hydroxycassa-12,15-diene + NADP+ + H2O.


gastric motility

The spontaneous peristaltic movements of the stomach that aid in digestion, moving food through the stomach and out through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum.


cell proliferation involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

Any cell proliferation that is involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis.


glutamate synthase activity, NAD(P)H as acceptor

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(P)+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinone = 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + a quinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + trans-aconitate = (E)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)but-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of shoot apical meristem development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.


helper T cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a helper T cell in response to an external stimulus.


regulation of ovulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


liposaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving liposaccharide.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: trehalose(out) + H+(out) = trehalose(in) + H+(in).


trochlear nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, with copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


(S)-nandinine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-nandinine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


adhesion between unicellular organisms

The attachment of two unicellular organisms to each other.


regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


protein guanylylation

The addition of phospho-guanosine to a protein amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate.


regulation of T cell extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.


interleukin-4 production

The appearance of interleukin-4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


evasion of host immune response

A process by which an organism avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.


glucomannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucomannan.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tetrahydropalmatine.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


effector-mediated induction of plant hypersensitive response by symbiont

A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont activates a resistance gene-dependent defense response signaling pathway in the plant host, in order to activate a hypersensitive response to induce necrosis. In the plant, this process involves the direct or indirect recognition of the symbiont effector protein for example through plant resistance receptor or R proteins (or R genes).


positive regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.


cyanate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


2-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 2-naphthoate + NADH + H+.


regulation of optic nerve formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.


lupeol 28-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lupeol + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 3 H+ <=> betulinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 3-(all-trans-polyrenyl)benzene-1,2-diol <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-polyprenyl)phenol.


negative regulation of iron ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


chalcone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chalcones, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium.


oxygen evolving activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O = O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The evolution of oxygen from oxidizing water is carried out by the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II of plants. P680+, the photochemically oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll of PSII, is a strong biological oxidant. The reduction potential of P680+ is more positive than that of water, and thus it can oxidize water to give O2 and H+ ions. The oxygen escapes as a gas while the H+ ions remain in solution inside the thylakoid vesicle.


curcumin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polyphenol, curcumin.


regulation of mesoderm formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.


negative regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD+ = (R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + H+ + NADH.


nucleate erythrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


negative regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


sterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the introduction of a double bond into a sterol molecule.


palisade mesophyll development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a palisade mesophyll over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


scattered antral spaces stage

The stage in oogenesis when antral spaces begin to form in the follicle cells. Mitochondria form centers for yolk concentration.


protein digestion

The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


positive regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that activates, maintains or increases short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


companion cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a companion cell. The companion cell is the specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member.


free ubiquitin chain depolymerization

The process in which free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers, are broken down.


Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by internalization and cleavage of the frizzled receptor to yeild a C-terminal fragment that is imported into the nucleus. The frizzled C-terminal fragment is incorporated into large ribonucleoprotein particles and stimulates their egress via nuclear budding.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-amino-4-dehydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N-methylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+.


iota-carrageenase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose-2-sulfate in iota-carrageenans.


positive regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.


retinal cone cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


cyanide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration, reacting with the ferric form of cytochrome aa3 and thus blocking the electron transport chain.


nocardicin-A epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isonocardicin A = nocardicin A.


methylisocitrate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = pyruvate + succinate.


cellular response to cyclopentenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.


somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of T cell receptor genes.


cell migration involved in prostatic bud elongation

The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another contributing to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.


modulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland bud elongation

The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland bud epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the bud.


positive regulation of spore-bearing organ development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.


etioplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an etioplast. An etioplast is a plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.


GDP-mannose mannosyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O = GDP + D-mannose + H+.


protein N-linked N-acetylgalactosaminylation via asparagine

A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylgalactosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.


fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


red chlorophyll catabolite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: red chlorophyll catabolite + reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = primary fluorescent catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin. This reaction is the reduction of the C20/C1 double bond in the pyrrole system of red chlorophyll catabolite (RCC) to a colorless tetrapyrrole (pFCC) with a strong blue fluorescence.


multivesicular body membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the membranes of multivesicular bodies.


maltose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = maltose + 2 phosphate.


butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a butanoyl (CH3-[CH2]2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: methylthioadenosine + H2O = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose.


peptide cross-linking via S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium

The cross-linking of a tyrosine residue to a tryptophan residue and a methionine residue to form S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium.


translocation of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm

The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.


gibberellin mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of gibberellin stimulus.


proctolin receptor activity

Combining with the neuropeptide proctolin, to initiate a change in cell activity.


tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.


An adaptive immune effector response involving T cells and B lineage cells. In the case of B lineage cells, the effector cells are the antibody secreting plasma cells whereas for T cells the effector cells may be helper T cells or cytotoxic T cells.


maintenance of pigment granule location

Any process in which a pigment granule is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = indole + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


negative regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


aerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the presence of oxygen.


carboxyl- or carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a carboxyl- or carbamoyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'methyl thioadenosine + H2O = 5'methyl thioinosine + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + 2-oxoglutarate = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + L-glutamate.


achromobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugates.


histidine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-aminobutanoyl-CoA + acetate.


kojic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving kojic acid.


protein localization to plasma membrane of cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane of cell tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 3-phosphate + UDP + H+.


mesonephric podocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


ds/ssDNA junction-specific dsDNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of double-stranded DNA near a double-strand/single-strand DNA junction.


bacteriocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacteriocins, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


transmembrane receptor histidine kinase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of a membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


alpha-ribazole biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).


L-ascorbic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.


positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


beta-carotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-carotene.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose, an ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the heptose. ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose (also called ADP-L-beta-D-heptose or ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose) is a nucleotide-sugar precursor of the inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.


mitochondrion autophagosome adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrial membrane and an autophagosome during mitophagy.


trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NAD+ = trans-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-solanine + UDP-L-rhamnose = solanine + UDP.