endonucleolytic cleaveage between LSU-rRNA and 4.5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


UDP-glucose-glycoprotein glucose phosphotransferase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein D-mannose + UDP-D-glucose = glycoprotein 6-(D-glucose-1-phospho)-D-mannose + UMP.


pyrogallol hydroxytransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene + 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene = 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene + 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene.


peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The modification of protein tyrosine to L-2',4',5'-topaquinone, characteristic of the active site of copper amine oxidases.


linuron hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linuron + H2O <=> N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine + carbon dioxide + 3,4-dichloroaniline.


amine-lyase activity

Catalysis of the release of amines by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amine as a substrate.


phosphoribokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = D-ribose 1,5-diphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


class III/IV DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of an AP site 3' and 5' of the baseless site, generating a 3'-phosphate and a 5'-OH.


physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart.


homogalacturonan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogalacturonan, a pectidic polymer, characterized by a backbone of 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


NMN nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + nicotinamide mononucleotide = D-ribose 5-phosphate + H+ + nicotinamide.


regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


heart rudiment formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment.


catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a nucleic acid.


positive regulation of sporulation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


uridine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + uridine = ribofuranose + uracil.


determination of stimulus location

The determination of where on the body surface, within the body or in the environment a stimulus originates.


phenylmercury acetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.


prostanoid receptor activity

Combining with a prostanoid, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure, to initiate a change in cell activity.


homomethionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.


flaviolin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: flaviolin-2-olate + NADH + H+ + O2 <=> mompain + NAD + H2O.


regulation of spindle elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.


paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


bilirubin secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


negative regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.


Catalysis of the cleavage of a beta-(1->4) bond in the backbone of a xyloglucan and transfers the xyloglucanyl segment on to O-4 of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue of an acceptor, which can be a xyloglucan or an oligosaccharide of xyloglucan.


threonine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


glucomannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-glucose as single side-units.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclooctat-9-en-5,7-diol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> cyclooctatin + H2O + NADP.


suppression by symbiont of host programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


phosphoglucokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


formation of plant organ boundary

The regionalization process that specifies plant organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.


ATP:coenzyme F420 adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-A + diphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


UDP-glucuronate 5'-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-L-iduronate.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


gibberellin A25,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A25 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A13 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


plant organ senescence

A plant organ developmental process during which a plant dismantles cellular components to reclaim the cellular building blocks and nutrients that have been deposited in the plant organs during growth.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose, an ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the heptose. ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose (also called ADP-L-beta-D-heptose or ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose) is a nucleotide-sugar precursor of the inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.


histone H2AS121 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2A-serine (position 121) + ATP = histone H2A-phosphoserine (position 121) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 121 of histone H2A.


amino acid adenylylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase

Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor.


ureter epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell in the urothelium. The urothelium is the epithelial tube of the ureter.


myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte.


regulation of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory epinephrine-norepinephrine

The process in which epinephrine-norepinephrine modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


ecdysteroid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.


coenzyme A-peptidyl-cysteine covalent linking

The covalent linkage of coenzyme A and peptidyl-cysteine to form L-cysteine coenzyme A disulfide.


phenol, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + MgATP + H2O = phenylphosphate + MgAMP + orthophosphate.


cycloartenol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cycloartenol + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-cholest-24-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


beta-lactam antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


cell adhesion involved in prostatic bud elongation

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.


compound eye corneal lens morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye corneal lens are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ = 3-methylsalicylate + NADH + H+.


toxic metabolite repair

A cellular process that, through single- or multi-step enzymatic reactions, repairs toxic endogenous compounds, formed as by-products of primary metabolism, by converting them into useful metabolites.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


cellooligosaccharide binding

Binding to cellooligosaccharide.


adenosylselenohomocysteinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Se-Adenosyl-L-selenohomocysteine + H2O => Adenosine + Selenohomocysteine.


regulation of heat generation

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heat generation.


RNA guanosine-cytidine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-cytidine dinucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 2 H+ + 2 e- + butyrolactone.


glucose catabolic process to pyruvate utilizing ADP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the utilization of ADP in the initial kinase reactions.


caprolactam catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid.


RNA topoisomerase activity

Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual RNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in RNA.


L-propargylglycine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate = chloride + H+ + L-propargylglycine.


cellular response to nonane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonane stimulus.


alkanesulfonate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


pentachlorophenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.


nonphotochemical quenching

The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted as heat. This process helps maintain the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage.


cellular catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


thioester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.


glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular mesangial cell.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as part of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


secondary active p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate is the anion of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamic acid.


regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-formylcytosine + succinate + CO2.


prolactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prolactin, a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that promotes lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol-n + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


IDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.


cellular response to interleukin-2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus.


regulation of iodide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.


astaxanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving astaxanthin.


multicellular organism adhesion to substrate

The attachment of a multicellular organism to a surface or material.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.


electron transporter, transferring electrons from cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons from the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


pullulan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.


eosinophil fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an eosinophil cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 3-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.


ricinine nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + ricinine = NH3 + 3-carboxy-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone.


negative regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


diiodotyrosine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.


negative regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

Any process in which blue light stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


maintenance of protein location in cell cortex

A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


xylose catabolic process to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose, an aldopentose, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II binding

Binding to a PSII associated light-harvesting complex II.


basidiospore formation

The process in which spores form outside a specialized end cell known as a basidium. Basidia are characteristic of the basidiomycete fungi (phylum Basidiomycota), and give rise to spores that each contain a haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis. The spores are usually attached to the basidium by short spikes called sterigmata (singular: sterigma). In most basidiomycetes there are four sterigmata (and four spores) to a basidium.


negative regulation of cardioblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation.


heteroduplex formation

The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.


regulation of wax biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


hydroxylysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: maltose(out) + H+(out) = maltose(in) + H+(in).


intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an intermediate mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


tartrate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate + H+ = D-glycerate + CO2.


immune response in Peyer's patch

Immune response taking place in the Peyer's patch, nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine.


organic substance metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.


lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on superoxide radicals as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a superoxide radical (O2- or O2.-) acts as a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.


ferredoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.


regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diaminopropionate + H2O = pyruvate + 2 NH3.


short nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.


propionate metabolic process, methylcitrate cycle

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylcitrate cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + sphingosine = CMP + H+ + sphingosyl-phosphocholine.


exit from diapause

The dormancy process that results in exit from diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.


18-hydroxyoleate peroxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 18-hydroxyoleate + a lipid hydroperoxide <=> 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxystearate + a lipid alcohol.


(R)-limonene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4R)-limonene + diphosphate.


positive regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-norcoclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (RS)-coclaurine.


positive regulation of response to propan-1-ol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


interleukin-13 production

The appearance of interleukin-13 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-arogenate = L-glutamate + prephenate.


negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


ferredoxin hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2.


encapsulation of foreign target

Events resulting in the formation of a multilayered cellular sheath surrounding an invader and thus preventing its development. This defense mechanism is often seen in insects in response to nematodes or parasitoids, which are too large to be phagocytosed by individual hemocytes. In some organisms the capsule is blackened due to melanization.


3-oxo-myristoyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxotetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O <=> 3-oxo-myristate + coenzyme A + H+.


response to sterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus.


positive regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


The formylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-formylglycine.


G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


sucrose:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = sucrose(in) + monovalent cation(in).


histone H2A-K5 acetylation

The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


sequoyitol galactinol:D-galactosylononitol galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-5-O-methyl-myo-inositol + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol <=> D-galactosylononitol + myo-inositol.


gastrulation involving germ band extension

A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification.


G protein-coupled glucose receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular glucose molecule and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


positive regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial cell scaffolds.


positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.


regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway

A series of reactions within the cell that occur as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound interacting with a chemoreceptor resulting in a modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


germacrene-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-(R)-germacrene A + diphosphate.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by protein cross-linking

The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle by protein cross-linking, and the incorporation of phenolic precursors. This mechanism of cuticle hardening occurs in insects and is usually accompanied by darkening of the cuticle.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.


distal stomach smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the distal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The distal stomach is composed of the lower body and antrum and develops strong peristaltic phasic contractions that increase in amplitude as they propagate toward the pylorus.


positive regulation of anther dehiscence

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anther dehiscence.


axonal defasciculation

Separation of axons away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.


positive regulation of pupariation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of onset of pupariation.


positive regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.


fatty alcohol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = O-D-glucosylnicotinate + UDP.


DNA repair complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a DNA repair complex.


organic phosphonate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Synthesis of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.


guanosine salvage

Any process that generates guanosine, guanine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


pteridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


pronephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron proximal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


esophagus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an esophagus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis

Any lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus that is involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis.


A phytochelatin metabolic process in which a metal and exogenous sulfur are incorporated with phytochelatin to form a complex.


epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis.


specification of floral organ identity

The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.


transport of viral material towards nucleus

The directed movement of a virus, or part of a virus, towards the host cell nucleus. The process begins after viral entry, and ends when the viral material is at the nuclear membrane.


naphthalene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of naphthalene to naphthalene 1,2-oxide.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate induction

Signaling at short range from urogenital sinus mesenchymal cells to cells of the urogenital epithelium resulting in the epithelial cells adopting a prostatic fate.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance.


cell migration involved in somitogenic axis elongation

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that contributes to somitogenic axis elongation.


gossypetin 8-methyl ester 3'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavon-3-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gossypetin 3',8-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


tungsten incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

The incorporation of tungsten into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).


positive regulation of forward locomotion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of forward locomotion.


regulation of peptide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: pentachlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = tetrachlorohydroquinone + NADP+ + chloride.


L-galactose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.


protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase type II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfocatechol + O2 = 3-sulfomuconate.


tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroethene + chloride + acceptor = tetrachloroethene + reduced acceptor.


organosilicon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organosilicons, any organic compound that contains silicon.


positive regulation of defense response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.


gibberellin 12 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.


microtubule organizing center localization

Any process in which the microtubule organizing center is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


Group II intron splicing

The splicing of Group II introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group II introns and containing splice site consensus sequences, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions (mechanistically similar to those for splicing of nuclear mRNAs) initiated by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat.


RNA nucleotide insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of one or more nucleotides.


eoxin D4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin C4 = eoxin D4 + 5-L-glutamyl amino acid.


cell wall modification

The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly.


5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = ribose 1,5 bisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-succinylglutathione + H2O = glutathione + H+ + succinate.


bone cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bone cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


negative regulation of heart rate by acetylcholine

The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells and decreases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process involved in ascospore release from ascus

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.


regulation of mitotic spindle checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle checkpoint.


Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.


platelet activating factor production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of germ cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + NADPH = methyl-1,4-benzoquinol + NADP.


L-lysine alpha-aminotransferase

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + pyruvate= epsilon-amino-alpha-ketocaproic acid (KAC) + alanine.


DNA photolyase activity

Catalysis of the repair of a photoproduct resulting from ultraviolet irradiation of two adjacent pyrimidine residues in DNA.


positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway

Any positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system that is involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway.


L-rhamnonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + H2O.


nucleobase-containing compound kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP or GTP, to a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or polynucleotide substrate.


methylmercury biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal.


bile-acid-CoA transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycholoyl-CoA + cholate = deoxycholate + choloyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.


cellular process

Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


membrane bending activity

The activity of bending or deforming a membrane. This activity can occur by multiple mechanisms including the insertion amphipathic domains into one or both leaflets.


shamixanthone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of shamixanthone.


taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus.


exit from host cell

The movement of an organism out of a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, epimerase pathway

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to cis-2-enoyl-CoA through one more cycle of the core beta-oxidation pathway. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA cannot be completely degraded via the core beta-oxidation pathway because hydratation of cis-2-enoyl-CoA yields D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, which is not a substrate for 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA must enter the so-called epimerase pathway, which involves converting D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA by 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA epimerase or by two stereo-specific enoyl-CoA hydratases. L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA then returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


response to nitrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.


extracellular matrix-granule cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that mediates the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to granule cell precursors resulting in a decrease in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.


cell proliferation involved in neural plate elongation

The process of expansion of cell numbers in the neural plate due to cell division of progenitor cells preferentially in the rostrocaudal direction, resulting in the elongation of the tissue.


superinfection exclusion

The process by which a preexisting viral infection prevents a secondary infection with the same or a closely related virus. Typically some aspect of viral entry is inhibited, but post entry mechanisms have also been documented.


craniofacial suture closure

The process of fusing together the edges of a craniofacial suture.


peptidoglycan cross-bridge peptide endopeptidase activity

A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a peptidoglycan cross-bridge.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine + 2 NAD+ + H2O = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosaminuronate + 2 NADH + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)H + H+.


anther wall tapetum formation

The process that gives rise to the anther wall tapetum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


positive regulation of crystal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


(deoxy)adenylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dAMP = ADP + dADP.


camphene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate <=> (-)-camphene + diphosphoric acid.


chorismate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = 4-hydroxybenzoate + pyruvate.


meiotic drive

A biological process that results in the unequal transmission of alleles, haplotypes, or chromosomes from a parental genome to gametes. In the absence of meiotic drive, the two copies of each gene or chromosome in a diploid organism are transmitted to offspring with equal probability, whereas meiotic drive results in overrepresentation of the driving allele among the surviving products of meiosis.


perturbation of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway

Any process in which the symbiont alters a host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


DIMBOA glucoside beta-D-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-DIMBOA glucoside + H2O = H+ + DIMBOA + beta-D-glucose.


cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cardiac muscle myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a cardiac muscle myoblast cell population. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life.


meiotic cell cycle phase

One of the distinct periods or stages into which the meiotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.


cellular response to ozone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.


endosperm cellularization

The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-N-debenzoyltaxol + benzoyl-CoA = H+ + paclitaxel + coenzyme A.


response to interleukin-8

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-8 stimulus.


regulation of leaf formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf formation.


sorbose reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol + NADP+ = L-sorbose + H+ + NADPH. The reaction may occur, to a minor extent, in the reverse direction.


L-glutamate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


de novo centriole assembly via blepharoplast

A de novo centriole assembly process observed in multi-ciliated sperm cells of some primitive land plants, and where centrioles are formed from a blepharoplast, ultimately giving rise to multiple cilia on the sperm surface.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + trans-zeatin <=> H+ + trans-zeatin-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


negative regulation of cell budding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.


eggshell formation

Construction of the eggshell, a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration.


metanephric capsule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric capsule are generated and organized. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


positive regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


positive regulation of membrane hyperpolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.


negative regulation of arginase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


phenylacetone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + phenylacetone = benzyl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


endocardial cushion cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cushion cell.


modulation by symbiont of host process

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.


regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.


double stranded viral RNA replication

A viral genome replication process where the template genome is double stranded RNA (dsRNA). Genomic dsRNA is first transcribed into single-stranded (ss) mRNA, which is then replicated to ds-genomic RNA.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a host signal transduction pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n) = UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n+1).


Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate + phosphate.


leukotriene A4 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene A4.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine, forming homocysteine and then methionine.


vacuolar sequestering of sodium ion

The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.


positive regulation of iridophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


plantlet formation on parent plant

The process in which a new plantlet develops from a meristem on the plant body. As part of this process, when the plantlet is large enough to live independently, the physical connection between the new plantlet and the main plant is severed.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine.


phenanthrene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon used in explosives and in the synthesis of dyes and drugs. Although phenanthrene is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, it has been shown to be toxic to marine diatoms, gastropods, mussels, crustaceans, and fish.


beta-alanyl-dopamine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-beta-alanyl dopamine + H2O = dopamine + beta-alanine.


regulation of response to pullulan

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.


antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.


follicular dendritic cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta,psi-caroten-8'-al + O2 <=> all-trans-retinal + 2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-trienedial.


suppression by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.


oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + oxalyl-CoA = CO2 + formyl-CoA.


response to xylene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xylene stimulus.


irritable aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target.


negative regulation of renal amino acid absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-pentonate = glycolaldehyde + pyruvate.


fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, odd number

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on odd-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, a cis-3-enoyl-CoA is generated by the core beta-oxidation pathway, and then converted to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which can return to the core beta-oxidation pathway for complete degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


positive regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


extracellular matrix-dependent thymocyte migration

The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin.


regulation of penicillinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of a penicillin to yield a substituted beta-amino acid derivative.


response to vitamin B3

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.


lactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lactose from one side of a membrane to the other. Lactose is a disaccharide 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, and constitutes roughly 5% of the milk in almost all mammals.


archaetidylserine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-digeranylgeranylglycerol + L-serine = archaetidylserine + CMP.


glycerol dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol = 3-hydroxypropanal + H2O.


stipule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stipule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stipule is one of (usually) a pair of appendages at the bases of leaves in many broad-leaved angiosperms.


CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the joining of a carboxyl group to a molecule that is attached to CoA, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.


methionine gamma-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine = methanethiol + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.


FAT10 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 from one protein to another via the reaction X-FAT10 + Y = Y-FAT10 + X, where both X-FAT10 and Y-FAT10 are covalent linkages.


neuromast hair cell differentiation involved in neuromast regeneration

Differentiation of new neuromast sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + oxidized ferredoxin + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + reduced ferredoxin.


uronic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving uronic acid, any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.


ladanein 6-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ladanein + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + salvigenin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of erythrocyte clearance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.


camera-type eye photoreceptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in a camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


maltodextrin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, from one side of a membrane to the other.


lipooligosaccharide binding

Binding to lipooligosaccharide. Lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are the major glycolipids expressed on mucosal Gram-negative bacteria.


apoptotic process involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of thyroid gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of the thyroid gland epithelial cell population.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->2)-glucosidic linkages in (1->2)-beta-D-glucans.


diorcinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diorcinol.


histone H2BK5 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


galactitol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: galactitol + NAD+ = D-tagatose + H+ + NADH.


ecdysone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.


2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + CoA + 2-keto-isovalerate = NADH + CO2 + isobutyryl-CoA.


regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


dimethylglycine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylglycine + H2O + O2 = formaldehyde + H2O2 + sarcosine.


negative regulation of amine transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of protein kinase D signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase D signaling.


response to differentiation-inducing factor 2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pentan-1-one stimulus.


negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


negative regulation of fever generation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of fever generation.


GSI anchor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The sphingolipid group is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via a ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GSI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.


protein-phosphocysteine-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose(out) = protein cysteine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphate(in).


carbamoyl phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.


regulation of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA export from nucleus in response to heat stress.


suppression by virus of host apoptotic process

Any viral process that inhibits apoptosis of infected host cells, facilitating prolonged cell survival during viral replication.


positive regulation of tRNA export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tRNA export from nucleus.


trimethylenediamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trimethylenediamine.


chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a, via the intermediate geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


interferon-omega production

The appearance of interferon-omega due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.


alpha-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha-adrenergic receptors.


nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A nucleotide is a compound that consists of a nucleoside esterified with a phosphate molecule.


rhombomere 6 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 6 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


regulation of adaptive immune memory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.


negative regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-trans-11,12-dihydrodiol = 11,12-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


The trimethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-L-alanine.


enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH + H+.


phenanthrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene.


regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


negative regulation of homocysteine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine.


cell migration to the midline involved in heart development

The orderly movement of a cell toward the midline that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


ecgonine methyl ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecgonine methyl ester.


hexose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + desulfoglucotropeolin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + glucotropeolin + H+.


nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephron tubule are generated and organized. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.


establishment of epithelial cell planar polarity

The specification and formation of the polarity of an epithelial cell along the plane of the epithelial tissue.


response to wortmannin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 an ubiquinol = 2 H2O + 2 an ubiquinone.


4-coumarate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA.


response to interleukin-3

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.


karyogamy involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from two nuclei as a result of fusing the nuclear envelopes that surround each nuclei. This takes place following the mutual exchange of one of the two nuclei produced by the mitosis that follows the second meiotic nuclear division. This occurs in ciliated protozoans such as Tetrahymena.


formation by host of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from symbiont

The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


anaerobic electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-8-carboxychromene.


indoleacetic acid amide conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an amino acid or polypeptide through an amide bond.


telomere-telomerase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere-telomerase complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-9R,10R-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene.


trichome differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


protein-coenzyme A linkage

The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and coenzyme A.


transport of virus in host, cell to cell

The transport of a virus between adjacent cells in a multicellular organism.


beta-cryptoxanthin hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-cryptoxanthin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = zeaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


pyruvate oxidase (CoA-acetylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + H+ + O2 + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + H2O2.


N-feruloylglycine deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-feruloylglycine + H2O = ferulate + glycine.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.


actinorhodin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving actinorhodin.


sulfide oxidation, using siroheme sulfite reductase

A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by siroheme sulfite reductase.


C4 photosynthesis

The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch.


zeatin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrozeatin + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + zeatin.


dihydropteroate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine diphosphate + 4-aminobenzoate = diphosphate + dihydropteroate.


negative regulation of stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction.


negative regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


cAMP receptor activity

Combining with cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


locus ceruleus formation

The process that gives rise to the locus ceruleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.


positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.


dIMP salvage

Any process which produces a dIMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


P-type cadmium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Cd2+(out).


Spemann organizer formation at the embryonic shield

Formation of the specialized region of the embryonic shield of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the teleost body plan.


Se-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the selenium atom of an acceptor molecule.


regulation of female pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


hypoglossal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


sigma factor antagonist activity

The function of binding to a sigma factor and stopping, preventing or reducing the rate of its transcriptional activity.


histone H4K deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone H4.


negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.


regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.


regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


negative regulation by symbiont of host synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse, in its host organism.


histone monoubiquitination

The modification of histones by addition of a single ubiquitin group.


griseofulvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of griseofulvin, an important antifungal drug that has been in use for a long time for treating dermatophyte infections.


umbilical cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the development of the umbilical cord, from its formation to the mature structure. The umbilical cord is an organ or embryonic origin consisting of the 2 umbilical arteries and the one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord connects the cardiovascular system of the fetus to the mother via the placenta.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a monoterpenol = CoA + a monoterpenol acetate ester.


anatomical structure homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined anatomical structure of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


detoxification of iron ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of iron ion. These include transport of iron away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of iron ion.


selenotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a selenium-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


isoprenoid biosynthetic process via mevalonate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprenoid via mevalonate.


isopentadecanoic acid binding

Binding to isopentadecanoic acid.


cellular response to endogenous stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene dependent systemic resistance.


reuteran biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.


cellular response to immobilization stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of being rendered immobile.


negative regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into a cell.


cyanide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration.


dormancy process

A developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.


regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


peripheral B cell deletion

The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of peripheral tolerance induction and B cell selection.


hydroxymalonate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + oxomalonate.


2,3-dihydroxy DDT 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy DDT + O2 = 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8,8-tetrachloroocta-2E,4E-dienoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + quercetin 3-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + quercetin 3,4'-disulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ATP + H2O + imidazol-4-ylacetate = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazol-4-ylacetate + ADP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + phosphate.


macrophage antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a macrophage expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + CTP = CDP-D-glucose + diphosphate.


negative regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


germarium-derived cystoblast division

The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst of interconnected cells within a germarium. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


peptide cross-linking via 3'-(1'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine

The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a 3'-(1'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate = 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate.


cross bridge cycling involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which cross bridges are broken and reformed during filament sliding as part of the regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction.


lsiRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional long small interfering RNA (lsiRNA). lsiRNAs are class of siRNAs 30 to 40 nt in length. lsiRNAs are induced by pathogen infection or under specific growth conditions.


histone H3K36 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 36).


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-6-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate.


glyphosate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyphosate + OH- = glyoxylate + aminomethylphosphonic acid + H+ + 2 e-.


Catalysis of the reaction: (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol + UDP-D-glucose = (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-yl beta-D-glucoside + H+ + UDP.


aggregation of unicellular organisms

The clustering together of unicellular organisms in suspension form aggregates.


1,2-dichloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dichloroethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + vinyl chloride.


regulation of amino acid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


11-deoxycortisol binding

Binding to 11-deoxycortisol.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


phytoene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoene.


podocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.


smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the prostate glandular acinus.


establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.


epicardium-derived cardiac endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which an epicardial cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.


neopullulanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to panose (6-alpha-D-glucosylmaltose).


coumarin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coumarins, a class of compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


molting cycle process

A multicellular organismal process involved in the periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin.


valine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H+ = 2-methylpropanamine + CO2.


modulation by symbiont of host cell motility

Modulation of host cell motility by a symbiont of that host.


cell proliferation in hindbrain ventricular zone

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain region that is adjacent to the ventricular cavity.


regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.


p-cymene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.


peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine oxazolinecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue.


polyol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


chemoattraction involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration

The creation and reception of signals that result in the migration of interneuron precursors up a concentration gradient towards the olfactory bulb.


aldehyde decarbonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a C(n) aldehyde = C(n-1) alkane + CO.


pyrimidine nucleobase salvage

Any process that generates pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine organic nitrogenous bases, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


delta 3-trans-hexadecenoic acid phosphatidylglycerol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-3-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol = 1-18:3-3-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H+. This reaction is the formation of a trans double bond between carbon 3 and carbon 4 (counting from the carboxyl end) of palmitic acid, which is specifically esterified to the sn-2 glyceryl carbon of phosphatidylglycerol.


recombination within rDNA repeats

Genetic recombination within the DNA of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + H+ = 4-cresol + CO2.


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, GTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + GTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + GDP.


N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) cytidylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + Neu5Gc = diphosphate + CMP-Neu5Gc.


very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (C22 - C24) + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


ribonuclease V activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of poly(A), forming oligoribonucleotides and ultimately 3'-AMP.


detection of low humidity

The series of events in which low humidity is detected and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.


Gi/o-coupled serotonin receptor activity

Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gi/o subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gi/o subunit subsequently inhibits adenylate cyclase and results in a decrease in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels.


detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


sinapoyl spermidine:sinapoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to a nitrogen atom on a sinapoyl spermidine molecule resulting in the formation of a disinapoyl spermidine derivative.


positive regulation of renal phosphate excretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.


positive regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.


protein-containing complex destabilizing activity

A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex and promoting the dissociation of one or many subunits. This often happens by changing the conformation of the protein being bound, which decreases its affinity for the rest of the complex.


alpha-patchoulene synthase activityy

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphoric acid + alpha-patchoulene.


cellularization

The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster embryo development.


UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-alpha-D-galacturonate.


Catalysis of the reaction: eugenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + O-methyleugenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


response to mercaptoethanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.


cingulate gyrus development

The progression of the cingulate gyrus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cingulate gyrus is a ridge in the cerebral cortex located dorsal to the corpus callosum.


modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-desacetyltaxuyunnanin C + acetyl-CoA = CoA + taxuyunnanin C.


anterior lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.


regulation of sulfur utilization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.


RNA replication

The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of RNA.


regulation of flower development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


processes downstream of sex determination signal

The sex determination processes that take place after the initial transmission of the sexual phenotype to specific information pathways.


positive regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the postsynaptic cytosol.


trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = dihydroxyferuloyl-sinapoyl spermidine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


flight

Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycocyanobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.


ergosterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. It is the most important of the D provitamins and is converted to vitamin D2 on irradiation with UV light.


biofilm matrix organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a biofilm matrix.


L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose + NADP+ = L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+.


modulation by virus of host autophagy

Any process in which a virus effect a change in the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavon-7-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3'-dimethylquercetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


menthone dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-(2S,5R)-menthone + NAD+ = (5R)-menth-2-enone + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


sulfite dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + 2 ferricytochrome c + H2O = sulfate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


positive regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


regulation of heart induction

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of heart induction. Heart induction is the close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.


negative regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition.


positive regulation of inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway.


spike train

A series of sequential, propagated action potentials occurring in a single cell.


positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


sorbitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sorbitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: ethyl (S)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP+ = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADPH.


adonirubin 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adonirubin + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3S,3'S-astaxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4E)-6-(2-aminophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O <=> H+ + anthranilate + (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.


O-glycan processing, core 6

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 6 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->6)-GalNAc.


negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.


neural keel formation

The formation of a thickened region of the neurectoderm that is roughly triangular in cross section. The neural keel develops from the neural plate and develops into the neural rod. Neural keel formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.


cellular response to inositol starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of inositol.


androecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the androecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cysteamine = S-acetylcysteamine + CoA.


2-deoxyglucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucoside = 2-deoxy-D-glucose + an alcohol.


peptidyl-cysteine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-sulfo-L-cysteine.


amino acid catabolic process via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols or carboxylic acids containing one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives, sometimes referred to as fusel acids, may be produced instead of alcohols.


6-hydroxycineole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2.


negative regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation involved in sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a leg derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ncRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs).


positive regulation of acylglycerol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.


response to tetrahydrofolate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrahydrofolate stimulus.