positive regulation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.


positive regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.


positive regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acid-sensing ion channel activity.


positive regulation of receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


positive regulation of heparan sulfate binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.


positive regulation of lipid binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.


positive regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.


positive regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.


positive regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


positive regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.


positive regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of euchromatin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.


positive regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


positive regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.


histone H3-K9 acetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-alanyl-peptide = CoA + H+ + N-terminal N-alpha-acetyl-L-alanyl-peptide.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

A negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway process that positively_regulates spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


D-arabinonolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-arabinonate + H+.


pheophorbidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2. The reaction occurs in two steps; pheophoridase catalyzes the conversion of pheophorbide a to a precursor of pyropheophorbide a, C-13(2)-carboxylpyropheophorbide a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated non-enzymatically to yield pyropheophorbide a.


Gly-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Gly-tRNA(Ala).


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-acyl ethyl ester + H2O = a long-chain carboxylic acid + ethanol.


acetylajmaline esterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 17-O-acetylajmaline + H2O = ajmaline + acetate, and 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + H2O = norajmaline + acetate.


pectinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + n H2O = n methanol + pectate.


tropinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atropine + H2O = H+ + tropate + tropine.


acetylxylan esterase activity

Catalysis of the deacetylation of xylans and xylo-oligosaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.


fusarinine-C ornithinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N5-acyl-L-ornithine ester + H2O = N5-acyl-L-ornithine + an alcohol.


steroid-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + testololactone = H+ + testolate.


aclacinomycin A methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin A + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-aclacinomycin A + methanol + H+.


acylcarnitine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-acylcarnitine + H2O = a fatty acid + L-carnitine.


triacetate-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + triacetate lactone = triacetate.


L-ascorbate 6-phosphate lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate 6-phosphate + H2O = 3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate.


juvenile-hormone esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone.


endosulfan lactone lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan lactone + H2O = endosulfan hydroxycarboxylate + H+.


Catalysis of the removal of acetylesters (as acetate) from galacturonic acid residues in the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan.


Catalysis of the reaction: chitooligosaccharide with N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminal + H2O = chitooligosaccharide with glucosamine at nonreducing terminal + acetate. This reaction is the deacetylation of a chitooligosaccharide at the nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue; chitooligosaccharide are composed of (1->4)-linked D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in varying proportions.


1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,4-lactone = a 4-hydroxyacid.


Catalysis of the reaction: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate + H2O = 2-ethylhexan-1-ol + 2-ethylhexyl phthalate + H+.


orsellinate-depside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + orsellinate depside = 2 o-orsellinate + H+.


feruloyl esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-polysaccharide + H2O = ferulate + polysaccharide.


cephalosporin-C deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cephalosporin C + H2O = acetate + deacetylcephalosporin C + H+.


primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite = H+ + methanol + O13(4)-desmethyl pFCC.


6-acetylglucose deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-acetyl-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose + acetate + H+.


tannase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: digallate + H2O = 2 gallate + H+.


cetraxate benzylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl cetraxate + H2O = benzyl alcohol + cetraxate + H+.


Ala-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ala-tRNA(Pro).


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy]butanoate + H2O = 2 (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + H+.


lactonohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of lactone rings (intramolecular cyclic esters) to produce a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.


methyl indole-3-acetate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl indole-3-acetate + H2O = indole-3-acetate + methanol + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane + H2O = 6-hydroxyhexanoate.


Ser(Gly)-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala).


dihydrocoumarin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydrocoumarin + H2O = 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.


L-seryl-tRNA(Thr) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Thr).


1-16:0-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine sn-1 acylhydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine + H2O <=> 1-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H+.


vinylacetate caboxylester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: but-3-enoate + H2O <=> allyl alcohol + formate.


deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxylimonoate + H2O = deoxylimononate D-ring-lactone + H+.


wax-ester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a wax ester + H2O = a long-chain alcohol + a long-chain carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-3-(5-oxofuran-2-ylidene)propanoate + H2O <=> 3-maleylpyruvate + H+.


phorbol-diester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phorbol 12,13-dibutanoate = butanoate + H+ + phorbol 13-butanoate.


4-sulfomuconolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5-oxo-2-sulfonato-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate + H2O <=> maleylacetate + sulfite + 2 H+.


5-valerolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-valerolactone + H2O = 5-hydroxyvalerate.


prenylcysteine methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester + H2O = protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine + methanol + H+.


butyrolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyrolactone + H2O = 4-hydroxybutanoate.


L-rhamnono-1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-rhamnonate + H+.


pheophytinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin + H2O = phytol + pheophorbide.


Cys-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Cys-tRNA(Pro).


methyl jasmonate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a methyl jasmonate + H2O = a jasmonic acid + methanol.


4-methyloxaloacetate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxy-2,4-dioxobutanoate + H2O = H+ + methanol + oxaloacetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: [X]-4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid + H2O = [X]-OH + methyl-D-glucuronic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of the ester linkage between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) and an alcohol (-OH) group attached to a molecule, denoted here as [X].


Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


pheophytinase b activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin b + H2O <=> H+ + pheophorbide b + phytol.


sulfolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfolactone + OH- = HSO3(-) + maleylacetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(4-hydroxy-but-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


acetylsalicylate deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetylsalicylate + H2O = acetate + H+ + salicylate.


trans-permethrin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-trans-permethrin + H2O <=> H+ + (3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol + (1S,3R)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + polyneuridine aldehyde = 16-epivellosimine + CO2 + methanol.


D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) = D-leucine + tRNA(Leu). Hydrolysis of the removal of D-leucine from residues in charged tRNA(Leu).


L-arabinonolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-arabinonate + H+.


3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone + H2O = 3-oxoadipate.


limonin-D-ring-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: limonoate D-ring-lactone + H2O = limonoate.


chlorogenate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorogenate + H2O = (-)-quinate + cis-caffeate + H+.


uronolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucurono-6,2-lactone + H2O = D-glucuronate.


brefeldin A esterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of brefeldin A to produce brefeldin A acid. Brefeldin A is also known as gamma,4-dihydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-4-cyclopentanecrotonic acid lambda-lactone.


actinomycin lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: actinomycin + H2O = actinomycinic monolactone.


methyl salicylate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl salicylate + H2O = salicylic acid + methanol + H+.


4-pyridoxolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-pyridoxolactone + H2O = 4-pyridoxate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-rhodomycinone + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-epsilon-rhodomycinone + methanol + H+.


pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester + H2O = pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + methanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamate O(5)-methyl ester + H2O = protein L-glutamate + methanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminoglycan = acetate + D-galactosaminoglycan.


xylono-1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-xylonate.


pectin acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + H2O = pectate + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of acetyl esters of pectin, producing pectate, partially esterified pectin.


carboxymethylenebutenolidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide + H2O = 4 oxohex-2-enedioate.


sinapine esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-sinapoylcholine + H2O = choline + H+ + sinapate.


D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-aminoacyl-tRNA = D-amino acid + tRNA. Hydrolysis of the removal of D-amino acids from residues in charged tRNA.


cutinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cutin + H2O = cutin monomers.


aclacinomycin T methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin T(1+) + H2O <=> 15-demethylaclacinomycin T + methanol + H+.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (hercynine) + O2 = hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + H2O.


alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


D-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


L-alanine oxidation to pyruvate via D-alanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to pyruvate, with D-alanine as an intermediate.


beta-alanine catabolic process to L-alanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including L-alanine.


L-alanine oxidation to D-lactate and ammonia

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to D-lactate and ammonia.


D-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.


arabitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an arabitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.


2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid.


trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene entity with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.


anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen.


clearance of foreign intracellular nucleic acids

A defense process that protects an organism from DNA or RNA from an invading organism.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.


CRISPR-cas system

A defense response of that serves to clear host cells of foreign DNA and RNA. It has three distinct stage: acquisition of foreign DNA by integration into CRISPR loci in the host chromosome, CRISPR RNA (crRNA) biogenesis, and target interference. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, which describes the nature of the loci.


natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

An immune response mediated by a natural killer cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


DNA restriction-modification system

A defense process found in many bacteria and archaea that protects the organism from invading foreign DNA by cleaving it with a restriction endonuclease. The organism's own DNA is protected by methylation of a specific nucleotide, which occurs immediately following replication, in the same target site as the restriction enzyme.


defense response to symbiont

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that symbiont.


neutrophil-mediated killing of symbiont cell

The directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


male-specific defense response to bacterium

A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


natural killer cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.


defense response to oomycetes

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism.


male-specific antibacterial humoral response

An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid.


defense response to parasitic plant

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a parasitic plant that act to protect an organism.


hemolymph coagulation

Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response.


melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader.


systemic acquired resistance

The salicylic acid mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance.


melanization defense response

The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin.


innate immunity memory response

An immune response mediated by the innate immune system and directed against a previously encountered immunologic stimulus, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the initial response to that stimulus.


defense response against perturbation of plasma membrane integrity

The cellular processes and signaling pathways by which a cell responds to disruption of the integrity of its plasma membrane by another organism. Some toxins produced by other organisms can form pores in membranes, or affect the membrane permeability.


age-related resistance

An innate immune response that is positively correlated with host plant development. As a plant develops, its innate resistance to pathogenic infections increases. The mechanisms involved in age-related resistance differ in nature or in aspects of regulation from the hypersensitive response (HR), systemic acquired resistance (SAR), or induced systemic resistance (ISR).


clearance of foreign intracellular RNA

A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign RNA.


columella

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A rod-like element of the sexine and ectexine, supporting either the tectum (the layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella), or supporting a caput (an architectural element on top of a columella).


pigment granule membrane

Any membrane that is part of a pigment granule.


epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell that was derived from the epicardium over time, from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide = trans-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide.


detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


reservosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of a reservosome.


NAD glycohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose without proceeding through a cyclic ADP-ribose intermediate.


regulation of bone trabecula formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


positive regulation of bone trabecula formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + 4-hydroxyacetophenone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


isoflavonoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.


phenylpropanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


cinnamic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


anaerobic lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignin in the absence of oxygen. Lignin is a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


chalcone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


eugenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


cinnamic acid ester catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


guaiacyl lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guaiacyl lignin.


negative regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.


visual perception involved in equilibrioception

The series of events during equilibrioception required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual input plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.


negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate.


GAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAC codon.


diphosphate-purine nucleoside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + a purine nucleoside = monophosphate + a purine mononucleotide.


germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation

Formation, in a germarium, of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell (a cystoblast). The germarium is the most anterior portion of an insect ovariole. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


thermospermine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thermospermine.


thermospermine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thermospermine.


thermospermine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thermospermine.


aspartate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + ATP = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + ADP + H+.


homoserine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + ATP = O-phospho-L-homoserine + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate 6-phosphate.


arginine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + ATP = N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine + ADP + 2 H+.


GMP catabolic process to IMP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including inosine monophosphate.


extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.


mesonephric extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.


negative regulation of granulosa cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde. Chanoclavine-I aldehyde is at a branching point in the biosynthetic pathways of fumigaclavine C and ergotamine.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


evasion of host immune response via modulation of host complement system

Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host complement system, e.g. by possessing complement receptors which mediate attachment to, then infection of, host macrophages, which are eventually destroyed. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ER body

A novel compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.


extrathymic T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway independent of the thymus.


old cell tip after activation of bipolar cell growth

A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs, which is part of a cell that has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.


regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.


mannose-specific flocculation

The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to mannose residues on the other.


ethylene binding

Binding to ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


glucarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.


glucarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucarate, the dianion of glucaric acid, an aldaric acid derived from either glucose or gulose. There are two enantiomers L- and D-glucarate.


glucarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.


D-glucarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


D-glucarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate. D-glucarate is derived from either D-glucose or L-gulose.


D-glucarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


deoxyribonuclease IV (phage-T4-induced) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end-products.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate 24,25-dihydrolanosterol.


proline racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline = D-proline.


modulation by symbiont of host protein localization to phagocytic vesicle

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localisation to the host phagosome. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


hypotonic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


mutator focus

A type of punctate focus localized to the perinuclear region of germline cytoplasm in C. elegans. Mutator foci are required for RNA interference (RNAi) and serve as sites of small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) amplification. As such, proteins that localize to mutator foci include RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRPs) and beta-nucleotidyltransferases. Mutator foci are distinct from, but adjacent to or partially overlap, P granules.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotinate + H2O + O2 = 2,6-dihydroxynicotinate + H2O2.


regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


negative regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


regulation of type III hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


positive regulation of B cell mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


negative regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


positive regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


positive regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


negative regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


regulation of T cell mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


positive regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


helper T cell enhancement of B cell mediated immune response

Positive regulation of a B cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.


negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism.


positive regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


negative regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation, in a different organism.


regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.


positive regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


positive regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


helper T cell enhancement of T cell mediated immune response

Positive regulation of a T cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.


regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation.


regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


positive regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


negative regulation of type III hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


regulation of B cell mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


caste determination, influence by genetic factors

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


polyphenic determination

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues.


caste determination

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


polyphenic determination, influence by environmental factors

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental cues.


caste determination, influence by environmental factors

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


polyphenic determination, influence by genetic factors

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to genetic cues.


copper-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the copper chelate copper-nicotianamine (Cu-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of somatic stem cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.


negative regulation of somatic stem cell division

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.


riboflavin synthase complex

An flavoprotein that catalyzes the reaction the breakdown of dimethyl(ribityl)lumazine to form riboflavin and ribitylamino-amino-dihydroxypyrimidine.


plastoglobule

A lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.


Fused-Smurf ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex. In D. melanogaster, it regulates ubiquitination and proteolysis of the BMP receptor Thickveins in cystoblasts, potentially by controlling Tkv ubiquitination and degradation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + O-demethylpuromycin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + puromycin.


5-formylcytosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formylcytosine+ 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-carboxylcytosine + succinate + CO2.


citrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA.


citrate (Re)-synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the re-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-R carboxymethyl group.


modulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in a second organism.


positive regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism increases the extent of relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.


modulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.


translation at presynapse, modulating chemical synaptic transmission

Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission.


negative regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.


negative regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme.


negative regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


negative regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


negative regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


negative regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.


regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


negative regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


coronal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the coronal suture is generated and organized.


cellular response to L-canavanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-canavanine stimulus. L-canavanine is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group.


response to L-canavanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-canavanine stimulus.


positive regulation of dentin-containing tooth bud formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that initiates the formation of a tooth bud by the secretion of a signal from a mesenchymal cell and its reception and subsequent change in the identity of an epithelial cell of the tooth bud.


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NADPH+= + H+ + O2 = NADP+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: choline + O2 = betaine aldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


D-nopaline dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O = L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in renal vesicle formation

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the renal vesicle.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephric renal vesicle formation

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephric renal vesicle.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephros.


The monomethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylserine.


phosphonoacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonoacetate, C2H4PO5, a substance composed of an acetate and a phosphonic acid residue.


cspyrone B1 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cspyrone B1.


ecdysteroid 22-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an ecdysteroid + ATP = an ecdysteroid 22-phosphate + ADP + H+.


tartrate epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate = (2R,3S)-tartrate.


GTP cyclohydrolase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + diphosphate + formate + 3 H+.


2-oxoglutarate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


(+)-2-epi-prezizaene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-2-epi-prezizaene + diphosphoric acid.


2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate <=> 2 diphosphate + (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate = pyruvate + chloroacetaldehyde.


negative regulation of substance P receptor binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.


Catalysis of the reaction 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate + CoA.


toluene oxidation via 4-hydroxytoluene

The degradation of toluene to form p-hydroxybenzoate; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 4-hydroxytoluene (4-cresol).


toluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products such as gasoline and commonly used as a paint thinning agent and in other solvent applications.


toluene oxidation to catechol

The formation from toluene of catechol, dihydroxybenzene, by successive oxidations followed by loss of carbon dioxide (CO2).


toluene oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in toluene.


anaerobic toluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


toluene oxidation via 2-hydroxytoluene

The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 2-hydroxytoluene (o-cresol).


toluene oxidation via 3-hydroxytoluene

The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 3-hydroxytoluene (m-cresol).


toluene oxidation via toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol

The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol.


toluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products.


anaerobic toluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, in the absence of oxygen.


regulation of amacrine cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + chloride + NADP+ = 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfobenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD+ + sulfite.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-ICAM-4 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell adhesion molecule ICAM-4.


negative regulation of androgen secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.


negative regulation of defecation rhythm

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.


negative regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion.


negative regulation of ecdysteroid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.


negative regulation of substance P secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.


negative regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.


negative regulation of androstenedione secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.


negative regulation of renal sodium excretion by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin decreases the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine over a unit of time.


negative regulation of testosterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.


negative regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission.


negative regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.


negative regulation of estradiol secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.


negative regulation of progesterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.


negative regulation of activin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.


negative regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycine secretion, neurotransmission.


negative regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.


negative regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.


negative regulation of estrogen secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.


negative regulation of aldosterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.


negative regulation of aspartate secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartate secretion.


negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell.


negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.


negative regulation of calcitonin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion.


negative regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.


negative regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.


negative regulation of inhibin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.


negative regulation of steroid hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.


negative regulation of estrone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.


negative regulation of juvenile hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of juvenile hormone.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + anthranilate = N-methylanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate + H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate = 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + 2 H+ + phosphate.


negative regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


unsaturated chondroitin disaccharide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-4-deoxy-Delta(4)-GlcpA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc6S + H2O = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate.


catagen

The regression phase of the hair cycle during which cell proliferation ceases, the hair follicle shortens, and an anchored club hair is produced.


hair cycle phase

The cyclical periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


anagen

The growth phase of the hair cycle. Lasts, for example, about 3 to 6 years for human scalp hair.


exogen

The shedding phase of the hair cycle.


telogen

The resting phase of hair cycle.


1-undecene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-undecene.


sphingoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.


sphingosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.


phytosphingosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol, a constituent of many plant sphingolipids.


shikimate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.


shikimate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, linkage to polypeptide

The polymerization of one or more heparan sulfate chains via a xylose link onto serine residues in the core protein of a proteoglycan.


response to meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling

A process that acts directly to delay or stop progression through the cell cycle in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling; contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.


response to meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.


response to meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.


anaerobic phenylalanine oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine under anaerobic conditions; occurs via the intermediates phenylpyruvate and phenylacetaldehyde.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hercynylselenocysteine.


positive regulation of response to formic acid

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.


regulation of response to formic acid

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.


negative regulation of response to formic acid

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.


transcription factor TFIIIE complex

A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIE contains a specific subset of ribosomal proteins.


positive regulation of vitamin metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


4-alpha-methyl-delta7-sterol oxidation

A lipid oxidation process proceeding through a series of three successive monooxygenations of the alpha methyl group on the C4 carbon (CH3 to CH2OH to CHO to COOH) and resulting in this overall reaction: 4-alpha-methyl-delta7-sterol + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-alpha-carboxy,delta7-sterol + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.


regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.


negative regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.


lachrymatory factor synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-propenylsulfenate = propanethiol S-oxide.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.


positive regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole-centriole cohesion.


negative regulation of age-related resistance

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the extent of age-related resistance.


Catalysis of the reaction: sterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 7-O-methylsterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


propanediol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propanediol, a sweet, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with the formula CH3-CHOH-CH2OH.


propanediol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propanediol, CH3-CHOH-CH2OH, a sweet, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze, in brake fluid and as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items.


anaerobic glycerol catabolic process to propane-1,3-diol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol into propane-1,3-diol and water.


negative regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.


regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.


positive regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.


telomere single strand break repair

Single strand break repair that takes place in a telomere.


nucleosomal methylation activator complex

A protein complex that contains eight subunits in common with the SWI/SNF complex, plus the ATPase BRG1 (SMARCA4) and the histone methyltransferase CARM1; the complex is involved in regulating nuclear receptor-dependent transcription.


negative regulation of meiotic chromosome separation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.


posterior cibarial plate morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the posterior cibarial plate are generated and organized.


sarcinapterin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sarcinapterin.


sarcinapterin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sarcinapterin.


NADPH-cytochrome-c2 reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome c2 = NADP+ + 2 ferrocytochrome c2.


alkanesulfonate monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alkanesulfonate + O2 + FMNH2 = an aldehyde + sulfite + H2O + FMN.


Catalysis of the reaction: pryrole-2-carboxylate + NADH + O2 + H+ = 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O.


2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: liquiritigenin + O2 + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 2,4',7-trihydroxyisoflavanone + H2O + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] and (2S)-naringenin + O2 + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 2,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyisoflavanone + H2O + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


licodione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + liquiritigenin + NADPH + O2 = H2O + licodione + NADP+.


aflatoxin B synthase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: 8-O-methylsterigmatocystin + 2 [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 O2 <=> aflatoxin B + 2 [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + methanol + CO2. Produces both aflatoxin B(1) and aflatoxin B(2).


alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CHO + reduced FMN + O2 = R-COOH + FMN + H2O + light.


uvaol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uvaol + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> ursolic aldehyde + NADP + 2 H2O.


7-deoxyloganin 7-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-deoxyloganin + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + loganin + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + FMNH2 + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + FMN + H2O.


nitrilotriacetate monooxygenase activity (FMN-dependent)

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrilotriacetate + O2 + FMNH2 = ammoniodiacetate + 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion + H2O + FMN.


3-chloro THPH synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylhexan-1-one + chloride + FADH2 + O2 = (3-chloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + FAD + H+ + 2 H2O.


2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase

Catalysis of the reaction: 1R,4R)-bornane-2,5-dione + FMNH2 + O2 = (1R,4R)-5-oxo-1,2-campholide + FMN + H+ + H2O.


pipecolic acid N-hydroxylase

Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolic acid + NAD(P)H + O2 + H+ = N-hydroxypipecolic acid + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


3,5 dichloro-THPH synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3-chloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + chloride + FADH2 + O2 = (3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + FAD + 2 H2O.


very long-chain fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl-very-long-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]. A very long chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.


Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + FADH(2) + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + FAD + H+ + H2O.


germacrene A hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:(+)-(R)-germacrene A + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


7-deoxyloganate 7-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:  7-deoxyloganate + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O +  loganate + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an isoflavone + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = a 2'-hydroxyisoflavone + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


Golgi cell precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to Golgi cells. A Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


sarcosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sarcosine.


AGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGA codon.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


regulation of mRNA cap binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.


regulation of chromatin binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


regulation of receptor binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.


negative regulation of transferrin receptor binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.


negative regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.


negative regulation of apolipoprotein binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.


regulation of small GTPase binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase binding.


regulation of actin binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.


regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding.


regulation of ferrous iron binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.


regulation of C-C chemokine binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine binding.


regulation of transferrin receptor binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.


regulation of core promoter binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.


negative regulation of C-C chemokine binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine binding.


negative regulation of actin binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.


regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.


negative regulation of chemokine activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine activity.


regulation of microtubule plus-end binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.


regulation of GTP binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.


regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


regulation of mRNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.


negative regulation of growth hormone activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.


negative regulation of mRNA cap binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.


regulation of microtubule minus-end binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule minus-end binding.


negative regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.


regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.


regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding to single-stranded telomeric DNA.


regulation of chemokine activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine activity.


regulation of actin filament binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.


regulation of apolipoprotein binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.


regulation of telomeric DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.


regulation of triplex DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.


regulation of protein homodimerization activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.


negative regulation of mRNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.


negative regulation of euchromatin binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.


regulation of substance P receptor binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.


negative regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


regulation of heparan sulfate binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.


regulation of growth hormone activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.


negative regulation of small GTPase binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase binding.


regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


negative regulation of heparan sulfate binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.


negative regulation of polysome binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.


regulation of euchromatin binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.


regulation of collagen binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


regulation of lipid binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.


regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.


regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


negative regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.


regulation of protein heterodimerization activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.


regulation of recombination hotspot binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination hotspot binding.


negative regulation of ferrous iron binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.


negative regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding.


regulation of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


negative regulation of microtubule plus-end binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.


regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.


regulation of RNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.


negative regulation of triplex DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.


negative regulation of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


dishabituation

The temporary recovery of response to a stimulus when a novel stimulus is added.


geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = (2E,6E,10E,14E)-geranylfarnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.


D-allose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.


3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: divinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+ = monovinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4,6-disulfate.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation

The migration of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation

The migration of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


T-helper 1 cell extravasation

The migration of a T-helper 1 cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A T-helper 1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.


T-helper 17 cell extravasation

The migration of a T-helper 17 cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle

A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing glutamate.


cellular response to streptomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.


ABC-type quaternary ammonium compound transporting activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + quaternary ammonium(out) = ADP + H+ + phosphate + quaternary ammonium(in).


ABC-type glycine betaine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycine betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycine betaine(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (R)-carnitine(out) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(in) = (R)-carnitine(in) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(out).


glycine betaine:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine betaine(out) + H+(out) = glycine betaine(in) + H+(in).


quaternary ammonium group:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: quaternary ammonium group(out) + H+(out) = quaternary ammonium group(in) + H+(in).


glycine betaine:sodium:chloride symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine betaine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= glycine betaine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


ATPase-coupled hydroxyectoine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + hydroxyectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + hydroxyectoine(in/out).


N-methylnicotinate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of N-methylnicotinate from one side of a membrane to the other.


4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate from one side of a membrane to the other.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors, dinitrogen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces dinitrogen.


carbonyl sulfide nitrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbonyl sulfide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = hydrogen sulfide + carbon monoxide.


glucosylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. They are neutral glycolipids containing equimolar amounts of fatty acid, glucose, and sphingosine or a sphingosine derivative.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in).


low-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


high-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


high-affinity sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the secondary active high affinity transfer of sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is the transfer of a solute across a membrane, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind thesolute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


cobinamide phosphate guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GTP + 2 H+ = adenosylcobinamide-GDP + diphosphate.


peptidoglycan peptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of peptidoglycan peptides from one side of a membrane to the other. Peptidoglycan peptides are the oligopeptides found in peptidoglycan networks which cross-link the polysaccharide chains.


adult somatic muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


larval somatic muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 3-maleylpyruvate + H+.


lytic vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole.


6-hydroxynicotinate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + oxidized ferredoxin = 6-hydroxynicotinate + reduced ferredoxin.


thiocyanate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 H+ + thiocyanate = carbonyl sulfide + NH4.


response to methylphenidate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylphenidate stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + aminotriazole(in) = H+(in) + aminotriazole(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-glutamate(out) + H+(in) = L-glutamate(in) + H+(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: histidine(out) + histamine(in) = histidine(in) + histamine(out).


amino acid:monoatomic cation antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + monoatomic cation(in) = solute(in) + monoatomic cation(out). Monoatomic cations include H+, Mg2+, Ca2+, etc.


Catalysis of the reaction: aspartate(out) + alanine(in) = aspartate(in) + alanine(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: lysine(out) + cadaverine(in) = lysine(in) + cadaverine(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + L-alanine(in) = H+(in) + L-alanine(out).


bicarbonate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(in) + HCO3-(out) = solute(out) + HCO3-(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: GTP(out) + GDP(in) = GTP(in) + GDP(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acridine(in) = H+(in) + acridine(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine(out) + putrescine(in) = agmatine(in) + putrescine(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: tyrosine(out) + tyramine(in) = tyrosine(in) + tyramine(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + fluconazole(in) = H+(in) + fluconazole(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + benomyl(in) = H+(in) + benomyl(out).


metal cation:monoatomic cation antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(in) = solute(in) + Na+(out).


monoatomic ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any ion antiporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + tetracycline(in) = H+(in) + tetracycline(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + agmatine(in) = arginine(in) + agmatine(out).


urate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urate(out) + anion (in) = urate (in) + anion (out).


glutamate:gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutamate(out) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) = glutamate(in) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: tartrate(out) + succinate(in) = tartrate(in) + succinate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: citrate(out) + succinate(in) = citrate(in) + succinate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: putrescine(out) + ornithine(in) = putrescine(in) + ornithine(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + cycloheximide(in) = H+(in) + cycloheximide(out).


Catalysis of the active transport of a potassium ion across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


Enables the transport of L-aspartate and fumarate across a membrane according to the reaction L-aspartate (out) + fumarate (in) = L-aspartate (in) + fumarate (out).


calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


orotate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: orotate(out) + anion (in) = orotate (in) + anion (out).


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA(out) + CoA(in) = acetyl-CoA(in) + CoA(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + azole(in) = H+(in) + azole(out). Azoles are heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances.


Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + ornithine(in) = arginine(in) + ornithine(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + fumarate(in) = succinate(in) + fumarate(out).


regulation of photomorphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.


positive regulation of photomorphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.


caudal ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of caudal ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


somal translocation

The radial migration of cells from the ventricular zone that is independent of radial glial cells. Cells extend processes that terminate at the pial surface and follow the processes as they migrate.


gamma-tubulin complex localization to cytoplasmic side of mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the cytoplasmic side of the mitotic spindle pole body.


gamma-tubulin complex localization to nuclear side of mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the nuclear side of the mitotic spindle pole body.


gamma-tubulin complex localization to mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at a mitotic spindle pole body.


adventurous gliding motility

A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the rearward secretion of carbohydrate slime.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in magnetoreception

The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of torque on particles such as magnetite which respond to a magnetic field.


middle lamella

Layer of intercellular material, chiefly pectic substances, cementing together the primary walls of contiguous cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+ = 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + NADH + H+.


host cell mitochondrial outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.


host outer membrane

The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites, occurring in a host cell.


host cell nuclear outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.


host cell outer membrane

A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the cell envelope, occurring in a host cell.


host organelle outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope, occurring in a host cell.


cellular response to nonylphenol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonylphenol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: isoproturon + H2O = formaldehyde + monodemethylisoproturon + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


BtuCD complex

Protein complex involved in cobalamin (vitamin B12) transport through the plasma membrane. In E. coli, the complex is a tetramer and consists of the cytoplasmic ATPase BtuD homodimer together with the transmembrane BtuC homodimer.


euchromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to euchromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the euchromatin location and organization.


chromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to chromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the heterochromatin location and organization, or to enable equal segregation of the nuclear membrane during mitosis.


heterochromatin-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to heterochromatin and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to establish and maintain the heterochromatin location and organization.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


D-galactonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galactonate, the anion of D-galactonic acid.