negative regulation of myelination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


negative regulation of interleukin-5 production

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.


negative regulation of T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an oligodendrocyte. Oligodendrocytes belong to a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, where they form the insulating myelin sheath of axons.


ECI2_HUMAN Enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 2 (sprot)

An enoyl-CoA Delta isomerase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KHDR3_HUMAN KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated protein 3 (sprot)

A KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TADA3_HUMAN Transcriptional adapter 3 (sprot)

A transcriptional adapter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TAF5L_HUMAN TAF5-like RNA polymerase II p300/CBP-associated factor-associated factor 65 kDa subunit 5L (sprot)

A TAF5-like RNA polymerase II p300/CBP-associated factor-associated factor 65 kDa subunit 5L that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance.


EED_HUMAN Polycomb protein EED (sprot)

A polycomb protein EED that is encoded in the genome of human.


BAF_HUMAN Barrier-to-autointegration factor (sprot)

A barrier-to-autointegration factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitotic nuclear membrane reassembly

The mitotic cell cycle process involving ESCRTIII that results in reformation of the nuclear envelope after mitotic nuclear division. In organisms undergoing closed mitosis this involves resealing or 'repair' of the nuclear envelope in the nuclear bridge.


negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.


DNA integration

The process in which a DNA segment is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome.


SF3B1_HUMAN Splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (sprot)

A splicing factor 3B subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


splicing factor binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to a protein involved in the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to form the mature form of the RNA.


U2-type spliceosomal complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any spliceosomal complex that forms during the splicing of a messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron that has canonical consensus sequences near the 5' and 3' ends.


U11/U12 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that is formed by the association of the U11 and U12 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.


CSDE1_HUMAN Cold shock domain-containing protein E1 (sprot)

A cold shock domain-containing protein E1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, no-go decay

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA with stalls in translation elongation.


ZN821_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 821 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 821 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DAB1_HUMAN Disabled homolog 1 (sprot)

A disabled homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cerebellum structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


cell-cell adhesion involved in neuronal-glial interactions involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The interaction between two cells that modulates the association of a neuronal cell and a glial cell involved in glial-mediated radial cell migration in the cerebral cortex.


radial glia guided migration of Purkinje cell

The migration of postmitotic a Purkinje cell along radial glial cells from the ventricular zone to the Purkinje cell layer.


astrocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


radial glia-guided pyramidal neuron migration

The radial migration of a pyramidal neuron along radial glial cells.


WBP4_HUMAN WW domain-binding protein 4 (sprot)

A WW domain-binding protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SG2A1_HUMAN Mammaglobin-B (sprot)

A mammaglobin-B that is encoded in the genome of human.


STX11_HUMAN Syntaxin-11 (sprot)

A syntaxin-11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SKAP2_HUMAN Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 2 (sprot)

A Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


JERKY_HUMAN Jerky protein homolog (sprot)

A jerky protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRKRA_HUMAN Interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A (sprot)

An interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A that is encoded in the genome of human.


pre-miRNA binding

Binding to a precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) transcript, a stem-loop-containing precursor of microRNA.


pre-miRNA processing

A process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.


miRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional miRNA. Includes the cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.


RISC complex assembly

The process in which a single-stranded small RNA is incorporated within the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC). The assembly includes the maturation of the small RNA, the stabilization of the complex by accessory proteins of the RISC complex, duplex separation and the release of the second strand, forming a base-pairing completent complex that mediates gene silencing by small RNA.


RISC-loading complex

A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.


RF1M_HUMAN Peptide chain release factor 1, mitochondrial (sprot)

A peptide chain release factor 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


translation release factor activity

Involved in catalyzing the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.


translation release factor activity, codon specific

A translation release factor that is specific for one or more particular termination codons; acts at the ribosomal A-site and require polypeptidyl-tRNA at the P-site.


mitochondrial translational termination

The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in a mitochondrion, usually in response to a termination codon (note that mitochondria use variants of the universal genetic code that differ between different taxa).


RPC9_HUMAN DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC9 (sprot)

A DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA polymerase III complex

The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is a complex that contains 10 different types of subunits. These subunits are organized into 3 functionally essential sub-assemblies: the pol III core, the beta sliding clamp processivity factor and the clamp-loading complex. The pol III core carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities. The polymerase is tethered to the template via the sliding clamp processivity factor. The clamp-loading complex assembles the beta processivity factor onto the primer template and plays a central role in the organization and communication at the replication fork.


ITA10_HUMAN Integrin alpha-10 (sprot)

An integrin alpha-10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


collagen binding involved in cell-matrix adhesion

Any collagen binding that occurs as part of cell-matrix adhesion.


integrin alpha10-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha10 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


LRP6_HUMAN Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (sprot)

A low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with a low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the low-density lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis.


neural crest cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell.


negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


cellular response to cholesterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.


KS6A5_HUMAN Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 (sprot)

A ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H3S28 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 28) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 28) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 28 of histone H3.


histone H2AS1 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2A-serine (position 1) + ATP = histone H2A-phosphoserine (position 1) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 1 of histone H2A.


positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor CREB.


MED6_HUMAN Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 6 (sprot)

A mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MYCB2_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MYCBP2 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MYCBP2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


neuromuscular process

Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism.


regulation of axon guidance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon guidance.


FOXH1_HUMAN Forkhead box protein H1 (sprot)

A forkhead box protein H1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


secondary heart field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).


determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm

The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.


cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis

The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.


ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


embryonic heart tube anterior/posterior pattern specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of cell differentiation that results in the anterior/posterior subdivision of the embryonic heart tube. In Drosophila this results in subdivision of the dorsal vessel into to the posterior heart proper and the anterior aorta.


nodal signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by nodal protein binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


activin responsive factor complex

A transcriptionally active complex that binds to an activin response element (ARE) in the promoter of target genes, and is composed of two SMAD2 proteins, one SMAD4 protein and a Forkhead activin signal transducer (FAST) transcription factor.


PGRP1_HUMAN Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (sprot)

A peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain bacterial cell-wall glycopeptides.


peptidoglycan immune receptor activity

Combining with a peptidoglycan and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


peptidoglycan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


detection of bacterium

The series of events in which a stimulus from a bacterium is received and converted into a molecular signal.


negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation as part of an immune response.


biological process involved in interaction with host

An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.


CLC3A_HUMAN C-type lectin domain family 3 member A (sprot)

A C-type lectin domain family 3 member A that is encoded in the genome of human.


KBL_HUMAN 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase that is encoded in the genome of human.


glycine C-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glycine = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + CoA.


threonine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.


SPAG6_HUMAN Sperm-associated antigen 6 (sprot)

A sperm-associated antigen 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GCM2_HUMAN Chorion-specific transcription factor GCMb (sprot)

A chorion-specific transcription factor GCMb that is encoded in the genome of human.


UBP2_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPM3_HUMAN Nucleoplasmin-3 (sprot)

A nucleoplasmin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LYPA1_HUMAN Acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (sprot)

An acyl-protein thioesterase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-protein + H2O = palmitate + protein.


lipase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


protein depalmitoylation

The removal of palymitoyl groups from a lipoprotein.


negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.


LFTY1_HUMAN Left-right determination factor 1 (sprot)

A lefty 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ERAL1_HUMAN GTPase Era, mitochondrial (sprot)

A GTP-binding protein era that is encoded in the genome of human.


rRNA binding

Binding to a ribosomal RNA.


DEDD_HUMAN Death effector domain-containing protein (sprot)

A death effector domain-containing protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRDM1_HUMAN PR domain zinc finger protein 1 (sprot)

A PR domain zinc finger protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


maternal placenta development

Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


regulation of natural killer cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.


regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.


regulation of NK T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.


retinal bipolar neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a bipolar cell, the last neuron to be generated in the retina.


intestinal epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


sebum secreting cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of sebocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A sebocyte is an epithelial cell that makes up the sebaceous glands, and secrete sebum.


REM1_HUMAN GTP-binding protein REM 1 (sprot)

A GTP-binding protein REM 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.


CREG1_HUMAN Protein CREG1 (sprot)

A protein CREG1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UPK3A_HUMAN Uroplakin-3a (sprot)

A uroplakin-3a that is encoded in the genome of human.


potassium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions within an organism or cell.


sodium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions within an organism or cell.


urinary bladder development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urinary bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urinary bladder is an elastic, muscular sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion.


SPB7_HUMAN Serpin B7 (sprot)

A serpin B7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.


positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor production

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


FCN3_HUMAN Ficolin-3 (sprot)

A ficolin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


complement activation

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway.


negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.


CTAG2_HUMAN Cancer/testis antigen 2 (sprot)

A cancer/testis antigen 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


U520_HUMAN U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 200 kDa helicase (sprot)

A U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 200 kDa helicase that is encoded in the genome of human.


cis assembly of pre-catalytic spliceosome

Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the intact pre-mRNA and all of the spliceosomal snRNPs. This occurs when the tri-snRNP associates with the pre-mRNA and associated snRNPs in an ATP-dependent manner.


spliceosome conformational change to release U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11)

Rearrangement of the pre-catalytic spliceosome containing U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) snRNPs to unpair U4 (or U4atac) from U6 (or U6atac) and release it from the spliceosomal complex along with U1 (or U11).


U5 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U5, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U5 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U5 snRNA both while the U5 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


MTU1_HUMAN Mitochondrial tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase 1 (sprot)

A mitochondrial tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of 5-taurinomethyluridine in tRNA + a [protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine in tRNA + a [protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.


TIPRL_HUMAN TIP41-like protein (sprot)

A TIP41-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.


OFD1_HUMAN Centriole and centriolar satellite protein OFD1 (sprot)

A centriole and centriolar satellite protein OFD1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TM1L1_HUMAN TOM1-like protein 1 (sprot)

A TOM1-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of DNA biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.


KS6A4_HUMAN Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-4 (sprot)

A ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ribosomal protein S6 + ATP = ribosomal protein S6 phosphate + ATP.


RFPL1_HUMAN Ret finger protein-like 1 (sprot)

A ret finger protein-like 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of cell division

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.


positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis.


RFPL2_HUMAN Ret finger protein-like 2 (sprot)

A ret finger protein-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RFPL3_HUMAN Ret finger protein-like 3 (sprot)

A ret finger protein-like 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SURF6_HUMAN Surfeit locus protein 6 (sprot)

A surfeit locus protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


granular component

A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains nearly completed preribosomal particles destined for the cytoplasm.


PPM1B_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1B (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


N-terminal protein myristoylation

The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.


negative regulation of interferon-beta production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.


ADAP1_HUMAN Arf-GAP with dual PH domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

An Arf-GAP with dual PH domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.


KRA58_HUMAN Keratin-associated protein 5-8 (sprot)

A keratin-associated protein 5-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


structural constituent of skin epidermis

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an epidermal cutaneous structure.


UTP20_HUMAN Small subunit processome component 20 homolog (sprot)

A small subunit processome component 20 that is encoded in the genome of human.


endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 5'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (5'-ETS) and the 5' end of the SSU-rRNA of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.


endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable.


90S preribosome

A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.


NU155_HUMAN Nuclear pore complex protein Nup155 (sprot)

A nuclear pore complex protein Nup155 that is encoded in the genome of human.


atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in an atrial cardiac muscle cell.


XRP2_HUMAN Protein XRP2 (sprot)

A protein XRP2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SCRG1_HUMAN Scrapie-responsive protein 1 (sprot)

A scrapie-responsive protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXB3_HUMAN Gap junction beta-3 protein (sprot)

A gap junction beta-3 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


gap junction channel activity

A wide pore channel activity that enables a direct cytoplasmic connection from one cell to an adjacent cell. The gap junction can pass large solutes as well as electrical signals between cells. Gap junctions consist of two gap junction hemi-channels, or connexons, one contributed by each membrane through which the gap junction passes.


gap junction

A cell-cell junction composed of pannexins or innexins and connexins, two different families of channel-forming proteins.


GPX5_HUMAN Epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase (sprot)

An epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


STK16_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase 16 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase 16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WDHD1_HUMAN WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRTAP_HUMAN Cartilage-associated protein (sprot)

A cartilage-associated protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of post-translational protein modification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-translational protein modification.


S2512_HUMAN Electrogenic aspartate/glutamate antiporter SLC25A12, mitochondrial (sprot)

An electrogenic aspartate/glutamate antiporter SLC25A12, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


3-sulfino-L-alanine: proton, glutamate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteinesulfinate) (out) + H+(in) + L-glutamate(in) = 3-sulfino-L-alanine(in) + H+(out) + L-glutamate(out).


aspartate:glutamate, proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamate(out) = H+(in) + L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamate(in).


acidic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acidic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have side chains with a negative charge at pH 7.3.


aspartate family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


aspartate transmembrane transport

The process in which aspartate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


malate-aspartate shuttle

The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.


L-aspartate transmembrane transport

The directed movement of L-aspartate across a membrane.


modified amino acid transport

The directed movement of modified amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


P3C2G_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit gamma (sprot)

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


S22A3_HUMAN Solute carrier family 22 member 3 (sprot)

A solute carrier family 22 member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


histamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


monocarboxylic acid transport

The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of appetite

Any process which modulates appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.


epinephrine uptake

The directed movement of epinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


nuclear outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.


B3GL1_HUMAN UDP-GalNAc:beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A UDP-GalNAc:beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide.


glycosphingolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


TRPA1_HUMAN Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (sprot)

A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPA1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


temperature-gated cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens in response to a temperature stimulus (e.g. exposure to a temperature range different than the optimal temperature for that organism).


thermoception

The series of events required for an organism to receive a temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Thermoception in larger animals is mainly done in the skin; mammals have at least two types of sensor, for detecting heat (temperatures above body temperature) and cold (temperatures below body temperature).


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


TCEA3_HUMAN Transcription elongation factor A protein 3 (sprot)

A transcription elongation factor A protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RA51D_HUMAN DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4 (sprot)

A DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PALM_HUMAN Paralemmin-1 (sprot)

A paralemmin that is encoded in the genome of human.


D3 dopamine receptor binding

Binding to a D3 dopamine receptor.


synapse maturation

The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development.


negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


cellular response to electrical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.


RHBL1_HUMAN Rhomboid-related protein 1 (sprot)

A rhomboid-related protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RENR_HUMAN Renin receptor (sprot)

A renin receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


angiotensin maturation

The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of angiotensinogen into mature angiotensin in the blood.


central nervous system maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the central nervous system to attain its fully functional state. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


rostrocaudal neural tube patterning

The process in which the neural tube is divided into specific regions along the rostrocaudal axis.


eye pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


endosomal lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


head morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.


Golgi lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the Golgi lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient. The resulting transmembrane electrochemical potential of H+ is used to drive a variety of (i) secondary active transport systems via H+-dependent symporters and antiporters and (ii) channel-mediated transport systems. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. V-type ATPases are found in the membranes of organelles such as vacuoles, endosomes, and lysosomes, and in the plasma membrane.


vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain

The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.


vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the vacuolar membrane, where it acts as a proton pump to mediate acidification of the vacuolar lumen.


GRAP2_HUMAN GRB2-related adapter protein 2 (sprot)

A GRB2-related adapter protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNH2A_HUMAN Ribonuclease H2 subunit A (sprot)

A ribonuclease H2 subunit A that is encoded in the genome of human.


ribonuclease H2 complex

A protein complex that possesses ribonuclease H activity, in which the catalytic subunit is a member of the RNase H2 (or HII) class. For example, in Saccharomyces the complex contains Rnh201p, Rnh202p and Rnh203p.


CD123_HUMAN Cell division cycle protein 123 homolog (sprot)

A cell division cycle protein 123 that is encoded in the genome of human.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex.


UDB17_HUMAN UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 (sprot)

A UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZMY10_HUMAN Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 (sprot)

A zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of motile cilium assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly.


PR15A_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein phosphatase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a protein phosphatase.


positive regulation of translational initiation in response to stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.


negative regulation of protein dephosphorylation

Any process the stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.


regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation in response to stress by the dephosphorylation of eIF2 alpha.


protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum.


positive regulation of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation.


negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.


positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced eIF2alpha dephosphorylation.


protein phosphatase type 1 complex

A protein complex that possesses magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) activity, and consists of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulatory subunits that dictates the phosphatase's substrate specificity, function, and activity.


CAN15_HUMAN Calpain-15 (sprot)

A calpain-15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BCAR3_HUMAN Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 3 (sprot)

A breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


POP7_HUMAN Ribonuclease P protein subunit p20 (sprot)

A ribonuclease P protein subunit p20 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ribonuclease P RNA binding

Binding to RNA subunit of ribonuclease P.


tRNA 5'-leader removal

Generation of the mature 5'-end of the tRNA, usually via an endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase P.


ribonuclease MRP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the snoRNA family, and cleaves the rRNA precursor as part of rRNA transcript processing. It also has other roles: In S. cerevisiae it is involved in cell cycle-regulated degradation of daughter cell-specific mRNAs, while in mammalian cells it also enters the mitochondria and processes RNAs to create RNA primers for DNA replication.


nucleolar ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.


multimeric ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex that generally contains a single RNA molecule and several protein molecules. Examples of this complex are found in Archaeal species.


RPP40_HUMAN Ribonuclease P protein subunit p40 (sprot)

A ribonuclease P protein subunit p40 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZN189_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 189 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 189 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EIF3G_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G that is encoded in the genome of human.


EIF3J_HUMAN Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit J (sprot)

A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit J that is encoded in the genome of human.


CBR3_HUMAN Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 3 (sprot)

A carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


3-keto sterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxyl sterol + NADP+ = a 3-keto sterol + NADPH + H+.


carbonyl reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CHOH-R' + NADP+ = R-CO-R' + NADPH + H+.


NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + a quinone = NADP+ + a quinol.


NADPH binding

Binding to the reduced form, NADPH, of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.


phylloquinone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.


CNMD_HUMAN Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 1 (sprot)

A chondromodulin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


SPI2_HUMAN Serpin I2 (sprot)

A serpin I2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PSD10_HUMAN 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 10 (sprot)

A 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.


CIB2_HUMAN Calcium and integrin-binding family member 2 (sprot)

A calcium and integrin-binding family member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to ATP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.


muscle tendon junction

A cell-substrate junction found at the terminal anchorage site of skeletal muscle cells to tendons.


cuticular plate

A dense network of actin filaments found beneath the apical cell surface of hair cells, and into which stereocilia are inserted.


KLF7_HUMAN Krueppel-like factor 7 (sprot)

A krueppel-like factor 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.


negative regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.


negative regulation of adipose tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development.


UPK1B_HUMAN Uroplakin-1b (sprot)

A uroplakin-1b that is encoded in the genome of human.


AP1G2_HUMAN AP-1 complex subunit gamma-like 2 (sprot)

An AP-1 complex subunit gamma-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FACE1_HUMAN CAAX prenyl protease 1 homolog (sprot)

A CAAX prenyl protease 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of defense response to virus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the antiviral response of a cell or organism.


metalloexopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond not more than three residues from the N- or C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cardiac ventricle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


growth plate cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow.


inflammatory cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.


determination of adult lifespan

The pathways that regulate the duration of the adult phase of the life-cycle of an animal.


prenylated protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins.


regulation of hormone metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.


maintenance of rDNA

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats.


regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


positive regulation of gene expression via CpG island demethylation

An epigenetic gene regulation mechanism that positively regulates gene expression by demethylation of cytosine residues in chromosomal CpG islands. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.


cellular lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


kidney morphogenesis

Morphogenesis of a kidney. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.


response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


regulation of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


negative regulation of miRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing.


regulation of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase I transcription.


SC5D_HUMAN Lathosterol oxidase (sprot)

A lathosterol oxidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


delta7-sterol 5(6)-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a delta(7)-sterol + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ -> a delta(5,7)-sterol + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via desmosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate desmosterol.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via lathosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate lathosterol.


PPR37_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 37 (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 37 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TPC6A_HUMAN Trafficking protein particle complex subunit 6A (sprot)

A trafficking protein particle complex subunit 6A that is encoded in the genome of human.


CEAM4_HUMAN Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 4 (sprot)

A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IDHC_HUMAN Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic (sprot)

An isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human.


isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH.


glyoxylate cycle

A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate.


isocitrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle.


response to steroid hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.


regulation of phospholipid catabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of phospholipid catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.


GATB_HUMAN Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial (sprot)

A glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SCO1_HUMAN Protein SCO1 homolog, mitochondrial (sprot)

A protein SCO1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP7B1_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 7B1 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 7B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an oxysterol + NADPH + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxylated oxysterol + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (24S)-hydroxycholesterol + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = (24S)-7alpha-dihydroxycholesterol + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


Catalysis of the reactions: cholest-5-ene-3beta,25-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,25-triol + NADP+ + H2O, and cholest-5-ene-3beta,27-diol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha,27-triol + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + 27-hydroxycholesterol = H2O + NADP+ + 7-alpha,27-dihydroxycholesterol.


sterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia of the prostate gland are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.


ATRN_HUMAN Attractin (sprot)

An attractin that is encoded in the genome of human.


cerebellum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


RBBP9_HUMAN Serine hydrolase RBBP9 (sprot)

A serine hydrolase RBBP9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to nematode

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.


STAM2_HUMAN Signal transducing adapter molecule 2 (sprot)

A signal transducing adapter molecule 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TNF13_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 (human), isoforms alpha, beta, gamma, 4, and 5.


positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


AL1L1_HUMAN Cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (sprot)

A 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O + NADP+ = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + H+ + NADPH.


NADPH regeneration

A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


TUSC2_HUMAN Tumor suppressor candidate 2 (sprot)

A tumor suppressor candidate 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium

The directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.


ST1C4_HUMAN Sulfotransferase 1C4 (sprot)

A sulfotransferase 1C4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GABR2_HUMAN Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 (sprot)

A gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


neuron-glial cell signaling

Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a neuron to a glial cell. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules released by different types of neurons, e.g. glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline, acetylcholine, dopamine and adenosine.


G protein-coupled GABA receptor complex

A protein complex which is capable of G protein-coupled GABA receptor activity. In human, it is usually a heterodimer composed of GABA-B receptor subunits 1 and 2.


G protein-coupled receptor heterodimeric complex

A protein complex that contains two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of different subtypes. Formation of a GPCR heterodimer may alter the functional property of the GPCR.


GABA receptor complex

A protein complex which is capable of GABA receptor activity. Upon binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) it transmits the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Major inhibitory receptor in vertebrate brain. Also found in other vertebrate tissues, invertebrates and possibly in plants. Effective benzodiazepine receptor.


MMP23_HUMAN Matrix metalloproteinase-23 (sprot)

A matrix metalloproteinase-23 that is encoded in the genome of human.


reproduction

The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms.


RASF9_HUMAN Ras association domain-containing protein 9 (sprot)

A Ras association domain-containing protein 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.


DGAT1_HUMAN Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 2-acylglycerol = CoA + diacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CoA + triacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + retinol = CoA + retinyl ester.


monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a very-low-density lipoprotein particle.


long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.


diacylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


fatty acid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell.


SOAT2_HUMAN Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (sprot)

A sterol O-acyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a sterol ester.


cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + cholesterol = a cholesterol ester + CoA.


macrophage derived foam cell differentiation

The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


intestinal cholesterol absorption

Uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.


low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


CCNK_HUMAN Cyclin-K (sprot)

A cyclin-K that is encoded in the genome of human.


cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Cyclin-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


cyclin K-CDK12 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin K-CDK13 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


DHRS3_HUMAN Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3 (sprot)

A short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of ossification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


cardiac septum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart.


DGKI_HUMAN Diacylglycerol kinase iota (sprot)

A diacylglycerol kinase iota that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + ATP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + ADP + H+.


lipid phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.


PAK3_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to organic cyclic compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.


PRAF3_HUMAN PRA1 family protein 3 (sprot)

A PRA1 family protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of L-glutamate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


presynaptic cytosol

The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the presynapse.


RGS9_HUMAN Regulator of G-protein signaling 9 (sprot)

A regulator of G-protein signaling 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of calcium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion export across the plasma membrane.


SERF1_HUMAN Small EDRK-rich factor 1 (sprot)

A small EDRK-rich factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DYSF_HUMAN Dysferlin (sprot)

A dysferlin that is encoded in the genome of human.


monocyte activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


macrophage activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


PIAS1_HUMAN E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS1 (sprot)

An E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of protein sumoylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


protein-DNA complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex.


positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery.


nuclear periphery

The portion of the nuclear lumen proximal to the inner nuclear membrane.


PIAS2_HUMAN E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS2 (sprot)

An E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPF27_HUMAN Pre-mRNA-splicing factor SPF27 (sprot)

A pre-mRNA-splicing factor SPF27 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DCTN3_HUMAN Dynactin subunit 3 (sprot)

A dynactin subunit 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


microtubule-based process

Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.


cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis

A cytokinesis that involves the function of a set of proteins that are part of the microfilament or microtubule cytoskeleton.


dynactin complex

A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach.


BODG_HUMAN Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (sprot)

A gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate + O2 = carnitine + CO2 + succinate.


carnitine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


DNJC8_HUMAN DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 8 (sprot)

A DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SPF30_HUMAN Survival of motor neuron-related-splicing factor 30 (sprot)

A survival of motor neuron-related-splicing factor 30 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RAD17_HUMAN Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD17 (sprot)

A cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression.


Rad17 RFC-like complex

A pentameric protein complex related to replication factor C, which loads a trimeric complex of checkpoint proteins (known as the checkpoint clamp or 9-1-1 complex) onto DNA at damage sites; functions in DNA damage cell cycle checkpoints. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe the subunits are known as Rad17, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5, while in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the subunits are known as Rad24p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.


ATP5H_HUMAN ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial (sprot)

An ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Enables the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate by the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other by a rotational mechanism driven by a gradient according to the reaction: ADP + H2O + phosphate + H+(in) -> ATP + H+(out).


proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane.


LYZL6_HUMAN Lysozyme-like protein 6 (sprot)

A lysozyme-like protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.


sperm plasma membrane

A plasma membrane that is part of a sperm cell.


CABYR_HUMAN Calcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein (sprot)

A calcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


epithelial cilium movement involved in extracellular fluid movement

The directed, self-propelled movement of cilia of epithelial cells. Depending on the type of cell, there may be one or many cilia per cell. This movement is usually coordinated between many epithelial cells, and serves to move extracellular fluid.


sperm fibrous sheath

A cytoskeletal structure surrounding the axoneme and outer dense fibers of the sperm flagellum. Consists of two longitudinal columns connected by closely arrayed semicircular ribs that assemble from distal to proximal throughout spermiogenesis. The fibrous sheath probably influences the degree of flexibility, plane of flagellar motion, and the shape of the flagellar beat.


DNJB5_HUMAN DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 5 (sprot)

A DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TSN9_HUMAN Tetraspanin-9 (sprot)

A tetraspanin-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FLOT1_HUMAN Flotillin-1 (sprot)

A flotillin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.


plasma membrane raft organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane rafts.


regulation of receptor internalization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


dsRNA transport

The directed movement of dsRNA, double-stranded ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.


plasma membrane raft assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a plasma membrane raft.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development.


protein kinase C signaling

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


cell-cell contact zone

Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions, e.g., the intercalated disk of muscle.


flotillin complex

A protein complex that contains flotillin-1 and flotillin-2, and may contain associated proteins. Flotillins associate into membrane microdomains resembling caveolae.


CDKA2_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 2 (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.


regulation of stem cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division.


TRIO_HUMAN Triple functional domain protein (sprot)

A triple functional domain protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission

Any process, acting in the postsynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission.


ATP5L_HUMAN ATP synthase subunit g, mitochondrial (sprot)

An ATP synthase subunit g, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


AKAP3_HUMAN A-kinase anchor protein 3 (sprot)

An A-kinase anchor protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MPDZ_HUMAN Multiple PDZ domain protein (sprot)

A multiple PDZ domain protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


SNPC5_HUMAN snRNA-activating protein complex subunit 5 (sprot)

An snRNA-activating protein complex subunit 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RNA polymerase III general transcription initiation factor activity

A general transcription initiation factor activity that contributes to transcription start site selection and transcription initiation of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Factors required for RNA polymerase III transcription initiation include TFIIIA, TFIIIB and TFIIIC. RNA polymerase III transcribes genes encoding short RNAs, including tRNAs, 5S rRNA, U6 snRNA, the short ncRNA component of RNases P, the mitochondrial RNA processing (MRP) RNA, the signal recognition particle SRP RNA, and in higher eukaryotes a number of micro and other small RNAs, though there is some variability across species as to whether a given small noncoding RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III.


transcription initiation at RNA polymerase III promoter

A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase III gene promoter. Transfer RNAs (tRNA) genes, as well as some other non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase III.


snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


C1QRF_HUMAN C1q-related factor (sprot)

A C1q-related factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


climbing fiber

The axon of inferior olive neuron that projects to the cerebellar cortex, largely via the inferior cerebellar peduncle. They range in diameter from 1-3 um and are myelinated until they enter the granule cell layer. They give off collaterals to the deep cerebellar nuclei. They synapse extensively with the dendrites of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer, where each fiber branches repeatedly to climb along the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. Each Purkinje cell is innervated by only a single climbing fiber.


CBPD_HUMAN Carboxypeptidase D (sprot)

A carboxypeptidase D that is encoded in the genome of human.


serine-type carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from the C-terminus of a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


SASH3_HUMAN SAM and SH3 domain-containing protein 3 (sprot)

A SAM and SH3 domain-containing protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B cell proliferation

The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


positive regulation of organ growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.


OR2B3_HUMAN Putative olfactory receptor 2B3 (sprot)

A putative olfactory receptor 2B3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR2J3_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 2J3 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 2J3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR2J2_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 2J2 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 2J2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GLRX3_HUMAN Glutaredoxin-3 (sprot)

A glutaredoxin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


iron-sulfur cluster binding

Binding to an iron-sulfur cluster, a combination of iron and sulfur atoms.


regulation of the force of heart contraction

Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.


protein maturation by iron-sulfur cluster transfer

The transfer of an assembled iron-sulfur cluster from a scaffold protein to an acceptor protein that contributes to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


KT33A_HUMAN Keratin, type I cuticular Ha3-I (sprot)

A keratin, type I cuticular Ha3-I that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRT34_HUMAN Keratin, type I cuticular Ha4 (sprot)

A keratin, type I cuticular Ha4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRT36_HUMAN Keratin, type I cuticular Ha6 (sprot)

A keratin, type I cuticular Ha6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRT37_HUMAN Keratin, type I cuticular Ha7 (sprot)

A keratin, type I cuticular Ha7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KRT38_HUMAN Keratin, type I cuticular Ha8 (sprot)

A keratin, type I cuticular Ha8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RL1D1_HUMAN Ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WFS1_HUMAN Wolframin (sprot)

A wolframin that is encoded in the genome of human.


ER overload response

The series of molecular signals initiated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.


nervous system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.


negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.


negative regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.


positive regulation of ERAD pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERAD pathway.


negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.


ANXA9_HUMAN Annexin A9 (sprot)

An annexin A9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


acetylcholine receptor activity

Combining with an acetylcholine receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


synaptic transmission, cholinergic

The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


CLPX_HUMAN ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit clpX-like, mitochondrial (sprot)

An ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit clpX-like, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATP-dependent peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


peptidase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a peptidase.


proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.


endopeptidase Clp complex

A protein complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits. Enzymatically active and inactive complexes can form.


mitochondrial endopeptidase Clp complex

A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the mitochondrion.


NCTR1_HUMAN Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 (sprot)

A natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.


SEGN_HUMAN Secretagogin (sprot)

A secretagogin that is encoded in the genome of human.


transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.


CDKL5_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of dendrite development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.


NEBL_HUMAN Nebulette (sprot)

A nebulette that is encoded in the genome of human.


cardiac muscle thin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.


ERIT1_HUMAN Putative uncharacterized protein encoded by ERC2-IT1 (sprot)


NEUL1_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEURL1 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEURL1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


translation factor activity, non-nucleic acid binding

A translation regulator activity that does not involve binding to nucleic acids.


positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


positive regulation of synapse maturation

Any process that increases the extent of synapse maturation, the process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state.


S14L2_HUMAN SEC14-like protein 2 (sprot)

A SEC14-like protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


vitamin E binding

Binding to a vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


STC2_HUMAN Stanniocalcin-2 (sprot)

A stanniocalcin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of store-operated calcium entry

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium entry.


ERG24_HUMAN Delta(14)-sterol reductase TM7SF2 (sprot)

A Delta(14)-sterol reductase TM7SF2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


delta14-sterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = NADPH + H+ + 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3-beta-ol.


RNF8_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF8 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to ionizing radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


SYUG_HUMAN Gamma-synuclein (sprot)

A gamma-synuclein that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein secretion

The controlled release of proteins from a cell.


regulation of neurotransmitter secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell.


CIAO1_HUMAN Probable cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly protein CIAO1 (sprot)

A protein CIAO1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMXD complex

A protein complex that contains the proteins MMS19, MIP18 and XPD, localizes to mitotic spindle during mitosis, and is required for proper chromosome segregation.


CIA complex

The cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur clusters into apoproteins involved in DNA metabolism and genomic integrity.


PDE5A_HUMAN cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase (sprot)

A cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = a nucleoside 5'-phosphate.


regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


relaxation of cardiac muscle

The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced.


positive regulation of oocyte development

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


DFFB_HUMAN DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta (sprot)

A DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


DNA nuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.


DNA catabolic process

The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.


CCN5_HUMAN CCN family member 5 (sprot)

A CCN family member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZFAN5_HUMAN AN1-type zinc finger protein 5 (sprot)

An AN1-type zinc finger protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


RGS20_HUMAN Regulator of G-protein signaling 20 (sprot)

A regulator of G-protein signaling 20 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OCTN2_HUMAN Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (sprot)

An organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


amino-acid betaine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of betaine from one side of a membrane to the other. Betaine is the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


carnitine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carnitine across a membrane. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


response to symbiotic bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.


carnitine transport

The directed movement of carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


positive regulation of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance

Any process the increases the rate, frequency or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.


sodium-dependent organic cation transport

The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic cations into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


(R)-carnitine transport

The directed movement of a (R)-carnitine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


PDE9A_HUMAN High affinity cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A (sprot)

A high affinity cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A that is encoded in the genome of human.


cGMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.


GAGE7_HUMAN G antigen 7 (sprot)

A G antigen 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BEST1_HUMAN Bestrophin-1 (sprot)

A bestrophin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-.


transepithelial chloride transport

The directed movement of chloride ions from one side of an epithelium to the other.


FGF18_HUMAN Fibroblast growth factor 18 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor 18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


intramembranous ossification

Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.


SRP72_HUMAN Signal recognition particle subunit SRP72 (sprot)

A signal recognition particle subunit SRP72 that is encoded in the genome of human.


signal recognition particle binding

Binding to a signal recognition particle.


7S RNA binding

Binding to a 7S RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle (SRP).


signal recognition particle, endoplasmic reticulum targeting

A ribonucleoprotein particle of 325 kDa composed of a 7S (300 nucleotide) RNA molecule and a complex of six different polypeptides. This binds both to the N-terminal signal peptide for proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum as they emerge from the large ribosomal subunit and also to the ribosome. This binding arrests further translation thereby preventing the proteins from being released into the cytosol. The SRP-ribosome complex then diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is bound to the signal recognition particle receptor, which allows resumption of protein synthesis and facilitates the passage of the growing polypeptide chain through the translocon. Through a process involving GTP hydrolysis, the SRP-SRP receptor complex dissociates and SRP returns to the cytosol. Of the six polypeptides of SRP the 54 kDa subunit (SRP54) is the central player. It contains an N-terminal GTPase domain and a C-terminal domain that binds directly to the signal peptide and the SRP RNA. Examples of this component are found in Mus musculus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana.


signal recognition particle

A complex of protein and RNA which facilitates translocation of proteins across membranes.


JTB_HUMAN Protein JTB (sprot)

A protein JTB that is encoded in the genome of human.


CYTF_HUMAN Cystatin-F (sprot)

A cystatin-F that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of peptidase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


multivesicular body

A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.


OR7C1_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 7C1 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 7C1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OR7AA_HUMAN Olfactory receptor 7A10 (sprot)

An olfactory receptor 7A10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DXO_HUMAN Decapping and exoribonuclease protein (sprot)

A decapping and exoribonuclease protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


5'-3' exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 5' end.


mRNA 5'-diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a 5' terminal diphosphate from the 5'-triphosphate end of an mRNA, leaving a 5'-monophosphate end.


RNA NAD-cap (NAD-forming) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end NAD+-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H+ + NAD+.


RNA destabilization

Any process that decreases the stability of an RNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes.


nuclear mRNA surveillance

A process that identifies and degrades defective or aberrant mRNAs within the nucleus.


NAD-cap decapping

Cleavage of the 5'-NAD-cap of an RNA. The NAD-cap is present at the 5'-end of some RNAs in both bacetria and eukaryotes. While it promotes RNA stability in bacteria, it promotes RNA decay in eukaryotes.


TRPM2_HUMAN Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 (sprot)

A transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADP-ribose diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribose + H2O = AMP + D-ribose 5-phosphate.


manganese ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of manganese (Mn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


mono-ADP-D-ribose binding

Binding to monomeric ADP-D-ribose, an ADP-aldose having ribose as the aldose fragment.


ligand-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ions by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


response to purine-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.


calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium source

The series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions released from an intracellular store to convert a signal into a response.


regulation of filopodium assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.


cellular response to purine-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.


cellular response to temperature stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.