corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the internal capsule

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral cortex through the internal capsule in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


deoxyribonucleotide binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to a deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any convergent extension that is involved in notochord morphogenesis.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxybenzoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate = glycolaldehyde + pyruvate.


regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.


cell morphogenesis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The shape change of an epithelial cell from a columnar to squamous cell morphology that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.


propionate catabolic process, 2-methylcitrate cycle

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate that occurs in the 2-methylcitrate cycle.


negative regulation of tube lumen cavitation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tube lumen cavitation.


regulation of meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a meristem.


negative regulation of brood size

Any process that decreases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, another compound as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate = 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate.


cellulose microfibril organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose microfibril, any of the cellulose structures laid down in orthogonal layers in a plant cell wall.


benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + CO2 + NAD+.


trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


electron transporter, transferring electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = protocatechuate + NADP+ + H2O.


formate-dihydrofolate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrofolate + ATP + formate = 10-formyldihydrofolate + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, reductase/isomerase pathway

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to trans-2-enoyl-CoA by 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase and delta3-delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase; trans-2-enoyl-CoA returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an ectoderm cell.


inorganic ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell.


modulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


low-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + H(out)+ = glucose(in) + H(in)+. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


perturbation by symbiont of host actin cytoskeleton via actin polymerization

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by polymerizing the host filamentous actin. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


bradykinin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptide hormone bradykinin.


quercetin 3-rhamnoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin-3-rhamnoside-7-rhamnoside + UDP.


endocardial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart.


lymphocyte costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B- or T cell receptor to augment B- or T cell activation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-6-methylthiohexanoate + a standard alpha amino acid <=> dihomomethionine + a 2-oxo carboxylate.


pyruvyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a pyruvyl (oxopropanoyl) group from one compound to another.


lipopolysaccharide-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the host cell surface.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + coenzyme A(4-) + NAD(1-) <=> isovaleryl-CoA(4-) + carbon dioxide + NADH(2-).


G protein-coupled cytokinin receptor activity

Combining with cytokinin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


nucleoside phosphate binding

Binding to nucleoside phosphate.


regulation of amoeboid sperm motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.


2-aminobenzenesulfonate desulfonation

The removal of the sulfonate group from 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.


mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


regulation of dauer entry

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.


negative regulation of zinc ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to symbiont

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiont, an organism living with an organism of a different species in close physical association. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of pentasaccharide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.


cardiac neural crest cell delamination involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any cardiac neural crest cell delamination that is involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


root cap mucilage biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


synergid death

Synergid cells undergo degeneration and death in response to penetration by the pollen tube. It is an active process that involves a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles.


(R)-citramalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (R)-citramalate + CoA.


mandelate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-mandelate = (R)-mandelate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxyanthraquinone + UDP-D-glucose = a glucosyloxyanthraquinone + UDP.


dihydroneopterin monophosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin monophosphate = dihydroneopterin + phosphate.


eclosion

The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case.


conidiophore stalk development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


short neuropeptide F receptor activity

Combining with a short neuropeptide F and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Short neuropeptide F is an arthropod peptide of less than 28 residues (as small as 8-10 residues in some species) with a C-terminal RFamide or LRFamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione = formaldehyde + glutathione.


octadecanal decarbonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octadecanal = heptadecane + CO.


nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized. In some species of rhabitid nematodes, the male tail tip undergoes a morphological change such that the most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail (hyp8-11 in C. elegans) fuse and retract anteriorly, changing the shape of the tail from a pointed, tapered cone, or spike, to a rounded, blunt dome.


type I pilus assembly

The assembly from its constituent parts of a type I pilus.


ferulate 5-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferulic acid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 5-hydroxyferulic acid + H2O + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1,4-N1-D-glucooligosaccharide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + oligosaccharide containing 6-methyl-D-glucose units.


aldaric acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of host IRF9 activity

Any process in which a virus interferes with a JAK1-STAT signaling cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host IRF9 (interferon regulatory factor-9), a transcription factor involved in the innate immune response. Viral infection triggers binding of IRF9 to phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT2, forming the ISGF3 complex. The ISGF3 complex migrates to the nucleus and activates transcription of IFN-responsive genes.


isovaleryl-CoA(4-) biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isovaleryl-CoA(4-).


gamma-delta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive gamma-delta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell and contributes to an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


dimethyl sulfoxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO (C2H6OS), an alkyl sulfoxide that is practically odorless in its purified form. As a highly polar organic liquid, it is a powerful solvent. Its biological activities include the ability to penetrate plant and animal tissues and to preserve living cells during freezing.


cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-isopropylphenol + O2 + NADH + H+ = 3-isopropylcatechol + H2O + NAD.


root morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support.


Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + 1/2 O2 + H+ = HSO3(-) + 4-hydroxytoluene.


ABC-type taurine transporter transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + taurine(out) = ADP + phosphate + taurine(in).


glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycolaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = glycolate + 2 H+ + NADH.


cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase activity (reducing end)

Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + a cellodextrin = n beta-cellobiose, releasing cellobiose from the reducing ends of the chains.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


sesquiterpene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.


O-linoleoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a linoleoyl ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl) group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


cellular response to L-dopa

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-dopa stimulus.


histone H3-K9 demethylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in heart morphogenesis

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N1-methylguanine.


mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.


miltiradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = diphosphate + miltiradiene.


Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + UDP.


intracellular cysteine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of cysteine within a cell.


mycothiol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside + acetyl-CoA = mycothiol + coenzyme A + H+. Mycothiol is also known as AcCys-GlcN-Ins and 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-L-cysteinylamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as Cys-GlcN-Ins or desacetylmycothiol.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


metaplastic ossification

Direct ossification in which bone formation occurs as result of the direct transformation of non-bone cells into bone cells without cell division.


regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.


carbohydrate utilization

A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary carbohydrate sources,usually glucose, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary carbohydrate source and to transport and metabolize alternate carbohydrate sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects carbohydrate levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize carbohydrates, and ends when the carbohydrate is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-dependent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids via isopentenyl diphosphate, synthesized by the mevalonate pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-dependent terpenoid biosynthesis, acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, is converted to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


chlorophyll a metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll a.


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase.


regulation of system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.


kidney mesenchymal cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population in the kidney.


endothelial tube lumen extension involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

Any endothelial tube lumen extension that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by chemokine CCL5 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


embryo sac cellularization

The process in which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


aryl-acylamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anilide + H2O = a carboxylate + aniline + H+.


pilus retraction

The process of withdrawing a pilus back into a cell.


D-amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


linoleate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate = 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate.


mandelate 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-mandelate + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + H2O. (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate is also known as S-mandelate.


negative regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.


ectoine binding

Binding to ectoine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid.


octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate = 5 diphosphate + all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate.


histone H3-K4 dimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.


meiotic metaphase I

The cell cycle phase, following prophase I, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis I.


cellular response to dimethyl sulfoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dimethyl sulfoxide stimulus.


nitroglycerin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroglycerin, a well-known nitrate ester and an important component of dynamite and other propellants. Toxic to algae, invertebrate, and vertebrates.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = CH3CH2NH2 + cyanuric acid.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


apical constriction involved in gastrulation

The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


mevaldate reductase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + NAD+ = H+ + mevaldate + NADH.


regulation of heart induction by regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that regulates heart induction. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart induction is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by relaying of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


cresol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.


mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity

A translation repressor activity that acts by base-pairing with an mRNA. The binding can result in targeting the mRNA for degradation or interfering with mRNA translation, hence resulting in posttranscriptional gene silencing.


adenosine-phosphate deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an adenosine-phosphate + H20 = an inosine phosphate + NH3. Catalyzes the deamination of AMP, ADP or ATP.


protein localization to rhabdomere

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a rhabdomere.


regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.


ribonuclease G activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of single-stranded RNA that is monophosphorylated at its 5'-end; cleavage occurs predominantly at positions 5 and 6 nucleotides from the 5'-end and in A + U-rich regions, and is blocked by the presence of a 5'-triphosphate group.


small molecule biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


Catalyzes the reaction: L-Tryptophan + Oxygen + NADPH + H+ = N-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O.


transepithelial migration of symbiont in host

The directional movement of an organism from one side of an epithelium to the other within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


establishment of B cell polarity

The directed orientation of B cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient of a contact point with an antigen displaying cell.


2-micrometer plasmid partitioning

The process in which copies of the 2-micrometer plasmid, found in fungi such as Saccharomyces, are distributed to daughter cells upon cell division.


N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-serine.


benzoate catabolic process via hydroxylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its hydroxylation to cis-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate followed by dehydrogenation to catechol.


establishment or maintenance of monopolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell.


chlorophyllide-a:geranyl-geranyl diphosphate geranyl-geranyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + chlorophyllide a(1-) + 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate(3-) <=> geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 sucrose = D-glucose + 1F-beta-D-fructosylsucrose.


positive regulation of collagen metabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


regulation of testosterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.


response to carbon starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of a carbon source.


23S rRNA (guanine(1835)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1835) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


positive regulation of seed dormancy process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.


neuroblast fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


anaerobic benzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the absence of oxygen.


kanamycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving kanamycin.


cell swimming

Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-hexose + acyl phosphate = D-hexose phosphate + an acid.


regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-5-epi-aristolochene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + 2 O2 <=> capsidiol + 2 NADP + 2 H2O.


mating projection actin fusion focus assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an actin fusion focus.


ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell autophagic cell death

Any process induced by ecdysone that directly activates salivary gland programmed cell death during salivary gland histolysis.


aeciospore formation

The process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + fumarate = alpha-iminosuccinate + succinate.


4-chlorobenzoate dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoate + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + chloride + H+.


homoserine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of homoserine from one side of a membrane to the other. Homoserine is alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


cellular response to bismuth

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus.


male pronuclear envelope synthesis

Assembly of a nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores and a lamina around the male pronucleus, the final step in sperm pronuclear formation.


quorum sensing

The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms carry out coordinated responses by monitoring their own population density, and often also that of other microbes, by producing small, diffusible, signal molecules, detecting the concentration of these molecules, and triggering a signal transduction pathway when a certain threshold is reached. Quorum sensing can occur amongst microbial communities in the environment or within host organisms.


cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-L-cysteine

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-L-cysteine.


cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the mesonephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: dATP + depurinated DNA = ribose triphosphate + DNA.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of acinar cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation.


K antigen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.


avenasterol-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: avenasterol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 5-dehydroavenasterol + 2 H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-methylbutyronitrile + NADPH + O2 <=> H2O + NADP + 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyronitrile.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-D-(1->2)-(4-O-methyl)glucuronosyl links in the main chain of hardwood xylans.


caprolactam metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. It can cause local irritation.


adenylylselenate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylselenate => ADP + 3'-phosphoadenylylselenate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + betanidin <=> H+ + betanin + UDP.


tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings.


reuteran metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.


trimethylamine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + H2O + electron-transferring flavoprotein = dimethylamine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein.


ABC-type doxorubicin transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + doxorubicin(in) = ADP + phosphate + doxorubicin(out).


macrophomate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-pyrone + oxalacetate = macrophomate.


ethanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.


primary leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the primary leaflet attains its shape. A primary leaflet is a leaflet that develops directly from the rachis.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonatoacetaldehyde + H2O + NAD <=> sulfonatoacetate + NADH + 2 H+.


UDPsulfoquinovose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + UDP-D-glucose = H2O + UDP-6-sulfoquinovose.


ecdysteroid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids ubiquitous in insects and other arthropods, in which they initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.


proteasome complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a proteasome complex into its constituent components.


cellular response to type III interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + hexadecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


positive regulation of phialide development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.


histone glutamine methylation

The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to an glutamine residue.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


organic cyclic compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic cyclic compound.


guanosine tetraphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.


trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a soluble gas ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


chanoclavine-I aldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chanoclavine-I aldehyde.


cardiac neural crest cell delamination

The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a cardiac neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group act as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose + a [protein]-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline <=> a protein-O-(beta-L-arabinofuranose)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + UDP + H+.


modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation, in a different organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-beta-D-heptose-1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-D-glycero-D-manno-heptose.


peptide cross-linking via 2'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-histidine

The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a 2'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-histidine protein cross-link.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to an expansion of the population of cardiac muscle cells.


phosphotransferase activity, paired acceptors

Catalysis of the transfer of two phosphate groups from a donor, such as ATP, to two different acceptors.


conjugant formation

During conjugation without cellular fusion, the process that results in pairing complementary mating types. Localized morphological, cytological, and cytoskeletal changes connect the mating types without cytoplasmic mixing.


phosphagen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin + H2 = N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin.


plant-type cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth

The series of events that occur during cell growth that result in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls of the type composed chiefly of cellulose and pectin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


glucosamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.


2-oxoadipate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyadipate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + H+ + NADH.


medulla oblongata maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the medulla oblongata to attain its fully functional state. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


negative regulation of neutrophil aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.


positive regulation of flower development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


cellular response to molecule of oomycetes origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.


viral genome integration into host DNA

The insertion into a host genome of viral DNA, usually by the action of an integrase enzyme. Once integrated, the provirus persists in the host cell and serves as a template for the transcription of viral genes and replication of the viral genome, leading to the production of new viruses.


diaphragm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the diaphragm are generated and organized.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation.


cinnamic acid ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


positive regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


conidium formation

The process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


tyrosine catabolic process to fumarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including fumarate.


fumonisin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumonisin.


deep nuclear neuron precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to deep nuclear neurons.


regulation of maltohexaose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.


luteolin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.


mammillary axonal complex development

The progression of the mammillary axonal complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillary axonal complex is formed by the axons from the lateral, medial mammillary and the dorsal premammillary nuclei which share a branching pattern. Every neuron gives off one axonal stem that bifurcates into 2 branches. One of the branches is directed dorsally to the thalamus and another caudally to the midbrain.


regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system.


biotin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dethiobiotin + S(2-) = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + biotin + H+.


primary metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.


positive regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.


cellular response to chlorate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.


homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + homogentisate + H+ <=> diphosphoric acid + 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranyl-1,4-benzoquinol + carbon dioxide.


styrene-oxide isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: styrene oxide = phenylacetaldehyde.


snRNA stem-loop binding

Binding to a stem-loop in a small nuclear RNA (snRNA). An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop.


olfactory bulb tufted cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an olfactory bulb tufted cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


bacterial-type flagellum assembly

The assembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.


mitochondrion inheritance

The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton.


dibenzofuran metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzofuran is a white crystalline solid created from the production of coal tar and used as an insecticide and an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus by nuclear egress

The directed movement of an assembled viral particle out of the host cell nucleus by budding and fusion through the nuclear membranes. In this process, enveloped viral particles are formed by budding through the inner nuclear membrane. These perinuclear enveloped particles then fuse with the outer nuclear membrane to deliver a naked capsid into the host cytoplasm.


glomerular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


regulation of platelet formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxypyridine + O2 + H+ + NADPH = pyridine-3,4-diol + H2O + NADP+.


(S)-cheilanthifoline synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-cheilanthifoline + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


cytoplasmic U snRNP body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic U snRNP body.


intermediate mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


7-deoxyloganetic acid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-deoxyloganetate <=> H+ + 7-deoxyloganate + UDP.


double membrane vesicle viral factory assembly

A process that results in the assembly of a cytoplasmic viral factory consisting of a double-membrane bound vesicle.


pyoverdine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyoverdine.


cellular response to actin cytoskeletal stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of perturbations or damage to the actin cytoskeleton.


hydroxylamine reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + NAD+ + H2O = hydroxylamine + NADH + H+.


L-galactonolactone oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-ascorbate + H2O2 + H+.


toxin export channel activity

Enables the energy independent passage of toxins, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane towards the outside of the cell. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


single-celled organism vegetative growth phase

A phase of population growth during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding, fission, or other asexual methods.


spore-bearing structure development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore-bearing structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.


response to L-cysteine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-cysteine stimulus.


maintenance of DNA trinucleotide repeats

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA trinucleotide repeats. DNA trinucleotide repeats are naturally occurring runs of three base-pairs.


4-AD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate + H2O = pyruvate + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde.


GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


intermediate mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an intermediate mesoderm cell.


violaceol I metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol I.


squalene cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = triterpene.


calcitonin family receptor activity

Combining with any member of the calcitonin family (e.g. adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin), amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol + pyruvate = 1D-1-guanidino-1-deoxy-3-dehydro-scyllo-inositol + L-alanine.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH + succinyl-CoA.


octanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl (CH3-[CH2]6-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


regulation of response to acetate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H+ + NADH + O2 = 1-acyl-2-[(S)-12-hydroxyoleoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O + NAD+.


alpha-D-xyloside xylohydrolase

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-xylose residues with release of alpha-D-xylose.


cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion.


viral budding from endoplasmic reticulum membrane

A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host ER membrane.


violaceol II metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol II.


protein localization to chloroplast

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a chloroplast.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host inflammasome-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or stops an  inflammasome-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism by  interfering with its normal execution. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


formimidoylaspartate deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-aspartate + H2O = N-formyl-L-aspartate + NH3.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


mature follicle stage

The stage in oogenesis when the antrum is swollen with follicular fluid. The ovum is ready to erupt from the ovary and is arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division.


amylopectin maltohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + an exposed unphosphorylated, unbranched malto-oligosaccharide tail on amylopectin <=> amylopectin + maltose.


suppression of host cell cycle progression

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or stops progression through the host cell cycle.


leukotriene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.


6'-deoxychalcone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = 4 CoA + isoliquiritigenin + 3 CO2 + NADP+ + H2O.


glucose catabolic process to butyrate

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of acetic acid, butyric acid, carbon dioxide (CO2), and dihydrogen; effected by some saccharolytic species of Clostridium, e.g. C. butyricum.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = 2-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H+ + UDP.


PR-toxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of PR-toxin, a bicyclic sesquiterpene belonging to the eremophilane class and acting as a mycotoxin.


glutamate N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + L-glutamate = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + L-ornithine.


aminobenzoate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4(or 2)-aminobenzoate = aniline + CO2.


bacteriochlorophyll c binding

Binding to bacteriochlorophyll c, a chlorophyll of photosynthetic bacteria, for example green sulfur bacteria.


homocitrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + H+ + homocitrate.


peptidyl-serine modification

The modification of peptidyl-serine.


ubiquinone-6 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + choline = O-sinapoylcholine + D-glucose.


1-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 1-phenanthrylsulfate.


tryptophan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; tryptophan is synthesized from chorismate via anthranilate.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.


ammelide aminohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ammelide + H2O = cyanuric acid + NH3.


histone H2B ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H2B substrate.


cellotriose binding

Binding to cellotriose.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + diphosphate.


estrus

The estrous cycle phase in which a female is sexually receptive.


photosynthesis, dark reaction

A complex cycle of enzyme-mediated reactions which catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugar. As well as carbon dioxide the cycle requires reducing power in the form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The reduced NADP (NADPH) and ATP are produced by the 'light' reactions.


indolin-2-one monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hercynylcysteine sulfoxide.


cell-to-cell migration in host

The directional movement of a symbiont from one host cell to another.


thrombocyte activation

A cell activation process that occurs in thrombocytes and consists of a series of progressive, overlapping events including shape change, adhesiveness, and aggregation, which, when carried through to completion, lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. Thrombocytes are nucleated cells found in non-mammalian vertebrates and are involved in hemostasis. They are the functional equivalent of the non-nucleated platelets found in mammals.


N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine

The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine.


protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the actomyosin contractile ring.


cuneatus tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the cuneatus tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the upper trunk and upper limb.


Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + a monosaccharide 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-monosaccharide.


response to trehalose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.


tricarboxylic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


cellular component organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.


disruption of host cell glycocalyx during viral entry

The disruption of host cell glycocalyx by viral proteins during virus entry.


nylon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.


cis-zeatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


beta-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


positive regulation of retina development in camera-type eye

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.


structural constituent of presynaptic actin cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


ITP binding

Binding to ITP.


hypoblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hypoblast is a tissue formed from the inner cell mass that lies beneath the epiblast.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenazine-1-carboxylate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


centrolateral axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the centrolateral axis. In plants, this axis is duplicated and runs from the midrib to the margin of the leaf.


meiotic telophase I

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


peptide cross-linking via glycine oxazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


central B cell positive selection

Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the bone marrow. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


methane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP + NH4 = 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.


fructose 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + A = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + AH(2).


trimming of first mannose on A branch

The removal of the first alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the A-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


Catalysis of the reaction: steviolmonoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rubusoside + UDP + H+.


arsenate ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an arsenate ion from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the exohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan.


lipid A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of four to six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. Further modifications of the backbone are common.


posterior lateral line neuromast cupula development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.


histone H3K4 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to a virus.


(+)-pulegone reductase, (-)-menthone as substrate, activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.


small intestinal transit

Migration of ingested material along the length of the small intestine.


regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial scaffolds. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


high-affinity oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


negative regulation of iridophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


sulfonate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = sulfite + aminoacetaldehyde + succinate + CO2.


positive regulation of negative chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


mesonephric collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid + H2O = L-2-amino acid + NH3 + CO2. The N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid is a 2-ureido carboxylate.


negative regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.


phage shock

A response by bacterial cells to a variety of stresses including filamentous phage infection, mislocalization of envelope proteins, extremes of temperature, osmolarity or ethanol concentration, and the presence of proton ionophores such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), that involves expression of the phage shock protein operon, and acts to protect the bacterial cells from damage.


imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


conidiophore development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.


1-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 1-naphthoic acid + NADH + H+.


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, dGTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + dGTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + dGDP.


arachidonic acid 8,9-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


glucuronoxylan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid side units.


negative regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.


regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or location of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope.


succinyl-CoA binding

Binding to succinyl-CoA, an omega-carboxyacyl-CoA having succinoyl as the S-acyl component.


formamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.


pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

The reorganization or renovation of existing pulmonary blood vessels.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 3-alpha-hydroxy-5-beta-androstane-17-one = NADH + H+ + 5-beta-androstane-3,17-dione.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H+ + isochorismate = 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate + CO2.


protein-glutathione oxidoreductase (glutathione) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionylated protein (PSSG) + glutathione (GSH) = protein-thiol (PSH) + glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The reaction may proceed via a 'monothiol' or 'dithiol' mechanism.


styrene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: styrene + NADPH + FADH + O2 = NADP+ + FAD+ + H2O + styrene oxide.


cytochrome P450 4A1-heme linkage

The covalent linkage of heme to cytochrome P450 4A1 via hydroxyheme-L-glutamyl ester.


amylopectin binding

Binding to amylopectin.


licheninase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in beta-D-glucans containing (1->3) and (1->4) bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XSO3- = 1-pyrenylsulfate + HX.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-methionine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-methionine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


neural plate elongation

The process in which the neural plate is shaped by the intrinsic movement of the epidermal and neural plate regions.


positive regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.


3-cyanoalanine hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine = 3-cyano-L-alanine + H2O + H+.


cystine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-cysteine + NAD+ = L-cystine + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.


jasmonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative with the formula (1R-(1 alpha, 2 beta(Z)))-3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid.


4-hydroxyproline epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthaldehyde + O2 + H2O = H+ + 1-naphthoate + hydrogen peroxide.


linear primary-alkylsulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a primary linear alkyl sulfate ester + H2O =>a primary alcohol + H(+) + sulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + 2,6-dibromophenol.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + diphosphate = glycerol 1-phosphate + H+ + phosphate.


melatonin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


detection of dietary excess

The neurological process in which the brain senses excessive caloric intake.


3-monobromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-monobromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = bisphenol A + HBr.


perturbation by virus of G2/M transition of host mitotic cell cycle

A process in which a virus interferes with the progression of the host mitotic cell cycle from G2 phase to M phase, leading to arrest in G2 phase.


RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with guanosine as nucleophile

Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile.


D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-ribulose forming (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-ribulose + NADPH + H+.


NADP-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NADP-malic enzyme.


ribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.


regulation of response to red or far red light

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to red or far red light.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


foraging behavior by probing substrate

Foraging behavior in which an anatomical part of the organism is inserted into the substrate to locate food.


negative regulation of anterior head development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


wobble position guanine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of guanosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


(1->4)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


detection of osmotic stimulus

The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.


fetal process involved in parturition

A reproductive process occurring in the embryo that results in birth.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.


cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 = 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3.


phagosome reneutralization

Any process that increases the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, as part of the process of phagosome maturation.


3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid + coenzyme A = AMP + diphosphate + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoyl-CoA + H+. 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid is also known as OPC-8:0.


viral release via disruption of host outer membrane

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell via the destabilization of the cell outer membrane.


peptidyl-cysteine S-acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-acetyl-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + [dinitrogen reductase] = nicotinamide + ADP-D-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase].


induction by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

The activation by an organism of a flux of calcium ions that occurs as part of the defense response of a host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior symmetry

The establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.


avascular cornea development in camera-type eye

The progression of an avascular cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Corneal avascularity (the absence of blood vessels in the cornea) is required for optical clarity and optimal vision. Avascular corneas are present in most animals, except Manatees.


slug development involved in sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the slug over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Slug development begins when the aggregate rises upwards to form a finger-shaped structure and ends when culmination begins. Slug development begins after aggregation and ends before culmination in sorocarp development.


positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


transforming growth factor beta2 activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta2) from its latent state.


glycerol ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.


N-acylhexosamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O + O2 = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + H2O2 + H+.


glycolytic process via Entner-Doudoroff Pathway

A glycolytic process in which the glucose is catabolized to pyruvate by first entering the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to yield pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is subsequently converted to pyruvate by the core glycolytic enzymes.


asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation

Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell.


disruption by symbiont of host chloroplast thylakoid

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell chloroplast thylakoid. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: zinc(out) + HCO3-(out) + HO3Se-(out) = zinc(in) + HCO3-(in) + HO3Se-(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N,N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by local renal renin-angiotensin

The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the kidney modulate the force with which blood passes through the renal circulatory system. The process begins when renin cleaves angiotensinogen.


meiotic prophase I

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis I and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


phosphoarginine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.


response to acetaldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetaldehyde stimulus.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


orcinol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + orcinol = 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene + H2O + NAD+.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-ketoglutarate(out) + H+(out) = alpha-ketoglutarate(in) + H+(in).


terpene synthase activity

Catalysis of the formation of cyclic terpenes through the cyclization of linear terpenes (e.g. isopentenyl-PP, geranyl-PP, farnesyl-PP and geranylgeranyl-PP) containing varying numbers of isoprene units.


UDP-glucosamine 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucosamine = UDP-galactosamine.


renal phosphate excretion

The elimination of phosphate ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


modulation by symbiont of host cellular process

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.


protein C-linked glycosylation via tryptophan

The glycosylation of a carbon atom of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue.


interleukin-19 production

The appearance of interleukin-19 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


metanephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + zeatin = O-beta-D-xylosylzeatin + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA = adenine + methionine + epoxyqueuosine-tRNA. 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA is also known as preQ1-tRNA, and epoxyqueuosine-tRNA as oQ-tRNA.


beta-alanyl amine synthase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of beta-alanyl amine conjugate from a precursor biogenic amine, such as dopamine or histamine.


regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


regulation of granuloma formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine

The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


ribose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ribofuranose = D-ribulose.


imaginal disc eversion

The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis.


regulation of alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans.


amidine-lyase activity

Catalysis of the release of amides or amidines by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amide or amidine as a substrate.


axial mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


uridine-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylylation element binding

Binding to a U-rich sequence in the 3'-end of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs; required for cytoplasmic polyadenylylation.


hepatic duct development

The progression of the hepatic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the common bile duct.


1,4-dichlorobenzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring.


protein localization to lateral cortical node

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lateral cortical node.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate + H+ = CO2 + bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane. Bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate is also known as DDA; bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane is also known as DDM.


response to doxorubicin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a doxorubicin stimulus.


protein uridylylation

The addition of phospho-uridine to a protein amino acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trimethylenediamine.


aspartate family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-5NA)-L-serine.


protein insertion into membrane from inner side

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a lipid bilayer, e.g., the prokaryotic, mitochondrial, or chloroplast inner membrane, from the inner side.


sno(s)RNA 3'-end cleavage

The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = naphthalene-1,2-diol + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine

The process in which the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


leaf phyllotactic patterning

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of leaf primordia around the center of a shoot apical meristem.


regulation of purine nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phenol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.


mesonephric cell migration involved in male gonad development

The orderly movement of a cell from the mesonephros to the male gonad, contributing to its development.


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, via the intermediate cystine.


ethanol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.


phenylacetaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenylethanol + NADP = phenylacetaldehyde + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-hept-trans-2-ene-1,7-dioate = pyruvate + succinic semialdehyde.


detection of unfolded protein

The series of events in which an unfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


histone H4 deacetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.


(22S)-22-hydroxy-5alpha-campestan-3-one C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone + NADP + H2O.


cordyol C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cordyol C.


nephron epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.


urethanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + H+ + urethane = CO2 + ethanol + NH4.


response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotetraside + UDP + H+.


regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


murein tripeptide carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-Dap (murein tripeptide) + H2O = L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu + meso-diaminopimelate.


type IIa hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis or cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell.


detection of humidity

The series of events in which a humidity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NAD+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+.


apocarotenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


extracellular regulation of signal transduction

Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


ectoine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxohexanoate + NADP+ + H2O = adipate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of intestinal absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


phyllome development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a phyllome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A phyllome is a collective term for all the different types of leaves appearing on plants.


cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT + NADP+ = NADPH + 2,3-dihydroxy DDT.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.


kidney smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


positive regulation of entry into reproductive diapause

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


proboscis extension reflex

The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus.


positive regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.


inferior olivary nucleus structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the inferior olivary nucleus structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


Catalysis of the reaction: lithocholate + NAD+ = 3-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADH.


ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of small proteins, such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


negative regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.


cellulase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans.


granzyme A production

The appearance of granzyme A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate + D-lysinium(1+) + ATP <=> UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-D-lysine + ADP + hydrogenphosphate + H+.


response to catechin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catechin stimulus.


cellular response to hydroxyisoflavone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.


3-oxo-myristate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-myristate + H+ <=> 2-tridecanone + carbon dioxide.


peptidyl-lactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine

The modification of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to lactic acid.


response to molecule of oomycetes origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.


riboflavin phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + riboflavin = D-glucose + FMN.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, galactomannans, glucomannans, and galactoglucomannans.


negative regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.


methyl tert-butyl ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl tert-butyl ether, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a synthetic chemical which is mixed with gasoline for use in reformulated gasoline. It was first introduced as an additive for unleaded gasoline in the 1980s. It is also used as a laboratory reagent and a pharmaceutical agent.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-fructose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + fructose(out) = protein histidine + fructose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


metanephric short nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.


positive regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation.


pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that interacts with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.