chromatophore ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex

A complex, located in the chromatophore, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.


larval serum protein complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A multisubunit protein complex which, in Drosophila, is a heterohexamer of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. The complex is thought to store amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins.


DNA polymerase processivity factor complex

A protein complex which is capable of increasing the processivity of nucleotide polymerization by DNA polymerase as a part of DNA replication.


interleukin-1 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-1; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.


transferase complex, transferring phosphorus-containing groups

A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


myosin XI complex

A myosin complex containing a dimer of class XI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin XI heavy chain sizes are similar in molecular structure to the class V myosins with 5 to 6 IQ motifs and tail regions with predicted coiled coil domains (forming dimeric molecules) and large C-terminal regions.


cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)

Cytosolic complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.


dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+) complex

A heteromultimeric complex capable of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NAD+); in E. coli, composed of PreA and PreT.


homodimeric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex

A homodimeric complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.


DnaA-Hda complex

A protein complex that inactivates the function of DnaA by inhibiting the phosphorylation of DnaA-ADP to DnaA-ATP and thereby preventing multiple events of replication initiation. In E. coli, this complex is composed of DnaA and Hda.


nuclear proteasome regulatory particle

The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.


cytosolic alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Cytosolic complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.


DNA helicase A complex

A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; associates with DNA polymerase alpha-primase and translocates in the 5' to 3' direction.


histone H3-containing nucleosome

A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins containing the histone H3, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


plasma membrane light-harvesting complex

A plasma membrane protein-pigment complex that may be closely or peripherally associated to photosynthetic reaction centers that participate in harvesting and transferring radiant energy to the reaction center. Examples of this complex are found in bacterial species.


Complex that possesses imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity.


nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.


A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA), phospholipase C-gamma-1 (PLC-gamma-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.


ethanolamine ammonia-lyase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the breakdown of ethanolamine to form acetaldehyde and ammonia.


Wpl/Pds5 cohesin loading/unloading complex

A eukaryotically conserved heterodimeric protein complex (comprising Wings apart-like protein and the Pds5 Armadillo repeat cohesin associated protein) involved in the loading and unloading of a cohesin complex onto DNA.


A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion.


RNAi effector complex

Any protein complex that mediates the effects of small interfering RNAs on gene expression. Most known examples contain one or more members of the Argonaute family of proteins.


transmembrane collagen trimer

Any collagen trimer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane.


phospholamban complex

A protein complex found as a homopentamer of the phospholamban (PLN) protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac PLN is a main determinant of muscle contraction and relaxation, by regulating intracellular calcium levels.


bacterial pre-replicative complex

A protein-DNA complex that forms at the bacterial oriC during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD81 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD81, a member of the tetraspan family.


Noc complex

Any of several heterodimers containing one or two Noc proteins, associated with preribosomal complexes; involved in ribosome biogenesis.


radial spoke base 1

The short portion of the radial spoke 1 (RS1) that is directly anchored to the A microtubule of an axonemal microtubule doublet.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-D complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor D.


organellar small ribosomal subunit

The smaller of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome.


plastid large ribosomal subunit

The larger of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


pre-primosome complex

Any of the protein-DNA complexes that contain a DNA helicase and associated protein(s) at the origin of replication, and build up to assembling the core primosome. The associated protein(s) chaperone the helicase to the DNA, and assembly of the pre-primosome is essential for the initiation or restart of replication. Pre-primosome complexes lack a primase component.


silver ion transmembrane transporter complex

A protein complex which is capable of silver ion transmembrane transporter activity.


ERBB4-ERBB4 complex

A homodimeric complex containing two monomers of the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 (also called HER4).


Lsd1/2 complex

A nucleosome-binding protein complex that comprises two SWIRM domain histone demethylases and two PHD finger proteins. The complex is involved in transcriptional regulation via heterochromatic silencing and the regulation of chromatin boundary formation, and was first identified in fission yeast.


RNA polymerase IV complex

RNA polymerase IV is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Pol IV is composed of subunits that are paralogous or identical to the 12 subunits of Pol II. The largest and second-largest subunits of Pol IV are the catalytic subunits and share similarity with the corresponding subunits of other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase V, while the largest subunit is found only in RNAP IV complex.


invertasome

A complex formed by a recombinase, a regulatory protein, and the DNA sequences bound by each protein; catalyzes a reversible site-specific recombination reaction that results in the alternate expression of one or more genes in various contexts.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-tumstatin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to tumstatin, the NC1 domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen.


glutathione synthase complex

A protein complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, and which possesses glutathione synthase activity (catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H+ + phosphate). In eukaryotes, the complex is homodimeric, in E. coli glutathione synthase exists as a tetramer, and in S. pombe the complex exists as a homodimer or a heterotetramer.


ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, integrated substrate binding

A complex for the transport of metabolites out of the cell, consisting of 4 domains: two ATP-binding domains and two membrane spanning domains. In some cases, all 4 domains are contained on 1 polypeptide, while in others one ATP-binding domain and one membrane spanning domain are together on one polypeptide in what is called a half transporter. Two half-transporters come together to form a functional transporter. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-2.


methyl-tetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme M methyltransferase complex

A protein complex consisted of eight polypeptides. This complex catalyzes the formation of methyl-coenzyme M and H4MPT from N5-methyl-H4MPT and CoM during methanogenesis.


ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor complex

A protein complex which is capable of ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor activity.


Ddb1-Wdr21 complex

A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in transcription-coupled repair. The subunits are known as Ddb1 and Wdr21 in S. pombe; Ddb1 contains a motif called the DDB-box that interacts with adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.


Shc-Grb2-Sos complex

A protein complex that contains Grb2, the adaptor protein Shc and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane.


Hda-beta clamp complex

A protein complex involved in inactivating the function of DnaA and thereby preventing multiple events of replication initiation. In E. coli, this complex is composed of the beta clamp (DnaN) and Hda.


i-AAA complex

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose catalytic residues lie on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial protein turnover. Contains a subunit belonging to the AAA family of ATP-dependent metalloproteases.


photosystem I reaction center

A photochemical system containing P700, the chlorophyll a dimer that functions as a primary electron donor. Functioning as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.


TOR complex

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling components including PKB (AKT) or S6K.


maltose transport complex

Protein complex facilitating ATP-dependent maltose transport through inner cell membrane (periplasm to cytoplasm) in Gram-negative bacteria. In E. coli the system is composed of a periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP), two integral membrane proteins, MalF and MalG, and two copies of the cytoplasmic ATP-binding cassette MalK.


plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This complex is found in plant plastids and is distinct from the one found in mitochondria.


formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase (tungsten enzyme) complex

A protein complex consisting of four polypeptides which also contains tungsten, a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide, and iron-sulfur clusters. This protein complex catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran during methanogenesis.


polyketide synthase complex

A protein complex that carries out enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones.


PYM-mago-Y14 complex

Protein complex involved in the disassembly of Mago-Y14 from the spliced mRNA during first round of translation, independently of the translational machinery. Conserved from fission yeast to humans.


Pip2-Oaf1 complex

A heterodimeric complex consisting of Zn(2)Cys(6) containing transcription factors Pip2 and Oaf1. It binds to the oleate response element (ORE), found in the promoters of fatty acid-inducible genes in Saccharomyces where, in the presence of oleate this bound complex activates the transcription of genes encoding peroxisomal proteins.


Kv4.2-Kv4.3 channel complex

A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv alpha subunits 4.2 and 4.3.


A protein complex that is involved in the transfer of the second mannose to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) during GPI precursor assembly. In yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of GPI18p and PGA1p.


superoxide dismutase complex

A protein complex which is capable of superoxide dismutase activity.


vacuolar HOPS complex

Any HOPS complex that is part of a vacuolar membrane.


protein-DNA-RNA complex

A macromolecular complex containing protein, DNA, and RNA molecules.


basement membrane collagen trimer

Any collagen timer that is part of a basement membrane.


enzyme IIA-maltose transporter complex

A protein complex consisting of the pentameric maltose transporter complex bound to two enzyme IIA (EIIA) molecules. EIIA is a component of the glucose-specific phosphotransferase system that inhibits maltose transport from the periplasm to the cytoplasm. When EIIA-bound, the maltose transporter remains in the open, inward-facing conformation, which prevents binding of maltose-loaded maltose binding protein (MBP) to the transporter.


Syp1 complex

A protein complex that contributes to the endocytic process and bud growth in yeast. It is involved in the precise timing of actin assembly during endocytosis.


cytosolic tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex

Any of the heteromeric enzymes, located in the cytosol, that act in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.


dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt1p-Pmt3p dimer complex

A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt1p-Pmt3p.


laminin-4 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


homotetrameric ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex

A protein complex composed of four identical subunits that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


clathrin coat of synaptic vesicle

A clathrin coat found on a synaptic vesicle.


translation initiation complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains a ribosome, mRNA, and initiator tRNA; the functional ribosome is at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.


EFF-1 complex

A trimeric cell-cell fusion complex that serves as a scaffold for zippering up the extracellular domains, bringing the transmembrane segments into close proximity such that they can continue zippering within the two membranes into one. Two prefusion monomers cluster at the surface of adjacent cells. Parallel EFF-1 interactions occur across cells and a third monomer, which can come from either cell, adds on to make an intermediate, extended trimer.


glucosidase complex

A protein complex which is capable of glucosidase activity.


type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex

A protein complex that functions as an endonuclease to cleave DNA at or near a specific recognition site, when that site is unmethylated. These complexes may be dimers or tetramers; it is also possible for the endonuclease to be in a complex with the corresponding methyltransferase that methylates the recognition site. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


luminal surveillance complex

A multiprotein complex that recognizes ERAD-luminal misfolded substrates and brings them to the ubiquitination/extraction machinery. In yeast, this complex consists of Yos9p, Kar2p and Hrd3p proteins.


oligosaccharyltransferase II complex

An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTII complex has intermediate affinity for ribosomes.


aminodeoxychorismate synthase complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase activity.


RC-1 DNA recombination complex

A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III, DNA polymerase epsilon, a 5'-3' exonuclease, and the SMC1 and SMC2 proteins, and is involved in recombinational repair of deletions and gaps in DNA.


radial spoke 2

The radial spoke of each group of radial spokes, whether grouped as triplets or doublets, that is immediately distal to radial spoke 1 (RS1). Radial spoke 2 (RS2), similarly to RS1, is comprised of four domains: 1) a very short base anchored to the A microtubule, 2) an elongaged stalk, 3) a bifurcated neck, and 4) an orthogonal head. The base of RS2 is connected to the tail of the inner dynein arm c.


mitotic nuclear membrane microtubule tethering complex

A protein complex capable of interacting with the spindle pole body and the nuclear envelope, in order to embed the spindle pole body in the nuclear envelope at fusion sites of the inner and outer nuclear membrane.


integrin alphaE-beta7 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaE subunit and one beta7 subunit.


nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


IgY immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgY isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgY immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


interleukin-27 complex

A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-27p28 subunit (product of the IL27 gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.


inhibin complex

Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with either an inhibin beta-A subunit, to form inhibin A, or an inhibin beta-B subunit, to form inhibin B.


nuclear pore linkers

A substructure of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that serves to connect members of the central transport channel (composed of FG-nucleoporins) to the core scaffold (composed of the inner and outer NPC rings). In S. cerevisiae, the linkers are Nic96p and Nup82p. In vertebrates, they are Nup93 and Nup88. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. Both linkers can be isolated in association with specific FG-nucleoporins, complexes that are sometimes referred to as the Nic96 complex (Nic96p-Nsp1p-Nup49p-Nup57p) and the Nup82 complex (Nup82p-Nup116p-Nup159p-Gle2p).


NADH dehydrogenase complex

An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyzes the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.


icosahedral viral capsid, neck fiber

A fiber attached to the neck at the base of some icosahedral viral capsids.


viral capsid, decoration

Component of the virus capsid (head), located on the outer head surface. Involved in the stabilization of the head structure and usually non-essential.


viral capsid, turret

A turret-like appendage formed at the vertices of an icosahedral capsid.


viral capsid, fiber

A type of capsid decoration composed of fiber structures.


root hair

A long, thin projection from a root epidermal cell that contains F-actin and tubulin, and a cell wall.


left nucleus

One of the two nuclei found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is located on the left side of the cell when viewed from the dorsal side.


telopode

A telopode is a plasma membrane bounded cell projection that is present on a telocyte and is tens to hundreds of microns long. Telopodes form a labyrinthine system communicating through gap junctions.


supramolecular complex

A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber.


fibronectin fibril

A supramolecular fiber formed from fibronectin molecules. The fibrils are 5 to 25nm in diameter and can form branched meshworks.


intraconoid microtubule

A microtubule located such that it threads through the conoid and projects through the polar ring.


supramolecular polymer

A polymeric supramolecular structure.


post-anaphase array microtubule

Any microtubule that is part of a post-anaphase microtubule array.


mitotic spindle polar microtubule

Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone.


meiotic spindle astral microtubule

Any of the meiotic spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.


polymeric cytoskeletal fiber

A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits.


actomyosin contractile ring actin filament

Any actin filament that is part of a actomyosin contractile ring.


subpellicular microtubule

Singlet microtubule that lie underneath the inner membrane pellicle complex and emanate from the basal ring of the conoid.


actin filament of cell cortex of cell tip

Any actin filament that is part of a cell cortex of cell tip.


paraflagellar rod

A large lattice-like axial structure found in some flagellated protists which extends alongside the axoneme. Protein components of the paraflagellar rod are likely implicated, among other, in adenine nucleotide signaling and metabolism, and in calcium signaling.


mastigoneme

A hair-like structure covering the flagella found in some algae (heterokonts and cryptophytes). It is approximately 15 nm in diameter, and usually consist of a tubular shaft that itself terminates in smaller hairs. It is composed of glycoproteins and, likely, carbohydrates. Mastigonemes may assist in locomotion by increasing the surface area of a flagellum.


C2 axonemal microtubule

One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C1 axonemal microtubule (also called C1 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.


collagen beaded filament

A supramolecular assembly of collagen trimers with a 'beads on a string'-like structure.


horsetail-astral microtubule array

An array of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis and facilitates horsetail nuclear movement.


intranuclear rod

A macromolecular fiber consisting of actin and cofilin that is formed in the nucleus as a consequence of chemical or mechanical stress conditions.


aster

An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores.


glial filament

An intermediate filament composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and found in astrocytes.


mitotic spindle kinetochore microtubule

Any of the mitotic spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic chromosome segregation.


B axonemal microtubule

An incomplete microtubule containing 10 protofilaments that fuses with a complete microtubule called A tubule (containing 13 protofilaments) to form an axonemal outer doublet.


cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis

Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.


C1 axonemal microtubule

One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C2 axonemal microtubule (also called C2 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections.


trichome papilla

A plant cell papilla that is part of a trichome cell.


investment cone

A cytoskeletal part that consists of a microfilament-rich cone that forms round each nucleus in a spermatogenic cyst and translocates the length of the cyst during sperm individualization.


neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle fiber

A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a skeletal muscle fiber.


yolk plasma

Discrete structures that partition the water-soluble portion of the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed.


germ tube septin cap

A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.


actin cytoskeleton of dendritic spine

The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a dendritic spine.


hyphae septin collar

A septin collar in pathogenic fungi involved in the constriction of hyphae at the plant plasmodesma enabling penetration of an adjacent cell.


prospore septin filament array

Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures; observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation.


septin filament array

Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Such structures have been observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation in S. cerevisiae and in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation in C. albicans.


postsynaptic cytoskeleton

The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.


postsynaptic septin cytoskeleton

The portion of the septin cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.


mating projection septin ring

A septin ring, i.e. a ring-shaped structure composed of septins and septin-associated proteins, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection). The septin ring in the neck of a shmoo may act as a barrier to localize mating factors in the shmoo tip.


germ tube septin ring

A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within the germ tube of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


split septin rings

A pair of rings that flank the site of cell division, formed by splitting of the septin ring (or collar) prior to cytokinesis; this double ring structure is thought to trap proteins needed for cytokinesis or the formation of the new membrane or cell wall between the two septin rings. Split septin rings are known to occur in budding yeast cells and probably occur in other cell types as well.


presynaptic actin cytoskeleton

The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse.


prospore septin ring

A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis in a prospore; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


chlamydospore septin filament array

Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Observed in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation.


hyphal septin cap

A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in hyphae of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.


septin cap

A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes and hyphae in fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.


pseudohyphal septin ring

A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


cellular bud neck septin ring

A ring-shaped structure that forms at the site of cytokinesis in the bud neck of a budding cell; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. In S. cerevisiae, this structure forms at the time of bud emergence and the septins show a high rate of exchange.


cytoskeleton of dendritic spine

The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies within a dendritic spine. The actin component of this cytoskeleton is involved in spine head remodeling in response to postsynaptic signaling.


hyphal septin ring

A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


cellular bud neck split septin rings

Two separate septin rings that are formed from the septin collar at the time of cytokinesis in cells that divide by budding. These two rings are thought to delineate a special compartment in which factors involved in cytokinesis are concentrated.


medial cortex septin ring

A ring-shaped structure that forms at the medial cortex of a symmetrically dividing cell at the onset of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins.


dinoflagellate apical horn

A horn-shaped dinoflagellate apex found in thecate species.


host cell endocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell endocytic vesicle.


esterosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an esterosome. This membrane has characteristics of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membranes.


host cell Golgi apparatus

A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic host cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.


chromoplast inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope; also faces the chromoplast stroma.


chromoplast membrane

Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chromoplast and form the chromoplast envelope.


amyloplast

A plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.


secondary cell wall

A plant cell wall that is no longer able to expand and so does not permit growth. Secondary cell walls contain less pectin that primary cell walls. The secondary cell is mostly composed of cellulose and is strengthened with lignin.


extrinsic component of periplasmic side of plasma membrane

The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its periplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


left caudal basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a left caudal flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


viral capsid, minor subunit

The part of the viral capsid that comprises the less common capsomere type. For example, in a T=3 icosahedral capsid, which is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres, the pentameric capsomeres are minor subunits.


capsomere

Any of the protein subunits that comprise the closed shell or coat (capsid) of certain viruses.


viral capsid, major subunit

The part of the viral capsid that comprises the most common capsomere type. For example, in a T=3 icosahedral capsid, which is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres, the hexameric capsomeres are major subunits.


tissue

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.


organism subdivision

Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument.


Digestive System Part

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A term that refers to any anatomic structure that is part of the digestive system.


Epithelium Part

Any component of the avascular cellular layers that cover body surfaces and cavities and may form glands.


Tissue Part

Any component of the anatomical structure consisting of similarly specialized cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships, performing a specific function.


striated border microvillus layer

A microvillus layer that is striated and found in the intestine.


sexual spore wall

A specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from a product of meiosis.


spore wall

The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


asexual spore wall

A specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from an asexual process. Examples of this process are found in bacterial and fungal species.


ascospore wall

The specialized cell wall of the ascospore (spore), which is the product of meiotic division. Examples of this component are found in Fungi.


endospore external encapsulating structure

The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.


cellular bud

A protuberance from a cell of an organism that reproduces by budding, which will grow larger and become a separate daughter cell after nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell wall formation (when appropriate). The daughter cell may completely separate from the mother cell, or the mother and daughter cells may remain associated.


thylakoid membrane

The pigmented membrane of any thylakoid.


photosynthetic membrane

A membrane enriched in complexes formed of reaction centers, accessory pigments and electron carriers, in which photosynthetic reactions take place.


cyanelle thylakoid membrane

The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a cyanelle.


prothylakoid membrane

The membrane of prothylakoids, underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes.


chloroplast thylakoid membrane

The pigmented membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


plasma membrane-derived chromatophore membrane

The lipid bilayer associated with a plasma membrane-derived chromatophore; surrounds chromatophores that form complete vesicles.


plasma membrane-derived thylakoid membrane

The pigmented membrane of a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.


organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane

The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within an organellar chromatophore.


plastid thylakoid membrane

The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a plastid.


infected host cell surface knob

Protrusion that develops in the plasma membrane of a parasitized erythrocyte. An example of this component is found in Plasmodium species.


microvillar actin bundle

A parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus.


parallel actin filament bundle

An actin filament bundle in which the filaments are tightly packed (approximately 10-20 nm apart) and oriented with the same polarity.


formin-nucleated actin cable

An actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. In fungal cells, myosin motors transport cargo along actin cables toward sites of polarized cell growth; actin cables may play a similar role in pollen tube growth.


actin filament bundle of filopodium

A parallel bundle of actin filaments that is part of filopodium. Filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex.


actin filament bundle of stereocilium

A bundle of hundreds of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), that is the supporting structure of a stereocilium. Filaments are oriented such that the the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion and are capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma membrane.


actin filament bundle of actin-based cell projection

A bundle of cross-linked actin filaments that is part of an actin-based cell protrusion, in which filaments are oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which stabilizes the filaments.


clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle.


inter-Golgi transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances within the Golgi.


postsynaptic early endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic early endosome.


organellar chromatophore inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.


postsynaptic endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a postsynaptic endosome.


phagolysosome vesicle membrane

The lipid bylayer surrounding a phagolysosome.


macropinosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a macropinosome.


organellar chromatophore membrane

Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.


presynaptic endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a presynaptic endosome.


peribacteroid membrane

A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).


aleurone grain membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an aleurone grain.


gut granule membrane

The membrane of a gut granule, a lysosome-related organelle contained within the intestinal cells of the nematode C. elegans.


merozoite dense granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense granule of the type found in apicomplexan parasites.


multivesicular body, internal vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a multivesicular body internal vesicle.


organellar chromatophore outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.


Golgi to ER transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the Golgi to the ER.


exocytic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an exocytic vesicle.


contractile vacuolar membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the contractile vacuole.


Cvt vesicle membrane

Either of the two lipid bilayers surrounding a Cvt vesicle, a vesicle that functions in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway.


chitosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a chitosome.


foot layer

The inner layer of the ectexine.


germ plasm

Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole of an oocyte, egg or early embryo that will be inherited by the cells that will give rise to the germ line.


presynaptic periactive zone

A region that surrounds the active zone of the presynaptic plasma membrane, and is specialized for the control of synaptic development.


multiple synapse bouton, contacting single dendrite

A single axon terminal bouton making contact onto two or more dendritic spines protruding from the same dendrite.


tripartite attachment complex

A three-part cytoskeletal structure in kinetoplastid species linking mitochondrial DNA organised in a kinetoplast through the mitochondrial membranes to the basal body.


viral capsid, internal space

The region of a virus contained within the capsid shell, and usually containing the viral genome and accessory proteins.


primary endosperm nucleus

Nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male gamete and two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac.


actin cortical patch

An endocytic patch that consists of an actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells; formed of networks of branched actin filaments that lie just beneath the plasma membrane and assemble, move, and disassemble rapidly. An example of this is the actin cortical patch found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


endocytic patch

The part of the cell cortex consisting of an aggregation of proteins that will give rise to an endocytic vesicle.


flagella connector

A mobile transmembrane junction at the tip of the flagellum of some kinetoplastid species linking the tip of a new growing flagellum to an older flagellum.


host cell nuclear envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the host cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).


macromolecule

A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


polypeptide

A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.


biomacromolecule

A macromolecule formed by a living organism.


cellulose microfibril

A microfibril composed of cellulose arranged in orthogonal layers. Cellulose is a straight chain polysaccharide composed of B(14) linked glucose subunits. It is a major component of plant cell walls. Higher plant microfibrils are about 10nm in diameter and extremely long in relation to their width. The cellulose molecules are oriented parallel to the long axis of the microfibril in a paracrystalline array, which provides great tensile strength. The microfibrils are held in place by the wall matrix and their orientation is closely controlled by the cell.


neck portion of tanycyte

Elongated portion of a tanycyte that sticks into the periventricular layer of neuropil where it appears to contact a blood vessel; characterized by numerous cytoplasmic extensions. A tanycyte is a specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS.


chloroplast chromosome

A circular DNA molecule containing chloroplast encoded genes.


plastid chromosome

A circular DNA molecule containing plastid encoded genes.


somatic spine

Spine emanating from the cell soma of a neuron.


cytoplasmic replication fork

The Y-shaped region of a cytoplasmic replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


host cell lysosomal membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell lysosome and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm.


cellular birth scar

Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the daughter cell, in budding fungi, at the site of separation from the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates, thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation.


cell cortex of growing cell tip

Any cell cortex that is part of a growing cell tip.


posterior cell cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the posterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


pole plasm

Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.


presynaptic endocytic zone cytoplasmic component

The cytoplasmic component of the presynaptic endocytic zone.


equatorial cell cortex

The region of the cell cortex in a mitotically dividing cell that flanks the central spindle and corresponds to the site of actomyosin ring formation that results in cleavage furrow formation and ingression.


cell cortex of cell tip

The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


medial cortex

A medial cortical band overlaying the nucleus which acts as a landmark for contractile ring positioning and plays a role in cell cycle regulation.


cytoplasmic region

Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm.


cell leading edge cell cortex

The cell cortex of the leading edge of a cell.


apicomedial cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the middle of the apical edge of a cell.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm

All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection.


anterior cell cortex

The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane in the part of a cell that is closest to the anterior as defined by the developing, or existing, anterior/posterior axis.


cell cortex of non-growing cell tip

The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip at which no growth takes place.


dinoflagellate hypocone

The part of a dinoflagellate cell below the cingulum; also referred to as the posterior portion of a dinoflagellate cell. It is separated from the epicone by the cingulum.


germ tube

The slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most spores in germination.


virus tail, sheath

The external contractile envelope of the tail of some viruses. Its contraction ensures ejection of the virus DNA into the host cytoplasm.


pathogen-containing vacuole

A membrane-bound intracellular compartment that is formed upon internalization of a pathogen into a host cell, and in which the pathogen resides.


spiny bracelet of Nageotte

Paranodal terminations of Schwann cells that do not directly contact the paranodal axon membrane. Usually found in thicker myelin.


terminal loop

Portion of myelin-forming Schwann cell consisting of terminal cytoplasmic extensions adhered to the axon at the beginning and end of the myelin sheath.


capitate projection

Simple or compound process of epithelial glial cells with a spherical head that inserts into photoreceptor axons. Capitate projections have only been observed in Brachycera (flies).


dense nuclear body

A location in the host cell nucleus where viral proteins colocalize late in infection prior to the onset of viral DNA synthesis. More than one site can be present simultaneously.


ventral disc microtubule array

A part of the ventral disc of Giardia species (trophozoite stage) consisting of a spiral array of microtubules linked to the ventral membrane. These microtubules form the base of the ventral disc dorsal microribbons that extend nearly perpendicular from the membrane.


chloroplast intermembrane space

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chloroplast envelope.


unencapsulated part of cell

The part of a cell encompassing the intracellular environment and the plasma membrane; it excludes any external encapsulating structures.


glyoxysomal lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of a glyoxysome.


glycosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a glycosome.


lateral part of cell

The region of a polarized cell other than its tips or ends (in some cell types, one end may be called the apex and the other the base). For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the lateral part includes the cell sides which interface adjacent cells.


lateral part of motile cell

The area of a motile cell perpendicular to the direction of movement.


ethanolamine degradation polyhedral organelle

An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of ethanolamine whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic acetaldehyde product of the enzyme ethanolamine ammonia lyase.


Ubisch body

A small, granular structure that is found in the extracellular matrix of cell of the secretory tapetal layer that surrounds developing pollen grains. Ubisch bodies have a sporopollenin coat, are attached to the peritapetal wall, and may play a role in pollen development.


cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end

Any microtubule plus-end that is part of a cytoplasmic microtubule.


cortical microtubule plus-end

The plus-end of a cortical microtubule.


neutrophil extracellular trap

Extracellular microbicidal structure composed of nuclear chromatin, histones and granular antimicrobial proteins. Histones and several neutrophil granule proteins associated with the DNA framework damage entrapped microorganisms.


host cell chloroplast

A chlorophyll-containing plastid as found within host cells with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell chloroplast thylakoid membrane

Any sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast found in host cells, combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell chloroplast part

Any constituent part of a chloroplast as it is found in host cells and which are a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


excitatory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube

A neuromuscular junction that functions in the excitation of somatic muscle myotubes, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cells.


inhibitory neuromuscular junction

The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential that inhibits muscle contraction.


inhibitory neuromuscular junction of somatic myotube

A neuromuscular junction that functions in the inhibition of somatic muscle myotube contraction. Examples of somatic muscle myotubes include the somatic muscle cells of arthropods.


neuromuscular junction of myotube

A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a myotube.


neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle

A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle cell, such as those found in nematodes and arthropods.


neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle myotube

A neuromuscular junction in which the target muscle cell is a somatic muscle myotube, such as an arthropod somatic muscle cell.


excitatory neuromuscular junction

The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a post-synaptic potential responsible for muscle contraction.


P1 peroxisome

A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P1 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they contain fewer peroxisomal proteins than the other subforms.


host cell periphery

The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures of a host cell.


rhoptry membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a rhoptry.


lytic vacuole membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a lytic vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.


fungal-type vacuole membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


bacterial-type flagellum basal body, distal rod

The portion of the central rod of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body that is distal to the cell membrane; spans most of the distance between the inner and outer membranes.


outer endospore membrane

The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.


chloroplast outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope.


cell outer membrane

A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


mycolate outer membrane

A mycolic acid-rich cell outer membrane containing a lipid bilayer and long-chain mycolic acids (hydroxylated branched-chain fatty acids) that are covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network. Found in mycobacteria and related genera (e.g. corynebacteria).


organelle outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope.


plastid outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope.


lysosomal matrix

A matrix composed of supramolecular assemblies of lysosomal enzymes and lipids which forms at a pH of 5.0 within the lysosome.


intermediate layer of mitotic spindle pole body

Structure between the central and outer plaques of the mitotic spindle pole body.


mitochondrial cloud

A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material.


Bunina body

Small granular inclusions (about 1-3 microns in diameter) found in the anterior horn cells, and appearing either singly or in a group. Sometimes they are arranged in small beaded chains. Bunina bodies express cystatin C and consist of electron-dense amorphous material that contains tubules or vesicular structures. The amorphous material frequently includes a cytoplasmic island containing neurofilaments and other micro-organelles.


viral intermediate capsid

The intermediate layer of a triple concentric icosahedral capsid. Intermediate capsids are part of reoviridae virions.


other organism part

Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting.


trichocyst

A crystalline exocytotic organelle composed of small, acidic proteins existing primarily as disulphide-linked dimers. The trichocyst is an organelle that releases long filamentous proteins that capture predators in net-like structures, to slow them down when the cell is disturbed. The protein is nontoxic and shaped like a long, striated, fibrous shaft.


cytosolic region

Any (proper) part of the cytosol of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytosol.


host cell Golgi membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell Golgi apparatus.


unicellular trichome tip

A cell projection part that is the apical most portion of a unicellular trichome apex.


2-micrometer circle DNA

A plasmid commonly found in Saccharomyces, inherited in a non-Mendelian manner and often present in 100-400 copies.


viral tegument

A structure lying between the capsid and envelope of a virus, varying in thickness and often distributed asymmetrically.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the host cell ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.


host cell nuclear membrane

Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the host nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.


host cell nuclear inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope.


cleavage furrow rim

The part of the cleavage furrow closest to the cell surface.


right caudal basal body

Any ciliary basal body that is part of a right caudal flagellum found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage).


transmembrane actin-associated (TAN) line

A linear array of nuclear envelope membrane proteins composed of nesprin-2G and SUN2, which couple the nucleus to moving actin cables, resulting in rearward nuclear transport (away from the leading edge).


leading edge of axonal growth cone

That part of the axonal growth cone which represents the distal part of the structure.


gerontoplast

A plastid found in senescing, formerly green tissues that is derived from a chloroplast that undergoes an organized developmental program of senescence.


protein storage vacuole membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a protein storage vacuole.


polyhydroxyalkanoate granule

An inclusion body located in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes that consists of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) molecules and associated proteins, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer; the proteins include PHA synthase, PHA depolymerase and 3HB-oligomer hydroxylase, phasins (PhaPs), which are thought to be the major structural proteins of the membrane surrounding the inclusion, and the regulator of phasin expression PhaR.


megasome

Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.


cyanelle inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the cyanelle envelope; also faces the cyanelle stroma.


bacterial-type flagellum basal body, rod

The central portion of the bacterial-type flagellar basal body, which spans the periplasm and threads through the rings.


contractile vacuole complex

A non-membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.


kinetoplast

A sub-structure within the large single mitochondrion of kinetoplastid parasites and which is closely associated with the flagellar pocket and basal body of the flagellum.


antipodal site

The pole of the kinetoplast associated with kinetoplast DNA replication. The antipodal sites flank the kinetoplast DNA disk and are positioned approximately 180 degrees apart. In Trypanosoma brucei and Crithidia fasciculata, minicircles are attached at antipodal sites and they contain enzymes that catalyse some of the later reactions in minicircle replication.


cortical Lewy body

Cytoplasmic inclusion similar to a classical Lewy body but lacking a halo of protein fibrils.


nucleolar peripheral inclusion body

Inclusion bodies located at the nucleolar periphery where several nuclear factors are reversibly aggregated and sequestered during acute heat stress or starvation.


nematosome

Cytoplasmic, ball-like inclusion resembling a nucleolus and consisting of a convoluted network of electron-opaque strands embedded in a less dense matrix. It measures approximately 0.9 microns and lacks a limiting membrane. Its strands (diameter = 400-600 A) appear to be made of an entanglement of tightly packed filaments and particles approximately 25-50 A thick. Cytochemical studies suggest the presence of nonhistone proteins and some RNA. Usually only one such structure is present in a cell, and it appears to occur in most ganglion cells. Although they can be seen anywhere in the cell body, nematosomes are typically located in the perinuclear cytoplasm, where they are often associated with smooth-surfaced and coated vesicles.


skein-like inclusion

Intracytoplasmic filamentous structure frequently encountered in preparations immunostained for ubiquitin.


fibrillary inclusion

Cellular inclusion consisting of circular areas filled with fine slender filaments about 10 nanometers in diameter, delimited by a wall of varying complexity (either a single continuous membrane or a tubular network consisting of a fine filamentous material giving the wall a honeycomb appearance). Fibrillary inclusions are found in the cytoplasm of giant cells of Dieters in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the rat; similar structures have been described in the ventral cochlear nucleus, spinal cord, and substantia nigra.


complex laminated body

A cytoplasmic inclusion body found in some lateral geniculate neurons and composed of sheets of tubules (25 nm in diameter) separated by dense material (about 75 nm wide), which together with the tubules whorl give a structure resembling a fingerprint.


laminated body

Inclusion body characterized by regularly spaced sheets of tubules arranged in a whorl pattern resembling a fingerprint. Laminated bodies have been observed in neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus.


Pick body

Cellular inclusion composed of numerous tau fibrils arranged in a disorderly array. Tau protein is a major component, though Pick bodies also contain ubiquitin, alpha-synuclein, and apolipoprotein E.


hyaline inclusion

A glass-like, pale intracellular inclusion.


cnida

A giant secretory organelle that comprises a bulb-shape capsule containing a coiled hollow tubule structure attached to it. A cnida defines the phylum Cnidaria.


glutamatergic postsynaptic density

The post-synaptic specialization of a glutamatergic excitatory synapse.


central plaque of mitotic spindle pole body

One of three laminate structures that form the mitotic spindle pole body; the inner plaque is on the nuclear face of the spindle pole body.


central plaque of spindle pole body

One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the central plaque is embedded in the nuclear envelope.


cellular bud neck contractile ring

A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck in mitotic cells that divide by budding in preparation for completing cytokinesis. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


extrahaustorial matrix

The space between the symbiont plasma membrane and the extrahaustorial membrane of the host.


glyoxysomal membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a glyoxysome.


glycosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a glycosome.


nucleus lagging edge

The area of a motile nucleus furthest from the direction of movement.


mannosome

A specialised tubular organelle, assembled in hexagonal bundles within an external membrane. Mannosomes are specific to molluscs and are thought to be involved in a general stress reaction.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic specialization membrane

The component of the postsynaptic specialization membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of presynaptic active zone membrane

The component of the presynaptic active zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of synaptic membrane

The component of the synaptic membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of postsynaptic endocytic zone

The component of the postsynaptic endocytic zone membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


bacterial microcompartment

An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing metabolic enzymes whose purpose is the sequestration or concentration of metabolites and which has the appearance of a polygonal granule by electron microscopy.


protein aggregate center

Reversible aggregate of misfolded proteins and chaperones formed to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.


crystalloid

A transient, cytoplasmic organelle found in Plasmodium species that resembles a cytoplasmic inclusion body and whose function is poorly understood. Crystalloids form in ookinetes and disappear after ookinete-to-oocyst transformation.


arciform density

An electron dense structure that anchors a synaptic ribbon to the presynaptic membrane.


monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body

A subcellular organelle of plant cells surrounded by 'half-unit' or a monolayer membrane instead of the more usual bilayer. The storage body has a droplet of triglyceride surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, interacting with the triglycerides and the hydrophilic head groups facing the cytosol, and containing major protein components called oleosins.


mitochondrial chromosome

A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell.


Z chromosome

The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the Z chromosome are present in each somatic cell of males and one copy is present in females.


spectrosome

A germline specific spherical organelle, rich in membrane skeletal proteins. Precursor to the fusome.


ascus lipid droplet

Any particle of coalesced lipids in an ascus or ascospore. May include associated proteins.


chloroplast nucleoid

The region of a chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.


chloroplast stromal thylakoid

Unstacked thylakoids that connect the grana stacks through the stroma.


pyrenoid

A non-membrane-bounded organelle found within the chloroplasts of algae and hornworts; responsible for carbon dioxide fixation.


carboxysome

An organelle consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of CO2. It augments the concentration of CO2 in the vicinity of RuBisCO to increase the efficiency of CO2 fixation under atmospheric conditions.


bacterial nucleoid

The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined.


goblet cell theca

A cup shaped specialization of the cytoskeleton that forms a thin layer located just below the apical mass of mature mucin secretory granules in the cytoplasm of goblet cells of the intestinal epithelium. It consists of an orderly network of intermediate filaments and microtubules. Microtubules are arranged vertically, like barrel staves, along the inner aspect of the theta. Intermediate filaments form two networks: an inner, basketlike network and an outer series of circumferential bundles resembling the hoops of a barrel.


synaptic ribbon

A non-membrane bound, electron dense structure associated that extends perpendicular to the presynaptic membrane in ribbon synapses. The ribbon's surface is studded with small particles to which synaptic vesicles tether via fine filaments. The tethered vesicles function as a pool, several fold greater than the docked pool available for fast release, which supports sustained release of vesicles. Synaptic ribbons may be plate like or spherical.


proplastid nucleoid

The region of a proplastid to which the DNA is confined.


chloroplast thylakoid

Sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


active sex chromosome

A sex chromosome that has not been inactivated.


polytene chromosome chromocenter

A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together.


cyanelle thylakoid

A thylakoid found in a cyanelle, which is a type of plastid found in certain algae. The cyanelle contains a photosynthetic membrane resembling that of cyanobacteria.


prothylakoid

Underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes. Rapidly develop into mature thylakoids in the presence of light.


bacterial thylakoid

A thylakoid that is derived from and attached to, but not necessarily continuous with, the plasma membrane, and is not enclosed in a plastid. It bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic cyanobacteria.


gas vesicle

An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle; a hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps. By regulating their relative gas vesicle content, aquatic microbes are able to perform vertical migrations.


nucleolus-like body

A nuclear compartment containing significant amounts of non-nucleolar, spliceosomal components. It is commonly found in germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes, and is similar to both nucleoli and sphere organelles.


thylakoid

A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.


organellar chromatophore thylakoid

A thylakoid located in an organellar chromatophore.


plastid thylakoid

Any thylakoid within a plastid.


plastid nucleoid

The region of a plastid to which the DNA is confined.


propanediol degradation polyhedral organelle

An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of 1,2-propanediol whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic propionaldehyde product of the enzyme diol dehydratase.


chlorosome

A large enclosure of aggregated pigment, typically bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c), that acts as a light-harvesting antenna structure and is characteristic of green photosynthetic bacteria (e.g. Chlorobiaceae). The BChl aggregates are organized into lamellar elements by pigment-pigment rather than pigment-protein interactions. Chlorosomes also contain BChl a, carotenoids, quinones, lipids, and proteins, and are attached to the cytoplasmic membrane via a BChl a-containing protein baseplate.


ventral disc

Specialized organelle found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage) and characterized by a spiral array of microtubules and microtubule-associated structures including dorsal microribbons and crossbridges. The edge of the ventral disc narrows into a lateral crest. The ventral disk mediates mechanical attachment of the trophozoite to the host's intestinal wall, and contains the contractile proteins actinin, alpha-actinin, myosin, and tropomyosin working towards contraction of the disk involved in adherence.


nematocyst

An organelle found in cnidoblast (nematoblast) cells. When matured, these stinging organelles store toxins and can deliver them when the cnidocil (a short extension of the cnidocyst) is stimulated by a prey or another stimulus.


W chromosome

The sex chromosome present in females of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the Z chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The W chromosome is absent from the cells of males and present in one copy in the somatic cells of females.


blepharoplast

An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle found in multi-ciliated sperm cells of some primitive land plants, and consisting of many radially arranged ninefold symmetric cylinders. The blepharoplast is involved in de novo formation of multiple centrioles; it enlarges and then disintegrates into many procentrioles, which elongate and ultimately nucleate cilia on the surface of the sperm cell.


granal stacked thylakoid

Appressed thylakoid membranes that are part of a granum (stacked regions). A characteristic of these appressed regions is the preferential localization of photosystem II.


elaioplast

A leucoplast in which oil is stored.


mitotic nuclear bridge

A narrow constricted region of the nucleus that forms around the anaphase spindle during closed mitosis, and connects the main portions of the newly forming daughter nuclei.


host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host rough ER has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.


extrinsic component of external side of mycolate outer membrane

The component of mycolate membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


extrinsic component of mycolate outer membrane

The component of mycolate outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


alae of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix

Raised, thickened cuticular ridges that run longitudinally, and in parallel, along the left and right sides of the animal. The alae lie above the hypodermal cells known as the lateral seam cells. In C. elegans, alae are produced in L1 larvae, dauer larvae and adult stage animals, where they consist of three, five, and three ridges of distinct morphology, respectively.


host multivesicular body

A late endosome in which regions of the limiting host cell endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; host membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the host cytoplasm.


host cell late endosome

A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from host early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Host late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.


pnictogen molecular entity

A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.


peptide

Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.


primary amide

A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


amide

An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


carboxamide

An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom.


organonitrogen compound

Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


organic amino compound

A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.


polar tube

A highly specialized structure unique to microsporidia that is required for host cell invasion. In the spore, the polar tube is connected at the anterior end, and then coils around the sporoplasm. Upon appropriate environmental stimulation, the polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a cell membrane and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the new host cell.


endospore coat

The layer in a bacterial endospore that lies under the exosporium, and is impermeable to many toxic molecules. The coat may also contain enzymes that are involved in endospore germination.


Yb body

A cytoplasmic part that appears as an electron-dense sphere of around 1.5 micron diameter containing Yb protein found in somatic cells of ovary and testis. There are one to two Yb bodies per cell.


leucoplast stroma

The space enclosed by the double membrane of a leucoplast.


linear element

A proteinaceous scaffold associated with fission yeast chromosomes during meiotic prophase. Linear elements consist of a protein complex, LinE, with four main structural components (Rec10, Rec25, Rec27, and Mug20 in S. pombe) associated with chromatin. The resulting structure is related to but not equivalent to the synaptonemal complex.


amyloplast inner membrane

The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the amyloplast envelope; also faces the amyloplast stroma.


megagametophyte egg cell nucleus

The nucleus of a plant egg cell. This nucleus is found at the micropylar end of the embryo.


lignin network

An extracellular matrix part that consists of lignin in the form of a three-dimensional polymeric network. Lignins are complex racemic aromatic heteropolymers derived from a variety of phenylpropane monomers coupled together by an assortment of carbon-carbon and ether linkages. Lignin is crucial for structural integrity of the cell wall and stiffness and strength of the stem. In addition, lignin waterproofs the cell wall, enabling transport of water and solutes through the vascular system, and plays a role in protecting plants against pathogens.


hyphal septin band

A septin band, i.e. a diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars running parallel to the long axis of the cell, located at the junction between the mother cell and the germ tube (hypha) of a fungal cell growing filamentously.


pilus shaft

The long, slender, mid section of a pilus.


lower tip-link density

An electron-dense plaque at the lower end of a stereocilia tip link that provides the anchor in the stereocilia membrane at the tip of the stereocilium from which the tip link rises.


sieve area

A pit-like area in the cell wall of a sieve element; contains pores lined with callose and occupied by strands of protoplasmic material that interconnect the protoplasts of contiguous sieve elements.


host cell PML body

A nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia) located within a cell of a host organism.


nucleoplasmic side of nuclear pore

The side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that faces the nucleoplasm.


left lateral basal body pair

Set of two basal bodies found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It comprises the anterior and ventral basal bodies located to the right of the left nucleus of the trophozoite when viewed dorsally.


host cell centrosome

A structure in a host cell comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.


stereocilia tip link

A stereocilia link that is formed by a fine filament running more or less vertically upward from the tip of each shorter stereocilium to attach at a higher point on its adjacent taller neighbor. Tilting the bundle puts tension on the filaments, which pull on mechanically gated ion channels in the membrane of the stereocilia.


thorny excrescence

Large complex spine protruding from a dendrite. Each excrescence is formed by a cluster of spine heads.


postsynapse of neuromuscular junction

The postsynapse of a neuromuscular junction. In vertebrate muscles this includes the motor end-plate, consisting of postjunctional folds of the sarcolemma.


dinoflagellate sulcus

A cell surface furrow that occurs on the ventral side of a dinoflagellate cell. It partially houses the longitudinal flagellum. The sulcus intersects with the cingulum on the ventral side of a dinoflagellate cell.


cell surface furrow

A furrow that may be found on the cell surface. Examples include the cingulum and sulcus found in some dinoflagellates.


dinoflagellate cingulum

A cell surface furrow that wraps around a dinoflagellate cell; the transverse flagellum lies in it.


dinoflagellate sulcal notch

A dinoflagellate sulcus that extends all the way to the posterior end of the cell (also known as antapex). The presence of a sulcal notch makes the dinoflagellate hypocone appear bilobed.


dinoflagellate apical groove

A cell surface furrow (or groove) found on a dinoflagellate apex. It typically loops around the apex.


attachment organelle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an attachment organelle. This is a region of the cell membrane facing the environment - in mycoplasma, part of the mycolate outer membrane.


host cell filopodium

Thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile host cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone; usually approximately 0.1 um wide, 5-10 um long, can be up to 50 um long in axon growth cones; contains a loose bundle of about 20 actin filaments oriented with their plus ends pointing outward.


host cell projection

A prolongation or process extending from a host cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


host cell uropod

A host cell membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the leading edge or immunological synapse, respectively.


T=219 icosahedral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=219 symmetry. T=219 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 2180 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 13140 capsid proteins.


post-anaphase array microtubule end

Any microtubule end that is part of a post-anaphase array microtubule.


cytoplasmic microtubule minus-end

A microtubule minus end that is part of a cytoplasmic microtubule.


plasmodesmatal endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum found in plasmodesmata, junctions connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.


membrane stack

A configuration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) found in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and in axons in the lateral vestibular nucleus, consisting of parallel and interconnecting tubules whose outer surfaces are covered by particles or ringlike structures.


host intracellular part

Any constituent part of the living contents of a host cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host chromosome

A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information, occurring within a host cell.


host cell nucleus

A membrane-bounded organelle as it is found in the host cell in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell synaptic vesicle

A secretory organelle of a host cell, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.


Maurer's cleft

A disk-like structure that appears at the periphery of a red blood cell infected by an apicomplexan parasite, characterized by a translucent lumen and an electron-dense coat of variable thickness; often appears to be tethered to the host cell membrane by fibrous connections with the erythrocyte cytoskeleton.


viral replication complex

Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in replicating the viral genome.


host cell nucleolus

A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic host cells.


host cell mitochondrial intermembrane space

The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the host cell mitochondrial envelope.


host cell plastid

Any member of a family of organelles as found in the cytoplasm of host cells, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell nucleoplasm

That part of a host cell's nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host symbiosome

A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of the endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and an outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane) derived from the host cell.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.


host cell synaptic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a host synaptic vesicle.


host cell nuclear lamina

The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a host cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments.


host cell peroxisome

A small host cell organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.


host cell endosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the host cell endosome.


host cell mitochondrion

A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle as found in host cells that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cell cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm

The host cell cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the host nucleus.


host thylakoid membrane

The pigmented membrane of any host thylakoid.


host cell cytoplasmic vesicle

A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a host cell.


host cell lysosome

A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most host animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and host cell lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.


host cell nuclear part

Any constituent part of a host cell's nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell lipid droplet

Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a host cell. May include associated proteins.


host cell Cajal body

A class of nuclear body in the eukaryotic host cell, first seen after silver staining by Ramon y Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host intracellular organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the host cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host smooth ER has no ribosomes adhering to the outer surface.


host cell mitochondrial envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the host cell mitochondrion and separating its contents from the host cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


symbiont-containing vacuole

Membrane-bounded vacuole within a host cell in which a symbiont organism resides. The vacuole membrane is derived from both the host and symbiont.


host cytoskeleton

A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic host cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.


host cell cytoplasmic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a host cell cytoplasmic vesicle.


host cell endosome

A membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to host cell lysosomes for degradation.


host cell nuclear matrix

The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the host nuclear membrane.


double membrane vesicle viral factory lumen

The volume surrounded by the inner membrane of a double membrane vesicle viral factory.


host cell cytoplasm part

Any constituent part of the host cell cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum

The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the host cell cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The host ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).


host cell cytosol

The part of the host cell cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.


host cell viral nucleoid

The region of a host cell that contains the viral genome.


host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, as found in host cells, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


host thylakoid

A membranous cellular structure within the host cell that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the host plasma membrane. In eukaryotic host cells they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.


T=pseudo3 icosahedral viral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with pseudo T=3 symmetry. The T=pseudo3 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres.


icosahedral viral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles; the subunits are arranged to form an icosahedron, a solid with 20 faces and 12 vertices. Icosahedral capsids have 12 pentamers plus 10(T-1) hexamers, where T is the triangulation number. Tobacco satellite necrosis virus has such a capsid structure.


T=147 icosahedral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=147 symmetry. T=147 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 1460 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 8820 capsid proteins.


T=2 icosahedral viral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=2 symmetry. The T=2 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric dimers.


T=25 icosahedral viral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=25 symmetry. The T=25 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 240 hexameric capsomeres.


T=169 icosahedral viral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=169 symmetry. T=169 icosahedral capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 1680 hexameric capsomeres for a total of 10140 capsid proteins.


T=16 icosahedral viral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=16 symmetry. The T=16 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 150 hexameric capsomeres.


T=13 icosahedral viral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=13 symmetry. The T=13 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 120 hexameric capsomeres.


T=3 icosahedral viral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=3 symmetry. The T=3 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 20 hexameric capsomeres.


T=7 icosahedral viral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=7 symmetry. The T=7 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 60 hexameric capsomeres.


T=4 icosahedral viral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=4 symmetry. The T=4 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric and 30 hexameric capsomeres.


T=1 icosahedral viral capsid

The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles where the subunits (capsomeres) are arranged to form an icosahedron with T=1 symmetry. The T=1 capsid is composed of 12 pentameric capsomeres.


postsynaptic specialization membrane of symmetric synapse

The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization of a symmetic synapse. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.


nucleoid

The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined.


type Ib terminal bouton

Terminal inflated portion of the axon of a glutamatergic neuron, containing the specialized apparatus necessary for the tonic release neurotransmitters that will induce the contraction of muscle. Type Ib terminal boutons are larger than type Is terminal boutons.


basal distal dendrite

Any dendrite in a dendritic tree that emerges near the basal pole of a neuron (e.g. in bipolar neurons, basal dendrites are either on the same side of the soma as the axon, or project toward the axon), and which is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma).


cell wall-bounded periplasmic space

The region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall in organisms lacking an outer cell membrane such as yeast and Gram positive bacteria. The region is thinner than the equivalent in Gram negative bacteria.


monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body outer lipid monolayer

The single layer of phopholipids surrounding a lipid storage body.


hyphal tip

The end, or tip, of a fungal hypha, where polarized growth occurs during hyphal elongation.


nucleolar chromatin

The portion of nuclear chromatin associated with the nucleolus; includes the DNA encoding the ribosomal RNA.


nucleolus-associated heterochromatin

Dense particles of heterochromatin, consisting of a loosely twisted strand about 600 Angstrom thick, found associated with the nucleolus.


S bouton

Synaptic bouton found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. S boutons range in diameter from 0.5 to 8 um and contain spherical synaptic vesicles.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisterna

A subcompartment of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum consisting of lumenal expansion into a flattened, disc-shaped cavity.


subrhabdomeral cisterna

A membrane-bounded compartment that is found at the base of the rhabdomere and contains stored calcium, InsP3 receptors and smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.


sub-surface cisterna

Specialization of the hypolemmal cisterna consisting of either single profiles or closely apposed stacks of endoplasmic reticulum in which the lumen is obliterated, lying 10-20 nm beneath the plasma membrane.


hypolemmal cisterna

Specialized part of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum that closely underlies the plasma membrane, usually within 60 nm or closer.


ciliary pocket

Invagination of the plasma membrane from which a cilium (also called flagellum) protrudes.


eisosome membrane domain/MCC

A plasma membrane part that is composed of a furrow-like plasma membrane domain and associated integral transmembrane proteins.