aldonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.


galactonate metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid, an organic acid derived from the sugar galactose.


L-idonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.


ketogluconate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.


galactonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid.


keto-D-gluconate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.


keto-D-gluconate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving keto-D-gluconate, the anion of keto-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.


L-galactonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-galactonate, the anion of L-galactonic acid.


ketogluconate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.


L-idonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.


L-galactonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-galactonate, the anion of L-galactonic acid.


D-gluconate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.


aldonic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.


D-galactonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galactonate, the anion of D-galactonic acid.


methylgallate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.


methylgallate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.


auxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


indoleacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.


nucleoplasmic reticulum

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Long, dynamic tubular channels, formed by invagination of the nuclear envelope, that extend deep into the nucleoplasm. The channels have an underlying lamina and are implicated in functioning in signaling and transport.


The acetylation of the N-terminal threonine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-threonine; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.


tRNA wobble base lysidine biosynthesis

The process in which the carbonyl of cytosine at position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally replaced by lysine.


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core

The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


(R)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADH activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + (4R)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


(R)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O + (4R)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


(R)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = NADP+ + H2O + (4R)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


response to jasmonic acid stimulus involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus received in the context of the jasmonic acid- and ethylene (ethene)-dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.


ventricular septum intermedium development

The progression of the ventricular septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


leucine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-leucine + CoA + H+.


pectic arabinogalactan I metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinogalactan I, an alpha-(1,4)-linked D-galactopyranose backbone that is substituted with alpha-l-Araf residues via the O-3 of the D-galactose residues. Arabinogalactan I can be found as a side chain of rhamnogalacturonan I.


rhamnogalacturonan I side chain metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of the pectin, rhamnogalacturonan I.


pectic arabinan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinan, a polymer with an alpha-(1->5)-linked L-arabinofuranose (Araf) backbone that can be substituted with Araf-alpha-(1->2)-, Araf-alpha-(1->3)-, and/or Araf-alpha-(1->3)-Araf-alpha-(1->3)-side chains. Arabinan can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.


pectic galactan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactan, a polymer of D-galactosyl units that can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.


citrate (pro-3S)-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = acetate + oxaloacetate.


pyruvate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: fructose-6-phosphate + diphosphate = phosphate + fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.


phosphofructokinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a phosphofructose substrate molecule.


1-phosphofructokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose 1-phosphate = ADP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


negative regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.


regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.


positive regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.


positive regulation of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide metabolic process.


negative regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.


regulation of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellooligosaccharide catabolic process.


DNA demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleosides within a DNA molecule.


nuclear matrix organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.


cell quiescence

A specialized resting state that cells enter in response to cues from the cell's environment. Quiescence is characterized by the absence of cell growth and division, by a reprogramming of global gene expression, and by changes characteristic of the organism and specific cell type. Depending on external conditions, quiescence may persist until cell death or cells may resume cell growth and division. In some cell types or under certain conditions, cellular metabolism may proceed.


sequence-specific DNA binding, bending

The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to DNA in a sequence-specific manner and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


double-strand/single-strand DNA junction binding

Binding to a DNA segment that contains double-stranded DNA flanked by a region of single-stranded DNA.


cytosine/cytosine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a C/C mispair.


O6-alkylguanine-DNA binding

Binding to an O6-alkylguanine adduct in DNA.


adenine/adenine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an A/A mispair.


DNA insertion or deletion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an insertion or a deletion.


single adenine insertion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single adenine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired adenine.


topological DNA co-entrapment activity

A DNA binding activity in which a protein complex interacts with more than one DNA duplex to encircle the DNA molecules with a loose fitting ring.


open form four-way junction DNA binding

Binding to a DNA segment containing the open form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The open form of a four-way junction can be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over.


thymine/thymine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a T/T mispair.


replication fork barrier binding

Binding to replication fork barriers, sites that inhibit the progress of replication forks.


double-stranded/single-stranded junction telomeric DNA binding

Binding to a junction formed at the point where double-stranded telomeric DNA becomes a single-stranded G-rich telomeric DNA 3' overhang.


RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding, bending

Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


DNA-DNA tethering activity

Bridging together two regions of a DNA molecule.


rDNA spacer replication fork barrier binding, bending

The activity of binding selectively, and in a sequence-specific manner, a replication fork barrier found in rDNA spacers, and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence.


guanine/guanine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a G/G mispair.


C-rich strand telomeric DNA binding

Binding to C-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA.


chromatin loop anchoring activity

Bridging together two DNA loop anchors together, maintaining a chromatin loop.


GC-box binding

Binding to a GC-box, a DNA motif with the consensus sequence GGGCGG that is located upstream of the start point of eukaryotic transcription units. The GC-box may occur in multiple copies or in either orientation relative to the transcription start site.


rDNA spacer replication fork barrier binding

Binding to replication fork barriers found in rDNA spacers, sites that inhibit replication forks in the direction opposite to rDNA transcription.


5S rDNA binding

Binding to a 5S rDNA sequence, encoding ribosomal 5S rRNA, which is individually transcribed by RNA polymerase III, rather than by RNA polymerase I, in species where it exists.


template for synthesis of G-rich strand of telomere DNA activity

Provision of the template used by reverse transcriptase to synthesize the G-rich strand of telomeric DNA.


RNA polymerase III hybrid type promoter sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a sequence of DNA that is a part of a hybrid type promoter that controls transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III). A hybrid Pol III promoter contains both regulatory elements both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. An example gene with such a promoter is the S. cerevisiae U6 gene.


promoter-terminator loop anchoring activity

Bridging together a cis-regulatory element and a terminator DNA sequences on the chromatin, holding two loop anchors together, maintaining a chromatin loop.


microsatellite binding

Binding to a microsatellite, a repeat_region in DNA containing repeat units (2 to 4 base pairs) that is repeated multiple times in tandem.


piRNA cluster binding

Binding to piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs).


crossed form four-way junction DNA binding

Binding to a DNA segment containing the crossed form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The crossed form of a four-way junction cannot be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over, and instead contains a single crossover between two of the strands.


adenine/cytosine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing an A/C mispair.


P-element binding

Binding to a P-element, a class of Drosophila transposon responsible for hybrid dysgenesis.


plastid promoter transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region that controls transcription by a plastid RNA polymerase. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.


cytosine/thymine mispair binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a C/T mispair.


RNA polymerase I transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls the transcription of a gene or cistron by RNA polymerase I.


5'-flap-structured DNA binding

Binding to a 5'-flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded 5'-end of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule. 5'-flap structures can be formed during DNA repair or lagging strand synthesis; in the latter case RNA flaps form from lagging strand RNA primers.


RNA polymerase III cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in cis relative to the transcription start site (i.e., on the same strand of DNA) of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III. The transcribed region might be contain a single gene or a cistron containing multiple genes.


piRNA dual-strand cluster binding

Binding to dual-strand piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) where piRNAs originate from both DNA strands via noncanonical transcription.


juvenile hormone response element binding

Binding to a juvenile hormone response element (JHRE), a conserved sequence found in the promoters of genes whose expression is regulated in response to juvenile hormone.


tDNA binding

Binding to DNA sequences encoding transfer RNA.


piRNA uni-strand cluster binding

Binding to uni-strand piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that map predominantly to only one strand and exhibit hallmarks of canonical Pol II transcription. Uni-strand piRNA clusters are found in many taxa.


DNA template activity

Binding to nucleic acid via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target DNA molecule.


alkylated DNA binding

Binding to an alkylated residue in DNA.


blastoderm segmentation

The hierarchical steps resulting in the progressive subdivision of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo.


SCF-Grr1/Pof2 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Grr1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof2 in S. pombe).


ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + Ecdysone + O2 = 20-hydroxyecdysone + A + H2O.


glomerular basement membrane

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The layer of extracellular matrix that lies between the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes of the inner or visceral layer of the Bowman capsule; it is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas and acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter.


pronephric glomerular basement membrane

A glomerular basement membrane that is part of a pronephros.


negative regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


xylan endo-1,3-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.


xylanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylans, homopolysaccharides composed of xylose residues.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl links in some glucuronoarabinoxylans.


endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.


xylan 1,3-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of successive xylose residues from the non-reducing termini of (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.


xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylans so as to remove successive D-xylose residues from the non-reducing termini.


exoxylanase activity

A xylanase activity that acts on one of the ends of a xylan polymer which does not contain side chains.


establishment of myocardial progenitor cell apical/basal polarity

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an myocardial progenitor cell that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


establishment of proximal/distal cell polarity

The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its proximal/distal axis.


imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection

Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally.


positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.


mitochondrial chromosome packaging

A process in which mitochondrial chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure.


uridine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxycinnamate + UDP.


Mad-Max-mSin3B complex

A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3B, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.


cytokinin binding

Binding to a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


MAML3-RBP-Jkappa-ICN1 complex

A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate = 10-oxabenzo(def)chrysen-9-one + formate + H+.


levopimaradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = abieta-8(14),12-diene + diphosphate.


cytokinin-activated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of a cytokinin to a receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


positive regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


positive regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


negative regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


endosome lysis involved in viral entry into host cell

Viral-induced lysis of the endosome involved in uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs after internalization of the virus through the endosomal pathway, and results in release of the viral contents from the endosome into the host cell cytoplasm.


lysis of host organelle involved in viral entry into host cell

The viral-induced lysis of an organelle (endosome, lysosome, or caveosome) that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs once the virus is within the organelle, and results in transfer of the viral contents from the organelle compartment into the cytoplasm.


macropinosome lysis involved in viral entry into host cell

Viral-induced lysis of the macropinosome involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell. Occurs after internalization of the virus in a macropinosome, and results in the release of viral contents from the macropinosome into the host cell cytoplasm.


positive regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-cysteine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-cysteine.


cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the dorsal spinal cord cell population.


beta-alanopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-beta-alanopine + H2O + NAD+ = beta-alanine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


negative regulation of dauer larval development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


negative regulation of post-embryonic development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.


negative regulation of dauer entry

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.


negative regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


negative regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


negative regulation of pupariation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of onset of pupariation.


negative regulation of flower development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


negative regulation of lateral root development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.


negative regulation of stomatal complex development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.


negative regulation of nematode larval development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.


negative regulation of vulval development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


negative regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.


negative regulation of seed germination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.


negative regulation of thermomorphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thermomorphogenesis.


photosystem II assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms.


photosystem II oxygen evolving complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II on a thylakoid membrane. The OEC protects the calcium-4 manganese-5 oxide cluster which is bound to the D1 and CP43 proteins. The exact protein composition of the OEC varies between cyanobacteria and plants, and in plants consists of three extrinsic nuclear-encoded polypeptides: PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ.


glutamate receptor clustering

The neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering process in which glutamate receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


ciliary receptor clustering involved in smoothened signaling pathway

Grouping of smoothened or patched receptors in a cilium, contributing to the smoothened signaling pathway.


cardiac left atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.


cardiac right atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.


L-proline betaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.


snRNA capping

The addition of a methylphosphate cap at the 5'-end of 7SK snRNA (7SK RNA). Capping 7SK RNA stabilizes it.


alignment of 3' and 5' splice sites of mRNA

Recognition of both the 5' and 3'-splice sites and positioning them in the correct alignment with respect to each other so that the second catalytic step of nuclear mRNA splicing can occur.


response to host iron concentration

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting iron concentration in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of multivesicular body size involved in endosome transport

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles.


regulation of post-lysosomal vacuole size

Any process that modulates the volume of a post-lysosomal vacuole, a membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.


regulation of multivesicular body size involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin.


aromatic primary alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic primary alcohol.


microtubule site clamp

The binding activity of a molecule that attaches the spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating epinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway

A cellular carbohydrate catabolic process that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and either glyceraldehyde or glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by dehydration and aldol cleavage via a gluconate or 6-phosphogluconate intermediate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through 6-phosphogluconate

A pathway that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration.


adenosine salvage

Any process that generates adenosine, adenine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


cellulose catabolism by endo-processive cellulases

The breakdown into simpler components of cellulose. Catabolism is initiated by endohydrolytic attacks on the cellulose chain, and the resulting pieces are further degraded by cellulase enzymes to produce smaller and smaller fragments.


beta-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-glucans.


anaerobic cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, in absence of oxygen.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


(1->6)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.


cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


actinomycete-type spore formation

The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed from a substrate mycelium; characteristic of many members of the order Actinomycetales.


reproductive process in single-celled organism

A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a single-celled organism.


mating type switching

The conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.


sexual macrocyst formation

The fusion of haploid amoebae cells with matching mating types to form a larger cell, which ingests additional amoebae and forms a cellulose wall. The resulting macrocyst undergoes recombination and meiosis followed by release of haploid amoebae. An example of this process can be found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


cytogamy

During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


mating-type locus imprinting

A genomic imprinting process in which a stable single-strand DNA lesion triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


negative regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


negative regulation of timing of exogen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.


positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + methanethiol = L-methionine + acetate. Also reacts with other thiols and H2S, producing homocysteine or thioethers.


positive regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.


positive regulation of sporangiospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.


positive regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.


positive regulation of zygospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.


positive regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


positive regulation of ascospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.


positive regulation of teliospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or overwintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.


positive regulation of oospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.


positive regulation of zoospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.


positive regulation of uredospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.


positive regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


positive regulation of aeciospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.


polytene chromosome puff

A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription.


polytene chromosome band

A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band.


polytene chromosome interband

A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands.


equatorial microtubule organizing center assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an equatorial microtubule organizing center.


pole cell migration

The directed movement of a pole cell (germline progenitors in insects) from its site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form.


cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-arginine-adding)

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp + L-arginine = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n+1.


aldonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aldonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


maintenance of stationary phase in response to toxin

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to a build-up of toxins in the environment.


regulation of keratinocyte migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-mannosamine + NAD+ = N-acyl-D-mannosaminolactone + H+ + NADH.


posterior neural plate formation

The formation of posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity.


discadenine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-dimethylallyladenine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + discadenine + H+.


ripoptosome assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to apoptosis via the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)benzoate + H+ + UDP.


anoxia protection

Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from anoxia, which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to anoxia.


oculomotor nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


positive regulation of protein refolding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein refolding.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichol-phosphate + UDP-D-xylose = dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + UDP.


N6-methyl-lysine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-methyl-L-lysine + H2O + O2 = L-lysine + formaldehyde + H2O2.


interleukin-35 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-35 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to homocysteine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.


quercetin 3-sophoroside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl(1->2)glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP + H+.


actin cortical patch organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis.


regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


epithalamus development

The progression of the epithalamus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle.


enone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an enone + NADPH + H+ = a ketone + NADP+.


mediolateral intercalation

The interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


quercitrinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + quercitrin = L-rhamnose + quercetin.


beta-alanine catabolic process to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis.


succinylornithine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


diakinesis

The cell cycle phase which follows diplotene during prophase I of meiosis, the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-(3S,4R)-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofluorene = 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


regulation of seed germination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.


lung pattern specification process

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the lung, to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


geraniol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving geraniol.


arginine deiminase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine and CO2, using the enzyme arginine deiminase.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde + O2 + H2O <=> H+ + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + hydrogen peroxide.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.


vellosimine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + vellosimine.


3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


sulfate adenylyltransferase (ADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H+ + sulfate = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + phosphate.


regulation of D-xylose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose.


establishment of localization

Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.


heart rudiment involution

The inward folding of myocardial tissue derived from the right half of the heart rudiment that will form the future ventral part of the heart tube.


Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-phenylalanine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.


mannitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate + carbamoyl-phosphate = phosphate + a 3-carbamoyloxymethylcephem.


glucose catabolic process to pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of pyruvate.


negative regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.


hyphopodium formation

The process in which a specialized structure, consisted of stalked, thick-walled, lobed cells of vegetative epiphytic hyphae, is formed, to attach and penetrate the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I transmembrane protein complex. One mechanism of suppression is by direct inhibition of host tapasin, a type I transmembrane protein essential for the optimal expression of stable MHC class I molecules on the host cell surface. By inhibiting host tapasin activity, viruses can prevent presentation of their antigens at the cell surface, and thereby evade the host anti-viral immune response.


cellular component disassembly

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component.


induction by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

The activation by a symbiont of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


scutellarein 7-methyl ether 4'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scutellarein 7-methyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> ladanein + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


pyrogallol 1,2-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + pyrogallol = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + 2 H+.


ephedrine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,2S)-ephedrine + NAD+ = (R)-2-methylimino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol + 2 H+ + NADH.


regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


inositol tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (containing 2-phosphate) + ADP.


guard cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the guard cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + H+ + an anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside = coenzyme A + H+ + an anthocyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucoside].


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


trichodiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trichodiene.


modulation of host virulence by virus

A process by which a virus improves the virulence of its host for that host's respective host. Common in but not limited to bacteriophages; also occurs in phage-bearing bacteria infecting plants or animals for example. Mechanisms include the expression of factors that modulate a bacterial adhesion to a host cell, spread through host tissues, production of exotoxins or provide protection against host immune defenses.


coenzyme M biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme M (2-thioethansulfonate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.


lateral line nerve glial cell migration

The movement of a glial cell along the axons in a lateral line nerve.


5S rRNA primary transcript binding

Binding to an unprocessed 5S ribosomal RNA transcript.


Catalysis of the reactions: taurochenodeoxycholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = taurohyocholate + NADP+ + H2O, and lithocholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hyodeoxycholate + NADP+ + H2O.


cytokinin receptor activity

Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


non-myelinated axon ensheathment in central nervous system

The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane encircles an axon in the central nervous system.


trans-ACOHDA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate + H2O = fumarylpyruvate + NH3.


GAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAA codon.


6-phospho-beta-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-phospho-beta-D-galactoside + H2O = 6-phospho-D-galactose + an alcohol.


rosmarinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate = CoA + rosmarinate.


proteasome-nuclear membrane anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a proteasome complex and a nuclear inner membrane, to maintain the nuclear membrane localization of the proteasome.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.


post-embryonic animal morphogenesis

The process, occurring after animal embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


negative regulation of muscle atrophy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle atrophy.


negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.


ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


response to low humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of low humidity stimulus, reduced moisture in the atmosphere.


positive regulation of hypoxanthine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


negative regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: tricoumaroyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: oxalate + succinyl-CoA = oxalyl-CoA + succinate.


photorespiration

A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria.


funalenone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of funalenone.


morphogenesis of an epithelial bud

The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from an epithelial sheet. A bud is a protrusion that forms form the sheet by localized folding.


regulation of systemic acquired resistance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


larval heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper.


renal capsule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a renal capsule from unspecified parts. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.


negative regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


choline sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + choline = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + choline sulfate + H+.


steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


G protein-coupled purinergic receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular purine or purine derivative binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


negative regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.


maintenance of protein location in chloroplast

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a chloroplast, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-L-dihydrostreptose + streptidine 6-phosphate = O-(1->4)-alpha-L-dihydrostreptosyl-streptidine 6-phosphate + dTDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone.


negative regulation of foraging behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.


Lands organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Lands, a class of nuclear body that react against SP140 auto-antibodies.


regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,3'-dimethylquercetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> quercetin 3,4'-O-diglucoside + UDP(3-).


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-beta-hydroxytaxusin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2alpha, 7-beta-dihydroxytaxusin + NADP + H2O.


anterior neural plate formation

The formation of anterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


menstrual cycle

A type of ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.


envenomation resulting in muscle damage in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism.


benzoylformate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoylformate = benzaldehyde + CO2.


germacrene C synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = germacrene C + diphosphoric acid.


viral capsid assembly

The assembly of a virus capsid from its protein subunits.


Catalysis of the transfer of an oleoyl (systematic name, (9Z)-octadecenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] = diphosphate + adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].


glutamate catabolic process to 4-hydroxybutyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into 4-hydroxybutyrate.


regulation of galactomannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.


maltodextrin water dikinase

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a maltodextrin = AMP + hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin.


poly(alpha-L-guluronate) lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing a terminal alpha-L-guluronate group = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing a terminal a-L-guluronate group, to give oligopolysaccharides with 4-deoxy-a-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.


envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.


mitigation of host defenses by symbiont

A process by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense response. The host defense response is mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a neuropeptide.


response to ribavirin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ribavirin stimulus.


choline biosynthetic process via N-monomethylethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate N-monomethylethanolamine.


regulation of stomatal complex development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.


proton motive force-driven plasma membrane ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across the plasma membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5B + S-adenosylmethionine = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 6A.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


inclusion body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.


dense core granule docking

The initial attachment of a dense core granule membrane to the plasma membrane.


protein-glycine ligase activity, elongating

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a glycine residue covalently attached to the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue on a target protein, resulting in the elongation of a polyglycine side chain.


isopeptide cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within peptide chains, where either the amino group or the carboxyl group, or both, are not attached to the alpha carbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + NAD(P)+ = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + NAD(P)H + H+.


iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide

The incorporation of iron and molybdenum into a Mo-7Fe-8S iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide, found in nitrogenase.


ethylene-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the reception of ethylene (ethene, C2H4) by a receptor and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


gliotoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.


alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltopentaose

The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltopentaose.


response to carbendazim

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.


arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + NH3.


protein catabolic process at presynapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a presynapse.


mannoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


The attachment of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane to a peroxisome via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.


pentitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(P)+ = 3-sulfopyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+.


cyclohexanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexanol, the monohydroxy derivative of cyclohexane. It is used as a solvent and blending agent.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol <=> (3Z)-hex-3-en-1-yl acetate + coenzyme A.


prenylcysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


palmitic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of palmitic acid.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness.


(-)-secologanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secologanin.


L-rhamnose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnofuranose + NAD+ = L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H+ + NADH.


geranial dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranial + NAD+ + OH- = geranylate + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate, an aromatic hydrocarbon.


regulation of seed growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the seed of an plant.


rubrospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord.


endosulfan monooxygenase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan sulfate + H2O.


peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamine

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine residues by deamidation and esterification with omega-hydroxyceramide.


integument development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the integument over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Integument is one of the layers of tissue that usually covers the ovule, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex.


octanoic acid binding

Binding to octanoic acid.


basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

Any basement membrane assembly that is involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.


follicle cell of egg chamber-cell adhesion

The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


NADH regeneration

A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADH by the reduction of NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + progesterone = 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + A + H2O.


norbixin methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: norbixin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> bixin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


dauer entry

Entry into the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


Catalysis of the reaction: sterol + 1,2-diacylglycerol = sterol ester + acylglycerol.


deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage near pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.


ventral aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ventral aorta are generated and organized. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


cardiac glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-9,10-dihydrodiol.


autolysis

A programmed cell death process observed in bacteria and filamentous fungi and leading to spontaneous death by lysis. Examples are lysis of the mother cell during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis and self-degradation of fungal cells in Aspergillus nidulans. Autolysis is also involved in bacterial biofilm formation.


N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation involved in translation

An N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation process that contributes to translation.


protein localization to microtubule minus-end

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule minus-end.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


regulation of autophagic cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.


spindle checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that that controls a cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticulinium(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> (R)-laudanine(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


malonate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonate = acetate + malonyl-CoA.


regulation of Kit signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.


1,2-dichloroethane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.


histone lysine demethylation

The modification of a histone by the removal of a methyl group from a lysine residue.


organomercury biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organomercury compounds, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.


maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity

Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis.


adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. An example of this is the adult cuticle pigmentation process in Drosophila melanogaster.


serine-isocitrate lyase pathway

A one-carbon metabolic process in which acetyl-CoA is produced from formaldehyde and carbon dioxide.


benzo(a)pyrene 11,12-epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-11,12-epoxide.


cellular response to proline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


suberin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols.


modulation by host of symbiont process

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


epithelial cell migration involved in nephron tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to nephron tubule morphogenesis.


F-9775A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving F-9775A.


isopentenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenol.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with other known acceptors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which phosphorus or arsenic acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a known acceptor other than disulfide, NAD or NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene-18-al + H2O + NAD+ = abieta-7,13-diene-18-oate + NADH + H+.


mesenchymal stem cell migration involved in uteric bud morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another contributing to the shaping of the ureteric bud. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


ferredoxin-NAD+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NADH + H+.


regulation of ornithine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nitrile + H2O = a carboxylate + NH3. Acts on a wide range of aromatic nitriles including (indole-3-yl)-acetonitrile and some aliphatic nitriles, and on the corresponding acid amides.


7-epi-alpha-selinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> (-)-7-epi-alpha-selinene + diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from peptidoglycan.


UDP-arabinose 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-arabinose = UDP-alpha-D-xylose.


preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

The first nine mitotic division cycles of the insect embryo, during which the dividing nuclei lie deep in the interior of the egg and divide nearly synchronously. This is the first phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis.


D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + acceptor = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + reduced acceptor.


myristoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myristic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + myristoyl-CoA.


regulation of lipid localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + 2 H+.


3-hydroxyphenyl propionate:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(out) + H+(out) = 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate(in) + H+(in).


norepinephrine-mediated vasodilation

A vasodilation process resulting from secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


beta-catenin destruction complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin destruction complex.


epigallocatechin 3-gallate binding

Binding to epigallocatechin 3-gallate, a compound that is a gallic acid ester of a catechin.


facial nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the facial nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


lipid A phosphate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 1-phosphate group of lipid A.


petromyzonol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5alpha-cholane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol = 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-yl sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


metanephric cap morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric cap are generated and organized. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + diphosphate = O-phospho-L-serine + H+ + phosphate.


benzylsuccinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + toluene = 2-benzylsuccinate.


3-dehydroquinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate = 3-dehydroquinate + phosphate.


fibroblast proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblasts, resulting in the expansion of a fibroblast population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


brassinosteroid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.


xyloglucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


regulation of leaflet formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaflet formation.


positive regulation of response to gamma radiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.


chemosensory jump behavior

The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance.


lincomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lincomycin.


solanidine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + solanidine = H+ + gamma-chaconine + UDP.


regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone, five-membered saturated heterocyclic ring structures containing a sulfur and a nitrogen in the 1-position and 2-positions respectively.


regulation of monooxygenase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a monooxygenase.


lactaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = (S)-lactate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylarsenous acid + R2S-CH3 = trimethylarsine oxide + R2SH.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including glycine and succinyl-CoA.


cap snatching

A transcription initiation process during which a nucleotide sequence between 10 and 20 nucleotides in size is cleaved from the 5' end of host mRNAs by a viral RNA-dependent polymerase. The capped leader sequence obtained is subsequently used to prime transcription on the viral genome, which ultimately leads to the synthesis of capped, translatable viral mRNAs.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate + H2O.


glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which glycerol is converted into glycerone and NAD+ or NADP is reduced.


extrasynaptic signaling via GABA

Cell-cell signaling that starts with the activation of extrasynaptic GABA receptors in neurons through binding of ambient gamma-aminobutyric acid present in the extracellular fluid.


guard mother cell differentiation

The process in which a meristemoid acquires the specialized features of a guard mother cell.


imidazole N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1H-imidazole + acetyl-CoA = N-acetylimidazole + CoA.


cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment

Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.


protein-phosphocysteine-D-sorbitol-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + D-sorbitol(out) = protein cysteine + D-sorbitol-1-phosphate(in).


galactitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate + H2O = biphenyl-2-ol + sulfite.


very long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+, where the acyl group is a very long-chain fatty acid residue. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,5-dichlorocatechol + NADP+ + H2O.


cuticle development involved in chitin-based cuticle molting cycle

The synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based non-cellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


cytoskeleton polarization involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the polarization of cytoskeletal structures in a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte. This process results in the oriented division of the cell.


cellular response to methotrexate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD(P)+ + H2O = nitrate + NAD(P)H + H+.


peptidyl-lysine myristoylation

The myristoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-myristoyl-L-lysine.


tRNA U4 sulfurtransferase

Catalyzes the reaction: ATP + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + uracil in tRNA + 2 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster <=> AMP + diphosphate + 4-thiouracil in tRNA + [ThiI sulfur-carrier protein]-L-cysteine + 2 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster.


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 1/2 O2 = glyoxylate + 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.


regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


cellular response to strigolactone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a strigolactone stimulus.


regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.


posterior midgut invagination

Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior.


positive regulation of transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.


endocrocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving endocrocin.


ureter smooth muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of placenta blood vessel development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of placenta blood vessel development.


eye pigment metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.


salutaridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticuline + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> salutaridine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


plant septum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


tartrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tartrate from one side of a membrane to the other. Tartrate is the anion of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, one of the aldaric acids. The L(+) enantiomer occurs widely in plants, especially in grape juice, and in fungi and bacteria.


demethylkotanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving demethylkotanin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.


peptide cross-linking via 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone

The cross-linking of a tryptophan residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of methylamine dehydrogenase.


gliotoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.


positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway, in a different organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + oxaloacetate = L-aspartate + glyoxylate.


modulation by host of viral glycoprotein metabolic process

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.


epithelial cell maturation involved in salivary gland development

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the salivary gland to attain its fully functional state.


blood microparticle formation

The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from a parent cell. A microparticle is a phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell.