osteoarthritis

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A noninflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons, characterised by degeneration of the articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins and changes in the synovial membrane. It is accompanied by pain and stiffness, particularly after prolonged activity.


A C-C chemokine receptor type 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Set of peripheral nerves

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


pain

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Cytokines | XXX | Chemistry - non-challenge


Inflammatory cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


aggrecan core protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human ACAN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Toll-like receptor

A protein that has a core domain composition consisting of a signal peptide, an extracellular domain with multiple Leucine rich repeat (Pfam:PF13855) domain (LRR), a cysteine-rich region, a single-pass transmembrane domain and a C-terminal cytoplasmic tail containing a TIR domain (Pfam:PF01582).


sensory neuron of dorsal root ganglion

A sensory neuron of the dorsal root ganglia that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord.


A sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Arthroscopic trimming of medial meniscus

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


nociceptor

Peripheral receptors for pain. Nociceptors include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. All nociceptors are free nerve endings.


Connective Tissue Cells

A non-epithelial cell of mesodermal origin that is found in mesenchymal tissue and functions to support, surround, or protect other structures or organs in the body.


Immunity, Innate

biolink:OrganismAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass


Antineoplastic Immune Cell

Any immune cell-based preparation that can be used or may potentially be used for its cytotoxic activity against cancer cells.


Macrophages, Alveolar

Phagocytic macrophages on the surface of the pulmonary alveoli.  They ingest foreign substances inhaled into the alveoli.


synovitis

Inflammation of a synovial membrane.


Experimental Model

biolink:Publication biolink:InformationContentEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity


adult gender dysphoria, sexually attracted to both sexes


dorsal root ganglion

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain. (MSH) * ganglion found on the posterior root of each spinal nerve, composed of the unipolar nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the nerve. (CSP).


Medial meniscus structure

A semicircular meniscus located towards the inner aspect of the knee joint.


NGF

A beta-nerve growth factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


F4/80-negative adipose macrophage

An adipose macrophage that does not express F4/80but is MHC-II-positive. This cell type exhibits autofluorescence under typical flow cyometry conditions.


A fractalkine that is encoded in the genome of human.


A C-C motif chemokine 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A Toll-like receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Paclitaxel

A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name 'taxol' is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark.


A myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 that is encoded in the genome of zebrafish.


MyD88-independent TLR4 cascade  (Caenorhabditis elegans)

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


An Axin-2 that is encoded in the genome of rat.


sensory peripheral neuropathy

Inflammation or degeneration of the sensory nerves.


dorsal root ganglion development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dorsal root ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lamina

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any thin layer or plate.


substantia gelatinosa

Gelatinous-appearing material in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, consisting chiefly of Golgi type II neurons and some larger nerve cells, corresponding to Rexed lamina II.


non-human primate disease

Diseases of animals within the order primates. This term includes diseases of Haplorhini and Strepsirhini.


Posterior Horn Cells

Neurons in the posterior (dorsal) horn of the spinal cord whose cell bodies and processes are confined entirely to the central nervous system. They receive collateral or direct terminations of dorsal root fibers. They send their axons either directly to anterior horn cells or to the white matter ascending and descending longitudinal fibers.


leukotriene C4

A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.


A cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Mouse Model

biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Neurons

Any of the conducting cells of the nervous system. A typical neuron consists of a cell body, containing the nucleus and the surrounding cytoplasm (perikaryon); several short radiating processes (dendrites); and one long process (the axon), which terminates in twiglike branches (telodendrons) and may have branches (collaterals) projecting along its course.


Pain

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.


neurotrophin

A protein that is a neurotrophic polypeptide factor that regulates neuronal differentiation and is essential for neuronal survival, neurite growth and plasticity. It contains a signal peptide, a propeptide, and a C-terminal Nerve growth factor family (Pfam:PF00243) domain.


Peripheral neuropathy due to and following antineoplastic therapy

Any disorder affecting the peripheral nerves resulting from exposure to chemotherapeutic agents.


nerve

An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures.


dorsal horn interneuron

A CNS interneuron located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.


immune system

Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.


nervous system

The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].


Inflammation

A finding of a localized protective response resulting from injury or destruction of tissues. Inflammation serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. In the acute phase, inflammation is characterized by the signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Histologically, inflammation involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow; exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins; and leukocyte migration into the site of inflammation.


Skin and pressure injury &or injury treatments during assessment period


An anthrax toxin receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Afferent neuron

An afferent neuron that converts environmental stimuli into electrical impulses that are transmitted to the central nervous system.


trigeminal ganglion

The cranial ganglion that is associated with and extends fibers into the trigeminal nerve.


Q4R497_MACFA Testis cDNA clone: QtsA-11487, similar to human human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer bindingprotein 3 (HIVEP3) (trembl)


pain receptor cell

The peripheral receptor for pain. Includes receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. All mammalian nociceptors are free nerve endings.


Spontaneous activity

biolink:ClinicalAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass


type 2 diabetes mellitus

A type of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by insulin resistance or desensitization and increased blood glucose levels. This is a chronic disease that can develop gradually over the life of a patient and can be linked to both environmental factors and heredity.


Entire intervertebral symphysis between L4 and L5


Chronic pain

Persistent pain, usually defined as pain that has lasted longer than 3 to 6 months.


Neuroinflammation

Activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge and is characterized by a host of cellular and molecular changes within the brain.


obesity disorder

A disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat.


Cannabigerol

A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species.


American Indian or Alaska Native

biolink:PopulationOfIndividualOrganisms biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Fort Peck Assiniboine Sioux (ethnic group)


Behavior problem of childhood and adolescence


New Mexico

biolink:GeographicLocation biolink:PlanetaryEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity


Youth Risk Behavior Survey - body weight panel


Social support

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Heroin

A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.


alcohol

A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.


Pain associated with prosthesis of knee joint


Disturbance in mood

A change in disposition or state of mind.


anxiety

Apprehension of danger and dread accompanied by restlessness, tension, tachycardia, and dyspnea unattached to a clearly identifiable stimulus.


diacylglycerol lipase-beta

A protein that is a translation product of the human DAGLB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


macrophage

A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells.


anterior cingulate cortex

The frontal part of the cingulate cortex that resembles a collar form around the corpus callosum. It includes both the ventral and dorsal areas of the cingulate cortex. Wikipedia:File:Gray727.svg.


hippocampus fimbria

Regional part of fornix consisting of a prominent white matter structure adjacent to the hippocampus on the ventricular side continuous with the alveus. Near the splenium the fimbria separates from the hippocampus as the crus of the fornix. [adapted from Wikipedia] (MM: 2006-10-26).


F6QVC4_MOUSE RIKEN cDNA 1700049E17 gene, gene 1 (trembl)


signaling

The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.


mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.


neonatal leukemia

Leukemia that occurs during the neonatal period.


Neonatal epiphyseal stippling

The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in one or more epiphyses during the neonatal period.


Morphine

A morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy).


nasopharyngitis

An inflammatory process that affects the nasopharynx.


monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD2

A protein that is a translation product of the human ABHD2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


hemolytic anemia

Anemia resulting from the premature destruction of the peripheral blood red cells. It may be congenital or it may be caused by infections, medications, or malignancies.


Acute Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that has a severe or rapid onset.


Chronic visceral pain due to persistent inflammation


mast cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.


Market services to healthcare professionals

biolink:Activity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Nurses

biolink:Cohort biolink:StudyPopulation biolink:PopulationOfIndividualOrganisms biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Methadone

A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.


Buprenorphine

A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.


metabolism medication toxicity

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


outcomes otolaryngology swallowing (treatment)


cancer

A tumor composed of atypical neoplastic, often pleomorphic cells that invade other tissues. Malignant neoplasms often metastasize to distant anatomic sites and may recur after excision. The most common malignant neoplasms are carcinomas (adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas), Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, leukemias, melanomas, and sarcomas.


migraine disorder

A common, severe type of vascular headache often associated with increased sympathetic activity, resulting in nausea, vomiting, and light sensitivity.


meningeal artery

One of the arteries supplying a meninix[Automatically generated definition].


Serine

The L-enantiomer of serine.


Sumatriptan

A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.


Dural material

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Fibroblasts

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


S1PRY7_ECOLX N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase (trembl)


central nervous system

The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord.


New daily persistent headache

A bilateral, unremitting headache of mild to moderate intensity that occurs daily and may be associated with photophobia, phonophobia, or mild nausea.


Stress

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

The negative mental, emotional, and physical reactions that occur when environmental stressors are perceived as exceeding the individual's adaptive capacities.


Loneliness

Sadness resulting from being isolated or alone.


Pediatric Emergency Medicine - Emergency Medicine - Physicians


Hydrocodone

A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.


Oxycodone

A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine.  It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.


Laparoscopic appendectomy

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNG2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A protein cornichon homolog 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


An amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RGMA

A repulsive guidance molecule A that is encoded in the genome of human.


Drug Enforcement Agency

biolink:Agent biolink:AdministrativeEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity


breast

The upper ventral region of the torso of an organism.


melanoma

A malignant, usually aggressive tumor composed of atypical, neoplastic melanocytes. Most often, melanomas arise in the skin (cutaneous melanomas) and include the following histologic subtypes: superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma. Cutaneous melanomas may arise from acquired or congenital melanocytic or dysplastic nevi. Melanomas may also arise in other anatomic sites including the gastrointestinal system, eye, urinary tract, and reproductive system. Melanomas frequently metastasize to lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain.


neonatal abstinence syndrome

A constellation of neurobehavioral features observed in a neonate following antenatal exposure to drugs including opioids, benzodiazepines, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.


Widespread Chronic Pain

A condition in which the nerves register normal stimuli (lack of tissue injury) as pain, resulting in feelings of intense pain with even minor sensory input.


Patient Reported Outcome

biolink:Publication biolink:InformationContentEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity


Epidemic Disorder

The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time. (CDC)


benzodiazepine

A group of heterocyclic compounds with a core structure containing a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.


Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)


Fentanyl

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.


Alprazolam

A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.


Ethanol

A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.


Cocaine

A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.


Diazepam

A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.


substance abuse

The use of a drug for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed.


Psychiatric or mood diseases or conditions


mood disorder

A cognitive disorder a disturbance in which the person's mood is hypothesized to be the main underlying feature.


anxiety disorder

A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by anxious feelings or fear often accompanied by physical symptoms associated with anxiety.


endocarditis

Inflammation of the endocardium.


infective endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers (endocardium) and valves. This condition is sometimes called 'endocarditis,' although it is important to distinguish it from non-infective endocarditis. IE is caused bybacteria, fungi, or other germs invading the bloodstream and attaching to the heart. IE can damagethe heart and cause serious and sometimes fatal complications. It can develop quickly or slowly depending on what type of germ is causing it and whether there is an underlying heart problem. Common symptoms of IE are fever and other flu-like symptoms, but signs and symptoms can vary. It can also cause problems in many other parts of the body besides the heart. IE is typically treated with antibiotics for several weeks; some individuals may need heart surgery to repair or replace heart valves or remove infected heart tissue.


Amphetamine

A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.


mixed diacylamine

Any imide in which the acyl substituents are any two from carboacyl, sulfonyl and phosphoryl


Activated Charcoal

An allotropic form of the element carbon with cubic structure which is thermodynamically stable at pressures above 6 GPa at room temperature and metastable at atmospheric pressure. At low pressures diamond converts rapidly to graphite at temperatures above 1900 K in an inert atmosphere. The chemical bonding between the carbon atoms is covalent with sp(3) hybridization.


A protein that is a translation product of the human IL6 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Sodium nitroprusside

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of sodium nitroprusside.


disorder; mental, due to use of, amfetamine (or related substance)


diversion colitis

A colitis which can occur as a complication of ileostomy or colostomy.


Acetaminophen

A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.


Ibuprofen

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl group.


Astrocytes

A heterogeneous group of specialized neuroglial cells with many diverse supporting roles in the structure, function, and homeostasis of the central nervous system.


Oligodendroglia

A type of large glial cell located in the central nervous system that produces myelin as its main function.


white matter of cerebellum

Regional part of cerebellum consisting of the myelinated axons lying deep to the granule cell layer, excluding the deep cerebellar nuclei and the cerebellar peduncles.


Human Fetal Tissue

Any tissue from a human fetus.


Naltrexone

An  organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.


osteoarthritis, knee

Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)


Fractured vertebra

A partial or complete breakage of the vertebra.


Caudal injection of opioid, postoperative


fibromyalgia

A chronic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by pain, stiffness, and tenderness in the muscles of neck, shoulders, back, hips, arms, and legs. Other signs and symptoms include headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and painful menstruation.


opioid peptide activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.


COMT

A catechol O-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].


mu-type opioid receptor

An opioid receptor protein that is a translation product of the human OPRM1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligands are beta-endorphin and enkephalins.


peripheral nervous system

A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.


cortex

Outermost layer of an organ[WP].


Procedure related to surgical arteriovenous connection


Cancer Clinical and Economic Outcomes Shared Resource


Hepatobiliary neoplasms malignancy unspecified


tibial muscular dystrophy

A distal myopathy characterized by weakness of the muscles of the anterior compartment of lower limbs, appearing in the fourth to seventh decade of life.


secondary hyperparathyroidism

Overproduction of parathyroid hormone in response to influence external to the parathyroid glands.


Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Probe


Pimavanserin

A member of the class of ureas in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by 4-fluorobenzyl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, and 4-(isopropyloxy)benzyl groups. An atypical antipsychotic that is used (in the form of its tartrate salt) for treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease.


Lorcaserin

A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.


Drug declined by patient - patient beliefs


PROMIS item bank - pain interference - version 1.0


pain; thorax, thoracic, spine, with radicular and visceral pain


sensory neuron

Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses.


A proteinase-activated receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor MRG

A Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor that is a translation product of the human MAS1L gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Thermal burn

A burn injury caused by heat or fire.


NPPB

A natriuretic peptides B that is encoded in the genome of human.


An interleukin-31 receptor A that is encoded in the genome of human.


adenoma

A neoplasm arising from the epithelium. It may be encapsulated or non-encapsulated but non-invasive. The neoplastic epithelial cells may or may not display cellular atypia or dysplasia. In the gastrointestinal tract, when dysplasia becomes severe it is sometimes called carcinoma in situ. Representative examples are pituitary gland adenoma, follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland, and adenomas (or adenomatous polyps) of the gastrointestinal tract.


Reagents, Immunoassay, Drug-of-Abuse, Cannabinoid/Cannabinoid Metabolite


Cannabidiol

An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.


percutaneous fixation of supracondylar humeral fracture


Naloxone

A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.


amygdala

Subcortical brain region lying anterior to the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe and anterior to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in some species. It is usually subdivided into several groups. Functionally, it is not considered a unitary structure (MM).


Neonatal effect of maternal postpartum depression


Monitor parental health status and health maintenance activities


postnatal subventricular zone

A mitotically active layer of cells surrounding the brain ventricles in the adult that consists of migrating neuroblasts, astrocytes and transitory amplifying progenitor cells[MP].


poult enteritis mortality syndrome

An acute, transmissible, infectious disease associated with high mortality and morbidity in young turkeys (poults). It is characterized by diarrhea; anorexia; growth depression, and immune dysfunction. The cause is unknown but astroviruses (avastrovirus) and coronaviruses (coronavirus, turkey) have been isolated from diseased poults and are thought to cause the enteritis and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections.


Radiation Oncology Procedures: Computerized Planning


Orthocoronavirinae infectious disease

Infectious disease causes by viruses in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae (coronaviruses). In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), and others that can be lethal, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.


Gender

biolink:OrganismAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass


Past Seven Days Frequency of Pain in the Abdomen


extension

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The posterior elongated region of the yolk cell that forms during the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.


hemorrhoid

Dilated veins in the anal canal.


Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Benefits Plan


United States National Institutes of Health


Military Facilities

biolink:PhysicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis


Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System


Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program


post-traumatic stress disorder

An anxiety disorder precipitated by an experience of intense fear or horror while exposed to a traumatic (especially life-threatening) event. The disorder is characterized by intrusive recurring thoughts or images of the traumatic event; avoidance of anything associated with the event; a state of hyperarousal and diminished emotional responsiveness. These symptoms are present for at least one month and the disorder is usually long-term.


Disorders of musculoskeletal implants and repairs


A disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.


Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia


Patient Global Impression of Improvement score


biolink:ClinicalAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass


cerebellar vermis

A subregion of the cerebellar cortex, consisting of the most medial zone of the cerebellar cortex, stradding the midline. May be continuous with the lateral cerebellar hemispheres in some areas of the cerebellum, e.g., dorsally, or separated by deeper fissures in others (e.g., ventrally).


pons

The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, ventral to the cerebellum.


epoxide

Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.


Nociception

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


A proteinase-activated receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of rat.


A0A6B9HCL2_9BURK Lasso peptide peptide A (trembl)


5' Untranslated Region

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Sequences on the 5' end of messenger RNAs that are not translated into protein.  5'UTR extends from the transcription start site to just before the ATG translation initiation codon.  This region contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.


protein

An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof.


Signaling by CSF3 (G-CSF) (Canis familiaris)

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Medicare

biolink:Activity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Estimated Copy Number 95 Percent Confidence Interval


Military Service (group)

biolink:Cohort biolink:StudyPopulation biolink:PopulationOfIndividualOrganisms biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon


traumatic brain injury

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A brain disease that is characterized by brain dysfunction caused by an outside force, usually a violent blow to the head.


Agent Combination Not Indexed in Open Clinical Trials


Codeine

A  morphinane alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.


Counties of Republic of Ireland

biolink:GeographicLocation biolink:PlanetaryEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity


Initiative

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Hispanics

biolink:PopulationOfIndividualOrganisms biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Native American Healing

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Methamphetamine

A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.


Serotonin

A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine.


Cardiovascular

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Pertaining to the heart or blood vessels.


Visual Analog Scale

biolink:Publication biolink:InformationContentEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity


Injection, pasireotide long acting, 1 mg


Disorder caused by synthetic cannabinoid use


brachial nerve plexus

An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine where it proceeds through the neck then the axilla and into the arm where it innervates skin and muscle. [WP,modified].


Repair of musculotendinous cuff of shoulder


sciatic nerve

A large nerve that supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb.


Prescription opioids (fentanyl, oxycodone [OxyContin, Percocet], hydrocodone [Vicodin], methadone, buprenorphine, etc.)


Nicotine

A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.


Pain finding at anatomical site

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Department of Veterans Affairs provided non-veteran care

biolink:Agent biolink:AdministrativeEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity


Excessive acetaldehyde accumulation after alcohol consumption


Poisoning by hemostatic drug, accidental (unintentional)


Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of hallucinogens, other mental and behavioral disorders


Diseases and Syndromes of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems


Neonatal Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome

A constellation of neurobehavioral features observed in a neonate following cessation or reduction of postnatal exposure to opioids.


Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging


polysubstance drug use (indiscriminate drug use)


Reconstruction of head and neck using fasciocutaneous flap


reconstruction of breast with implant prosthesis


Acellular Dermal Matrix

An allograft composed of sterile, decellularized regenerative dermal tissue matrix with soft tissue reconstructive, regenerative and transplantation purposes. The acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is composed of the dermal layer and extracellular matrix of human or animal skin and in which the epidermal layer is removed, The ADM retains native growth factors, collagen and elastin. The ADM supports tissue expanders or implants for soft tissue reconstruction or to aid in wound healing, and allows for rapid cellular proliferation and infiltration, integration of mesenchymal cells into the matrix and re-vascularization. This facilitates surgical reconstruction and protects against wound exposure and wound infection.


inflammatory bowel disease

A spectrum of small and large bowel inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology. It includes Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and colitis of indeterminate type.


intestinal stem cell homeostasis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of intestinal stem cells within a population of cells.


transurethral destruction of prostatic tissue


Phenobarbital

A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.


cannabinoid receptor 1

A cannabinoid receptor that is a translation product of the human CNR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Preferred ligands are cannabinoids--molecules related to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive ingredient of cannabis. Endogenous cannabinoids serve as neurotransmitters. This receptor is expressed primarily in the brain.


2-glyceryl-Prostaglandin F2alpha

A 2-monoglyceride obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of prostaglandin F2alpha with the 2-hydroxy group of glycerol.


Aplastic bone marrow

Depletion of stem cells in the bone marrow that results in the lack of production of hematopoietic cells.


vertebral endplate

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Either of the the top and bottom portions of the vertebral bodies that interface with the vertebral discs. It is composed of a layer of thickened cancellous bone.


Degeneration of lumbosacral intervertebral disc


cortical layer II/III

A laminar subdivision of the neocortex that is comprised of a part of layer II and a part of layer III.


repair of retinal detachment patient to recovery alert, oriented, stable


FitBit

biolink:PhysicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


PROMIS-29 questionnaire sleep disturbance


Neurosphere

A spherical organoid comprised of neural progenitor cells grown in suspension culture in the presence of a combination of growth factors that promote the proliferation neural stem cell.


Subgroups for targeted treatment back screening tool


appendage musculature

Any collection of muscles that is part of an appendage.


chronic rhinitis

Chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity mucosa. It may lead to post-nasal drip resulting in chronic sore throat and chronic cough.


Bone Marrow, Vertebral

Bone marrow in a vertebral bone.


thigh muscle fat infiltration measurement"@e


Disc - Body Part

Any body structure resembling a flat circular plate.


erector spinae muscle group

A bundle of muscles and tendons that is paired and runs more or less vertically. It extends throughout the lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions, and lies in the groove to the side of the vertebral column.


psoas muscle

A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek 'psoa', the plural meaning 'muscles of the loin'. It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.


Pain intensity, Enjoyment of life, General activity scale:-:Pt:^Patient:-:Pain intensity, Enjoyment of life, General activity (PEG)

biolink:ClinicalAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass


response to host immune response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Birth history

Information about the delivery and health status at birth typically elicited as a part of the past medical history.


office-based treatment for opioid use disorder


intervention using behavioral activation


Interoceptive conditioning

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


respiratory system

Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration.


Interventions or enabling services provided


Monitor respiratory rate and rhythm (e.g., depth and symmetry)


infectious disease

A disorder directly resulting from the presence and activity of a microbial, viral, or parasitic agent in humans. It can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact.


Buprenorphine/naloxone, oral, greater than 10 mg buprenorphine


HOVENIA DULCIS WHOLE 19 g in 100 mL TOPICAL LIQUID [Reset U]


Care and examination of lactating mother


myeloid dendritic cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A dendritic cell of the myeloid lineage.


herpetic whitlow

A painful blister of the periungual skin that is caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2.


Ocular pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the eye.


Immune Cell

A cell in the immune system that is involved in host defense. This category may include lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and thrombocytes. Precursor cells in these lineages may also be included.


temporomandibular joint disorder

Any condition affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint.


chronic schizophreniform disorder with residual symptoms


myofascial pain syndrome

Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on trigger points, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome.


masseter muscle

Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by masseteric nerve branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), and attaches to mandible and zygomatic arch.


Nortriptyline

An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of  amitriptyline.


cornea

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure.


neurotrophic keratopathy

Neurotrophic keratopathy is a rare degenerative disease of the cornea characterized by reduction or loss of corneal sensitivity that can be asymptomatic or present with red-eye and, during the early stages of the disease, a minor decrease in visual acuity. It eventually leads to loss of vision.


ocular hypertension

Abnormally high intraocular pressure.


PhenX - physical, social, and mental health functioning - SF-36v2 protocol


disease

A disease is a disposition to undergo pathological processes that exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism.


Headache

Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.


Photosensitivity, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by an increase in sensitivity of the skin to light.


Insomnia, CTCAE 5.0

A disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and/or remaining asleep.


A lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.


influenza

An acute viral infection of the respiratory tract, occurring in isolated cases, in epidemics, or in pandemics; it is caused by serologically different strains of viruses (influenzaviruses) designated A, B, and C, has a 3-day incubation period, and usually lasts for 3 to 10 days. It is marked by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, pharynx, and conjunctiva; headache; myalgia; often fever, chills, and prostration; and occasionally involvement of the myocardium or central nervous system.


Anti-CD4 CAR T-cells

A preparation of T-lymphocytes that have been genetically modified and transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) CD4 and containing, as of yet undisclosed co-stimulatory signaling domains, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-CD4 CAR T-cells target and bind to CD4-expressing tumor cells, thereby inducing selective toxicity in CD4-expressing tumor cells. CD4 antigen is expressed in CD4-positive T cell lymphomas.


Carfentanil

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of methyl 4-anilino-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate with propanoic acid.


Fentanyl Citrate Pectin-Based Nasal Spray


Bone-marrow foam cells

The presence of foam cells in the bone marrow, generally demonstrated by bone-marrow aspiration or biopsy. Foam cells have a vacuolated appearance due to the presence of complex lipid deposits, giving them a foamy or soap-suds appearance.


protein SLC7A6OS

A protein that is a translation product of the human SLC7A6OS gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies


tetanus toxoid, aluminum hydrate adsorbed


diphtheria

A Gram-positive bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It usually involves the oral cavity, pharynx, and nasal cavity. Patients develop pseudomembranes in the affected areas and manifest signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. The diphtheria toxin may cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic effects.


DTaP-Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine


tetanus

A serious infectious disorder that follows wound contamination by the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium tetani. The bacteria produce a neurotoxin called tetanospasmin, which causes muscle spasm in the jaw and other anatomic sites.


sympathetic neuron

Sympathetic neurons are part of the sympathetic nervous system and are primarily adrenergic producing the neurotransmitter noradrenalin along with other neuropeptides.


Osteopathic manipulation, high velocity, low amplitude forces


Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Sensory or motor loss of peripheral nerve function due to a traumatic event. (ACC)


apolipoprotein A-I-binding protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human NAXE gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


lipid raft

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Microglia

A type of glial cell that mediates immune responses by clearing cellular debris and dead neurons from nervous tissue through phagocytosis.


TLR4-induced ripoptosome assembly (Mus musculus)

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


neuronitis

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


spinal cord injury

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).


Exercise

biolink:Activity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Pioglitazone

A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.


Azithromycin

A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.


Injury of lumbar spinal cord

An injury to the lumbar spinal cord.


Female Circumcision

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid subtype glutamate receptor, human


Hypersensitivity alveolitis in lungworm infection


polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15

A protein that is a translation product of the human ALOX15 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Methylglyoxal

A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.


A0A8F9SJ94_PROCL Transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 (trembl)


A0A164SC44_9CRUS Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (trembl)


A0A812CMJ1_SEPPH Glyoxalase domain-containing protein 4,Glyoxalase 1 (trembl)


Cholesterol

A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.


Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2


angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.


atherosclerosis

Build-up of fatty material and calcium deposition in the arterial wall resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the arterial lumen.


Chronic painful polyneuropathy following chemotherapy


acute lung injury

A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (pulmonary edema) rich in neutrophils, and in the absence of clinical heart failure. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).


type TG enteroendocrine cell

An enteroendocrine cell which produces a gastrin- and cholecystokinin-like peptide. The apical microvilli-rich plasma membrane is in open contact with the small intestine mucosa. This cell type is devoid of gastrin-17 but contains other fragments of the gastrin polypeptide.


nanoparticle

A nanosized spherical or capsule-shaped structure.


Endosomes

A membrane bound cytoplasmic compartment that drives molecular traffic between the plasma membrane and lysosome.


Aprepitant

A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.


central amygdaloid nucleus

The output region of the amygdala responsible for controlling responses (Phelps & LeDoux, 2005, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 16242399).


synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


parafascicular nucleus

Part of the posterior (caudal) intralaminar group of thalamic nuclei, located medial to the centromedian nucleus and ventral to the dorsomedial nuclei, that is associated with the limbic and associative striatum.


somatosensory cortex

Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving general sensations. It lies posterior to the central sulcus.


lipid

'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.


sphingolipid

Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone.


Indomethacin

A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.


NRCAM

A neuronal cell adhesion molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


A0A2J8QXV7_PANTR NRCAM isoform 10 (Fragment) (trembl)


CT guided injection of lumbar spinal nerve root


Gene analysis (MPL proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor) sequence analysis of exon 10


Compression of lymphedema using nonelastic compression device


A probable G-protein coupled receptor 160 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human CARTPT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A2Q4V1_MEDTR cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein (trembl)


H7BY40_HUMAN CGRP receptor component (trembl)


An NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


demyelination; neuropathic, chronic, progressive, segmentally


A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


Neural Pathways

The route in which a nerve impulse travels through a series of linked axons to connect different regions within the central nervous system or to convey information from the peripheral nervous system to the brain.


spinal cord

Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO).


Sucrose

A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose.


Meloxicam

A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.


opioid-induced sleep disorder during withdrawal


A methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


primary somatosensory cortex

(Chapin & Lin, 1984, rat): the region considered as the SI cortex is not a cytoarchitecturally homogeneous structure but consists instead of a patchwork array of areas containing dense aggregations of layer IV granule cells, surrounded by granule-cell-sparse regions. As was shown by Welker (b71,b76), and in our own mapping studies (see Fig. 3), this discontinuous pattern of granular, or koniocortical, zones contains within itself a map of the ratbs cutaneous periphery. There are clear subtypes within this cytoarchitectural subregion, notably including the bgranular aggregateb type of cytoarchitecture characteristic of the paw, limb, and mystacial vibrissae areas, and the bbarrel-fieldb type (originally described by Woolsey and Van der Loos, b70) seen in the nose and perioral regions. In the mouse, but not the rat, such barrels also cover the whole whisker representation (Welker and Woolsey, b74).


p65 oncofetal mRNA transport protein, rat


glial fibrillary acidic protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human GFAP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Anterior Cingulate Cortex

The front region of the cingulate cortex that is located in the medial frontal lobe, adjacent to the corpus callosum. The anterior cingulate functions in decision making and in the regulation of emotions and physiological processes like blood pressure and heart rate.


complex regional pain syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a rare neurologic disease painful progressive condition that corresponds to a group of disorders characterized by a disproportionate spontaneous or stimulus-induced pain, accompanied by a variably mixed myriad of autonomic and motor disorders including symptoms such as swelling, allodynia, skin blood supply and trophic disturbances. CRPS most often affects one of the arms, legs, hands, or feet and usually occurs after an injury or trauma to that limb.


IgM IgM | Serum or Plasma | Chemistry - non-challenge


T Follicular Helper Cells

A subtype of antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells that are primarily found within B cell follicles near the periphery of secondary lymphoid organs and are involved in the formation and maintenance of germinal centers. These cells express CXCR5 and CD40L and secrete IL-21 and IL-4.


Cells.CD8.PMA+ionomycin stimulated CD107a+b expressing


Fractured tibia

A partial or complete breakage of the tibia.


Ketamine

A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.


neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 4

Mitochondrial membrane protein-sssociated neurodegeneration (MPAN), also known as neurogeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) due to C19orf12 mutations, is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by iron accumulation in specific regions of the brain, usually the basal ganglia, and associated with slowly progressive pyramidal (spasticity) and extrapyramidal (dystonia) signs, motor axonal neuropathy, optic atrophy, cognitive decline, and neuropsychiatric abnormalities.


somite rostral/caudal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the rostro-caudal axis of a somite, prior to the morphological formation of a somite boundary.


transient receptor potential cation channel TRPA

A transient receptor potential channel protein that is a member of the subfamily A of the transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPs), with amino- and carboxyl-terminal intracellular domains separated by a domain (common with other ion channels) containing six transmembrane helices (S1-S6) in which the last two helices (S5 and S6) flank a loop, called the pore loop, which determines ion selectivity. The amino-terminal domain contains 14-16 copies of Ankyrin repeat (Pfam:PF00023). Most TRPs are relatively non-selective. They may be modulated by voltage changes but channel gating is generally effected by other means.


synaptophysin

A protein that is a translation product of the human SYP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Glutamate

An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group


Interneurons

A type of neuron in the central nervous system that conducts impulses between other neurons.


Histamine

A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted at position C-4 by a 2-aminoethyl group.


bone tissue

Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.


Gabapentin

A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.


Ketorolac

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.


Cells

The smallest units of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid.


Neuropathic Pain

Chronic pain caused by damage to nerve fibers.  It is usually associated with tissue injury.


legumain

A protein that is a translation product of the human LGMN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


canine oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma that occurs in a dog.


A0A0U5HZT6_9PROT Putative Adenylyl cyclase (Adenylyl cyclase class-3/4/guanylyl cyclase,166-326) (trembl)


A C-C chemokine receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


radiculopathy

Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see spinal nerve roots) which may result from compression related to intervertebral disk displacement; spinal cord injuries; spinal diseases; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.


A CX3C chemokine receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


glial cell

A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons.


rodent disease

Diseases of rodents of the order rodentia. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).


Humans Mates

biolink:Cohort biolink:StudyPopulation biolink:PopulationOfIndividualOrganisms biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon


cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1, rat


A0A5C3FVI3_PSEA2 Related to SNX41 - sorting nexin, mediate distinct retrieval pathways from endosomes (trembl)


Mesenchymal Stem Cells

An undifferentiated stromal cell with the ability to develop into the cells that form distinct mesenchymal tissues; such as bone, muscle, connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue.


IL-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor, IL-TIF


peripheral sensory neuron

Peripheral sensory neuron.


RNA methylation

Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor.


processes downstream of sex determination signal

The sex determination processes that take place after the initial transmission of the sexual phenotype to specific information pathways.


T

A T-box transcription factor T that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


numb

A protein numb that is encoded in the genome of fruit fly.


NEDD4-binding protein 2

A protein that is a translation product of the human N4BP2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Isosakuranetin

A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).


Primidone

A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an  anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.


trigeminal sensory nucleus

The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): * The mesencephalic nucleus * The chief sensory nucleus (or pontine nucleus or main sensory nucleus or primary nucleus) * The spinal trigeminal nucleus[WP].


B cell

A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B cell mediated immunity.


germinal center

A collection of activated B cells at the center of a secondary follicle, formed after B cells become activated and migrate to the center.


Lymphadenopathy

Enlargment (swelling) of a lymph node.


Neuropathies and neuromyelopathies associated with systemic disorder


brainstem

Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized].


Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

A heterogeneous, non-hematopoietic fibroblast-like cell with the potential for differentiating into connective tissue cells of multiple lineages.  It plays a significant role in tissue repair and regeneration, and interacts with immune cells to downregulate the immune response and enable immunosuppression via the induction of tolerance.


Dimethyl Fumarate

An enoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of fumaric acid with methanol. Used for treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis.


antioxidant

A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.


lumbar dorsal root ganglion

The group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the lumbar vertebrae.


CARTPT

A cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein


tissue-resident macrophage

A macrophage constitutively resident in a particular tissue under non-inflammatory conditions, and capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells.


lung carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the lung


A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPA1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SMP protein, Schwann cell, Coturnix coturnix


colitis

Inflammation of the colon.


Sympathectomy

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


A phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


An ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


endocrine gland

Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified].


pancreas

An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones[GO].


Meclofenamic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.


A Toll-like receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Mitochondria

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Mitochondria contain distinctive ribosomes, transfer RNAs, amino acyl t-RNA synthetases, and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus for many essential messenger RNAs. Mitochondria consist of two sets of membranes, a smooth continuous outer coat and an inner membrane arranged in tubules or more often in folds that form platelike double membranes (cristae). Mitochondria are the principal energy source of the cell and contains the cytochrome enzymes of terminal electron transport and the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP.


Degeneration and fibrosis of muscularis propria of small bowel


neurodegenerative disease

A disorder of the central nervous system characterized by gradual and progressive loss of neural tissue and neurologic function.


A0A0D3MTH6_ONCMY Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (trembl)


Norwegian scabies

A rare, severe form of scabies that is associated with immunosuppression. It is characterized by an immense number of mites and hyperkeratotic crusted lesions, and is usually accompanied by lymphadenopathy and eosinophilia.


vertebral artery

The first branch of the left and right subclavian arteries that merge to form the single midline basilar artery; branches of the vertebral arteries supply the musculature of the neck.


Sensory nerve

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Pirt

A phosphoinositide-interacting protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


A homeobox protein Hox-A7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A cytochrome P450 2F2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TG

A thyroglobulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


Gh

A somatotropin that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the oral cavity. It affects predominantly adults in their fifth and sixth decades of life and is associated with alcohol and tobacco use. Human papillomavirus is present in approximately half of the cases. It is characterized by a tendency to metastasize early to the lymph nodes. When the tumor is small, patients are often asymptomatic. Physical examination may reveal erythematous or white lesions or plaques. The majority of patients present with signs and symptoms of locally advanced disease including mucosal ulceration, pain, difficulty with speaking, chewing, and swallowing, bleeding, weight loss, and neck swelling. Patients may also present with swollen neck lymph nodes without any symptoms from the oropharyngeal tumor. The most significant prognostic factors are the size of the tumor and the lymph nodes status.


carcinoma

A malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells. Carcinomas that arise from glandular epithelium are called adenocarcinomas, those that arise from squamous epithelium are called squamous cell carcinomas, and those that arise from transitional epithelium are called transitional cell carcinomas. Morphologically, the malignant epithelial cells may display abnormal mitotic figures, anaplasia, and necrosis. Carcinomas are graded by the degree of cellular differentiation as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Carcinomas invade the surrounding tissues and tend to metastasize to other anatomic sites. Lung carcinoma, skin carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma are the most frequently seen carcinomas.


cystatin-C

A protein that is a translation product of the human CST3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


CTSS

A cathepsin S that is encoded in the genome of human.


endocytosis

A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a part of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.


sex

biolink:OrganismAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass


Oxidopamine

A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).


popliteal lymph node

The lymph nodes which drain the legs; contained in the popliteal fossa.


Norepinephrine

The R-enantiomer of noradrenaline.


A protein that is a translation product of the ubc9 gene in Dictyostelium discoideum.


A0A1V9YAZ7_9STRA Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) (trembl)


exocytosis

A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.


transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1


Nitroglycerin

A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.


Nerve injury

Injury to nervous tissue.


Voltage-gated calcium channel N type binding Ab


neurotensin receptor type 2

A neurotensin receptor that is a translation product of the human NTSR2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. This receptor has a low affinity for neurotensin compared with neurotensin receptor 1 and neurotensin binding is selectively blocked by levocabastine.


A0A8G0LMA4_9HYPO PTH11-type GPCRs protein (trembl)


Q6T5I5_HELPX Proinflammatory outer membrane protein (Fragment) (trembl)


A protein that is a translation product of the human DNM2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A receptor activity-modifying protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Schwann Cells

A supporting cell of the peripheral nervous system that aids the growth, development, function, maintenance and repair of peripheral nerves. Myelinating Schwann cells form the myelin sheath around large diameter axons while non-myelinating Schwann cells bundle together portions of several unmyelinated smaller diameter axons and may also play a role in the formation and maintenance of synaptic connections in the neuromuscular junction.


Periorbital Infection

An infectious process affecting the tissues around the orbit.


IL-13 receptor alpha2-Fc fusion protein, Canis familiaris


Oxytocin

A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.


oxytocin-neurophysin 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human OXT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


otologic analgesic and anesthetic combinations


Ritanserin

A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.


Q9GK72_LEMCA FK506-binding immunophilin FKBP51 (Fragment) (trembl)


Prolonged post-traumatic stress disorder


A peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A0A0S3QR29_LABRO Iron/manganese superoxide dismutases (Fragment) (trembl)


nitrotyrosine

A tyrosine derivative that is tyrosine substituted by a nitro group at unspecified position. A "closed" class.


cerebellum

Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA].


cerebellar nuclear complex

The gray matter nuclei located in the center of the cerebellum, embedded in the white matter, which receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber pathways; all output fibers of the cerebellum originate from the these nuclei[MP].


An RNA polymerase-associated protein CTR9 that is encoded in the genome of worm.


cholecystokinin

A protein that is a translation product of the human CCK gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A protein that is a translation product of the human IL18 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


interleukin-18 receptor 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human IL18R1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


interstitial cystitis

A rare chronic debilitating urogenital disease characterized by urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain.


overactive bladder

Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. urinary incontinence may or may not be present.


A G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


tumor necrosis factor

A tumor necrosis factor, TNF-like that is a translation product of the human TNF gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that mediates apoptosis, cell proliferation, immunomodulation, inflammation, viral replication, allergy, arthritis, septic shock, insulin resistance, autoimmune diseases, and other pathological conditions. TNF transduces these cellular responses through two distinct receptors: type I, which are expressed on all cell types, and type II, which are expressed only on cells of the immune system and endothelial cells.


Propranolol

A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.


Guanethidine

A member of the class of  guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.


An ETS-related transcription factor Elf-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Fus

An RNA-binding protein FUS that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


spastic cerebral palsy

A form of cerebral palsy wherein spasticity is the exclusive impairment present.


brain hypoxia-Ischemia

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


peptidergic neuron

A neuron that uses neuropeptides as transmitters.


sensory neuron of spinal nerve

A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord.


descending colon

The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon.


A protein that is a translation product of the jnk-1 gene in worm.


Homeostasis

biolink:Phenomenon biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Population of all cells positive for progesterone receptor in portion of fluid


A neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


An AAK1 gene translation product (human), isoforms h1 and h2.


Smartphone Application

biolink:Publication biolink:InformationContentEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity


disease (or disorder); sickle-cell, spherocytosis


Hydromorphone

A  morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.


A mu-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


opiate dependence

Disorders related or resulting from abuse or mis-use of opioids.


morphine / naltrexone Extended Release Oral Capsule


Carbon Monoxide

A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.


Women, Working

biolink:PopulationOfIndividualOrganisms biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Models, Human Anatomy

biolink:PhysicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Irritability

A proneness to anger, i.e., a condition of being easily bothered or annoyed.


Panic

A sudden and overwhelming sense of fear characterized by the inability to function as normal.


insomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and/or remaining asleep.


Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms


electronic health record - ActClassContainer


addiction treatment center

biolink:Agent biolink:AdministrativeEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity


Naltrexone and Bupropion Hydrochlorides Extended-Release Tablets


ALCOHOL AND/OR DRUG SERVICES; ACUTE DETOXIFICATION (HOSPITAL INPATIENT)


cabotegravir extended-release injectable suspension


Naltrexone Hydrochloride 4.5 MG Oral Capsule


Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act


Intense psychological distress to cues

Intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event or events.


Craving

The desire to experience the effect(s) of a previously used psycho-active substance. It has to be noted that not all drug craving is based on withdrawal, since craving can often occur in the absence of withdrawal.


National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group


cannabis use with other cannabis-induced mental and behavioral disorders


Physician providing a service in a dental health professional shortage area for the purpose of an electronic health record incentive payment


DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder documented


asthma

A bronchial disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors resulting in recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing), chest tightness, shortness of breath, mucus production and coughing. The symptoms appear due to a variety of triggers such as allergens, irritants, respiratory infections, weather changes, exercise, stress, reflux disease, medications, foods and emotional anxiety.


chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A chronic and progressive lung disorder characterized by the loss of elasticity of the bronchial tree and the air sacs, destruction of the air sacs wall, thickening of the bronchial wall, and mucous accumulation in the bronchial tree. The pathologic changes result in the disruption of the air flow in the bronchial airways. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing, productive cough, and chest tightness. The two main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema.


interventional services emergency department


Non-Hematologic Malignancy

A malignant neoplasm that arises from a site other than the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue.


aspirin received within 24 hours before emergency department arrival or during emergency department stay


Assess usual sleeping habits or patterns at home or during previous hospitalizations.


Clinical Trials Information for Patients


New Hampshire

biolink:GeographicLocation biolink:PlanetaryEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity


Chronic pain following surgical procedure for cancer


United States Food and Drug Administration


major depressive disorder

An episode of depression lasting two or more weeks without an intervening episode of mania.


outcomes orthopedics limb integrity good


Human immunodeficiency virus leukoencephalopathy


EPIC-CP - Overall Problem Urinary Function


Benzoylecgonine

A  benzoate ester metabolite of cocaine formed by hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, catalysed by carboxylesterases.


hepatitis

An active inflammatory process affecting the liver for more than six months. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune disorders, drugs, and metabolic disorders.


buprenorphine / naloxone Sublingual Tablet


work restrictions no protective suit use


hospital discharge orders routine equipment charge


tramadol, dexketoprofen drug combination


keratolytic winter erythema

Keratolytic winter erythema is a rare epidermal disease, characterized by recurrent centrifugal palmoplantar peeling and erythema presenting seasonal variation (cold weather). Skin lesions may spread to the dorsum of hands and feet and to the interdigital spaces. Lower legs, knees and thighs may also be involved. Episodes may be preceded by itch and hyperhidrosis. Skin biopsy reveals an epidermal spongiosis with clefting in the stratum corneum, followed by regrowth. Keratolytic winter erythema follows an autosomal dominant mode of transmission.


Olanzapine

A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.


Bupropion

An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.


Atomoxetine hydrochloride

The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.


BDNF

A brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


A cytochrome P450 2D6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A delta-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


A kappa-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


POMC

A pro-opiomelanocortin that is encoded in the genome of human.


A sodium-dependent serotonin transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels (Caenorhabditis elegans)


Malaise with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)


hyperhidrosis palmaris ET plantaris

An abnormally increased perspiration on palms and soles.


anorexia nervosa

A disorder most often seen in adolescent females characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, a disturbance in body image, and, in postmenarcheal females, the development of amenorrhea.


Perioperative nursing data set outcomes panel


buprenorphine 2 MG / naloxone 0.5 MG Sublingual Tablet [Suboxone]


National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey


Buprenorphine 0.3 MG/ML Injection includes Cartridge


Drug Overdose

Exposure to, or intake of, an excessive amount of a substance.


Electronic health record implementation stage


GADOBUTROL 604.72 mg in 1 mL INTRAVENOUS INJECTION [Gadavist]


Sustained Virologic Response

A finding of aviremia at a predetermined time point after the end of planned or actual treatment.


bipolar disorder

A disorder of the brain that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Often these moods range and shift from periods of elation and energized behavior to those of hopelessness and depression.


PhenX measure - posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)


disability or chronic disease leading to disablement


Poisoning caused by opioid receptor agonist


disease (or disorder); liver, toxic, with veno-occlusive disease of liver


heart

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ.


blood

A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes.


opioid abuse

A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of opioid drugs despite negative consequences.


Dopaminergic Neurons

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A nerve cell that employs dopamine as its neurotransmitter.


Resting State Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging


Sedation complication

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ThingWithTaxon


memory

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).


N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist [EPC]


epoxy fatty acid

A heterocyclic fatty acid containing an epoxide ring as part of its structure.


5,15-disubstituted porphyrin

A porphyrin compound substituted on opposing methine groups of the porphyrin ring.


Q716A7_HUMAN Mu opioid receptor MOR-1O (Fragment) (trembl)


Exon

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The sequences of a gene that are present in the final, mature, spliced messenger RNA molecule from that gene.


analgesic

An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.


Cancer patients and suicide and depression


poisoning by fentanyl or fentanyl analogs, intentional self-harm


Saccharin

A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.


nucleus accumbens

A region of the brain consisting of a collection of neurons located in the forebrain ventral to the caudate and putamen. (caudoputamen in rodent) and continuous with these structures. There is no distinct boundary between the nucleus accumbens and the caudate/putamen, but in rodents, it can be identified by its lack of traversing fiber bundles in comparison to the dorsal striatum. Its principle neuron is the medium spiny neuron. Together with the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the nucleus accumbens forms the striatum.


monkey disease

Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= ape diseases).


Group A carbohydrate

A polysaccharide composed of a [3)-alpha-Rhap-(1->2)-alpha-Rhap-(1->]n rhamnose polysaccharide backbone with a beta-D-GlcpNAc side-chain modification on every alpha-1,2-linked rhamnose. A bacterial peptidoglycan-anchored surface rhamnose polysaccharide that is essential for growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and contributes to its ability to infect the human host.


Telehealth

biolink:Activity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


KLKB1_RAT Plasma kallikrein (sprot)

A plasma kallikrein that is encoded in the genome of rat.


Alkaloids, excl. rauwolfia, antihypertensives


oxindoles

Any member of the class of indolones whose structure is based on an oxindole (2-indolone) skeleton.


Psychostimulants in combination with psycholeptics