UMLS:C0242402

The study investigates the risk factors associated with opioid misuse among adolescents who received opioid prescriptions for acute pain treatment in pediatric ambulatory care settings. The study found that 90% of the adolescents reported two or more risks for future opioid misuse, with pain catastrophizing and alcohol use being the most common risk factors. Parental factors such as a history of chronic pain and anxiety were also identified as risk factors. The study also found that 71% of parents reported keeping opioids at home, which is a potential risk factor for future misuse.


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C3178745


HP:0012532


EFO:0005230


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study reviews state laws that mandate or recommend healthcare providers to prescribe naloxone to patients at high risk of opioid overdose. As of September 2019, 17 states had enacted naloxone co-prescribing laws. Over half of these states mandate that providers prescribe naloxone if patient overdose risk criteria are met. Most states define patient overdose risk based on opioid dosages prescribed, concomitant opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions, and patient history of substance use disorder or mental illness. The study suggests that naloxone prescribing requirements could increase naloxone prescribed, destigmatize naloxone use, and reduce overdose harms.


CHEBI:22720


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


UMLS:C0242402

The study investigates the relationship between the medical supply of opioids and drug overdoses, using Medicare Part D as a reference. The findings suggest that a 10% increase in the medical supply of opioids leads to a 7.1% increase in opioid-related deaths among the Medicare-ineligible population. This implies a significant diversion from medical markets.


UMLS:C0919045

The study used a comprehensive Massachusetts database to analyze the movement of people with opioid use disorder (OUD) through inpatient care from 2013 to 2015. It was found that 61% of inpatient detoxification admissions resulted in a subsequent inpatient detoxification admission without progressing to further inpatient care. The risk of opioid-related overdose was greatest for persons exiting treatment after detoxification (17.3 per 100 person-years) compared to those who exited after subsequent inpatient care (5.9 to 6.6 overdoses per 100 person-years). Non-Hispanic whites were most at risk for opioid-related overdose, while non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest risk. The study suggests that inpatient detoxification might be more effective as a venue for implementing strategies to expand addiction services or treatment such as medications for opioid use disorder.


UMLS:C4545170


UMLS:C1518424


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper reviews the separation of research on treatment for opioid use in pregnant women and preventive interventions for postpartum psychopathology, despite their significant overlap. It suggests that best practice guidelines for pregnant women with opioid use disorder include medication-assisted treatment and comprehensive care, including behavioral and mental health interventions. The paper argues for the integration of research on opioid use in pregnant women and preventive perinatal mental health interventions to better address the opioid epidemic in this population.


UMLS:C4704949


UMLS:C1272285


UMLS:C0600620

The study surveyed hospitalists in the United States to understand their attitudes, beliefs, and practices regarding opioid use disorder (OUD) care. It was found that 67.9% of the respondents had access to addiction specialists. However, a significant number of hospitalists rarely or never screened for OUD, prescribed naloxone, or initiated buprenorphine. The study concluded that access to addiction specialists could increase the provision of OUD-related care by hospitalists.


UMLS:C0600620


UMLS:C4054955


UMLS:C0376695

The study investigates the long-term effects of physical victimization during adolescence on substance use disorders in adulthood. The data was obtained from the Monitoring the Future Study, which included both men and women who were surveyed from age 18 to 30, and again at 35. The study found that adolescents who were threatened with or experienced physical violence had more symptoms of alcohol use at age 35 than those who were not victimized. However, when victimization during young adulthood was accounted for, only victimization during this period was associated with alcohol use symptoms at age 35. The effects of young adult victimization were stronger for women. Victimization was mostly unrelated to cannabis use symptoms at age 35.


UMLS:C0680085

Physical victimization in young adulthood


UMLS:C0376695

has no significant effect on symptoms of use at age 35


UMLS:C0678449

The study found that cannabis and tobacco use in early adolescence are associated with opioid use in young adulthood. The research was conducted over a 12-year period on a cohort of adolescents from urban elementary schools in Baltimore, MD, United States. The study found significant positive associations between the frequency of cannabis or tobacco use at age 14 and the frequency of opioid use at age 19.


MESH:D062789


CHEBI:30879

The study examined adolescent factors related to alcohol and marijuana use that are associated with a higher or lower risk for opioid misuse during emerging adulthood. The study found that positive expectancies, peer approval, and older sibling use predicted a higher probability of opioid misuse. However, most adolescent factors were no longer associated with subsequent opioid misuse after adjusting for history of other substance use.


UMLS:C0813973


NCBITaxon:3482

The study investigates the association between cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood and opioid misuse in a primarily urban Black cohort. Four cannabis use trajectories were identified: Low/Non-Users, Adolescent Onset Limited, Young Adult Onset, and Adolescent Onset Chronic. The study found that Adolescent Onset Chronic cannabis users had the highest rate of opioid misuse, followed by Adolescent Onset Limited, Young Adult Onset, and Low/Non-Users. The prevalence was significantly higher for Adolescent Onset groups relative to Low/Non-Users even after adjusting for individual, neighborhood, and peer factors.


UMLS:C0376695

The study found that verbal aggression victimization, such as homophobic name-calling, is linked to heavier substance use among young adults. The research identified four victimization classes (high victimization, homophobic name-calling only, verbal sexual harassment only, and low victimization) and three substance use classes (poly-substance use, alcohol and cannabis only, low all). The high victimization and homophobic name-calling only classes had the highest probabilities of transitioning into the poly-substance use class. Greater depressive symptoms increased the odds of transitioning into the poly-substance use and alcohol and cannabis only classes for the high victimization class, and for the homophobic name-calling only class.


UMLS:C5707982


UMLS:C0376695


UMLS:C0086132


UMLS:C5425812

The study examined the prevalence and correlates of medical use and misuse of prescription opioids among US 12th-grade students. The past-year prevalence of prescription opioid misuse was 7.6% and ranged from 0% to 73% across US high schools. Lifetime medical use of prescription opioids was 16.9% and ranged from 0% to 85% across US high schools. The odds of prescription opioid misuse were higher at schools with higher proportions of male students, more white students, higher rates of marijuana use, and more medical use of prescription opioids. The association between greater school-level medical use of prescription opioids and higher prevalence of prescription opioid misuse, although declining, indicates a key risk factor to target for prevention efforts.


UMLS:C5425812


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study examined opioid use in adolescents aged 14-18 years who were prescribed these medications for acute noncancer pain in pediatric outpatient medical settings. It was found that the majority of the youth filled the opioid prescription and the frequency of use varied widely. No gender differences were observed in the percentage of opioid use days, despite females reporting higher pain and mood symptoms. Greater pain experiences and the number of pills prescribed were positively associated with opioid use. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with greater opioid use, while higher daily reports of worried or scared affect were associated with lower opioid use.


EFO:0003843


UMLS:C0233481


UMLS:C5425812

The study examined the relationship between prescription opioid use and misuse during adolescence and subsequent heroin use in adulthood. The study found that adolescents who reported nonmedical prescription opioid misuse followed by medical use or nonmedical misuse only had a higher likelihood of any heroin use in adulthood than those with no lifetime exposure to prescription opioids. Furthermore, more recent cohorts of adolescents who reported nonmedical misuse or medical use only had a higher likelihood of any heroin use in adulthood relative to older cohorts. Nearly one in three adolescents in recent cohorts who reported nonmedical prescription opioid misuse transitioned to any heroin use.


UMLS:C0001588


MONDO:0100096

The paper discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the treatment of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and the availability of parenting resources for people with SUDs. The transition to mobile technology for SUD treatment due to physical distancing during the pandemic has potentially limited the availability of parenting resources. The paper suggests that the rapid integration of parenting supports into telehealth and web-based treatment delivery is essential for improving long-term outcomes for families affected by substance use.


UMLS:C3273177


UMLS:C0518120

Telehealth and web-based treatment delivery

needs integration into for improving SUD treatment outcomes


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates the impact of opioid misuse during late adolescence (ages 18-20) on risk behaviors, health, social functioning, and emerging adult roles at age 21-22. The research found that adolescents who reported opioid misuse at age 18 were more likely to experience negative consequences from alcohol and cannabis use, engage in sexual risk behaviors, report delinquent behavior, and have a higher likelihood of experiencing sexual victimization and engaging in sexual perpetration at age 21-22. However, opioid misuse was not associated with depression, anxiety, physical health or ailments, satisfaction with friends, romantic relationship functioning, or emerging adult roles.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10836

The study examined the co-use of methamphetamine and opioids among people in treatment in Oregon. Initial urinalysis of 102 specimens showed that 61% contained methamphetamine, with non-fentanyl opioids being three times as common in methamphetamine positive specimens. The study found three main factors impacting co-use: stigma regarding methamphetamine use, community-level factors and temporality, and patient rationales for co-use, such as mitigating the harms of heroin or managing its effects. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the expertise of people who co-use opioids and methamphetamine in future program planning.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


UMLS:C0006019

The study investigates the relationship between boredom, sensation seeking, and their interaction with substance use, externalizing behavior, and depressive affect in adolescents. The research found that both boredom and sensation seeking were significantly associated with most dependent variables. Significant interaction effects were observed where individuals high on both boredom and sensation seeking reported the highest levels of depressive affect and externalizing behavior. No significant interaction effects were found for substance use. Gender moderation was found for depressive affect. The study suggests that prevention efforts that attend to both boredom and sensation seeking may be effective for promoting mental health and preventing externalizing behavior.


UMLS:C0871336


UMLS:C0006019


UMLS:C0079399


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:9887568

The study assessed the impact of the Opioid Reduction Act (SB 273) in West Virginia, which limited the supply of chronic and first-time opioid prescriptions. Data from the state Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) was analyzed, including the number of opioid prescriptions, first-time opioid prescriptions, average daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME), and prescription duration. The results showed a significant decrease in overall state opioid prescribing and a small change in average daily MME associated with the date of the legislation's enactment. However, there was no association found with first-time opioid prescriptions or days' supply of opioid medication.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:9887568


UMLS:C0154588

The study found that among youth aged 11 to 25 years who were prescribed an initial opioid, 0.3% developed an opioid use disorder or experienced an overdose within the following year. Factors associated with increased risk included mood/anxiety disorders, substance use, and prescriptions involving long-acting opioids or long durations. Comorbid substance use disorders were present in 72.8% of youth experiencing an opioid-related complication, including alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and other substance use disorders.


UMLS:C0150359


UMLS:C0309728


UMLS:C2350518

The study investigates the impact of electronic prescribing mandates for controlled substances on opioid supply and opioid-related overdoses. The mandates, which require controlled substances to be prescribed electronically directly to the pharmacy, were first enforced in New York in March 2016. The study found that the mandate reduced the rate of overdoses involving natural and semi-synthetic opioids by 22%. However, there was little evidence of any corresponding changes in overdose rates involving illicit opioids.


UMLS:C2350518


UMLS:C3653564

The study investigates the relationship between retention in outpatient substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and pharmacotherapy for comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study found that ADHD was diagnosed in 9.4% of outpatients and was associated with younger age, comorbid cocaine use, and private insurance. Individuals not receiving ADHD pharmacotherapy were younger than those receiving medication. ADHD pharmacotherapy was associated with greater long-term retention in SUD treatment, with those not receiving ADHD medication having a 4.9-fold increased likelihood of attrition within 90 days. The study concludes that ADHD pharmacotherapy is robustly associated with improved short- and longer-term retention in outpatient SUD treatment.


UMLS:C2231354


UMLS:C3653564


UMLS:C0870424

Office-based buprenorphine treatment (OBBT)

The study reviews state laws in the US regarding office-based buprenorphine treatment (OBBT) for opioid use disorder (OUD). Since 2005, 10 states have passed 181 OBBT laws. The laws cover various aspects such as provider credentials, patient symptoms, patient education, counseling, patient monitoring, clinician monitoring, and patient safety. Some of these laws codify practices that lack scientific consensus. The results could serve as a basis for a typology of office-based treatment laws, which could facilitate empirical examination of policy impacts on treatment access and quality.


UMLS:C0870424


MONDO:0100096

The study examined the use of buprenorphine, a medication used to treat opioid use disorder, among adults with employer-based insurance during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research found that the weekly use of buprenorphine remained relatively stable from January to August 2020. The study did not find any consistent change in the use of buprenorphine based on county-level measures of COVID-19 case rate, fatal drug overdose rate, and racial composition. However, use was consistently higher in counties with the highest fatal drug overdose rates.


UMLS:C3532622


HP:0012532

The study investigates the prevalence of chronic pain among veterans and non-veterans, and the use of cannabis as a treatment. The data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III was analyzed. The results showed that chronic pain was more prevalent among veterans. Among veterans, frequent cannabis use was more common among those with pain, especially in states with medical cannabis laws. However, the study did not find evidence to support the hypothesis that cannabis use improves mental or physical health for veterans with pain.


UMLS:C0678449


UMLS:C5688748

The systematic review examined the relationship between social connection and opioid misuse. The study found that social connection is an important correlate of opioid misuse, with both positive and negative associations. However, due to the high risk of bias and variability among research studies, there is a need for standardization of measurement and larger studies with diverse populations. The evidence regarding the associations between social connection and opioid misuse or disorder is sparse.


UMLS:C4296616

The study investigates the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and patterns of substance use during young adulthood. The study found that individuals who reported ACEs had a higher proportion of polysubstance use, including opioids and prescription medications, and were less likely to transition out of a riskier class. The study also found that mental health status and biological sex influenced these patterns.


UMLS:C4296616


UMLS:C0025353


UMLS:C1997315


UMLS:C5549831

The study investigates the effectiveness of the Families Actively Improving Relationships (FAIR) program in treating families involved in the child welfare system with parental substance abuse, specifically opioid and methamphetamine abuse. The FAIR program integrates substance abuse and mental health treatment, parent skills training, and supportive case management. The study found significant reductions in parental opioid and methamphetamine use, mental health symptoms, and parenting risk, and improvements in stability in parents receiving FAIR. However, providing services to families who require travel in excess of 20 miles for sessions has challenging implications for program costs under a Medicaid structure.


UMLS:C5549831


UMLS:C4272615

The National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS) was established to identify and monitor emerging drugs in the United States. However, the rapid development of novel psychoactive substances has complicated this task. The Drug Outbreak Testing Service (DOTS) study tested the feasibility of recruiting organizations to submit urine specimens for testing for approximately 240 drugs, at no cost to them. The results showed extensive polydrug use and geographic differences in the drugs detected. All sites found the DOTS collaborating laboratory's test results to be very useful for understanding the types of drugs being used recently and to assess the adequacy of their testing protocols.


UMLS:C1710061


UMLS:C0516126


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper discusses the development of an online version of the Family Check-Up (FCU), a program designed to enhance parenting skills and prevent substance use, specifically targeting families with opioid use histories. The online platform and telehealth model allow for wide-scale dissemination, especially in remote, rural areas where addiction rates are high but services are limited. The FCU Online includes new modules focusing on harm reduction for parents with substance abuse histories, including opioid use.


UMLS:C4279989

The study investigated the relationship between different types of victimization and opioid use in late adolescence and young adulthood. The study identified four classes of victimization and trauma-related characteristics: sexual abuse and indirect violence with high trauma characteristics, high all with high trauma characteristics, chronic emotional abuse with a trusted perpetrator, and low all. The study found that sexual/gender minority status, sex assigned at birth, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status influenced the risk of class membership. The study also found that all classes had a shorter latency to opioid use compared to the low all class. Self-efficacy and neighborhood cohesion were identified as protective factors that decrease the risk of opioid use.


UMLS:C4019317


UMLS:C5450305


UMLS:C0086996


UMLS:C0680038


UMLS:C0600564


UMLS:C0027569


UMLS:C0680606

The study investigates the relationship between state medical cannabis laws (MCL) and the risk of fatal opioid overdose from 2000-2011 using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The study found no significant association between state MCLs and the rate of opioid overdose for the periods 2000-2005 and 2006-2011. The findings suggest that MCLs do not have a protective effect on opioid overdoses.


UMLS:C3274639

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)

The study found a significant association between the rates of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and the rates of infant foster care entries in the US. Data from 580 US counties from 2009-17 showed that for every one diagnosis of NOWS per ten births, there was a 41% higher rate of infant foster care entry. Additionally, rural county residence was associated with a 19% higher rate of infant foster entry. Higher employment rates were associated with lower rates of infant foster care entry.


UMLS:C5691416


UMLS:C4277532


UMLS:C5700350

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The study investigates the geographic accessibility of medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in substance use disorder treatment facilities from 2014 to 2020. The data shows an increase in the share of counties with a treatment facility offering MOUD from 30% to 45% and those offering all three forms of MOUD from 4% to 9%. Over 83% of the population lives within 10 miles of a facility offering MOUD treatment, and 42% have a facility that offers all three forms of MOUD within a 10-mile radius. The difference between county- and population-based measures is due to more population-dense areas having higher rates of facilities providing MOUD.


UMLS:C5544474

The study investigated the feasibility and efficacy of an adapted Housing First model, combined with prevention services, for young adults experiencing homelessness in the USA. The prevention services included youth-centered advocacy services, motivational interviewing, and HIV risk prevention services. The study found that the model was feasible to deliver and that the youth engaged in the supportive intervention services. The model also led to a significant decrease in drug use, drug use consequences, cognitive distortions, and the size of youths' social networks that were drug using individuals. However, alcohol use did not change significantly over time.


UMLS:C5544474


UMLS:C0849171

The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of hospital-based strategies to address the opioid epidemic in the USA. The strategies included standard hospital care, expanded inpatient prescribing of medications for opioid use disorder, implementation of addiction consult services, and a combined strategy. The results showed that expanding medications for opioid use disorder with bridge prescriptions reduced hospitalizations and overdose deaths by 3.2% and 3.6% respectively. The combined strategy reduced hospitalizations and overdoses by 5.2% and 6.6% respectively. The combined interventions could improve life expectancy and be cost-effective.


UMLS:C0849171


UMLS:C0679199


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study investigates the community-level factors associated with the distribution of naloxone, a medication that reverses opioid overdoses, under a naloxone standing order (NSO) in Massachusetts. The research found that naloxone dispensing under NSO has increased over time. However, communities with a higher percentage of Hispanic ethnicity and rural communities were less likely to dispense naloxone under NSO. Communities with more individuals treated with buprenorphine and those with more opioid-related overdose deaths dispensed more naloxone under NSO. The findings suggest a need for more equitable access to naloxone.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


UMLS:C5205636


UMLS:C0086944


MONDO:0005258

The study investigates the presence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in young adults seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). Using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2), the study found that a significant proportion of these patients exhibited clinically elevated autistic traits. Furthermore, those with elevated SRS-2 scores were more likely to have a stimulant use disorder or an opioid use disorder, as well as alcohol use in the week prior to intake.


HP:5200103


MONDO:0005258


UMLS:C4505167

Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs)

The study examined the impact of state policies such as prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) and duration limits on high-risk opioid prescribing from 2007 to 2018. The study found that initial prescriptions for more than 7 days declined from 23.8% in 2007 to 14.9% in 2018, associated with mandatory and interoperable PDMPs and prescription duration limits. Initial prescriptions with daily MME greater than 90 declined from 13.2% to 1.9%, associated with pain management clinic laws. However, initial prescriptions concurrent with benzodiazepines declined only modestly from 6.9% to 6.5%, associated with pain management clinic laws. The study suggests that new policies should be considered in light of the prevalence of the problem being addressed.


UMLS:C0033080


UMLS:C0747141


UMLS:C1510818

The study investigates the prevalence of state laws that regulate the prescription of buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder (OUD), by advanced practice clinicians (APCs) such as nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs). The research found that one state prohibits all APCs from prescribing buprenorphine for OUD, five states require PA supervision by a federally waivered physician, and three states require NP supervision by a federally waivered physician.


UMLS:C0028657


UMLS:C0031833


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study conducted a trial to determine the effects of pharmacy-based naloxone co-dispensing with opioids. The trial found that co-dispensing naloxone with opioids did not increase opioid risk behavior. However, it did increase naloxone acquisition and patient knowledge about naloxone administration. There was no significant change in opioid dose and other substance use.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

Patient knowledge about naloxone administration


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


UMLS:C0358845

The study examined trends in prescriptions for opioid and non-opioid pain medications in the U.S. from 2014 to 2018. It was found that the percentage of participants receiving a prescription for opioids declined, remained stable for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and increased for acetaminophen, antidepressants, and gabapentinoids. The adjusted odds of receiving an opioid prescription decreased, while the adjusted odds of receiving antidepressant, gabapentinoid, and acetaminophen prescriptions increased. Physicians are increasingly turning to CDC-recommended non-opioid medications for pain management, particularly antidepressants and gabapentinoids.


UMLS:C1579362


NCBIGene:172029


CHEBI:30879

The study aims to implement and evaluate a multi-level community intervention to prevent the onset and escalation of opioid and other drug misuse among adolescents and young adults in the Cherokee Nation. The intervention combines community organizing, school-based brief intervention and referral, skill-based training for adults, and strategic media. The effectiveness of the intervention will be measured through a cluster randomized trial involving 20 high schools. Primary outcomes include the number of days of any alcohol use, heavy alcohol use, any marijuana use, and prescription opioid misuse.


UMLS:C0813973


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


CHEBI:30879


NCIT:C27003

The study investigated the patterns and predictors of daily acute pain in adolescents undergoing treatment for pain. Three trajectories of pain intensity were identified: slow decrease, rapid decrease, and stable or slight increase. Adolescents with stable pain showed the highest levels of anxiety. Better sleep quality was associated with lower pain intensity and interference the following day, even when accounting for opioid use. The study suggests that future research should use intensive longitudinal methodology to guide intervention development and prevent the transition to chronic pain.


NCIT:C27003


EFO:0005272


UMLS:C0242402

The study investigates the impact of SB 273, a legislation aimed at reducing opioid-related harms in West Virginia, on patients and providers. The study found that the fear of disciplinary action and the restrictive nature of the legislation led to an exacerbation of opioid prescribing fear, shifts in care, treatment gaps, and conversion to illicit substances. The researchers suggest a holistic and patient-centered approach by legislative and disciplinary bodies to ensure patients are not abandoned when disciplinary actions are taken against prescribers or new legislation is passed.


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C4716222


UMLS:C1169989

The study used a mathematical model to estimate the impact of offering buprenorphine-naloxone treatment at syringe service programs (SSPs) in Massachusetts, USA. The results showed that the intervention scenario, where 30% of SSP clients initiated buprenorphine treatment on-site at least once annually, averted 4797 fatal opioid overdoses and resulted in 129,359 additional treatment initiations compared to the status quo. The intervention scenario was also found to be cost-effective, saving $3612 per person and accumulating more quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) compared to the status quo.


UMLS:C0038586

associated with increased use in adulthood

The study investigates the long-term effects of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) symptoms from adolescence to adulthood. It was found that adolescents with severe SUD symptoms at age 18 had a higher likelihood of prescription drug use and misuse in adulthood. Most adults who were prescribed opioids, sedatives, or tranquilizers had multiple SUD symptoms during adolescence. The study suggests that severe SUD symptoms in adolescence can lead to more deleterious outcomes in adulthood.


UMLS:C0038586


UMLS:C5204126

associated with increased risk of misuse

The study found that higher polygenic risk scores (PRS) for lifetime cannabis use, heavy drinking, and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased risk of opioid misuse in an African-American sample. The study also found that higher PRS for heavy drinking and alcohol consumption were associated with a higher likelihood of opioid misuse among males, but not females.


UMLS:C5204126


UMLS:C0086582

higher PRS associated with higher likelihood of opioid misuse


UMLS:C0086287

higher PRS not associated with higher likelihood of opioid misuse


UMLS:C1314200

The study investigates the impact of state policies on the prescription of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder by nurse practitioners (NP) and physician assistants (PA). The study found that the percentage of buprenorphine treatment prescribed by NPs/PAs varied across states. Policies that increased the odds of buprenorphine treatment from an NP/PA included full scope of practice for NPs and PAs, Medicaid pay parity for NPs, and Medicaid expansion. The association of Medicaid expansion with NP/PA buprenorphine treatment was particularly significant in rural counties.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that young adult opioid misuse is indicative of a general tendency toward substance use and is strongly influenced by the risk for substance use. The research also found that opioid-specific risk factors play a minor independent role. The study suggests that existing evidence-based substance use interventions may be effective in preventing opioid misuse among young adults.


UMLS:C4061689

The study found that changes in perceived and objective neighborhood social environment during adolescence have an impact on alcohol and marijuana use in emerging adulthood. Specifically, increasing perceived disorganization was associated with greater alcohol consequences and socialization with peers using marijuana. Decreasing objective neighborhood SES was linked to fewer alcohol consequences and greater socialization with peers drinking alcohol. Interestingly, both decreasing and increasing perceived social cohesion were associated with fewer alcohol consequences, and increasing perceived social cohesion was linked to lower solitary alcohol use.


UMLS:C4061689


UMLS:C0155534

predicts fewer consequences and greater use


UMLS:C5392952

predicts fewer consequences and lower solitary use


UMLS:C1328956

The study examines the various strategies implemented by federal and state governments to provide access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The policies focused on four key areas: telehealth, privacy, licensing, and medication for OUD treatment. The study found that while all states have adopted at least one policy in these areas, no state has comprehensively implemented all of these policies. The study emphasizes the need for evaluations to account for the variation in state approaches as the interactions between policies may limit the potential effectiveness of any single policy approach.


UMLS:C0080048


UMLS:C0242373


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study aimed to understand expert views on state-level naloxone access laws (NALs) in the US, which are used to expand naloxone availability as a harm reduction strategy against the opioid epidemic. The study found that the effectiveness of NALs in reducing opioid-related mortality depends on their ability to significantly increase population-level naloxone availability. Experts generally believed that increased naloxone availability does not significantly impact the prevalence of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder (OUD), and non-fatal opioid overdoses. However, implementation barriers include public stigma, naloxone affordability, and reliance on an inequitable healthcare system. Experts suggest that high-value NALs should address these issues and target settings beyond community pharmacies to distribute naloxone.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


UMLS:C4294899

The paper discusses the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) initiative, the HEAL Prevention Cooperative (HPC), which aims to develop effective prevention interventions for older adolescents and young adults at risk for opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD). The HPC includes an economic evaluation component to provide information on the costs, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of these interventions. The primary objectives of the economic evaluation are to estimate the intervention implementation costs to providers, estimate the cost-effectiveness of each intervention for reducing opioid misuse initiation and escalation among youth, and use simulation modeling to estimate the budget impact of broader implementation of the interventions within the various settings over multiple years.


UMLS:C4294899


UMLS:C4324621


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The Helping to End Addiction Long-Term (HEAL) Prevention Cooperative (HPC) is developing 10 different interventions to prevent opioid misuse and opioid use disorder. The aim is to compare the impacts of these interventions on the initiation, escalation, severity, and disorder of opioid misuse and to identify if any interventions are more effective for certain individuals. The paper discusses the strategies and processes used to harmonize HPC data, including a strategy to measure opioid use that spans the spectrum of opioid use experiences. The limitations and opportunities of this approach are also reviewed.


UMLS:C0679730


UMLS:C0011000


UMLS:C2371831

The study used a 3-round modified Delphi process to gather expert consensus on the effectiveness and implementability of state-level opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment policies. The study found that facilitated access to medications for OUD and automatic Medicaid enrollment for citizens returning from correctional settings were viewed as highly implementable and effective. However, policies such as hub-and-spoke-type policies and provision of financial incentives to emergency departments for treatment linkage faced implementation barriers due to feasibility and affordability. Coercive policies and policies imposing additional requirements on individuals with OUD were viewed as low-value policies.


UMLS:C0814770


UMLS:C4511535


UMLS:C0202499


UMLS:C2046804


MONDO:0005473

The study investigates the role of jaw function, psychological factors, and chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) in the development of pain-related disability in patients with chronic Temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Data was collected from 400 participants with chronic TMD and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that jaw function is the strongest predictor of pain-related disability, followed by psychological unease and COPCs. The findings support the potential value of targeting physical therapy such as jaw exercise along with psychological interventions as multidisciplinary nonpharmacological therapeutic solutions.


UMLS:C0744939

Chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs)


UMLS:C0596807


UMLS:C0033898


MGI:2684161

The study found that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) plays a key role in the acquisition and maintenance of opiate-associated memories through its projections to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The activity of the PVT→CeA pathway associates morphine reward with the environment. Transient inhibition of the PVT→NAc pathway during retrieval provides enduring protection against opiate-primed relapse. The study also found that activating the downstream NAc→lateral hypothalamus (LH) pathway can prevent relapse. These findings suggest that the PVT→NAc→LH pathway could be a potential target for treating opioid addiction.


MGI:2684161


MGI:2684161

orchestrates acquisition and maintenance of


MGI:2684161

inhibition during retrieval provides protection against


NCBIGene:40981


UMLS:C0150079

The paper discusses the bi-directional relationship between sleep/alertness disturbance and substance use disorders (SUD). It suggests that sleep/alertness disturbance impacts all phases of the addiction cycle, including initiation, maintenance, and relapse of SUD. The study reviews various substances and concludes that sleep/alertness disturbance is a crucial factor in understanding and treating SUD.


UMLS:C0150079


MONDO:0100081

The paper reviews the relationship between sleep deficiency and opioid use, suggesting a bidirectional association between sleep efficiency and opioid abstinence. The authors propose that normalizing sleep deficiency could potentially improve opioid abstinence and vice versa. They also discuss potential mechanisms that could link improvements in sleep to opioid abstinence. The paper suggests that sleep-restorative therapeutic approaches should be examined in clinical trials as a potential solution to the opioid epidemic.


UMLS:C0518595


UMLS:C0599428


UMLS:C5697162


UMLS:C0541662


UMLS:C4324621

The study investigates the feasibility of using a wireless sleep electroencephalography (EEG) monitor to measure sleep outcomes and architecture in patients undergoing supervised opioid withdrawal. The results showed that the wireless EEG could detect changes in total, NREM, and REM sleep time, and was associated with increased withdrawal severity, lower sleep efficiency, less time in REM and non-REM stages 1 and 2, and more hydroxyzine treatment. The study suggests that a wireless EEG is a feasible and useful tool for monitoring sleep in persons experiencing acute opioid withdrawal.


UMLS:C0013819


UMLS:C4324621


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3658


UMLS:C4324621

The paper discusses the role of sleep health in opioid use disorder (OUD). It highlights that sleep disturbances are common in individuals with OUD, particularly during opioid withdrawal and maintenance therapies. These disturbances, which include reduced total sleep time, disrupted sleep continuity, and poor sleep quality, are often associated with negative OUD treatment outcomes. The paper also notes that sleep disturbances are bidirectionally linked with factors such as chronic stress, stress reactivity, low positive affect, high negative affect, chronic pain, and drug craving. Despite the potential benefits, there are few studies aimed at improving sleep health in OUD patients. The paper suggests that therapeutic interventions targeting sleep could be a promising avenue to improve OUD treatment.


UMLS:C0087169


UMLS:C4324621

The study conducted RNA sequencing on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of postmortem brains from subjects with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and unaffected comparison subjects. The results revealed significant overlap in transcripts between the two brain regions in OUD, related to synaptic remodeling and neuroinflammation. The identified transcripts were enriched for factors controlling proinflammatory cytokine, chondroitin sulfate, and extracellular matrix signaling. Microglia were implicated as potential drivers for opioid-induced neuroplasticity. Genetic liabilities for risky behavior, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and depression were suggested in subjects with OUD.


UMLS:C4324621

The study investigates the correlation of drug-related dreams with opioid use disorder (OUD). The research found that individuals who recalled a drug-related dream in the past week were more likely to report recent sleep disturbances, including poor sleep quality, increased insomnia symptoms, and a higher risk for sleep apnea. Post-dream craving and distress were associated with greater insomnia symptoms, poor sleep hygiene behaviors, and increased anxiety symptoms. Those who had ever experienced a drug-related dream were more likely to report a history of severe withdrawal, overdose, and intravenous opioid use. The study suggests that interventions treating co-occurring OUD, pain, sleep symptoms, and affective symptoms may improve overall well-being in this population.


UMLS:C4324621

The study found that individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) reported worsening sleep quality over their lifespan. Persistent sleep disturbances were associated with female sex, a greater number of treatment episodes, and positive screens for chronic pain and insomnia. The study suggests that OUD treatment providers should routinely screen for co-occurring sleep disturbance and chronic pain.


GO:0030237


HP:0030842


HP:0012532


MONDO:0013600


UMLS:C4324621

The study found that people with opioid use disorder (OUD) have altered molecular rhythms in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), two key brain areas involved in OUD. In the DLPFC, fewer rhythmic transcripts were identified in subjects with OUD compared to unaffected subjects. In contrast, the NAc had nearly double the number of rhythmic transcripts in subjects with OUD. These rhythmic transcripts were associated with opioid, dopamine, and GABAergic neurotransmission. The study also found that these rhythmic transcripts were enriched for genomic loci associated with sleep-related traits, including sleep duration and insomnia.


UMLS:C3494465


UMLS:C4324621

The paper discusses the relationship between opioid use disorder (OUD) and sleep deficiency, a condition that affects 75% of patients with OUD. The study highlights the bidirectional mechanisms between OUD and sleep deficiency and the potential to target sleep deficiency with therapeutic interventions to promote long-term, healthy recovery among patients in OUD treatment. The effects of opioids on sleep quality, sleep architecture, sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea endotypes, ventilatory control, and implications for therapy and clinical practice are also discussed.


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C4324621

The paper discusses the relationship between opioid use disorder (OUD) and sleep deficiency. OUD is a chronic brain disease that affects cognitive function, mood, pain perception, and autonomic activity. Sleep deficiency, which can be caused by various factors such as sleep disorders, circadian disruption, and poor sleep quality, is found in over 75% of OUD patients. The paper suggests that there are bidirectional mechanisms between OUD and sleep deficiency and identifies potential therapeutic targets.


UMLS:C0752293


UMLS:C0015582


UMLS:C1277595


UniProtKB:I7GMK5

The study investigates the role of the circadian protein, neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), in the effects of the opioid fentanyl on pain, tolerance, and physical dependence. The research used male and female wild-type and NPAS2-deficient mice. The results showed that female NPAS2-deficient mice exhibited increased analgesic tolerance and more behavioral symptoms of physical dependence to fentanyl. Male NPAS2-deficient mice showed increased fentanyl-induced hypersensitivity compared to wild-type males. This suggests that NPAS2 has sex-specific effects on fentanyl-induced tolerance, hyperalgesia, and dependence.


UniProtKB:I7GMK5


UMLS:C0342302

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common complication of chronic diabetes that can lead to significant disability and healthcare costs. Early symptom identification and aggressive glycemic control are crucial in controlling the development of neuropathic complications. However, adequate pain relief remains a challenge. Pharmacotherapy with anticonvulsants (pregabalin, gabapentin) and antidepressants (duloxetine) are common first-line agents. The use of oral opioids is discouraged due to associated morbidity, mortality, and potential for opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Neuromodulation treatment modalities including intrathecal drug delivery, spinal cord stimulation, and dorsal root ganglion stimulation are emerging as potential treatments. Holistic alternative therapies such as yoga and acupuncture may also be beneficial.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5486971


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3446


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:86278283


UMLS:C0013786

The study investigates the use of epidural electrical stimulation of the conus medullaris in a patient with complete L1 paraplegia and neuropathic genital pain due to a traumatic conus injury. The patient underwent spinal cord stimulator (SCS) implantation and an intensive outpatient physical therapy regimen. After 18 months, the patient showed advancement in motor zones of partial preservation (ZPPs) and qualitative increases in lower extremity resting state EMG amplitudes. However, there was no consistent evidence of voluntary EMG or rhythmic locomotive leg movements. The patient's quality of life improved significantly, suggesting potential for neuroplasticity in this patient population.


UMLS:C0394477


UMLS:C0013786

Motor zones of partial preservation (ZPPs)


UMLS:C0013786

Lower extremity resting state EMG amplitudes


UMLS:C0013786


MONDO:0011382

The study investigates the impact of Sickle cell disease (SCD) on gait in humanized transgenic BERK sickle mice. The researchers found that Purkinje cells, which are associated with movement and neural function, undergo increased apoptosis in sickle mice, potentially leading to compensatory gait changes. Using an automated gait measurement system, MouseWalker, they found that sickle mice showed alterations in stance instability and dynamic gait parameters. These alterations may be due to motor dysfunction from damaged Purkinje cells or from fear and/or anticipation of movement-evoked pain. The study also found correlations between certain gait parameters and both mechanical and deep tissue hyperalgesia.


UMLS:C0034143


UMLS:C2267116


UMLS:C0394477

The study investigates the management of generator site pain, also known as "pocket pain", in patients undergoing spinal cord stimulation (SCS). The research involved a review of all SCS permanent implants and implantable pulse generator (IPG) placements over a period of 9 years. Out of 785 cases, 43 patients were identified with pocket pain. The study found that females were overrepresented in the pocket pain cohort. The diagnoses included failed back surgery syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, and chronic neuropathic pain. None of the patients improved with conservative therapy, and all either underwent revision or explant. The study also found that significantly more pocket pain patients had workers' compensation insurance. The study concluded that pocket pain was inadequately managed with conservative treatments and that being female and having SCS filed under workers' compensation increased the risk of pocket pain.


UMLS:C1963763


MONDO:0019369


UMLS:C0744939


UMLS:C4076268

The paper discusses the pain associated with sickle cell disease (SCD), which can be both acute and chronic. Acute pain is caused by vaso-occlusive crises (VOC), while the cause of chronic pain is still unknown. Opioids are the primary treatment for pain, but concerns over their long-term use and the opioid epidemic have led to a need for non-opioid therapies. The FDA has approved three drugs for the treatment of SCD, specifically to reduce VOC and impact the pathobiology of SCD.


UMLS:C4076268


UMLS:C0457949

The paper discusses the link between chronic low back pain (CLBP) and depression, and proposes a novel approach to treat CLBP using deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC). The SCC is structurally connected to brain regions that mediate emotional processes and are implicated in both CLBP and depression, including the anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. The authors suggest that CLBP and depression share a common underlying brain network interconnected by the SCC.


UMLS:C0394162


UMLS:C5450290


UMLS:C1518963

The paper discusses the use of neuromodulation as a treatment for chronic neuropathic pain. Neuromodulation, a drug-free and non-addictive method, involves transmitting controlled physical energy to specific neural targets in the central nervous system. The paper also discusses both invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation methods for pain management, with a particular focus on an emerging technology, transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). The safety and future prospects of transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation for pain management are also discussed.


UMLS:C1518963


UMLS:C1517281


UMLS:C0394477

The study presents an automated data visualization tool that generates patient-specific activity maps using intraoperatively collected signals. The tool is based on JavaScript/Python and provides a fast and robust visualization of electromyography (EMG) activity. The tool was tested using a High-resolution (HR)-SCS lead with 8 columns of electrodes spanning the dorsal columns. The tool provides a rapid and robust analysis of stimulation effects on various muscle groups and allows for direct comparison across subjects and/or stimulation settings.


UMLS:C4553486

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM)


UMLS:C5418299


UMLS:C0206304


UMLS:C0429348


UMLS:C0394162

The paper discusses the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a potential treatment for various neuropsychiatric disorders. The authors suggest that closed-loop DBS strategies, which use sensed neural signals to control stimulation, could overcome many of the limitations of open-loop stimulation. They provide a practical guide for implementing a closed-loop DBS system, using examples from patients with chronic pain. The guide includes details on how to adjust key parameters to manage feature selection, state thresholding, and stimulation artifacts.


UMLS:C0394477

High-resolution spinal cord stimulation (HR-SCS)

The study investigates the use of high-resolution spinal cord stimulation (HR-SCS) in patients with chronic pain. The HR-SCS paddle was found to stimulate medial-dorsal columns and extend stimulation coverage to laterally positioned spinal targets. The study found that the lateral contacts of the HR-SCS triggered stronger responses in medial gastrocnemius, adductor magnus, and tibialis anterior, while the medial contacts triggered stronger responses in gluteus maximus and adductor hallucis. The study suggests that HR-SCS may improve targeting of focal pain in the lower extremities.


UMLS:C0394477


UMLS:C3164085

The paper does not provide an abstract, but from the title, it can be inferred that the study involves the use of transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation to induce changes in neuronal correlation in the rat somatosensory cortex.