UniProtKB:A0A0D3MTH6

The study focuses on the role of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel in acute and chronic itch. TRPV4, which is expressed in ganglion sensory neurons and various skin cells, has been relatively understudied in the context of itch modulation. However, recent evidence suggests that TRPV4 contributes to acute and chronic disease-associated itch. The exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of TRPV4's involvement in itch are still not fully understood.


UniProtKB:A0A0D3MTH6


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6443995

The study found that the concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was elevated in porous endplates, leading to spinal pain. High-dose treatment with the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, celecoxib, decreased the PGE2 concentration and reduced spinal pain in mice with lumbar spine instability. However, this treatment also impaired bone formation in porous endplates, and spinal pain returned after discontinuing the treatment. Low-dose celecoxib treatment, on the other hand, led to a long-lasting reduction in spinal pain and significantly reduced endplate porosity, which was associated with decreased sensory nerve innervation and spinal pain.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6443995


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:2662


UMLS:C0085268


UMLS:C1849031


UniProtKB:Q9PSQ0

The study identified genes that are exclusively expressed in different types of mouse ganglion neurons. The pituitary hormone genes prolactin (Prl), growth hormone (Gh), and proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) were found to be almost exclusively in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. The study also found that growth hormone (GH) plays a significant role in pain responses in the trigeminal system, as it produced mechanical hypersensitivity when injected intrathecally and generated orofacial and headache-like periorbital mechanical hypersensitivity. This hypersensitivity was reversed by a GH receptor antagonist, pegvisomant.


PR:000007968


UniProtKB:Q9PWN1


PR:000007968

Orofacial and headache-like periorbital mechanical hypersensitivity


UNII:N824AOU5XV


UMLS:C0064239

The study investigates the sex differences in protein kinase A (PKA) signaling of latent postoperative pain sensitization, which is controlled by kappa opioid receptors (KOR) in the spinal cord. The research found that both males and females have NMDA receptor (NMDAR)→adenylyl cyclase-1 (AC1)→PKA and Epac signaling pathways in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord that maintain latent sensitization. However, only males recruit a PKA-dependent mechanism. The study suggests that AC1, PKA, and Epac inhibitors could be developed into a new pharmacotherapy for chronic postoperative pain.


UMLS:C5565201


UMLS:C1175840


UMLS:C4742240


UniProtKB:W5JB50


PR:000006033

The study found that the protease Cathepsin S, which is more active in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) than in normal tissue, contributes to cancer pain through the activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2). This was demonstrated in both human oral SCC patients and preclinical mouse models. The study also found that the human oral SCC cell line (HSC-3) with a homozygous deletion of the gene for Cathepsin S (CTSS) provoked significantly less pain, indicating that Cathepsin S plays a significant role in cancer pain.


PR:000006033


UMLS:C0682523


UBERON:0004132

The study identified nine distinct subtypes of trigeminal (TG) sensory neurons that innervate the masseter muscle (MM) fibers, fascia, tendons, and adjusted tissues. These neurons were identified using patch clamp electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry on TG neurons back-traced from a reporter mouse MM. The study found that 24% of these neurons belonged to non-peptidergic IB-4+/TRPA1- or IB-4+/TRPA1+ groups, while two TRPV1+ small-sized neuronal groups were classified as peptidergic/CGRP+. The study also found that masseteric muscle fibers, tendons and masseteric fascia in mice and the common marmoset were exclusively innervated by either CGRP+/NFH+ or CGRP-/NFH+ medium-to-large neurons.


UMLS:C4505180


UMLS:C1564816


UMLS:C0002251


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44584947

The study identifies nociceptor endocytosis as a potential target for local, specific, and long-lasting treatment of inflammatory pain. The researchers found that AP2α2, an α-subunit isoform of the AP2 complex, is preferentially expressed within CGRP+/IB4- nociceptors in rodents and in CGRP+ dorsal root ganglion neurons from a human donor. By using genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit nociceptor endocytosis, they demonstrated its role in the development and maintenance of acute and chronic inflammatory pain. A one-time injection of an AP2 inhibitor peptide significantly reduced acute and chronic pain-like behaviors and provided prolonged analgesia. The study also found sexually dimorphic recovery responses to this pharmacological approach, emphasizing the importance of sex differences in pain development and response to analgesics.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44584947


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4624

The study investigates the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating the adaptive immune system activation and nociceptive sensitization in a mouse model of chronic post-traumatic pain with features of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The researchers used 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or lofexidine to reduce sympathetic signaling and nicotine to augment parasympathetic signaling. The results showed that these treatments reduced fracture-induced hindpaw nociceptive sensitization and unweighting, prevented IgM deposition, hypertrophy of popliteal lymph nodes, and the development of pronociceptive serum transfer effects. This suggests that inhibiting sympathetic or augmenting parasympathetic signaling inhibits pro-nociceptive immunological changes accompanying limb fracture.


CHEMBL.COMPOUND:CHEMBL1788132


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:89594


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4624


UMLS:C1185619

Large-diameter afferent fibers (Aβ-fibers)

The study found that astrocytes, a type of cell in the spinal cord, play a significant role in pain gating, a process that reduces the transmission of pain signals to the brain. The researchers discovered that electrical stimulation of large-diameter afferent fibers (Aβ-fibers) in mice activated astrocytes, which then induced long-term depression (LTD) in neurokinin 1 receptor–positive (NK1R+) neurons and reduced pain through the activation of endogenous adenosinergic mechanisms. When astrocyte activation was suppressed, the induction of LTD in NK1R+ neurons and pain inhibition by Aβ-fiber stimulation was blocked.


UMLS:C0004112

Neurokinin 1 receptor–positive (NK1R+) neurons


UMLS:C0004112

reduces through activation of endogenous adenosinergic mechanisms


EFO:0009510

causes abnormal spontaneous activity (cluster firing)

The study discovered a unique form of abnormal spontaneous activity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons following peripheral nerve injury, termed as "cluster firing". This cluster firing was found to be directly correlated with nerve injury-induced spontaneous pain behaviors. The study also found that this cluster firing is triggered by the activity of sympathetic nerves, which sprout into DRGs after injury, and identified norepinephrine as a key neurotransmitter mediating this unique firing. The study suggests that blocking sympathetically mediated cluster firing could be a new approach for treating spontaneous pain.


UMLS:C1880176


UMLS:C0452076


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:439260


UMLS:C0911575

The study investigates a new approach to pain management by indirectly regulating the NaV1.7 channel, which is crucial for pain sensation. The researchers found that blocking the addition of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) on the NaV1.7-interacting protein, CRMP2, inhibited NaV1.7 functions and reduced pain in rodents. A compound, 194, was identified that selectively engaged NaV1.7 in vitro and ex vivo. When orally administered, compound 194 demonstrated antinociceptive effects in models of acute and chronic pain, and showed synergy with other analgesics without causing addiction, rewarding properties, or neurotoxicity. The analgesic effect of 194 was found to be opioid receptor dependent.


UniProtKB:A0A1R4ABV0


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:24755517


UBERON:0002405

The study investigates the role of the immune system in pain regulation, focusing on the interaction between the immune system and the peripheral sensory nervous system. The research, conducted on rodents, reveals that T cells and macrophages can both enhance pain through proinflammatory mediators and promote pain resolution through anti-inflammatory mediators and endogenous opioids.


UMLS:C1440937


UMLS:C0542077


UMLS:C1563722

Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels

involved in generation and progression of

The study discusses the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in the generation and progression of chronic pain. Despite being targeted by pharmaceutical companies for therapeutic purposes, TRP channel inhibitors have failed in clinical trials due to their thermoregulatory function. The study also highlights the emergence of Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) as potential pain therapeutics due to their regulation of exocytosis and pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters. It is suggested that BoNTs may also regulate the expression and function of TRP channels, which could explain their analgesic effects.


UMLS:C3494353

Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels


UMLS:C0006055


UniProtKB:A0A6J8A6X1

The study investigates the role of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 4 (TRPC4) in pain and its potential as a target for migraine treatment. The researchers found that TRPC4 is highly expressed in trigeminal ganglia and its activation mediates not only itch but also pain. The small-molecule inhibitor ML204, a specific TRPC4 antagonist, significantly reduced migraine-like behaviors in mice after injection of nitroglycerin (NTG), a migraine inducer. Additionally, ML-204 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) protein levels in the plasma, which largely prevented the development of chronic migraine-like behavior.


UniProtKB:A0A6J8A6X1


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:49786978


UMLS:C2193899


UMLS:C3653393

The paper discusses the potential of nanotechnology in pain management. Current pain treatments, which primarily rely on opioid analgesics, are unsatisfactory due to their life-threatening side effects and addictive properties. Nanomedicine could provide targeted treatments without these burdens. The paper highlights advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery to reduce side effects, gene therapy to address the source of pain, and nanomaterials-based scavenging to mediate pain signaling.


UMLS:C0391976


UMLS:C3494244

The study investigates the role of Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors in reversing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). The researchers found that HDAC6 inhibitors can reverse CIPN by increasing macrophage-derived IL-10 signaling to IL-10 receptors on Advillin+ sensory neurons. This process helps to resolve mechanical hypersensitivity. Additionally, HDAC6 inhibitors can restore axonal mitochondrial health, which is independent of macrophages and IL-10 signaling.


UMLS:C3494244


UniProtKB:A0A0B5H157


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5460033


UMLS:C3503759

The study investigates the role of the voltage-gated sodium channel isoform NaV1.7 in transmitting pain signals. The researchers found that a small molecule inhibitor of CRMP2 SUMOylation, compound 194, selectively reduces NaV1.7 currents in DRG neurons across different species. This compound also reversed mechanical allodynia in a spared nerve injury and chemotherapy-induced model of neuropathic pain. The study further shows that oral administration of 194 reverses mechanical allodynia in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. The results suggest that 194 is a robust inhibitor of NaV1.7 function, effectively reducing pain associated with nerve injury.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:24755517


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:24755517

Chemotherapy-induced model of neuropathic pain


UniProtKB:A0A1R4ABV0

Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents

reduces frequency and amplitude when knocked down

The study investigates the role of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) in neuropathic pain. The researchers found that knocking down CRMP2 in the spinal cord of rats reduced the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, but not spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents. A similar effect was observed when CRMP2 was conditionally knocked out from mouse neurons. However, knocking out CRMP2 from mouse astrocytes had no effect on synaptic transmission. The study concludes that CRMP2 is a key regulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission driving pain signaling and contributes to the transition of physiological pain into pathological pain.


UniProtKB:A0A1R4ABV0

contributes to the transition of physiological pain into pathological pain


UniProtKB:A0A1R4ABV0

knockout reduces frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents


UniProtKB:A0A1R4ABV0

knockout has no effect on synaptic transmission


GTOPDB:1575

The study investigates the analgesic mechanism of contulakin-G (CGX), a conotoxin peptide and neurotensin analogue. The researchers hypothesized that CGX produces antinociception through the activation of the presynaptic neurotensin receptor (NTSR)2. The study found that intrathecal administration of CGX inhibited thermal and mechanical hypersensitivities in rodents. The inhibition of CGX was found to be dependent on the R-type voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav2.3) in sensory neurons. The study also found coexpression of NTSR2 and Cav2.3 in dorsal root ganglion neurons.


GTOPDB:1575

R-type voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav2.3)


PR:000001627


NCBIGene:777

R-type voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav2.3)


UMLS:C0259628

The study investigates the trafficking and signaling of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in colitis. Researchers generated knockin mice expressing PAR2 fused to monomeric ultrastable green fluorescent protein (muGFP). The PAR2-muGFP was found to be expressed in epithelial cells of the small and large intestine and in subsets of enteric and dorsal root ganglia neurons. In healthy mice, PAR2-muGFP was prominently localized to the basolateral membrane of colonocytes. However, in mice with colitis, PAR2-muGFP was depleted from the plasma membrane of colonocytes and redistributed to early endosomes. PAR2 agonists stimulated endocytosis of PAR2 and recruitment of Gαq, Gαi, and β-arrestin to early endosomes of T84 colon carcinoma cells. Knockdown of dynamin-2 (Dnm2), the major colonocyte isoform, and Dnm inhibition attenuated PAR2 endocytosis, signaling complex assembly and colonic inflammation and hyperalgesia.


UMLS:C0259628


PR:000006603


UMLS:C0002251

The study reveals that the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from mouse cutaneous trigeminal fibers targets CLR/RAMP1 on surrounding Schwann cells to evoke periorbital mechanical allodynia. The activation of CLR/RAMP1 in human and mouse Schwann cells generates signals from endosomes that evoke cAMP-dependent formation of nitric oxide (NO). NO, by gating Schwann cell transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), releases reactive oxygen species (ROS), which sustain allodynia via nociceptor TRPA1. A CLR/RAMP1 antagonist encapsulated into nanoparticles provides superior inhibition of CGRP signaling and allodynia in mice.


UniProtKB:G4WMY3


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6610315


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:145068


UMLS:C4505180


CHEBI:26523


NCBIGene:18479463


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826

The study investigates the mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance (OT) and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) in the gastrointestinal tract. Chronic administration of morphine in mice led to tolerance and evidence of OIH, which was inhibited by the δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) antagonist naltrindole. The pronociceptive actions of opioids were blocked by the DOPr antagonist SDM25N but not the MOPr antagonist D-Pen-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2. The hyperexcitability induced by DAMGO was reversed after a 1 h washout, but reapplication of low concentrations of DAMGO or [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-Enkephalin restored the hyperexcitability, an effect mediated by protein kinase C. DOPr-dependent DRG neuron hyperexcitability was blocked by the endocytosis inhibitor Pitstop 2, and the weakly internalizing DOPr agonist ARM390 did not cause hyperexcitability. The study concludes that chronic high-dose opioid exposure leads to opioid tolerance and features of OIH in the colon, mediated by DOPr signaling and dependent on receptor endocytosis and downstream protein kinase C signaling.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826


GTOPDB:1641


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:16741282


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462471


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:71312121


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:136227331


UMLS:C1849239

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN)

The study found that the resolution of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a type of chronic pain, depends on CD8+ T cells and IL-10 produced by other cells. Specifically, CD8+ T cells producing IL-13 were required for resolution of CIPN. The study also found that cell damage induced by cisplatin activated TIM3 on CD8+ T cells, leading to increased IL-13 production, which in turn induced macrophage IL-10 production and resolution of CIPN.


UMLS:C1849239


UMLS:C4053602


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5460033


UMLS:C0627512


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:154731588

The study investigates the role of Oxytocin (OT) in pain-related disorders, specifically in the comorbidity of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The research used a rat model with masseter muscle inflammation and forced swim stress to mimic the comorbidity of TMD and FMS. The study found that spinal administration of OT reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in the rats' hindpaws. The protein levels of OT receptors and 5-HT2A receptors in the L4-L5 spinal dorsal horn increased after OT injection. The analgesic effect of OT was blocked by the OT receptor antagonist atosiban or the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ritanserin, suggesting that OT may inhibit pain through OT receptors and/or 5-HT2A receptors.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:154731588


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5311010


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5074


UniProtKB:Q9GK72

Enduring stress-induced hyperalgesia (ESIH)

The study investigates the role of FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) in enduring stress-induced hyperalgesia (ESIH), a condition often leading to chronic pain after severe stress exposure. The research used an animal model of traumatic stress exposure and administered SAFit2, a specific inhibitor of FKBP51, at different times relative to stress exposure. The results showed that immediate administration of SAFit2 after stress exposure completely reversed ESIH for more than seven days. However, delayed administration had less effect, and administration 120 hours after stress exposure had no effect. The study suggests that FKBP51 plays a time-dependent role in ESIH pathogenesis and that early inhibition of FKBP51 after traumatic stress could prevent ESIH.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:86277887


UMLS:C4295709

Enduring stress-induced hyperalgesia (ESIH)


MONDO:0005146


NCBIGene:2289

Chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain (CMP)

The study investigates the vulnerability factors for chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain (CMP). It was found that the interaction between FKBP5 genetic risk and right hippocampal volume was associated with CMP severity. Furthermore, the severity of childhood trauma was found to moderate the relationship between FKBP5 genetic risk, right hippocampal brain volume, and CMP.


EFO:0005035


UMLS:C5544356

moderates the relationship with FKBP5 genetic risk and Hippocampal volume


UMLS:C0439656

The study found that voluntary wheel running before nerve injury can prevent chronic pain in both male and female rats. This is achieved by maintaining redox balance after sciatic nerve injury. The study showed that 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running reduces neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury. This reduction was linked to decreased nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, a marker for peroxynitrite, at the injury site. The study also found that voluntary wheel running increases superoxide scavenging by increasing the expression of superoxide dismutases 1 and 2. The prevention of neuropathic pain was also associated with the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master transcriptional regulator of the antioxidant response. The protective effects of voluntary wheel running were mediated by Nrf2, as suppression was abolished when Nrf2 activation was blocked during the 6-week running phase.


UMLS:C0439656


UniProtKB:A0A2H4G8G8


UMLS:C0002251

The study investigates the role of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraine pathophysiology. The researchers injected CGRP directly into the medial cerebellar nuclei (MN) of C57BL/6J mice and observed behaviors that are indicative of migraine-like symptoms. The results showed that CGRP injection caused light aversion, increased anxiety, tactile hypersensitivity, and spontaneous pain. The effects were more pronounced in female mice. The study suggests that the cerebellum, particularly the MN, might be a site of CGRP action contributing to migraine-like hypersensitivity.


UMLS:C0002251


UBERON:0002037


UMLS:C0002251

The study investigates the expression of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the calcitonin receptor (CTR) in the trigeminal ganglia, a key site in craniofacial pain and migraine. The research found that both CGRP and CTR are expressed in 30-40% of trigeminal ganglia neurons in rats, mice, and humans. The study also found that CGRP and CTR are primarily colocalized in small to medium sized neurons, suggesting that CGRP could act in an autocrine manner through a CTR-based receptor, such as the AMY1 receptor. This suggests that a trigeminal ganglia CTR-based receptor may be activated during migraine and could therefore represent a potential target to develop treatments for craniofacial pain and migraine.


UniProtKB:A0A199VS20


GO:0061551


UMLS:C0266058

The study investigates the role of spinal CCK1 receptors in somatic pain hypersensitivity caused by temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The research found that unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC), a type of TMD, can induce somatic pain hypersensitivity. This hypersensitivity is promoted by the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor-mediated descending facilitation system through neuron-glia cell signaling cascade. The expression levels of CCK1 receptors, interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-18 receptors (IL-18R) were significantly up-regulated in the L4 to L5 spinal dorsal horn at 4 weeks post UAC. The study suggests that CCK1 receptor-dependent descending facilitation may mediate central mechanisms underlying the development of widespread somatic pain via a reciprocal neuron-glial signaling cascade.


UMLS:C0034791


UMLS:C0663842


NCBIGene:317756

The study investigates the role of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in chronic bladder conditions such as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). The researchers found TGR5 mRNA expression in all layers of the bladder, lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and isolated bladder-innervating DRG neurons in mice. The synthetic TGR5 agonist CCDC directly activated a sub-population of bladder-innervating DRG neurons, which was diminished in Trpv1-/- but not Trpa1-/- DRG neurons. The study also showed that both endogenous and synthetic TGR5 agonists enhanced afferent mechanosensitivity to bladder distension. The enhanced mechanosensitivity induced by CCDC was absent in Gpbar1-/- mice, indicating a role for the TGR5 receptor in mediating bladder afferent hypersensitivity to distension.


NCBIGene:317756


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44592018


NCBIGene:317756

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS)


MONDO:0010150

Peripheral sympathetic and sensory nerves

The study investigates the relationship between pain and sympathetic neurotransmission in oral cancer. It was found that human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors and mouse tumor tissue are innervated by peripheral sympathetic and sensory nerves. β-adrenergic 1 and 2 receptors (β-ARs) are overexpressed in human oral cancer cell lines, and norepinephrine treatment increased β-AR2 protein expression and cancer cell proliferation. The study also found that norepinephrine-treated cancer cell lines secrete more tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), which increases nociceptive behavior. This behavior was reduced during systemic β-adrenergic inhibitory treatment with propranolol. Additionally, chemical sympathectomy using guanethidine led to a significant reduction in tumor size and nociceptive behavior.


UniProtKB:E7QT22


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:439260


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4946

orofacial cancer-induced nociceptive behavior


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3518


UMLS:C0161479

The study identifies a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), named nerve injury-specific lncRNA (NIS-lncRNA), that is upregulated in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) in response to nerve injury. This upregulation is triggered by an increase in DRG ELF1, a transcription factor that binds to the NIS-lncRNA promoter. The upregulation of NIS-lncRNA leads to an increase in CCL2 expression, which in turn increases excitability in DRG neurons and produces neuropathic pain symptoms. The study suggests that NIS-lncRNA promotes the binding of the RNA-interacting protein FUS to the Ccl2 promoter, thereby augmenting Ccl2 transcription in injured DRGs. Blocking the upregulation of NIS-lncRNA attenuates nerve injury-induced CCL2 increase and nociceptive hypersensitivity, suggesting that NIS-lncRNA could be a potential target in neuropathic pain management.


NCBIGene:2543082


NCBIGene:102637887


MESH:C491766


UMLS:C0217085


MONDO:0006685

The study investigates the relationship between prenatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury, which can cause cerebral palsy (CP), and changes in spinal nociceptive circuitry. The research was conducted on New Zealand White rabbit kits and found that HI caused an expansion of peptidergic afferents (marked by expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide) in both the superficial and deep dorsal horn. Non-peptidergic nociceptive afferent arborization was unaltered in HI kits, but overlap of the two populations (peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors) was increased by HI. Mechanical and thermal nociception was enhanced in HI kits even in the absence of motor deficits. The findings suggest that prenatal HI injury impacts spinal sensory pathways in addition to the more well-established disruptions to descending motor circuits.


MONDO:0006685


MONDO:0006685

Non-peptidergic nociceptive afferent arborization

increases overlap with peptidergic afferents


UMLS:C0090388

The study found that the scaffolding protein 14-3-3γ mediates the long-term inhibition of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling in peripheral pain-sensing neurons. This inhibition is a potential barrier for the development of peripherally-restricted KOR agonists that produce analgesia. The protein 14-3-3γ is upregulated in peripheral sensory neurons following activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) with the KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI). Knockdown of 14-3-3γ eliminates the long-term reduction in KOR-mediated cAMP signaling by norBNI in peripheral sensory neurons. Overexpression of 14-3-3γ in KOR expressing CHO cells prevented KOR-mediated inhibition of cAMP signaling.


UMLS:C0248813


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44326617


UMLS:C0090388

inhibits when overexpressed in KOR expressing CHO cells


UMLS:C0063684

more sensitive to in context of migraine-like behaviors

The study reviews the pharmacology of the calcitonin peptide family of receptors and their relationship to migraine and current migraine therapies. The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its signaling are used in clinical treatments for migraine. However, the study suggests that other peptides in the calcitonin family, such as amylin and adrenomedullin, may also be linked to migraine. The study also suggests that females may be more sensitive to amylin and CGRP in the context of migraine-like behaviors. The study emphasizes that receptors related to, but distinct from, the canonical CGRP receptor may represent underappreciated and novel drug targets.


UMLS:C0006669


UMLS:C3850156

The paper discusses the role of interoception in maintaining physiological status and metabolic homeostasis. It highlights that skeletal metabolism is tightly regulated by the nervous system and that skeletal interoception regulates bone homeostasis. The study also discusses the effects of interoception on the skeleton and whole-body metabolism, and its regulation in the context of pathological conditions and skeletal pain.


UMLS:C3850156


UBERON:0001016


NCBIGene:490404

The study found that deleting the Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase A (TrkA) in sensory neurons of mice eliminates pain associated with Osteoarthritis (OA). This is achieved through the intervention of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)/TrkA in peripheral sensitization.


NCBIGene:490404


UMLS:C0027752


EFO:0009510

The study found that peripheral nerve injury sensitizes a complex network of spinal cord dorsal horn neurons, leading to allodynia and neuropathic pain. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor-expressing interneuron (Y1-IN) population is identified as a potential target for drug development. The study showed that nerve injury enhanced the excitability of Y1-INs and caused allodynia and affective pain. The study also found that chemogenetic inhibition of Y1-INs or intrathecal administration of a Y1-selective agonist reduced allodynia. The deletion of Npy1r in dorsal horn neurons prevented the anti-hyperalgesic effects of the intrathecal Y1 agonist, suggesting that spinal Y1-INs are necessary for the behavioral symptoms of neuropathic pain.


EFO:0009510


UMLS:C0384842


UMLS:C0354671


NCBIGene:4886


PR:000006601

The study investigates the role of clathrin-dependent endocytosis in the sensitization of nociceptors and synaptic transmission in spinal nociceptive circuits, which are involved in chronic pain. The researchers found that mRNA encoding dynamin (Dnm) 1 to 3 and adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1), which mediate this endocytosis, were localized to primary sensory neurons in both mice and humans. Inhibiting these proteins reversed symptoms of pain in preclinical models. The study suggests that endocytosis inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic approach for pain treatment.


UMLS:C1310452

Adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1)


PR:000006601


UMLS:C1310452


NCBIGene:102637887

The study investigates the effect of nerve injury-specific long non-coding RNA (NIS-lncRNA) antisense oligonucleotides on neuropathic pain caused by nerve trauma, chemotherapy, or diabetes. The results show that intrathecal injection of NIS-lncRNA antisense oligonucleotides mitigates neuropathic pain without causing cellular toxicity. This is achieved by blocking the increased expression of NIS-lncRNA and C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and reducing hyperactivities of neurons and astrocytes in the spinal cord dorsal horn. The findings suggest potential clinical application of NIS-lncRNA antisense oligonucleotides for neuropathic pain management.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:16197676


NCBIGene:102637887


UMLS:C4723949

The study investigates the feasibility and acceptability of a smartphone application with an electronic headache diary and a progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) intervention for people with migraines. The results showed that the app was used frequently and was well-received by the participants. The use of the app was associated with a decrease in migraine disability and an increase in headache-free days. More frequent use of PMR was associated with more headache-free days.


UMLS:C0454043


NCBITaxon:78354


UMLS:C0028683

The study conducted a retrospective analysis of a quality improvement project that implemented individualized care plans for high healthcare-utilizing patients with sickle cell disease (SCD)-related pain. The results showed that the duration of hospitalization significantly decreased by 1.23 days without worsening pain intensity scores. The 7-day readmission rate decreased by 34%, and the use of intravenous hydromorphone decreased by 25%. The potential cost saving was $1,398,827 due to this initiative. The study suggests that individualized care plans are a promising strategy for managing acute pain crisis in adult sickle cell patients.


UMLS:C0028683


NCBIGene:4988

The study found that a single haplotype, tagged by rs10485058, in the OPRM1 gene's 3' untranslated region was significantly associated with the efficacy of methadone in treating opioid dependence. Patients with the A/A genotype at rs10485058 were less likely to have opioid-positive urine drug screens than those with the A/G and G/G genotypes. This genotype also predicted self-reported relapse rates in an independent population of Australian patients of European descent receiving opioid substitution therapy. In silico analysis predicted that miR-95-3p would interact with the G, but not the A allele of rs10485058, suggesting a potential mechanism for the observed pharmacogenetic effect.


UMLS:C4554368


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:16204582


UMLS:C3661131


UMLS:C4324621

Extended-release injection naltrexone (XR-NTX)

The study investigates the rate of relapse in opioid use disorder patients after short term inpatient treatment and withdrawal from opioids without follow-up medication assisted treatment (MAT). The study found that relapse rates were high across all treatment settings, but were particularly high in short term inpatient treatment. However, the use of extended-release injection naltrexone (XR-NTX) showed a modest protective effect against relapse across all settings.


UMLS:C4324621


CHEBI:30879

The study investigates the relationship between sex risk behaviors and substance use severity among men undergoing substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. The findings suggest that changes in sex risk behaviors coincide with changes in drug/alcohol use severity. Decreased alcohol severity was associated with a decrease in reported sex partners, while increased alcohol severity was associated with an increase in reported sex partners. Increasing drug use severity was associated with maintaining and initiating sex with a high-risk partner. However, changes in drug/alcohol use severity were not associated with changes in unprotected sex. The study emphasizes the need for interventions that address the intersection of sex risk behaviors and substance use in SUD treatment settings.


UMLS:C0871529


UMLS:C0038586

may increase risk due to associated behaviors


UMLS:C0239059

The study found that cigarette smoking is prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS who also abuse alcohol and/or illicit substances. The research evaluated whether smoking predicts virologic non-suppression and low CD4 count during a one-year follow-up in medically hospitalized, substance-using people living with HIV/AIDS. The results showed that non-smokers were significantly more likely to achieve viral suppression compared to smokers. There was also a significant smoking-by-time interaction for CD4 cell count, with smokers less likely to have a low CD4 count at baseline and 6-month follow-up, but more likely to have a low CD4 count at 12-month follow-up. This suggests that smoking may affect immunological functioning in HIV-infected substance users.


UMLS:C0239059


UMLS:C0683476

The study investigated the effect of a contingency management (CM) intervention targeting methamphetamine (MA) use on cigarette smoking. The study found that tobacco smoking participants who received CM targeting MA use were 140% more likely to submit a smoking-negative breath sample relative to standard psychosocial treatment during the treatment period.


UMLS:C0683476


UMLS:C3244484

The study compared the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX), an opioid antagonist, and sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX), a partial opioid agonist, in preventing opioid relapse. The results showed that it was more difficult to initiate patients on XR-NTX than BUP-NX, which negatively affected overall relapse. However, once initiated, both medications were equally safe and effective. The study suggests that future work should focus on facilitating induction to XR-NTX and on improving treatment retention for both medications.


UMLS:C1169989


UMLS:C3244484


NCBIGene:47173

The paper discusses the differences in substance use disorders (SUDs) between men and women. It highlights that the prevalence of SUDs is narrowing between the genders, emphasizing the need to understand the biological and sociocultural differences that contribute to SUDs. Biological differences include variations in brain structure and function, endocrine function, and metabolic function. Gender roles also play a part in the initiation and progression of substance use and SUDs. Women often face more severe medical, psychiatric, and functional consequences associated with SUDs, but treatment outcomes do not significantly differ between men and women. The paper calls for more research into hormonal factors in SUDs and gender differences in understudied populations.


UMLS:C0032804


UMLS:C1513114


UMLS:C0678896


UMLS:C4714891


UMLS:C0282559


UMLS:C0017078

The study analyzed the cognitive profiles of adults seeking treatment for substance use disorders at various community-based facilities. The cognitive performance of five primary substance subgroups (alcohol, cocaine, stimulants, opioids, marijuana) was compared. The study found that half of the total sample showed impairment in cognitive flexibility and reasoning, and over one-third had impairment in verbal learning and memory. Stimulant and cocaine users showed significantly greater clinical impairment in attention and mental control compared to alcohol and opioid users. Cocaine users showed the greatest overall impairment, although these were not statistically different from other subgroups. The study confirmed a high prevalence of significant cognitive dysfunction across all substance use categories among treatment-seeking adults.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:446220


UMLS:C0150359

The study used latent class analyses (LCA) to identify patterns of substance use and arrest histories among people living with HIV (PLWH). Five classes of substance users and three classes of arrest history were identified. Demographic variables such as age and ethnicity were associated with class membership for some of the latent classes. Participation in substance use treatment was significantly associated with membership in all classes in both substance use and arrest history LCA models. The findings suggest that HIV intervention strategies may need to consider these nuanced differences.


EFO:0000246


UMLS:C0015031


UMLS:C0451487

Self-report Concise Associated Symptoms Tracking Scale (CAST-SR)

Symptoms (irritability, anxiety, panic, insomnia)

The study reevaluated the psychometrics of the self-report Concise Associated Symptoms Tracking Scale (CAST-SR) in a new sample of individuals with stimulant use disorder receiving aerobic exercise or health education interventions. The study found that the CAST-SR is a reliable and valid measure for tracking symptoms of irritability, anxiety, panic, and insomnia in this population. However, the mania factor did not load in this sample. The study also found that the factor structure of the CAST-SR only loaded in participants who were prescribed antidepressant medication.


UMLS:C0003289

Self-report Concise Associated Symptoms Tracking Scale (CAST-SR)


UMLS:C4237318


MESH:D016578

The study aimed to understand the profile of treatment-seeking crack-dependent individuals in Brazil. The study found that the majority of these individuals were male, unemployed, homeless, and had low levels of education. They had been using crack for an average of 10 years and most had previously sought treatment for their dependence. Many of the participants also had dependence on other substances, with tobacco and alcohol being the most common. The participants also showed significant psychiatric symptoms and impulsivity, with nearly half showing psychotic symptoms, 90% showing depressive symptoms, and 80% showing anxiety symptoms.


MESH:D016578


MESH:D062789


CHEBI:30879


UMLS:C0150359

This qualitative study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators affecting the implementation of substance use screening in primary care clinics. The study involved interviews with 67 stakeholders, including patients, primary care providers, nurses, and medical assistants. The findings revealed that while there was a consensus on the importance of knowledge of a patient's substance use due to its impacts on health and medical care, there were several barriers to its implementation. These included concerns about confidentiality, lack of clinical knowledge and training, time pressure, lack of resources, and difficulty accessing addiction treatment. Most participants agreed that primary care providers should play a key role in substance use screening and interventions.


UMLS:C0150359


CHEBI:30879

The study analyzed data from 2000 adult primary care patients to understand the prevalence and patterns of multiple substance use disorders (SUDs). The study found that multiple SUDs were common among participants with alcohol, cannabis, prescription opioids, cocaine, and heroin use disorders. Factors such as being male, aged 26-34, less educated, and unemployed were associated with increased odds of having multiple SUDs. The study also identified three classes of patients based on their SUDs prevalence. The findings suggest that primary care physicians should consider the possibility of multiple SUDs when planning treatment, especially for certain demographic groups.


UMLS:C0678449


UMLS:C5425812


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


NCBIGene:914317


UMLS:C3264555


UMLS:C0524325


UMLS:C0559476


UMLS:C0032804

more likely to use during buprenorphine/naloxone clinical trial

The study found sex differences in opioid use during a buprenorphine/naloxone clinical trial. Women were more likely than men to use opioids during the trial, and medical issues were positively related to opioid use during treatment for women. No such associations were found for men. The study suggests that addressing medical problems during opioid replacement therapy may benefit women.


UMLS:C0032804

positively related to opioid use during treatment


UMLS:C2936530

may benefit when addressing medical problems


UMLS:C0038586

The paper discusses the current standards for establishing a clinically meaningful outcome in substance use disorder (SUD) trials. It suggests that sustained abstinence is not the only end-point for pharmacotherapy trials for most SUDs, except alcohol. The paper argues that the field of SUDs should include measures of negative psychosocial and health consequences of drug use, rather than overall functioning, to establish meaningful non-abstinence-based end-points.


UMLS:C0013216


UMLS:C0038586


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper discusses the opioid epidemic in the U.S., particularly affecting American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). The National Institute on Drug Abuse held a meeting to discuss the use of medication assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorders (OUDs) in these communities. Five themes emerged from the meeting, including the conflict between Western medicine and AI/AN traditional healing, the need to integrate MAT into traditional healing, the desire for medicine-free healing, systemic barriers, and the need for culturally relevant research methods. The paper suggests implementation strategies for successful adoption of MAT in AI/AN communities, including choice of medication, educational interventions, care coordination, and psychosocial counseling. A community-based participatory research approach is recommended to integrate Western and Indigenous worldviews.


UMLS:C4722499


UMLS:C0443324


UMLS:C1948133


UMLS:C0086912


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:446220

The study investigates factors influencing long-term opioid abstinence in adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) who were treated with either methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone. It was found that 33.2% of the participants achieved 5-year abstinence from heroin, and 20.7% remained abstinent from both heroin and other opioids. Factors positively associated with abstinence included older age at first opioid use, lower impulsivity, longer duration of treatment for OUD, and greater social support. Conversely, cocaine users, injection drug users, Hispanics, and those treated in clinics on the West Coast were less likely to achieve 5-year abstinence.


UMLS:C5424598


RXCUI:863844

The study examined gender differences in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) who were receiving inpatient services and participating in a trial comparing extended-release naltrexone to buprenorphine. The findings revealed that women were younger, more likely to identify as bisexual, live with a sexual partner, be financially dependent, and less likely to be employed. Women also reported greater psychiatric comorbidity and risk behaviors, and a shorter duration but similar age of onset of opioid use. The study suggests that interventions targeting these disparities should be explored, as women may face complicated treatment initiation, retention, and recovery.


UMLS:C4324621

The study analyzed national trends and characteristics of inpatient detoxification for drug use disorders (DUDs) in the United States from 2003 to 2011. It was found that there was no significant yearly change in the rate of inpatient drug-detoxification hospitalizations during this period. The majority of these patients were aged 35-64 years, males, and those on Medicaid. Only 13% received detoxification plus rehabilitation during inpatient care, and up to 14% were discharged against medical advice (DAMA). The most common diagnoses were opioid use disorder (OUD; 75%) and non-addiction mental health disorders (48%). Being on Medicaid and having OUD were associated with decreased odds of receiving detoxification plus rehabilitation, as well as increased odds of DAMA.


UMLS:C4324621


MONDO:0002025


UMLS:C0814770

positively influences treatment engagement

The study investigates the use of financial incentives in Project HOPE, a program that combines patient navigation and contingency management to engage HIV-positive patients with HIV and substance use treatment. The study found that patient navigators believed financial incentives were effective in motivating participant attendance at navigation sessions, especially early in the study, and positively influenced targeted HIV health-related behaviors. However, the use of contingency management for substance use-related behaviors was more complex, and not all participants responded the same way to the incentives.


UMLS:C0814770

complex influence on treatment engagement


UMLS:C0596657

The study found that the introduction of Oregon's Coordinated Care Organization (CCO) model and Medicaid expansion led to an increase in treatment entry rates for alcohol use disorders from 35% in 2010 to 41% in 2015. The number of Medicaid enrollees diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder increased by about 150% from 10,360 in 2013 to 25,454 in 2014 following Medicaid expansion. The percentage of individuals with an alcohol use disorder who were prescribed medication to support recovery also increased from 2.3% in 2010 to 3.8% in 2015.


UMLS:C0025071


UMLS:C1171411


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the development of a quality improvement framework for the treatment of opioid use disorder in emergency departments. This framework was developed by experts from the National Institute on Drug Abuse's Center for the Clinical Trials Network, the American College of Emergency Physicians' Clinical Emergency Data Registry, and other federal agencies. The framework includes structural, process, and outcome measures to guide policy, research, and clinical quality improvement in the context of the opioid epidemic.


UMLS:C1513885

National Institute on Drug Abuse's Center for the Clinical Trials Network


UMLS:C1527272

American College of Emergency Physicians' Clinical Emergency Data Registry


UMLS:C4300442

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

The study compared the effectiveness of extended-release injectable suspension naltrexone (XR-naltrexone) and oral naltrexone, both combined with behavioral therapy, in treating opioid use disorder. The results showed that patients treated with XR-naltrexone had twice the rate of treatment retention at 6 months compared to those treated with oral naltrexone. This suggests that XR-naltrexone combined with behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for patients seeking opioid withdrawal and nonagonist treatment for preventing relapse to opioid use disorder.


UMLS:C4282509


UMLS:C0579049


UMLS:C2090922


UMLS:C3244484

Extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX)

The study estimates the costs of providing extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX) and buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) following inpatient detoxification for opioid use disorders. The costs were derived from a multisite randomized controlled trial at 8 US community-based treatment programs. The mean start-up costs were $1071 per program for XR-NTX and $828 per program for BUP-NX. The mean costs per participant were $5416 for XR-NTX and $4148 for BUP-NX. The costs associated with medication management visits may be a barrier for some individuals considering these treatments.


MESH:D062789

The study found that opioid misuse or opioid use disorder (OUD) is more common among tobacco users, particularly those who are male, unemployed, or polydrug users. The data was collected from 2000 adult primary care patients across 5 clinics. Among past-year tobacco users, the prevalence of opioid misuse and OUD was 14.0% and 9.5%, respectively. Three subgroups of tobacco users were identified: a tobacco-minimal drug use group, a tobacco-cannabis use group, and a tobacco-opioid/polydrug use group.


MESH:D062789


UMLS:C0678449


UMLS:C4505456

The study aimed to improve the prediction model for 30-day hospital readmissions among HIV-positive substance users. The researchers found that the inclusion of sociobehavioral variables, such as food insecurity and readiness for substance use treatment, significantly improved the prediction model's performance. This suggests that social determinants play a crucial role in readmission risk and should be considered in the model.


UMLS:C0033882


UMLS:C3494174


UMLS:C3693402


UMLS:C2936611

The study investigates the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the proportion of discharge against medical advice (DAMA) among hospitalizations due to substance use disorders (SUDs). The data was drawn from the 2012-2015 National Inpatient Samples. The study found that approximately 11% of SUD-involved hospitalizations were DAMA, with the highest frequency found among hospitalizations for primary opioid use disorder. Despite the increase in Medicaid coverage after ACA enactment, there was no significant change in the proportion of DAMA before and after ACA periods across various demographic groups and clinical conditions.


UMLS:C0038586


UMLS:C2936611


UMLS:C0027561

The study investigated the impact of an internet-based version of the community reinforcement approach (CRA) plus contingency management on the social functioning of individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders. The study found no significant association between the treatment and overall social functioning or any subscale scores. However, being male was significantly associated with better social functioning at the end of treatment, and higher levels of psychological distress at baseline predicted worse social functioning at the end of treatment. The internet-based CRA did not result in greater improvements in social functioning compared to standard outpatient care after 12 weeks of treatment.


UMLS:C3813622


HP:0032941


UMLS:C3898714


UMLS:C4061916

The study investigated the impact of medical mistrust on the health outcomes of 801 individuals with uncontrolled HIV infection and substance use co-morbidities. It was found that higher levels of physician mistrust, but not medical system mistrust, were associated with longer periods since the last visit to an HIV provider. This longer time since seeing an HIV care provider was linked to higher viral load.


UMLS:C3508153


UMLS:C1883695

The study examined the natural course of prescription opioid use disorder and its treatment over time. The study found that opioid agonist treatment and mutual-help group attendance were most strongly associated with opioid abstinence. Outpatient counseling was not significantly associated with abstinence. The study recommends clinicians to consider both opioid agonist treatment and mutual-help group attendance for patients with opioid use disorder.


UMLS:C0679842


UMLS:C3178745

The study investigates the association between pain catastrophizing and pain-related outcomes in individuals with substance use disorders and chronic pain. Pain catastrophizing refers to the tendency to interpret pain as harmful, intolerable, or uncontrollable. The study found that greater pain catastrophizing was associated with more pain interference, higher levels of craving, more anxiety symptoms, and more days of mood difficulties, adjusted for demographic characteristics and pain severity. This suggests that pain catastrophizing could be a potential therapeutic target to improve substance use treatment outcomes.


UMLS:C3178745


UMLS:C0030705

The study aims to evaluate the impact of implementation facilitation (IF) on the adoption of emergency department (ED)-initiated buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (OUD). The study found that ED-initiated buprenorphine is effective in increasing patient engagement in treatment compared to brief intervention with a facilitated referral or referral alone. The study uses a hybrid type III effectiveness-implementation study design to evaluate the effectiveness of a standard educational dissemination strategy versus IF on implementation and effectiveness outcomes in four urban, academic EDs. The primary analyses compare the baseline evaluation period to the IF evaluation period on rates of provision of ED-initiated buprenorphine by ED providers with referral for ongoing medication and rates of patient engagement in addiction treatment on the 30th day after the ED visit.


UMLS:C0238597

The study investigates the effect of increased regulation of hydrocodone-combination analgesics on opioid prescribing in an urban health care system. The data showed a significant decrease in the probability of providers prescribing hydrocodone-combination prescriptions (HCPs) after the regulation. However, there was a significant increase in the probability of codeine-combination and tramadol prescriptions. Chronic opioid therapy (COT) patients received more opioid prescriptions after the regulation. Despite the decline in HCPs, a third of patients prescribed opioids remained on doses ≥20 MME/day. The study suggests that physicians and health care systems need to reduce their reliance on opioids in treating pain, especially chronic pain.


UMLS:C0238597


UMLS:C0749634


UMLS:C0678449

The study evaluated the effectiveness of integrating care for cannabis and other drug use disorders into primary care. The implementation strategies included practice coaching, electronic health record decision support, and performance feedback. The study found that the proportion of patients diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (CUD) significantly increased after the implementation of the new strategies. However, the proportion of patients treated for newly diagnosed CUDs did not increase. There was a small increase in the treatment of other drug use disorders (DUDs).


UMLS:C4535894


UMLS:C0242883

The study investigates the impact of the implementation of a Syringe Services Program (SSP) on the disposal practices of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Miami, Florida. The results showed a significant decrease in the number of improperly discarded syringes in public places after the implementation of the SSP. The study found a 49% decrease in improperly discarded syringes post-implementation, and the adjusted relative risk of improper syringe disposal was 39% lower post-implementation.


UMLS:C0242883


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study reviews pharmacists' attitudes towards dispensing naloxone and medications for opioid use disorder (OUD), such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. The results show that pharmacists generally agree with a naloxone standing order and believe that naloxone should be dispensed to individuals at risk of an opioid overdose. They also support dispensing buprenorphine. However, some pharmacists expressed negative attitudes. The main barriers to implementation include education and training, workflow, and management support.


UMLS:C4505456

The study investigates the impact of financial incentives on substance use abatement in HIV patients with substance use disorders (SUD). The study found that patient navigation with contingency management (PN + CM), where patients could earn financial incentives for entering SUD treatment and for submitting negative samples for opioids, stimulants, and alcohol, resulted in a higher percentage of patients entering SUD treatment and submitting samples for drug testing. Furthermore, up to 58% of those with high rates of engagement in activities were virally suppressed at 6 months in the PN + CM group.


UMLS:C0814770


UMLS:C0150906

This study analyzed the variability of outcomes in a multisite clinical trial for a web-based psychosocial intervention for substance use disorders. The primary outcome was abstinence, and the study found significant variability between sites, with the percentage of patients abstinent in the last 4 weeks of the study ranging from 6.1% to 40%. Patient age, abstinence at baseline, and higher annual clinic admissions were significantly associated with increased likelihood of abstinence. However, when controlling for these variables, only patient age and abstinence at baseline remained significant. The study concluded that variability between sites is a natural phenomenon and recommended that site be modeled as a random factor when analyzing multi-site clinical trials.


UMLS:C3899325


UMLS:C2936216


UMLS:C0338067

The study investigates the factors associated with the initiation of Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) in primary care. The study found that patients with psychiatric diagnoses or tobacco use had higher odds of initiating MAT. However, uninsured, Medicaid, and Medicare patients had lower odds than those commercially insured. Additionally, older patients, non-Hispanic white patients, patients with diabetes, and patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed lower odds of initiation. The study concludes that the addition of behavioral health did not eliminate disparities in care.


UMLS:C0543414


UMLS:C0087134


UMLS:C0025071


UMLS:C0018717


UMLS:C0342302


MONDO:0004979


MONDO:0005002


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095

The study aimed to identify factors associated with buprenorphine treatment utilization over time in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). The study found that approximately 9.3-11.2% of participants utilized buprenorphine treatment over the 2 years of follow-up. The study found that individuals who perceived buprenorphine to be both accessible and acceptable were most likely to use buprenorphine during follow-up. In contrast, individuals who perceived buprenorphine to be unacceptable were least likely to use buprenorphine, regardless of the level of perceived access to the medication. Buprenorphine treatment utilization was also negatively associated with Hispanic ethnicity, West coast context, and cumulative months receiving methadone treatment and incarceration during follow-up.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345

The study examines the experiences and perspectives of emergency personnel in New Hampshire (NH) in treating opioid overdoses, particularly those involving fentanyl-laced heroin. The potency and inconsistency of such drugs were identified as primary drivers of overdose. The increase in overdose-related encounters has led to emotional toll on emergency personnel, with feelings of burnout, exhaustion, and helplessness reported. The personnel expressed mixed feelings about harm reduction strategies like syringe services programs and frustration with barriers to treatment referral. They recommended immediate treatment access after overdose events and interventions addressing trauma and burnout.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study investigates the barriers to the use and acceptance of naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal medication, in New Hampshire, USA. The study was conducted through interviews with opioid users and emergency responders. The main barriers identified were perceptions that increased naloxone availability may enable riskier opioid use and fails to address the underlying causes of addiction. Other barriers included cost, legality, and lack of knowledge regarding distribution locations and indications for use.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study aimed to understand the frequency and intensity of suicidal motivations and perceived overdose risk among individuals admitted for opioid use disorder detoxification/stabilization. The study found that over half of the participants reported some desire to die prior to their most recent opioid overdose, with 36% reporting a strong desire to die and 21% reporting a definite desire to die. Perceptions of overdose risk were also variable, with 30% reporting no likelihood of overdose and 13% reporting a high likelihood. The study concludes that suicidal motivation prior to opioid overdose is common and falls along a continuum of severity.


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C4324621

The study reports on the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and its treatment with buprenorphine among primary care patients in six large health systems in the U.S. The study found that among 1,368,604 primary care patients, 1.0% had documented OUD, and among these, 21.0% had OUD treatment with buprenorphine. The study also found disparities in OUD treatment across demographic and clinical characteristics, with less buprenorphine treatment among those with greater acute care utilization.


UMLS:C1551345


UMLS:C1626306

The study investigates the factors associated with the initiation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and alcohol use disorder (MAUD) during hospitalization. The study found that past methadone maintenance treatment, homelessness, and partner substance use were positively associated with MOUD/MAUD initiation. However, concurrent methamphetamine use disorder was negatively associated with MOUD/MAUD initiation. The findings suggest that hospitalization may be an opportunity to reach highly-vulnerable people and emphasize the need for hospital-based addictions care.


UMLS:C0237154


UMLS:C0150359


UMLS:C5229802


UMLS:C0683862

The study aimed to identify factors affecting the linkage to care among Persons living with HIV (PLWH) with substance use disorders (SUD). The study found that those who did not complete high school and with severe food insecurity had lower odds of being linked to care at 6 months. High levels of medical mistrust, recent drug use, and lack of high school education were associated with lower odds of early linkage to care. Early linkage was associated with higher odds of engagement at 6 months and was mitigated by both patient navigator interventions.


UMLS:C5549823


UMLS:C2239127


UMLS:C3494323


UMLS:C0683476


UMLS:C4035904

improves screening, identification, and treatment of

The paper discusses the development of a clinical decision support (CDS) algorithm to improve screening, identification, and treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in primary care settings. The CDS algorithm was reviewed and revised by addiction specialists and primary care providers. The authors suggest that a CDS tool for OUD screening, assessment, and treatment within primary care systems may help address the current epidemic of opioid misuse and overdose.


UMLS:C5425812

The study investigates the sources of misused prescription opioids and their association with prescription opioid use disorder (POUD) in the United States, with a focus on sex and age differences. The most common sources of misused prescription opioids were found to be friends/relatives and physicians. Males were more likely to buy opioids from friends/relatives or drug dealers/strangers than females. The study found that buying opioids from drug dealers/strangers was a strong predictor of POUD in both sexes. The study suggests that prevention and treatment programs for POUD should consider sex and developmental age differences in sources of opioids.


UMLS:C0086582

more likely to buy from friends/relatives or drug dealers/strangers


UMLS:C0086287

less likely to buy from friends/relatives or drug dealers/strangers


UMLS:C5425812


UMLS:C4324621

The study investigated the association between medication treatments for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and pain. The study involved a randomized trial of methadone versus buprenorphine/naloxone on 1241 individuals with OUD. The results showed that almost half of the participants reported pain at baseline. However, there was no significant difference in pain improvement between the two treatment arms. Improvement in pain early in treatment was associated with a greater likelihood of retention in treatment.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6321408


EFO:0003843

no significant improvement with treatment


EFO:0003843


EFO:0003843

improvement associated with increased treatment retention


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345

The study investigates the high rates of fentanyl-related overdose deaths in New Hampshire (NH), which are more than three times the national average. The majority of the participants had knowingly used fentanyl, with 70% reporting at least one overdose. Most participants stated that most heroin available in NH was laced with fentanyl, which increased the risk of overdose. Despite acknowledging that fentanyl is the primary cause of overdoses, individuals continue to use it due to high availability and limited access to prevention, treatment, and harm reduction programs. The study suggests that policies targeting innovative prevention, harm reduction, and treatment efforts are needed to address the crisis.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


UMLS:C4546304

The study analyzed electronic health record data from 2013 to 2018 among adults aged ≥18 years in a large academic healthcare system to understand the association of Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) with substance use disorder (SUD). The prevalence of CNCP was 46.6% and any SUD was 11.2%. The majority of patients with a SUD had CNCP. The presence of CNCP was associated with more mental health disorders and chronic medical conditions among each SUD group. CNCP was associated with significantly decreased odds of overdose among those with opioid use disorder but increased odds of overdose and healthcare utilization among other SUDs. The direction and magnitude of the association between CNCP and negative health indicators differed as a function of SUD type and gender.


UMLS:C4546304


UMLS:C4546304

Alcohol or non-opioid drug use disorders


UMLS:C4049978

The study compared the Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) self-report method and Oral Fluid Testing (OFT) for detecting substance use in adult primary care patients. The substances tested included marijuana, heroin, cocaine, and non-medical use of prescription opioids. The overall concordance rates between TLFB and OFT were 94.9% or higher for each substance. However, marijuana was the only substance with lower detection on OFT than self-report. Cocaine, prescription opioids, and heroin all had higher detection via OFT than TLFB. The study suggests that researchers should consider the implications of using either self-report or oral fluid testing in isolation, depending on the substance and collection setting.


UMLS:C2711133


UMLS:C2188839

The study examined patterns of substance use among participants newly enrolled in a syringe services program (SSP) in Florida. A three-class solution was found: Heroin-Dominant class (73.9%), Methamphetamine-Dominant class (9.5%) and Heroin/Cocaine class (16.6%). The Heroin/Cocaine class were more likely to report homelessness, sharing works, unprotected sex, public injection, and to be Hepatitis C (HCV) positive. The Methamphetamine-Dominant class were more likely to be male, Hispanic, gay or bisexual orientation, HIV positive, to report unprotected sex and sex with people who inject drugs (PWID). The lowest and highest syringe coverage were among those in the Heroin/Cocaine and Methamphetamine-Dominant classes, respectively. The study suggests that multi-component, targeted preventive interventions and need-based syringe distribution policies are required to further reduce HIV and HCV risk among various PWID populations.


HP:0033519


UMLS:C3669200

The study investigates the effects of individual counseling, group therapy, and 12-Step participation on illicit opioid abstinence in individuals diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). The study found that hours of individual counseling and 12-Step participation significantly predicted abstinence at follow-up. However, hours of group therapy did not significantly predict illicit opioid abstinence. The study also found that participant age and employment status were significant predictors of illicit opioid abstinence.


UMLS:C0814554


UMLS:C4745101


EFO:0005241


UMLS:C5212541

The "Women and Trauma" Study (WTS) conducted in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN-0015) has significantly contributed to the field of trauma and addictions. The study has increased awareness of the need for a focused approach to treating trauma issues in women with substance use disorders (SUD) and trauma histories. The study has also inspired community treatment programs to train staff to identify and provide trauma-related services. The impact of the study is also evident in the number of citations of its publications.


UMLS:C5212541


UMLS:C5212541

inspired to train staff for trauma-related services


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) has been promoting the translation of evidence-based interventions from substance use disorder (SUD) research into clinical practices. A project was conducted involving CTN-affiliated practice-based research networks (PBRNs) to study aspects of opioid prescribing in primary care. The study found that 22.9% of adult patients were prescribed opioid medications, and 52.1% of those were also prescribed a sedative in the same year. The study also found that 98.1% of practices had formal written treatment agreements for chronic opioid therapy, but only 24.1% were providing buprenorphine for OUD. The results highlight the need for interventions and additional policies addressing opioid prescribing in primary care practice.


UMLS:C0036557


UMLS:C0595621

The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) has been utilizing digital technologies to better understand and treat substance use disorders (SUDs). This includes the use of digital screeners for SUDs in general medical settings, a multi-site clinical trial that led to the first "prescription digital therapeutic" authorized by the FDA for SUD treatment, the use of telehealth for SUD treatment in rural and under-resourced communities, and the detection of cocaine-taking behavior via smartwatch sensing. The CTN has also conducted clinical trials entirely online and is working on identifying digital biomarkers and understanding the clinical trajectories of individuals receiving medications for opioid use disorder (OUD).


UMLS:C1328956

used to treat in rural and under-resourced communities


UMLS:C1154599


UMLS:C3856946

digital health technologies and data analytics

used to understand clinical trajectories


UMLS:C0038586

The study investigates the impact of substance use disorders (SUDs) on the use of primary care services and outcomes of chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. The study found that patients with SUDs and co-occurring chronic conditions visited providers more frequently and were more likely to be prescribed opioid medications. However, the outcomes of their chronic conditions were not different from patients without SUDs. Despite the higher visit rates, most patients with SUDs and chronic conditions did not see co-located behavioral health providers. The study suggests that care pathway innovations for SUDs that include greater utilization of evidence-informed co-treatment of SUDs and chronic conditions within primary care settings may be necessary for improving care overall for patients with comorbid SUDs and chronic conditions.


UMLS:C0038586


UMLS:C2362543

The study conducted a Health IT survey within the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network to assess the completeness and structure of data from electronic health records (EHRs) for substance use disorders (SUDs) research. The survey revealed that all surveyed facilities used EHRs, with 17 different platforms or vendors identified. However, 76.5% of facilities also used paper records for clinical care, and 17.6% used a separate EHR for behavioral health care, including SUD care. The study highlights the need for further development, integration, and standardization of EHRs, particularly for SUD treatment, to facilitate research across different healthcare systems.


UMLS:C0018762


UMLS:C0815183


UMLS:C3472691

The study analyzed the administration of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) during hospitalization in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). It was found that few admissions received OAT, and when provided, it was most often for withdrawal management. The frequency of OAT delivery varied across hospitals. Patients with pre-admission OAT, acute opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis, and male gender had increased odds of OAT receipt. Patients who received non-OAT opioids or underwent surgical procedures had decreased odds of OAT receipt. Large and medium-sized hospitals were more likely to provide OAT.


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C2717941


UMLS:C0871685

The study investigates the readiness of emergency department (ED) clinicians to initiate buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). The findings suggest that only a small percentage of clinicians are ready to initiate such treatment. Barriers to readiness include lack of training and experience, concerns about ongoing care, and competing needs for ED resources. Facilitators include education and training, development of local protocols, and feedback on patient experiences and care quality gaps.


UMLS:C0868958


UMLS:C4324621

The study examined the differences in clinical characteristics between emerging adults (≤25 years) and older adults (26+ years) with opioid use disorder (OUD). It was found that the differences were similar across genders. However, women aged 26+ years reported more mental health problems compared to women aged ≤25, while men aged ≤25 years reported more mental health problems compared to men aged 26+ years. The study suggests that different strategies for OUD treatment may be necessary to address psychiatric comorbidities that differ across genders.


UMLS:C5425880


UMLS:C0079379


RXCUI:863844


MONDO:0002009

The study found that a lifetime diagnosis of major depressive disorder was the best predictor of successful opioid use outcome in the Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study (POATS). The study also found that while depressive symptoms decreased significantly throughout treatment, this improvement was not associated with opioid outcomes. Reporting a goal of opioid abstinence at treatment entry was also not associated with outcomes. However, mutual-help group participation was associated with good treatment outcomes. Despite these findings, a history of depression remained associated with good opioid outcomes.


UMLS:C0235876

improvement not associated with use outcome


UMLS:C1169989


MONDO:0002009


UMLS:C2193864

The study examined the effects of initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the hospital for persons living with HIV and substance use disorder (SUD). It was found that initiating ART in the hospital was associated with increased linkage to HIV care and frequency of outpatient care visits at 6 and 12 months. However, there was no association between hospital ART initiation and retention and viral suppression over a 12-month period. The study suggests that starting ART in the hospital is beneficial for increasing linkage to HIV care and frequency of visits for PLWH and SUD.


UMLS:C2193864


UMLS:C4324621

The study investigates the prevalence of multiple drug use disorders (DUDs) among inpatient hospitalizations in the United States. Data from the 2016 National Inpatient Sample showed that approximately 50.1% of drug-involved hospitalizations had multiple DUD diagnoses. Opioid use disorder accounted for 58.6% of these hospitalizations, with 51.2% of these having multiple DUD diagnoses. The most common secondary DUD diagnoses among opioid-involved hospitalizations were cocaine, cannabis, and sedatives. Factors such as being aged 18-25 years, living in low-income areas, and having a secondary diagnosis of mental disorders or tobacco/alcohol use disorder were associated with increased odds of having multiple DUD diagnoses.


UMLS:C4324621


RXCUI:378762

The study compared the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) in treating opioid use disorder (OUD) among Black adults. The results showed no significant preference for either treatment. However, only 59.5% of those assigned to XR-NTX successfully started the medication compared to 91.6% for BUP-NX. No significant differences were found in treatment retention or relapse rates between the two groups. Despite a significant initiation hurdle with XR-NTX, both medications were similar in effectiveness once started, but dropout rates were high.


UMLS:C0021686

The study aimed to predict the occurrence of opioid use disorder (OUD) in 25-year-olds based on data collected when they were 16. The researchers used two measures: the transmissible liability index (TLI), which measures heritable risk, and the consumption frequency index (CFI), which documents substance use events. The study found that the TLI and CFI at 16 years of age could predict OUD at 25 years with 86% accuracy. These measures also mediated the association between parental substance use disorder and OUD in offspring, indicating their effectiveness in evaluating risk and prodrome.


UMLS:C0429625


UMLS:C0021686


UMLS:C5209216

The paper discusses the Stepped Care for Opioid Use Disorder Train the Trainer (SCOUTT) Initiative, which was launched by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to increase access to Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) within non-SUD care settings. MOUD, which includes methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, is the gold standard treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Despite its effectiveness, only a third of all Veterans diagnosed with OUD received MOUD by 2017. The SCOUTT Initiative aims to increase MOUD prescribing in VHA primary care, mental health, and pain clinics by training providers on how to provide MOUD and facilitating its implementation.


UMLS:C5209216

Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD)


UMLS:C5209216


UMLS:C4763569

Stepped Care for Opioid Use Disorder Train the Trainer (SCOUTT) Initiative


MONDO:0100096

The paper discusses the effectiveness of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD), such as methadone and buprenorphine, in treating Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and reducing overdose risk. However, the treatment rates remain low in the US, and access to such treatments is becoming increasingly difficult due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper suggests that community pharmacies could be a solution to this problem, as they have been in Canada, Australia, and Europe. However, US pharmacists are currently not allowed to prescribe MOUD and can only dispense methadone for pain treatment, not OUD. The paper calls for policy changes to allow US pharmacists to prescribe and dispense MOUD.


UMLS:C0009479


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10836

The study examined the presence of methamphetamine in toxicology tests among outpatients in Boston, Massachusetts over a 6-year period. The study found that the presence of methamphetamine, cocaine, and fentanyl in oral fluid samples increased over the study period, while the presence of 6-MAM, a metabolite of heroin, decreased. In 2019, 15.7% of samples had fentanyl present. Polysubstance use was common, with 44% of samples with methamphetamine also showing cocaine or benzoylecgonine, 25% showed fentanyl, and 3% showed 6-MAM presence.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:446220


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:123420816


UMLS:C0013642

The study investigates the dental care utilization of people living with HIV (PLWH) who also have substance use disorders. The study found that over half of the participants did not receive any dental care. Factors such as lower education, lack of health insurance, and living in Southern states were associated with lower odds of dental care utilization. Interestingly, higher food insecurity was associated with recent dental care utilization.


UMLS:C0021682


UMLS:C1710135


UMLS:C3494174


UMLS:C4324621

The study examined the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) who were seeking treatment. The participants were divided into two groups: those responsive to pharmacotherapy (82.3%) and those sensitive to characteristics (17.7%). The pharmacotherapy responsive group showed short-term HRQoL improvement and stability over time, with a positive association between HRQoL and receiving pharmacotherapy in the past 30 days. The characteristic sensitive group showed initial HRQoL improvement with a gradual decline over time, with no significant HRQoL response to pharmacotherapy. The study suggests that while pharmacotherapy can improve and sustain HRQoL for many individuals with OUD, a subpopulation may require additional services that address socioeconomic and psychosocial issues to achieve HRQoL benefits.


UMLS:C0013216


UMLS:C0748878


UMLS:C4720855


UMLS:C5188640

The study found that 38% of emergency department patients with untreated opioid use disorder also used amphetamine-type stimulants. These patients were younger, more likely to be white, unemployed, have unstable housing, have a history of incarceration, be hepatitis C positive, and have reported drug injection in the month prior to the study. They were also less likely to have cocaine-positive urine tests and to seek treatment for substance use problems. The study suggests the need for improved screening, intervention, and referral protocols for these patients.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10836


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3007


UMLS:C5574372


UMLS:C4047962

The study examined the relative costs of different initial treatment strategies for newly diagnosed opioid use disorder (OUD). The six treatment pathways considered were Inpatient Detox/Rehabilitation Treatment Center, Behavioral Health Intensive, Methadone or Buprenorphine, Naltrexone, Behavioral Health Outpatient Services, and No Treatment. The study found that 94.8% of individuals received treatment within 90 days of diagnosis. The costs were lower for buprenorphine/methadone, naltrexone, and behavioral health outpatient, while costs were higher for inpatient detox.


UMLS:C4035239


UMLS:C0086751


NCBIGene:23889113

The study aimed to determine if gene variants in the opioid gene system are associated with better or worse treatment response in opioid use disorder (OUD). The treatments evaluated were sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) and extended-release injection naltrexone (XR-NTX). Four opioid gene variants were evaluated: mu opioid receptor 118A>G, 68-bp repeat in prodynorphin, prodynorphin SNP rs910080, and kappa opioid receptor SNP rs6473797. The study found no significant effects of gene variant on receiving first dose or last dose, and no significant gene variant by treatment interactions. The researchers concluded that the outcome of OUD treatment with medications is likely a complex function of multiple factors, including environmental, psychosocial, and possibly genetic.


NCBIGene:37511


NCBIGene:780448


UMLS:C4324621

The study analyzed the effectiveness of medications for opioid use disorder in young adults (18-25 years) compared to older adults (≥26 years). The trial used extended-release naltrexone or sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone for 6 months. The results showed that young adults had higher relapse rates (70.3%) compared to older adults (58.2%). The study suggests that young adults may have vulnerabilities that increase their risk for treatment dropout and medication nonadherence, indicating a need for specialized, developmentally informed interventions.


UMLS:C4324621


NCIT:C159950


NCBITaxon:3482

The paper discusses the growing interest in using cannabis and cannabinoids for treating opioid use disorder (OUD). However, the evidence supporting this treatment is currently weak and does not justify listing cannabis or cannabinoids as a treatment for OUD. The authors suggest that further research is needed to explore the potential therapeutic applications of cannabis and cannabinoids in treating OUD, and that this research should be conducted with the same rigor as for all pharmaceutical products. Until more research is available, policy makers and clinicians should not portray cannabis and cannabinoids as evidence-based treatments for OUD.


CHEBI:67196


UMLS:C0678449

The study found that self-reported frequency of cannabis or other drug use was associated with subsequent acute care. Patients who reported using cannabis less than monthly or daily had a greater risk of acute care during follow-up than those reporting no use. Similarly, patients reporting other drug use less than monthly, weekly, or daily had a greater risk of acute care than those reporting no other drug use. The study suggests that population-based screening for cannabis and other drug use in primary care may help understand the risk of subsequent acute care.


UMLS:C3653917


UMLS:C0458264

The study explores the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (PRP) in treating chronic pain and preventing opioid misuse. Data from 60 patients with various chronic pain conditions were evaluated for changes in pain, functioning, psychological symptoms, and health-related quality of life. The study found significant improvements in all outcomes, with a reduction in opioid use from 58% of patients at entry to 15% at discharge. The study supports PRP as an effective treatment for chronic pain and a preventive measure for reducing opioid-related risk.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


UMLS:C2142990


UMLS:C1321165

Substance Use Intervention Team (SUIT) consultation service

The study investigates the impact of Addiction medicine consultation services (ACS) on the length of stay and discharge outcomes of hospitalized patients with substance use disorders (SUD). The study found that patients with SUD who received ACS had a shorter length of stay and a higher likelihood of routine discharge compared to those who did not receive ACS.


UMLS:C1321165


UMLS:C0038586

Substance Use Intervention Team (SUIT) consultation service


UMLS:C3244484

The study found that extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) is as safe and effective as sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) for treating opioid use disorder (OUD). However, initiating XR-NTX treatment is more difficult due to the detoxification hurdle. Patient-identified barriers to initiating XR-NTX treatment include unfamiliarity with antagonist treatment and ambivalence. Once initiated, XR-NTX is perceived as an effective treatment for maintaining abstinence from opioids, with its once-monthly dosing and no physical dependence being appealing to patients.


RXCUI:378762


GO:0098754


UMLS:C1096489


RXCUI:863844

The study aimed to understand participants' perceptions of their assigned treatment in a clinical trial examining the use of extended-release naltrexone versus usual treatment for substance use disorders. The study found that while participants generally had a positive experience, they also held or developed apprehensions and misperceptions about the study medication. Some participants felt a lack of control and uneasiness about their assigned treatment, while others perceived their treatment as ineffective or as a cure-all for substance use disorders. The findings highlight the need for better participant education about the nature of interventions and the potential of ongoing consent processes.


RXCUI:863844


UMLS:C3702368

The study investigates the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a non-invasive treatment for chronic pain in opiate users. The researchers compared the effects of TMS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the motor cortex (MC) in 22 individuals with chronic pain who were using prescription opiates. The results showed that MC stimulation significantly decreased pain interference more than DLPFC stimulation. Both sites had comparable effects on stress, pain, and discomfort, but MC stimulation had larger effects on pain interference and the urge to use opiates. This suggests that the MC may be a promising target for decreasing opiate dependence and pain interference among chronic pain patients.


UMLS:C3702368


UMLS:C1402286


UMLS:C4019080


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper reviews the trends in opioid overdose rates in the United States from 1999 to 2018, attributing the rise of the overdose epidemic to the proliferation of opioid prescribing for chronic pain, changes in the heroin and illegally manufactured opioid synthetics markets, and social factors such as deindustrialization and concentrated poverty. The study also discusses how policies aimed at addressing the overdose epidemic may have reduced prescription opioid overdoses but increased overdoses involving illegal opioids. The paper suggests new research directions to understand the causes and solutions to this public health problem.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


UMLS:C1875254


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

The study evaluated a hospital-wide Substance Use Disorder (SUD) initiative over 5 years, which included an inpatient addiction consult team, Bridge Clinic, recovery coaches, and office-based addiction treatment nurses. The initiative saw 7,036 unique patients, with alcohol use disorder being the most common (62%), followed by opioid use disorder (54%). Co-occurring medical and psychiatric illnesses were common, with 35% having hepatitis C, 59% depression, 66% anxiety, and 13% schizophrenia. The initiative effectively initiated SUD pharmacotherapy with naltrexone and buprenorphine, with medication treatment episodes being longer with buprenorphine.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515


UMLS:C0030679

The paper discusses the development and early results of the Vulnerable Veteran Innovative Patient-Aligned Care Team (VIP) Initiative, a primary care model designed to address the needs of vulnerable patients in the Veterans Health Administration. The VIP model aims to manage substance use disorders, mental illness, social determinants of poor health, and complexities in care resulting from the co-occurrence of these conditions in a single, integrated primary care environment. The paper suggests that the VIP model holds promise as a novel approach to improve care for patients with addiction and other vulnerabilities.


UMLS:C0030679


UMLS:C4324621

The study analyzed the characteristics of emergency department (ED) patients with untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) and their interest in referral to substance use treatment. The data was collected from four EDs in Baltimore, New York City, Cincinnati, or Seattle. The study found that most patients with untreated OUD were not seeking a referral to substance use treatment. Those seeking a referral were less likely to have urine toxicology testing positive for amphetamine and methamphetamine.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3007


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10836


MONDO:0100096

necessitated changes in take-home policies of

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated significant changes in methadone take-home policies in opioid treatment programs (OTPs). These changes have affected clinical decision-making, equity in patient care, and workflow. The implications for medical ethics and patient autonomy are also discussed. The paper suggests future research to examine the impact of COVID-19 on OTP treatment and its patients, and the effect of making methadone take-home policies patient-centered.


MONDO:0100096


UMLS:C3244484

The study conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial comparing extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) treatment for opioid use disorder. The analysis was based on urine testing data for non-study opioids from the last 22 weeks of the 24-week trial. The results suggested that XR-NTX appeared to be somewhat more effective than BUP-NX in reducing illicit opioid use in the per-protocol sample.


RXCUI:378762


UMLS:C0679712

used to understand and mitigate impact of COVID-19 on

The paper discusses the unique challenges faced by individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. It suggests the use of the social ecological model (SEM) to understand the interplay of individual, network, community, structural, and pandemic-level factors that can increase the risk of infection and associated morbidity and mortality for these individuals. The model can also guide research and implementation of interventions to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on individuals with OUD.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

The study investigated the efficacy and safety of extended-release injectable naltrexone (380 mg every 3 weeks) plus oral extended-release bupropion (450 mg per day) in adults with moderate or severe methamphetamine use disorder. The results showed that the response rate was low but higher in the naltrexone-bupropion group than in the placebo group. Adverse events with naltrexone-bupropion included gastrointestinal disorders, tremor, malaise, hyperhidrosis, and anorexia.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:444


UMLS:C5575940

The study aims to develop a core outcome set (COS) for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment research. The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) is overseeing the development of the COS-OUD. The process involves a modified e-Delphi methodology to gain consensus among a panel of clinical practitioners and researchers involved in OUD treatment. The consensus threshold will be achieved if at least 70% of the panel rate the measure as critical for inclusion in the COS-OUD. The results of this study will be communicated via scientific journals and conferences.


UMLS:C0376702


UMLS:C0011216


UMLS:C4324621

The study proposes a clinical decision support algorithm for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) with buprenorphine in primary care. The algorithm is based on measures for universal screening and symptom tracking, developed through literature search and expert consensus. The Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medication, and other Substance use (TAPS) tool was chosen for universal screening. The OUD Symptom Checklist and the Patient Adherence Questionnaire for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment (PAQ-OUD) were created for symptom tracking and medication adherence respectively. The algorithm provides guidance for the first 12 weeks of buprenorphine treatment.


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C4324621

Patient Adherence Questionnaire for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment (PAQ-OUD)


UMLS:C0683476

Self-efficacy for HIV treatment adherence

The study evaluates the effectiveness of Patient Navigation (PN) and Contingency Management (CM) interventions in improving HIV care outcomes among people living with HIV who report substance use (PLWH-SU). The results show that the combined PN and CM intervention indirectly improved engagement in HIV care at 6 months by increasing self-efficacy for HIV treatment adherence. This increase in self-efficacy also led to increases in viral suppression at 6 and 12 months. No mediating effects were observed for PN alone.


UMLS:C0600564

Self-efficacy for HIV treatment adherence


UMLS:C0600564


UMLS:C5705508

The paper discusses the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) study "Optimizing Retention, Duration, and Discontinuation Strategies for Opioid Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy" (RDD; CTN-0100). This study will be one of the largest clinical trials on the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) and will consist of two phases: the Retention phase and the Duration-Discontinuation phase. The Retention phase will test different doses and formulations of buprenorphine and a digital therapeutic app on the primary outcome of retention in treatment. The Discontinuation phase will study different tapering strategies for buprenorphine and a digital therapeutic app on the primary outcome of relapse-free discontinuation of medication. The paper also discusses how the RDD trial derives from two decades of research in the CTN.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study aimed to validate an opioid misuse machine learning classifier in a different hospital setting. The classifier was tested on an observational cohort of 56,227 adult hospitalizations between October 2017 and December 2019. The classifier used a convolutional neural network (CNN) with coded word embedding features from the clinical notes of the electronic health record (EHR). The classifier showed good discrimination during external validation, with an AUC of 0.99 across the encounter and 0.98 using only the first 24 hours of notes. The sensitivity and positive predictive value were 0.81 and 0.72 respectively. The study suggests that the model may provide a comprehensive and automated approach to opioid misuse identification.


UMLS:C0598941