UMLS:C0456440

The study investigates the mechanisms of weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing pain in knee osteoarthritis (OA). The research used data from a cohort of older adults with or at risk of knee OA and evaluated quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures. The results showed that each standard deviation unit decrease in patellar pressure pain threshold (PPT) was associated with greater odds of both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing pain. Wrist PPT was associated with greater odds of weight-bearing pain but only with pain during sitting/lying. Mechanical temporal summation (TS) was significantly associated with greater odds of pain with walking and stairs. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) was not associated with any pain outcomes. The findings challenge the hypothesis that non-weight-bearing pain may reflect greater pain sensitization and/or inefficient CPM than weight-bearing pain in knee OA.


NCBIGene:9683708


UMLS:C0234110


UMLS:C3251122


UMLS:C5435628

The study found that in people with hand osteoarthritis (OA), a higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with greater pain severity in the hands, feet, and knees/hips. This association is partially mediated by the systemic inflammatory biomarkers leptin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). The effects of BMI on hand pain and total body joint count were found to be partially mediated by leptin and hsCRP respectively. The mediating role of leptin was found to be larger for pain in the hands than in the lower extremities.


UMLS:C5435628


PR:000009758


UMLS:C5435628

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)


UMLS:C0006560

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)


NCIT:C143739

Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS)

The study investigates the relationship between pelvic floor muscle tenderness (PFT) and urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) symptom severity. The study involved 562 UCCPS participants and 69 controls, with diagnoses including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. The results showed that 81% of UCPPS participants had PFT, and those with higher PFT scores had more severe disease burden, worse quality of life, and more widespread distribution of nonpelvic pain. The findings suggest that widespread PFT may be a phenotypic predictor in UCPPS.


NCIT:C143739


UMLS:C0086944

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) aims to reduce opioid overdose deaths through the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention, a community-engaged, data-driven planning process. The CTH protocol provides a common structure for the community-engaged intervention and allows for tailored approaches that meet the unique needs or sociocultural context of each community. The study will show how community engagement can support the implementation of evidence-based practices for addressing the opioid crisis in highly impacted communities.


UMLS:C0086944

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS), launched in May 2019, aims to reduce opioid overdose deaths by 40% in three years. This is to be achieved by enhancing and integrating the delivery of multiple evidence-based practices across health care, justice, and community settings. The study is being conducted amidst the opioid epidemic and the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.


UMLS:C0086944


MONDO:0100096


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) aims to test the effectiveness of the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention in reducing opioid-involved deaths in selected communities. The CTH intervention promotes the implementation of three evidence-based practices (EBPs): overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND), effective delivery of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and safer opioid analgesic prescribing. The Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA) was developed to organize EBP strategies and resources, and requires the implementation of at least one EBP strategy in healthcare, behavioral health, and criminal justice settings.


UMLS:C0086944

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is a four-year research project aimed at examining the effectiveness of the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention in reducing fatal opioid overdose. The study is conducted in 67 communities across four states with high opioid overdose rates: Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. The research includes the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) that significantly impact fatal and non-fatal opioid overdose, the Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach, and communication campaigns to increase awareness and demand for EBPs and reduce stigma against people with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) interventions. The study also involves community engagement, including forming community coalitions and mobilizing them to implement EBPs.


UMLS:C0086944

Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention


UMLS:C4042944


UMLS:C4324621

Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) interventions


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is a trial evaluating the impact of the Communities That HEAL intervention to reduce opioid overdose deaths and related adverse outcomes. The study uses administrative data to measure outcomes across four research sites. The primary outcome is the number of opioid overdose deaths, measured from death certificate data. Three secondary outcomes are the number of naloxone units distributed, the number of unique residents receiving FDA-approved buprenorphine products for opioid use disorder treatment, and the number of residents with new incidents of high-risk opioid prescribing. The study has already impacted data capacity in the four states and will provide methodology and tools to respond to the opioid epidemic.


UMLS:C0237499

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is investigating the effectiveness of the Communities that Heal (CTH) intervention in reducing opioid overdose deaths. The intervention includes communication campaigns to promote evidence-based practices (EBPs), increase demand for naloxone and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and reduce stigma towards people with opioid use disorder. The campaigns are developed and implemented through a three-stage process involving communication experts, research site staff, and community coalitions. The effectiveness of these campaigns will be evaluated, and if successful, the process and materials could be adapted for use in other communities.


UMLS:C0237499


UMLS:C0237499

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)


UMLS:C4042944

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) aims to reduce opioid overdose deaths by implementing a community-engaged, data-driven selection of evidence-based practices (EBPs). The study is a four-year multi-site, parallel-group, cluster randomized wait-list controlled trial conducted in Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. The intervention includes a community engagement strategy, a compendium of EBPs with technical assistance, and communication campaigns to increase awareness and reduce stigma. The primary outcome is the number of opioid overdose deaths, which will be compared between the intervention and control groups.


UMLS:C4505268


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study found that the receipt of naloxone rescue kits among people with HIV (PWH) on chronic opioid therapy (COT) was uncommon. A history of overdose was associated with receiving naloxone, but having a clinician who reported providing overdose prevention care was not. The study suggests that clinicians prescribing COT to PWH should improve overdose prevention care, including naloxone co-prescribing.


UMLS:C0749634


UMLS:C4018909


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study explores community-based perspectives on efforts to change opioid prescribing practices to reduce opioid overprescribing, and ultimately reduce prescription opioid use disorder, overdoses and fatalities. The study identified three major themes: acknowledging progress, emergent challenges, and opportunities for change. The opportunities for change included culture change around pain expectations, awareness of safe disposal, additional provider education, and increased coverage and acceptability of non-opioid treatments.


UMLS:C0849171

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) aims to develop and test an intervention, Communities That HEAL (CTH), to support communities in implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) to reduce opioid-involved overdose deaths. The CTH intervention is being implemented in 67 communities across four states. The community coalitions must select at least five strategies, including overdose education and naloxone distribution, access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), linkage to MOUD, retention in MOUD, and safer opioid prescribing/dispensing. The selection process is facilitated by decision aid tools and focuses on feasibility, appropriateness within the community context, and potential impact on reducing opioid-involved overdose deaths.


UMLS:C4324621

The study estimates the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) in Kentucky in 2018 and 2019 using a multi-sample capture-recapture analysis. Four statewide datasets were used: Registry of Vital Statistics, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Kentucky's Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP), and Kentucky Medicaid. The estimated statewide OUD prevalence was 5.5% and 5.9% for 2018 and 2019, respectively, with a range of 1.3% to 17.7% across Kentucky counties. The highest OUD rates were found in Appalachian counties (eastern area) of the state. The study reveals a larger proportion of Kentucky residents have OUD than previously estimated.


UMLS:C4324621


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study investigates the state policies that affect the distribution of naloxone, a drug used to decrease opioid-related mortality, in four states highly impacted by fatal opioid overdoses - Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. The research provides a descriptive analysis of the policy landscape impacting naloxone distribution through pharmacy and community channels in these states. The study found that there is variation in naloxone access laws, Medicaid coverage of naloxone, and community overdose education and naloxone distribution infrastructure among the states. Massachusetts and New York have a statewide standing order for naloxone distribution, while other states use different strategies. Quantity limits specific to naloxone may limit access to Medicaid beneficiaries in some states.


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the long-term neurocognitive and mental health outcomes in children exposed to opioids during pregnancy. The study reveals an association between neonates exposed to opioids in utero and longer-term adverse neurocognitive, behavioral, and developmental outcomes. These adverse effects may not be apparent in the neonatal period but may become more salient as children develop and reach preschool and school age. The impact is influenced by multiple variables including genetic, environmental, and biological factors. The paper also explores strategies to support families impacted by opioid use disorder.


UMLS:C0242402


CHEBI:30879

The study investigates the impact of prenatal substance exposure (alcohol, opioids) on infant self-regulation and emotional reactivity. The study involved 100 mother-child dyads and used the Still Face Paradigm (SFP) to assess infant stress reactivity and self-regulation. Infants were grouped based on their prenatal exposure: unexposed controls, alcohol-exposed, opioid-exposed, and both MOUD and alcohol exposed. The results showed that the group exposed to both MOUD and alcohol had significantly lower self-regulation at baseline compared to controls. Higher self-regulation was associated with lower negative affect in the MOUD+Alcohol group but not other groups. This suggests that self-regulation skills are particularly important for emotional modulation in infants with prenatal polysubstance exposure.


UMLS:C0600379


UMLS:C3274639

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)

The study found that infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) had higher healthcare utilization in their first year of life, especially those with severe NOWS. The severity of NOWS was associated with an increase in composite one-year utilization. In a subset of full-term infants, having a NOWS diagnosis was associated with higher odds of a 30-day and one-year rehospitalization.


UMLS:C3274639


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the lessons learned from 50 years of research on the developmental effects of prenatal exposure to substances like alcohol and drugs, including opioids. It emphasizes the importance of accurate assessment of exposure amount, frequency, and timing, and the need to control for pre- and postnatal factors that impact development. The paper also highlights the challenges posed by polysubstance exposure due to the variety of substances used by pregnant women. It notes that while many assessment tools have been developed, predicting outcomes before 18-24 months of age remains difficult. The paper concludes by stressing the need for broad scientific efforts to understand how substances affect child outcomes and to initiate prevention and intervention where needed.


CHEBI:30879


UMLS:C0871529


UMLS:C0871124


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates the effects of prenatal opioid exposure on the development of brain networks in infants. Using resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rsfMRI), the researchers found that opioid-exposed infants had differences in the distribution of betweenness centrality and connection length, with unique connections in the opioid-exposed group being more often inter-network connections. The opioid-exposed group also had smaller network volumes, particularly in the primary visual network, but similar network strength as controls. The network topologies were different between groups, especially in visual and executive control networks. These findings may explain the developmental and visual problems associated with prenatal opioid exposure.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


UMLS:C0849171

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)

The study evaluated the severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) in infants exposed prenatally to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI). The study found that infants in the MOUD + SRI group were more likely to require pharmacologic treatment for NOWS and had a longer hospitalization compared to the MOUD group. The use of SRIs among pregnant women on MOUD might be associated with more severe NOWS, suggesting a potential drug-drug interaction between maternal SRIs and opioid medications that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin.


UMLS:C0360105


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper discusses the combined effects of maternal opioid use during pregnancy and a history of childhood adversity (CA) on the neurodevelopment of the offspring. The study emphasizes that these factors often co-occur and may interact to influence brain development in utero. The paper suggests that these factors could have cumulative effects on offspring neurodevelopment, but more research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms involved.


UMLS:C3900081


NCBIGene:102464721

The study found that the expression of certain extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) in the umbilical cord plasma of infants exposed to opioids prenatally can predict the severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Specifically, the miRNAs miR-128-3p, miR-30c-5p, and miR-421 predicted the need for pharmacologic treatment and prolonged hospitalization. The predictive validity improved when miRNAs let-7d-5p, miR-584-5p were added to the model for pharmacologic treatment and miRNAs let-7b-5p, miR-10-5p were added to the model for prolonged hospitalization.


NCBIGene:791063


NCBIGene:100313263


NCBIGene:100315172


NCBIGene:100315319


NCBIGene:100315389


NCBIGene:12798043


UMLS:C0871124

Prenatal opioid/other drug exposure (PODE)

The study investigates the effects of prenatal opioid/other drug exposure (PODE) and the benefits of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) on neonatal brain functional organization. The study found that PODE neonates showed alterations in reward-related frontal-sensory connectivity. However, MOUD was associated with a significant reduction of PODE-related alterations in key regions of endogenous opioid pathways including limbic and frontal connections. Despite this, significant residual effects in limbic and subcortical circuitry were observed. The study concludes that MOUD confers significant normalization effects on functional connectivity of regions associated with socioemotional development and reward processing, highlighting the importance of MOUD intervention for better neurodevelopmental outcomes.


UMLS:C5700350

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

PODE-related alterations in key regions of endogenous opioid pathways including limbic and frontal connections


UMLS:C5700350

Functional connectivity of regions associated with socioemotional development and reward processing


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates the neural effects of prenatal opioid exposure on infants. Using MRI scans and machine-learning methods, the researchers constructed edge-centric functional networks to identify neural features distinguishing opioid-exposed infants from unexposed controls. The results showed that prenatal opioid exposure primarily affects inter-network dynamic functional connections, particularly with the visual, subcortical, and default mode networks. These findings may explain the higher rates of visual and emotional problems observed in infants exposed to opioids in utero.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

Inter-network dynamic functional connections


UMLS:C3689345

Inter-network dynamic functional connections


UMLS:C3689345


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


UMLS:C0849171

The study investigates the developmental outcomes of children exposed to prenatal alcohol and opioids. The study used a prospective cohort, ENRICH-1, which followed maternal-infant pairs. The subjects were divided into four groups: those exposed to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), both MOUD and PAE, and unexposed controls (UC). The study found significant changes in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III (BSID-III) Cognitive, Language, and Motor scores between 6 and 20 months for the MOUD, PAE, and MOUD+PAE groups, while the scores for the UC group remained stable. The study emphasizes the need for repeated evaluations of children at high risk due to prenatal polysubstance exposure.


UMLS:C0772413


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

exposure results in smaller brain measurements

The study investigated the impact of in utero opioid exposure on fetal brain development. It was found that opioid-exposed fetuses had smaller measurements in seven areas of the brain, including cerebral frontooccipital diameter, bone biparietal diameter, brain biparietal diameter, corpus callosum length, vermis height, anteroposterior pons measurement, and transverse cerebellar diameter. Additionally, the frontoocccipital index was larger in opioid-exposed fetuses. There were no significant differences in fetal motion, cervical length, and deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid between the groups. However, opioid-exposed fetuses showed higher frequencies of breech position and increased amniotic fluid volume.


MONDO:0004375

The paper discusses the challenges of managing pain in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Pain is a common symptom in ESKD patients and negatively affects their quality of life, dialysis adherence, healthcare utilization, and mortality. The limited availability of effective and safe non-opiate analgesics has resulted in the overuse of opioids. The authors propose a framework for pain assessment and treatment using nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches to optimize pain management and opioid use. They also recommend system-level changes to improve care coordination and pain management in ESKD patients.


UMLS:C0242937


MONDO:0004375


EFO:0003843


UMLS:C0242402

should be minimized due to increased adverse events

The paper reviews pain management strategies for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). It emphasizes the use of physical activity and nonpharmacologic therapies, along with pharmacological therapies like nonopioid analgesics (acetaminophen, topical analgesics, gabapentinoids, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and TCA). NSAIDs can be used for short durations with careful monitoring. Opioid use should be minimized and reserved for patients who have failed other therapies due to their association with increased adverse events. Safer opioids for kidney disease include oxycodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, methadone, and buprenorphine, with buprenorphine being a promising option due to its partial agonism at the mu opioid receptor.


UMLS:C0242402


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the prevalence of chronic pain and prescription opioid use among patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Recent studies have shown that these patients are highly vulnerable to complications from opioid use. The paper emphasizes the need for a balanced approach to pain management in these patients, including careful assessment of the risks and benefits of opioid prescriptions.


UMLS:C3653393

The paper discusses the risks of opioid analgesics in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease. It suggests that reducing or discontinuing opioid use can improve pain outcomes, but abrupt changes can lead to physical and psychological harms and relapse. The paper also presents evidence that nonpharmacologic treatments like psychosocial interventions, acupuncture, and interdisciplinary pain management programs can support opioid dose reduction in patients with persistent pain. However, research in this area is still relatively new.


UMLS:C3653393


UMLS:C5392103


UMLS:C0181956


UMLS:C0747141

Interdisciplinary pain management programs


UMLS:C4040576

The paper discusses the prevalence of chronic pain in adults undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (HD) for kidney failure. It is reported that 50-80% of these patients experience pain, with half of them experiencing moderate-to-severe chronic pain. The paper also discusses the use of opioid analgesics in managing this pain, noting that they are prescribed more frequently for patients receiving HD than for the general population with chronic pain. However, the effectiveness of opioids in managing pain in these patients is not well established. The paper also discusses the potential use of buprenorphine as an analgesic option for these patients due to its unique pharmacological properties.


UMLS:C4534481

Chronic kidney disease-associated-pruritus (CKD-aP) is a common symptom in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing dialysis. CKD-aP often occurs with other symptoms like disturbed sleep, anxiety, depression, and pain, forming 'symptom clusters'. These clusters negatively impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients, increasing the risk of infections, hospitalizations, and mortality. Despite these effects, CKD-aP is often underrecognized and undertreated. Studies suggest that reducing itch intensity can alleviate other associated symptoms, such as poor sleep quality.


UMLS:C4534481


MONDO:0005300

The paper discusses the prevalence of moderate to severe pain in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), maintenance dialysis, and kidney transplant. It highlights the impact of comorbid depression and anxiety, which can lead to maladaptive coping responses such as pain catastrophizing and illness-related post-traumatic stress disorder. These conditions, if untreated, can lead to increased perception of pain, worsened disability, decreased quality of life, social withdrawal, and increased morbidity and mortality. The paper also discusses the potential of nonpharmacologic treatments for pain, which target coping mechanisms as well as comorbid anxiety and depression. The paper calls for more research into these treatments in the context of CKD and end-stage kidney disease.


UMLS:C0235136


MONDO:0011918


MONDO:0005146


MONDO:0005300


MONDO:0005133

The study investigates the incidence of persistent pelvic pain following hysterectomy in women with chronic pelvic pain. It was found that 11.9% of the participants reported persistent pelvic pain 6 months after the surgery. Factors such as endometriosis and uterine fibroids were associated with a higher incidence of persistent pain. However, the surgical route, pelvic adhesions, uterine weight, and adenomyosis were not related to the risk of persistent pain. The study also found that higher preoperative centralized pain scores were more common in women with persistent pelvic pain. Every 1-point increase in centralized pain before hysterectomy was associated with a 27% increase in the odds of persistent pelvic pain 6 months after surgery.


UMLS:C0237022


UMLS:C2199901


UMLS:C0020699


UMLS:C1955888

The Acute to Chronic Pain Signatures (A2CPS) Program is a multi-site observational study that aims to identify biomarkers and biosignatures that can predict an individual's susceptibility or resilience to developing chronic pain after surgery. The study focuses on patients undergoing knee arthroplasty and thoracic surgery. Biomarkers are evaluated before and up to three months after surgery to predict patient outcomes six months post-surgery. The data from this study will be available for further research into the transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain.


UMLS:C0459482


UMLS:C2062975


UMLS:C4304734

The study evaluated the effectiveness of the Harnessing Online Peer Education (HOPE) social media-based support group in engaging chronic pain patients on opioid therapy to discuss risk reduction strategies. The results showed that the intervention group had significantly higher engagement compared to the control group. The participants discussed various topics including coping, pain, medication and non-medication treatments, and other opioid and addiction-related topics. This suggests that the HOPE online community could be an effective behavioral intervention tool for chronic pain patients on opioid therapy.


MONDO:0024317


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The paper discusses a randomized controlled trial involving 320 individuals with histories of opioid use disorder who are under probation or parole supervision. The participants are divided into two groups: one receiving Buprenorphine Bridge Treatment (BBT) using the MedicaSafe dispensing device, and the other receiving Treatment as Usual (TAU), which involves a referral to buprenorphine pharmacotherapy treatment in the community. The outcomes will be measured based on illicit opioid oral saliva drug test results and treatment adherence. The study aims to determine if co-locating buprenorphine treatment at community supervision field offices increases compliance rates with conditions of probation and parole.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study compared the long-term criminal justice outcomes among opioid-dependent individuals who were randomized to receive either buprenorphine/naloxone or methadone. The study found no significant difference in the proportion of arrests or incarcerations between the two groups. However, continued treatment with either buprenorphine or methadone was associated with a reduction in arrests relative to no treatment. Factors such as cocaine use, injection drug use, Hispanic ethnicity, and younger age were associated with a higher likelihood of arrest.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:446220


UMLS:C4324621

The study investigates the opioid crisis in rural northern New England, focusing on eleven counties in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont from 2014 to 2018. The research characterizes the epidemiology, policy, and resource environment for opioid use disorder (OUD) and its consequences. The study found that Vermont's comprehensive drug treatment and harm reduction policies were associated with the lowest fatal overdose rates. Franklin County, Massachusetts had good access to naloxone, drug treatment, and SSPs, but high overdose and HIV rates. New Hampshire had high proportions of uninsured community members, the highest overdose rates, no HCV surveillance data, and no local access to SSPs, placing PWID in rural New Hampshire at elevated risk.


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C0009476

The study investigates the provision of behavioral health services to youth involved in the juvenile justice system in the United States. The research found that youth referred from Community Supervision to Behavioral Health programs represent a more severe sub-group. There are established cross-system relationships for assessment and referral for substance use and mental health treatment, but less so for prevention services. Most Community Supervision programs refer youth to Behavioral Health providers for these services, which typically utilize more highly trained staff to provide evidence-based practices to a majority of the youth served. However, more intensive substance use and mental health treatment, aftercare, and recovery support services were limited in availability.


UMLS:C4280078


UMLS:C0281163

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) knowledge and attitudes

The study evaluated the efficacy of an educational video intervention about Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) in a correctional setting. The intervention aimed to improve MOUD-related knowledge and attitudes among incarcerated individuals. The results showed significant improvements in MOUD knowledge and attitudes after participants viewed the video. The intervention was more effective in changing attitudes among non-Hispanic Black participants compared to non-Hispanic Whites. The findings suggest that such educational programs can help reduce opioid use disorder-related morbidity and mortality.


UMLS:C4324621

Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD)


UMLS:C5421789

The study assessed the awareness and interest in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention among incarcerated individuals enrolled in a Medication for Addiction Treatment (MAT) program. The results showed that while awareness of PrEP was low, there was interest in its uptake or learning more about it, particularly among those who perceived themselves at high risk of HIV. Potential barriers to PrEP use included side effects, adherence issues, and a general reluctance to take medications.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigated opioid prescribing patterns before fatal overdose in Illinois residents who died of an opioid-related overdose in 2016. It was found that among the 1,893 fatal opioid overdoses, 309 involved any prescription opioid and 1,461 involved illicit opioids without the involvement of prescription opioids. The death rate due to illicit opioids was higher among black residents compared to whites. During the last year of life, 76% of prescription opioid decedents filled any opioid prescription, compared to 36% of illicit opioid decedents. The study concluded that prescribing patterns alone may not be sufficient to identify patients at high risk for opioid overdose, especially for those using illicit opioids.


UMLS:C0304227


MESH:D013287


UMLS:C0849171

The study aimed to estimate the impact of screening and treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) in US prisons and jails on post-release opioid-related mortality. The researchers used data from various sources to construct Monte Carlo simulations of a scenario where wide scale uptake of screening and treatment with medications for OUD occurred in US prisons and jails in 2016. The model predicted that a significant number of lives would have been saved nationally if all persons who were clinically indicated had received medications for OUD while incarcerated and were retained in treatment post-release. The study concluded that prison and jail-based programs that comprehensively screen and provide treatment with medications for OUD have the potential to reduce opioid-related overdose deaths in a high-risk population.


UMLS:C0849171


UMLS:C4280078

The study investigates the availability of substance use prevention (SUP) services within juvenile justice (JJ) and primary behavioral health (BH) providers. The study found that only one-third of community supervision (CS) agencies and BH providers offer SUP services, with BH providers being more likely to provide these services. Agencies with a lower substance use distribution were less likely to offer SUP. The study suggests that evidence-based prevention services should be expanded in justice settings.


UMLS:C4280183

less likely to provide if substance use distribution is low


UMLS:C3540707

Medications for treatment of opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The study conducted a review of the literature on the implementation of medications for treatment of opioid use disorder (MOUD) within criminal justice settings and with justice-involved populations. The review identified four categories of barriers and facilitators: institutional, programmatic, attitudinal, and systemic. Institutional barriers often led to programmatic practices where MOUD was not implemented following clinical guidelines, resulting in inadequate treatment. These practices led to negative attitudes about MOUD among justice-involved individuals. Facilitators included increased knowledge from training interventions and positive prior experiences with MOUD among correctional and treatment staff. The study found that barriers to implementing MOUD are pervasive and inter-dependent.


UMLS:C3244484

The study used a microsimulation model to examine the impact of expanded access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in prison and jail settings on opioid-related overdose mortality. The model simulated a population of 55,000 persons at risk in Rhode Island. The effects of an extended-release (XR) naltrexone only intervention and the effects of providing access to all three MOUD (methadone, buprenorphine, and XR-naltrexone) at release from incarceration were compared to the standard of care. The model predicted 2385 opioid-related overdose deaths between 2017 and 2024 under the standard of care. An XR-naltrexone intervention averted 103 deaths (4.3% reduction), and access to all three MOUD averted 139 deaths (5.8% reduction). Expanded access to MOUD in prison and jail settings can reduce overdose mortality in a general, at-risk population.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095


UMLS:C0949366

The study examined the receipt of medications for opioid use disorder by vulnerable populations within Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities. It was found that vulnerable populations, including women, older, Black, rural, homeless, and justice-involved veterans, had lower odds of receiving medications for opioid use disorder than their nonvulnerable counterparts. Veterans had higher odds of receiving medications at facilities with a higher proportion of patients with opioid use disorder, but lower odds of receiving medications at facilities in the Southern region compared to the Northeast region of the United States.


UMLS:C3647215

VHA facilities with a higher proportion of patients with opioid use disorder


UMLS:C0557397


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates opioid initiation and transition to injection drug use in rural northern New England, USA. The research found that factors leading to the initiation of drug injection included normalization of drug use in families and communities, experiencing trauma, and abrupt discontinuation of an opioid prescription. Other factors that led to a transition to injecting included lower cost, increased effect/rush, greater availability of heroin/fentanyl, and faster relief of withdrawal symptoms with injection. The study suggests that inadequate opioid tapering may increase transition to non-prescribed drug use and highlights the importance of enhancing trauma-informed care in rural areas.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345


UMLS:C1387429


UMLS:C0087169


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

The Franklin County Sheriff's Office (FCSO) in Massachusetts has been one of the first to provide incarcerated populations with access to all three medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), including buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, FCSO implemented comprehensive mitigation policies and adapted MOUD programming. Challenges included rapid release of nonviolent pretrial individuals and delivering physically distanced MOUD services in jail. FCSO developed telehealth capacity and experimented with take-home MOUD at release to facilitate continuity of care. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the uptake and diffusion of technology-infused opioid use disorder treatment in criminal justice settings.


UMLS:C1328956

The study aims to increase the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among women involved in the justice system, particularly during their transition from jail to the community. The Kentucky Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN) will implement a trial using telehealth and peer navigators to facilitate this. The goal is to reduce opioid relapse and overdose among these high-risk individuals. The project could significantly impact the opioid use disorder treatment field by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of innovative technologies in initiating and maintaining MOUD during community reentry.


UMLS:C0701796


UMLS:C3853156

Recovery Management Checkups-Adaptive (RMC-A)

The study aims to test the effectiveness of an adapted version of the Recovery Management Checkups (RMC), known as RMC-A, in improving the retention of opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment in individuals released from jail. The RMC-A model adjusts the frequency and intensity of checkups based on the individual's assessed need for treatment. The study will evaluate the direct and indirect effects of RMC-A on treatment initiation, engagement, retention, and re-linkage, as well as public health and safety outcomes. The study will also assess the cost-effectiveness of the RMC-A model compared to other models.


UMLS:C3853156

Recovery Management Checkups-Adaptive (RMC-A)


UMLS:C3853156


UMLS:C0034153

Medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The paper discusses a study protocol for the development and efficacy-test of a new implementation intervention, Opioid Court REACH, designed to improve the management of individuals with opioid addiction in the court system. The intervention aims to address the flaws of existing drug courts in handling those with opioid addiction via broader inclusion criteria, rapid screening, and linkage to medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD). The study will test the implementation impact of Opioid Court REACH in improving implementation outcomes along the opioid cascade of care and the clinical and cost effectiveness of Opioid Court REACH in improving public health and public safety outcomes.


MONDO:0012292

The study aimed to stop the transmission of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) among networks of persons who inject drugs. The researchers identified HCV RNA-positive specimens from 459 persons in Wisconsin, USA, during 2016-2017. They conducted next-generation sequencing of HCV and analyzed it for phylogenetic linkage. The analysis showed that 126 persons were linked across 42 clusters. The study found that phylogenetic clustering was higher in rural communities and associated with female sex and younger age among rural residents. The data suggests that HCV transmission could be reduced by expanding molecular-based surveillance strategies to rural communities affected by the opioid crisis.


MONDO:0012292


UMLS:C5200719


UMLS:C3494385

The study investigates the impact of expanded Medicaid eligibility and prerelease Medicaid enrollment assistance on Medicaid enrollment for recently incarcerated adults. The data was collected from the Wisconsin Department of Corrections and the Wisconsin Medicaid program from 2013 to 2015. The study found that Medicaid enrollment in the month of release from state prison increased from 8% to 36% after the eligibility expansion and to 61% after the introduction of enrollment assistance. The results were similar for adults with a history of substance use. Black adults were more likely to be enrolled in Medicaid in the month of release than White adults.


UMLS:C4280851

Prerelease Medicaid enrollment assistance


UMLS:C0038586


UMLS:C2874959


UMLS:C5424598

The paper reviews the factors that influence opioid overdose prevention in justice-involved populations. The study identified five categories: acceptability, accessibility, effectiveness, feasibility, and participant overdose risk. It was found that the acceptability of naloxone, a drug used to counteract opioid overdose, is associated with injection drug use, overdose history, and perceived risk. Accessibility of naloxone is influenced by the interface between corrections and community. Evaluations of overdose prevention interventions are few but show increases in knowledge or reductions in opioid overdose. Overdose is highest immediately following release from prison or jail, often preceded by service-system interactions, and associated with drug-use severity, injection use, and mental health disorders.


UMLS:C2114450


UMLS:C0815168


UMLS:C5690779


UMLS:C0009462


UMLS:C2735694


UMLS:C0683695


UMLS:C2916825


UMLS:C2239127


MONDO:0002025


UMLS:C4724447

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The study aims to determine if a local change team (LCT) intervention can improve the linkage to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and implementation outcomes. The study also investigates if the outcomes are further enhanced by the use of peer support specialists (PSS). The study will recruit individuals on probation with opioid use disorder (OUD) and will use the exploration, preparation, implementation, sustainability (EPIS) framework to guide system-change. The study will also randomize adults on probation to receive PSS vs. treatment as usual, with assessments at various intervals. The outcomes include participant engagement in MOUD, probation revocation, illicit opioid use, and overdoses.


UMLS:C0679740


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C1822500

The study aims to assess the effectiveness of two coaching strategies, the NIATx model and the ECHO model, in implementing medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in criminal justice settings. The NIATx model provides technical assistance in MOUD implementation and organizational change, while the ECHO model connects clinical providers with expert MOUD prescribers. The study will compare high-dose and low-dose coaching, with and without ECHO, in 48 jails and community-based treatment provider sites handling justice-involved persons with opioid use disorder (OUD).


UMLS:C0679843

Community-based treatment provider sites


UMLS:C0042610

The study aimed to identify strategies to increase the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among veterans involved in the legal system, who have a high risk of overdose mortality. The study involved interviews with 18 veterans with a history of opioid use or opioid use disorder (OUD) and legal involvement. The veterans suggested strategies such as providing transportation or telehealth services, increasing access to MOUD during incarceration, reducing physician turnover, improving physician and veteran education about MOUD, and providing social support opportunities. The study suggests that the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) should consider incorporating these strategies into care and evaluate their impact on patients' experience, initiation of and retention on medications, and overdose rates.


UMLS:C4763569


UMLS:C0849171

The study investigates the impact of providing medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) to incarcerated individuals on their post-release health services use. The research, conducted in the Rhode Island Department of Corrections, used Medicaid claims data to analyze changes in health care use before and after receiving OUD medications while incarcerated. The findings showed no change in inpatient admissions, a decrease in emergency department visits, and an increase in nonacute outpatient services and pharmacy claims. There was no increase in total health care costs paid by Medicaid after the initiation of OUD medications in correctional settings.


UMLS:C0849171


UMLS:C0849171

The study investigates the treatment preferences for opioid use disorder among incarcerated individuals. It was found that these individuals have preferences for certain types of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD), with their choices influenced by factors such as medication side effects, administration route, community delivery, and stigma. The study suggests that MOUD programs in community and correctional settings should adopt a patient-centered approach, offering all FDA-approved MOUD treatment options.


UMLS:C0038586

The paper reviews 14 studies that evaluated interventions for individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) upon their release from jail. The interventions aimed to link these individuals to community-based SUD treatment and other services to prevent relapse, recidivism, and opioid-related overdose. The review included studies on linkage to treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), non-specific SUD treatment, and HIV + SUD services. Most studies used case management and/or peer or patient navigation as the core intervention. The review found evidence supporting the effectiveness of various interventions to link individuals to community-based SUD treatment, MOUD, and other services at re-entry. However, there was limited support for intervention effects on longer-term outcomes, including treatment retention, medication adherence, recidivism, and substance use.


UMLS:C0038586


UMLS:C2039663

The study compared opioid overdose death (OOD) rates among formerly incarcerated persons (FIPs) and the general population in North Carolina from 2000 to 2018. The results showed that while OOD rates in the general population decreased by 10.1% from 2017 to 2018, they increased by 32% among FIPs. The highest substance-specific OOD rate among FIPs was due to synthetic narcotics, primarily fentanyl and its analogs. The OOD risk for FIPs from synthetic narcotics was significantly higher than that for the general population.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345


UMLS:C2108012


UMLS:C0038586

The study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - Substance Abuse (AAQ-SA), a measure of psychological flexibility, among adults with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) in Puerto Rico. The two-factor structure of the AAQ-SA was found to be a better fit for the data from the sample. The study suggests that the AAQ-SA is a promising measure of psychological flexibility for the target populations.


UMLS:C0235136


UMLS:C0600564


NCBITaxon:117547


UMLS:C5545326

The study investigates the prevalence and correlates of witnessing and responding to drug overdoses among people who use drugs (PWUDs) in rural Northern New England. The study found that 84% of PWUDs had witnessed an overdose, which was associated with probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Despite Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs), some PWUDs faced legal consequences after calling 911 for an overdose. Access to naloxone, a drug used to reverse the effects of an overdose, varied, but 43% of PWUDs had used it to reverse an overdose. The study suggests that providing PWUDs with effective overdose response tools and protective policies could reduce overdose mortality.


UMLS:C4018909


UMLS:C3188217


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


UMLS:C4324621

The study explores the experiences of people with opioid use disorder (OUD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted through qualitative interviews with 25 individuals in Chicago, most of whom had received methadone treatment during the pandemic. The findings reveal that despite limited knowledge of COVID-19, individuals are keeping safe, the pandemic has increased treatment motivation for some, and the availability of social support has been reduced. The study also highlights the difficulties individuals had in maintaining or obtaining financial support. The results can be used to inform future public health responses, particularly in ensuring that people with OUD receive appropriate health crisis-related information and that funds are properly allocated to address the mental health impacts of social isolation.


UMLS:C0814715

The study discusses the implementation of medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) in seven Massachusetts' jails following a state legislative mandate. The mandate required access to all FDA-approved MOUD and connection with treatment upon release. The study found that the legislative mandate drove acceptance of MOUD and assisted with continuity of care. However, challenges were presented with treatment initiation for pre-sentenced individuals. The implementation of MOUD in jails required collaboration with external agencies and flexibility from institutional systems.


MONDO:0100096

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs)

The study examined the association of community vulnerability to disasters and pandemics with geographic access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs). The study found that communities with greater vulnerability did not have greater geographic access to MOUDs. The mismatch between vulnerability and medication access was greatest in suburban communities, while rural communities had poor geographic access regardless of vulnerability status. The study suggests that future disaster preparedness planning should match the location of services to communities with greater vulnerability to prevent inequities in overdose deaths.


UMLS:C0849171

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs)


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095


RXCUI:863844


UMLS:C4505456

The study analyzed online personal advertisements (ads) to understand their potential role in sexual health and risk behaviors. Data was collected from ClassifiedAds.com in the US from August 2019 to February 2020. The study found that most ads were posted by men (72.4%) and were from the southern US (34.7%) and urban areas (89.6%). Few ads contained images (21.9%) or words associated with substance use (1%), while 26% mentioned substance use or STI/HIV concern. The study concluded that personal ads provide insight into Internet-mediated sex encounters and sexual health risks among those who seek sex online.


UMLS:C0037578


UMLS:C0150359


UMLS:C0814181

The study found that women who use drugs (WWUD) in rural communities have low rates of contraceptive use and high rates of unintended pregnancy. The study also found that WWUD who had received substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in the past 30 days had increased odds of contraceptive use. There was also a positive association between contraceptive use and recent medications for opioid use disorder and prior 6-month primary care utilization, although these did not meet the threshold for statistical significance.


UMLS:C0814181


UMLS:C0038586


UMLS:C4324621

medication positively associated with use


UMLS:C0033131

utilization positively associated with use


UMLS:C0037422

The study developed the Justice-Community Circulation Model (JCCM) to investigate the dynamics of opioid use disorder (OUD) in individuals involved in the criminal justice system after their release from jail. The model uses data from multiple Chicago-area studies and is calibrated using a high-performance computing workflow. The calibrated model was used to investigate the effects of a naloxone intervention for a mass jail release. The results showed that a targeted intervention focusing on recently released jail inmates can help reduce the risk of death from opioid overdose.


MONDO:0100096

The study investigates the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with substance use disorders (SUD), particularly opioid use disorder (OUD), who are involved in the criminal justice system. The research was conducted in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky, and data was collected from justice system personnel and community-level SUD/OUD providers. The findings indicate that despite rapid adaptations made by systems during the pandemic, more work is needed to better support individuals with OUD who are involved in the justice system. The study also highlights the use of telehealth and telejustice during the pandemic.


MONDO:0100096


UMLS:C5433203

The study investigates the use of extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP), a medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), in correctional settings. The study included 54 individuals who received XR-BUP while incarcerated. The results showed no evidence of tampering with the injection site, indicating no attempts to remove, hoard, or divert the medication. 61% of the participants reported at least one adverse effect after injections, with an average of 2.8 side effects. 61% of those released on XR-BUP continued MOUD after release, with 30% continuing with XR-BUP. The study concludes that XR-BUP is feasible and acceptable in correctional settings and addresses administrative concerns of diversion.


UMLS:C5433203


UMLS:C0849171

The study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to continuity of Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment post-release from jail. Interviews were conducted with 36 staff members from MOUD programs that serve jail-referred patients. Findings highlighted the need for adjustments among jail staff to approve MOUD treatment, especially with agonist medications. Inter-agency communication and coordination were found to be crucial for seamless treatment continuity post-release. Pre-release planning, medication provision to cover gaps between jail release and intake at community MOUD sites, and exchange of treatment information across agencies were viewed as paramount to success. Barriers to treatment continuity included unexpected early releases, releases from court, and social determinants of health such as shelter, food security, employment, transportation, and insurance reactivation.


UMLS:C1290899

The study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale (SASSS) among Latinos with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). The study found that the SASSS showed significant correlations with HIV felt stigma, internalized shame, stigma-related interpersonal rejection due to substance abuse, symptoms of depression, substance use within the last 30 days, psychological flexibility, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. The SASSS showed a strong factor structure and adequate reliability estimates, supporting its applicability to Latinos with SUDs from community and criminal justice settings.


UMLS:C1290899


UMLS:C4505320

The study evaluated the impact of technology access on substance use disorder (SUD) treatment among drug users in rural areas of the United States. The study found that having both a cell phone and internet access was associated with increased days of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) use and a higher likelihood of SUD counseling in the prior 30 days. Conversely, lack of a cell phone was associated with decreased days of MOUD and a lower likelihood of prior 30-day SUD counseling. The study suggests that expanding rural SUD treatment engagement via telemedicine may require increased cell phone and mobile network access.


UMLS:C0282111


UMLS:C4505320


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study explores the reasons for non-adherence to buprenorphine, a medication used to reduce opioid craving and illicit opioid use, and the acceptability of using video directly observed therapy (VDOT) to enhance adherence. The reasons for non-adherence include social and structural factors, the desire to use illicit drugs, and forgetfulness. While VDOT was seen as potentially improving patient accountability and trust from providers, there were concerns about it placing an undue burden on patients and eroding patient-provider trust.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


UMLS:C0872145


UMLS:C0150359

The study investigates the influence of participant characteristics and reported substance use on the efficacy of a video-based intervention aimed at increasing HIV testing among emergency department patients who initially declined tests. The results showed that demographic concordance did not significantly increase the likelihood of accepting an HIV test. However, participants who reported problem substance use were significantly more likely to test for HIV compared to participants who reported either no problem substance use or no substance use at all. This is significant as substance use, including heavy alcohol or cannabis use, can lead to behaviors that increase HIV risk.


CHEBI:30879


UMLS:C0678449


UMLS:C3661520

The study tested the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile health application for video directly observed therapy (video-DOT) of buprenorphine in an office-based setting. The application was used by patients to record themselves taking buprenorphine, a treatment for opioid use disorders. The results showed that 93% of the participants were able to successfully use the application, with daily videos being submitted 72% of the time. Most participants reported satisfaction with the application, citing its accountability, structure, and ease of use. Some negative feedback included discomfort at viewing oneself during recording and the time required.


UMLS:C0872145

Video directly observed therapy (video-DOT)


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The paper presents the protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) called the Trial of Adherence Application for Buprenorphine treatment (TAAB) study. The study aims to evaluate the effects of video directly observed therapy (DOT) delivered via a smartphone app on office-based buprenorphine treatment outcomes for opioid use disorder (OUD) patients. The primary outcome is the percentage of weekly urines that are negative for opioids over the 12-weeks. The secondary outcome is engagement in treatment at week 12. The study hypothesizes that video DOT delivered through mHealth technology platform can improve patients' buprenorphine adherence by providing additional structure and accountability.


UMLS:C4019433

Unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM)

The study presents a novel treatment for Opioid use disorders (OUDs) using unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) to the hemisphere with a more positive valence by Dual Brain Psychology (DBP). The treatment was tested on 22 patients with significant opioid cravings and a history of recent or current OUD. The results showed a significant decrease in opioid cravings, depression, and anxiety after the active treatment compared to the sham treatment. The treatment was found to be safe with only one patient reporting abdominal bloating.


UMLS:C4019433


NCIT:C35041

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique challenges for the treatment of substance use disorder (SUD), including stress, isolation, and limited access to physical and mental health care. These factors increase the risk of return to drug use and pose barriers to recovery. The pandemic has necessitated a rapid adaptation in treatment providers and facilities, with digital health interventions such as telehealth, wearables, mobile applications, and remote monitoring devices being used to convert in-person care to remote-based care. These tools can help address some of the pandemic-specific challenges to treatment.


UMLS:C0260397


UMLS:C0841622


UMLS:C3658310


UMLS:C5559827


UMLS:C0206077

Unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (UtPBM)

The paper discusses the use of unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (UtPBM), a novel therapy for Opioid Use Disorders (OUD). The therapy was applied to 42 patients over 18 months, with varying degrees of response. 62% of patients had observable beneficial responses, 19% had helpful but not remarkable responses, and 19% had no noticeable response. The therapy was found to be a safe and valuable addition to traditional psychotherapy and medication management for OUD.


UMLS:C0033968


UMLS:C2012940


UMLS:C4505348

The paper reviews the use of wearable and wireless mobile health (mHealth) technologies in the treatment of substance use disorders. The most commonly used technology is wearable sensors, which can help reduce heavy substance use, mitigate relapse factors, and monitor for overdose. These new technologies offer advantages over traditional therapies by increasing geographic availability and providing continuous feedback and monitoring in a non-invasive manner. The paper suggests that as these technologies continue to develop and prove effective, they should be integrated into multifactorial treatment plans.


UMLS:C0595621


NCBIGene:172864

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital tool, Realize Analyze Engage (RAE), in supporting recovery from Substance Use Disorder (SUD). The tool focuses on real-time detection of high-risk events such as stress and drug craving, and provides supportive interventions. The study will be conducted in two phases: an observational trial to assess the accuracy of the tool and a randomized controlled trial to evaluate its impact on patient outcomes. The RAE tool could potentially help manage stress and craving outside of clinical settings and provide clinicians with valuable insights for personalized recovery support.


NCBIGene:172864


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates the use of Transcutaneous Auricular Neurostimulation (tAN) as an adjuvant treatment for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), a condition that arises due to maternal opioid use during pregnancy. The primary treatment for NOWS is oral morphine, which has neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. tAN, a non-invasive form of electrostimulation, is delivered via an earpiece electrode targeting the vagus and trigeminal nerves. The study found that tAN was well-tolerated and resulted in no unanticipated adverse events. It also reduced the length of treatment with oral morphine, suggesting that tAN could be a promising alternative treatment for NOWS.


UMLS:C5702528

Transcutaneous Auricular Neurostimulation (tAN)


UMLS:C5702528


UMLS:C0001956

The paper reviews the use of wearable biosensors in the treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). These devices monitor physiological indicators of intoxication, such as changes in gait and sweat, to understand addiction and inform treatment. The biosensors provide continuous readings in a passive manner, compared to traditional methods like breathalyzer or blood draw. The two primary means of measuring intoxication with biosensors are through gait changes, measured via smart sensors placed on the wrist, in the shoe, and mobile device sensors in smart phones, and sweat, measured by transdermal biosensors that detect the presence of alcohol in the bloodstream. These devices have been used to monitor sobriety among offenders with AUD, track consumption throughout clinical trials for behavioral treatment modalities, and guide behavioral interventions for relapse prevention.


UMLS:C0600364


UMLS:C0235967


UMLS:C4053939

The study conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the feasibility of using video directly-observed therapy (DOT) for patients initiating buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). The results showed that the video DOT intervention did not result in improvements in illicit opioid use and treatment engagement compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU). The study was limited by low rates of intervention use.


UMLS:C0871355

The study found that sexual risk and problem substance use were significant predictors of HIV testing among emergency department patients aged 13-24 years. The study also found that the effect of problem substance use on testing is explained by sexual risk behavior. The use of automated screenings and tablet-based interventions were found to facilitate more accurate reporting of sexual behavior and substance use, and potentially increase HIV test uptake among those at risk.


UMLS:C0150359


UMLS:C0679800


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study discusses the implementation of a smartphone-smart debit card contingency management program to promote entry into medication-assisted treatment for opioid users who have recently received care in a hospital emergency department. This was developed in response to the significant increase in opioid-related drug overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic, which put a heavy burden on hospital emergency departments. The program was successfully implemented despite disruptions related to COVID-19, suggesting that technology-based contingency management may provide improved scalability, rigorous outcomes metrics, and lower costs than prior onsite, manual contingency management approaches.


MONDO:0100096


UMLS:C0683476

Smartphone-smart debit card contingency management program


MESH:C571901

The study investigates the effects of RAP-103, a multi-chemokine receptor antagonist (CRA), on opioid-induced adverse effects in male rats. The results show that RAP-103 reduces the severity of withdrawal responses from chronic morphine exposure, reduces heroin acquisition and reinforcing efficacy, and normalizes deficits in oxygen saturation and respiratory rate caused by morphine exposure. Additionally, RAP-103 normalizes morphine-induced deficits in chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 in the nucleus accumbens (NAC).


MESH:C571901


UMLS:C0752118

The paper discusses the role of T-type calcium channels, specifically the CaV3.2 isoform, in pain processing. These channels are expressed in nonpeptidergic and peptidergic nociceptive neurons and their expression or activity increases in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia neurons in different inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. The paper suggests that targeting proteins that regulate the trafficking or transcription of CaV3.2, or those that modify the channels via post-translational modifications, could be a new approach to developing drugs for pain control.


UMLS:C1721429


UniProtKB:A0A0J9X628

Proteins that regulate the trafficking or transcription of CaV3.2


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:12346245

The study synthesized a group of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole molecules and evaluated their selective T-type calcium channel inhibitions. The compound 5-Chloro-N-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (11) was found to selectively inhibit T-type Ca2+ channel over Na+ and K+ channels in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells. It also suppressed seizure-induced death in a mouse model. This suggests that compound 11 could be a potential therapeutic for chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pains.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3453348


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3453348

Chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pains


UMLS:C0949653

The paper suggests that Ca V 3.2 calcium channels are involved in facial pain.


MESH:C571901

The study investigates the effect of the multi-chemokine receptor antagonist RAP-103 on pain behaviors in acute and chronic pain models. In the acute model, RAP-103 had no effect on its own, but when combined with morphine, it reduced the effective dose of morphine. In a chronic model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), RAP-103 reversed established hypersensitivity. The treatment also resulted in significant reductions in the expression of cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, and chemokine CCL3 in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats.


UMLS:C1257975

The study demonstrates a new method to generate hyaline cartilage from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a low risk of ossification. This was achieved by culturing MSCs in a hyaluronic acid hydrogel with transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) for 14 days, followed by 7 days in TGFβ-free medium, supplemented with Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 from day 10-21. This resulted in a significant reduction in hypertrophy phenotype. The stability of the hyaline phenotype was tested through intramuscular implantation in nude mice. After 4 weeks, the optimized group showed no signs of mineralization and maintained cartilaginous histology. The study found that TGFβ treatment time affected p38 expression, while exposure to XAV939 significantly inhibited P-Smad 1/5 level, which together resulted in decreased level of Runx2.


UMLS:C0040691


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:135418940


PR:000014246


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper discusses the opioid crisis and the need for collaboration among academic, government, and industrial partners to develop effective nonaddictive pain medications, interventions for opioid overdose, and addiction treatments. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) held a 2-day meeting to address these concerns and to chart a collaborative path forward. The meeting was supported by the NIH Helping to End Addiction Long-TermSM (HEAL) Initiative. The symposium aimed to improve understanding of the etiology of acute and chronic pain, discover novel targets and regulatable pain circuits for safe and effective therapeutics, and identify relevant biomarkers for adequate testing in clinical trials.


UMLS:C1955888


GO:1990791

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons

The study presents a method to assess the quality of cell-based assays using extracellular recordings from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons cultured on multi-well microelectrode arrays. The researchers applied data transformations to electrophysiological parameters for valid normality assumptions and suitability for use as a sample signal. They used a robust version of the Z'-factor, based on the median and median absolute deviation, to indicate assay quality and assess hit identification of potential pharmacological compounds. The approach demonstrated a large signal dynamic range and reduced sensitivity to data variation compared to the standard Z'-factor used in high throughput screening (HTS). Known antagonists of nociceptor-specific voltage-gated sodium ion channels were identified as true hits in the assay format under both spontaneous and thermally stimulated conditions.


UniProtKB:A0A077KE37


UMLS:C1955886

Nociceptor-specific voltage-gated sodium ion channels


UMLS:C3503759

The study investigates the role of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 voltage-gated sodium channels in inflammatory pain. The research shows that the presence of inflammatory mediators, nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), increases the firing rates of adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The proteins Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 are found in cultured neurons and contribute to this increased activity. Blocking both Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 significantly impacts thermally evoked firing after treatment with IL-6 and NGF, suggesting their key role in inflammatory pain.


UMLS:C3494341


UMLS:C0027752


UMLS:C0063717


MONDO:0100096

The paper discusses the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), highlighting the similar effects of COVID-19 and opioid exposure such as compromised neuroimmunity, hypoxia, and respiratory depression. The authors propose the use of iPSC-derived brain organoid models as a potential tool to study the physiological connection between COVID-19 and OUD.


MONDO:0100096


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C5418894


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826

The study presents a novel bioengineered microphysiological system that allows for the coculturing of peripheral and dorsal spinal cord nerve cells. This system facilitates the emergence of native nerve tissue macrostructure and concerted synaptic function. The researchers found that different analgesics - morphine, lidocaine, and clonidine - modulate this microphysiological synaptic transmission in predictable ways. This system could be used to screen drug candidates for analgesic potential more efficiently.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3676


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:2803


UMLS:C0262593


UBERON:0005054


CHEBI:132889

The study investigates the use of graphene oxide (GO)-based nanosheets incorporated into methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) scaffolds to enhance osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The results showed high viability and metabolic activities in hMSCs encapsulated in the nanocomposites. The incorporation of GO and silica-coated graphene oxide (SiGO) significantly increased mineralization within hMSC-laden constructs. This was due to the enhancement of the production, retention, and biological activity of endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), specifically through the BMP-SMAD1/5 signaling pathway. Inhibition of this pathway with LDN-193189 treatment abolished the osteoinductive effect of the nanosheets. In vivo tests further confirmed the bone formation potential of this technology.


MESH:C000628730


CHEBI:132889

enhances production, retention, and biological activity of


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:54613581


UMLS:C0814023

The study investigates the voltage-gated calcium channels in human and rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. The high voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents in both species share basic biophysical and pharmacological properties. However, there are significant differences in the HVA currents in human neurons compared to rat neurons. These differences include a smaller Ca2+ current density, a greater proportion of nifedipine-sensitive currents, and a subpopulation of human neurons displaying relatively large constitutive current inhibition.


UMLS:C0814023


UniProtKB:A0A068WIZ4

High voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4485

High voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents


UMLS:C4722089

The paper discusses the challenges in developing effective, non-addictive analgesics for treating acute and chronic pain. The authors suggest that traditional target-based drug discovery methods, which focus on single targets, often fail due to poor clinical efficacy. They propose the use of stem cell-derived neuronal-based screening approaches for identifying analgesic targets and compounds.


UMLS:C4722089


UMLS:C0038250


UMLS:C0115621

The study investigates the role of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in pain perception by sensory neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The researchers found that eIF5A, which undergoes a unique posttranslational hypusine modification, is consistently expressed in different species and culture systems. Inhibition of hypusine biosynthesis prevented hyperalgesic priming by inflammatory mediators, suggesting that hypusine could be a potential target for treating inflammation-associated pain.


UMLS:C0115621

undergoes posttranslational modification by


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:65396

inhibition prevents hyperalgesic priming


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:65396


UniProtKB:A0A346B538

The study identifies STK25 as a kinase of the type Iα regulatory subunit PRKAR1A in human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). The phosphorylation of PRKAR1A by STK25 inhibits the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) and increases its binding to the catalytic subunit in the presence of cAMP. In mice, the absence of Stk25 reduces Prkar1a phosphorylation, increases Pka activity, and enhances the contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. This suggests that STK25 negatively regulates PKA signaling through the phosphorylation of PRKAR1A.


UniProtKB:A0A7J7JRJ7


UniProtKB:A0A346B538

negatively regulates through PRKAR1A phosphorylation


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6610315


UMLS:C0033131

The Whole Health Study is a clinical trial that aims to investigate the effectiveness of collaborative care in treating opioid use disorder (OUD) and co-occurring psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, or PTSD in primary care settings. The study will randomize approximately 1200 patients into three groups: Augmented Usual Care, Collaborative Care, and Collaborative Care Plus. The primary outcomes are six-month rates of opioid use and remission of co-occurring psychiatric disorders.


UMLS:C0586090


UMLS:C0184643


UMLS:C1444167


UMLS:C0235136

The paper discusses the design of a randomized trial called CLARO (Collaboration Leading to Addiction Treatment and Recovery from Other Stresses) which aims to improve care for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and co-occurring depression and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The trial will be conducted in 13 primary care clinics in New Mexico and will involve 900 patients. The primary outcomes to be measured are access to medications for OUD (MOUD), continuity of MOUD care, depression symptoms, and PTSD symptoms.


UMLS:C3166103


UMLS:C0304227

The study analyzed the association between prescription opioid use and suicide attempts using medical claims data from Connecticut. The study found that patients prescribed opioid medications for at least 6 months during the past year and at 20-50 MME levels or higher had 4.44 to 7.23 times the risk of attempted suicide compared to those not prescribed opioids. The risk of suicide attempt was significantly higher among patients with psychiatric conditions other than anxiety who were prescribed more frequent and higher opioid doses. However, more frequent and higher doses of prescription opioids were associated with lower risk of suicide attempts among patients with medical conditions necessitating pain management.


UMLS:C0304227

increases risk of suicide attempts in patients with


UMLS:C0304227

Medical conditions necessitating pain management

decreases risk of suicide attempts in patients with


UMLS:C4324621

The paper discusses the integration of peer support services into primary care for the treatment of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). The standard care for OUD is medication, particularly buprenorphine, due to its effectiveness and low toxicity. However, many patients discontinue treatment within the first six months, leading to various risks. Peer service programs, which combine lived experience with formal training, have shown promise in retaining patients in treatment. The paper describes a peer support program in the University of Pennsylvania Health System and discusses the challenges and lessons learned in implementing such a program.


UMLS:C4280105

University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS or Penn Medicine)


UMLS:C0917729

The paper discusses the potential of two ion channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, as targets for non-opioid pain medications. RyRs are intracellular calcium channels, and HCN channels belong to the superfamily of voltage-gated K+ channels. Both channels play a role in nociception, the response of the sensory nervous system to a noxious stimulus that commonly leads to pain, and neuropathic pain.


UMLS:C1956068

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels


UMLS:C0917729


UMLS:C1956068


UMLS:C0234194


UMLS:C0758186

Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) small antibodies

The study generated non-opioid single-chain variable fragment (scFv) small antibodies to block the P2X4R receptor as a method of reducing pain. The scFv antibodies were found to have similar binding activity to monoclonal antibodies but with stronger affinity and increased tissue penetrability due to their smaller size. Two anti-P2X4R scFv clones (95, 12) were tested in male and female mice with trigeminal nerve chronic neuropathic pain. A single dose of P2X4R scFv successfully, completely, and permanently reversed chronic neuropathic pain-like measures in male mice only. Untreated mice retained hypersensitivity and developed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors within 5 weeks. In vitro P2X4R scFv 95 treatment significantly increased the rheobase of larger-diameter trigeminal ganglia neurons from mice compared to controls.


UMLS:C0758186

Trigeminal nerve chronic neuropathic pain


UMLS:C4742900


MONDO:0021667

Trigeminal nerve chronic neuropathic pain


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:12225304

The study focuses on the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X1 (MRGPRX1), a human sensory neuron-specific receptor that could be a potential target for pain treatment. The researchers synthesized and evaluated a series of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based molecules as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of MRGPRX1 in HEK293 cells transfected with the human MrgprX1 gene. They discovered an orally available compound, 6-(tert-butyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1t), which can reach the spinal cord, the presumed site of action, after oral administration. This compound reduced behavioral heat hypersensitivity in a neuropathic pain model induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) in humanized MRGPRX1 mice, demonstrating the potential of MRGPRX1 PAMs in treating neuropathic pain.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:163391881


NCBIGene:259249


UMLS:C1173733

The study focuses on the design of peptides to target the NaV1.7 channel, which plays a significant role in pain transmission. The researchers used the ProTx-II peptide toxin from tarantula venom as a basis for designing potent and selective inhibitors of the human NaV1.7 channels. Two peptides, PTx2-3127 and PTx2-3258, were identified as having high potency and selectivity for the NaV1.7 channel. These peptides showed efficacy in rat models of chronic and thermal pain.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:132556404


UMLS:C3254012


MONDO:0024317

The study aimed to assess the feasibility and initial efficacy of an integrated psychosocial treatment for Veterans with chronic pain and hazardous opioid use. The treatment integrated two interventions: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain and Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention for opioid misuse. The results indicated a significant effect in favor of the integrated intervention for opioid misuse, pain interference, and pain behavior, supporting the feasibility of providing an integrated treatment for both opioid risk and pain interference.


UMLS:C3658321


UMLS:C0679867


HP:0032941

The study aims to test the effectiveness of a digital peri-operative cognitive-behavioral intervention (SurgeryPalTM) in preventing the transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion surgery. The intervention targets baseline psychosocial risk factors such as psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and low pain self-efficacy, which are known to predict higher acute pain and likelihood of developing chronic postsurgical pain. The study will assess acute pain severity and interference, opioid use, chronic pain severity and interference, health-related quality of life (HRQL), parent and adolescent distress, sleep quality, and opioid use/misuse.


HP:0002360


UMLS:C4075347


CHEBI:30879

The study examined the misuse of opioids and alcohol in 211 veterans with chronic pain who were prescribed opioids. The results showed that 32% were not misusing either substance, 23% were misusing both, 40% were misusing opioids, and 5% were misusing alcohol. Veterans not misusing either substance were generally less distressed compared to those misusing opioids or both. The study suggests a need for increased focus on polysubstance misuse and the development of integrated treatment.


UMLS:C0242402


CHEBI:30879


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates the effects of intranasal leptin on opioid-induced sleep-disordered breathing in obese mice. The researchers found that morphine, an opioid, significantly increased the frequency of apneas and the severity of hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnea in obese mice. However, treatment with intranasal leptin decreased the frequency of apneas, improved obstructive sleep apnea, and completely reversed hypoventilation. Additionally, the analgesic effect of morphine was enhanced. In vitro studies showed that the μ-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin reduced the frequency of excitatory postsynaptic currents in hypoglossal motoneurons, and the application of leptin restored excitatory synaptic neurotransmission.


PR:000009758


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:101981638


PR:000009758

The paper investigates the effect of intranasal leptin on survival after opioid overdose in a mouse model. The main finding is that leptin, when administered intranasally, improves survival rates in mice after opioid overdose.


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the relationship between opioid use and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Opioids, which are commonly prescribed for pain management, can affect breathing control and impair upper airway function, leading to central apneas, upper airway obstruction, and hypoxemia during sleep. The presence of OSA increases the risk of opioid-induced respiratory depression. However, the question of whether opioids can aggravate OSA remains unanswered. The paper also discusses the effects of opioids on the upper airway and hypoglossal motor activity.


MONDO:0007147


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345

The study investigates the effects of high-dose fentanyl-induced acute muscle rigidity on respiratory mechanics and metabolic rate in sedated rats. The results showed that fentanyl significantly decreased the compliance of the respiratory system and increased oxygen consumption, leading to hypoxemia. Dexmedetomidine, a central α-2 agonist, was found to counteract these effects, increasing respiratory compliance, decreasing metabolic rate, and restoring normoxemia. The researchers suggest that the changes in respiratory mechanics and metabolism caused by opioid-induced muscle rigidity contribute to fentanyl toxicity.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5311068


UMLS:C0181956

The study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of acupuncture as a treatment for chronic pain in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). The pilot study involved six adults with SCD who reported chronic pain for at least three months. The acupuncture treatment was administered twice per week for five weeks. The results showed that all participants had reduced pain intensity and pain interference after the intervention. The study concluded that it was feasible and acceptable to implement acupuncture in adults with SCD.


UMLS:C4076268


UMLS:C0696573

The study describes the development of an acupuncture intervention protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (PRCT) aimed at managing chronic low back pain (cLBP) in older adults. The protocol was developed through a consensus process involving an Acupuncture Advisory Panel (AAP) consisting of physician-acupuncturists, licensed acupuncturists, and an acupuncture researcher. The protocol includes details on care session length, number of needle insertion sites, insertion depths, needle retention times, types of needles, areas of the body to be treated, acupuncture point options, auricular point options, self-care options, and the minimum number of sessions considered ideal.


UMLS:C0450925


UMLS:C2698651

The OPTIMUM study is a randomized clinical trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a telehealth group mindfulness program, based on mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), for individuals with chronic low back pain (cLBP). The study will be conducted in various healthcare settings in the US, with 450 patients randomly assigned to either the mindfulness program combined with medical group visits (MGV) or usual primary care provider (PCP) care. The primary outcome measure is the PEG (Pain, enjoyment, and general activity) at the 6-month follow-up. The study will also assess psychological function, healthcare resource use, and opioid prescriptions.


UMLS:C5769522


UMLS:C2698651

PEG (Pain, enjoyment, and general activity)


UMLS:C2698651


UMLS:C3510311

The study investigates the effect of Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in combination with routine physical therapy on movement-evoked pain in individuals with fibromyalgia. The study, known as FM-TIPS, is a phase III trial involving over 110 physical therapists across 24 to 30 clinics in 6 healthcare systems and 7 states. The primary outcome is the reduction in movement-evoked pain from baseline to Day 60. Secondary outcomes include resting pain and fatigue, pain interference, fibromyalgia disease activity, movement-evoked fatigue, and patient global impression of change.


UMLS:C0949766


UMLS:C3510311


UMLS:C1328956

The BeatPain study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two non-pharmacologic treatment strategies for chronic low back pain (LBP) using telehealth. The strategies include a brief pain consult (BPC) and telehealth physical therapy (PT) provided either adaptively or sequentially. The study will recruit 500 participants who will be assessed at baseline, and at 12, 26, and 52 weeks follow-ups. The primary outcome is the Pain, Enjoyment and General Activity measure of pain impact.


UMLS:C1511326


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study developed and validated a predictive model to identify patients on chronic opioid therapy who are at high risk of opioid overdose and could benefit from naloxone, an opioid antagonist. The model was developed using data from 42,828 patients and validated in 10,708 patients. The model showed good calibration and discrimination in the derivation site, identifying 66-82% of all subsequent opioid overdoses. However, it showed less than ideal calibration in the validation site due to population differences.


UMLS:C1514306


UMLS:C4019080

The study investigates the combined influence of psychosocial and neural protective mechanisms against substance use in youth with a family history of substance use disorder (SUD). The research found that greater activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during correctly inhibited trials on the Go/No-Go task was a significant predictor of resilience against binge drinking and marijuana use. This was over and above greater reactive control in early adolescence and lower externalizing behavior in late adolescence. However, neural activation in the ventral striatum associated with reward anticipation during the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT) was not a significant predictor of resilience.


UBERON:0005403


UMLS:C0679258

Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS)

The study examined the nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) for study enhancement (SE) among US high school students. The students were divided into four subgroups based on their use of NMUPS. The study found that all NMUPS subgroups had significantly higher odds of binge drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana, and nonmedical opioid use. The grade point averages (GPAs) were significantly lower among subgroups reporting NMUPS for nonstudy motives. The study concluded that NMUPS for SE does not result in superior academic performance and is associated with greater substance-related problems.


UMLS:C0679258


UMLS:C1690135

The study investigates pain management practices among American Indians and Alaska Natives in a rural tribal clinic in Southern California. The study found that being male, younger, and having less education were strong predictors for riskier methods for managing pain. The findings will help in developing strategies for reducing and preventing misuse and abuse of prescription medications and other drugs in rural American Indian and Alaska Native communities.


EFO:0003843


UMLS:C0679258

Nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO)

The study investigates the characteristics associated with nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) in adolescents and their relationship to subsequent substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms in early midlife. The study found that adolescents who reported NMUPO for pain relief, NMUPO involving opioid analgesics with high misuse potential, or multiple prescription opioids had significantly greater odds of SUD symptoms at age 35. Additionally, medical use of prescription opioids after initiating NMUPO during adolescence was associated with significantly greater odds of subsequent SUD symptoms at age 35.


UMLS:C3653393

Nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO)


UMLS:C0001578


UMLS:C3661444

The study developed and evaluated an Opioid Safety Clinic (OSC) initiative to enhance adherence to guidelines on the assessment and monitoring of patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy (COT). The OSC was found to improve adherence to guideline-concordant COT in primary care. Patients who attended the OSC were more likely to have completed a pain assessment, completed a urine toxicology, or had naloxone dispensed over 12 months of follow-up.


UMLS:C3661444


UMLS:C0679258

Nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD)

The study examined the sources of nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) among US high school seniors and their association with sociodemographic characteristics, NMUPD characteristics, and other substance use. It was found that approximately 11.0% of high school seniors reported past-year NMUPD, with a significant proportion obtaining the drugs from multiple sources. Five subgroups of NMUPD sources were identified: friend/relative sources, friend/purchased sources, own leftover prescription, multiple sources, and other sources. Different NMUPD sources were associated with different substance use behaviors. The study suggests that all NMUPD sources should be discouraged and education on proper management and disposal of controlled medications should be provided to patients and their families.


UMLS:C2936611

The study examined the impact of the Affordable Care Act on the opioid crisis in West Virginia, focusing on the treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) among people enrolled in the Medicaid expansion program. The study found that about 5.5% of all enrollees were diagnosed with OUD per year, and the monthly prevalence of OUD diagnoses nearly tripled during the three-year period. The ratio of people filling buprenorphine, a medication used to treat OUD, to the number diagnosed with OUD increased from one-third in early 2014 to more than 75% by late 2016. The mean annual duration of filled buprenorphine also increased, and most people filling buprenorphine also received counseling and drug testing.


UMLS:C0025071


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study investigates the impact of naloxone access laws (NALs) on fatal and nonfatal opioid overdoses in the United States from 2005 to 2016. The results show that NALs granting direct authority to pharmacists to provide naloxone were associated with significant reductions in fatal overdoses. However, these laws may also increase nonfatal overdoses resulting in emergency department visits. The effect sizes for fatal overdoses grew over time relative to the adoption of the NALs. There was little evidence of an association for indirect authority to dispense and other NALs.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:71774987


UMLS:C0001588

The study investigates how adolescents and their parents manage controlled prescription medications at home. The study found that most families do not follow all recommended safe management strategies for these medications. Families with an adolescent prescription for a controlled medication were more likely to use several core management strategies. Families with a household pain reliever were more likely to not keep spare pills in inappropriate locations.


UMLS:C0425164


UMLS:C2127450

Families with an adolescent prescription for a controlled medication

more likely to use core management strategies


UMLS:C0719279

more likely to not keep spare pills in inappropriate locations


UMLS:C0871042

Juvenile probation/parole officers (JPOs)

The study presents findings from a trial conducted in rural communities where juvenile probation/parole officers (JPOs) were trained to deliver contingency management (CM), an evidence-based intervention for substance use, to justice-involved youth. The results showed that JPOs can feasibly incorporate CM into their services and deliver it at similar or even greater capacities than clinically trained therapists. This task-shifting approach could significantly increase access to substance use services for high-risk youth in rural areas where such services are limited or nonexistent.


UMLS:C0683476


UMLS:C0871042


UMLS:C0871042

deliver intervention at similar or greater capacity than


HP:0033360


UMLS:C0682358


UMLS:C0242402

The study identified five trajectories of prescription drug misuse (opioids, stimulants, and sedatives or tranquilisers) from adolescence into adulthood, with the defining characteristic being the age when high-frequency misuse peaked. All misuse trajectories were associated with significantly greater odds of having two or more substance use disorder symptoms at age 35 years, especially the later peak trajectories. Risk factors associated with the high-risk latest peak prescription drug misuse trajectory included high school heavy drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana use, poly-prescription drug misuse, white race, and not completing a 4-year university degree.


UMLS:C0017078


UMLS:C2191336


UMLS:C0556345


UMLS:C0239060


UMLS:C3166231


UMLS:C0581388


UMLS:C4062003

The study investigates the association of state policies regarding substance use during pregnancy with rates of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). The study found that in states with punitive policies, the odds of NAS were significantly higher during the first full calendar year after enactment and more than 1 full year after enactment. However, there was no association between reporting policies and odds of NAS.


UMLS:C0242456


UMLS:C0700219

The study found that the decline in adolescent cigarette smoking from 2000 to 2018 has led to a decrease in the prevalence of other drug use among adolescents. The study analyzed data from over 1.2 million US students and found that the overall prevalence of non-medical amphetamine, tranquilliser, and opioid use has either remained the same or increased among ever and never cigarette smokers. However, when these two groups were combined, the overall prevalence of each of these drugs declined by about half. This decline is attributed to the growing group of never smokers, whose levels of non-medical drug use were at least four times lower than the levels of ever smokers. The results support the 'gateway' theory that declines in cigarette smoking among adolescents lead to a decrease in their non-medical use of amphetamines, tranquillisers, and opioids.


UMLS:C0700219