UMLS:C0242402

The study examined opioid use in adolescents aged 14-18 years who were prescribed these medications for acute noncancer pain in pediatric outpatient medical settings. It was found that the majority of the youth filled the opioid prescription and the frequency of use varied widely. No gender differences were observed in the percentage of opioid use days, despite females reporting higher pain and mood symptoms. Greater pain experiences and the number of pills prescribed were positively associated with opioid use. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with greater opioid use, while higher daily reports of worried or scared affect were associated with lower opioid use.


HP:0012531


UMLS:C0086132


UMLS:C0233481


UMLS:C0242402

The study examined the relationship between prescription opioid use and misuse during adolescence and subsequent heroin use in adulthood. The study found that adolescents who reported nonmedical prescription opioid misuse followed by medical use or nonmedical misuse only had a higher likelihood of any heroin use in adulthood than those with no lifetime exposure to prescription opioids. Furthermore, more recent cohorts of adolescents who reported nonmedical misuse or medical use only had a higher likelihood of any heroin use in adulthood relative to older cohorts. Nearly one in three adolescents in recent cohorts who reported nonmedical prescription opioid misuse transitioned to any heroin use.


UMLS:C0205653


UMLS:C3658310

The paper discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the treatment of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and the availability of parenting resources for people with SUDs. The transition to mobile technology for SUD treatment due to physical distancing during the pandemic has potentially limited the availability of parenting resources. The paper suggests that the rapid integration of parenting supports into telehealth and web-based treatment delivery is essential for improving long-term outcomes for families affected by substance use.


UMLS:C0418946

Telehealth and web-based treatment delivery

needs integration into for improving SUD treatment outcomes


UMLS:C0242402

The study found that opioid-related overdoses have significantly increased among adolescents and young adults. The study compared the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of female and male youths who have experienced a nonfatal opioid overdose (NFOD). It was found that female youths had a higher prevalence of mood or anxiety disorder, trauma and stress-related disorders, and history of suicide attempt or self-harm. Male youths had a higher prevalence of opioid use disorder, cannabis use disorder, and alcohol use disorder. The incidence rate ratio of NFODs in females vs males was greater than 1 for ages 11 to 16 years and was less than or equal to 1 after age 17 years.


UMLS:C0282233

The study examined the co-use of methamphetamine and opioids among people in treatment in Oregon. Initial urinalysis of 102 specimens showed that 61% contained methamphetamine, with non-fentanyl opioids being three times as common in methamphetamine positive specimens. The study found three main factors impacting co-use: stigma regarding methamphetamine use, community-level factors and temporality, and patient rationales for co-use, such as mitigating the harms of heroin or managing its effects. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the expertise of people who co-use opioids and methamphetamine in future program planning.


UMLS:C3653393


UMLS:C0556616


UMLS:C0006019

The study investigates the relationship between boredom, sensation seeking, and their interaction with substance use, externalizing behavior, and depressive affect in adolescents. The research found that both boredom and sensation seeking were significantly associated with most dependent variables. Significant interaction effects were observed where individuals high on both boredom and sensation seeking reported the highest levels of depressive affect and externalizing behavior. No significant interaction effects were found for substance use. Gender moderation was found for depressive affect. The study suggests that prevention efforts that attend to both boredom and sensation seeking may be effective for promoting mental health and preventing externalizing behavior.


UMLS:C0871336


UMLS:C0006019


UMLS:C0079399


UMLS:C1960643

The study assessed the impact of the Opioid Reduction Act (SB 273) in West Virginia, which limited the supply of chronic and first-time opioid prescriptions. Data from the state Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) was analyzed, including the number of opioid prescriptions, first-time opioid prescriptions, average daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME), and prescription duration. The results showed a significant decrease in overall state opioid prescribing and a small change in average daily MME associated with the date of the legislation's enactment. However, there was no association found with first-time opioid prescriptions or days' supply of opioid medication.


UMLS:C1960643


MONDO:0005371

The study found that among youth aged 11 to 25 years who were prescribed an initial opioid, 0.3% developed an opioid use disorder or experienced an overdose within the following year. Factors associated with increased risk included mood/anxiety disorders, substance use, and prescriptions involving long-acting opioids or long durations. Comorbid substance use disorders were present in 72.8% of youth experiencing an opioid-related complication, including alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and other substance use disorders.


UMLS:C1829462


UMLS:C3850135


UMLS:C2350518

The study investigates the impact of electronic prescribing mandates for controlled substances on opioid supply and opioid-related overdoses. The mandates, which require controlled substances to be prescribed electronically directly to the pharmacy, were first enforced in New York in March 2016. The study found that the mandate reduced the rate of overdoses involving natural and semi-synthetic opioids by 22%. However, there was little evidence of any corresponding changes in overdose rates involving illicit opioids.


UMLS:C2350518


UMLS:C3540782

The study investigates the relationship between retention in outpatient substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and pharmacotherapy for comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study found that ADHD was diagnosed in 9.4% of outpatients and was associated with younger age, comorbid cocaine use, and private insurance. Individuals not receiving ADHD pharmacotherapy were younger than those receiving medication. ADHD pharmacotherapy was associated with greater long-term retention in SUD treatment, with those not receiving ADHD medication having a 4.9-fold increased likelihood of attrition within 90 days. The study concludes that ADHD pharmacotherapy is robustly associated with improved short- and longer-term retention in outpatient SUD treatment.


UMLS:C3250662


MONDO:0007743


UMLS:C3540782


UMLS:C0023252

Office-based buprenorphine treatment (OBBT)

The study reviews state laws in the US regarding office-based buprenorphine treatment (OBBT) for opioid use disorder (OUD). Since 2005, 10 states have passed 181 OBBT laws. The laws cover various aspects such as provider credentials, patient symptoms, patient education, counseling, patient monitoring, clinician monitoring, and patient safety. Some of these laws codify practices that lack scientific consensus. The results could serve as a basis for a typology of office-based treatment laws, which could facilitate empirical examination of policy impacts on treatment access and quality.


UMLS:C0023252


UMLS:C4018909

The study examined the use of buprenorphine, a medication used to treat opioid use disorder, among adults with employer-based insurance during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research found that the weekly use of buprenorphine remained relatively stable from January to August 2020. The study did not find any consistent change in the use of buprenorphine based on county-level measures of COVID-19 case rate, fatal drug overdose rate, and racial composition. However, use was consistently higher in counties with the highest fatal drug overdose rates.


HP:0012532

The study investigates the prevalence of chronic pain among veterans and non-veterans, and the use of cannabis as a treatment. The data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III was analyzed. The results showed that chronic pain was more prevalent among veterans. Among veterans, frequent cannabis use was more common among those with pain, especially in states with medical cannabis laws. However, the study did not find evidence to support the hypothesis that cannabis use improves mental or physical health for veterans with pain.


UMLS:C0939898


UMLS:C0814552

The systematic review examined the relationship between social connection and opioid misuse. The study found that social connection is an important correlate of opioid misuse, with both positive and negative associations. However, due to the high risk of bias and variability among research studies, there is a need for standardization of measurement and larger studies with diverse populations. The evidence regarding the associations between social connection and opioid misuse or disorder is sparse.


UMLS:C4298416

The study investigates the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and patterns of substance use during young adulthood. The study found that individuals who reported ACEs had a higher proportion of polysubstance use, including opioids and prescription medications, and were less likely to transition out of a riskier class. The study also found that mental health status and biological sex influenced these patterns.


UMLS:C4298416


UMLS:C0025353


UMLS:C1522384


UMLS:C0679775

The study investigates the effectiveness of the Families Actively Improving Relationships (FAIR) program in treating families involved in the child welfare system with parental substance abuse, specifically opioid and methamphetamine abuse. The FAIR program integrates substance abuse and mental health treatment, parent skills training, and supportive case management. The study found significant reductions in parental opioid and methamphetamine use, mental health symptoms, and parenting risk, and improvements in stability in parents receiving FAIR. However, providing services to families who require travel in excess of 20 miles for sessions has challenging implications for program costs under a Medicaid structure.


UMLS:C0679775


UMLS:C4272615

The National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS) was established to identify and monitor emerging drugs in the United States. However, the rapid development of novel psychoactive substances has complicated this task. The Drug Outbreak Testing Service (DOTS) study tested the feasibility of recruiting organizations to submit urine specimens for testing for approximately 240 drugs, at no cost to them. The results showed extensive polydrug use and geographic differences in the drugs detected. All sites found the DOTS collaborating laboratory's test results to be very useful for understanding the types of drugs being used recently and to assess the adequacy of their testing protocols.


UMLS:C0497762


UMLS:C1277699


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the development of an online version of the Family Check-Up (FCU), a program designed to enhance parenting skills and prevent substance use, specifically targeting families with opioid use histories. The online platform and telehealth model allow for wide-scale dissemination, especially in remote, rural areas where addiction rates are high but services are limited. The FCU Online includes new modules focusing on harm reduction for parents with substance abuse histories, including opioid use.


UMLS:C4277573

The study investigated the relationship between different types of victimization and opioid use in late adolescence and young adulthood. The study identified four classes of victimization and trauma-related characteristics: sexual abuse and indirect violence with high trauma characteristics, high all with high trauma characteristics, chronic emotional abuse with a trusted perpetrator, and low all. The study found that sexual/gender minority status, sex assigned at birth, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status influenced the risk of class membership. The study also found that all classes had a shorter latency to opioid use compared to the low all class. Self-efficacy and neighborhood cohesion were identified as protective factors that decrease the risk of opioid use.


UMLS:C4019317


UMLS:C1830368


UMLS:C0086996


UMLS:C0456387


UMLS:C0600564


UMLS:C0237515


UMLS:C0700549

has no meaningful population-level effects

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and implementability of various state-level naloxone policies in preventing fatal opioid overdose. An online ExpertLens platform was used to conduct a three-round modified-Delphi process with 46 key stakeholders. The experts reached consensus on all items and perceived all policies to generate moderate-to-large increases in naloxone pharmacy distribution. However, only three policies were expected to yield substantive decreases on fatal overdose: statewide standing/protocol order, over-the-counter supply, and statewide "free naloxone." Of these, only statewide standing/protocol orders were rated as highly affordable and equitable, and unlikely to generate meaningful population-level effects on opioid use disorder (OUD) or nonfatal opioid-related overdose.


UMLS:C0814681

The study investigates the relationship between state medical cannabis laws (MCL) and the risk of fatal opioid overdose from 2000-2011 using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The study found no significant association between state MCLs and the rate of opioid overdose for the periods 2000-2005 and 2006-2011. The findings suggest that MCLs do not have a protective effect on opioid overdoses.


UMLS:C3274639

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)

The study found a significant association between the rates of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and the rates of infant foster care entries in the US. Data from 580 US counties from 2009-17 showed that for every one diagnosis of NOWS per ten births, there was a 41% higher rate of infant foster care entry. Additionally, rural county residence was associated with a 19% higher rate of infant foster entry. Higher employment rates were associated with lower rates of infant foster care entry.


UMLS:C5691416


UMLS:C0014003


UMLS:C2047184

The study investigated the feasibility and efficacy of an adapted Housing First model, combined with prevention services, for young adults experiencing homelessness in the USA. The prevention services included youth-centered advocacy services, motivational interviewing, and HIV risk prevention services. The study found that the model was feasible to deliver and that the youth engaged in the supportive intervention services. The model also led to a significant decrease in drug use, drug use consequences, cognitive distortions, and the size of youths' social networks that were drug using individuals. However, alcohol use did not change significantly over time.


UMLS:C2047184


CHEBI:35482

The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of hospital-based strategies to address the opioid epidemic in the USA. The strategies included standard hospital care, expanded inpatient prescribing of medications for opioid use disorder, implementation of addiction consult services, and a combined strategy. The results showed that expanding medications for opioid use disorder with bridge prescriptions reduced hospitalizations and overdose deaths by 3.2% and 3.6% respectively. The combined strategy reduced hospitalizations and overdoses by 5.2% and 6.6% respectively. The combined interventions could improve life expectancy and be cost-effective.


CHEBI:35482


UMLS:C0205195


UMLS:C0701445

The study investigates the community-level factors associated with the distribution of naloxone, a medication that reverses opioid overdoses, under a naloxone standing order (NSO) in Massachusetts. The research found that naloxone dispensing under NSO has increased over time. However, communities with a higher percentage of Hispanic ethnicity and rural communities were less likely to dispense naloxone under NSO. Communities with more individuals treated with buprenorphine and those with more opioid-related overdose deaths dispensed more naloxone under NSO. The findings suggest a need for more equitable access to naloxone.


UMLS:C2135343


UMLS:C0086944


MONDO:0005258

The study investigates the presence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in young adults seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). Using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2), the study found that a significant proportion of these patients exhibited clinically elevated autistic traits. Furthermore, those with elevated SRS-2 scores were more likely to have a stimulant use disorder or an opioid use disorder, as well as alcohol use in the week prior to intake.


UMLS:C0451486


MONDO:0005258


UMLS:C4505167

Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs)

The study examined the impact of state policies such as prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) and duration limits on high-risk opioid prescribing from 2007 to 2018. The study found that initial prescriptions for more than 7 days declined from 23.8% in 2007 to 14.9% in 2018, associated with mandatory and interoperable PDMPs and prescription duration limits. Initial prescriptions with daily MME greater than 90 declined from 13.2% to 1.9%, associated with pain management clinic laws. However, initial prescriptions concurrent with benzodiazepines declined only modestly from 6.9% to 6.5%, associated with pain management clinic laws. The study suggests that new policies should be considered in light of the prevalence of the problem being addressed.


UMLS:C3889104


UMLS:C0027413


UMLS:C1510818

The study investigates the prevalence of state laws that regulate the prescription of buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder (OUD), by advanced practice clinicians (APCs) such as nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs). The research found that one state prohibits all APCs from prescribing buprenorphine for OUD, five states require PA supervision by a federally waivered physician, and three states require NP supervision by a federally waivered physician.


UMLS:C0028657


UMLS:C0031833


UMLS:C0700549

The study conducted a trial to determine the effects of pharmacy-based naloxone co-dispensing with opioids. The trial found that co-dispensing naloxone with opioids did not increase opioid risk behavior. However, it did increase naloxone acquisition and patient knowledge about naloxone administration. There was no significant change in opioid dose and other substance use.


UMLS:C0700549

Patient knowledge about naloxone administration


UMLS:C0700549


UMLS:C0003212

The study examined trends in prescriptions for opioid and non-opioid pain medications in the U.S. from 2014 to 2018. It was found that the percentage of participants receiving a prescription for opioids declined, remained stable for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and increased for acetaminophen, antidepressants, and gabapentinoids. The adjusted odds of receiving an opioid prescription decreased, while the adjusted odds of receiving antidepressant, gabapentinoid, and acetaminophen prescriptions increased. Physicians are increasingly turning to CDC-recommended non-opioid medications for pain management, particularly antidepressants and gabapentinoids.


UMLS:C0301389


MESH:C103257


UMLS:C4745139


CHEBI:30879

The study aims to implement and evaluate a multi-level community intervention to prevent the onset and escalation of opioid and other drug misuse among adolescents and young adults in the Cherokee Nation. The intervention combines community organizing, school-based brief intervention and referral, skill-based training for adults, and strategic media. The effectiveness of the intervention will be measured through a cluster randomized trial involving 20 high schools. Primary outcomes include the number of days of any alcohol use, heavy alcohol use, any marijuana use, and prescription opioid misuse.


UMLS:C0939898


UMLS:C0242402


CHEBI:30879


NCIT:C27003

The study investigated the patterns and predictors of daily acute pain in adolescents undergoing treatment for pain. Three trajectories of pain intensity were identified: slow decrease, rapid decrease, and stable or slight increase. Adolescents with stable pain showed the highest levels of anxiety. Better sleep quality was associated with lower pain intensity and interference the following day, even when accounting for opioid use. The study suggests that future research should use intensive longitudinal methodology to guide intervention development and prevent the transition to chronic pain.


NCIT:C27003


UMLS:C0424563


UMLS:C0242402

The study investigates the impact of SB 273, a legislation aimed at reducing opioid-related harms in West Virginia, on patients and providers. The study found that the fear of disciplinary action and the restrictive nature of the legislation led to an exacerbation of opioid prescribing fear, shifts in care, treatment gaps, and conversion to illicit substances. The researchers suggest a holistic and patient-centered approach by legislative and disciplinary bodies to ensure patients are not abandoned when disciplinary actions are taken against prescribers or new legislation is passed.


UMLS:C1138603


UMLS:C1320105

The study used a mathematical model to estimate the impact of offering buprenorphine-naloxone treatment at syringe service programs (SSPs) in Massachusetts, USA. The results showed that the intervention scenario, where 30% of SSP clients initiated buprenorphine treatment on-site at least once annually, averted 4797 fatal opioid overdoses and resulted in 129,359 additional treatment initiations compared to the status quo. The intervention scenario was also found to be cost-effective, saving $3612 per person and accumulating more quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) compared to the status quo.


UMLS:C0556027

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The study used simulation modeling to analyze the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of initiating medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) during inpatient detox programs in Massachusetts, USA. The results showed that initiating MOUD in detox with perfect linkage to outpatient MOUD would reduce fatal overdoses by 4.5%, at an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $56,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, compared with the standard of care. With moderate linkage, fatal overdoses would be reduced by 2.3% with an ICER of $78,500 per QALY gained. The budgetary increase to Massachusetts health-care spending ranged from 0.5-1%.


UMLS:C0038586

associated with increased use in adulthood

The study investigates the long-term effects of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) symptoms from adolescence to adulthood. It was found that adolescents with severe SUD symptoms at age 18 had a higher likelihood of prescription drug use and misuse in adulthood. Most adults who were prescribed opioids, sedatives, or tranquilizers had multiple SUD symptoms during adolescence. The study suggests that severe SUD symptoms in adolescence can lead to more deleterious outcomes in adulthood.


UMLS:C0038586


UMLS:C5202993

associated with increased risk of misuse

The study found that higher polygenic risk scores (PRS) for lifetime cannabis use, heavy drinking, and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased risk of opioid misuse in an African-American sample. The study also found that higher PRS for heavy drinking and alcohol consumption were associated with a higher likelihood of opioid misuse among males, but not females.


UMLS:C5202993


UMLS:C0086582

higher PRS associated with higher likelihood of opioid misuse


UMLS:C0086287

higher PRS not associated with higher likelihood of opioid misuse


UMLS:C0242402

The study found that young adult opioid misuse is indicative of a general tendency toward substance use and is strongly influenced by the risk for substance use. The research also found that opioid-specific risk factors play a minor independent role. The study suggests that existing evidence-based substance use interventions may be effective in preventing opioid misuse among young adults.


UMLS:C0564636

The study found that changes in perceived and objective neighborhood social environment during adolescence have an impact on alcohol and marijuana use in emerging adulthood. Specifically, increasing perceived disorganization was associated with greater alcohol consequences and socialization with peers using marijuana. Decreasing objective neighborhood SES was linked to fewer alcohol consequences and greater socialization with peers drinking alcohol. Interestingly, both decreasing and increasing perceived social cohesion were associated with fewer alcohol consequences, and increasing perceived social cohesion was linked to lower solitary alcohol use.


UMLS:C0564636


UMLS:C5688236

predicts fewer consequences and greater use


UMLS:C0237515

predicts fewer consequences and lower solitary use


UMLS:C1328956

The study examines the various strategies implemented by federal and state governments to provide access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The policies focused on four key areas: telehealth, privacy, licensing, and medication for OUD treatment. The study found that while all states have adopted at least one policy in these areas, no state has comprehensively implemented all of these policies. The study emphasizes the need for evaluations to account for the variation in state approaches as the interactions between policies may limit the potential effectiveness of any single policy approach.


UMLS:C0680545


UMLS:C0242373


UMLS:C0700549

The study aimed to understand expert views on state-level naloxone access laws (NALs) in the US, which are used to expand naloxone availability as a harm reduction strategy against the opioid epidemic. The study found that the effectiveness of NALs in reducing opioid-related mortality depends on their ability to significantly increase population-level naloxone availability. Experts generally believed that increased naloxone availability does not significantly impact the prevalence of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder (OUD), and non-fatal opioid overdoses. However, implementation barriers include public stigma, naloxone affordability, and reliance on an inequitable healthcare system. Experts suggest that high-value NALs should address these issues and target settings beyond community pharmacies to distribute naloxone.


UMLS:C0700549


UMLS:C1997897

The paper discusses the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) initiative, the HEAL Prevention Cooperative (HPC), which aims to develop effective prevention interventions for older adolescents and young adults at risk for opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD). The HPC includes an economic evaluation component to provide information on the costs, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of these interventions. The primary objectives of the economic evaluation are to estimate the intervention implementation costs to providers, estimate the cost-effectiveness of each intervention for reducing opioid misuse initiation and escalation among youth, and use simulation modeling to estimate the budget impact of broader implementation of the interventions within the various settings over multiple years.


UMLS:C1997897


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C0242402

The Helping to End Addiction Long-Term (HEAL) Prevention Cooperative (HPC) is developing 10 different interventions to prevent opioid misuse and opioid use disorder. The aim is to compare the impacts of these interventions on the initiation, escalation, severity, and disorder of opioid misuse and to identify if any interventions are more effective for certain individuals. The paper discusses the strategies and processes used to harmonize HPC data, including a strategy to measure opioid use that spans the spectrum of opioid use experiences. The limitations and opportunities of this approach are also reviewed.


UMLS:C0847035


UMLS:C2713450


UMLS:C0033420

The study used a 3-round modified Delphi process to gather expert consensus on the effectiveness and implementability of state-level opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment policies. The study found that facilitated access to medications for OUD and automatic Medicaid enrollment for citizens returning from correctional settings were viewed as highly implementable and effective. However, policies such as hub-and-spoke-type policies and provision of financial incentives to emergency departments for treatment linkage faced implementation barriers due to feasibility and affordability. Coercive policies and policies imposing additional requirements on individuals with OUD were viewed as low-value policies.


UMLS:C0021147


UMLS:C0003390


UMLS:C0202295


UMLS:C1273546


MONDO:0021895

The study investigates the role of jaw function, psychological factors, and chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) in the development of pain-related disability in patients with chronic Temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Data was collected from 400 participants with chronic TMD and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that jaw function is the strongest predictor of pain-related disability, followed by psychological unease and COPCs. The findings support the potential value of targeting physical therapy such as jaw exercise along with psychological interventions as multidisciplinary nonpharmacological therapeutic solutions.


MONDO:0024317

Chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs)


UMLS:C0575114


UMLS:C0558082


UMLS:C4743602

The study found that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) plays a key role in the acquisition and maintenance of opiate-associated memories through its projections to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The activity of the PVT→CeA pathway associates morphine reward with the environment. Transient inhibition of the PVT→NAc pathway during retrieval provides enduring protection against opiate-primed relapse. The study also found that activating the downstream NAc→lateral hypothalamus (LH) pathway can prevent relapse. These findings suggest that the PVT→NAc→LH pathway could be a potential target for treating opioid addiction.


UMLS:C4743602


UMLS:C4743602

orchestrates acquisition and maintenance of


UMLS:C1622105


HP:0002360

The paper discusses the bi-directional relationship between sleep/alertness disturbance and substance use disorders (SUD). It suggests that sleep/alertness disturbance impacts all phases of the addiction cycle, including initiation, maintenance, and relapse of SUD. The study reviews various substances and concludes that sleep/alertness disturbance is a crucial factor in understanding and treating SUD.


HP:0002360


UMLS:C5392947

The paper reviews the relationship between sleep deficiency and opioid use, suggesting a bidirectional association between sleep efficiency and opioid abstinence. The authors propose that normalizing sleep deficiency could potentially improve opioid abstinence and vice versa. They also discuss potential mechanisms that could link improvements in sleep to opioid abstinence. The paper suggests that sleep-restorative therapeutic approaches should be examined in clinical trials as a potential solution to the opioid epidemic.


UMLS:C0518595


UMLS:C5548137


UMLS:C0184578


UMLS:C0871378


UMLS:C4324621

The study investigates the feasibility of using a wireless sleep electroencephalography (EEG) monitor to measure sleep outcomes and architecture in patients undergoing supervised opioid withdrawal. The results showed that the wireless EEG could detect changes in total, NREM, and REM sleep time, and was associated with increased withdrawal severity, lower sleep efficiency, less time in REM and non-REM stages 1 and 2, and more hydroxyzine treatment. The study suggests that a wireless EEG is a feasible and useful tool for monitoring sleep in persons experiencing acute opioid withdrawal.


UMLS:C0200101


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C3650288


UMLS:C4324621

The paper discusses the role of sleep health in opioid use disorder (OUD). It highlights that sleep disturbances are common in individuals with OUD, particularly during opioid withdrawal and maintenance therapies. These disturbances, which include reduced total sleep time, disrupted sleep continuity, and poor sleep quality, are often associated with negative OUD treatment outcomes. The paper also notes that sleep disturbances are bidirectionally linked with factors such as chronic stress, stress reactivity, low positive affect, high negative affect, chronic pain, and drug craving. Despite the potential benefits, there are few studies aimed at improving sleep health in OUD patients. The paper suggests that therapeutic interventions targeting sleep could be a promising avenue to improve OUD treatment.


UMLS:C0549263


UMLS:C4324621

The study conducted RNA sequencing on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of postmortem brains from subjects with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and unaffected comparison subjects. The results revealed significant overlap in transcripts between the two brain regions in OUD, related to synaptic remodeling and neuroinflammation. The identified transcripts were enriched for factors controlling proinflammatory cytokine, chondroitin sulfate, and extracellular matrix signaling. Microglia were implicated as potential drivers for opioid-induced neuroplasticity. Genetic liabilities for risky behavior, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and depression were suggested in subjects with OUD.


UMLS:C4324621

The study investigates the correlation of drug-related dreams with opioid use disorder (OUD). The research found that individuals who recalled a drug-related dream in the past week were more likely to report recent sleep disturbances, including poor sleep quality, increased insomnia symptoms, and a higher risk for sleep apnea. Post-dream craving and distress were associated with greater insomnia symptoms, poor sleep hygiene behaviors, and increased anxiety symptoms. Those who had ever experienced a drug-related dream were more likely to report a history of severe withdrawal, overdose, and intravenous opioid use. The study suggests that interventions treating co-occurring OUD, pain, sleep symptoms, and affective symptoms may improve overall well-being in this population.


UMLS:C4324621

The study found that individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) reported worsening sleep quality over their lifespan. Persistent sleep disturbances were associated with female sex, a greater number of treatment episodes, and positive screens for chronic pain and insomnia. The study suggests that OUD treatment providers should routinely screen for co-occurring sleep disturbance and chronic pain.


UMLS:C3887375


UMLS:C0085554


HP:0012532


MONDO:0013600


UMLS:C4324621

The study found that people with opioid use disorder (OUD) have altered molecular rhythms in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), two key brain areas involved in OUD. In the DLPFC, fewer rhythmic transcripts were identified in subjects with OUD compared to unaffected subjects. In contrast, the NAc had nearly double the number of rhythmic transcripts in subjects with OUD. These rhythmic transcripts were associated with opioid, dopamine, and GABAergic neurotransmission. The study also found that these rhythmic transcripts were enriched for genomic loci associated with sleep-related traits, including sleep duration and insomnia.


UMLS:C0871269


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the relationship between opioid use disorder (OUD) and sleep deficiency, a condition that affects 75% of patients with OUD. The study highlights the bidirectional mechanisms between OUD and sleep deficiency and the potential to target sleep deficiency with therapeutic interventions to promote long-term, healthy recovery among patients in OUD treatment. The effects of opioids on sleep quality, sleep architecture, sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea endotypes, ventilatory control, and implications for therapy and clinical practice are also discussed.


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C4324621

The paper discusses the relationship between opioid use disorder (OUD) and sleep deficiency. OUD is a chronic brain disease that affects cognitive function, mood, pain perception, and autonomic activity. Sleep deficiency, which can be caused by various factors such as sleep disorders, circadian disruption, and poor sleep quality, is found in over 75% of OUD patients. The paper suggests that there are bidirectional mechanisms between OUD and sleep deficiency and identifies potential therapeutic targets.


MONDO:0100081


UMLS:C0231316


UMLS:C1277595


PR:000011350

The study investigates the role of the circadian protein, neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), in the effects of the opioid fentanyl on pain, tolerance, and physical dependence. The research used male and female wild-type and NPAS2-deficient mice. The results showed that female NPAS2-deficient mice exhibited increased analgesic tolerance and more behavioral symptoms of physical dependence to fentanyl. Male NPAS2-deficient mice showed increased fentanyl-induced hypersensitivity compared to wild-type males. This suggests that NPAS2 has sex-specific effects on fentanyl-induced tolerance, hyperalgesia, and dependence.


PR:000011350


MONDO:0005015

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common complication of chronic diabetes that can lead to significant disability and healthcare costs. Early symptom identification and aggressive glycemic control are crucial in controlling the development of neuropathic complications. However, adequate pain relief remains a challenge. Pharmacotherapy with anticonvulsants (pregabalin, gabapentin) and antidepressants (duloxetine) are common first-line agents. The use of oral opioids is discouraged due to associated morbidity, mortality, and potential for opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Neuromodulation treatment modalities including intrathecal drug delivery, spinal cord stimulation, and dorsal root ganglion stimulation are emerging as potential treatments. Holistic alternative therapies such as yoga and acupuncture may also be beneficial.


UMLS:C2827194


UMLS:C1567509


UMLS:C0114463


UMLS:C0394482

The study investigates the use of epidural electrical stimulation of the conus medullaris in a patient with complete L1 paraplegia and neuropathic genital pain due to a traumatic conus injury. The patient underwent spinal cord stimulator (SCS) implantation and an intensive outpatient physical therapy regimen. After 18 months, the patient showed advancement in motor zones of partial preservation (ZPPs) and qualitative increases in lower extremity resting state EMG amplitudes. However, there was no consistent evidence of voluntary EMG or rhythmic locomotive leg movements. The patient's quality of life improved significantly, suggesting potential for neuroplasticity in this patient population.


UMLS:C0810635


UMLS:C0394482

Motor zones of partial preservation (ZPPs)


UMLS:C0394482

Lower extremity resting state EMG amplitudes


UMLS:C0394482


UMLS:C1399386

The study investigates the impact of Sickle cell disease (SCD) on gait in humanized transgenic BERK sickle mice. The researchers found that Purkinje cells, which are associated with movement and neural function, undergo increased apoptosis in sickle mice, potentially leading to compensatory gait changes. Using an automated gait measurement system, MouseWalker, they found that sickle mice showed alterations in stance instability and dynamic gait parameters. These alterations may be due to motor dysfunction from damaged Purkinje cells or from fear and/or anticipation of movement-evoked pain. The study also found correlations between certain gait parameters and both mechanical and deep tissue hyperalgesia.


CL:0000121


HP:0001288


UMLS:C0394477

The study investigates the management of generator site pain, also known as "pocket pain", in patients undergoing spinal cord stimulation (SCS). The research involved a review of all SCS permanent implants and implantable pulse generator (IPG) placements over a period of 9 years. Out of 785 cases, 43 patients were identified with pocket pain. The study found that females were overrepresented in the pocket pain cohort. The diagnoses included failed back surgery syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, and chronic neuropathic pain. None of the patients improved with conservative therapy, and all either underwent revision or explant. The study also found that significantly more pocket pain patients had workers' compensation insurance. The study concluded that pocket pain was inadequately managed with conservative treatments and that being female and having SCS filed under workers' compensation increased the risk of pocket pain.


UMLS:C1963763


MONDO:0019369


MONDO:0024317


UMLS:C1399386

The paper discusses the pain associated with sickle cell disease (SCD), which can be both acute and chronic. Acute pain is caused by vaso-occlusive crises (VOC), while the cause of chronic pain is still unknown. Opioids are the primary treatment for pain, but concerns over their long-term use and the opioid epidemic have led to a need for non-opioid therapies. The FDA has approved three drugs for the treatment of SCD, specifically to reduce VOC and impact the pathobiology of SCD.


UMLS:C1399386


UMLS:C0457949

The paper discusses the link between chronic low back pain (CLBP) and depression, and proposes a novel approach to treat CLBP using deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC). The SCC is structurally connected to brain regions that mediate emotional processes and are implicated in both CLBP and depression, including the anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. The authors suggest that CLBP and depression share a common underlying brain network interconnected by the SCC.


UMLS:C0394162


UBERON:0002665


UMLS:C0394674

The paper discusses the use of neuromodulation as a treatment for chronic neuropathic pain. Neuromodulation, a drug-free and non-addictive method, involves transmitting controlled physical energy to specific neural targets in the central nervous system. The paper also discusses both invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation methods for pain management, with a particular focus on an emerging technology, transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). The safety and future prospects of transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation for pain management are also discussed.


UMLS:C0394674


UMLS:C1517281


UMLS:C0181342

The study investigates the use of the Injectrode, an injectable conductive polymer, for Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation, a method used to relieve chronic pain. The Injectrode was used to stimulate the L6 and L7 DRG in cats, and the neural responses were measured in the sciatic, tibial, and common peroneal nerves. The thresholds for activating fibers were found to be 38% higher with the Injectrode compared to a stainless-steel electrode, likely due to its larger contact surface area with the DRG. Both Aα and Aβ sensory fibers were activated using DRG stimulation.


UMLS:C0181342


UMLS:C0394477

The study presents an automated data visualization tool that generates patient-specific activity maps using intraoperatively collected signals. The tool is based on JavaScript/Python and provides a fast and robust visualization of electromyography (EMG) activity. The tool was tested using a High-resolution (HR)-SCS lead with 8 columns of electrodes spanning the dorsal columns. The tool provides a rapid and robust analysis of stimulation effects on various muscle groups and allows for direct comparison across subjects and/or stimulation settings.


UMLS:C0430853

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM)


UMLS:C5559749


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4750171


UMLS:C0013839


UMLS:C0394162

The paper discusses the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a potential treatment for various neuropsychiatric disorders. The authors suggest that closed-loop DBS strategies, which use sensed neural signals to control stimulation, could overcome many of the limitations of open-loop stimulation. They provide a practical guide for implementing a closed-loop DBS system, using examples from patients with chronic pain. The guide includes details on how to adjust key parameters to manage feature selection, state thresholding, and stimulation artifacts.


UMLS:C5392800

High-resolution spinal cord stimulation (HR-SCS)

The study investigates the use of high-resolution spinal cord stimulation (HR-SCS) in patients with chronic pain. The HR-SCS paddle was found to stimulate medial-dorsal columns and extend stimulation coverage to laterally positioned spinal targets. The study found that the lateral contacts of the HR-SCS triggered stronger responses in medial gastrocnemius, adductor magnus, and tibialis anterior, while the medial contacts triggered stronger responses in gluteus maximus and adductor hallucis. The study suggests that HR-SCS may improve targeting of focal pain in the lower extremities.


UMLS:C5392800


UMLS:C1518963

The paper does not provide an abstract, but from the title, it can be inferred that the study involves the use of transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation to induce changes in neuronal correlation in the rat somatosensory cortex.