C-C chemokine receptor type 7 isoform 1

A C-C chemokine receptor type 7 that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P32248-1 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


osteoarthritis susceptibility 1

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Any osteoarthritis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FRZB gene.


joint damage measurement

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


beta-nerve growth factor

A neurotrophin that is a translation product of the human NGF gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


osteoarthritis

A noninflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons, characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins and changes in the synovial membrane. It is accompanied by pain and stiffness, particularly after prolonged activity.


A0A8S5Q775_9CAUD SL cytokine, FL cytokine receptor-like domain, four-helical bundle cytokine (trembl)


mu-type opioid receptor

An opioid receptor protein that is a translation product of the human OPRM1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligands are beta-endorphin and enkephalins.


Q7TUX1_PROMM Possible Small cytokines (Intecrine/chemokine) (trembl)


Vitreous inflammatory cells

The presence of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages in the vitreous.


innervation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a nerve invades a tissue and makes functional synaptic connection within the tissue.


Grade 3 Vaginal Inflammation, CTCAE

Severe discomfort or pain, edema, or redness; limiting self care ADL; small areas of mucosal ulceration


aggrecan core protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human ACAN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


aggrecan core protein O-glycosylated 32 (human)

An aggrecan core protein (human) that has been O-glycosylated at the residue equivalent to Ser-2240 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P16112-1, in which the glycan composition is represented by GlyTouCan:G43417UB. Example: UniProtKB:P16112-1, Ser-2240, MOD:00002~GNO:G43417UB.


a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5

A protein that is a translation product of the human ADAMTS5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


dorsal root ganglion

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain. (MSH) * ganglion found on the posterior root of each spinal nerve, composed of the unipolar nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the nerve. (CSP).


Allodynia

Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.


ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1

A protein that is a translation product of the human UCHL1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


synovium cancer

A cancer that involves the layer of synovial tissue.


A0A4P9Q254_TRAOV Toll-like receptors 3 (trembl)


nociceptor nerve ending

A peripheral terminal of a peripheral, afferent sensory pain receptor cell that is sensitive to injury or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. The nociceptor nerve ending innervates target tissue and transduces noxious stimuli to the central nervous system via some axon(s).


A0A836J349_9ROSI Pathogen-associated molecular patterns-induced protein (trembl)


M1FVS3_OPLFA Pattern recognition receptor (trembl)


innate immune response

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


Flank pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the flank.


CD4 Lymphocytes Decreased, CTCAE

A finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of CD4 lymphocytes in a blood specimen.


sensory receptor

A sensory nerve ending that responds to a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism. In response to stimuli the sensory receptor initiates sensory transduction by creating graded potentials or action potentials in the same cell or in an adjacent one.


A C-C motif chemokine 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Persistent fever

Fever that persists longer than expected for an acute infectious disease. No precise threshold exists, and the clinical interpretation of fever is context-dependent, but as a rule of thumb, this term refers to fever that persists longer than 2-3 weeks.


NGF

A beta-nerve growth factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


F4/80-negative adipose macrophage

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An adipose macrophage that does not express F4/80but is MHC-II-positive. This cell type exhibits autofluorescence under typical flow cyometry conditions.


Paclitaxel

A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name 'taxol' is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark.


B5U818_XENTR PERK protein (Fragment) (trembl)


myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88

A protein that is a translation product of the human MYD88 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. This protein is an adapter involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response.


A2NV53_MOUSE IL-6 receptor (Mutated) (trembl)


Oxidative stress response

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


chemotherapy-induced alopecia

Hair loss as a result of chemotherapy treatment.


A carboxamide, the structure of which is that of acetamide substituted on carbon by a 2',3-dimethyl-2,4'-bipyridin-5-yl group and on nitrogen by a 5-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl group. It is a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable Porcupine inhibitor (a Wnt signalling inhibitor).


protein Wnt-10a

A protein that is a translation product of the human WNT10A gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A0A9L0SH84_HORSE CGRP receptor component (trembl)


dorsal root ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dorsal root ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


A9JQD6_MOUSE Sodium channel Nav1.7 (Fragment) (trembl)


spinal cord

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO).


A cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor

A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor that is a translation product of the human GPR17 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligands are uracil nucleotides and cysteinyl leukotrienes. It is highly expressed in brain, heart and kidney.


Inflammatory Infiltrate

A microscopic finding indicating the presence of acute, subacute or chronic inflammation in a tissue sample.


dermatitis

An inflammatory process affecting the skin. Signs include red rash, itching, and blister formation. Representative examples are contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis.


neurotrophin

A protein that is a neurotrophic polypeptide factor that regulates neuronal differentiation and is essential for neuronal survival, neurite growth and plasticity. It contains a signal peptide, a propeptide, and a C-terminal Nerve growth factor family (Pfam:PF00243) domain.


Innate Immune System (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)


peripheral nerve schwannoma

A benign, usually encapsulated slow growing tumor of the peripheral nervous system composed of Schwann cells. It recurs infrequently and only rare cases associated with malignant transformation have been reported.


dorsal horn of spinal cord

The pronounced, dorsolaterally oriented ridge of grey matter in each lateral half of the spinal cord[MP]. the dorsal (more towards the back) grey matter of the spinal cord. It receives several types of sensory information from the body, including light touch, proprioception, and vibration. This information is sent from receptors of the skin, bones, and joints through sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the dorsal root ganglion[WP]. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input[GO].


Increased Alveolar Macrophages

Increased number of macrophages in the terminal air spaces.


BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor

A TRK receptor that is a translation product of the human NTRK2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A0A6J8DQQ4_MYTCO FMRFamide neuropeptides,FMRF-amide neuropeptides,FMRFamide-related neuropeptides (trembl)


Inflammation

A finding of a localized protective response resulting from injury or destruction of tissues. Inflammation serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. In the acute phase, inflammation is characterized by the signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Histologically, inflammation involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow; exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins; and leukocyte migration into the site of inflammation.


Chronic pain

Persistent pain, usually defined as pain that has lasted longer than 3 to 6 months.


chronic pain syndrome

Chronic form of disorder involving pain.


A0A2J8PG01_PANTR ANTXR2 isoform 2 (trembl)


toxin

Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant.


A0A8T2DCI9_ARASU CASTOR/POLLUX/SYM8 ion channels protein (trembl)


A0A455M3A7_MEGAM G protein coupled receptors 43 (trembl)


A0A4W5R0F8_9TELE Calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha (trembl)


EMG: myotonic runs

Spontaneous, repetitive electrical activity demonstrated by electromyography (EMG).


autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with neuropathic pain


type 2 diabetes mellitus

A type of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by insulin resistance or desensitization and increased blood glucose levels. This is a chronic disease that can develop gradually over the life of a patient and can be linked to both environmental factors and heredity.


diabetic neuropathy

A chronic, pathological complication associated with diabetes mellitus, where nerve damages are incurred due to diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply these nerves, resulting in peripheral and/or autonomic nerve dysfunction.


Immunologic hypersensitivity

Immunological states where the immune system produces harmful responses upon reexposure to sensitising antigens.


synovitis

Inflammation of a synovial membrane.


dorsal root ganglia homeobox protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human DRGX gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


dorsal horn interneuron

A CNS interneuron located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.


morbid obesity

An excess of body weight, normally defined as an individual with a body mass index greater than 35 or a body weight greater than one hundred percent of ideal body weight.


Cannabigerol

A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species.


A0A8S3RKL8_MYTED Cytochrome P450 2C31,Cytochrome P450 2C9,Cytochrome P450 2C50,Cytochrome P450 2C27,Cytochrome P450 2C15,Cytochrome P450 2F3,Cytochrome P450 2C19,Cytochrome P450 2C20,Cytochrome P450 2C54 (trembl)


Stress

The negative mental, emotional, and physical reactions that occur when environmental stressors are perceived as exceeding the individual's adaptive capacities.


Suicide Attempt, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by self-inflicted harm in an attempt to end one's own life.


Irritability

A proneness to anger, i.e., a tendency to become easily bothered or annoyed.


prefrontal cortex

The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.nnThis brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.nnThe most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes).nnMany authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. - definition adapted from Wikipedia.


Procedural memory loss

A reduction in the ability to retrieve information about how to perform activities, such as how to ride a bike or drive a car, how to perform activities of daily living, or how to play a musical instrument.


Sleep abnormality

An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep.


Emotional lability

Unstable emotional experiences and frequent mood changes; emotions that are easily aroused, intense, and/or disproportionate to events and circumstances.


anxiety

Apprehension of danger and dread accompanied by restlessness, tension, tachycardia, and dyspnea unattached to a clearly identifiable stimulus.


mood disorder

A cognitive disorder a disturbance in which the person's mood is hypothesized to be the main underlying feature.


substance abuse

The use of a drug for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed.


rheumatoid arthritis

A chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation in the synovial membranes and articular surfaces. It manifests primarily as a symmetric, erosive polyarthritis that spares the axial skeleton and is typically associated with the presence in the serum of rheumatoid factor.


diacylglycerol lipase-beta

A protein that is a translation product of the human DAGLB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


macrophage

A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells.


inflammatory diarrhea

An diarrhea (disease) involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa.


Pain of Skin, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by a sensation of marked discomfort in the skin.


anterior cingulate cortex

The frontal part of the cingulate cortex that resembles a collar form around the corpus callosum. It includes both the ventral and dorsal areas of the cingulate cortex. Wikipedia:File:Gray727.svg.


gene expression

The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes.


Nail Changes

Alteration of the normal characteristics of the fingernails or toenails. Examples include thickening, thinning, deformity, and separation from the nail bed.


regulation of oskar mRNA translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation. To ensure the localization of Oskar protein at the posterior pole of the oocyte, translation of oskar mRNA is repressed during its transport to the posterior pole and activated upon localization of the mRNA at the posterior cortex.


Neonatal epiphyseal stippling

The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in one or more epiphyses during the neonatal period.


Morphine

A morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy).


neonatal abstinence syndrome

A constellation of neurobehavioral features observed in a neonate following antenatal exposure to drugs including opioids, benzodiazepines, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.


B8NAI7_ASPFN p38 MAPK, putative (trembl)


sickle cell disease and related diseases


spinal arachnoiditis

A chronic adhesive arachnoiditis in the spinal arachnoid, with root and spinal cord symptoms similar to those caused by pressure from a tumor.


Methadone

A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.


Buprenorphine

A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.


Pharmacokinetic Effect Consequences

The outcome that results from chemical interactions between a drug and another drug or food.


Mild Adverse Event

An experience that is usually transient, and requires no special treatment or intervention. The event does not generally interfere with usual daily activities. Includes transient laboratory test alterations.


opioid analgesic

A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood.


Q5U791_XENLA Protease-activated receptor 2 (trembl)


migraine disorder

A common, severe type of vascular headache often associated with increased sympathetic activity, resulting in nausea, vomiting, and light sensitivity.


trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia

A headache disorder characterized by episodes of unilateral, short lasting pain and associated ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms.


meningeal artery

One of the arteries supplying a meninix[Automatically generated definition].


compound 48/80

R1, R2 = H or CH2OH; n is normally between 1 and 10. An alternating copolymer resulting from the condensation of N,O-dimethyltyramine with formaldehyde. It is a potent histamine releasing agent, primarily from mast cells, with subsequent depletion of tissue histamine.


lysophospholipid (S1P) receptor

An LPAR1/S1PR1-like lysophospholipid receptor that is a translation product of the human S1PR1, S1PR2, S1PR3, S1PR4, or S1PR5 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof. The active form binds sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is a bioactive lysophospholipid that elicits diverse physiological effects on most types of cells and tissues.


Acute Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that has a severe or rapid onset.


central nervous system

The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord.


A D(2) dopamine receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNG2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A protein cornichon homolog 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


An amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RGMA

A repulsive guidance molecule A that is encoded in the genome of human.


Hydrocodone

A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.


kappa-type opioid receptor

An opioid receptor protein that is a translation product of the human OPRK1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligand is dynorphin.


amygdala

Subcortical brain region lying anterior to the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe and anterior to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in some species. It is usually subdivided into several groups. Functionally, it is not considered a unitary structure (MM).


pallidum

Part of what are called the basal ganglia of the brain which consist of the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum.


breast

The upper ventral region of the torso of an organism.


melanoma

A malignant, usually aggressive tumor composed of atypical, neoplastic melanocytes. Most often, melanomas arise in the skin (cutaneous melanomas) and include the following histologic subtypes: superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma. Cutaneous melanomas may arise from acquired or congenital melanocytic or dysplastic nevi. Melanomas may also arise in other anatomic sites including the gastrointestinal system, eye, urinary tract, and reproductive system. Melanomas frequently metastasize to lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain.


Oxycodone

A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine.  It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.


cancer

A tumor composed of atypical neoplastic, often pleomorphic cells that invade other tissues. Malignant neoplasms often metastasize to distant anatomic sites and may recur after excision. The most common malignant neoplasms are carcinomas (adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas), Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, leukemias, melanomas, and sarcomas.


lung

Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus.


Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Minnesota


cannabis dependence

Physical and psychological dependence on the drug cannabis.


female sex determination

The specification of female sex of an individual organism.


anxiety disorder

A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by anxious feelings or fear often accompanied by physical symptoms associated with anxiety.


dura mater

Thick, fibrous meningeal covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three meningeal coverings. It consists of two layers: the periosteal dura linking the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal dura that lies above the arachnoid dural membrane. The meningeal layer draws away from the periosteal layer and certain locations to form the dural reflections.


A protein that is a translation product of the human IL6 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Sodium nitroprusside

A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of sodium nitroprusside.


Acetaminophen

A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.


Ibuprofen

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl group.


alcohol

A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.


Genetic anticipation with paternal anticipation bias

A type of genetic anticipation observed predominantly upon transmission from affected males.


Epidemic Disorder

The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time. (CDC)


opioid peptide activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.


Post-Operative Pain

A sensation of discomfort secondary to surgery.


behavior

The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.


caste determination, influence by genetic factors

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


mu-type opioid receptor isoform h6 (human)

A mu-type opioid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P35372-6.


migraine without aura

A migraine disorder characterized by episodes that occur in the absence of preceding focal neurological symptoms.


peripheral nervous system

A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.


vasculature

An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face.


calcitonin gene-related peptide 2

A protein that is a translation product of the human CALCB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


cortex

Outermost layer of an organ[WP].


meningeal cluster

The collection of all meningeal layers that line a central nervous system.


acid-sensing ion channel 2

An acid-sensing ion channel protein that is a translation product of the human ASIC2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A0A346G5W7_HUMAN Opioid receptor delta 1 isoform DOR-1C (trembl)


opiate dependence

Disorders related or resulting from abuse or mis-use of opioids.


Flare-up

A sudden worsening of a condition.


Cocaine

A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.


Pimavanserin

A member of the class of ureas in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by 4-fluorobenzyl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, and 4-(isopropyloxy)benzyl groups. An atypical antipsychotic that is used (in the form of its tartrate salt) for treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease.


O77674_RABIT 5-HT2a receptor (Fragment) (trembl)


Lorcaserin

A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.


Respiratory alkalosis

Alkalosis due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body.


Low back pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the lower back.


A proteinase-activated receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPPB

A natriuretic peptides B that is encoded in the genome of human.


An interleukin-31 receptor A that is encoded in the genome of human.


Fentanyl

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.


Minimally Invasive Lesion

A lesion in which the neoplastic epithelial cells invade into but not through the capsule that surround the neoplasm, or invade the entire thickness of the capsule, or invade vessels surrounding the capsule.  Unlike widely invasive lesions, the minimally invasive lesions cannot be recognized as carcinomas on clinical and surgical grounds.  The diagnosis can only be established microscopically.


benzodiazepine

A group of heterocyclic compounds with a core structure containing a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.


High Risk Acute Leukemia

Acute leukemia patients are stratified into the high risk group when their minimal residual disease levels are higher than 0.05%.


sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anemias are chronic hemolytic diseases that may induce three types of acute accidents: severe anemia, severe bacterial infections, and ischemic vasoocclusive accidents (VOA) caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells obstructing small blood vessels and capillaries. Many diverse complications can occur.


A phytocannabinoid that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in which the methyl group at C-11 has been hydroxylated . Major metabolite of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol.


Cannabidiol

An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.


Naloxone

A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.


Postoperative Thoracic Procedure Complication, CTCAE

A finding of a previously undocumented problem that occurs after a thoracic procedure.


psychiatric disorder

A disorder characterized by behavioral and/or psychological abnormalities, often accompanied by physical symptoms. The symptoms may cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas of functioning. Representative examples include anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia.


Influenza B virus (B/West Virginia/01/2008)


peripheral nervous system neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from a peripheral nerve or the perineural sheaths.


sleep

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.


A disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.


Amphetamine

A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.


Butanoic acid;decanoic acid;dodecanoic acid;henicosanoic acid;heptadecanoic acid;heptanoic acid;hexadecanoic acid;hexanoic acid;icosanoic acid;nonadecanoic acid;nonanoic acid;octadecanoic acid;octanoic acid;pentadecanoic acid;pentanoic acid;tetradecanoic acid;tridecanoic acid;undecanoic acid


oxylipin

Any member of the group of bioactive lipids made by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


GM3 carbohydrate moiety

An amino trisaccharide that is the carbohydrate portion of ganglioside GM3. It comprises a linear sequence of alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl, beta-D-galactosyl and beta-D-glucose residues linked (2->3) and (1->4).


sensory perception of pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.


ribosome

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.


traumatic brain injury

A brain disease that is characterized by brain dysfunction caused by an outside force, usually a violent blow to the head.


Codeine

A  morphinane alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.


Methamphetamine

A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.


gram-positive bacterial infections

Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.


Heroin

A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.


Abdominal pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the abdomen.


Back pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the back.


Headache

Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.


Craving

The desire to experience the effect(s) of a previously used psycho-active substance. It has to be noted that not all drug craving is based on withdrawal, since craving can often occur in the absence of withdrawal.


heroin dependence

Physical and psychological dependence on the drug heroin.


Suicidal ideation

Frequent thoughts about or preoccupation with killing oneself.


Variable expressivity

A variable severity of phenotypic features.


Ostomy Site Pain

Pain at the site of an ostomy.


myoclonic epilepsy, congenital deafness, macular dystrophy, and psychiatric disorders


infective endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers (endocardium) and valves. This condition is sometimes called 'endocarditis,' although it is important to distinguish it from non-infective endocarditis. IE is caused bybacteria, fungi, or other germs invading the bloodstream and attaching to the heart. IE can damagethe heart and cause serious and sometimes fatal complications. It can develop quickly or slowly depending on what type of germ is causing it and whether there is an underlying heart problem. Common symptoms of IE are fever and other flu-like symptoms, but signs and symptoms can vary. It can also cause problems in many other parts of the body besides the heart. IE is typically treated with antibiotics for several weeks; some individuals may need heart surgery to repair or replace heart valves or remove infected heart tissue.


cardiovascular disorder

A disease involving the cardiovascular system.


developmental disorder of mental health

A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development.


Anxiety, CTCAE 5.0

A disorder characterized by apprehension of danger and dread accompanied by restlessness, tension, tachycardia, and dyspnea unattached to a clearly identifiable stimulus.


Resting ECG Changes

Any new or worsening ST or T wave changes present in two or more contiguous leads that occur when a patient is experiencing neither physical nor chemical stressors.


Expected Adverse Event

Any adverse event associated with a medical product or procedure, whose nature and severity have been previously observed, identified in nature, severity, or frequency, and documented in the investigator brochure, investigational plan, protocol, current consent form, scientific publication, or in other relevant and reliable document. The old term Side Effect is retired and should not be used.


A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


host-mediated regulation of intestinal microbiota composition

The biological process involved in maintaining the steady-state number of cells within a population of free-living cells such as the bacteria in the gut.


inflammatory bowel disease

A spectrum of small and large bowel inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology. It includes Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and colitis of indeterminate type.


blue nevus

An intradermal nevus characterized by the presence of benign pigmented dendritic spindle-shaped melanocytes. It most frequently occurs in the skin of the distal upper extremities, followed by the lower extremities, scalp, face, and buttocks. It usually presents as a single blue or blue-black papular lesion less than 1cm in diameter. Simple excision is usually curative.


Eurycea cf. troglodytes 'Finnegan Spring'


Breast Milk

Milk produced by female mammals for the purpose of feeding their young.


Phenobarbital

A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.


A0A328NNU7_9ACTN Macrolide export ATP-binding/permease protein Ma cB 1/2 (trembl)


hallucinogen dependence

A drug dependence for a hallucinogenic substance.


Q17277_BRUPA Type III collagen homologue (Fragment) (trembl)


primary myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia is a myeloproliferative disease with annual incidence of approximately 1 case per 100,000 individuals and age at diagnosis around 60 (an increased prevalence is noted in Ashkenazi Jews). Clinical manifestations depend on the type of blood cell affected and may include anemia, pallor, splenomegaly, hypermetabolic state, petechiae, ecchymosis, bleeding, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, portal hypertension.


A0A0A7HF36_HALRU Type IV collagen (trembl)


yellow bone marrow

Bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network.


appendage musculature

Any collection of muscles that is part of an appendage.


intervertebral disk degenerative disorder

Any disease of a degenerative nature that affects the intervertebral disk.


Bone Marrow, Vertebral

Bone marrow in a vertebral bone.


thigh muscle fat infiltration measurement"@e


Musculoskeletal Pain

Pain that originates in the bones, muscles, tendons or ligaments.


adaptive immune response

An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigens produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).


gut granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gut granule.


Birth history

Information about the delivery and health status at birth typically elicited as a part of the past medical history.


Musculoskeletal Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory rest results related to the muscles and bones.


herpetic whitlow

A painful blister of the periungual skin that is caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2.


neuralgia

A pain disorder characterize by pain in the distribution of a nerve or nerves


immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a cell, leading to the activation or perpetuation of an immune response.


positive regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


transcriptional regulatory protein CreB

A protein that is a translation product of the Escherichia coli K-12 creB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Pain insensitivity

Inability to perceive painful stimuli.


ngfb

A protein that is a translation product of the ngf gene in zebrafish.


masseter muscle

Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by masseteric nerve branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), and attaches to mandible and zygomatic arch.


Nortriptyline

An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of  amitriptyline.


Ocular pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the eye.


Naltrexone

An  organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.


Vivid hallucination

Perceptual experiences that are vivid, intense, and sensory in nature occur in the absence of corresponding stimuli from the external environment.


neurotrophic keratopathy

Neurotrophic keratopathy is a rare degenerative disease of the cornea characterized by reduction or loss of corneal sensitivity that can be asymptomatic or present with red-eye and, during the early stages of the disease, a minor decrease in visual acuity. It eventually leads to loss of vision.


Neuropathic Pain

Chronic pain caused by damage to nerve fibers.  It is usually associated with tissue injury.


centromere clustering

The process by which centromeres/kinetochores become localized to clusters.


Q62367_MOUSE Endogenous superantigen (trembl)


nucleus accumbens

A region of the brain consisting of a collection of neurons located in the forebrain ventral to the caudate and putamen. (caudoputamen in rodent) and continuous with these structures. There is no distinct boundary between the nucleus accumbens and the caudate/putamen, but in rodents, it can be identified by its lack of traversing fiber bundles in comparison to the dorsal striatum. Its principle neuron is the medium spiny neuron. Together with the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the nucleus accumbens forms the striatum.


Lumbar Puncture Headache

Headache in erect position, after lumbar puncture; due to lowering of intracranial pressure by leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the needle tract.


Headache, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by a sensation of marked discomfort in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.


A lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.


influenza

An acute viral infection of the respiratory tract, occurring in isolated cases, in epidemics, or in pandemics; it is caused by serologically different strains of viruses (influenzaviruses) designated A, B, and C, has a 3-day incubation period, and usually lasts for 3 to 10 days. It is marked by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, pharynx, and conjunctiva; headache; myalgia; often fever, chills, and prostration; and occasionally involvement of the myocardium or central nervous system.


swine influenza

An acute viral respiratory infection caused by a strain of influenza virus which is endemic in swine (pigs). Rarely reported in humans prior to 2009, the disease is caused by a mutated strain of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus. It is highly contagious and spreads mainly through coughing and sneezing. Signs and symptoms include fever, chills, coughing, sore throat headache, muscle ache, and generalized weakness. Antiviral medications are most effective in the first two days of the illness.


Absent circulating B cells

Complete lack of mature B cells, that is, of B cells that have left the bone marrow.


ESCHERICHIA COLI HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN


antibody secreting cell

A lymphocyte of B lineage that is devoted to secreting large amounts of immunoglobulin.


bone marrow

The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones.


A0A0F9Z5B2_9BACT Acyl carrier protein, acyl carrier protein (trembl)


sympathetic ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


spinal nerve root

The paired bundles of nerve fibers entering and leaving the spinal cord at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and autonomic preganglionic neurons. There are, however, some exceptions to this afferent/efferent rule.


apolipoprotein A-I-binding protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human NAXE gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Toll-like receptor 4

A Toll-like receptor that is a translation product of the human TLR4 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


immature microglial cell

An immature microglial cell with a ramified morphology.


A0A653V407_BACAB Flotillin lipid rafts scaffold protein (trembl)


TLR4-induced ripoptosome assembly (Homo sapiens)


myeloid cell

A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.


glial cell activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a glial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


spinal cord injury

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).


Exercise induced anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis after physical activity.


diabetes mellitus

A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels due to diminished production of insulin or insulin resistance/desensitization.


chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

A rare neurological disorder in which there is inflammation of nerve roots and peripheral nerves and destruction of the fatty protective covering (myelin sheath) over the nerves. This affects how fast the nerve signals are transmitted and leads to loss of nerve fibers. This causes weakness, paralysis and/or impairment in motor function, especially of the arms and legs (limbs). Sensory disturbance may also be present. The motor and sensory impairments usually affect both sides of the body (symmetrical), and the degree of severity and the course of disease may vary from case to case. Some affected individuals may follow a slow steady pattern of symptoms while others may have symptoms that stabilize and then relapse.


A0A6L6Y1H2_9ENTR Omptin family outer membrane protease Kop (trembl)


12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

The (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-stereoisomer of 12-HETE.


A0A077YYS3_TRITR Laminin G 3 and EGF and FXa inhibition and EGF 3 and CUB and hEGF and EGF CA and GCC2 GCC3 and Sushi and HYR domain containing protein (trembl)


aurora kinase A and ninein-interacting protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human AUNIP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Cholesterol

A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor that is a translation product of the human KDR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.


atherosclerosis

Build-up of fatty material and calcium deposition in the arterial wall resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the arterial lumen.


acute lung injury

A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (pulmonary edema) rich in neutrophils, and in the absence of clinical heart failure. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).


A0A6G1R1G5_9TELE Potassium channel subfamily K member 18 Tresk-2 Two-pore-domain potassium channel TRESK (trembl)


trigeminal ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


hematite nanoparticle

An iron oxide nanoparticle composed of hematite (Fe2O3).


Endosomes

A membrane bound cytoplasmic compartment that drives molecular traffic between the plasma membrane and lysosome.


A substance-P receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.


Aprepitant

A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.


Helt

A hairy and enhancer of split-related protein HELT that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


central amygdaloid nucleus

The output region of the amygdala responsible for controlling responses (Phelps & LeDoux, 2005, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 16242399).


synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


parafascicular nucleus

Part of the posterior (caudal) intralaminar group of thalamic nuclei, located medial to the centromedian nucleus and ventral to the dorsomedial nuclei, that is associated with the limbic and associative striatum.


secondary somatosensory cortex

The area of the upper bank of the lateral sulcus that is involved in somatic sensation.


membrane raft assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane raft, a small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes.


allograft inflammatory factor 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human AIF1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


sphingolipid

Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone.


Indomethacin

A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.


A0A5A4LKE5_TRASC Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit GluA1 (Fragment) (trembl)


A0A5A4M1S9_TRASC Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit GluA2 (Fragment) (trembl)


NRCAM

A neuronal cell adhesion molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


A protein that is a translation product of the Sirt1 gene in fruit fly.


A0A6P5CV08_BOSIN [histone H3]-lysine(9) N-trimethyltransferase (trembl)


operant conditioning

Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior.


Meloxicam

A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.


methyl-CpG-binding protein 2

A protein that is a translation product of the human MECP2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


primary somatosensory cortex

(Chapin & Lin, 1984, rat): the region considered as the SI cortex is not a cytoarchitecturally homogeneous structure but consists instead of a patchwork array of areas containing dense aggregations of layer IV granule cells, surrounded by granule-cell-sparse regions. As was shown by Welker (b71,b76), and in our own mapping studies (see Fig. 3), this discontinuous pattern of granular, or koniocortical, zones contains within itself a map of the ratbs cutaneous periphery. There are clear subtypes within this cytoarchitectural subregion, notably including the bgranular aggregateb type of cytoarchitecture characteristic of the paw, limb, and mystacial vibrissae areas, and the bbarrel-fieldb type (originally described by Woolsey and Van der Loos, b70) seen in the nose and perioral regions. In the mouse, but not the rat, such barrels also cover the whole whisker representation (Welker and Woolsey, b74).


Peripheral Motor Nerve NOS Intra-Operative Injury, CTCAE


A Toll-like receptor 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


tibia

The major preaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape].


germinal center

A collection of activated B cells at the center of a secondary follicle, formed after B cells become activated and migrate to the center.


T follicular helper cell

A CD4-positive, CXCR5-positive, CCR7-negative alpha-beta T cell located in follicles of secondary lymph nodes that is BCL6-high, ICOS-high and PD1-high, and stimulates follicular B cells to undergo class-switching and antibody production.


B cell

A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B cell mediated immunity.


Ketamine

A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.


Concentration Impairment, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by a deterioration in the ability to concentrate.


somite rostral/caudal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the rostro-caudal axis of a somite, prior to the morphological formation of a somite boundary.


mRNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.


A0A8C2QET8_CRIGR Phosphoinositide-interacting regulator of transient receptor potential channels (trembl)


A0A922ISJ9_SCHHA Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic (trembl)


A0A3V0YXY6_SALET Resembles potassium channels (trembl)


postganglionic sympathetic fiber

A noradrenergic or adrenergic axonal fiber projecting from a sympathetic ganglion to an effector organ.


NEUM_CHICK Neuromodulin (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the GAP43 gene in chicken.


neuroma

A tumor that grows from a nerve or is composed of nerve cells and nerve fibers.


caspase-9 subunit p35

A caspase-9 that corresponds to the N-terminal portion after removal of the propeptides. Example: UniProtKB:P55211-1, ?-315.


transient receptor potential cation channel TRPA

A transient receptor potential channel protein that is a member of the subfamily A of the transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPs), with amino- and carboxyl-terminal intracellular domains separated by a domain (common with other ion channels) containing six transmembrane helices (S1-S6) in which the last two helices (S5 and S6) flank a loop, called the pore loop, which determines ion selectivity. The amino-terminal domain contains 14-16 copies of Ankyrin repeat (Pfam:PF00023). Most TRPs are relatively non-selective. They may be modulated by voltage changes but channel gating is generally effected by other means.


voltage-gated calcium channel protein

A voltage-gated ion channel protein that has voltage-gated calcium channel activity. A voltage-gated calcium channel enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


synaptophysin

A protein that is a translation product of the human SYP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Q9PS46_SCYCA Neuropeptide Y, NPY=PANCREATIC polypeptide homolog (trembl)


Q5FVH5_RAT Neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 (trembl)


Gabapentin

A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.


Ketorolac

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.


Clusters and Cords of GFAP Positive Epithelioid Tumor Cells Present


CHOP-ATF3 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) subunits.


Ankle pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the ankle.


I7GDE3_MACFA Macaca fascicularis brain cDNA clone: QflA-22214, similar to human legumain (LGMN), mRNA, RefSeq: NM_005606.3 (trembl)


oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the oral cavity. It affects predominantly adults in their fifth and sixth decades of life and is associated with alcohol and tobacco use. Human papillomavirus is present in approximately half of the cases. It is characterized by a tendency to metastasize early to the lymph nodes. When the tumor is small, patients are often asymptomatic. Physical examination may reveal erythematous or white lesions or plaques. The majority of patients present with signs and symptoms of locally advanced disease including mucosal ulceration, pain, difficulty with speaking, chewing, and swallowing, bleeding, weight loss, and neck swelling. Patients may also present with swollen neck lymph nodes without any symptoms from the oropharyngeal tumor. The most significant prognostic factors are the size of the tumor and the lymph nodes status.


arrestin-C

A protein that is a translation product of the human ARR3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A C-C chemokine receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Q1A7A4_BOVIN Complement component C5a (Fragment) (trembl)


A0A1T3C6T0_9HYPO PTH11-type GPCRs protein (trembl)


mesenchymal stem cell

A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs.


peripheral neuropathy

A disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. It manifests with pain, tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness. It may be the result of physical injury, toxic substances, viral diseases, diabetes, renal failure, cancer, and drugs.


A0A0B5H157_PIG IL-10 (Fragment) (trembl)


A0A127PA73_9BURK Protein translation initiation inhibitor (trembl)


clathrin interactor 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human CLINT1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Prolonged miniature endplate currents

An abnormal prolongation of the miniature endplate potentials, i.e. the postsynaptic response to transmitter released from an individual vesicle at the neuromuscular junction.


A transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Spontaneous pain sensation

Spontaneous pain is a kind of neuropathic pain which occurs without an identifiable trigger.


Isosakuranetin

A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).


Primidone

A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an  anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.


A0A0S7J194_9TELE NK1R (Fragment) (trembl)


calcium-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions.


An interleukin-6 that is encoded in the genome of rat.


complex regional pain syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a rare neurologic disease painful progressive condition that corresponds to a group of disorders characterized by a disproportionate spontaneous or stimulus-induced pain, accompanied by a variably mixed myriad of autonomic and motor disorders including symptoms such as swelling, allodynia, skin blood supply and trophic disturbances. CRPS most often affects one of the arms, legs, hands, or feet and usually occurs after an injury or trauma to that limb.


Fractured tibia

A partial or complete breakage of the tibia.


Lymphadenopathy

Enlargment (swelling) of a lymph node.


red light signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


fibromyalgia

A chronic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by pain, stiffness, and tenderness in the muscles of neck, shoulders, back, hips, arms, and legs. Other signs and symptoms include headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and painful menstruation.


parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor

A parathyroid hormone receptor that is a translation product of the human PTH1R gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A0A7J5YVG1_DISMA PTH/PTHrP type I receptor (trembl)


immune system

Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.


Suicide behaviors

Suicide attempts or preparations


Impaired pain sensation

Reduced ability to perceive painful stimuli.


A7A213_YEAS7 G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) (trembl)


Cancer-Associated Pain

Pain associated with cancer or its diagnosis or treatment.


A macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


transient receptor potential cation channel TRPA1

A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPA that is a translation product of the human TRPA1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


terminal Schwann cell

A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system inside the basal lamina of the neuromuscular junction providing chemical and physical support to the synapse.


opioid receptor protein

A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor that is a translation product of the human OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1, or OPRL1 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof.


colitis

Inflammation of the colon.


SNCB

A beta-synuclein that is encoded in the genome of human.


ALLOGENEIC HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL DERIVED RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS


afferent loop syndrome

A complication of gastrojejunostomy (billroth II procedure), a reconstructive gastroenterostomy. It is caused by acute (complete) or chronic (intermittent) obstruction of the afferent jejunal loop due to hernia, intussusception, kinking, volvulus, etc. It is characterized by pain and vomiting of bile-stained fluid.


A protein that is a translation product of the human IL2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Interleukin-2 has a dual role in maintaining tolerance and contributing to immunity.


Increased proportion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

An abnormally increased proportion of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells in circulation, relative to another population of cells.


A0A7J8HYY3_MOLMO Growth associated protein 43 (trembl)


A0A8C6L922_NOTFU Activating transcription factor 3 (trembl)


Formation of collagen networks (Gallus gallus)


Neuroinflammation

Activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge and is characterized by a host of cellular and molecular changes within the brain.


An ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human CARTPT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Poor appetite

A reduced desire to eat.


Congenital Phrenic Nerve Injury

Damage to the phrenic nerve that is present at birth.


Hemorrhage

The flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessel.


Meclofenamic acid

An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.


Thalamic hemorrhage

Bleeding in the thalamus.


A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.


B2D2C1_ORNCO Calcitonin/calcitonin-related protein (trembl)


pro-adrenomedullin

A protein that is a translation product of the human ADM gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


S4R319_HUMAN Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (trembl)


mitochondrial fission factor

A protein that is a translation product of the human MFF gene, a 1:1 ortholog thereof, or pro-orthologs thereof.


Mitochondria

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Mitochondria contain distinctive ribosomes, transfer RNAs, amino acyl t-RNA synthetases, and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus for many essential messenger RNAs. Mitochondria consist of two sets of membranes, a smooth continuous outer coat and an inner membrane arranged in tubules or more often in folds that form platelike double membranes (cristae). Mitochondria are the principal energy source of the cell and contains the cytochrome enzymes of terminal electron transport and the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP.


Adm

A pro-adrenomedullin that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Mme

A neprilysin that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


A0A0D3MTH6_ONCMY Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (trembl)


mosquito bite reaction itch intensity measurement


sensory ganglion

The clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons, interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells.


Irregular vertebral endplates

An irregular surface of the vertebral end plates, which are normally relatively smooth.


Celecoxib

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, trifluoromethyl and p-tolyl groups, respectively. A cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, it is used in the treatment of arthritis.


trigeminal ganglion

The cranial ganglion that is associated with and extends fibers into the trigeminal nerve.


somatotropin

A somatotropin hormone family member that is a translation product of the human GH1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Q9PWN1_PROAN Proopiomelanocortin POMC (trembl)


glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A

An ionotropic glutamate receptor protein that is a translation product of the human GRIN3A gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


An adenylate cyclase type 1 that is encoded in the genome of cow.


cathepsin S

A cathepsin-like protease that is a translation product of the human CTSS gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


CTSS

A cathepsin S that is encoded in the genome of human.


trigeminal sensory nucleus

The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): * The mesencephalic nucleus * The chief sensory nucleus (or pontine nucleus or main sensory nucleus or primary nucleus) * The spinal trigeminal nucleus[WP].


A0A0S7J0C3_9TELE NFH (Fragment) (trembl)


Oxidopamine

A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).


sympathetic ophthalmia

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis usually occurring within the three months following trauma or a surgical procedure involving one eye.


Nicotine

A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.


postganglionic parasympathetic fiber

A cholinergic axonal fiber projecting from a parasympathetic ganglion to an effector organ.


glutamate uptake by astrocytes (Sus scrofa)


A0A077Z2Z7_TRITR Sumo conjugating enzyme ubc9 a sumo conjugating enzyme ubc9 sumo conjugating enzyme hus5 (trembl)


anti-inflammatory agent

Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.


A0A8H7HU83_9AGAM Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel (trembl)


nitroglycerin 0.004 MG/MG Rectal Ointment


myofascial pain syndrome

Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on trigger points, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome.


excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


neurotensin receptor type 1

A neurotensin receptor that is a translation product of the human NTSR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E that is encoded in the genome of human.


colon carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the colon


A protein that is a translation product of the human DNM2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Schwann cell

A glial cell that myelinates or ensheathes axons in the peripheral nervous system.


Nitric Oxide

A nitrogen oxide which is a free radical, each molecule of which consists of one nitrogen and one oxygen atom.


reactive oxygen species

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.


opioid abuse

A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of opioid drugs despite negative consequences.


opioid-induced constipation

A constipation disorder caused by use of opiods. OIC may present immediately when a patient takes the opioid, or it may present gradually during opioid therapy.


Q8VHC2_RAT IL-13 receptor alpha 1 (trembl)


hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2

A protein that is a translation product of the human HAVCR2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


oxytocin-neurophysin 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human OXT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Ritanserin

A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.


Q9GK72_LEMCA FK506-binding immunophilin FKBP51 (Fragment) (trembl)


A peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nitrotyrosine

A tyrosine derivative that is tyrosine substituted by a nitro group at unspecified position. A "closed" class.


A0A0S3QR29_LABRO Iron/manganese superoxide dismutases (Fragment) (trembl)


cerebellar nuclear complex

The gray matter nuclei located in the center of the cerebellum, embedded in the white matter, which receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber pathways; all output fibers of the cerebellum originate from the these nuclei[MP].


Oral aversion

Reluctance or refusal of a child to be breastfed or eat, manifested as gagging, vomiting, turning head away from food, or avoidance of sensation in or around the mouth (i.e. toothbrushing or face-washing).


Tactile hypersensitivity

A decreased tolerance to physical touch.


cerebellum

Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA].


cholecystokinin receptor 1

A cholecystokinin receptor that is a translation product of the human CCKAR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligand is sulfated CCK, which is bound with a 500- to 1000-fold higher affinity than sulfated gastrin or nonsulfated CCK.


interleukin-18 isoform h2 (human)

An interleukin-18 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q14116-2.


Bladder duplication

A congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of two bladders.


interstitial cystitis

A rare chronic debilitating urogenital disease characterized by urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain.


overactive bladder

Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. urinary incontinence may or may not be present.


head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from any of the following anatomic sites: lip and oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and salivary glands.


sensory peripheral neuropathy

Inflammation or degeneration of the sensory nerves.


Norepinephrine

The R-enantiomer of noradrenaline.


Propranolol

A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.


Abnormal fear-induced behavior

An abnormal fear-induced behavior includes observable actions. This behavior is characterized by abnormal responses to fear or abnormal fear levels. Examples of such behavior include avoiding fear-inducing situations.


Guanethidine

A member of the class of  guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.


A protein that is a translation product of the elf1 gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-.


brain hypoxia - ischemia

A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ischemia) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ischemic attack, transient; brain infarction; brain edema; coma; and other conditions.


cerebral palsy

A group of disorders affecting the development of movement and posture, often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, and behavior. It results from damage to the fetal or infant brain.


peptidergic neuron

A neuron that uses neuropeptides as transmitters.


sensory neuron of spinal nerve

A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord.


14-3-3 protein

A protein that is a stand alone version of the 14-3-3 protein (Pfam:PF00244) domain.


A0A3R7MMV8_PENVA C-jun N-terminal kinase (trembl)


oscillatory cAMP signaling

Fluctuation in the extracellular cAMP levels due to the alternate activation of adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP, and phosphodiesterase, which degrades it. Occurs in Dictyostelium during early sorocarp development. Oscillation in signaling result is directional chemotaxis of cells towards the center of the aggregate.


nervous system

The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].


SKELETAL MUSCLE GLYCOGEN CONTENT AND METABOLISM QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS


A protein that is a translation product of the human DNM1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


endocytosis

A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a part of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.


AAK1_RAT AP2-associated protein kinase 1 (sprot)

An AAK1 gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of rat.


C-C motif chemokine 2, signal peptide removed form

A C-C motif chemokine 2 that has had the signal peptide removed.


A mu-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


Positive urine opioid test

Detection of opioids or opioid metabolites in urine.


bupropion / naltrexone Extended Release Oral Tablet


Virologic Non-Response

The subject remains viremic during the treatment period.


Sustained Virologic Response

A finding of aviremia at a predetermined time point after the end of planned or actual treatment.


Salt craving

Hypersalivation, also known as salt craving, refers to an excessive desire to consume salt (sodium chloride) or salty foods.


Radiation Overdose

A higher than intended cumulative dose of radiation to a single field.


Clinically Significant Depressive Symptoms

An indication that an individual's depressive symptoms are or were clinically significant.


Clinically Significant Anxiety Symptoms

An indication that an individual's anxiety symptoms are or were clinically significant.


alcohol abuse

The use of alcoholic beverages to excess, either on individual occasions ("binge drinking") or as a regular practice.


Increased Apoptosis

Increase in the amount of apoptosis.


Tramadol

A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.


major depressive disorder

An episode of depression lasting two or more weeks without an intervening episode of mania.


Depression, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by melancholic feelings of grief or unhappiness.


buprenorphine / naloxone Sublingual Tablet


phytocannabinoid

A class of cannabinoid which are C21 terpenophenolic compounds isolated primarily from Cannabis sativa.


detoxification

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


urine

Excretion that is the output of a kidney.


digestive system disorder

A disease or disorder that involves the digestive system.


Bupropion

An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.


Tremor

An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.


Hyperhidrosis

Abnormal excessive perspiration (sweating) despite the lack of appropriate stimuli like hot and humid weather.


anorexia nervosa

A disorder most often seen in adolescent females characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, a disturbance in body image, and, in postmenarcheal females, the development of amenorrhea.


APP

An amyloid-beta precursor protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


168 HR buprenorphine 0.0075 MG/HR Transdermal System


male sex determination

The specification of male sex of an individual organism.


chlamydiaceae infections

Infections with bacteria of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE.


Orthocoronavirinae infectious disease

Infectious disease causes by viruses in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae (coronaviruses). In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), and others that can be lethal, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.


Addictive cannabis use

A persistent and compulsive need to use cannabis, despite negative consequences.


Global Relapse

Recurrence of disease in prior complete response or relapse in any skin, nodes, blood, or viscera category.


Cigarette-paper scars

Thin (atrophic) and wide scars.


Sedated

A state of a lowered level of consciousness.


Nausea

A sensation of unease in the stomach together with an urge to vomit.


Vomiting

Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.


bipolar II disorder

A bipolar disorder that is characterized by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode; with this disorder, depressive episodes are more frequent and more intense than manic episodes.


Joint Task Force Type 2 Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial infarction secondary to ischaemia due to either increased oxygen demand or decreased supply, e.g. coronary artery spasm, coronary embolism, anaemia, arrhythmias, hypertension, or hypotension. (Universal definition of myocardial infarction, Kristian Thygesen, Joseph S. Alpert and Harvey D. White on behalf of the Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction, Eur Heart J (2007) 28 (20): 2525-2538.)


post-traumatic stress disorder

An anxiety disorder precipitated by an experience of intense fear or horror while exposed to a traumatic (especially life-threatening) event. The disorder is characterized by intrusive recurring thoughts or images of the traumatic event; avoidance of anything associated with the event; a state of hyperarousal and diminished emotional responsiveness. These symptoms are present for at least one month and the disorder is usually long-term.


Abnormal drinking behavior

Abnormal consumption of fluids with excessive or insufficient consumption of fluid or any other abnormal pattern of fluid consumption.


cocaine dependence

A psychologically and socially impaired state, with or without physiological changes, that develops as a result of using cocaine and which leads to compulsive behaviors to acquire the substance.


Non-Fatal Cardiopulmonary Arrest Cause Unknown, CTCAE


postpartum psychosis

Postpartum psychosis is a rare psychiatric emergency in which symptoms of high mood and racing thoughts (mania), depression, severe confusion, loss of inhibition, paranoia, hallucinations and delusions set in, beginning suddenly in the first two weeks after childbirth. The symptoms vary and can change quickly.


fatty liver disease

A reversible condition wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells via the process of steatosis.


A0A8C5F2J5_9SAUR Mu opioid receptor (trembl)


Remifentanil

A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.


ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5

A protein that is a translation product of the human ABCB5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


indole alkaloid

An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


blood plasma

The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended.


A1KZZ6_MOUSE Mu opioid receptor mMOR-1S (trembl)


Hypercapnia

Abnormally elevated blood carbon dioxide (CO2) level.


memory

The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).


N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MN-08


A0A8S5V6D2_9CAUD Rubredoxin-H...S-Fe hydrogen bond, ELECTRON TRANSPORT.86A (trembl)


Q716A7_HUMAN Mu opioid receptor MOR-1O (Fragment) (trembl)


W6RD20_9HYPH Soluble epoxide hydrolase SEH (trembl)


epoxy fatty acid

A heterocyclic fatty acid containing an epoxide ring as part of its structure.


5,15-disubstituted porphyrin

A porphyrin compound substituted on opposing methine groups of the porphyrin ring.


A0A1J9RIH3_9PEZI G-protein coupled g-protein-coupled (trembl)


A0A2W1AGA9_UNCCH Cytochrome c, mono-and diheme variants/Cytochrome c, mono-and diheme variants (trembl)


A mu-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Dimerization of BRAF V600E splice variants contributes to BRAF inhibitor resistance (Homo sapiens)


analgesic

An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.


serotonergic agonist

An agent that has an affinity for serotonin receptors and is able to mimic the effects of serotonin by stimulating the physiologic activity at the cell receptors. Serotonin agonists are used as antidepressants, anxiolytics, and in the treatment of migraine disorders.


Increased anti-plant based food allergen IgE antibody level

Increased level of IgE antibody against a plant based food allergen, including vegetables and fruits.


delta-type opioid receptor

An opioid receptor protein that is a translation product of the human OPRD1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligands are enkephalins.


Sufentanil

An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.


orexin/hypocretin receptor type 1

An orexin receptor that is a translation product of the human HCRTR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Hypoventilation

A reduction in the amount of air transported into the pulmonary alveoli by breathing, leading to hypercapnia (increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide).


polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome.


response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.


cellular senescence

A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.


A0A8E6GLL6_COCPS Cell survival pathways protein (trembl)


3-hydroxyanthocyanidin betaine

An oxonium betaine obtained by deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group of any 3-hydroxyanthocyanidin cation. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).


W6JHY9_CARAU Kappa opioid receptor (trembl)


ligand

Any molecule or ion capable of binding to a central metal atom to form coordination complexes.


Stavudine

A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase


A0A6G1PTV7_9TELE Beta-arrestin-1 Arrestin beta-1 Arrestin-2 (trembl)


proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src

A proto-oncogene SRC-like tyrosine-protein kinase that is a translation product of the human SRC gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A0A813D0W1_9DINO CaMKII protein (trembl)


Difficulty running

Reduced ability to run.


Shakes

Unsteadiness or trembling movements of the whole body or a body part.


brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].


A0A8C9TQU8_SCLFO Opioid related nociceptin receptor 1 (trembl)


Intracranial hemorrhage

Hemorrhage occurring within the skull.


Metopic depression

Linear vertical groove in the midline of the forehead, extending from hairline to glabella.


opioid receptor antagonist

An agent that binds to but does not activate an opioid receptor thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous opioid receptor agonists.


polychlorinated dibenzodioxines and related compounds

Organochlorine compounds that are polychlorinated dibenzodioxines and structurally related entities that are persistant organic pollutants. These include polychlorinated dibenzofurans as well as polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls  They vary widely in their toxicity, but their toxic mode of action is through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.


MPO

A myeloperoxidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Functional abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract

Abnormal functionality of the gastrointestinal tract.


A0A8C6RRF2_NANGA Mucin 5, subtypes A and C, tracheobronchial/gastric (trembl)


Hapten

A substance that can act as an epitope for an antibody but that lacks immunogenicity unless coupled to a larger carrier molecule.


Carfentanil

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of methyl 4-anilino-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate with propanoic acid.


Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18


Bradycardia

A slower than normal heart rate (in adults, slower than 60 beats per minute).


ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 36C

A protein that is a translation product of the human ANKRD36C gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


complex sleep apnea

A distinct form of sleep-disordered breathing characterized as central sleep apnea (CSA), and presents in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients during initial treatment with a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device.


glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor

A glucagon-like receptor that is a translation product of the human GLP1R gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Liraglutide

A lipopeptide that is an analogue of human GLP-1 in which the lysine residue at position 27 is replaced by arginine and a hexadecanoyl group attached to the remaining lysine via a glutamic acid spacer. Used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Suvorexant

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group of 5-chloro-2-[(5R)-5-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole. An orexin receptor antagonist used for the management of insomnia.


Benzyl Alcohol

An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.


A regulator of G-protein signaling 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A regulator of G-protein signaling 9 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Karyocytomegaly and Multinucleated Hepatocytes

A finding of both karyocytomegaly and multinucleated hepatocytes in the same lesion.


Cell-Derived Microparticles

A small, membrane-bound vesicle between 100 nm to 1000 nm in size found in the circulatory system. These vesicles are plasma membrane fragments shed from cells. The protein composition is similar to that of the cell that shed the particle.


A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A that is encoded in the genome of pig.


leptin

A protein that is a translation product of the human LEP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A0A167VDM1_PENCH High osmolarity sensitivity protein (trembl)


Pelvic Floor Muscle Weakness, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by a reduction in the strength of the muscles of the pelvic floor.


Pelvic pain

Pain perceived in the area of the pelvis, the lower part of the abdomen located between the hip bones.


Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Symptoms that result from pathologic processes affecting the urinary bladder and/or urethra. They include urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, nocturia, incomplete voiding, and poor stream during urination.


Hcs

A biotin--protein ligase that is encoded in the genome of fruit fly.


CTH

A cystathionine gamma-lyase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kentucky


regulation of protein autoubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.


Negative affectivity

A tendency to experience negative emotions, i.e., a disposition to experience aversive emotional states.


Retinopathy of Prematurity, AE

An adverse event characterized by a retinal condition of very immature infants that may be characterized by non-vascularized retinae that may lead to neovascularization, scarring, retinal detachment, and blindness.


Jaundice

Yellow pigmentation of the skin due to bilirubin, which in turn is the result of increased bilirubin concentration in the bloodstream.


primary visual cortex

The visual area of the brain that is specialized for processing information about static and moving objects. The primary visual cortex, which is defined by its function or stage in the visual system, is approximately equivalent to the striate cortex, also known as Brodmann area 17, which is defined by its anatomical location.


Visual loss

Loss of visual acuity (implying that vision was better at a certain time point in life). Otherwise the term reduced visual acuity should be used (or a subclass of that).