PR:000039297

The study investigates the role of chemokine receptor Ccr7 in osteoarthritis (OA). It was found that CCR7 protein expression is elevated in synovial tissue from OA patients. The study used a murine model of OA and found that deficiency of Ccr7 led to delayed development of joint damage and functional deficits. The study also found that Ccr7 deficiency provided minimal protection from early cartilage degeneration and osteophytosis, and protected from subchondral bone changes. These findings suggest that Ccr7 plays a role in the early development of functional deficits and subchondral bone changes in OA.


PR:000039297

deficiency leads to delayed development of


PR:000039297


PR:000039297

deficiency provides minimal protection from early degeneration of


PR:000011194

The paper reviews recent and ongoing trials for pain management in osteoarthritis (OA). The most promising strategy identified is the blockade of nerve growth factor with antibodies, specifically tanuzemab and fasinumab. Other interventions being tested include cytokine inhibition, selective μ, δ or κ opioid receptor agonists, zoledronate, and intra-articular capsaicin. Cryoneurolytic strategies that target peripheral nerves are also being considered, but require further study. The challenge lies in identifying patients who will benefit most from these specific approaches.


UniProtKB:Q27074


GTOPDB:8965


PR:000002138


PR:000001612


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:23725076


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:1548943


MONDO:0005178

The study discusses the mechanisms and mediators contributing to the pain associated with Osteoarthritis (OA), a common form of arthritis. The pain in OA is maintained by a strong peripheral nociceptive drive from the affected joint and central sensitization. Mediators such as nerve growth factor, chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells present in the OA joint contribute to sensitization. Structural alterations in joint innervation and nerve damage also occur in OA. The pain in OA is a result of several interrelated pathological processes including joint damage, structural reorganization of joint afferents, low-grade inflammation, neuroplasticity, and nerve damage.


MONDO:0005178


UniProtKB:A0A346FRV6


UniProtKB:Q7TUX1


HP:0030662


GO:0060384


EFO:0000391


EFO:0005413


NCIT:C156084


PR:000003606

The study investigates the role of a 32-amino-acid aggrecan fragment (32-mer) in causing joint pain in osteoarthritis. The 32-mer fragment is produced through enzymatic degradation of aggrecan by ADAMTS-4 or ADAMTS-5 and further cleavage by MMPs. The 32-mer fragment was found to excite dorsal root ganglion nociceptive neurons and induce the expression of the proalgesic chemokine CCL2. These effects were mediated through TLR2, which is expressed by nociceptive neurons. Intra-articular injection of the 32-mer fragment caused knee hyperalgesia in wild type mice but not in Tlr2-null mice. Blocking the production or action of the 32-mer in transgenic mice prevented the development of knee hyperalgesia in a murine model of osteoarthritis.


PR:000003741


PR:000003742


NCBIGene:45424639


PR:000055565

32-amino-acid aggrecan fragment (32-mer)

Dorsal root ganglion nociceptive neurons


PR:000055565


UBERON:0035017

The study investigates the nociceptive innervation of normal and osteoarthritic murine knees. The research used C57BL/6 NaV1.8-tdTomato reporter mice and C57BL/6-Pirt-GCaMP3 mice, and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) immunostaining of C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice. The study found that nociceptive innervation was most dense in bone marrow cavities, lateral synovium, and at the insertions of the cruciate ligaments in naive 10-week old mice. By age 26 weeks, unoperated knees showed a marked decline in nociceptors in the lateral synovium and cruciate ligament insertions. Late-stage surgically induced osteoarthritis is associated with striking plasticity of joint afferents in the medial compartment of the knee.


UBERON:0035017


UniProtKB:A0A4P9Q254

The study discusses the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the progression of Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic disease affecting synovial joints. TLRs, part of the innate immune system, contribute to pathological changes in OA joint tissues and are involved in initiating and maintaining pain. The study also discusses the effects of specific damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which act as TLR ligands in vitro, including their direct effects on pain-sensing neurons. Evidence from transgenic mice targeting TLR pathways suggests a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways activated by OA DAMPs. Clinical evidence also implicates TLRs in OA pathogenesis, including polymorphisms and surrogate markers of disease activity.


UniProtKB:A0A4P9Q254


UniProtKB:A0A836J349

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)


UniProtKB:A0A836J349


UniProtKB:M1FVS3

The paper discusses the role of innate immunity in osteoarthritis (OA) joint pain. It explains that the activation of neuronal Pattern Recognition Receptors by mediators released in a damaged joint can result in direct excitation of nociceptors, as well as in the production of chemokines and cytokines. Indirect neuro-immune signaling may occur when innate immune cells produce algogenic factors, including chemokines and cytokines, that act on the pain pathway. Immune cells such as macrophages, mast cells, and CD4+ lymphocytes may contribute to nociceptor sensitization and OA pain through the production of algogenic factors that amplify the activation of sensory neurons.


GO:0045087


MESH:D013491


NCIT:C143357

Macrophages, Mast cells, CD4+ lymphocytes


NCBIGene:3872395

The study investigates the role of innate neuro-immune pathways in persistent pain in experimental osteoarthritis (OA) in mice. The researchers performed destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery on mice and analyzed gene expression changes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at different stages of OA. They identified three pain phenotypes: "post-surgical pain", "early-stage OA pain", and "persistent OA pain". The study found that genes related to immune cell recruitment and activation were differentially regulated in the persistent OA pain phase. Genes previously linked to OA pain (CX3CL1, CCL2, TLR1, and NGF) were upregulated in this phenotype. The study also confirmed that Ngf was elevated in the DRG 8 weeks after DMM, and numbers of F4/80+ macrophages were increased 16 weeks after DMM.


MONDO:0008143


NCBIGene:6347


NCBIGene:4803


CL:0002478


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:36314

The study investigates the mechanisms of acute toxicity produced by paclitaxel treatment on primary sensory neurons under in vitro conditions. The research used primary rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) culture with paclitaxel and observed an increase of pERK and pp38 at 2 hours, accompanied by an increase in expression and release of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). At 48 hours of exposure, the increase in pERK was sustained and the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and IL-6 was also increased. These responses were prevented by coincubation with a TLR4 antagonist (LPS-RS). The study also found evidence of oxidative stress and mitotoxicity at 48 hours of exposure.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:36314


UNII:INE8OMG1N5


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:36314

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP)

The study found that blockers of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, specifically Wnt3a, Wnt10a, and β-Catenin, can prevent and ameliorate chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP). This pain is a common side effect of many chemotherapeutic drugs. The study used male Sprague-Dawley rats and male Axin2-LacZ knock-in mice, and induced neuropathic pain through the injection of the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PAC). The Wnt/β-catenin blockers XAV-939, LGK-974, and iCRT14 were administered and found to prevent the development of CINP. PAC was found to increase Wnt3a and Wnt10a, activate β-catenin in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), and increase monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-1β in DRGs.


MESH:C000716507


MESH:C097468


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5967294


UniProtKB:A0A9L0SH84

The study investigates the protein distribution of nociceptor markers in the human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord. The peptidergic marker, CGRP, and the non-peptidergic marker, P2X3R, were found to be co-expressed by approximately 33% of human DRG neurons. TrpV1 was expressed in about 60% of human DRG neurons. In the dorsal spinal cord, CGRP, P2X3R, TrpV1, and Nav1.7 proteins stained the entirety of lamina 1-2, with only P2XR3 showing a gradient of expression. The findings suggest that the central projection patterns of nociceptors are different between mice and humans.


NCBIGene:445457


UniProtKB:A9JQD6


UniProtKB:A0A9L0SH84


NCBIGene:57105

The study reveals that Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), specifically leukotriene C4 (LTC4), and its signaling through the CysLT receptor 2 (CysLT2R) play a significant role in inducing itch. The Cysltr2 transcript is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons linked to itch in mice and CYSLTR2 in human DRG neurons. LTC4-mediated itch differed from pruritogens histamine, compound 48/80, and chloroquine. The study also found that CysLT2R contributes to itch in a model of dermatitis. Therefore, targeting CysLT signaling may be a promising approach to treat inflammatory itch.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5280493


PR:000001560


MONDO:0008227

The paper discusses the changes in peripheral neuronal pathways that cause joint pain in osteoarthritis. It focuses on the plasticity of the nociceptive system in osteoarthritis and how this involves changes in the structural, physiologic, and genetic properties of neurons in pain pathways. The role of the neurotrophin, nerve growth factor, in these pathogenic processes is also discussed. The paper also considers how neuronal pathways are modified by interaction with the degenerating joint tissues they innervate and with the innate immune system.


UBERON:0035017


PR:000021998


MONDO:0016729


REACT:R-SCE-168249

The paper discusses the significant role of the innate immune system in the generation of neuropathic pain, including the pain that accompanies cancer treatment. The innate immune system contributes to cancer treatment pain at various locations including the distal endings of peripheral nerve, in the nerve trunk, in the dorsal root ganglion, and in the spinal dorsal horn.


REACT:R-SCE-168249


NCIT:C158332

The paper discusses the role of macrophages, a type of immune cell, in the development and persistence of pain in osteoarthritis (OA). Macrophages are adaptable cells that communicate with their environment through various signals such as cytokines, growth factors, and neuropeptides. They are involved in various functions including homeostasis regulation, phagocytosis, and inflammation induction and resolution. The paper suggests that understanding the interaction between macrophages and the nervous system could lead to new therapeutic strategies for chronic pain.


NCIT:C158332


NCIT:C158332

may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of


NCBIGene:878723

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors

Chronic pain, affecting one in five people, is a significant cause of disability globally. However, treatment is often inadequate due to poor efficacy and tolerability. Nociceptors, which contribute to many chronic pain states, are a promising therapeutic target. Advances in studying human nociceptors have been made, including the use of corneal confocal microscopy, biopsy samples, culture of human nociceptors, transcriptomics, microneurography, and quantitative sensory testing. Genome editing in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors allows for the study of the role of genes in nociceptor function. Differences between human and rodent nociceptors have been found, particularly in ion channel function, expression, and cellular excitability. These advances have highlighted the maladaptive changes in human nociceptors following injury that contribute to chronic pain. Cellular models of human nociceptors have enabled the screening of small molecule and gene therapy approaches on nociceptor function, and in some cases, correlation with clinical outcomes.


CHEBI:25367


UniProtKB:A0A2J8PG01

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons

The study found that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons are rich in ANTXR2, a high-affinity receptor for anthrax toxins. Anthrax toxins, composed of protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF), can target these neurons and induce analgesia in mice. The study also found that the analgesic effect depends on ANTXR2 expressed by Nav1.8+ or Advillin+ neurons. The researchers also engineered anthrax toxins to introduce exogenous protein cargoes, including botulinum toxin, into DRG neurons to silence pain.


DRUGBANK:DB11003


DRUGBANK:DB11003

engineered to introduce into DRG neurons


UBERON:0035017

The study used spatial transcriptomics to analyze the transcriptomes of single dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons from eight organ donors. The researchers identified 12 clusters of human sensory neurons, including five C nociceptors, one C low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs), one Aβ nociceptor, two Aδ, two Aβ, and one proprioceptor subtypes. They also found potential drug targets by examining expression profiles for ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and other pharmacological targets. The study also revealed sex differences in human DRG subpopulation transcriptomes, with a significant increase in calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha (CALCA) expression in female pruritogen receptor-enriched nociceptors.


UniProtKB:E9FVN7


UniProtKB:A0A4W5R0F8

Calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha (CALCA)

Female pruritogen receptor-enriched nociceptors


HP:0003730

The study found that neuropathic pain in rodents and humans can be driven by spontaneous activity (SA) generated by sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The research showed that pain and SA in both sexes were significantly associated with three functional electrophysiological alterations. These alterations were similar to those reported for nociceptors in rodent chronic pain models. The findings suggest that despite cellular differences between human and rodent DRG neurons, conserved physiological mechanisms of SA in human nociceptor somata can drive neuropathic pain.


UBERON:0012451


HP:0003730


NCIT:C5037


UBERON:0035017


MONDO:0005148

The study investigates the molecular mechanisms contributing to diabetic pain in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) were analyzed and compared with controls. The transcriptome analyses identified 844 differentially expressed genes. The results showed an increase in inflammation-associated transcripts from macrophages in DPN patients, which may contribute to pain hypersensitivity. Additionally, there was a decrease in neuronally-related genes. These findings provide new insights into the pathology and mechanisms causing neuropathic pain in DPN patients with T2DM.


MONDO:0006626


NCIT:C158332


MESH:D036225


NCIT:C3137

The paper discusses the role of inflammation in causing pain in Osteoarthritis (OA), a leading cause of chronic pain. It highlights that low-level inflammation in OA is a significant factor causing joint damage. The inflammation can occur locally in joint tissues like the synovium, within the sensory nervous system, or systemically due to various factors. The paper also discusses how local inflammation can contribute to mechanical sensitization and structural neuroplasticity of joint nociceptors through pro-inflammatory factors such as nerve growth factor, cytokines, and chemokines. The role of synovitis and neuroimmune interactions are also considered. The paper further explores the role of neuroinflammation in the dorsal root ganglia and dorsal horn and how systemic inflammation associated with obesity may modify OA pain.


NCIT:C3137


PR:000011194


UniProtKB:Q7TUX1


UniProtKB:A0A346FRV6


MONDO:0002400


REACT:R-HSA-177243


MONDO:0011122


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5315659

The study investigates the metabolism of the phytocannabinoid cannabigerol (CBG) by human cytochrome P450s. The major metabolite formed is cyclo-CBG, which is rapidly produced by selected human cytochrome P450s (CYP2J2, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9). In vivo studies with mice confirmed these findings. The study also found that CBG and its oxidized metabolites reduced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells stimulated with LPS.


UniProtKB:A0A8S3RKL8


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5315659


EFO:0010703

The paper describes the Wakȟáŋyeža (Little Holy One) intervention and evaluation protocol, designed to break cycles of intergenerational trauma, suicide, and substance use among Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux parents and their children. The study uses a randomized controlled trial with an embedded single-case experimental design to determine the effectiveness of the intervention on parent-child outcomes and the impact of unique cultural lesson-components. The primary outcomes are parent trauma symptoms and stress, with secondary outcomes including parent depression symptoms, parenting practices, substance use, and child behavior and school attendance. The study aims to provide insights about the potential of a culturally-based intervention to reduce parental distress and thereby reduce risk for children's later substance misuse and suicidality.


EFO:0010703


NCIT:C35041


MONDO:0012048


CHEBI:35482

The study analyzed trends in opioid misuse, social support, and suicide attempts among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) high school students in New Mexico from 2009 to 2019. The prevalence of suicide attempts did not significantly change over time, but was higher among females, those who misused opioids, received low social support, had a mother with less than high school education, had poor academic performance, and non-straight students. Opioid misuse showed a significant decreasing trend from 2009 to 2017, but increased significantly from 2017 to 2019. Students with high maternal education and good school grade performance were less likely to misuse opioids and attempt suicide.


MONDO:0001247


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates the role of social support (SS) in the relationship between opioid misuse and suicide attempts among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) high-school students in New Mexico. The study found that high levels of social support significantly reduced the odds of suicide attempts in students who misused opioids. This protective effect was more pronounced in males and in students attending schools in off-reservation and rural communities. The study also found that social support mediated and moderated 23.64% and 41.05% of the association between opioid misuse and suicide attempts, respectively. The mediation effect of social support was lowest for rural, on-reservation schools.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study aims to address the high prevalence of opioid use disorders (OUDs) among urban American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) emerging adults (ages 18-25) through a randomized controlled trial. The trial will compare the effects of the Traditions and Connections for Urban Native Americans (TACUNA) program, which integrates motivational interviewing, social network visualization, and traditional practices, with a culturally sensitive opioid education workshop. The primary outcomes to be evaluated are the frequency of opioid, alcohol, and cannabis use, and secondary outcomes include social network characteristics and cultural connectedness over a 12-month period.


CHEBI:30879


UNII:A718Z7DA1K


NCBITaxon:1591089

Traditions and Connections for Urban Native Americans (TACUNA)


HP:0000737

The study investigates the relationship between frustration-related lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) activation and irritability in children aged 3-7. The researchers found that this relationship is not linear, but rather follows a quadratic model. LPFC activation increased with irritability within the normal range, but decreased with severe irritability, peaking at the 91st percentile. Children who reported mild distress had greater LPFC activation than those reporting no or high distress. This suggests that children with higher irritability but no impairment may have well-developed LPFC support, which is less present in severe irritability.


UniProtKB:A0A8H5WMG1


MONDO:0005178

The study found a strong association between osteoarthritis (OA), a common cause of chronic pain, and perceived memory loss in a large Appalachian population. The likelihood of reporting frequent memory loss was almost three times higher in participants with OA. This association increased significantly with the frequency of reported joint pain. The influence of sleep and mood disturbance was also examined, and while these factors attenuated the association, they did not eliminate it.


MONDO:0005178


NCIT:C56095


HP:5200293


HP:0000712


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study aimed to determine the correlation between the probability of postoperative opioid prescription refills and the amount of opioid prescribed. The study found that the probability of a single postoperative refill did not change with an increase in initial oral morphine equivalents prescribed. Instead, patient factors such as tobacco use, anxiety, mood disorders, alcohol or substance abuse disorders, and arthritis were correlated with the probability of refill. The study suggests that surgeons could prescribe smaller prescriptions without influencing refill requests.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


MESH:C000724249

The study investigates the use of liposome encapsulated KT109, a triazole urea inhibitor of Diacylglycerol lipase-beta (DAGLβ), to target macrophages and inhibit their inflammatory signaling. The researchers found that a small amount of liposomal KT109 was able to inactivate about 80% of DAGLβ in macrophages without affecting other tissues. This targeted delivery resulted in a significant enhancement in antinociceptive potency in a mouse inflammatory pain model, suggesting a potential new anti-inflammatory strategy.


MESH:C000724249


MESH:C000620721


PR:000006269


MONDO:0018362

The paper discusses the global issue of persistent pain, which is a leading cause of disability and is often undertreated due to ineffective therapeutics or intolerable side effects. The authors argue that all but the most transient forms of pain should be approached as a disease where a cure can be the goal of all treatment plans. They review recent advances in the neurobiology of pain and discuss barriers to achieving this goal, as well as the development of new therapeutic strategies. They also highlight innovations that are creating new opportunities to treat and even reverse persistent pain, some of which are in late-phase clinical trials.


MONDO:0018362


EFO:0010445

The study investigates the neurobiology of attentional bias in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CocUD) using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The results showed that cocaine-word cues significantly increased the effective connectivity between the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the right hippocampus. This increased connectivity was associated with greater reaction time to cocaine-word cues. The researchers suggest that this circuit could be a potential target for therapeutics in CocUD patients.


EFO:0010445


MESH:D016578


UBERON:0009835


HP:0033399

The paper discusses the role of persistent pain, which affects a significant portion of the global population. Persistent pain is primarily caused by the sensitization of nociceptive neurons, which involves new gene expression to support the necessary biochemical and structural changes for amplified pain signaling. The paper emphasizes that while transcription-dependent changes in gene expression are significant, the regulation of mRNA translation is crucial in controlling the cellular proteome and the development and maintenance of persistent pain. The paper also highlights recent advances in the translational regulation of gene expression in nociceptive circuits, suggesting potential targets for the development of new pain therapeutics.


UBERON:0035017


GO:0010467


REACT:R-HSA-2889036


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6321408

The study investigates the effects of treating pregnant women with opioid use disorders using buprenorphine + naloxone in Appalachia. The results showed that all neonatal birth outcome parameters were within normal ranges, although on the lower side of normal for gestational age and birth weight. Only 19% of neonates required morphine for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). The findings suggest that the use of buprenorphine + naloxone is relatively safe during pregnancy.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6321408


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:36314

The study investigates the use of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors, specifically JZL184 and MJN110, in reversing paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia (a type of neuropathic pain) in mice. The inhibitors were found to dose-dependently reverse allodynia, with the antiallodynic effects requiring both cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. MJN110 also reduced the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) and phospho-p38 MAPK in dorsal root ganglia and MCP-1 in the spinal dorsal horn. Repeated administration of a threshold dose of JZL184 completely reversed paclitaxel-induced allodynia. Importantly, the inhibitors did not interfere with the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of paclitaxel in non-small cell lung cancer cells.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:25021165


MESH:C587716


MONDO:0011382

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that causes recurrent acute pain and chronic persistent pain. The pain is currently treated with opioids, but this approach has limitations due to adverse effects. The paper discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sickle cell pain, including mast cell activation, neurogenic inflammation, peripheral nociceptor sensitization, maladaptation of spinal signals, central sensitization, and modulation of neural circuits in the brain. The authors suggest potential preventive/therapeutic targets and novel pharmacologic and/or integrative approaches to alleviate sickle cell pain.


CHEBI:35482


CL:0000097


MONDO:0008450


GO:0046960


MONDO:0021228


MESH:D053610

The study evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-modal, interprofessional educational approach in changing opiate prescribing practices among healthcare professionals. The educational activities included webcasts, roundtable events, and conference presentations. Over 1,000 participants, including nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians, accessed the activities. The study found that the majority of the participants intended to make changes in their chronic pain patient management practices after the events. There were significant changes in knowledge for both live event and webcast participants, and participants were more confident post-activity than their control group peers.


NCBITaxon:3027923


EFO:0011015


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095

The paper discusses the pharmacogenetics of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) treatment. It highlights the role of genetic variation in the effectiveness of OUD medications such as methadone and buprenorphine. The genetic variation can affect the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic effects on OUD medications, or it can influence the rate of negative side effects and adverse events. The paper reviews the existing literature on the pharmacogenetics of OUD treatment, focusing on medication metabolism, treatment outcomes, and adverse events.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


EFO:0004828


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study identifies factors influencing opioid prescribing behavior after curative-intent surgery. Five theoretical domains were found to be relevant: environmental context and resources; social influences; beliefs about consequences; social/professional role and identity; and goals. Three interventions were suggested to change opioid prescribing behavior: enablement (using nurses to counsel patients on opioid use during preoperative visits); environmental restructuring (providing on-screen prompts with normative data on the quantity of opioid prescribed); and education (providing prescribing guidelines).


MESH:C436741

The study aims to develop a model to predict severe pain during wound care procedures (WCPs) and identify biological factors associated with this pain. The study found that dressing changes can cause moderate to severe pain in 74% of patients, with 36% experiencing severe pain. The study is currently enrolling participants at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.


UniProtKB:Q5U791

The study investigates the role of Protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in causing migraine-like pain behaviors in mice. The research used selective pharmacological agents and knockout mice to study the effect of a specific PAR2 agonist, 2at-LIGRL-NH2, on primary trigeminal and dural cell cultures. The study found that 2at-LIGRL-NH2 evoked Ca2+ signaling in mouse trigeminal neurons, dural fibroblasts, and meningeal afferents. Dural application of 2at-LIGRL-NH2 or 48-80, a mast cell degranulator, caused dose-dependent grimace behavior and mechanical allodynia that were attenuated by either local or systemic application of C391, a selective PAR2 antagonist, as well as in PAR2-/- mice. The study suggests that PAR2 may link resident immune cells to meningeal nociceptor activation, driving migraine-like pain and implicating PAR2 as a therapeutic target for migraine in humans.


MESH:C000602226


CHEBI:75295


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126970682


MONDO:0008450

The study aims to optimize Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT) treatment protocols for low back pain. The researchers propose to examine the impact of co-intervention exercise strategies that are proposed to accentuate SMT mechanisms. The study will evaluate the effects of three intervention components provided in eight combinations on mechanistic (spinal stiffness and multifidus muscle activation) and patient-reported outcomes (pain and disability). The ultimate goal is to develop an optimized protocol for providing SMT to patients with low back pain.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:73673519

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (S1PR)

The study investigates the effects of the prodrug FTY720, an agonist for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (S1PR), as a potential pain therapeutic. The research found that FTY720 produced dose-dependent antinociception and antiallodynia in both acute thermal and chronic neuropathic pain models in mice. However, repeated administration of FTY720 led to tolerance in the acute thermal model but not in the chronic neuropathic pain model. This suggests a differential mechanism of FTY720 action between these models. The study also found that repeated FTY720 administration led to desensitized S1PR1 signaling throughout the central nervous system.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:73673519


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:73673519

leads to desensitized S1PR1 signaling in


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that new persistent opioid use is a common postoperative complication, with 6% of previously opioid-naïve patients continuing to fill opioid prescriptions 3-6 months after surgery. The study identified that surgeons provide the majority of opioid prescriptions during the first 3 months after surgery. However, 9 to 12 months after surgery, the majority of opioid prescriptions were provided by primary care physicians. The study suggests that enhanced care coordination between surgeons and primary care physicians could allow earlier identification of patients at risk for new persistent opioid use to prevent misuse and dependence.


HP:0000786


RXCUI:416783

The study found that the proportion of initial opioid prescriptions for opioid-naive patients by surgeons, dentists, and emergency physicians increased by 15.8% from 2010 to 2016. The greatest increases were related to surgical (18.1%) and dental (67.8%) prescribing. In 2016, surgery patients filled 22.0% of initial prescriptions, emergency medicine patients 13.0%, and dental patients 4.2%. The mean total oral morphine equivalents per prescription for surgical patients increased from 240 mg in 2010 to 403 mg in 2016. Over the study period, surgical patients received the highest proportion of potent opioids, with 90.2% receiving hydrocodone or oxycodone. The study suggests that evidence-based guideline development for surgical and dental prescribing is needed to curb iatrogenic opioid morbidity and mortality.


MONDO:0006846


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284569


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284603


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

Iatrogenic opioid morbidity and mortality


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that implementing evidence-based opioid prescribing guidelines for a single surgical procedure resulted in decreased opioid prescribing for four other surgical procedures. The procedures included laparoscopic appendectomy, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and thyroidectomy/parathyroidectomy. The reduction in opioid prescription size was significant for all procedures except laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. There was a significant increase in requests for refills after laparoscopic appendectomy, but not for other procedures.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


NCBIGene:100060029

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has a significant genetic component, with the risk of developing the disorder being influenced by certain genetic variants. These variants have been identified through candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The most studied candidate genes include the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1), the delta-opioid receptor (OPRD1), the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Variants in these genes have been associated with small, but reproducible, effects on OUD risk. GWAS have also identified potential associations with variants in KCNG2, KCNC1, CNIH3, APBB2, and RGMA. However, these genetic associations only explain a small portion of OUD risk. Future studies will need to incorporate rare variants, epigenetics, and gene × environment interactions to better explain the observed heritability.


NCBIGene:102174787


NCBIGene:451553


NCBIGene:119943514

brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)


NCBIGene:26251


NCBIGene:3746


NCBIGene:72978


NCBIGene:323


NCBIGene:56963


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284569

The study investigates the impact of the US Drug Enforcement Administration's 2014 policy change, which moved hydrocodone-containing analgesics from schedule III to the more restrictive schedule II, on postoperative opioid prescriptions. The analysis of outpatient opioid prescriptions filled between January 2012 and October 2015 revealed that after the schedule change, the mean amount of opioids filled in the initial postoperative prescription increased by approximately 35 oral morphine equivalents (OMEs), equivalent to 7 tablets of hydrocodone (5 mg). However, there were no significant differences in the total OMEs filled during the 30-day postoperative period before and after the schedule change, but there was a significant decrease in the refill rate.


PR:000001590

The study aimed to compare the availability of kappa opioid receptors (KOR) in alcohol-dependent individuals and healthy controls. Using PET scans with [11C]LY2795050, a selective kappa antagonist tracer, the researchers found that alcohol-dependent individuals had significantly lower KOR availability in the amygdala and pallidum. The study also found no significant change in KOR availability with age.


PR:000001590


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6420088


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study aimed to reduce opioid prescribing after breast and melanoma procedures through an intervention focused on education and prescribing guidelines. The intervention led to a significant decrease in the mean quantity of opioid prescribed for mastectomy or wide local excision for melanoma by 37%, and for lumpectomy or breast biopsy by 42%. The frequency of opioid prescription refills did not significantly change, suggesting that the intervention did not increase the need for refills. This indicates that further reductions in opioid prescribing may be possible with similar interventions.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284603


CHEBI:84123

The study analyzed the differences in postoperative opioid prescribing among different healthcare providers. It was found that advanced practice providers, such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants, accounted for 19% of all prescriptions and prescribed 18% larger amounts of opioids compared to physicians. The amount of opioid prescribed also varied by surgical specialty, with neurosurgery prescribing the most and urology the least. The study suggests that all providers involved in postoperative care need to be engaged to understand prescribing practices and identify barriers to reducing prescribing.


RXCUI:359751


CHEBI:35482

The study investigates the incidence of Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in West Virginia (WV) using a real-time statewide surveillance system, Project WATCH. NAS is a condition affecting newborns after discontinuation of prenatal drug exposure, primarily opioids. The study examined all births in WV from October to December 2017. The annual incidence rate of NAS was found to be 51.3 per 1000 live births per year for all births and 50.6 per 1000 live births per year for WV residents only. The study suggests the need to develop effective care systems for mother-infant dyads affected by substance use, particularly targeting pregnant women in rural communities.


NCIT:C125616


NCIT:C124295


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study analyzed the incidence and factors associated with new persistent opioid use after lung resection in opioid-naïve cancer patients. The study found that 14% of opioid-naïve patients continued to fill opioid prescriptions following lung resection. The independent risk factors for persistent opioid usage were identified as age less than or equal to 64 years, male sex, postoperative length of stay, thoracotomy, and adjuvant therapy. The greatest risk factors were adjuvant therapy and thoracotomy.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


MESH:D005620


CHEBI:35482

The study found that the quantity of opioids prescribed after surgery was significantly higher than the patient-reported opioid consumption. The quantity of opioid prescribed was the strongest factor associated with patient-reported opioid consumption. Other significant risk factors included patient-reported pain in the week after surgery, history of tobacco use, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, age, procedure type, and inpatient surgery status. The study suggests that using patient-reported opioid consumption to develop better prescribing practices is an important step in combating the opioid epidemic.


CHEBI:35482


MONDO:0008575


RXCUI:1049254

The study compared opioid prescribing in teaching hospitals versus non-teaching hospitals in Michigan, using insurance claims data from 2012 to 2016. It was found that patients discharged from teaching hospitals received larger initial opioid prescriptions and had higher rates of high-risk prescribing compared to non-teaching hospitals. High-risk prescribing was defined as high daily dose (≥ 100 oral morphine equivalents), new long-acting/extended-release opioid, overlapping prescriptions, or concurrent benzodiazepine prescription.


RXCUI:1049254


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study examined opioid-related outcomes in West Virginia from 2008 to 2016 using hospitalization and mortality data. The findings showed an average annual increase of 13% in the hospitalization rate for opioid overdoses, mirroring the state's opioid overdose death rate increase of 12%. Additionally, the percentage of patients with a repeat opioid overdose also increased annually by 13% on average. The study suggests a need for enhanced prevention and treatment efforts throughout the state.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study analyzed preoperative opioid use in patients undergoing elective surgery and its relationship with postoperative opioid prescription. It was found that preoperative opioid use is common and varies by dose, recency, duration, and continuity of fills. The study identified six groups of preoperative opioid use, ranging from minimal to chronic. Preoperative opioid use was the most influential predictor of a second fill post-surgery, with even minimal or intermittent use having a larger effect than other factors. The study suggests that identifying preoperative opioid use can inform surgeon prescribing and care coordination for pain management after surgery.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345

The study analyzed drug-related deaths in West Virginia, United States from 2005 to 2017, focusing on the involvement of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs (FAs). The study found that while prescription opioid-related deaths decreased by 75% from 2005-14 to 2015-17, deaths involving fentanyl increased by 122% in the same period. Ten FAs were identified after 2015. Substances such as alprazolam and ethanol were frequently identified, and fentanyl, heroin, and cocaine replaced oxycodone, diazepam, and hydrocodone in the top five substances identified beginning in 2015. The study concludes that fentanyl, FAs, and other illicit drugs pose a serious health threat despite the decrease in prescription opioid-related deaths.


RXCUI:1159059


RXCUI:216284


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates the variation in long-term opioid use in osteoarthritis patients based on geography and health care access. The study found that the percentage of osteoarthritis patients taking long-term opioids varied widely across states, with the highest in Alabama and the lowest in Minnesota. Access to primary care providers was only slightly associated with rates of long-term opioid use, while access to rheumatologists was not associated with long-term opioid use. The variation in long-term opioid use was not fully explained by differences in access to health care providers, varying case-mix, or state-level policies.


NCBITaxon:705993


NCBITaxon:70803


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that 8.3% of opioid-naïve patients developed prolonged opioid use after shoulder arthroscopy. Factors associated with a higher risk of prolonged opioid use included a high total opioid dose during the perioperative period, suicide and self-harm disorder, history of alcohol dependence or abuse, mood disorder, opioid prescription filled in the 30 days before surgery, female sex, anxiety disorder, and a history of a pain diagnosis. The risk of prolonged opioid use was higher among women and those with greater opioid use in the early postoperative period, mental health conditions, substance dependence and abuse, and preexisting pain disorders.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

increases risk of prolonged use if filled before surgery


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


EFO:0007010

The study found that the incidence of infective endocarditis (IE), a potentially lethal complication associated with IV drug use, has significantly increased in Southern West Virginia over the last decade, mirroring the increase in mixed drug use. The total hospital charges for treating IE associated with illicit drug use from 2008 to 2015 were over $17 million, but only 22% of these charges were paid, resulting in a hospital deficit of over $13 million.


EFO:0007010


MONDO:0000565


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462310

The paper investigates the effect of using an activated charcoal bag for the disposal of unused opioids after an outpatient surgical procedure. The study was conducted as a randomized clinical trial.


UniProtKB:A0A9L0SH84

The study found that the application of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to the rat dura mater produces cutaneous periorbital hypersensitivity, but only in female rats. Males showed no response to doses of CGRP ranging from 1 pg to 3.8 μg. In females, CGRP caused priming to a pH 7.0 solution after recovery from the initial CGRP-induced allodynia. The application of interleukin-6 caused acute responses in both sexes but only caused priming to subthreshold dural CGRP in females. Similarly, the application of BDNF caused acute hypersensitivity responses in both sexes but only priming to subthreshold dural CGRP in females. The study also found that females were primed to a subthreshold dose of the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside following dural CGRP. These findings suggest that CGRP-induced headache-like behavioral responses are female-specific and that dural CGRP signaling plays a role in the pathophysiology of migraine.


UniProtKB:A0A9L0SH84


PR:000001393


PR:000011470


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360545

primed to in females after CGRP application


CHEBI:9161

The study found that four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three genes, which are involved in neuronal signaling, are associated with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) in West Virginia. These SNPs were present at statistically significant frequencies in patients with OUD compared to a demographically-matched general population. These findings suggest that these SNPs could potentially be used to predict susceptibility to OUD.


NCBIGene:878723


CHEBI:9161


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:1983

The study investigated the feasibility of an opioid-sparing pain management strategy after surgical procedures. Patients were advised to use acetaminophen and ibuprofen, with a small "rescue" opioid prescription for breakthrough pain. The results showed that 52% of patients used no opioids after procedures, and 91% agreed that their pain was manageable. Patients who used opioids were younger, reported higher pain scores, received larger rescue prescriptions, and were less likely to agree that their pain was manageable. The study concluded that an opioid-sparing pathway is effective and acceptable for major reduction and even elimination of opioids after minor surgical procedures.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3672


CHEBI:35482


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:1983


NCBIGene:126553023

The study describes West Virginia's approach to expanding the use of buprenorphine, a medication used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). The state used a modified hub-and-spoke model to increase the capacity of facilities to use buprenorphine and provide ongoing case consultation. Preliminary results show that 14 health care facilities have started using buprenorphine, 56 health professionals were trained, and 196 patients with OUD have been treated. Differences were observed in self-reported alcohol and drug use among patients treated at different hubs.


EFO:0009724


EFO:0007010


CHEBI:35482

The study examined the patterns of prescription opioid use before total joint replacement (TJR) in Medicare enrollees aged 65 years and above. It was found that 60.2% of patients had used opioids, with 12.4% using them continuously over a 12-month period before surgery. Factors associated with continuous opioid use included African American race, history of drug abuse, and back pain. The study suggests further research is needed to determine the risks of preoperative opioid use in TJR patients and to optimize pain management.


MESH:D001169


CHEBI:35482

The paper discusses the impact of opioids on the fetal brain, which has been overlooked in the debate between medication-assisted treatment and medically supervised withdrawal for pregnant women with opioid use disorder. Studies have shown that opioids negatively affect the human brain, particularly the developing oligodendrocyte and processes of myelinization, brain connectivity, and the size of multiple brain regions. The long-term effects of these changes in the fetal brain are unclear, but potential lasting injury has been suggested. The authors propose a new paradigm of care that includes both medication-assisted treatment and medically supervised opioid withdrawal, along with mental health and social services support.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study analyzed Medicare Part D claims of patients over 65 years old who underwent surgery between 2009 and 2015. It was found that 9.8% of these patients, who had not filled an opioid prescription before their surgery, developed new persistent opioid use postoperatively. Risk factors for this included major surgery, comorbid conditions, mood disorders, suicide or self-harm, substance abuse disorders, preoperative opioid prescription fill, higher amounts of opioids filled, black race, and Medicaid eligibility.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

The study compared the effects of naltrexone (NTX) and buprenorphine (BUP) on pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD) and their infants. The results showed that none of the women on NTX had documented opioid misuse compared to 23% of the women on BUP. Furthermore, no infants in the NTX group had a neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) diagnosis compared to 92% in the BUP group. NTX-exposed infants also had a shorter hospital stay. The study concluded that maintaining women on NTX during pregnancy was associated with favorable outcomes.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that preoperative opioid use in patients 65 years and older undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) was associated with worse clinical and safety outcomes post-TKR. Continuous opioid users had a higher risk of revision operations, vertebral fractures, and opioid overdose at 30 days post-TKR compared to opioid-naive patients. However, there were no significant differences in in-hospital or 30-day mortality between the two groups.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study aimed to identify patient characteristics linked to postoperative outpatient opioid use and the frequency of opioid overprescribing. The study included opioid-naïve patients undergoing major surgeries such as hysterectomy, thoracic surgery, and total knee and hip arthroplasty. The study found that younger age, non-white race, lack of a college degree, higher anxiety, greater sleep disturbance, heavy alcohol use, current tobacco use, and larger initial opioid prescription size were significantly associated with increased opioid consumption. The study suggests that future research should focus on the use of non-opioid medications and behavioral therapies for these higher-risk patients.


MESH:D027744

less likely to fill prescription postoperatively

The study investigates racial disparities in the filling of opioid prescriptions by pediatric surgical patients after cholecystectomy. It was found that black children were significantly less likely than white children to fill an opioid prescription postoperatively. This association was partly explained by a longer average length of stay among black children. The study suggests that further research is needed to identify whether this disparity is due to a lower rate of opioid prescribing or a lower rate of prescription filling.


NCBIGene:100499163

more likely to fill prescription postoperatively


MESH:D027744

undergo and have longer average length of stay


EFO:0010702

The study investigates the relationship between brain region interactions and opioid use disorder (OUD). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 27 participants with OUD (some of whom also had cocaine use disorder), the researchers analyzed effective connectivity during an opioid-word Stroop task. They found that the effective connectivity from the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to the right hippocampus showed the most significant change, which was positively correlated with attentional bias towards opioid-related cues. This finding was consistent across both OUD and cocaine use disorder.


EFO:0010702


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study reviews the development and implementation of evidence-based guidelines for postoperative opioid prescribing, a significant contributor to the current opioid epidemic. The research involved a review of thirty studies and institutional experiences, focusing on patient-reported outcomes, key stakeholders, and continual assessment. The implementation of these guidelines, based on a learning health system model, resulted in a 37% to 63% reduction in opioid prescribing without increasing requests for refills or patient-reported pain scores, indicating that it can be effectively used in diverse practice environments without adversely affecting patient outcomes.


NCIT:C9271


GO:0001515

Chronic Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) pain

The paper investigates the relationship between µ-Opioid activity and chronic Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) pain, and how this relationship is influenced by Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism. The main finding is that there is an association between µ-Opioid activity in chronic TMD pain and COMT polymorphism.


GO:0001515


MONDO:0024317

Chronic Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) pain


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study evaluated the effects of shared decision making using a decision aid for opioid prescribing after hysterectomy. The decision aid was used to educate patients about postoperative pain management and the number of opioid tablets recommended per prescription. The results showed that patients who participated in the decision aid were discharged with significantly fewer oral morphine equivalents than patients who underwent hysterectomy before the implementation of the decision aid. There was no significant change in the number of requested refills. The decision aid resulted in a significant decrease in opioid prescribing without compromising patient satisfaction or postoperative pain management.


RXCUI:106841


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:101599692

The paper discusses the use of positron emission tomography (PET) in studying the function of the human brain, particularly in relation to pain and migraine. The study highlights the role of PET in understanding the brain's response to different stimuli such as pain, reward, and the administration of active or placebo interventions. The paper also emphasizes the importance of PET in exploring the dynamic interaction between behavior and genetic factors and between different pain modulatory systems. The study confirms the involvement of brain structures in pain processing and modulation and helps elucidate the neural mechanisms that underlie healthy and pathological pain regulation.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:101599692


HP:0012657


GO:0007610


PR:000001612

The study investigates the ethnic differences in pain perception, focusing on the role of µ-opioid receptor (MOR) function. The research involved 27 non-Hispanic black (NHB) and 27 non-Hispanic white participants, who underwent PET imaging and pain rating collection. The results showed significantly greater [C]-Carfentanil BPND (a measure of MOR density) among NHB participants in several brain regions. However, there were no significant main effects of condition or ethnicity × condition interaction effects across models. The study suggests that NHB individuals might have generally greater unoccupied MOR density than non-Hispanic white peers, which could be a physiological difference underlying ethnicity-related pain disparities.


PR:000001612


MESH:D027744


HP:0031289


UBERON:0001017

The paper discusses new findings in the pathophysiology of migraines, a common and disabling disorder. The study highlights the role of the central and peripheral nervous systems in migraine attacks. It also discusses the role of the vasculature, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and mechanisms within the cortex and meninges in contributing to attacks. The paper also discusses new therapeutic targets, including acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and the delta-opioid receptor (DOR), which show promise in preclinical studies.


UBERON:0000010


UBERON:0002049


PR:000004969


UBERON:0001851


MONDO:0003223


PR:000003614


PR:000001579


HP:0033399

The study examined the impact of persistent opioid use after surgery on health care costs and utilization. It was found that patients who developed persistent opioid use after surgery had higher health care spending compared to those who did not. This increase in spending was due to greater readmissions and ambulatory care visits. The study suggests that early identification of patients vulnerable to persistent opioid use may enhance the value of surgical care.


HP:0033399


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study examined the impact of opioid prescribing duration limits on postoperative opioid prescribing in Massachusetts and Connecticut. The results showed that the implementation of these limits in Massachusetts was associated with a decrease in prescription size, days supplied, and the proportion of prescriptions exceeding a 7-day supply. However, the same was not observed in Connecticut. The study suggests that efforts to reduce opioid prescribing should include surgeon education and evidence-based prescribing recommendations.


RXCUI:106841

used for measurement of opioid prescription size


RXCUI:1151550


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study examined opioid use in patients before and after liver transplantation. It was found that 45% of patients filled at least one opioid prescription in the year before transplant, and 61% filled an opioid prescription 0-2 months after discharge. Among patients who were opioid-naive before the transplant, 4% developed chronic use post-transplant. Pretransplant opioid use and hepatobiliary malignancy were identified as factors associated with the risk of persistent or increased post-transplant opioid use.


EFO:0009937

Persistent or increased post-transplant opioid use


MONDO:0017330


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study describes a novel group-based buprenorphine treatment model called the Comprehensive Opioid Addiction Treatment (COAT) program, developed in West Virginia, the epicenter of the opioid epidemic. Data from 454 patients actively enrolled in the COAT program were analyzed to determine long-term retention in treatment. The results showed that 37.8% of patients were retained less than one year and 14.7% were retained 10 or more years. It was found that initiating treatment at a younger age was associated with long-term retention. The COAT model has been successful in retaining patients long-term in a rural setting where barriers to treatment are many.


EFO:0004324

The study aimed to validate the pain measurements of a neuroscience-based 3D body pain mobile app called GeoPain in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The results showed that GeoPain measures had a high internal consistency and were strongly associated with TMD pain. The GeoPain measures also demonstrated an association between chronicity and TMD pain in locations spread away from the most commonly reported area or pain epicenter. The long-term reliability was consistently high for the pain area and intensity number summation (PAINS) with lag autocorrelations averaging between 0.7 and 0.8. The combination of higher reliability for PAINS and its objectivity, displayed by the lack of association with PANAS as compared with VAS, indicated that PAINS has better sensitivity and reliability for measuring treatment effect over time for sensory-discriminative pain.


NCIT:C178565

has better sensitivity and reliability for measuring


NCIT:C178565


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:1548943

The study investigated ethnic differences in pain responses to capsaicin, a common experimental pain stimulus, among non-Hispanic black (NHB) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) adults. The researchers used infrared thermography to measure capsaicin-induced neurogenic flare and secondary hyperalgesia. The results showed that while experimenters rated a significantly wider area of capsaicin-related neurogenic flare among NHW compared to NHB participants, thermography results showed no differences between the groups. Furthermore, NHB individuals reported greater average pain during the capsaicin procedures compared to NHW individuals, but the groups did not differ in secondary hyperalgesia. The study concluded that infrared thermography could be used over subjective experimenter report when measuring neurogenic inflammation in diverse samples, but it should not be used as a diagnostic tool for pain.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:1548943


UniProtKB:G1FNL7


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:446220

The study investigates the effects of pimavanserin and lorcaserin, two FDA-approved drugs, on cocaine intake and cocaine-seeking behavior in male rats. The results show that acute administration of lorcaserin reduced cocaine intake, but pimavanserin did not have this effect. However, repeated administration of both drugs during forced abstinence from cocaine self-administration reduced cocaine-seeking behavior. This suggests that repeated treatment with pimavanserin and lorcaserin could potentially help to manage relapse-like behaviors in cocaine use disorder (CUD).


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10071196


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:11658860


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that preoperative opioid use is associated with higher rates of readmissions following surgery. This includes opioid-related, pain-related, and respiratory-related readmissions. The risk of readmission increases with the level of preoperative opioid exposure. The study suggests the importance of screening patients for preoperative opioid use and developing risk mitigation strategies.


MONDO:0024317

The study examined the effects of patient race and socioeconomic status (SES) on providers' decisions regarding chronic pain care. It was found that Black and low SES patients received less adequate pain care compared to White and high SES patients. The study also found that providers' implicit and explicit attitudes about race and SES influenced their decisions to some extent. For instance, Black and low SES patients were more likely to be recommended opioids and opioid contracts.


NCIT:C115206

The study is a randomized trial that aims to evaluate the mechanisms of three chronic pain treatments: cognitive therapy (CT), mindfulness meditation (MM), and activation skills (AS). The study will involve 300 individuals with chronic pain, primarily or secondarily associated with low back pain. The treatments' effectiveness will be assessed through changes in cognitive content, cognitive process, and activity level. The primary outcome will be measured by the PROMIS 5-item Pain Interference scale. The study will also examine relapse mechanisms post-treatment.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:45073441


EFO:0020909


MONDO:0024317


UniProtKB:Q5U791

The study investigates the cellular basis of pain evoked by Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). The researchers developed a PAR2-conditional knockout mouse and deleted PAR2 in all sensory neurons. The results showed that PAR2 agonist-evoked mechanical hyperalgesia and facial grimacing, but not thermal hyperalgesia, are dependent on PAR2 expression in sensory neurons that project to the hind paw in both male and female mice. F2rl1 mRNA is expressed in a small population of sensory neurons that coexpress the Nppb and IL31ra genes. This cell population has been implicated in itch, but the study shows that PAR2 activation in these cells causes clear pain-related behaviors from the skin.


UniProtKB:Q5U791


NCBIGene:2150


NCBIGene:4879


NCBIGene:133396


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found a strong association between high-risk prescribing practices by surgeons and the development of persistent opioid use in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA). High-risk prescribing included high daily doses, overlapping benzodiazepine prescriptions, concurrent opioid prescriptions, prescriptions from multiple providers, or long-acting opioid prescriptions. Patients treated by surgeons with the highest rates of high-risk prescribing were more likely to develop persistent opioid use compared to those treated by surgeons with the lowest rates. The study suggests that reducing prescribing and encouraging opioid alternatives could minimize postoperative persistent opioid use.


CHEBI:22720


UNII:2DV0RK10M8


CHEBI:30879

The study quantifies the influence of alcohol, polysubstance use, and other factors on opioid concentrations in drug-related deaths in West Virginia, United States. The study found that alcohol concentrations of 0.08% or above were associated with significant reductions in blood concentrations of fentanyl, hydrocodone, and methadone. Lower predicted concentrations of all opioids studied were associated with multiple opioid vs. single opioid presence. Benzodiazepine presence was associated with small, non-statistically significant changes in opioid concentrations, while stimulant presence was associated with statistically significant reductions in hydrocodone and oxycodone concentrations. Co-ingestion of alcohol, multiple opioids or stimulants were associated with significantly decreased predicted concentrations of commonly identified opioids in drug deaths.


CHEBI:30879


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:24827562


CHEBI:36063


CHEBI:30879

reduces concentration of when co-ingested


UNII:2DV0RK10M8

The study evaluated the impact of surgeon experience on opioid prescribing after surgery. It was found that the amount of opioids prescribed was highest for patients whose surgeons were early in their practice (0-7 years). Other factors such as surgeon credentials, type of surgery, and geographic region also influenced the size of opioid prescriptions postoperatively.


NCIT:C142686


NCIT:C60986

The study aimed to determine if patients consume less opioid after minimally invasive colectomy compared to open colectomy. The study found no significant difference in opioid consumption between patients undergoing minimally invasive or open colectomy. Factors such as the size of the postoperative prescription, patient age, and diagnosis were found to be more important in determining opioid use.


NCIT:C154893


HP:0011420


EFO:0004918


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that patients with chronic opioid use who had a consistent usual prescriber (UP) prior to surgery and returned to that UP within 30 days post-surgery were less likely to experience high-risk opioid prescribing events. High-risk prescribing events include multiple prescribers, overlapping opioid and/or benzodiazepine prescriptions, new long-acting opioid prescriptions, or new dose escalations to over 100mg OME. Patients without a UP prior to surgery were more likely to be exposed to high-risk opioid prescribing.


MONDO:0800111


NCIT:C122458


MONDO:0011382

The study investigated the effect of inhaled cannabis on chronic pain in adults with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). The randomized clinical trial involved participants inhaling vaporized cannabis (4.4% Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol to 4.9% cannabidiol) or a placebo three times daily for five days. The results showed that, compared to the placebo, vaporized cannabis did not significantly reduce pain and associated symptoms, except for interference in mood, in patients with SCD with chronic pain.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:2977


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644019


EFO:0010702

The study found that patients in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) in rural Appalachian areas have high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), with females reporting significantly more experiences than males. Specifically, female patients were more likely to have experienced sexual abuse and forced sex before age 18. These high rates of childhood adversities, particularly among females, may partially explain despair in rural Appalachian areas. The study suggests that OUD treatment programs should conduct clinical assessments of trauma and integrate trauma-informed care into drug treatment, especially for female patients residing in rural Appalachia.


MONDO:0021124


EFO:0010702


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study aimed to evaluate racial disparities in pediatric postoperative opioid prescription filling. The study included black or white pediatric Medicaid patients who underwent tonsillectomy, supracondylar humeral fracture fixation, or appendectomy. The study found that the proportion of black appendectomy patients with a postoperative opioid prescription was significantly lower compared to white patients. However, this difference was no longer significant after adjusting for other patient and provider characteristics. The study concluded that there were no racial disparities in opioid prescription filling in adjusted analyses.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study discusses the implementation of a state-wide naloxone distribution program in West Virginia, aimed at reducing opioid-related deaths. The program distributed 8250 rescue kits and was conducted by government, community, and university partners. The study identified facilitators and barriers to the program's implementation, with the main facilitators being collaborative partnerships, ease of participation, established prevention efforts, demand for naloxone, and the need for personal protection from overdose. The main barriers included bureaucracy, stigma, logistical issues, problems with reporting, lack of communication post-distribution, and sustainability. The study concluded that the impact of facilitators outweighed that of barriers.


CHEBI:35482

The study evaluated the impact of opioid prescribing guidelines on postoperative opioid prescribing, consumption, and patient satisfaction/pain in a regional health system. The data was collected from February 2017 to May 2019, from a 70-hospital surgical collaborative. The results showed that the implementation of procedure-specific prescribing guidelines reduced statewide postoperative opioid prescribing by 50% while maintaining satisfactory pain care.


CHEBI:35482


CHEBI:35482

This pilot study investigated the impact of prenatal opioid exposure on the developing brain networks of infants. The study used resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to evaluate alterations in amygdalar functional connectivity in 10 infants with prenatal opioid exposure and 12 infants without prenatal drug exposure. The results showed significant differences in the connectivity of the amygdala seed regions to several cortical regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex, in infants who had prenatal opioid exposure compared to opioid naïve infants. This suggests that maternal opioid exposure may have a potential role in altering infants' amygdala function.


MONDO:0850461


HP:0033666

Physical activity and health maintenance activities (PAHM)

The study aimed to identify community resources for the treatment of back pain, focusing on physical activity and health maintenance activities (PAHM). The study utilized members of the West Virginia Physical Activity Network (WVPAN) to gather information about local resources and perceptions of various treatment modalities. The results showed strong support for physical therapy, flexibility training, yoga, and core strengthening as treatments for back pain. The study suggests that implementing PAHM interventions in communities could help treat back pain and reduce reliance on pharmacological treatments.


MESH:D000085703


HP:0005991


NCBIGene:940019


NCBIGene:1254201


MESH:D054316


MONDO:0850461

Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) is a risk factor for long-term cognitive and behavioral issues in offspring, potentially due to opioid-induced changes in the fetal and early postnatal brain. Other factors such as maternal, social, and environmental aspects also contribute. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown brain alterations in children with POE. The use of early neuroimaging and new methodologies could help understand the mechanisms of opioid-induced changes in the developing brain. Animal models and imaging in older children and youth provide evidence for future research areas in infants with POE.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that 1.5% of patients developed new persistent opioid use after undergoing inguinal hernia repair. The most significant risk factor for this was filling an opioid prescription in the 30 days before surgery. Other risk factors included receiving a larger opioid prescription, having more comorbidities, having a major postoperative complication, and certain mental health disorders and pain disorders.


MESH:D053610

The study investigates the relationship between neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and health insurance status in a rural population in West Virginia, USA. NAS is defined as neonatal withdrawal from substances, including opiates. The study found that Medicaid covered more than half of all infants' births in the state, and the incidence of NAS was significantly higher in the Medicaid-insured group compared to the privately insured group. The study highlights the disparity in NAS by health insurance status and its burden on the state's Medicaid program.


FB:FBgn0003000

The study found that the quantity of opioids prescribed to patients undergoing common surgical oncology procedures was significantly larger than the amount consumed. This was observed in procedures such as breast biopsy, lumpectomy, and mastectomy or wide local excision. The majority of patients received education on taking opioids, but only a small percentage received instructions on proper disposal. As a result, a large percentage of prescriptions resulted in unused opioids, with only a small fraction of these patients safely disposing of them. This indicates a potential for reducing opioid prescriptions.


UBERON:0015480


MONDO:0100096

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health issues and risky substance use, particularly among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) in under-resourced and rural areas. Despite policy changes to ease treatment requirements, there may be unintended mental health consequences for this population. The paper proposes strategies to improve outcomes for those seeking treatment for SUDs in these areas.


MONDO:0100096


EFO:0004609


EFO:0005201

The study aimed to predict the response of patients with low back pain to spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) using a restricted, non-pragmatic methodology, established variables of responder status, and newly developed physical measures. The study found that response to treatment was predicted by a model containing eight variables: height, gender, neck or upper back pain, pain frequency in the past 6 months, the STarT Back Tool, patients' expectations about medication and strengthening exercises, and extension status. The model had a sensitivity of 72.2%, specificity of 84.2%, a positive likelihood ratio of 4.6, a negative likelihood ratio of 0.3, and area under ROC curve, 0.79.


EFO:0020103


HP:0046506


NCIT:C78228


NCIT:C35290


GO:0042062

patients' expectations about medication and strengthening exercises


UBERON:2000106


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of fentanyl (a synthetic opioid) in specimens submitted for definitive opioid testing in West Virginia, an area with high fentanyl-related deaths. The study found that fentanyl positivity was 11% in the first quarter of 2020, with over 60% of these findings being unexpected. The data prompted the addition of fentanyl to routine drug screen panels in the laboratory and a 10% random fentanyl screening rate in the Behavioral Medicine opioid use disorder clinics.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study evaluated opioid prescribing trends and persistent use after ambulatory anorectal surgeries. The data was collected from the Optum Clinformatics claims database for opioid-naïve adults who underwent outpatient hemorrhoid, fissure, or fistula procedures from 2010 to 2017. The study found that the annual rate of perioperative opioid fills decreased from 72% in 2010 to 66% in 2017. However, 2.1% of patients developed new persistent opioid use. Factors associated with new persistent opioid use included additional perioperative opioid fills, increased comorbidity, tobacco use, and pain disorders. There was no significant association with the procedure performed.


CHEBI:35482


NCIT:C176399


MONDO:0008575


MONDO:0017322


MONDO:0008450

The study aimed to optimize spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) protocols for treating low back pain (LBP). The researchers enrolled 241 participants with LBP and provided them with two SMT treatment sessions in the first week. The participants were then randomly assigned additional treatment based on a fully factorial design. The three randomized treatment components provided in twice-weekly sessions over three weeks were multifidus activating exercise, spinal mobilizing exercise, and additional SMT dose. The primary outcomes included clinical and mechanistic measures assessed at baseline, 1, 4, and 12 weeks. The results showed significant differences for the Oswestry index after 12 weeks for participants receiving multifidus activating exercise. However, there were no additional significant main or interaction effects for other treatment components or different outcome measures. The optimized SMT protocol identified in this study included SMT sessions followed by multifidus activating exercises.


NCBITaxon:171895


MONDO:0008450


OMIM:604474

The AIM-Back trial is a large-scale clinical research study that aims to determine the most effective nonpharmacologic treatment for low back pain (LBP). The trial will compare two different care pathways: an integrated sequenced-care pathway and a coordinated pain navigator pathway. The primary outcomes are pain interference and physical function, measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form (PROMIS-SF). The trial will also investigate treatment heterogeneity to identify which veterans respond best to a given pathway and compare health care utilization patterns, including opioid use, between care pathways.


HP:0030157


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


MONDO:0001406

Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS)

The study investigates the effectiveness of percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) as a nonpharmacologic alternative for the treatment of postoperative pain. The researchers hypothesize that PNS will reduce surgical pain and opioid consumption during the initial 7 days after surgery compared to usual analgesia. The study is a multicenter pragmatic effectiveness trial where participants undergoing painful orthopedic surgical procedures are randomized to receive either electrical stimulation or sham. The results of this study could potentially revolutionize postoperative analgesia, providing potent analgesia with fewer risks and no systemic side effects or potential for abuse, addiction, and overdose, unlike opioids.


MONDO:0001406


HP:0002136

The study aims to test two mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for improving chronic pain and mental health comorbidities in veterans. The two approaches, Mobile+Group LAMP and Mobile LAMP, are designed to overcome implementation barriers. The study will be a four-site, three-arm pragmatic randomized controlled trial. The primary hypothesis is that both MBIs will be more effective than usual care at improving chronic pain, and that Mobile+Group LAMP will be more effective than Mobile LAMP. Secondary outcomes include improvements in post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. The study will also examine gender-specific outcomes.


HP:0002136


MESH:C120683


NCIT:C168230

The study is a randomized clinical trial testing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Pain Management (SBIRT-PM) for Veterans seeking compensation for musculoskeletal disorders. The primary outcomes are pain severity and number of substances misused. The study suggests that SBIRT-PM could help Veterans use multimodal pain treatments and reduce existing substance misuse.


NCIT:C168230


RXCUI:1307051


MONDO:0024317

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of different dosing regimens of chiropractic care in managing chronic low back pain in veterans. The trial will involve 766 veterans who will be randomly allocated to receive either low-dose or higher-dose chiropractic care for 10 weeks. After this phase, participants will either receive monthly chiropractic chronic pain management for 10 months or no scheduled chiropractic visits. The primary outcome will be measured using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire at week 10 and week 52.


NCBIGene:100144573


NCBITaxon:1963252


MONDO:0024317

The study is a pragmatic superiority trial that aims to determine if a remotely delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) outperforms in-person and other synchronous forms of CBT-CP for veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The trial compares an asynchronous form of CBT-CP that uses interactive voice response (IVR) with synchronous CBT-CP delivered by a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) clinician. The primary outcome is pain interference after treatment. Secondary outcomes include pain intensity, depression symptom severity, sleep, self-efficacy, and global impression of change. The study also discusses the implications of COVID-19 on treatment provision and trial outcomes.


MONDO:0024317


MONDO:0100096

can affect treatment provision and trial outcomes


MESH:D000085703

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an active physical therapy (PT) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) implementation strategy in reducing pain, disability, medication use, and cost of low back pain (LBP) care within the US Departments of Defense (DOD) and Veterans Affairs (VA) health care systems. The Resolving the Burden of Low Back Pain in Military Service Members and Veterans (RESOLVE) trial will involve 3,300 to 7,260 patients with LBP across three DOD and two VA medical facilities. The trial will use an education, audit, and feedback model to encourage physical therapists to better adhere to the PT CPG recommendations. The Oswestry Disability Index and the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale will be used as primary outcomes.


NCIT:C82562


EFO:0022381


NCIT:C56035


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284569

The study retrospectively analyzed universal umbilical cord tissue drug analysis (UCTDA) data to report the incidence of in utero drug exposure in West Virginia. The study found that the overall positivity for drugs in UCTDA specimens decreased from 25% to 20% between two epochs. However, there was an increase in positivity for hydrocodone, oxycodone, amphetamines, and cocaine, while fentanyl and morphine positivity decreased. Buprenorphine detection increased. Most positive specimens had one drug present, but some had 2 to 6 discrete drugs.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284603


CHEBI:35338


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:446220


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


EFO:0010702

The study found a high prevalence of co-occurring substance use in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) in West Virginia. The most common co-occurring substances were benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamine. Individuals with co-occurring substance use were younger and had a higher prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) compared to those who used opioids alone. The study also found an increase in the rate of co-occurring amphetamine and opioid use over a 10-year period.


EFO:0010702


MONDO:0021698

The study aimed to identify the organizational capacity and readiness to provide medication for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) in outpatient public mental health clinics. The study was conducted in eight publicly funded outpatient mental health clinics operated by the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health. The findings revealed significant organizational capacity and behavioral readiness constraints to providing medication treatment for AUD. The constraints included large caseloads, staffing configurations, time constraints, and a lack of protocols and workflow procedures.


HP:0033667


NCBITaxon:62559

Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health


CHEBI:35482

The study aimed to identify any differences in fetal brain development and structure in fetuses exposed to opioids in utero, compared to those not exposed. The study found a significant difference in the anteroposterior diameter of the fetal cerebellar vermis in opioid-exposed fetuses. However, no significant differences were found in other brain dimensions or in brain maturation and structure. The study also found no major brain structural abnormalities in opioid-exposed fetuses.


CHEBI:35482

does not significantly affect maturation or structure of


NCBITaxon:2426

The study found a new fatty acid, turneroic acid, and two previously known oxylipins from the culture broth of the shipworm endosymbiont Teredinibacter turnerae. These compounds were found to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis. The study also highlighted the importance of the epoxide moiety for selective and potent biofilm inhibition.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:123132147


CHEBI:61121


CHEBI:32955


NCBIGene:117583

The study investigates the role of Protease Activated Receptor Type 3 (PAR3) in nociception (pain perception). The researchers found that PAR3 is widely expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and co-expressed with other PARs in various DRG neuron subpopulations. They developed a lipid tethered PAR3 agonist, C660, that selectively activates PAR3, inducing mechanical hypersensitivity and facial grimacing in wild type (WT) mice but not in PAR3-/- mice. The study also found a loss of hyperalgesic priming in response to IL-6, carrageenan, and a PAR2 agonist in PAR3-/- mice, suggesting that PAR3 contributes to long-lasting nociceptor plasticity in some contexts. The nociceptive effects of PAR1 agonists were potentiated in the absence of PAR3, suggesting a complex role of PAR3 in the physiology and plasticity of nociceptors.


NCBIGene:117583


MESH:C524961


GO:0005840

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP/Calca)

The study investigates the role of protein synthesis in regions of RNA annotated as noncoding in the context of pain-associated behavior. The researchers found evidence of widespread translation in noncoding transcripts and regulatory regions of mRNAs. They identified an increase in ribosome occupancy in the 5' untranslated regions of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP/Calca). They confirmed the existence of an upstream open reading frame (uORF) and found that a peptide corresponding to the CGRP-encoded uORF resulted in pain-associated behavioral responses in mice and nociceptor sensitization in vitro. This effect was blocked by an inhibitor of heterotrimeric G protein signaling, suggesting that the uORF-encoded peptide promotes pain sensitization through GPCR signaling.


UniProtKB:A0A6B9HDK8


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study developed a model to predict persistent high-dose opioid use in patients who underwent total knee replacement (TKR). The model used 83 preoperative patient characteristics and identified four distinct opioid use patterns. The model showed high discrimination in predicting persistent high-dose opioid use. A reduced model with 10 predictors performed equally well. The study found that 10.6% of older patients became persistent high-dose opioid users after TKR.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


NCIT:C87038


HP:0012532

The paper discusses the formation of the Military Treatment Facility Engagement Committee (MTFEC) to support pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) in the Military Health System. The MTFEC was created to address the high prevalence of chronic pain among military service members and veterans, often related to traumatic experiences such as traumatic brain injury or limb loss. The MTFEC is part of a larger initiative by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Defense (DOD), and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pain Management Collaboratory (PMC) to focus on nonpharmacological approaches for pain management. The MTFEC provides expertise and leadership in executing research studies within the DOD health care system, identifying potential barriers and challenges to study implementation.


MONDO:0858950


UBERON:0002101


NCBIGene:880792

The study examined the impact of the U.S. FDA's 2013 black box warning against codeine on codeine and other opioid prescription filling after pediatric tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy (T/A). The results showed that the FDA warning was associated with a 24.0% drop in codeine prescription filling and a 5.5% increase in alternative opioid prescription filling. There were geographic but no longer racial disparities in codeine prescribing.


MESH:D027744


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284371


EFO:0007924

Pediatric tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy (T/A)


RXCUI:106841

The study investigated the relationship between the size of postoperative opioid prescriptions and patient satisfaction. The study involved opioid-naive adult patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, and minor hernia repair. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction, measured via a 30-day postoperative survey. The size of the opioid prescription at discharge from surgery was the main variable of interest. The study found no significant association between the size of the opioid prescription and patient satisfaction, suggesting that surgeons can provide significantly smaller opioid prescriptions after surgery without negatively affecting patient satisfaction.


NCIT:C54956

The study examined the impact of Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) policy reform on prescribing rates for human and veterinary providers in West Virginia from 2008 to 2020. The data showed that the prescribing rates for opioids increased significantly for veterinarians, while it decreased for human providers, especially after the implementation of the Opioid Reduction Act in 2018.


NCBIGene:445684


NCIT:C54956


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284569

The study tested the hypothesis that patients prescribed hydrocodone consume a similar number of tablets as those prescribed oxycodone after surgery. The results showed that patients prescribed hydrocodone consumed more tablets than those prescribed oxycodone, but this difference was not clinically significant and did not result in differences in satisfaction, pain, or refills. Therefore, perioperative opioid prescribing guidelines may recommend the same number of 5 mg oxycodone and hydrocodone tablets without sacrificing patient-reported outcomes.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284603


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284569


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that new persistent opioid use after major surgery in opioid-naive patients is associated with increased health care utilization and costs in the year after surgery across all surgical settings and payers. Patients with new persistent opioid use had more inpatient admissions, emergency department visits, and ambulance/paramedic service use than patients without persistent use. They also had approximately 5 times more opioid prescriptions and more nonopioid pharmacy claims.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10836

The study investigates the factors contributing to discharge against medical advice (AMA) among patients who inject drugs (PWID) and are hospitalized for serious injection-related bacterial infections, including infective endocarditis (IE). The study found that the main factors contributing to AMA discharge include negative interactions with hospital staff, inadequate management of pain and withdrawal, boredom and confinement during lengthy hospitalizations, and isolation from family and other social supports. The drugs injected prior to hospitalization were methamphetamine, prescription opioids, and/or heroin/fentanyl.


RXCUI:216284


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


EFO:0003843


EFO:0009362


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6321408

The study reports on the use of sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone (bup/nal) in combination with a multimodal approach for managing chronic pain in high-risk patients, such as those with a history of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) or aberrant drug-related behavior. Data from a six-year period at the High-Risk Pain Clinic showed a significant decrease in pain scores over time, while the dose of buprenorphine/naloxone increased. The study suggests that buprenorphine/naloxone is a safe and effective part of comprehensive chronic pain treatment in patients with SUD or at high risk of opioid overuse or misuse.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6321408


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study used preoperative claims data to predict postoperative opioid use in opioid-naïve patients. The study found that non-linear models were slightly better at predicting refills than linear models. Major surgery, opioid prescriptions within 30 days prior to surgery, and abdominal pain were significant predictors of refills. Back/joint/head pain were the most important features in predicting new persistent use.


RXCUI:416783

The paper discusses a randomized trial aimed at reducing opioid prescriptions by dentists and promoting the use of non-opioid analgesics, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, for managing post-extraction pain. The trial involves three groups: clinical decision support (CDS), clinical decision support with patient education (CDS-E), and standard practice. The primary outcome is whether or not the patient received an opioid prescription on the day of the extraction. The study also examines recommendations for non-opioid analgesics, patients' perceptions of shared decision making, and patients' pain experiences post-extraction.


RXCUI:416783


NCIT:C143751

Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PPNS)

The study investigates the use of percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PPNS) as an analgesic technique for postoperative pain. The technique involves the implantation of an electrical lead followed by the delivery of electric current using an external pulse generator. The study found that patients who received active PPNS had significantly lower opioid consumption and reported lower pain intensity compared to those who received sham treatment. The results suggest that PPNS can effectively reduce pain and opioid requirements after orthopedic surgery without systemic side effects.


NCIT:C143751


CHEBI:35482

The study investigates patients' perspectives on postoperative opioid use after minor elective hand surgery. The authors found that patients actively sought out protective mechanisms to decide on opioid use, often avoiding opioids due to the risk of addiction and the associated stigma. The study suggests that understanding patients' decision-making processes is crucial for developing patient-centered strategies to address the opioid epidemic.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that new persistent opioid use was observed in 3.4% of patients who had an initial perioperative opioid fill after ophthalmic surgery, compared to 0.6% in patients who did not have an initial perioperative opioid fill. The odds of new persistent use were significantly higher in patients who had an initial perioperative opioid fill. Additionally, a prescription size of 150 morphine milligram equivalents or more was associated with an increased odds of refill. The study suggests that exposure to opioids is an independent risk factor for persistent use in patients undergoing incisional ophthalmic surgery.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:21124582


MONDO:0002081

The study tested the feasibility and acceptability of a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Pain Management intervention (SBIRT-PM) among Veterans with chronic pain due to musculoskeletal disorders. The intervention involved up to four sessions of telephone-based counseling using a motivational interviewing framework. The study found that the majority of the Veterans screened positive for comorbid depression and problematic substance use. The intervention was well-received with 80% of participants engaging in at least one session and 90% completing the post-assessment. Participants reported satisfaction with learning about new pain care services, obtaining assistance connecting to services, and receiving support from their counselors.


HP:0012532


MESH:C000708971


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:11658860

The study investigated the safety and efficacy of lorcaserin, a serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) agonist, in participants with cocaine use disorder (CocUD). The results showed that lorcaserin was safe when administered with cocaine, with no significant interactions on cardiovascular measures, plasma cocaine levels, or subjective ratings. However, lorcaserin did not effectively reduce the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Interestingly, it was found that lorcaserin significantly decreased ratings of irritability, hunger, and craving, but participants treated with lorcaserin were more likely to choose cocaine over money.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:446220


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:11658860


RXCUI:1740871

The study examined the prevalence of opioid use disorder and willingness to engage in treatment among clients of eight mental health outpatient clinics in Los Angeles County. It was found that 8% had a probable prescription opioid use disorder and 2% a probable heroin use disorder. Among those with probable prescription opioid use disorder, 78% had never received any treatment, and 82% had never taken a medication for this disorder. The strongest predictor of willingness to take a medication was believing that it would help stop opioid use.


MONDO:0001406

Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS or 'neuromodulation')

The study found that percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS or "neuromodulation") effectively reduced pain and opioid consumption in the first two weeks following ambulatory surgery. This was observed for both brachial plexus and sciatic nerve leads. The treatment was found to be free of systemic side-effects.


MONDO:0001406


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper discusses the impact of the opioid crisis on the ongoing suicide crisis among American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. The study uses data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to report trends of opioid overdose and suicide for AIAN and non-AIAN populations. The findings reveal alarming and potentially correlated trends of opioid use and suicidality among AIAN populations. The paper emphasizes the need for research to understand and address the intersection between opioid and suicide risk and protective factors to inform prevention and intervention efforts among AIAN populations.


EFO:0020911

American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities


HP:0031589