RXCUI:1494766

The study used a microsimulation model to examine the impact of expanded access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in prison and jail settings on opioid-related overdose mortality. The model simulated a population of 55,000 persons at risk in Rhode Island. The effects of an extended-release (XR) naltrexone only intervention and the effects of providing access to all three MOUD (methadone, buprenorphine, and XR-naltrexone) at release from incarceration were compared to the standard of care. The model predicted 2385 opioid-related overdose deaths between 2017 and 2024 under the standard of care. An XR-naltrexone intervention averted 103 deaths (4.3% reduction), and access to all three MOUD averted 139 deaths (5.8% reduction). Expanded access to MOUD in prison and jail settings can reduce overdose mortality in a general, at-risk population.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095


RXCUI:1494766


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44564017

The study examined the receipt of medications for opioid use disorder by vulnerable populations within Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities. It was found that vulnerable populations, including women, older, Black, rural, homeless, and justice-involved veterans, had lower odds of receiving medications for opioid use disorder than their nonvulnerable counterparts. Veterans had higher odds of receiving medications at facilities with a higher proportion of patients with opioid use disorder, but lower odds of receiving medications at facilities in the Southern region compared to the Northeast region of the United States.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates opioid initiation and transition to injection drug use in rural northern New England, USA. The research found that factors leading to the initiation of drug injection included normalization of drug use in families and communities, experiencing trauma, and abrupt discontinuation of an opioid prescription. Other factors that led to a transition to injecting included lower cost, increased effect/rush, greater availability of heroin/fentanyl, and faster relief of withdrawal symptoms with injection. The study suggests that inadequate opioid tapering may increase transition to non-prescribed drug use and highlights the importance of enhancing trauma-informed care in rural areas.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345


EFO:0010703


NCIT:C173069


HP:5200016

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The study aims to increase the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among women involved in the justice system, particularly during their transition from jail to the community. The Kentucky Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN) will implement a trial using telehealth and peer navigators to facilitate this. The goal is to reduce opioid relapse and overdose among these high-risk individuals. The project could significantly impact the opioid use disorder treatment field by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of innovative technologies in initiating and maintaining MOUD during community reentry.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:124202822

Medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The paper discusses a study protocol for the development and efficacy-test of a new implementation intervention, Opioid Court REACH, designed to improve the management of individuals with opioid addiction in the court system. The intervention aims to address the flaws of existing drug courts in handling those with opioid addiction via broader inclusion criteria, rapid screening, and linkage to medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD). The study will test the implementation impact of Opioid Court REACH in improving implementation outcomes along the opioid cascade of care and the clinical and cost effectiveness of Opioid Court REACH in improving public health and public safety outcomes.


MONDO:0012292

The study aimed to stop the transmission of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) among networks of persons who inject drugs. The researchers identified HCV RNA-positive specimens from 459 persons in Wisconsin, USA, during 2016-2017. They conducted next-generation sequencing of HCV and analyzed it for phylogenetic linkage. The analysis showed that 126 persons were linked across 42 clusters. The study found that phylogenetic clustering was higher in rural communities and associated with female sex and younger age among rural residents. The data suggests that HCV transmission could be reduced by expanding molecular-based surveillance strategies to rural communities affected by the opioid crisis.


MONDO:0012292


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


RXCUI:1724207

The paper reviews the factors that influence opioid overdose prevention in justice-involved populations. The study identified five categories: acceptability, accessibility, effectiveness, feasibility, and participant overdose risk. It was found that the acceptability of naloxone, a drug used to counteract opioid overdose, is associated with injection drug use, overdose history, and perceived risk. Accessibility of naloxone is influenced by the interface between corrections and community. Evaluations of overdose prevention interventions are few but show increases in knowledge or reductions in opioid overdose. Overdose is highest immediately following release from prison or jail, often preceded by service-system interactions, and associated with drug-use severity, injection use, and mental health disorders.


EFO:0000686


NCIT:C172150


NCIT:C50862


UniProtKB:A0A0F7FQ14


REACT:R-HSA-177243


EFO:0007010


MONDO:0002025


CHEBI:36333

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The study aims to determine if a local change team (LCT) intervention can improve the linkage to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and implementation outcomes. The study also investigates if the outcomes are further enhanced by the use of peer support specialists (PSS). The study will recruit individuals on probation with opioid use disorder (OUD) and will use the exploration, preparation, implementation, sustainability (EPIS) framework to guide system-change. The study will also randomize adults on probation to receive PSS vs. treatment as usual, with assessments at various intervals. The outcomes include participant engagement in MOUD, probation revocation, illicit opioid use, and overdoses.


EFO:0010702


MESH:D023421

The study aims to assess the effectiveness of two coaching strategies, the NIATx model and the ECHO model, in implementing medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in criminal justice settings. The NIATx model provides technical assistance in MOUD implementation and organizational change, while the ECHO model connects clinical providers with expert MOUD prescribers. The study will compare high-dose and low-dose coaching, with and without ECHO, in 48 jails and community-based treatment provider sites handling justice-involved persons with opioid use disorder (OUD).


NCBITaxon:62031


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:21631108


MESH:D064307

Community-based treatment provider sites


RXCUI:1307051

The study aimed to identify strategies to increase the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among veterans involved in the legal system, who have a high risk of overdose mortality. The study involved interviews with 18 veterans with a history of opioid use or opioid use disorder (OUD) and legal involvement. The veterans suggested strategies such as providing transportation or telehealth services, increasing access to MOUD during incarceration, reducing physician turnover, improving physician and veteran education about MOUD, and providing social support opportunities. The study suggests that the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) should consider incorporating these strategies into care and evaluate their impact on patients' experience, initiation of and retention on medications, and overdose rates.


NCIT:C154947


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095

The study investigates the use of medications for opioid use disorders (OUD) in state prisons in the United States, particularly in states heavily impacted by opioid overdose. Interviews were conducted with representatives from 21 of the 23 targeted states, representing 583 prisons. The study found that medications for OUD (MOUD), including buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone, were available in at least one prison in approximately 90% of the state prison systems. However, the provision of these medications was limited and varied across prisons. Buprenorphine and methadone were most frequently provided to pregnant women or individuals already receiving these at admission, whereas naltrexone was primarily used at release. Funding was the most frequently cited barrier for all medications.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515


MESH:D057985

The study investigates the impact of providing medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) to incarcerated individuals on their post-release health services use. The research, conducted in the Rhode Island Department of Corrections, used Medicaid claims data to analyze changes in health care use before and after receiving OUD medications while incarcerated. The findings showed no change in inpatient admissions, a decrease in emergency department visits, and an increase in nonacute outpatient services and pharmacy claims. There was no increase in total health care costs paid by Medicaid after the initiation of OUD medications in correctional settings.


MESH:D057985


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6540411

The study investigates the treatment preferences for opioid use disorder among incarcerated individuals. It was found that these individuals have preferences for certain types of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD), with their choices influenced by factors such as medication side effects, administration route, community delivery, and stigma. The study suggests that MOUD programs in community and correctional settings should adopt a patient-centered approach, offering all FDA-approved MOUD treatment options.


MESH:D014614

The study compared opioid overdose death (OOD) rates among formerly incarcerated persons (FIPs) and the general population in North Carolina from 2000 to 2018. The results showed that while OOD rates in the general population decreased by 10.1% from 2017 to 2018, they increased by 32% among FIPs. The highest substance-specific OOD rate among FIPs was due to synthetic narcotics, primarily fentanyl and its analogs. The OOD risk for FIPs from synthetic narcotics was significantly higher than that for the general population.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:54679209


MONDO:0002494

The study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - Substance Abuse (AAQ-SA), a measure of psychological flexibility, among adults with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) in Puerto Rico. The two-factor structure of the AAQ-SA was found to be a better fit for the data from the sample. The study suggests that the AAQ-SA is a promising measure of psychological flexibility for the target populations.


MONDO:0012048


HP:0020173


NCBITaxon:117547


EFO:0009924

The study investigates the prevalence and correlates of witnessing and responding to drug overdoses among people who use drugs (PWUDs) in rural Northern New England. The study found that 84% of PWUDs had witnessed an overdose, which was associated with probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Despite Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs), some PWUDs faced legal consequences after calling 911 for an overdose. Access to naloxone, a drug used to reverse the effects of an overdose, varied, but 43% of PWUDs had used it to reverse an overdose. The study suggests that providing PWUDs with effective overdose response tools and protective policies could reduce overdose mortality.


NCIT:C50862


MONDO:0017936


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


EFO:0010702

The study explores the experiences of people with opioid use disorder (OUD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted through qualitative interviews with 25 individuals in Chicago, most of whom had received methadone treatment during the pandemic. The findings reveal that despite limited knowledge of COVID-19, individuals are keeping safe, the pandemic has increased treatment motivation for some, and the availability of social support has been reduced. The study also highlights the difficulties individuals had in maintaining or obtaining financial support. The results can be used to inform future public health responses, particularly in ensuring that people with OUD receive appropriate health crisis-related information and that funds are properly allocated to address the mental health impacts of social isolation.


NCIT:C13364

The study discusses the implementation of medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) in seven Massachusetts' jails following a state legislative mandate. The mandate required access to all FDA-approved MOUD and connection with treatment upon release. The study found that the legislative mandate drove acceptance of MOUD and assisted with continuity of care. However, challenges were presented with treatment initiation for pre-sentenced individuals. The implementation of MOUD in jails required collaboration with external agencies and flexibility from institutional systems.


MONDO:0024303

required collaboration for implementation


MONDO:0100096

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs)

The study examined the association of community vulnerability to disasters and pandemics with geographic access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs). The study found that communities with greater vulnerability did not have greater geographic access to MOUDs. The mismatch between vulnerability and medication access was greatest in suburban communities, while rural communities had poor geographic access regardless of vulnerability status. The study suggests that future disaster preparedness planning should match the location of services to communities with greater vulnerability to prevent inequities in overdose deaths.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6540411

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs)


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095


MONDO:0007160

The study analyzed online personal advertisements (ads) to understand their potential role in sexual health and risk behaviors. Data was collected from ClassifiedAds.com in the US from August 2019 to February 2020. The study found that most ads were posted by men (72.4%) and were from the southern US (34.7%) and urban areas (89.6%). Few ads contained images (21.9%) or words associated with substance use (1%), while 26% mentioned substance use or STI/HIV concern. The study concluded that personal ads provide insight into Internet-mediated sex encounters and sexual health risks among those who seek sex online.


NCBIGene:172140


EFO:0009924

The study found that women who use drugs (WWUD) in rural communities have low rates of contraceptive use and high rates of unintended pregnancy. The study also found that WWUD who had received substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in the past 30 days had increased odds of contraceptive use. There was also a positive association between contraceptive use and recent medications for opioid use disorder and prior 6-month primary care utilization, although these did not meet the threshold for statistical significance.


EFO:0009924


MONDO:0002494


EFO:0010702

medication positively associated with use


NCBIGene:100144573

utilization positively associated with use


NCIT:C50600

The study developed the Justice-Community Circulation Model (JCCM) to investigate the dynamics of opioid use disorder (OUD) in individuals involved in the criminal justice system after their release from jail. The model uses data from multiple Chicago-area studies and is calibrated using a high-performance computing workflow. The calibrated model was used to investigate the effects of a naloxone intervention for a mass jail release. The results showed that a targeted intervention focusing on recently released jail inmates can help reduce the risk of death from opioid overdose.


MONDO:0100096

The study investigates the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with substance use disorders (SUD), particularly opioid use disorder (OUD), who are involved in the criminal justice system. The research was conducted in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky, and data was collected from justice system personnel and community-level SUD/OUD providers. The findings indicate that despite rapid adaptations made by systems during the pandemic, more work is needed to better support individuals with OUD who are involved in the justice system. The study also highlights the use of telehealth and telejustice during the pandemic.


RXCUI:1542997

The study investigates the use of extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP), a medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), in correctional settings. The study included 54 individuals who received XR-BUP while incarcerated. The results showed no evidence of tampering with the injection site, indicating no attempts to remove, hoard, or divert the medication. 61% of the participants reported at least one adverse effect after injections, with an average of 2.8 side effects. 61% of those released on XR-BUP continued MOUD after release, with 30% continuing with XR-BUP. The study concludes that XR-BUP is feasible and acceptable in correctional settings and addresses administrative concerns of diversion.


RXCUI:1542997


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6540411

The study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to continuity of Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment post-release from jail. Interviews were conducted with 36 staff members from MOUD programs that serve jail-referred patients. Findings highlighted the need for adjustments among jail staff to approve MOUD treatment, especially with agonist medications. Inter-agency communication and coordination were found to be crucial for seamless treatment continuity post-release. Pre-release planning, medication provision to cover gaps between jail release and intake at community MOUD sites, and exchange of treatment information across agencies were viewed as paramount to success. Barriers to treatment continuity included unexpected early releases, releases from court, and social determinants of health such as shelter, food security, employment, transportation, and insurance reactivation.


MONDO:0002491

The study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale (SASSS) among Latinos with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). The study found that the SASSS showed significant correlations with HIV felt stigma, internalized shame, stigma-related interpersonal rejection due to substance abuse, symptoms of depression, substance use within the last 30 days, psychological flexibility, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. The SASSS showed a strong factor structure and adequate reliability estimates, supporting its applicability to Latinos with SUDs from community and criminal justice settings.


MONDO:0002491


CL:0000000

The study evaluated the impact of technology access on substance use disorder (SUD) treatment among drug users in rural areas of the United States. The study found that having both a cell phone and internet access was associated with increased days of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) use and a higher likelihood of SUD counseling in the prior 30 days. Conversely, lack of a cell phone was associated with decreased days of MOUD and a lower likelihood of prior 30-day SUD counseling. The study suggests that expanding rural SUD treatment engagement via telemedicine may require increased cell phone and mobile network access.


EFO:0803368


CL:0000000


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study explores the reasons for non-adherence to buprenorphine, a medication used to reduce opioid craving and illicit opioid use, and the acceptability of using video directly observed therapy (VDOT) to enhance adherence. The reasons for non-adherence include social and structural factors, the desire to use illicit drugs, and forgetfulness. While VDOT was seen as potentially improving patient accountability and trust from providers, there were concerns about it placing an undue burden on patients and eroding patient-provider trust.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


HP:5200336


NCBIGene:172140

The study investigates the influence of participant characteristics and reported substance use on the efficacy of a video-based intervention aimed at increasing HIV testing among emergency department patients who initially declined tests. The results showed that demographic concordance did not significantly increase the likelihood of accepting an HIV test. However, participants who reported problem substance use were significantly more likely to test for HIV compared to participants who reported either no problem substance use or no substance use at all. This is significant as substance use, including heavy alcohol or cannabis use, can lead to behaviors that increase HIV risk.


HP:5200336

Video directly observed therapy (video-DOT)

The study tested the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile health application for video directly observed therapy (video-DOT) of buprenorphine in an office-based setting. The application was used by patients to record themselves taking buprenorphine, a treatment for opioid use disorders. The results showed that 93% of the participants were able to successfully use the application, with daily videos being submitted 72% of the time. Most participants reported satisfaction with the application, citing its accountability, structure, and ease of use. Some negative feedback included discomfort at viewing oneself during recording and the time required.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The paper presents the protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) called the Trial of Adherence Application for Buprenorphine treatment (TAAB) study. The study aims to evaluate the effects of video directly observed therapy (DOT) delivered via a smartphone app on office-based buprenorphine treatment outcomes for opioid use disorder (OUD) patients. The primary outcome is the percentage of weekly urines that are negative for opioids over the 12-weeks. The secondary outcome is engagement in treatment at week 12. The study hypothesizes that video DOT delivered through mHealth technology platform can improve patients' buprenorphine adherence by providing additional structure and accountability.


HP:0012741

Unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM)

The study presents a novel treatment for Opioid use disorders (OUDs) using unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) to the hemisphere with a more positive valence by Dual Brain Psychology (DBP). The treatment was tested on 22 patients with significant opioid cravings and a history of recent or current OUD. The results showed a significant decrease in opioid cravings, depression, and anxiety after the active treatment compared to the sham treatment. The treatment was found to be safe with only one patient reporting abdominal bloating.


HP:0012741


NCIT:C35041

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique challenges for the treatment of substance use disorder (SUD), including stress, isolation, and limited access to physical and mental health care. These factors increase the risk of return to drug use and pose barriers to recovery. The pandemic has necessitated a rapid adaptation in treatment providers and facilities, with digital health interventions such as telehealth, wearables, mobile applications, and remote monitoring devices being used to convert in-person care to remote-based care. These tools can help address some of the pandemic-specific challenges to treatment.


HP:0031633


NCBITaxon:2118


NCIT:C117329


MESH:C513575

The paper discusses the use of unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (UtPBM), a novel therapy for Opioid Use Disorders (OUD). The therapy was applied to 42 patients over 18 months, with varying degrees of response. 62% of patients had observable beneficial responses, 19% had helpful but not remarkable responses, and 19% had no noticeable response. The therapy was found to be a safe and valuable addition to traditional psychotherapy and medication management for OUD.


RXCUI:1801319

The paper reviews the use of wearable and wireless mobile health (mHealth) technologies in the treatment of substance use disorders. The most commonly used technology is wearable sensors, which can help reduce heavy substance use, mitigate relapse factors, and monitor for overdose. These new technologies offer advantages over traditional therapies by increasing geographic availability and providing continuous feedback and monitoring in a non-invasive manner. The paper suggests that as these technologies continue to develop and prove effective, they should be integrated into multifactorial treatment plans.


RXCUI:1941461


MESH:C470748

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital tool, Realize Analyze Engage (RAE), in supporting recovery from Substance Use Disorder (SUD). The tool focuses on real-time detection of high-risk events such as stress and drug craving, and provides supportive interventions. The study will be conducted in two phases: an observational trial to assess the accuracy of the tool and a randomized controlled trial to evaluate its impact on patient outcomes. The RAE tool could potentially help manage stress and craving outside of clinical settings and provide clinicians with valuable insights for personalized recovery support.


MESH:C470748


UBERON:0009655

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)

The study investigates the use of Transcutaneous Auricular Neurostimulation (tAN) as an adjuvant treatment for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), a condition that arises due to maternal opioid use during pregnancy. The primary treatment for NOWS is oral morphine, which has neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. tAN, a non-invasive form of electrostimulation, is delivered via an earpiece electrode targeting the vagus and trigeminal nerves. The study found that tAN was well-tolerated and resulted in no unanticipated adverse events. It also reduced the length of treatment with oral morphine, suggesting that tAN could be a promising alternative treatment for NOWS.


UBERON:0009655


MONDO:0002046

The paper reviews the use of wearable biosensors in the treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). These devices monitor physiological indicators of intoxication, such as changes in gait and sweat, to understand addiction and inform treatment. The biosensors provide continuous readings in a passive manner, compared to traditional methods like breathalyzer or blood draw. The two primary means of measuring intoxication with biosensors are through gait changes, measured via smart sensors placed on the wrist, in the shoe, and mobile device sensors in smart phones, and sweat, measured by transdermal biosensors that detect the presence of alcohol in the bloodstream. These devices have been used to monitor sobriety among offenders with AUD, track consumption throughout clinical trials for behavioral treatment modalities, and guide behavioral interventions for relapse prevention.


RXCUI:1801319


HP:0012236


RXCUI:1806253


MONDO:0800111

The study conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the feasibility of using video directly-observed therapy (DOT) for patients initiating buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). The results showed that the video DOT intervention did not result in improvements in illicit opioid use and treatment engagement compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU). The study was limited by low rates of intervention use.


EFO:0007877

The study found that sexual risk and problem substance use were significant predictors of HIV testing among emergency department patients aged 13-24 years. The study also found that the effect of problem substance use on testing is explained by sexual risk behavior. The use of automated screenings and tablet-based interventions were found to facilitate more accurate reporting of sexual behavior and substance use, and potentially increase HIV test uptake among those at risk.


NCBIGene:172140


HP:0002136


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study discusses the implementation of a smartphone-smart debit card contingency management program to promote entry into medication-assisted treatment for opioid users who have recently received care in a hospital emergency department. This was developed in response to the significant increase in opioid-related drug overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic, which put a heavy burden on hospital emergency departments. The program was successfully implemented despite disruptions related to COVID-19, suggesting that technology-based contingency management may provide improved scalability, rigorous outcomes metrics, and lower costs than prior onsite, manual contingency management approaches.


MONDO:0100096


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:25227431

Smartphone-smart debit card contingency management program


MESH:C571901

The study investigates the effects of RAP-103, a multi-chemokine receptor antagonist (CRA), on opioid-induced adverse effects in male rats. The results show that RAP-103 reduces the severity of withdrawal responses from chronic morphine exposure, reduces heroin acquisition and reinforcing efficacy, and normalizes deficits in oxygen saturation and respiratory rate caused by morphine exposure. Additionally, RAP-103 normalizes morphine-induced deficits in chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 in the nucleus accumbens (NAC).


MESH:C571901


UniProtKB:C5MKJ0

The paper discusses the role of T-type calcium channels, specifically the CaV3.2 isoform, in pain processing. These channels are expressed in nonpeptidergic and peptidergic nociceptive neurons and their expression or activity increases in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia neurons in different inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. The paper suggests that targeting proteins that regulate the trafficking or transcription of CaV3.2, or those that modify the channels via post-translational modifications, could be a new approach to developing drugs for pain control.


UniProtKB:C5MKJ0


UniProtKB:A0A0J9X628

Proteins that regulate the trafficking or transcription of CaV3.2


UniProtKB:Q6XS93

The paper suggests that Ca V 3.2 calcium channels are involved in facial pain.


MESH:C571901

The study investigates the effect of the multi-chemokine receptor antagonist RAP-103 on pain behaviors in acute and chronic pain models. In the acute model, RAP-103 had no effect on its own, but when combined with morphine, it reduced the effective dose of morphine. In a chronic model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), RAP-103 reversed established hypersensitivity. The treatment also resulted in significant reductions in the expression of cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, and chemokine CCL3 in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats.


CL:0000134

The study demonstrates a new method to generate hyaline cartilage from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a low risk of ossification. This was achieved by culturing MSCs in a hyaluronic acid hydrogel with transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) for 14 days, followed by 7 days in TGFβ-free medium, supplemented with Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 from day 10-21. This resulted in a significant reduction in hypertrophy phenotype. The stability of the hyaline phenotype was tested through intramuscular implantation in nude mice. After 4 weeks, the optimized group showed no signs of mineralization and maintained cartilaginous histology. The study found that TGFβ treatment time affected p38 expression, while exposure to XAV939 significantly inhibited P-Smad 1/5 level, which together resulted in decreased level of Runx2.


UniProtKB:A0A1S2VQX2


NCBIGene:100715426


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper discusses the opioid crisis and the need for collaboration among academic, government, and industrial partners to develop effective nonaddictive pain medications, interventions for opioid overdose, and addiction treatments. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) held a 2-day meeting to address these concerns and to chart a collaborative path forward. The meeting was supported by the NIH Helping to End Addiction Long-TermSM (HEAL) Initiative. The symposium aimed to improve understanding of the etiology of acute and chronic pain, discover novel targets and regulatable pain circuits for safe and effective therapeutics, and identify relevant biomarkers for adequate testing in clinical trials.


MESH:D014408


GO:1990791

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons

The study presents a method to assess the quality of cell-based assays using extracellular recordings from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons cultured on multi-well microelectrode arrays. The researchers applied data transformations to electrophysiological parameters for valid normality assumptions and suitability for use as a sample signal. They used a robust version of the Z'-factor, based on the median and median absolute deviation, to indicate assay quality and assess hit identification of potential pharmacological compounds. The approach demonstrated a large signal dynamic range and reduced sensitivity to data variation compared to the standard Z'-factor used in high throughput screening (HTS). Known antagonists of nociceptor-specific voltage-gated sodium ion channels were identified as true hits in the assay format under both spontaneous and thermally stimulated conditions.


NCBIGene:768612


MESH:D054316

Nociceptor-specific voltage-gated sodium ion channels


UniProtKB:A9JQD6

The study investigates the role of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 voltage-gated sodium channels in inflammatory pain. The research shows that the presence of inflammatory mediators, nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), increases the firing rates of adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The proteins Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 are found in cultured neurons and contribute to this increased activity. Blocking both Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 significantly impacts thermally evoked firing after treatment with IL-6 and NGF, suggesting their key role in inflammatory pain.


NCBIGene:266809


PR:000011194


PR:000001393


MONDO:0100096

The paper discusses the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), highlighting the similar effects of COVID-19 and opioid exposure such as compromised neuroimmunity, hypoxia, and respiratory depression. The authors propose the use of iPSC-derived brain organoid models as a potential tool to study the physiological connection between COVID-19 and OUD.


MONDO:0100096


EFO:0010702


NCIT:C35918


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826

The study presents a novel bioengineered microphysiological system that allows for the coculturing of peripheral and dorsal spinal cord nerve cells. This system facilitates the emergence of native nerve tissue macrostructure and concerted synaptic function. The researchers found that different analgesics - morphine, lidocaine, and clonidine - modulate this microphysiological synaptic transmission in predictable ways. This system could be used to screen drug candidates for analgesic potential more efficiently.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3676


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:2803


NCIT:C143751


UBERON:0005054


CHEBI:132889

The study investigates the use of graphene oxide (GO)-based nanosheets incorporated into methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) scaffolds to enhance osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The results showed high viability and metabolic activities in hMSCs encapsulated in the nanocomposites. The incorporation of GO and silica-coated graphene oxide (SiGO) significantly increased mineralization within hMSC-laden constructs. This was due to the enhancement of the production, retention, and biological activity of endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), specifically through the BMP-SMAD1/5 signaling pathway. Inhibition of this pathway with LDN-193189 treatment abolished the osteoinductive effect of the nanosheets. In vivo tests further confirmed the bone formation potential of this technology.


MESH:C000628730


CHEBI:132889

enhances production, retention, and biological activity of


PR:000044658

The study investigates the voltage-gated calcium channels in human and rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. The high voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents in both species share basic biophysical and pharmacological properties. However, there are significant differences in the HVA currents in human neurons compared to rat neurons. These differences include a smaller Ca2+ current density, a greater proportion of nifedipine-sensitive currents, and a subpopulation of human neurons displaying relatively large constitutive current inhibition.


PR:000044658


UniProtKB:A0A504XA82

High voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4485

High voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents


CHEBI:35482

The paper discusses the challenges in developing effective, non-addictive analgesics for treating acute and chronic pain. The authors suggest that traditional target-based drug discovery methods, which focus on single targets, often fail due to poor clinical efficacy. They propose the use of stem cell-derived neuronal-based screening approaches for identifying analgesic targets and compounds.


CHEBI:35482


UNII:BRN4UPY6BR


UniProtKB:A0A1A8YVS7

The study investigates the role of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in pain perception by sensory neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The researchers found that eIF5A, which undergoes a unique posttranslational hypusine modification, is consistently expressed in different species and culture systems. Inhibition of hypusine biosynthesis prevented hyperalgesic priming by inflammatory mediators, suggesting that hypusine could be a potential target for treating inflammation-associated pain.


UniProtKB:A0A1A8YVS7

undergoes posttranslational modification by


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:65396

inhibition prevents hyperalgesic priming


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:65396


NCBIGene:59041

The study identifies STK25 as a kinase of the type Iα regulatory subunit PRKAR1A in human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). The phosphorylation of PRKAR1A by STK25 inhibits the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) and increases its binding to the catalytic subunit in the presence of cAMP. In mice, the absence of Stk25 reduces Prkar1a phosphorylation, increases Pka activity, and enhances the contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. This suggests that STK25 negatively regulates PKA signaling through the phosphorylation of PRKAR1A.


UniProtKB:A0A7J7JRJ7


NCBIGene:59041

negatively regulates through PRKAR1A phosphorylation


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:71312192


HP:0000786

The Whole Health Study is a clinical trial that aims to investigate the effectiveness of collaborative care in treating opioid use disorder (OUD) and co-occurring psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, or PTSD in primary care settings. The study will randomize approximately 1200 patients into three groups: Augmented Usual Care, Collaborative Care, and Collaborative Care Plus. The primary outcomes are six-month rates of opioid use and remission of co-occurring psychiatric disorders.


HP:5200333


HP:0033667


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10382589


MONDO:0012048

The paper discusses the design of a randomized trial called CLARO (Collaboration Leading to Addiction Treatment and Recovery from Other Stresses) which aims to improve care for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and co-occurring depression and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The trial will be conducted in 13 primary care clinics in New Mexico and will involve 900 patients. The primary outcomes to be measured are access to medications for OUD (MOUD), continuity of MOUD care, depression symptoms, and PTSD symptoms.


MONDO:0005146


RXCUI:216284

The study analyzed the association between prescription opioid use and suicide attempts using medical claims data from Connecticut. The study found that patients prescribed opioid medications for at least 6 months during the past year and at 20-50 MME levels or higher had 4.44 to 7.23 times the risk of attempted suicide compared to those not prescribed opioids. The risk of suicide attempt was significantly higher among patients with psychiatric conditions other than anxiety who were prescribed more frequent and higher opioid doses. However, more frequent and higher doses of prescription opioids were associated with lower risk of suicide attempts among patients with medical conditions necessitating pain management.


RXCUI:216284

increases risk of suicide attempts in patients with


RXCUI:216284

Medical conditions necessitating pain management

decreases risk of suicide attempts in patients with


EFO:0010702

The paper discusses the integration of peer support services into primary care for the treatment of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). The standard care for OUD is medication, particularly buprenorphine, due to its effectiveness and low toxicity. However, many patients discontinue treatment within the first six months, leading to various risks. Peer service programs, which combine lived experience with formal training, have shown promise in retaining patients in treatment. The paper describes a peer support program in the University of Pennsylvania Health System and discusses the challenges and lessons learned in implementing such a program.


HP:5200016

University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS or Penn Medicine)


PR:000044656

The paper discusses the potential of two ion channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, as targets for non-opioid pain medications. RyRs are intracellular calcium channels, and HCN channels belong to the superfamily of voltage-gated K+ channels. Both channels play a role in nociception, the response of the sensory nervous system to a noxious stimulus that commonly leads to pain, and neuropathic pain.


PR:000000676

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels


PR:000044656


PR:000000676


GO:0019233


PR:000014353

The study generated non-opioid single-chain variable fragment (scFv) small antibodies to block the P2X4R receptor as a method of reducing pain. The scFv antibodies were found to have similar binding activity to monoclonal antibodies but with stronger affinity and increased tissue penetrability due to their smaller size. Two anti-P2X4R scFv clones (95, 12) were tested in male and female mice with trigeminal nerve chronic neuropathic pain. A single dose of P2X4R scFv successfully, completely, and permanently reversed chronic neuropathic pain-like measures in male mice only. Untreated mice retained hypersensitivity and developed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors within 5 weeks. In vitro P2X4R scFv 95 treatment significantly increased the rheobase of larger-diameter trigeminal ganglia neurons from mice compared to controls.


MONDO:0021667

Trigeminal nerve chronic neuropathic pain


NCBIGene:259249

The study focuses on the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X1 (MRGPRX1), a human sensory neuron-specific receptor that could be a potential target for pain treatment. The researchers synthesized and evaluated a series of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based molecules as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of MRGPRX1 in HEK293 cells transfected with the human MrgprX1 gene. They discovered an orally available compound, 6-(tert-butyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1t), which can reach the spinal cord, the presumed site of action, after oral administration. This compound reduced behavioral heat hypersensitivity in a neuropathic pain model induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) in humanized MRGPRX1 mice, demonstrating the potential of MRGPRX1 PAMs in treating neuropathic pain.


UniProtKB:A0A9K2PRE8

The study focuses on the design of peptides to target the NaV1.7 channel, which plays a significant role in pain transmission. The researchers used the ProTx-II peptide toxin from tarantula venom as a basis for designing potent and selective inhibitors of the human NaV1.7 channels. Two peptides, PTx2-3127 and PTx2-3258, were identified as having high potency and selectivity for the NaV1.7 channel. These peptides showed efficacy in rat models of chronic and thermal pain.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:132556404


MONDO:0024317

The study aimed to assess the feasibility and initial efficacy of an integrated psychosocial treatment for Veterans with chronic pain and hazardous opioid use. The treatment integrated two interventions: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain and Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention for opioid misuse. The results indicated a significant effect in favor of the integrated intervention for opioid misuse, pain interference, and pain behavior, supporting the feasibility of providing an integrated treatment for both opioid risk and pain interference.


NCIT:C159950


HP:0032941

The study aims to test the effectiveness of a digital peri-operative cognitive-behavioral intervention (SurgeryPalTM) in preventing the transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion surgery. The intervention targets baseline psychosocial risk factors such as psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and low pain self-efficacy, which are known to predict higher acute pain and likelihood of developing chronic postsurgical pain. The study will assess acute pain severity and interference, opioid use, chronic pain severity and interference, health-related quality of life (HRQL), parent and adolescent distress, sleep quality, and opioid use/misuse.


HP:5200293


HP:0012531


CHEBI:30879

The study examined the misuse of opioids and alcohol in 211 veterans with chronic pain who were prescribed opioids. The results showed that 32% were not misusing either substance, 23% were misusing both, 40% were misusing opioids, and 5% were misusing alcohol. Veterans not misusing either substance were generally less distressed compared to those misusing opioids or both. The study suggests a need for increased focus on polysubstance misuse and the development of integrated treatment.


CHEBI:35482


CHEBI:30879


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates the effects of intranasal leptin on opioid-induced sleep-disordered breathing in obese mice. The researchers found that morphine, an opioid, significantly increased the frequency of apneas and the severity of hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnea in obese mice. However, treatment with intranasal leptin decreased the frequency of apneas, improved obstructive sleep apnea, and completely reversed hypoventilation. Additionally, the analgesic effect of morphine was enhanced. In vitro studies showed that the μ-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin reduced the frequency of excitatory postsynaptic currents in hypoglossal motoneurons, and the application of leptin restored excitatory synaptic neurotransmission.


PR:000009758


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826


PR:000009758

The paper investigates the effect of intranasal leptin on survival after opioid overdose in a mouse model. The main finding is that leptin, when administered intranasally, improves survival rates in mice after opioid overdose.


CHEBI:35482

The paper discusses the relationship between opioid use and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Opioids, which are commonly prescribed for pain management, can affect breathing control and impair upper airway function, leading to central apneas, upper airway obstruction, and hypoxemia during sleep. The presence of OSA increases the risk of opioid-induced respiratory depression. However, the question of whether opioids can aggravate OSA remains unanswered. The paper also discusses the effects of opioids on the upper airway and hypoglossal motor activity.


MONDO:0007147


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345

The study investigates the effects of high-dose fentanyl-induced acute muscle rigidity on respiratory mechanics and metabolic rate in sedated rats. The results showed that fentanyl significantly decreased the compliance of the respiratory system and increased oxygen consumption, leading to hypoxemia. Dexmedetomidine, a central α-2 agonist, was found to counteract these effects, increasing respiratory compliance, decreasing metabolic rate, and restoring normoxemia. The researchers suggest that the changes in respiratory mechanics and metabolism caused by opioid-induced muscle rigidity contribute to fentanyl toxicity.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5311068


UniProtKB:Q9JKZ9

The study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of acupuncture as a treatment for chronic pain in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). The pilot study involved six adults with SCD who reported chronic pain for at least three months. The acupuncture treatment was administered twice per week for five weeks. The results showed that all participants had reduced pain intensity and pain interference after the intervention. The study concluded that it was feasible and acceptable to implement acupuncture in adults with SCD.


UniProtKB:Q9JKZ9

The study describes the development of an acupuncture intervention protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (PRCT) aimed at managing chronic low back pain (cLBP) in older adults. The protocol was developed through a consensus process involving an Acupuncture Advisory Panel (AAP) consisting of physician-acupuncturists, licensed acupuncturists, and an acupuncture researcher. The protocol includes details on care session length, number of needle insertion sites, insertion depths, needle retention times, types of needles, areas of the body to be treated, acupuncture point options, auricular point options, self-care options, and the minimum number of sessions considered ideal.


UniProtKB:Q9JKZ9


UBERON:0009655


UniProtKB:A0A9Q7VHV2

The OPTIMUM study is a randomized clinical trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a telehealth group mindfulness program, based on mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), for individuals with chronic low back pain (cLBP). The study will be conducted in various healthcare settings in the US, with 450 patients randomly assigned to either the mindfulness program combined with medical group visits (MGV) or usual primary care provider (PCP) care. The primary outcome measure is the PEG (Pain, enjoyment, and general activity) at the 6-month follow-up. The study will also assess psychological function, healthcare resource use, and opioid prescriptions.


CHEBI:36823


UniProtKB:A0A9Q7VHV2

PEG (Pain, enjoyment, and general activity)


UniProtKB:A0A9Q7VHV2


NCIT:C50787

The study investigates the effect of Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in combination with routine physical therapy on movement-evoked pain in individuals with fibromyalgia. The study, known as FM-TIPS, is a phase III trial involving over 110 physical therapists across 24 to 30 clinics in 6 healthcare systems and 7 states. The primary outcome is the reduction in movement-evoked pain from baseline to Day 60. Secondary outcomes include resting pain and fatigue, pain interference, fibromyalgia disease activity, movement-evoked fatigue, and patient global impression of change.


MESH:D000085703


NCIT:C50787


HP:0030157

The BeatPain study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two non-pharmacologic treatment strategies for chronic low back pain (LBP) using telehealth. The strategies include a brief pain consult (BPC) and telehealth physical therapy (PT) provided either adaptively or sequentially. The study will recruit 500 participants who will be assessed at baseline, and at 12, 26, and 52 weeks follow-ups. The primary outcome is the Pain, Enjoyment and General Activity measure of pain impact.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study developed and validated a predictive model to identify patients on chronic opioid therapy who are at high risk of opioid overdose and could benefit from naloxone, an opioid antagonist. The model was developed using data from 42,828 patients and validated in 10,708 patients. The model showed good calibration and discrimination in the derivation site, identifying 66-82% of all subsequent opioid overdoses. However, it showed less than ideal calibration in the validation site due to population differences.


MESH:D023421


UBERON:0009834

The study investigates the combined influence of psychosocial and neural protective mechanisms against substance use in youth with a family history of substance use disorder (SUD). The research found that greater activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during correctly inhibited trials on the Go/No-Go task was a significant predictor of resilience against binge drinking and marijuana use. This was over and above greater reactive control in early adolescence and lower externalizing behavior in late adolescence. However, neural activation in the ventral striatum associated with reward anticipation during the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT) was not a significant predictor of resilience.


UBERON:0005403


HP:0033512

Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS)

The study examined the nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) for study enhancement (SE) among US high school students. The students were divided into four subgroups based on their use of NMUPS. The study found that all NMUPS subgroups had significantly higher odds of binge drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana, and nonmedical opioid use. The grade point averages (GPAs) were significantly lower among subgroups reporting NMUPS for nonstudy motives. The study concluded that NMUPS for SE does not result in superior academic performance and is associated with greater substance-related problems.


HP:0033512


MONDO:0010623

The study investigates pain management practices among American Indians and Alaska Natives in a rural tribal clinic in Southern California. The study found that being male, younger, and having less education were strong predictors for riskier methods for managing pain. The findings will help in developing strategies for reducing and preventing misuse and abuse of prescription medications and other drugs in rural American Indian and Alaska Native communities.


EFO:0003843


RXCUI:216284

Nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO)

The study investigates the characteristics associated with nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) in adolescents and their relationship to subsequent substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms in early midlife. The study found that adolescents who reported NMUPO for pain relief, NMUPO involving opioid analgesics with high misuse potential, or multiple prescription opioids had significantly greater odds of SUD symptoms at age 35. Additionally, medical use of prescription opioids after initiating NMUPO during adolescence was associated with significantly greater odds of subsequent SUD symptoms at age 35.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

Nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO)


RXCUI:216284


MONDO:0000415


CHEBI:35482

The study developed and evaluated an Opioid Safety Clinic (OSC) initiative to enhance adherence to guidelines on the assessment and monitoring of patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy (COT). The OSC was found to improve adherence to guideline-concordant COT in primary care. Patients who attended the OSC were more likely to have completed a pain assessment, completed a urine toxicology, or had naloxone dispensed over 12 months of follow-up.


CHEBI:35482


MESH:D055553

Nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD)

The study examined the sources of nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) among US high school seniors and their association with sociodemographic characteristics, NMUPD characteristics, and other substance use. It was found that approximately 11.0% of high school seniors reported past-year NMUPD, with a significant proportion obtaining the drugs from multiple sources. Five subgroups of NMUPD sources were identified: friend/relative sources, friend/purchased sources, own leftover prescription, multiple sources, and other sources. Different NMUPD sources were associated with different substance use behaviors. The study suggests that all NMUPD sources should be discouraged and education on proper management and disposal of controlled medications should be provided to patients and their families.


MESH:D055553


NCBIGene:445684

The study examined the impact of the Affordable Care Act on the opioid crisis in West Virginia, focusing on the treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) among people enrolled in the Medicaid expansion program. The study found that about 5.5% of all enrollees were diagnosed with OUD per year, and the monthly prevalence of OUD diagnoses nearly tripled during the three-year period. The ratio of people filling buprenorphine, a medication used to treat OUD, to the number diagnosed with OUD increased from one-third in early 2014 to more than 75% by late 2016. The mean annual duration of filled buprenorphine also increased, and most people filling buprenorphine also received counseling and drug testing.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study investigates the impact of naloxone access laws (NALs) on fatal and nonfatal opioid overdoses in the United States from 2005 to 2016. The results show that NALs granting direct authority to pharmacists to provide naloxone were associated with significant reductions in fatal overdoses. However, these laws may also increase nonfatal overdoses resulting in emergency department visits. The effect sizes for fatal overdoses grew over time relative to the adoption of the NALs. There was little evidence of an association for indirect authority to dispense and other NALs.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:71774987


RXCUI:1550707

The study investigates how adolescents and their parents manage controlled prescription medications at home. The study found that most families do not follow all recommended safe management strategies for these medications. Families with an adolescent prescription for a controlled medication were more likely to use several core management strategies. Families with a household pain reliever were more likely to not keep spare pills in inappropriate locations.


CHEBI:35573


MONDO:0043377

Juvenile probation/parole officers (JPOs)

The study presents findings from a trial conducted in rural communities where juvenile probation/parole officers (JPOs) were trained to deliver contingency management (CM), an evidence-based intervention for substance use, to justice-involved youth. The results showed that JPOs can feasibly incorporate CM into their services and deliver it at similar or even greater capacities than clinically trained therapists. This task-shifting approach could significantly increase access to substance use services for high-risk youth in rural areas where such services are limited or nonexistent.


MONDO:0043377

deliver intervention at similar or greater capacity than


HP:0033360


NCIT:C122458


CHEBI:35482

The study identified five trajectories of prescription drug misuse (opioids, stimulants, and sedatives or tranquilisers) from adolescence into adulthood, with the defining characteristic being the age when high-frequency misuse peaked. All misuse trajectories were associated with significantly greater odds of having two or more substance use disorder symptoms at age 35 years, especially the later peak trajectories. Risk factors associated with the high-risk latest peak prescription drug misuse trajectory included high school heavy drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana use, poly-prescription drug misuse, white race, and not completing a 4-year university degree.


CHEBI:36063


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6488


HP:0012597


HP:0001073


HP:5200341


NCIT:C54356


NCBIGene:32957509

The study investigates the association of state policies regarding substance use during pregnancy with rates of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS). The study found that in states with punitive policies, the odds of NAS were significantly higher during the first full calendar year after enactment and more than 1 full year after enactment. However, there was no association between reporting policies and odds of NAS.


HP:0001073

The study found that the decline in adolescent cigarette smoking from 2000 to 2018 has led to a decrease in the prevalence of other drug use among adolescents. The study analyzed data from over 1.2 million US students and found that the overall prevalence of non-medical amphetamine, tranquilliser, and opioid use has either remained the same or increased among ever and never cigarette smokers. However, when these two groups were combined, the overall prevalence of each of these drugs declined by about half. This decline is attributed to the growing group of never smokers, whose levels of non-medical drug use were at least four times lower than the levels of ever smokers. The results support the 'gateway' theory that declines in cigarette smoking among adolescents lead to a decrease in their non-medical use of amphetamines, tranquillisers, and opioids.


CHEBI:35482

The study investigates the risk factors associated with opioid misuse among adolescents who received opioid prescriptions for acute pain treatment in pediatric ambulatory care settings. The study found that 90% of the adolescents reported two or more risks for future opioid misuse, with pain catastrophizing and alcohol use being the most common risk factors. Parental factors such as a history of chronic pain and anxiety were also identified as risk factors. The study also found that 71% of parents reported keeping opioids at home, which is a potential risk factor for future misuse.


CHEBI:35482


HP:0012531


CHEBI:30879


HP:0012532


EFO:0005230


CHEBI:22720

The study reviews state laws that mandate or recommend healthcare providers to prescribe naloxone to patients at high risk of opioid overdose. As of September 2019, 17 states had enacted naloxone co-prescribing laws. Over half of these states mandate that providers prescribe naloxone if patient overdose risk criteria are met. Most states define patient overdose risk based on opioid dosages prescribed, concomitant opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions, and patient history of substance use disorder or mental illness. The study suggests that naloxone prescribing requirements could increase naloxone prescribed, destigmatize naloxone use, and reduce overdose harms.


CHEBI:22720


CHEBI:35482

The study investigates the relationship between the medical supply of opioids and drug overdoses, using Medicare Part D as a reference. The findings suggest that a 10% increase in the medical supply of opioids leads to a 7.1% increase in opioid-related deaths among the Medicare-ineligible population. This implies a significant diversion from medical markets.


NCBIGene:100144573

The study used a comprehensive Massachusetts database to analyze the movement of people with opioid use disorder (OUD) through inpatient care from 2013 to 2015. It was found that 61% of inpatient detoxification admissions resulted in a subsequent inpatient detoxification admission without progressing to further inpatient care. The risk of opioid-related overdose was greatest for persons exiting treatment after detoxification (17.3 per 100 person-years) compared to those who exited after subsequent inpatient care (5.9 to 6.6 overdoses per 100 person-years). Non-Hispanic whites were most at risk for opioid-related overdose, while non-Hispanic blacks had the lowest risk. The study suggests that inpatient detoxification might be more effective as a venue for implementing strategies to expand addiction services or treatment such as medications for opioid use disorder.


MONDO:0013517


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper reviews the separation of research on treatment for opioid use in pregnant women and preventive interventions for postpartum psychopathology, despite their significant overlap. It suggests that best practice guidelines for pregnant women with opioid use disorder include medication-assisted treatment and comprehensive care, including behavioral and mental health interventions. The paper argues for the integration of research on opioid use in pregnant women and preventive perinatal mental health interventions to better address the opioid epidemic in this population.


EFO:0004609


HP:0033667


MONDO:0000415

The study investigates the long-term effects of physical victimization during adolescence on substance use disorders in adulthood. The data was obtained from the Monitoring the Future Study, which included both men and women who were surveyed from age 18 to 30, and again at 35. The study found that adolescents who were threatened with or experienced physical violence had more symptoms of alcohol use at age 35 than those who were not victimized. However, when victimization during young adulthood was accounted for, only victimization during this period was associated with alcohol use symptoms at age 35. The effects of young adult victimization were stronger for women. Victimization was mostly unrelated to cannabis use symptoms at age 35.


NCIT:C60643

Physical victimization in young adulthood


MONDO:0000415

has no significant effect on symptoms of use at age 35


UNII:A718Z7DA1K

The study found that cannabis and tobacco use in early adolescence are associated with opioid use in young adulthood. The research was conducted over a 12-year period on a cohort of adolescents from urban elementary schools in Baltimore, MD, United States. The study found significant positive associations between the frequency of cannabis or tobacco use at age 14 and the frequency of opioid use at age 19.


MESH:D062789


MESH:D064086

The study examined adolescent factors related to alcohol and marijuana use that are associated with a higher or lower risk for opioid misuse during emerging adulthood. The study found that positive expectancies, peer approval, and older sibling use predicted a higher probability of opioid misuse. However, most adolescent factors were no longer associated with subsequent opioid misuse after adjusting for history of other substance use.


NCBITaxon:3482

The study investigates the association between cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood and opioid misuse in a primarily urban Black cohort. Four cannabis use trajectories were identified: Low/Non-Users, Adolescent Onset Limited, Young Adult Onset, and Adolescent Onset Chronic. The study found that Adolescent Onset Chronic cannabis users had the highest rate of opioid misuse, followed by Adolescent Onset Limited, Young Adult Onset, and Low/Non-Users. The prevalence was significantly higher for Adolescent Onset groups relative to Low/Non-Users even after adjusting for individual, neighborhood, and peer factors.


NCIT:C124542

The study found that verbal aggression victimization, such as homophobic name-calling, is linked to heavier substance use among young adults. The research identified four victimization classes (high victimization, homophobic name-calling only, verbal sexual harassment only, and low victimization) and three substance use classes (poly-substance use, alcohol and cannabis only, low all). The high victimization and homophobic name-calling only classes had the highest probabilities of transitioning into the poly-substance use class. Greater depressive symptoms increased the odds of transitioning into the poly-substance use and alcohol and cannabis only classes for the high victimization class, and for the homophobic name-calling only class.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44373050


NCIT:C124542


NCIT:C150140


RXCUI:216284

The study examined the prevalence and correlates of medical use and misuse of prescription opioids among US 12th-grade students. The past-year prevalence of prescription opioid misuse was 7.6% and ranged from 0% to 73% across US high schools. Lifetime medical use of prescription opioids was 16.9% and ranged from 0% to 85% across US high schools. The odds of prescription opioid misuse were higher at schools with higher proportions of male students, more white students, higher rates of marijuana use, and more medical use of prescription opioids. The association between greater school-level medical use of prescription opioids and higher prevalence of prescription opioid misuse, although declining, indicates a key risk factor to target for prevention efforts.


RXCUI:216284


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study examined opioid use in adolescents aged 14-18 years who were prescribed these medications for acute noncancer pain in pediatric outpatient medical settings. It was found that the majority of the youth filled the opioid prescription and the frequency of use varied widely. No gender differences were observed in the percentage of opioid use days, despite females reporting higher pain and mood symptoms. Greater pain experiences and the number of pills prescribed were positively associated with opioid use. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with greater opioid use, while higher daily reports of worried or scared affect were associated with lower opioid use.


EFO:0003843


NCIT:C117196


RXCUI:216284

The study examined the relationship between prescription opioid use and misuse during adolescence and subsequent heroin use in adulthood. The study found that adolescents who reported nonmedical prescription opioid misuse followed by medical use or nonmedical misuse only had a higher likelihood of any heroin use in adulthood than those with no lifetime exposure to prescription opioids. Furthermore, more recent cohorts of adolescents who reported nonmedical misuse or medical use only had a higher likelihood of any heroin use in adulthood relative to older cohorts. Nearly one in three adolescents in recent cohorts who reported nonmedical prescription opioid misuse transitioned to any heroin use.


RXCUI:1550707


MONDO:0100096

The paper discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the treatment of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and the availability of parenting resources for people with SUDs. The transition to mobile technology for SUD treatment due to physical distancing during the pandemic has potentially limited the availability of parenting resources. The paper suggests that the rapid integration of parenting supports into telehealth and web-based treatment delivery is essential for improving long-term outcomes for families affected by substance use.


NCBITaxon:2118


CL:0011028

Telehealth and web-based treatment delivery

needs integration into for improving SUD treatment outcomes


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates the impact of opioid misuse during late adolescence (ages 18-20) on risk behaviors, health, social functioning, and emerging adult roles at age 21-22. The research found that adolescents who reported opioid misuse at age 18 were more likely to experience negative consequences from alcohol and cannabis use, engage in sexual risk behaviors, report delinquent behavior, and have a higher likelihood of experiencing sexual victimization and engaging in sexual perpetration at age 21-22. However, opioid misuse was not associated with depression, anxiety, physical health or ailments, satisfaction with friends, romantic relationship functioning, or emerging adult roles.


UNII:A718Z7DA1K

The study found that opioid-related overdoses have significantly increased among adolescents and young adults. The study compared the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of female and male youths who have experienced a nonfatal opioid overdose (NFOD). It was found that female youths had a higher prevalence of mood or anxiety disorder, trauma and stress-related disorders, and history of suicide attempt or self-harm. Male youths had a higher prevalence of opioid use disorder, cannabis use disorder, and alcohol use disorder. The incidence rate ratio of NFODs in females vs males was greater than 1 for ages 11 to 16 years and was less than or equal to 1 after age 17 years.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10836

The study examined the co-use of methamphetamine and opioids among people in treatment in Oregon. Initial urinalysis of 102 specimens showed that 61% contained methamphetamine, with non-fentanyl opioids being three times as common in methamphetamine positive specimens. The study found three main factors impacting co-use: stigma regarding methamphetamine use, community-level factors and temporality, and patient rationales for co-use, such as mitigating the harms of heroin or managing its effects. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the expertise of people who co-use opioids and methamphetamine in future program planning.


RXCUI:1159059


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


NCIT:C50476

The study investigates the relationship between boredom, sensation seeking, and their interaction with substance use, externalizing behavior, and depressive affect in adolescents. The research found that both boredom and sensation seeking were significantly associated with most dependent variables. Significant interaction effects were observed where individuals high on both boredom and sensation seeking reported the highest levels of depressive affect and externalizing behavior. No significant interaction effects were found for substance use. Gender moderation was found for depressive affect. The study suggests that prevention efforts that attend to both boredom and sensation seeking may be effective for promoting mental health and preventing externalizing behavior.


NCIT:C50476


EFO:0020103


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:9887568

The study assessed the impact of the Opioid Reduction Act (SB 273) in West Virginia, which limited the supply of chronic and first-time opioid prescriptions. Data from the state Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) was analyzed, including the number of opioid prescriptions, first-time opioid prescriptions, average daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME), and prescription duration. The results showed a significant decrease in overall state opioid prescribing and a small change in average daily MME associated with the date of the legislation's enactment. However, there was no association found with first-time opioid prescriptions or days' supply of opioid medication.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:9887568


MONDO:0005618

The study found that among youth aged 11 to 25 years who were prescribed an initial opioid, 0.3% developed an opioid use disorder or experienced an overdose within the following year. Factors associated with increased risk included mood/anxiety disorders, substance use, and prescriptions involving long-acting opioids or long durations. Comorbid substance use disorders were present in 72.8% of youth experiencing an opioid-related complication, including alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and other substance use disorders.


NCBIGene:172140


RXCUI:219922


NCIT:C164062

The study investigates the impact of electronic prescribing mandates for controlled substances on opioid supply and opioid-related overdoses. The mandates, which require controlled substances to be prescribed electronically directly to the pharmacy, were first enforced in New York in March 2016. The study found that the mandate reduced the rate of overdoses involving natural and semi-synthetic opioids by 22%. However, there was little evidence of any corresponding changes in overdose rates involving illicit opioids.


NCIT:C164062


RXCUI:1013930

The study investigates the relationship between retention in outpatient substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and pharmacotherapy for comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study found that ADHD was diagnosed in 9.4% of outpatients and was associated with younger age, comorbid cocaine use, and private insurance. Individuals not receiving ADHD pharmacotherapy were younger than those receiving medication. ADHD pharmacotherapy was associated with greater long-term retention in SUD treatment, with those not receiving ADHD medication having a 4.9-fold increased likelihood of attrition within 90 days. The study concludes that ADHD pharmacotherapy is robustly associated with improved short- and longer-term retention in outpatient SUD treatment.


WormBase:WBGene00006305


MONDO:0007743


RXCUI:1013930


HP:0031358

Office-based buprenorphine treatment (OBBT)

The study reviews state laws in the US regarding office-based buprenorphine treatment (OBBT) for opioid use disorder (OUD). Since 2005, 10 states have passed 181 OBBT laws. The laws cover various aspects such as provider credentials, patient symptoms, patient education, counseling, patient monitoring, clinician monitoring, and patient safety. Some of these laws codify practices that lack scientific consensus. The results could serve as a basis for a typology of office-based treatment laws, which could facilitate empirical examination of policy impacts on treatment access and quality.


HP:0031358


MONDO:0100096

The study examined the use of buprenorphine, a medication used to treat opioid use disorder, among adults with employer-based insurance during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research found that the weekly use of buprenorphine remained relatively stable from January to August 2020. The study did not find any consistent change in the use of buprenorphine based on county-level measures of COVID-19 case rate, fatal drug overdose rate, and racial composition. However, use was consistently higher in counties with the highest fatal drug overdose rates.


HP:0006583


HP:0012532

The study investigates the prevalence of chronic pain among veterans and non-veterans, and the use of cannabis as a treatment. The data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III was analyzed. The results showed that chronic pain was more prevalent among veterans. Among veterans, frequent cannabis use was more common among those with pain, especially in states with medical cannabis laws. However, the study did not find evidence to support the hypothesis that cannabis use improves mental or physical health for veterans with pain.


UNII:A718Z7DA1K


MONDO:0001247

The systematic review examined the relationship between social connection and opioid misuse. The study found that social connection is an important correlate of opioid misuse, with both positive and negative associations. However, due to the high risk of bias and variability among research studies, there is a need for standardization of measurement and larger studies with diverse populations. The evidence regarding the associations between social connection and opioid misuse or disorder is sparse.


MONDO:0005405

The study investigates the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and patterns of substance use during young adulthood. The study found that individuals who reported ACEs had a higher proportion of polysubstance use, including opioids and prescription medications, and were less likely to transition out of a riskier class. The study also found that mental health status and biological sex influenced these patterns.


MONDO:0005405


HP:0033667


MESH:D012730


NCIT:C115220

The study investigates the effectiveness of the Families Actively Improving Relationships (FAIR) program in treating families involved in the child welfare system with parental substance abuse, specifically opioid and methamphetamine abuse. The FAIR program integrates substance abuse and mental health treatment, parent skills training, and supportive case management. The study found significant reductions in parental opioid and methamphetamine use, mental health symptoms, and parenting risk, and improvements in stability in parents receiving FAIR. However, providing services to families who require travel in excess of 20 miles for sessions has challenging implications for program costs under a Medicaid structure.


NCIT:C115220


UniProtKB:A1S490

The National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS) was established to identify and monitor emerging drugs in the United States. However, the rapid development of novel psychoactive substances has complicated this task. The Drug Outbreak Testing Service (DOTS) study tested the feasibility of recruiting organizations to submit urine specimens for testing for approximately 240 drugs, at no cost to them. The results showed extensive polydrug use and geographic differences in the drugs detected. All sites found the DOTS collaborating laboratory's test results to be very useful for understanding the types of drugs being used recently and to assess the adequacy of their testing protocols.


MESH:D000081822


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper discusses the development of an online version of the Family Check-Up (FCU), a program designed to enhance parenting skills and prevent substance use, specifically targeting families with opioid use histories. The online platform and telehealth model allow for wide-scale dissemination, especially in remote, rural areas where addiction rates are high but services are limited. The FCU Online includes new modules focusing on harm reduction for parents with substance abuse histories, including opioid use.


MONDO:0002125

The study investigated the relationship between different types of victimization and opioid use in late adolescence and young adulthood. The study identified four classes of victimization and trauma-related characteristics: sexual abuse and indirect violence with high trauma characteristics, high all with high trauma characteristics, chronic emotional abuse with a trusted perpetrator, and low all. The study found that sexual/gender minority status, sex assigned at birth, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status influenced the risk of class membership. The study also found that all classes had a shorter latency to opioid use compared to the low all class. Self-efficacy and neighborhood cohesion were identified as protective factors that decrease the risk of opioid use.


HP:0004488


NCBIGene:986027


UniProtKB:A0A2V8PVK0


HP:0020173


UniProtKB:A0A160VJT8


NCBITaxon:215459

The study investigates the relationship between state medical cannabis laws (MCL) and the risk of fatal opioid overdose from 2000-2011 using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The study found no significant association between state MCLs and the rate of opioid overdose for the periods 2000-2005 and 2006-2011. The findings suggest that MCLs do not have a protective effect on opioid overdoses.


MONDO:0005566

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)

The study found a significant association between the rates of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and the rates of infant foster care entries in the US. Data from 580 US counties from 2009-17 showed that for every one diagnosis of NOWS per ten births, there was a 41% higher rate of infant foster care entry. Additionally, rural county residence was associated with a 19% higher rate of infant foster entry. Higher employment rates were associated with lower rates of infant foster care entry.


NCBITaxon:875496


EFO:0005241


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6540411

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The study investigates the geographic accessibility of medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in substance use disorder treatment facilities from 2014 to 2020. The data shows an increase in the share of counties with a treatment facility offering MOUD from 30% to 45% and those offering all three forms of MOUD from 4% to 9%. Over 83% of the population lives within 10 miles of a facility offering MOUD treatment, and 42% have a facility that offers all three forms of MOUD within a 10-mile radius. The difference between county- and population-based measures is due to more population-dense areas having higher rates of facilities providing MOUD.


MESH:D023421

The study investigated the feasibility and efficacy of an adapted Housing First model, combined with prevention services, for young adults experiencing homelessness in the USA. The prevention services included youth-centered advocacy services, motivational interviewing, and HIV risk prevention services. The study found that the model was feasible to deliver and that the youth engaged in the supportive intervention services. The model also led to a significant decrease in drug use, drug use consequences, cognitive distortions, and the size of youths' social networks that were drug using individuals. However, alcohol use did not change significantly over time.


MESH:D023421


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6540411

The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of hospital-based strategies to address the opioid epidemic in the USA. The strategies included standard hospital care, expanded inpatient prescribing of medications for opioid use disorder, implementation of addiction consult services, and a combined strategy. The results showed that expanding medications for opioid use disorder with bridge prescriptions reduced hospitalizations and overdose deaths by 3.2% and 3.6% respectively. The combined strategy reduced hospitalizations and overdoses by 5.2% and 6.6% respectively. The combined interventions could improve life expectancy and be cost-effective.


MONDO:0015131


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study investigates the community-level factors associated with the distribution of naloxone, a medication that reverses opioid overdoses, under a naloxone standing order (NSO) in Massachusetts. The research found that naloxone dispensing under NSO has increased over time. However, communities with a higher percentage of Hispanic ethnicity and rural communities were less likely to dispense naloxone under NSO. Communities with more individuals treated with buprenorphine and those with more opioid-related overdose deaths dispensed more naloxone under NSO. The findings suggest a need for more equitable access to naloxone.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


MONDO:0013517


MONDO:0005258

The study investigates the presence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in young adults seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). Using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2), the study found that a significant proportion of these patients exhibited clinically elevated autistic traits. Furthermore, those with elevated SRS-2 scores were more likely to have a stimulant use disorder or an opioid use disorder, as well as alcohol use in the week prior to intake.


MONDO:0005258


RXCUI:216284

Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs)

The study examined the impact of state policies such as prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) and duration limits on high-risk opioid prescribing from 2007 to 2018. The study found that initial prescriptions for more than 7 days declined from 23.8% in 2007 to 14.9% in 2018, associated with mandatory and interoperable PDMPs and prescription duration limits. Initial prescriptions with daily MME greater than 90 declined from 13.2% to 1.9%, associated with pain management clinic laws. However, initial prescriptions concurrent with benzodiazepines declined only modestly from 6.9% to 6.5%, associated with pain management clinic laws. The study suggests that new policies should be considered in light of the prevalence of the problem being addressed.


HP:0030157


CHEBI:84123

The study investigates the prevalence of state laws that regulate the prescription of buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder (OUD), by advanced practice clinicians (APCs) such as nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs). The research found that one state prohibits all APCs from prescribing buprenorphine for OUD, five states require PA supervision by a federally waivered physician, and three states require NP supervision by a federally waivered physician.


NCBITaxon:303981


UniProtKB:B5ED42


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study conducted a trial to determine the effects of pharmacy-based naloxone co-dispensing with opioids. The trial found that co-dispensing naloxone with opioids did not increase opioid risk behavior. However, it did increase naloxone acquisition and patient knowledge about naloxone administration. There was no significant change in opioid dose and other substance use.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

Patient knowledge about naloxone administration


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


CHEBI:35475

The study examined trends in prescriptions for opioid and non-opioid pain medications in the U.S. from 2014 to 2018. It was found that the percentage of participants receiving a prescription for opioids declined, remained stable for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and increased for acetaminophen, antidepressants, and gabapentinoids. The adjusted odds of receiving an opioid prescription decreased, while the adjusted odds of receiving antidepressant, gabapentinoid, and acetaminophen prescriptions increased. Physicians are increasingly turning to CDC-recommended non-opioid medications for pain management, particularly antidepressants and gabapentinoids.


CHEBI:35469


NCBIGene:172029


CHEBI:30879

The study aims to implement and evaluate a multi-level community intervention to prevent the onset and escalation of opioid and other drug misuse among adolescents and young adults in the Cherokee Nation. The intervention combines community organizing, school-based brief intervention and referral, skill-based training for adults, and strategic media. The effectiveness of the intervention will be measured through a cluster randomized trial involving 20 high schools. Primary outcomes include the number of days of any alcohol use, heavy alcohol use, any marijuana use, and prescription opioid misuse.


MESH:D064086


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


CHEBI:30879


NCIT:C27003

The study investigated the patterns and predictors of daily acute pain in adolescents undergoing treatment for pain. Three trajectories of pain intensity were identified: slow decrease, rapid decrease, and stable or slight increase. Adolescents with stable pain showed the highest levels of anxiety. Better sleep quality was associated with lower pain intensity and interference the following day, even when accounting for opioid use. The study suggests that future research should use intensive longitudinal methodology to guide intervention development and prevent the transition to chronic pain.


NCIT:C27003


EFO:0005272


CHEBI:35482

The study investigates the impact of SB 273, a legislation aimed at reducing opioid-related harms in West Virginia, on patients and providers. The study found that the fear of disciplinary action and the restrictive nature of the legislation led to an exacerbation of opioid prescribing fear, shifts in care, treatment gaps, and conversion to illicit substances. The researchers suggest a holistic and patient-centered approach by legislative and disciplinary bodies to ensure patients are not abandoned when disciplinary actions are taken against prescribers or new legislation is passed.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6321408

The study used a mathematical model to estimate the impact of offering buprenorphine-naloxone treatment at syringe service programs (SSPs) in Massachusetts, USA. The results showed that the intervention scenario, where 30% of SSP clients initiated buprenorphine treatment on-site at least once annually, averted 4797 fatal opioid overdoses and resulted in 129,359 additional treatment initiations compared to the status quo. The intervention scenario was also found to be cost-effective, saving $3612 per person and accumulating more quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) compared to the status quo.


EFO:0030082

associated with increased risk of misuse

The study found that higher polygenic risk scores (PRS) for lifetime cannabis use, heavy drinking, and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased risk of opioid misuse in an African-American sample. The study also found that higher PRS for heavy drinking and alcohol consumption were associated with a higher likelihood of opioid misuse among males, but not females.


EFO:0030082


HP:0008185

higher PRS associated with higher likelihood of opioid misuse


HP:0000868

higher PRS not associated with higher likelihood of opioid misuse


NCBIGene:100532748

The study investigates the impact of state policies on the prescription of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder by nurse practitioners (NP) and physician assistants (PA). The study found that the percentage of buprenorphine treatment prescribed by NPs/PAs varied across states. Policies that increased the odds of buprenorphine treatment from an NP/PA included full scope of practice for NPs and PAs, Medicaid pay parity for NPs, and Medicaid expansion. The association of Medicaid expansion with NP/PA buprenorphine treatment was particularly significant in rural counties.


HP:0007065

The study found that changes in perceived and objective neighborhood social environment during adolescence have an impact on alcohol and marijuana use in emerging adulthood. Specifically, increasing perceived disorganization was associated with greater alcohol consequences and socialization with peers using marijuana. Decreasing objective neighborhood SES was linked to fewer alcohol consequences and greater socialization with peers drinking alcohol. Interestingly, both decreasing and increasing perceived social cohesion were associated with fewer alcohol consequences, and increasing perceived social cohesion was linked to lower solitary alcohol use.


HP:0007065


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:133451

predicts fewer consequences and greater use


MONDO:0001247

predicts fewer consequences and lower solitary use


NCBIGene:100881660

The study examines the various strategies implemented by federal and state governments to provide access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The policies focused on four key areas: telehealth, privacy, licensing, and medication for OUD treatment. The study found that while all states have adopted at least one policy in these areas, no state has comprehensively implemented all of these policies. The study emphasizes the need for evaluations to account for the variation in state approaches as the interactions between policies may limit the potential effectiveness of any single policy approach.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study aimed to understand expert views on state-level naloxone access laws (NALs) in the US, which are used to expand naloxone availability as a harm reduction strategy against the opioid epidemic. The study found that the effectiveness of NALs in reducing opioid-related mortality depends on their ability to significantly increase population-level naloxone availability. Experts generally believed that increased naloxone availability does not significantly impact the prevalence of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder (OUD), and non-fatal opioid overdoses. However, implementation barriers include public stigma, naloxone affordability, and reliance on an inequitable healthcare system. Experts suggest that high-value NALs should address these issues and target settings beyond community pharmacies to distribute naloxone.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6540411

The study identified and categorized state policy innovations for expanding the utilization of Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs) in a sample of 16 U.S. states and Washington D.C. The researchers found 82 laws with one or more MOUD expansion policies, which were categorized into six high-level MOUD expansion policy categories: policies expanding the availability of waivered buprenorphine providers, needs assessments and policies increasing public MOUD awareness, criminal justice system policies, Substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and sober living facility policies, insurance policies, and hospital policies. The most common were SUD treatment and housing facility policies, as well as insurance policies.


EFO:0009937

The paper discusses the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) initiative, the HEAL Prevention Cooperative (HPC), which aims to develop effective prevention interventions for older adolescents and young adults at risk for opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD). The HPC includes an economic evaluation component to provide information on the costs, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of these interventions. The primary objectives of the economic evaluation are to estimate the intervention implementation costs to providers, estimate the cost-effectiveness of each intervention for reducing opioid misuse initiation and escalation among youth, and use simulation modeling to estimate the budget impact of broader implementation of the interventions within the various settings over multiple years.


EFO:0009937


EFO:0010702


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The Helping to End Addiction Long-Term (HEAL) Prevention Cooperative (HPC) is developing 10 different interventions to prevent opioid misuse and opioid use disorder. The aim is to compare the impacts of these interventions on the initiation, escalation, severity, and disorder of opioid misuse and to identify if any interventions are more effective for certain individuals. The paper discusses the strategies and processes used to harmonize HPC data, including a strategy to measure opioid use that spans the spectrum of opioid use experiences. The limitations and opportunities of this approach are also reviewed.


GO:0099120


NCBITaxon:1369087


UniProtKB:A0A222YWW2

The study used a 3-round modified Delphi process to gather expert consensus on the effectiveness and implementability of state-level opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment policies. The study found that facilitated access to medications for OUD and automatic Medicaid enrollment for citizens returning from correctional settings were viewed as highly implementable and effective. However, policies such as hub-and-spoke-type policies and provision of financial incentives to emergency departments for treatment linkage faced implementation barriers due to feasibility and affordability. Coercive policies and policies imposing additional requirements on individuals with OUD were viewed as low-value policies.


EFO:0009726


NCIT:C70920


MONDO:0005473

The study investigates the role of jaw function, psychological factors, and chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) in the development of pain-related disability in patients with chronic Temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Data was collected from 400 participants with chronic TMD and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that jaw function is the strongest predictor of pain-related disability, followed by psychological unease and COPCs. The findings support the potential value of targeting physical therapy such as jaw exercise along with psychological interventions as multidisciplinary nonpharmacological therapeutic solutions.


MONDO:0024317

Chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs)


ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-070117-84


EFO:0009095