PR:000016977

The study investigates a new approach to pain management by indirectly regulating the NaV1.7 channel, which is crucial for pain sensation. The researchers found that blocking the addition of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) on the NaV1.7-interacting protein, CRMP2, inhibited NaV1.7 functions and reduced pain in rodents. A compound, 194, was identified that selectively engaged NaV1.7 in vitro and ex vivo. When orally administered, compound 194 demonstrated antinociceptive effects in models of acute and chronic pain, and showed synergy with other analgesics without causing addiction, rewarding properties, or neurotoxicity. The analgesic effect of 194 was found to be opioid receptor dependent.


UniProtKB:A0A1R4ABV0


MESH:D013457


UBERON:0002405

The study investigates the role of the immune system in pain regulation, focusing on the interaction between the immune system and the peripheral sensory nervous system. The research, conducted on rodents, reveals that T cells and macrophages can both enhance pain through proinflammatory mediators and promote pain resolution through anti-inflammatory mediators and endogenous opioids.


NCBIGene:9486897


NCIT:C158332


UniProtKB:A0A8H7HU83

Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels

involved in generation and progression of

The study discusses the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in the generation and progression of chronic pain. Despite being targeted by pharmaceutical companies for therapeutic purposes, TRP channel inhibitors have failed in clinical trials due to their thermoregulatory function. The study also highlights the emergence of Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) as potential pain therapeutics due to their regulation of exocytosis and pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters. It is suggested that BoNTs may also regulate the expression and function of TRP channels, which could explain their analgesic effects.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:122412801

Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels


UniProtKB:H9CNK9


NCBIGene:7223

The study investigates the role of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 4 (TRPC4) in pain and its potential as a target for migraine treatment. The researchers found that TRPC4 is highly expressed in trigeminal ganglia and its activation mediates not only itch but also pain. The small-molecule inhibitor ML204, a specific TRPC4 antagonist, significantly reduced migraine-like behaviors in mice after injection of nitroglycerin (NTG), a migraine inducer. Additionally, ML-204 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) protein levels in the plasma, which largely prevented the development of chronic migraine-like behavior.


NCBIGene:7223


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:49786978


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4510


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper discusses the potential of nanotechnology in pain management. Current pain treatments, which primarily rely on opioid analgesics, are unsatisfactory due to their life-threatening side effects and addictive properties. Nanomedicine could provide targeted treatments without these burdens. The paper highlights advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery to reduce side effects, gene therapy to address the source of pain, and nanomaterials-based scavenging to mediate pain signaling.


MONDO:0000675


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:122412801

The study investigates the role of Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors in reversing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). The researchers found that HDAC6 inhibitors can reverse CIPN by increasing macrophage-derived IL-10 signaling to IL-10 receptors on Advillin+ sensory neurons. This process helps to resolve mechanical hypersensitivity. Additionally, HDAC6 inhibitors can restore axonal mitochondrial health, which is independent of macrophages and IL-10 signaling.


UniProtKB:A0A0B5H157


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:122412801


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5460033


UniProtKB:A9JQD6

The study investigates the role of the voltage-gated sodium channel isoform NaV1.7 in transmitting pain signals. The researchers found that a small molecule inhibitor of CRMP2 SUMOylation, compound 194, selectively reduces NaV1.7 currents in DRG neurons across different species. This compound also reversed mechanical allodynia in a spared nerve injury and chemotherapy-induced model of neuropathic pain. The study further shows that oral administration of 194 reverses mechanical allodynia in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. The results suggest that 194 is a robust inhibitor of NaV1.7 function, effectively reducing pain associated with nerve injury.


MESH:D013457


MESH:D013457

Chemotherapy-induced model of neuropathic pain


UniProtKB:A0A1R4ABV0

Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents

reduces frequency and amplitude when knocked down

The study investigates the role of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) in neuropathic pain. The researchers found that knocking down CRMP2 in the spinal cord of rats reduced the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, but not spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents. A similar effect was observed when CRMP2 was conditionally knocked out from mouse neurons. However, knocking out CRMP2 from mouse astrocytes had no effect on synaptic transmission. The study concludes that CRMP2 is a key regulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission driving pain signaling and contributes to the transition of physiological pain into pathological pain.


UniProtKB:A0A1R4ABV0

contributes to the transition of physiological pain into pathological pain


UniProtKB:A0A1R4ABV0

knockout reduces frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents


UniProtKB:A0A1R4ABV0

knockout has no effect on synaptic transmission


GTOPDB:1575

The study investigates the analgesic mechanism of contulakin-G (CGX), a conotoxin peptide and neurotensin analogue. The researchers hypothesized that CGX produces antinociception through the activation of the presynaptic neurotensin receptor (NTSR)2. The study found that intrathecal administration of CGX inhibited thermal and mechanical hypersensitivities in rodents. The inhibition of CGX was found to be dependent on the R-type voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav2.3) in sensory neurons. The study also found coexpression of NTSR2 and Cav2.3 in dorsal root ganglion neurons.


PR:000001416


UniProtKB:Q5U791

The study investigates the trafficking and signaling of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in colitis. Researchers generated knockin mice expressing PAR2 fused to monomeric ultrastable green fluorescent protein (muGFP). The PAR2-muGFP was found to be expressed in epithelial cells of the small and large intestine and in subsets of enteric and dorsal root ganglia neurons. In healthy mice, PAR2-muGFP was prominently localized to the basolateral membrane of colonocytes. However, in mice with colitis, PAR2-muGFP was depleted from the plasma membrane of colonocytes and redistributed to early endosomes. PAR2 agonists stimulated endocytosis of PAR2 and recruitment of Gαq, Gαi, and β-arrestin to early endosomes of T84 colon carcinoma cells. Knockdown of dynamin-2 (Dnm2), the major colonocyte isoform, and Dnm inhibition attenuated PAR2 endocytosis, signaling complex assembly and colonic inflammation and hyperalgesia.


UniProtKB:Q5U791


PR:000006603


UniProtKB:A0A9L0SH84

The study reveals that the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from mouse cutaneous trigeminal fibers targets CLR/RAMP1 on surrounding Schwann cells to evoke periorbital mechanical allodynia. The activation of CLR/RAMP1 in human and mouse Schwann cells generates signals from endosomes that evoke cAMP-dependent formation of nitric oxide (NO). NO, by gating Schwann cell transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), releases reactive oxygen species (ROS), which sustain allodynia via nociceptor TRPA1. A CLR/RAMP1 antagonist encapsulated into nanoparticles provides superior inhibition of CGRP signaling and allodynia in mice.


NCBIGene:25315703


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:71312192


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:145068


NCBIGene:828226


CHEBI:26523


NCBIGene:18479463


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826

The study investigates the mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance (OT) and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) in the gastrointestinal tract. Chronic administration of morphine in mice led to tolerance and evidence of OIH, which was inhibited by the δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) antagonist naltrindole. The pronociceptive actions of opioids were blocked by the DOPr antagonist SDM25N but not the MOPr antagonist D-Pen-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2. The hyperexcitability induced by DAMGO was reversed after a 1 h washout, but reapplication of low concentrations of DAMGO or [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-Enkephalin restored the hyperexcitability, an effect mediated by protein kinase C. DOPr-dependent DRG neuron hyperexcitability was blocked by the endocytosis inhibitor Pitstop 2, and the weakly internalizing DOPr agonist ARM390 did not cause hyperexcitability. The study concludes that chronic high-dose opioid exposure leads to opioid tolerance and features of OIH in the colon, mediated by DOPr signaling and dependent on receptor endocytosis and downstream protein kinase C signaling.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826


GTOPDB:1641


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:16741282


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462471


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:71312121


HP:0005415

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN)

The study found that the resolution of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a type of chronic pain, depends on CD8+ T cells and IL-10 produced by other cells. Specifically, CD8+ T cells producing IL-13 were required for resolution of CIPN. The study also found that cell damage induced by cisplatin activated TIM3 on CD8+ T cells, leading to increased IL-13 production, which in turn induced macrophage IL-10 production and resolution of CIPN.


HP:0005415


NCBIGene:3596


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5460033


PR:000008454


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:439302

The study investigates the role of Oxytocin (OT) in pain-related disorders, specifically in the comorbidity of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The research used a rat model with masseter muscle inflammation and forced swim stress to mimic the comorbidity of TMD and FMS. The study found that spinal administration of OT reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in the rats' hindpaws. The protein levels of OT receptors and 5-HT2A receptors in the L4-L5 spinal dorsal horn increased after OT injection. The analgesic effect of OT was blocked by the OT receptor antagonist atosiban or the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ritanserin, suggesting that OT may inhibit pain through OT receptors and/or 5-HT2A receptors.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:439302


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5311010


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5074


MONDO:0100095

Enduring stress-induced hyperalgesia (ESIH)

The study investigates the role of FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) in enduring stress-induced hyperalgesia (ESIH), a condition often leading to chronic pain after severe stress exposure. The research used an animal model of traumatic stress exposure and administered SAFit2, a specific inhibitor of FKBP51, at different times relative to stress exposure. The results showed that immediate administration of SAFit2 after stress exposure completely reversed ESIH for more than seven days. However, delayed administration had less effect, and administration 120 hours after stress exposure had no effect. The study suggests that FKBP51 plays a time-dependent role in ESIH pathogenesis and that early inhibition of FKBP51 after traumatic stress could prevent ESIH.


MONDO:0005146

Enduring stress-induced hyperalgesia (ESIH)


NCBIGene:2289

Chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain (CMP)

The study investigates the vulnerability factors for chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain (CMP). It was found that the interaction between FKBP5 genetic risk and right hippocampal volume was associated with CMP severity. Furthermore, the severity of childhood trauma was found to moderate the relationship between FKBP5 genetic risk, right hippocampal brain volume, and CMP.


EFO:0005035


EFO:0007979

moderates the relationship with FKBP5 genetic risk and Hippocampal volume


OMIM:164170

The study found that voluntary wheel running before nerve injury can prevent chronic pain in both male and female rats. This is achieved by maintaining redox balance after sciatic nerve injury. The study showed that 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running reduces neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury. This reduction was linked to decreased nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, a marker for peroxynitrite, at the injury site. The study also found that voluntary wheel running increases superoxide scavenging by increasing the expression of superoxide dismutases 1 and 2. The prevention of neuropathic pain was also associated with the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master transcriptional regulator of the antioxidant response. The protective effects of voluntary wheel running were mediated by Nrf2, as suppression was abolished when Nrf2 activation was blocked during the 6-week running phase.


OMIM:164170


UniProtKB:A0A7D5HQP4


UniProtKB:A0A9L0SH84

The study investigates the role of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraine pathophysiology. The researchers injected CGRP directly into the medial cerebellar nuclei (MN) of C57BL/6J mice and observed behaviors that are indicative of migraine-like symptoms. The results showed that CGRP injection caused light aversion, increased anxiety, tactile hypersensitivity, and spontaneous pain. The effects were more pronounced in female mice. The study suggests that the cerebellum, particularly the MN, might be a site of CGRP action contributing to migraine-like hypersensitivity.


UniProtKB:A0A9L0SH84


UBERON:0002037


UniProtKB:A0A9L0SH84

The study investigates the expression of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the calcitonin receptor (CTR) in the trigeminal ganglia, a key site in craniofacial pain and migraine. The research found that both CGRP and CTR are expressed in 30-40% of trigeminal ganglia neurons in rats, mice, and humans. The study also found that CGRP and CTR are primarily colocalized in small to medium sized neurons, suggesting that CGRP could act in an autocrine manner through a CTR-based receptor, such as the AMY1 receptor. This suggests that a trigeminal ganglia CTR-based receptor may be activated during migraine and could therefore represent a potential target to develop treatments for craniofacial pain and migraine.


UniProtKB:Q03560


GO:0061551


HP:0033792

The study investigates the role of spinal CCK1 receptors in somatic pain hypersensitivity caused by temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The research found that unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC), a type of TMD, can induce somatic pain hypersensitivity. This hypersensitivity is promoted by the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor-mediated descending facilitation system through neuron-glia cell signaling cascade. The expression levels of CCK1 receptors, interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-18 receptors (IL-18R) were significantly up-regulated in the L4 to L5 spinal dorsal horn at 4 weeks post UAC. The study suggests that CCK1 receptor-dependent descending facilitation may mediate central mechanisms underlying the development of widespread somatic pain via a reciprocal neuron-glial signaling cascade.


PR:000005110


PR:000001216


NCBIGene:317756

The study investigates the role of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in chronic bladder conditions such as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). The researchers found TGR5 mRNA expression in all layers of the bladder, lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and isolated bladder-innervating DRG neurons in mice. The synthetic TGR5 agonist CCDC directly activated a sub-population of bladder-innervating DRG neurons, which was diminished in Trpv1-/- but not Trpa1-/- DRG neurons. The study also showed that both endogenous and synthetic TGR5 agonists enhanced afferent mechanosensitivity to bladder distension. The enhanced mechanosensitivity induced by CCDC was absent in Gpbar1-/- mice, indicating a role for the TGR5 receptor in mediating bladder afferent hypersensitivity to distension.


NCBIGene:317756


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44592018


NCBIGene:317756

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS)


MONDO:0010150

Peripheral sympathetic and sensory nerves

The study investigates the relationship between pain and sympathetic neurotransmission in oral cancer. It was found that human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors and mouse tumor tissue are innervated by peripheral sympathetic and sensory nerves. β-adrenergic 1 and 2 receptors (β-ARs) are overexpressed in human oral cancer cell lines, and norepinephrine treatment increased β-AR2 protein expression and cancer cell proliferation. The study also found that norepinephrine-treated cancer cell lines secrete more tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), which increases nociceptive behavior. This behavior was reduced during systemic β-adrenergic inhibitory treatment with propranolol. Additionally, chemical sympathectomy using guanethidine led to a significant reduction in tumor size and nociceptive behavior.


UniProtKB:E7QT22


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:439260


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4946

orofacial cancer-induced nociceptive behavior


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3518


EFO:0009510

The study identifies a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), named nerve injury-specific lncRNA (NIS-lncRNA), that is upregulated in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) in response to nerve injury. This upregulation is triggered by an increase in DRG ELF1, a transcription factor that binds to the NIS-lncRNA promoter. The upregulation of NIS-lncRNA leads to an increase in CCL2 expression, which in turn increases excitability in DRG neurons and produces neuropathic pain symptoms. The study suggests that NIS-lncRNA promotes the binding of the RNA-interacting protein FUS to the Ccl2 promoter, thereby augmenting Ccl2 transcription in injured DRGs. Blocking the upregulation of NIS-lncRNA attenuates nerve injury-induced CCL2 increase and nociceptive hypersensitivity, suggesting that NIS-lncRNA could be a potential target in neuropathic pain management.


NCBIGene:2543082


NCBIGene:102637887


UniProtKB:M4IRL4


NCBIGene:233908


MONDO:0006685

The study investigates the relationship between prenatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury, which can cause cerebral palsy (CP), and changes in spinal nociceptive circuitry. The research was conducted on New Zealand White rabbit kits and found that HI caused an expansion of peptidergic afferents (marked by expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide) in both the superficial and deep dorsal horn. Non-peptidergic nociceptive afferent arborization was unaltered in HI kits, but overlap of the two populations (peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors) was increased by HI. Mechanical and thermal nociception was enhanced in HI kits even in the absence of motor deficits. The findings suggest that prenatal HI injury impacts spinal sensory pathways in addition to the more well-established disruptions to descending motor circuits.


MONDO:0006685


PR:000003237

The study found that the scaffolding protein 14-3-3γ mediates the long-term inhibition of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling in peripheral pain-sensing neurons. This inhibition is a potential barrier for the development of peripherally-restricted KOR agonists that produce analgesia. The protein 14-3-3γ is upregulated in peripheral sensory neurons following activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) with the KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI). Knockdown of 14-3-3γ eliminates the long-term reduction in KOR-mediated cAMP signaling by norBNI in peripheral sensory neurons. Overexpression of 14-3-3γ in KOR expressing CHO cells prevented KOR-mediated inhibition of cAMP signaling.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5480230


PR:000003237

inhibits when overexpressed in KOR expressing CHO cells


UniProtKB:B8PQ42

more sensitive to in context of migraine-like behaviors

The study reviews the pharmacology of the calcitonin peptide family of receptors and their relationship to migraine and current migraine therapies. The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its signaling are used in clinical treatments for migraine. However, the study suggests that other peptides in the calcitonin family, such as amylin and adrenomedullin, may also be linked to migraine. The study also suggests that females may be more sensitive to amylin and CGRP in the context of migraine-like behaviors. The study emphasizes that receptors related to, but distinct from, the canonical CGRP receptor may represent underappreciated and novel drug targets.


PR:000004969


UBERON:0001016

The paper discusses the role of interoception in maintaining physiological status and metabolic homeostasis. It highlights that skeletal metabolism is tightly regulated by the nervous system and that skeletal interoception regulates bone homeostasis. The study also discusses the effects of interoception on the skeleton and whole-body metabolism, and its regulation in the context of pathological conditions and skeletal pain.


UBERON:0014892


NCBIGene:490404

The study found that deleting the Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase A (TrkA) in sensory neurons of mice eliminates pain associated with Osteoarthritis (OA). This is achieved through the intervention of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)/TrkA in peripheral sensitization.


NCBIGene:490404


PR:000011194


EFO:0009510

The study found that peripheral nerve injury sensitizes a complex network of spinal cord dorsal horn neurons, leading to allodynia and neuropathic pain. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor-expressing interneuron (Y1-IN) population is identified as a potential target for drug development. The study showed that nerve injury enhanced the excitability of Y1-INs and caused allodynia and affective pain. The study also found that chemogenetic inhibition of Y1-INs or intrathecal administration of a Y1-selective agonist reduced allodynia. The deletion of Npy1r in dorsal horn neurons prevented the anti-hyperalgesic effects of the intrathecal Y1 agonist, suggesting that spinal Y1-INs are necessary for the behavioral symptoms of neuropathic pain.


EFO:0009510


PR:000011387


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:24800709


NCBIGene:4886


NCBIGene:102637887

The study investigates the effect of nerve injury-specific long non-coding RNA (NIS-lncRNA) antisense oligonucleotides on neuropathic pain caused by nerve trauma, chemotherapy, or diabetes. The results show that intrathecal injection of NIS-lncRNA antisense oligonucleotides mitigates neuropathic pain without causing cellular toxicity. This is achieved by blocking the increased expression of NIS-lncRNA and C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and reducing hyperactivities of neurons and astrocytes in the spinal cord dorsal horn. The findings suggest potential clinical application of NIS-lncRNA antisense oligonucleotides for neuropathic pain management.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:16197676


NCBIGene:102637887


EFO:0000246

The study used latent class analyses (LCA) to identify patterns of substance use and arrest histories among people living with HIV (PLWH). Five classes of substance users and three classes of arrest history were identified. Demographic variables such as age and ethnicity were associated with class membership for some of the latent classes. Participation in substance use treatment was significantly associated with membership in all classes in both substance use and arrest history LCA models. The findings suggest that HIV intervention strategies may need to consider these nuanced differences.


CHEBI:30879

The study analyzed data from 2000 adult primary care patients to understand the prevalence and patterns of multiple substance use disorders (SUDs). The study found that multiple SUDs were common among participants with alcohol, cannabis, prescription opioids, cocaine, and heroin use disorders. Factors such as being male, aged 26-34, less educated, and unemployed were associated with increased odds of having multiple SUDs. The study also identified three classes of patients based on their SUDs prevalence. The findings suggest that primary care physicians should consider the possibility of multiple SUDs when planning treatment, especially for certain demographic groups.


UNII:A718Z7DA1K


RXCUI:216284


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:446220


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


MESH:D062789


EFO:0010702

The study analyzed national trends and characteristics of inpatient detoxification for drug use disorders (DUDs) in the United States from 2003 to 2011. It was found that there was no significant yearly change in the rate of inpatient drug-detoxification hospitalizations during this period. The majority of these patients were aged 35-64 years, males, and those on Medicaid. Only 13% received detoxification plus rehabilitation during inpatient care, and up to 14% were discharged against medical advice (DAMA). The most common diagnoses were opioid use disorder (OUD; 75%) and non-addiction mental health disorders (48%). Being on Medicaid and having OUD were associated with decreased odds of receiving detoxification plus rehabilitation, as well as increased odds of DAMA.


MONDO:0002025


EFO:0009726

complex influence on treatment engagement

The study investigates the use of financial incentives in Project HOPE, a program that combines patient navigation and contingency management to engage HIV-positive patients with HIV and substance use treatment. The study found that patient navigators believed financial incentives were effective in motivating participant attendance at navigation sessions, especially early in the study, and positively influenced targeted HIV health-related behaviors. However, the use of contingency management for substance use-related behaviors was more complex, and not all participants responded the same way to the incentives.


ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-070117-2510

The study found that the introduction of Oregon's Coordinated Care Organization (CCO) model and Medicaid expansion led to an increase in treatment entry rates for alcohol use disorders from 35% in 2010 to 41% in 2015. The number of Medicaid enrollees diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder increased by about 150% from 10,360 in 2013 to 25,454 in 2014 following Medicaid expansion. The percentage of individuals with an alcohol use disorder who were prescribed medication to support recovery also increased from 2.3% in 2010 to 3.8% in 2015.


RXCUI:1150288


CHEBI:35482

The paper discusses the development of a quality improvement framework for the treatment of opioid use disorder in emergency departments. This framework was developed by experts from the National Institute on Drug Abuse's Center for the Clinical Trials Network, the American College of Emergency Physicians' Clinical Emergency Data Registry, and other federal agencies. The framework includes structural, process, and outcome measures to guide policy, research, and clinical quality improvement in the context of the opioid epidemic.


UBERON:4200044

National Institute on Drug Abuse's Center for the Clinical Trials Network


NCIT:C100032

American College of Emergency Physicians' Clinical Emergency Data Registry


UniProtKB:A0A9P3UUM2

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

The study compared the effectiveness of extended-release injectable suspension naltrexone (XR-naltrexone) and oral naltrexone, both combined with behavioral therapy, in treating opioid use disorder. The results showed that patients treated with XR-naltrexone had twice the rate of treatment retention at 6 months compared to those treated with oral naltrexone. This suggests that XR-naltrexone combined with behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for patients seeking opioid withdrawal and nonagonist treatment for preventing relapse to opioid use disorder.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44273477


MESH:D000085703


EFO:0004609


RXCUI:1551466

Extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX)

The study estimates the costs of providing extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX) and buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) following inpatient detoxification for opioid use disorders. The costs were derived from a multisite randomized controlled trial at 8 US community-based treatment programs. The mean start-up costs were $1071 per program for XR-NTX and $828 per program for BUP-NX. The mean costs per participant were $5416 for XR-NTX and $4148 for BUP-NX. The costs associated with medication management visits may be a barrier for some individuals considering these treatments.


MESH:D062789

The study found that opioid misuse or opioid use disorder (OUD) is more common among tobacco users, particularly those who are male, unemployed, or polydrug users. The data was collected from 2000 adult primary care patients across 5 clinics. Among past-year tobacco users, the prevalence of opioid misuse and OUD was 14.0% and 9.5%, respectively. Three subgroups of tobacco users were identified: a tobacco-minimal drug use group, a tobacco-cannabis use group, and a tobacco-opioid/polydrug use group.


UNII:A718Z7DA1K


MONDO:0002491

The study aimed to improve the prediction model for 30-day hospital readmissions among HIV-positive substance users. The researchers found that the inclusion of sociobehavioral variables, such as food insecurity and readiness for substance use treatment, significantly improved the prediction model's performance. This suggests that social determinants play a crucial role in readmission risk and should be considered in the model.


MONDO:0700226


HP:5200131


RXCUI:1044540

The study investigates the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the proportion of discharge against medical advice (DAMA) among hospitalizations due to substance use disorders (SUDs). The data was drawn from the 2012-2015 National Inpatient Samples. The study found that approximately 11% of SUD-involved hospitalizations were DAMA, with the highest frequency found among hospitalizations for primary opioid use disorder. Despite the increase in Medicaid coverage after ACA enactment, there was no significant change in the proportion of DAMA before and after ACA periods across various demographic groups and clinical conditions.


MONDO:0002494


MESH:D064307

The study investigated the impact of an internet-based version of the community reinforcement approach (CRA) plus contingency management on the social functioning of individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders. The study found no significant association between the treatment and overall social functioning or any subscale scores. However, being male was significantly associated with better social functioning at the end of treatment, and higher levels of psychological distress at baseline predicted worse social functioning at the end of treatment. The internet-based CRA did not result in greater improvements in social functioning compared to standard outpatient care after 12 weeks of treatment.


HP:0040308


HP:0032941


UBERON:2001059


NCIT:C92784

The study investigated the impact of medical mistrust on the health outcomes of 801 individuals with uncontrolled HIV infection and substance use co-morbidities. It was found that higher levels of physician mistrust, but not medical system mistrust, were associated with longer periods since the last visit to an HIV provider. This longer time since seeing an HIV care provider was linked to higher viral load.


MESH:C000711707

The study examined the natural course of prescription opioid use disorder and its treatment over time. The study found that opioid agonist treatment and mutual-help group attendance were most strongly associated with opioid abstinence. Outpatient counseling was not significantly associated with abstinence. The study recommends clinicians to consider both opioid agonist treatment and mutual-help group attendance for patients with opioid use disorder.


NCBIGene:76985565


HP:0012531

The study investigates the association between pain catastrophizing and pain-related outcomes in individuals with substance use disorders and chronic pain. Pain catastrophizing refers to the tendency to interpret pain as harmful, intolerable, or uncontrollable. The study found that greater pain catastrophizing was associated with more pain interference, higher levels of craving, more anxiety symptoms, and more days of mood difficulties, adjusted for demographic characteristics and pain severity. This suggests that pain catastrophizing could be a potential therapeutic target to improve substance use treatment outcomes.


HP:0012531


NCIT:C87038

The study aims to evaluate the impact of implementation facilitation (IF) on the adoption of emergency department (ED)-initiated buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (OUD). The study found that ED-initiated buprenorphine is effective in increasing patient engagement in treatment compared to brief intervention with a facilitated referral or referral alone. The study uses a hybrid type III effectiveness-implementation study design to evaluate the effectiveness of a standard educational dissemination strategy versus IF on implementation and effectiveness outcomes in four urban, academic EDs. The primary analyses compare the baseline evaluation period to the IF evaluation period on rates of provision of ED-initiated buprenorphine by ED providers with referral for ongoing medication and rates of patient engagement in addiction treatment on the 30th day after the ED visit.


NCIT:C176399

The study investigates the effect of increased regulation of hydrocodone-combination analgesics on opioid prescribing in an urban health care system. The data showed a significant decrease in the probability of providers prescribing hydrocodone-combination prescriptions (HCPs) after the regulation. However, there was a significant increase in the probability of codeine-combination and tramadol prescriptions. Chronic opioid therapy (COT) patients received more opioid prescriptions after the regulation. Despite the decline in HCPs, a third of patients prescribed opioids remained on doses ≥20 MME/day. The study suggests that physicians and health care systems need to reduce their reliance on opioids in treating pain, especially chronic pain.


NCIT:C176399


NCIT:C165593


UNII:A718Z7DA1K

The study evaluated the effectiveness of integrating care for cannabis and other drug use disorders into primary care. The implementation strategies included practice coaching, electronic health record decision support, and performance feedback. The study found that the proportion of patients diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (CUD) significantly increased after the implementation of the new strategies. However, the proportion of patients treated for newly diagnosed CUDs did not increase. There was a small increase in the treatment of other drug use disorders (DUDs).


NCIT:C55555


RXCUI:727310

The study investigates the impact of the implementation of a Syringe Services Program (SSP) on the disposal practices of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Miami, Florida. The results showed a significant decrease in the number of improperly discarded syringes in public places after the implementation of the SSP. The study found a 49% decrease in improperly discarded syringes post-implementation, and the adjusted relative risk of improper syringe disposal was 39% lower post-implementation.


RXCUI:727310


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study reviews pharmacists' attitudes towards dispensing naloxone and medications for opioid use disorder (OUD), such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. The results show that pharmacists generally agree with a naloxone standing order and believe that naloxone should be dispensed to individuals at risk of an opioid overdose. They also support dispensing buprenorphine. However, some pharmacists expressed negative attitudes. The main barriers to implementation include education and training, workflow, and management support.


EFO:0009726

The study investigates the impact of financial incentives on substance use abatement in HIV patients with substance use disorders (SUD). The study found that patient navigation with contingency management (PN + CM), where patients could earn financial incentives for entering SUD treatment and for submitting negative samples for opioids, stimulants, and alcohol, resulted in a higher percentage of patients entering SUD treatment and submitting samples for drug testing. Furthermore, up to 58% of those with high rates of engagement in activities were virally suppressed at 6 months in the PN + CM group.


EFO:0009726


MONDO:0002025

The study investigates the factors associated with the initiation of Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) in primary care. The study found that patients with psychiatric diagnoses or tobacco use had higher odds of initiating MAT. However, uninsured, Medicaid, and Medicare patients had lower odds than those commercially insured. Additionally, older patients, non-Hispanic white patients, patients with diabetes, and patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed lower odds of initiation. The study concludes that the addition of behavioral health did not eliminate disparities in care.


MONDO:0008575


RXCUI:581660


MONDO:0005015


MONDO:0004979


MONDO:0005002


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095

The study aimed to identify factors associated with buprenorphine treatment utilization over time in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). The study found that approximately 9.3-11.2% of participants utilized buprenorphine treatment over the 2 years of follow-up. The study found that individuals who perceived buprenorphine to be both accessible and acceptable were most likely to use buprenorphine during follow-up. In contrast, individuals who perceived buprenorphine to be unacceptable were least likely to use buprenorphine, regardless of the level of perceived access to the medication. Buprenorphine treatment utilization was also negatively associated with Hispanic ethnicity, West coast context, and cumulative months receiving methadone treatment and incarceration during follow-up.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345

The study examines the experiences and perspectives of emergency personnel in New Hampshire (NH) in treating opioid overdoses, particularly those involving fentanyl-laced heroin. The potency and inconsistency of such drugs were identified as primary drivers of overdose. The increase in overdose-related encounters has led to emotional toll on emergency personnel, with feelings of burnout, exhaustion, and helplessness reported. The personnel expressed mixed feelings about harm reduction strategies like syringe services programs and frustration with barriers to treatment referral. They recommended immediate treatment access after overdose events and interventions addressing trauma and burnout.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study investigates the barriers to the use and acceptance of naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal medication, in New Hampshire, USA. The study was conducted through interviews with opioid users and emergency responders. The main barriers identified were perceptions that increased naloxone availability may enable riskier opioid use and fails to address the underlying causes of addiction. Other barriers included cost, legality, and lack of knowledge regarding distribution locations and indications for use.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study aimed to understand the frequency and intensity of suicidal motivations and perceived overdose risk among individuals admitted for opioid use disorder detoxification/stabilization. The study found that over half of the participants reported some desire to die prior to their most recent opioid overdose, with 36% reporting a strong desire to die and 21% reporting a definite desire to die. Perceptions of overdose risk were also variable, with 30% reporting no likelihood of overdose and 13% reporting a high likelihood. The study concludes that suicidal motivation prior to opioid overdose is common and falls along a continuum of severity.


EFO:0010702


EFO:0010702

The study reports on the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and its treatment with buprenorphine among primary care patients in six large health systems in the U.S. The study found that among 1,368,604 primary care patients, 1.0% had documented OUD, and among these, 21.0% had OUD treatment with buprenorphine. The study also found disparities in OUD treatment across demographic and clinical characteristics, with less buprenorphine treatment among those with greater acute care utilization.


MONDO:0004781


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:135036

The study investigates the factors associated with the initiation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and alcohol use disorder (MAUD) during hospitalization. The study found that past methadone maintenance treatment, homelessness, and partner substance use were positively associated with MOUD/MAUD initiation. However, concurrent methamphetamine use disorder was negatively associated with MOUD/MAUD initiation. The findings suggest that hospitalization may be an opportunity to reach highly-vulnerable people and emphasize the need for hospital-based addictions care.


NCBIGene:172140


EFO:0010445


NCIT:C82562

improves screening, identification, and treatment of

The paper discusses the development of a clinical decision support (CDS) algorithm to improve screening, identification, and treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in primary care settings. The CDS algorithm was reviewed and revised by addiction specialists and primary care providers. The authors suggest that a CDS tool for OUD screening, assessment, and treatment within primary care systems may help address the current epidemic of opioid misuse and overdose.


RXCUI:216284

The study investigates the sources of misused prescription opioids and their association with prescription opioid use disorder (POUD) in the United States, with a focus on sex and age differences. The most common sources of misused prescription opioids were found to be friends/relatives and physicians. Males were more likely to buy opioids from friends/relatives or drug dealers/strangers than females. The study found that buying opioids from drug dealers/strangers was a strong predictor of POUD in both sexes. The study suggests that prevention and treatment programs for POUD should consider sex and developmental age differences in sources of opioids.


HP:0008185

more likely to buy from friends/relatives or drug dealers/strangers


HP:0000868

less likely to buy from friends/relatives or drug dealers/strangers


RXCUI:216284


EFO:0010702

The study investigated the association between medication treatments for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and pain. The study involved a randomized trial of methadone versus buprenorphine/naloxone on 1241 individuals with OUD. The results showed that almost half of the participants reported pain at baseline. However, there was no significant difference in pain improvement between the two treatment arms. Improvement in pain early in treatment was associated with a greater likelihood of retention in treatment.


EFO:0003843

no significant improvement with treatment


EFO:0003843


EFO:0003843

improvement associated with increased treatment retention


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345

The study investigates the high rates of fentanyl-related overdose deaths in New Hampshire (NH), which are more than three times the national average. The majority of the participants had knowingly used fentanyl, with 70% reporting at least one overdose. Most participants stated that most heroin available in NH was laced with fentanyl, which increased the risk of overdose. Despite acknowledging that fentanyl is the primary cause of overdoses, individuals continue to use it due to high availability and limited access to prevention, treatment, and harm reduction programs. The study suggests that policies targeting innovative prevention, harm reduction, and treatment efforts are needed to address the crisis.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


MONDO:0024317

The study analyzed electronic health record data from 2013 to 2018 among adults aged ≥18 years in a large academic healthcare system to understand the association of Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) with substance use disorder (SUD). The prevalence of CNCP was 46.6% and any SUD was 11.2%. The majority of patients with a SUD had CNCP. The presence of CNCP was associated with more mental health disorders and chronic medical conditions among each SUD group. CNCP was associated with significantly decreased odds of overdose among those with opioid use disorder but increased odds of overdose and healthcare utilization among other SUDs. The direction and magnitude of the association between CNCP and negative health indicators differed as a function of SUD type and gender.


MONDO:0024317


MONDO:0024317

Alcohol or non-opioid drug use disorders


MESH:C069856

The study compared the Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) self-report method and Oral Fluid Testing (OFT) for detecting substance use in adult primary care patients. The substances tested included marijuana, heroin, cocaine, and non-medical use of prescription opioids. The overall concordance rates between TLFB and OFT were 94.9% or higher for each substance. However, marijuana was the only substance with lower detection on OFT than self-report. Cocaine, prescription opioids, and heroin all had higher detection via OFT than TLFB. The study suggests that researchers should consider the implications of using either self-report or oral fluid testing in isolation, depending on the substance and collection setting.


UBERON:0000913


MONDO:0005367

The study examined patterns of substance use among participants newly enrolled in a syringe services program (SSP) in Florida. A three-class solution was found: Heroin-Dominant class (73.9%), Methamphetamine-Dominant class (9.5%) and Heroin/Cocaine class (16.6%). The Heroin/Cocaine class were more likely to report homelessness, sharing works, unprotected sex, public injection, and to be Hepatitis C (HCV) positive. The Methamphetamine-Dominant class were more likely to be male, Hispanic, gay or bisexual orientation, HIV positive, to report unprotected sex and sex with people who inject drugs (PWID). The lowest and highest syringe coverage were among those in the Heroin/Cocaine and Methamphetamine-Dominant classes, respectively. The study suggests that multi-component, targeted preventive interventions and need-based syringe distribution policies are required to further reduce HIV and HCV risk among various PWID populations.


UBERON:5102544

The study investigates the effects of individual counseling, group therapy, and 12-Step participation on illicit opioid abstinence in individuals diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). The study found that hours of individual counseling and 12-Step participation significantly predicted abstinence at follow-up. However, hours of group therapy did not significantly predict illicit opioid abstinence. The study also found that participant age and employment status were significant predictors of illicit opioid abstinence.


NCBIGene:35425


HP:0011420


EFO:0005241


RXCUI:730021

The "Women and Trauma" Study (WTS) conducted in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN-0015) has significantly contributed to the field of trauma and addictions. The study has increased awareness of the need for a focused approach to treating trauma issues in women with substance use disorders (SUD) and trauma histories. The study has also inspired community treatment programs to train staff to identify and provide trauma-related services. The impact of the study is also evident in the number of citations of its publications.


RXCUI:730021


RXCUI:730021

inspired to train staff for trauma-related services


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) has been promoting the translation of evidence-based interventions from substance use disorder (SUD) research into clinical practices. A project was conducted involving CTN-affiliated practice-based research networks (PBRNs) to study aspects of opioid prescribing in primary care. The study found that 22.9% of adult patients were prescribed opioid medications, and 52.1% of those were also prescribed a sedative in the same year. The study also found that 98.1% of practices had formal written treatment agreements for chronic opioid therapy, but only 24.1% were providing buprenorphine for OUD. The results highlight the need for interventions and additional policies addressing opioid prescribing in primary care practice.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:2451


HP:0031917

The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) has been utilizing digital technologies to better understand and treat substance use disorders (SUDs). This includes the use of digital screeners for SUDs in general medical settings, a multi-site clinical trial that led to the first "prescription digital therapeutic" authorized by the FDA for SUD treatment, the use of telehealth for SUD treatment in rural and under-resourced communities, and the detection of cocaine-taking behavior via smartwatch sensing. The CTN has also conducted clinical trials entirely online and is working on identifying digital biomarkers and understanding the clinical trajectories of individuals receiving medications for opioid use disorder (OUD).


REACT:R-CFA-5693548


MONDO:0030057

digital health technologies and data analytics

used to understand clinical trajectories


MONDO:0002494

The study investigates the impact of substance use disorders (SUDs) on the use of primary care services and outcomes of chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. The study found that patients with SUDs and co-occurring chronic conditions visited providers more frequently and were more likely to be prescribed opioid medications. However, the outcomes of their chronic conditions were not different from patients without SUDs. Despite the higher visit rates, most patients with SUDs and chronic conditions did not see co-located behavioral health providers. The study suggests that care pathway innovations for SUDs that include greater utilization of evidence-informed co-treatment of SUDs and chronic conditions within primary care settings may be necessary for improving care overall for patients with comorbid SUDs and chronic conditions.


MONDO:0002494


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:51346160

The study conducted a Health IT survey within the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network to assess the completeness and structure of data from electronic health records (EHRs) for substance use disorders (SUDs) research. The survey revealed that all surveyed facilities used EHRs, with 17 different platforms or vendors identified. However, 76.5% of facilities also used paper records for clinical care, and 17.6% used a separate EHR for behavioral health care, including SUD care. The study highlights the need for further development, integration, and standardization of EHRs, particularly for SUD treatment, to facilitate research across different healthcare systems.


MESH:C092304


NCIT:C55555


RXCUI:199271

The study analyzed the administration of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) during hospitalization in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). It was found that few admissions received OAT, and when provided, it was most often for withdrawal management. The frequency of OAT delivery varied across hospitals. Patients with pre-admission OAT, acute opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis, and male gender had increased odds of OAT receipt. Patients who received non-OAT opioids or underwent surgical procedures had decreased odds of OAT receipt. Large and medium-sized hospitals were more likely to provide OAT.


NCIT:C143869


RXCUI:240725

The study investigates the readiness of emergency department (ED) clinicians to initiate buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). The findings suggest that only a small percentage of clinicians are ready to initiate such treatment. Barriers to readiness include lack of training and experience, concerns about ongoing care, and competing needs for ED resources. Facilitators include education and training, development of local protocols, and feedback on patient experiences and care quality gaps.


MONDO:0006846


EFO:0010702

The study examined the differences in clinical characteristics between emerging adults (≤25 years) and older adults (26+ years) with opioid use disorder (OUD). It was found that the differences were similar across genders. However, women aged 26+ years reported more mental health problems compared to women aged ≤25, while men aged ≤25 years reported more mental health problems compared to men aged 26+ years. The study suggests that different strategies for OUD treatment may be necessary to address psychiatric comorbidities that differ across genders.


EFO:0009706


MONDO:0002009

The study found that a lifetime diagnosis of major depressive disorder was the best predictor of successful opioid use outcome in the Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study (POATS). The study also found that while depressive symptoms decreased significantly throughout treatment, this improvement was not associated with opioid outcomes. Reporting a goal of opioid abstinence at treatment entry was also not associated with outcomes. However, mutual-help group participation was associated with good treatment outcomes. Despite these findings, a history of depression remained associated with good opioid outcomes.


NCIT:C55447

improvement not associated with use outcome


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6321408


MONDO:0002009


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10078548

The study examined the effects of initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the hospital for persons living with HIV and substance use disorder (SUD). It was found that initiating ART in the hospital was associated with increased linkage to HIV care and frequency of outpatient care visits at 6 and 12 months. However, there was no association between hospital ART initiation and retention and viral suppression over a 12-month period. The study suggests that starting ART in the hospital is beneficial for increasing linkage to HIV care and frequency of visits for PLWH and SUD.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10078548


EFO:0010702

The study investigates the prevalence of multiple drug use disorders (DUDs) among inpatient hospitalizations in the United States. Data from the 2016 National Inpatient Sample showed that approximately 50.1% of drug-involved hospitalizations had multiple DUD diagnoses. Opioid use disorder accounted for 58.6% of these hospitalizations, with 51.2% of these having multiple DUD diagnoses. The most common secondary DUD diagnoses among opioid-involved hospitalizations were cocaine, cannabis, and sedatives. Factors such as being aged 18-25 years, living in low-income areas, and having a secondary diagnosis of mental disorders or tobacco/alcohol use disorder were associated with increased odds of having multiple DUD diagnoses.


EFO:0010702


RXCUI:378762

The study compared the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) in treating opioid use disorder (OUD) among Black adults. The results showed no significant preference for either treatment. However, only 59.5% of those assigned to XR-NTX successfully started the medication compared to 91.6% for BUP-NX. No significant differences were found in treatment retention or relapse rates between the two groups. Despite a significant initiation hurdle with XR-NTX, both medications were similar in effectiveness once started, but dropout rates were high.


NCBITaxon:11149

The study aimed to predict the occurrence of opioid use disorder (OUD) in 25-year-olds based on data collected when they were 16. The researchers used two measures: the transmissible liability index (TLI), which measures heritable risk, and the consumption frequency index (CFI), which documents substance use events. The study found that the TLI and CFI at 16 years of age could predict OUD at 25 years with 86% accuracy. These measures also mediated the association between parental substance use disorder and OUD in offspring, indicating their effectiveness in evaluating risk and prodrome.


HP:0003337


NCBITaxon:11149


EFO:0010702

The paper discusses the Stepped Care for Opioid Use Disorder Train the Trainer (SCOUTT) Initiative, which was launched by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to increase access to Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) within non-SUD care settings. MOUD, which includes methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, is the gold standard treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Despite its effectiveness, only a third of all Veterans diagnosed with OUD received MOUD by 2017. The SCOUTT Initiative aims to increase MOUD prescribing in VHA primary care, mental health, and pain clinics by training providers on how to provide MOUD and facilitating its implementation.


EFO:0010702

Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD)


NCIT:C154947

Stepped Care for Opioid Use Disorder Train the Trainer (SCOUTT) Initiative


MONDO:0100096

The paper discusses the effectiveness of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD), such as methadone and buprenorphine, in treating Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and reducing overdose risk. However, the treatment rates remain low in the US, and access to such treatments is becoming increasingly difficult due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper suggests that community pharmacies could be a solution to this problem, as they have been in Canada, Australia, and Europe. However, US pharmacists are currently not allowed to prescribe MOUD and can only dispense methadone for pain treatment, not OUD. The paper calls for policy changes to allow US pharmacists to prescribe and dispense MOUD.


MESH:D064307


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10836

The study examined the presence of methamphetamine in toxicology tests among outpatients in Boston, Massachusetts over a 6-year period. The study found that the presence of methamphetamine, cocaine, and fentanyl in oral fluid samples increased over the study period, while the presence of 6-MAM, a metabolite of heroin, decreased. In 2019, 15.7% of samples had fentanyl present. Polysubstance use was common, with 44% of samples with methamphetamine also showing cocaine or benzoylecgonine, 25% showed fentanyl, and 3% showed 6-MAM presence.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:446220


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345


EFO:0011015

The study investigates the dental care utilization of people living with HIV (PLWH) who also have substance use disorders. The study found that over half of the participants did not receive any dental care. Factors such as lower education, lack of health insurance, and living in Southern states were associated with lower odds of dental care utilization. Interestingly, higher food insecurity was associated with recent dental care utilization.


EFO:0009724


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44564017


MONDO:0700226


HP:0003110

The study examined the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) who were seeking treatment. The participants were divided into two groups: those responsive to pharmacotherapy (82.3%) and those sensitive to characteristics (17.7%). The pharmacotherapy responsive group showed short-term HRQoL improvement and stability over time, with a positive association between HRQoL and receiving pharmacotherapy in the past 30 days. The characteristic sensitive group showed initial HRQoL improvement with a gradual decline over time, with no significant HRQoL response to pharmacotherapy. The study suggests that while pharmacotherapy can improve and sustain HRQoL for many individuals with OUD, a subpopulation may require additional services that address socioeconomic and psychosocial issues to achieve HRQoL benefits.


EFO:0006783


CHEBI:35338

The study found that 38% of emergency department patients with untreated opioid use disorder also used amphetamine-type stimulants. These patients were younger, more likely to be white, unemployed, have unstable housing, have a history of incarceration, be hepatitis C positive, and have reported drug injection in the month prior to the study. They were also less likely to have cocaine-positive urine tests and to seek treatment for substance use problems. The study suggests the need for improved screening, intervention, and referral protocols for these patients.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10836


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3007


MESH:C112124

The study examined the relative costs of different initial treatment strategies for newly diagnosed opioid use disorder (OUD). The six treatment pathways considered were Inpatient Detox/Rehabilitation Treatment Center, Behavioral Health Intensive, Methadone or Buprenorphine, Naltrexone, Behavioral Health Outpatient Services, and No Treatment. The study found that 94.8% of individuals received treatment within 90 days of diagnosis. The costs were lower for buprenorphine/methadone, naltrexone, and behavioral health outpatient, while costs were higher for inpatient detox.


NCIT:C55555


RXCUI:1551466

The study aimed to determine if gene variants in the opioid gene system are associated with better or worse treatment response in opioid use disorder (OUD). The treatments evaluated were sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) and extended-release injection naltrexone (XR-NTX). Four opioid gene variants were evaluated: mu opioid receptor 118A>G, 68-bp repeat in prodynorphin, prodynorphin SNP rs910080, and kappa opioid receptor SNP rs6473797. The study found no significant effects of gene variant on receiving first dose or last dose, and no significant gene variant by treatment interactions. The researchers concluded that the outcome of OUD treatment with medications is likely a complex function of multiple factors, including environmental, psychosocial, and possibly genetic.


NCBIGene:23889113


NCBIGene:37511


NCBIGene:780448


EFO:0010702

The study analyzed the effectiveness of medications for opioid use disorder in young adults (18-25 years) compared to older adults (≥26 years). The trial used extended-release naltrexone or sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone for 6 months. The results showed that young adults had higher relapse rates (70.3%) compared to older adults (58.2%). The study suggests that young adults may have vulnerabilities that increase their risk for treatment dropout and medication nonadherence, indicating a need for specialized, developmentally informed interventions.


EFO:0010702


NCIT:C168418


NCBITaxon:3482

The paper discusses the growing interest in using cannabis and cannabinoids for treating opioid use disorder (OUD). However, the evidence supporting this treatment is currently weak and does not justify listing cannabis or cannabinoids as a treatment for OUD. The authors suggest that further research is needed to explore the potential therapeutic applications of cannabis and cannabinoids in treating OUD, and that this research should be conducted with the same rigor as for all pharmaceutical products. Until more research is available, policy makers and clinicians should not portray cannabis and cannabinoids as evidence-based treatments for OUD.


CHEBI:67196


UNII:A718Z7DA1K

The study found that self-reported frequency of cannabis or other drug use was associated with subsequent acute care. Patients who reported using cannabis less than monthly or daily had a greater risk of acute care during follow-up than those reporting no use. Similarly, patients reporting other drug use less than monthly, weekly, or daily had a greater risk of acute care than those reporting no other drug use. The study suggests that population-based screening for cannabis and other drug use in primary care may help understand the risk of subsequent acute care.


MESH:C096910


HP:0030157

The study explores the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (PRP) in treating chronic pain and preventing opioid misuse. Data from 60 patients with various chronic pain conditions were evaluated for changes in pain, functioning, psychological symptoms, and health-related quality of life. The study found significant improvements in all outcomes, with a reduction in opioid use from 58% of patients at entry to 15% at discharge. The study supports PRP as an effective treatment for chronic pain and a preventive measure for reducing opioid-related risk.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


EFO:0009095


MONDO:0015085

Substance Use Intervention Team (SUIT) consultation service

The study investigates the impact of Addiction medicine consultation services (ACS) on the length of stay and discharge outcomes of hospitalized patients with substance use disorders (SUD). The study found that patients with SUD who received ACS had a shorter length of stay and a higher likelihood of routine discharge compared to those who did not receive ACS.


MONDO:0015085


RXCUI:378762

The study found that extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) is as safe and effective as sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) for treating opioid use disorder (OUD). However, initiating XR-NTX treatment is more difficult due to the detoxification hurdle. Patient-identified barriers to initiating XR-NTX treatment include unfamiliarity with antagonist treatment and ambivalence. Once initiated, XR-NTX is perceived as an effective treatment for maintaining abstinence from opioids, with its once-monthly dosing and no physical dependence being appealing to patients.


MESH:D000082662

The study investigates the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a non-invasive treatment for chronic pain in opiate users. The researchers compared the effects of TMS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the motor cortex (MC) in 22 individuals with chronic pain who were using prescription opiates. The results showed that MC stimulation significantly decreased pain interference more than DLPFC stimulation. Both sites had comparable effects on stress, pain, and discomfort, but MC stimulation had larger effects on pain interference and the urge to use opiates. This suggests that the MC may be a promising target for decreasing opiate dependence and pain interference among chronic pain patients.


MESH:D000082662


UBERON:0022316


UBERON:0009834


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper reviews the trends in opioid overdose rates in the United States from 1999 to 2018, attributing the rise of the overdose epidemic to the proliferation of opioid prescribing for chronic pain, changes in the heroin and illegally manufactured opioid synthetics markets, and social factors such as deindustrialization and concentrated poverty. The study also discusses how policies aimed at addressing the overdose epidemic may have reduced prescription opioid overdoses but increased overdoses involving illegal opioids. The paper suggests new research directions to understand the causes and solutions to this public health problem.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

The study evaluated a hospital-wide Substance Use Disorder (SUD) initiative over 5 years, which included an inpatient addiction consult team, Bridge Clinic, recovery coaches, and office-based addiction treatment nurses. The initiative saw 7,036 unique patients, with alcohol use disorder being the most common (62%), followed by opioid use disorder (54%). Co-occurring medical and psychiatric illnesses were common, with 35% having hepatitis C, 59% depression, 66% anxiety, and 13% schizophrenia. The initiative effectively initiated SUD pharmacotherapy with naltrexone and buprenorphine, with medication treatment episodes being longer with buprenorphine.


NCBITaxon:2955689

The paper discusses the development and early results of the Vulnerable Veteran Innovative Patient-Aligned Care Team (VIP) Initiative, a primary care model designed to address the needs of vulnerable patients in the Veterans Health Administration. The VIP model aims to manage substance use disorders, mental illness, social determinants of poor health, and complexities in care resulting from the co-occurrence of these conditions in a single, integrated primary care environment. The paper suggests that the VIP model holds promise as a novel approach to improve care for patients with addiction and other vulnerabilities.


NCBITaxon:2955689


EFO:0010702

The study analyzed the characteristics of emergency department (ED) patients with untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) and their interest in referral to substance use treatment. The data was collected from four EDs in Baltimore, New York City, Cincinnati, or Seattle. The study found that most patients with untreated OUD were not seeking a referral to substance use treatment. Those seeking a referral were less likely to have urine toxicology testing positive for amphetamine and methamphetamine.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3007


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10836


MONDO:0100096

necessitated changes in take-home policies of

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated significant changes in methadone take-home policies in opioid treatment programs (OTPs). These changes have affected clinical decision-making, equity in patient care, and workflow. The implications for medical ethics and patient autonomy are also discussed. The paper suggests future research to examine the impact of COVID-19 on OTP treatment and its patients, and the effect of making methadone take-home policies patient-centered.


MONDO:0100096


RXCUI:378762

The study conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial comparing extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) treatment for opioid use disorder. The analysis was based on urine testing data for non-study opioids from the last 22 weeks of the 24-week trial. The results suggested that XR-NTX appeared to be somewhat more effective than BUP-NX in reducing illicit opioid use in the per-protocol sample.


NCBITaxon:410657

used to understand and mitigate impact of COVID-19 on

The paper discusses the unique challenges faced by individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. It suggests the use of the social ecological model (SEM) to understand the interplay of individual, network, community, structural, and pandemic-level factors that can increase the risk of infection and associated morbidity and mortality for these individuals. The model can also guide research and implementation of interventions to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on individuals with OUD.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:33741

The study presents a drug repurposing strategy for opioid use disorders (OUD) and other substance use disorders (SUD). The strategy integrates computational prediction, clinical corroboration using electronic health records (EHRs) of over 72.9 million patients, and mechanisms of action analysis. The top-ranked repurposed candidate drugs, tramadol, olanzapine, mirtazapine, bupropion, and atomoxetine, were associated with increased odds of OUD remission. Genetic and functional analyses showed these five candidate drugs directly target multiple OUD-associated genes including BDNF, CYP2D6, OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1, HTR1B, POMC, SLC6A4 and OUD-associated pathways, including opioid signaling, G-protein activation, serotonin receptors, and GPCR signaling.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:135398745


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4205


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:444


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:54841


NCBIGene:627


NCBIGene:1565


NCBIGene:4985


NCBIGene:4986


NCBIGene:3351


NCBIGene:5443


NCBIGene:6532


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

The study investigated the efficacy and safety of extended-release injectable naltrexone (380 mg every 3 weeks) plus oral extended-release bupropion (450 mg per day) in adults with moderate or severe methamphetamine use disorder. The results showed that the response rate was low but higher in the naltrexone-bupropion group than in the placebo group. Adverse events with naltrexone-bupropion included gastrointestinal disorders, tremor, malaise, hyperhidrosis, and anorexia.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515


MONDO:0002491

The study aims to develop a core outcome set (COS) for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment research. The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) is overseeing the development of the COS-OUD. The process involves a modified e-Delphi methodology to gain consensus among a panel of clinical practitioners and researchers involved in OUD treatment. The consensus threshold will be achieved if at least 70% of the panel rate the measure as critical for inclusion in the COS-OUD. The results of this study will be communicated via scientific journals and conferences.


NCIT:C90491


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:140520821


EFO:0010702

The study proposes a clinical decision support algorithm for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) with buprenorphine in primary care. The algorithm is based on measures for universal screening and symptom tracking, developed through literature search and expert consensus. The Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medication, and other Substance use (TAPS) tool was chosen for universal screening. The OUD Symptom Checklist and the Patient Adherence Questionnaire for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment (PAQ-OUD) were created for symptom tracking and medication adherence respectively. The algorithm provides guidance for the first 12 weeks of buprenorphine treatment.


EFO:0010702


UniProtKB:Q89025

Self-efficacy for HIV treatment adherence

The study evaluates the effectiveness of Patient Navigation (PN) and Contingency Management (CM) interventions in improving HIV care outcomes among people living with HIV who report substance use (PLWH-SU). The results show that the combined PN and CM intervention indirectly improved engagement in HIV care at 6 months by increasing self-efficacy for HIV treatment adherence. This increase in self-efficacy also led to increases in viral suppression at 6 and 12 months. No mediating effects were observed for PN alone.


HP:0020173

Self-efficacy for HIV treatment adherence


HP:0020173


NCBIGene:351

The paper discusses the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) study "Optimizing Retention, Duration, and Discontinuation Strategies for Opioid Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy" (RDD; CTN-0100). This study will be one of the largest clinical trials on the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) and will consist of two phases: the Retention phase and the Duration-Discontinuation phase. The Retention phase will test different doses and formulations of buprenorphine and a digital therapeutic app on the primary outcome of retention in treatment. The Discontinuation phase will study different tapering strategies for buprenorphine and a digital therapeutic app on the primary outcome of relapse-free discontinuation of medication. The paper also discusses how the RDD trial derives from two decades of research in the CTN.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study aimed to validate an opioid misuse machine learning classifier in a different hospital setting. The classifier was tested on an observational cohort of 56,227 adult hospitalizations between October 2017 and December 2019. The classifier used a convolutional neural network (CNN) with coded word embedding features from the clinical notes of the electronic health record (EHR). The classifier showed good discrimination during external validation, with an AUC of 0.99 across the encounter and 0.98 using only the first 24 hours of notes. The sensitivity and positive predictive value were 0.81 and 0.72 respectively. The study suggests that the model may provide a comprehensive and automated approach to opioid misuse identification.


UBERON:0003446


RXCUI:371161

The ED-INNOVATION study aims to increase access to medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) by comparing the effectiveness of two buprenorphine (BUP) formulations: sublingual (SL-BUP) and 7-day extended-release injectable (CAM2038, XR-BUP). The primary outcome is engagement in formal addiction treatment at 7 days, with secondary outcomes including self-reported opioid use, craving and satisfaction, health service utilization, overdose events, and engagement in formal addiction treatment at 30 days. An ancillary study will also be conducted to assess the safety of XR-BUP initiation in patients with minimal to no opioid withdrawal.


RXCUI:1542997

7-day extended-release injectable buprenorphine (CAM2038, XR-BUP)


RXCUI:1542997


NCIT:C87111

The study used predictive models to analyze data from the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to identify factors that predict multiple visits to emergency departments (ED) within a year. The most influential variables for predicting multiple ED visits per year were poor self-rated health, nervousness or restlessness, lower income, asthma, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), nicotine dependence, African-American race, female sex, diabetes, and being of younger age (18-20). The findings highlight the need to address behavioral and mental health contributors to ED visits and the importance of integrated care models in primary care settings to improve mental health for medically vulnerable patients.


HP:0000711


NCIT:C35272


MONDO:0004979


MONDO:0001492


MONDO:0005002

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:89594


MONDO:0005015


NCIT:C3858


MESH:D023421


HP:0000786


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:131698427

The study investigates the relationship between social factors and treatment outcomes for opioid use disorder (OUD) using buprenorphine in California Bridge Program hospitals. The study found that patients with unstable housing and Medicaid insurance had greater odds of receiving hospital-administered buprenorphine and a buprenorphine prescription respectively. Co-methamphetamine use did not affect the outcomes. The study suggests that barriers to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) for patients with social and economic disadvantages can be lowered by changing treatment delivery.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:71586915


CHEBI:30879

The study examined the extent and correlates of problematic substance use among primary care patients. Data from 2000 adult primary care patients were analyzed. The prevalence of any past 3-month use was 53.9% for alcohol, 42.0% for tobacco, 24.2% for any illicit/Rx drug, and 5.3% for opioids. The prevalence of moderate/high-risk use was 45.1% for tobacco, 29.0% for any illicit/Rx drug, 14.2% for alcohol, and 9.1% for opioids. Male sex, white race, not being married, and having less education were associated with increased odds of moderate/high-risk use scores for each substance category. Older ages were associated with increased odds of moderate/high-risk opioid use.


MESH:D062789


MESH:D013287


CHEBI:35482


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The paper discusses the use of buprenorphine, a medication treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), and its effectiveness in preventing overdose, increasing abstinence, and improving quality of life. The authors suggest that the X-waiver, a special credential required for clinicians to prescribe buprenorphine in the United States, will likely be repealed. They propose strategies for creating a new treatment system post-X-waiver, including educational outreach, systems strategies, and enhanced payments.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


MONDO:0002046

The study analyzed data from the 2015-2017 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health to understand the comorbidity of substance use disorders (SUDs) and their relationship with the receipt of treatment. It was found that 7.9% of adults had at least one SUD in the past year. The most common comorbidity combination was alcohol and marijuana use disorder, which also had the lowest receipt of treatment. The odds of receiving treatment were higher for those with multiple SUDs. However, treatment prevalence was lower for those with higher family income and education, not employed full time, married, younger than 26 or older than 50, and Asian. Despite the reduction in the treatment gap among those with multiple SUDs, it remains large.


MONDO:0005689


CHEBI:30879


MESH:D064086


MONDO:0005550

The paper discusses a multi-site randomized trial of an integrated care model for patients hospitalized with infections and opioid use disorder (OUD). The model combines the use of long-acting injectable buprenorphine (LAB) with infectious disease treatment. The study aims to test the effectiveness of this model, where infectious diseases and OUD are managed by infectious disease specialists and hospitalists using LAB. The primary outcome measure is the proportion of patients enrolled in effective medication treatment for OUD (MOUD) 12 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes include relapse to opioid use, adherence to infectious disease treatment, infection morbidity and mortality, and drug overdose.


NCIT:C168633


MESH:C077570

Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) induction

increases likelihood and decreases duration

The study analyzed the cost-effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) compared to buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) for preventing opioid relapse. The requirement for opioid detoxification before initiating XR-NTX resulted in lower initiation rates. However, the study found that the treatment site was a modifiable factor that could increase the likelihood of XR-NTX induction and decrease induction duration. By incorporating these factors, the incremental average 24-week total cost of XR-NTX treatment was reduced, making XR-NTX and BUP-NX of comparable economic value for patients seeking treatment for opioid use disorder at an inpatient detoxification facility.


EFO:0003843

The study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Pain Frequency, Intensity, and Burden Scale (P-FIBS), a measure of pain, and its association with irritability and depression. The study found that pain was positively correlated with irritability and depression. Irritability accounted for 40.7%-65.5% of the effect of pain on depression. Higher irritability and depression were associated with poorer social functioning, quality of life, and productivity in work- and non-work-related activities. Pain was associated with non-work-related activity impairments even after controlling for irritability and depression.


EFO:0003843


HP:0000737

accounts for a large proportion of the effect of pain on


CHEBI:30879

The study compared different methods of screening for alcohol and drug use in primary care clinics. The research found that electronic health record (EHR)-integrated screening was feasible to implement in all clinics. Screening at any visit, as opposed to only at annual examinations, was associated with higher screening rates for alcohol and drug use. Self-administered screening had a higher detection rate for moderate- to high-risk alcohol use compared to staff-administered screening. However, the detection of drug use was low across all clinics, as was clinician adoption of counseling.


MESH:D004343


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:60207656


MONDO:0010220

The study investigates the factors influencing opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment outcomes in young adults compared to older adults. The study found that young adults have higher relapse rates than older adults, with specific characteristics such as more smokers, more intravenous opioid use, and more cannabis use. However, no single factor was identified as a significant moderator of relapse. The study suggests that poorer treatment outcomes in young adults are likely due to multiple developmental vulnerabilities.


MESH:C000719328


EFO:0009937


RXCUI:1551466

The study examined the outcomes of opioid use and the utilization of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) 36 weeks after treatment. The study involved two medications, Extended-Release Naltrexone (XR-NTX) and Buprenorphine-Naloxone (BUP-NX). The results showed that 53% of participants were receiving MOUD and 47% were not. Participants on medication had fewer opioid use days, fewer met relapse criteria, and reported less stimulant and sedative use. There was no difference in abstinence rates between those on or off MOUD. A greater proportion of participants on XR-NTX were abstinent from non-prescribed opioids compared to those on buprenorphine.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6321408


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6321408

The study investigates the effectiveness of buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP) and methadone (MET) in reducing opioid use among adults with comorbid opioid use disorder (OUD) and mental disorders. The results showed that both BUP and MET significantly reduced opioid use, but BUP was associated with a lower likelihood of any opioid use among participants with mood disorders and those without mental disorders, and fewer days of opioid use among participants with other mental disorders.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study found that individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) who were treated with extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX, an opioid antagonist) smoked fewer cigarettes per day compared to those treated with buprenorphine (BUP-NX, a partial opioid agonist). This suggests that XR-NTX, in combination with other smoking cessation interventions, might be a better choice for OUD patients interested in reducing their tobacco use.


RXCUI:727310

The study provides evidence that the implementation of a syringe services program (SSP) in Miami, Florida, led to a reduction in injection risk behaviors among people who inject drugs. The study found that men were more likely to reuse syringes, while those who reported injecting in public were less likely to do so. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive clients showed a 62% reduction in sharing injection equipment, while those who reported public injection had a 62% increase in sharing injection equipment over time. Increasing syringe coverage was associated with a decrease in both sharing injection equipment and reusing syringes. The study suggests that improving syringe coverage among SSP clients may be an important factor in reducing behaviors that place individuals at risk for contracting HIV and HCV.


MONDO:0006846

The study evaluated the effectiveness of initiating opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment in the emergency department (ED) and its impact on patient engagement in follow-up addiction care. The study found that young, white, male patients were most likely to receive ED-OUD care. Patients who received ED-OUD care were more likely to have subsequent treatment engagement. However, referrals were made less often for Black or Hispanic/Latinx patients. The initiation of treatment for OUD in the ED was associated with increased engagement in outpatient addiction care.


MONDO:0006846


MONDO:0002125

The study compared the effectiveness of sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone and extended-release injection naltrexone in treating opioid use disorder. It was found that patients who were homeless had a lower relapse rate when treated with extended-release naltrexone compared to buprenorphine-naloxone. Conversely, patients who were not homeless had a higher relapse rate when treated with extended-release naltrexone compared to buprenorphine-naloxone. Other factors such as parole and probation status, medication preference, and presence of pain also influenced the effectiveness of the treatments.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:57383391

Emergency department-initiated buprenorphine (EDIB)

The study investigates the effectiveness of emergency department-initiated buprenorphine (EDIB) in treating patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). The study found that 77.0% of patients attended their first referral appointment and 43.1% were retained in treatment after 30 days. The average time in treatment was 158 days. The majority of patients were male, white, and uninsured. Most patients reported no substance use other than opioids. The study concludes that EDIB programs are effective in promoting initial attendance for OUD treatment, but more work is needed to improve 30-day retention rates.


MONDO:0100096

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the delivery of treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) in California, as observed by service providers. Initially, there was a slight decrease in patient admissions, but this was followed by an increase due to heightened mental health issues, alcohol use, and relapse. Clinics adapted by implementing flexible service delivery methods, such as curbside dosing and extended take-home medication, to facilitate social distancing. Telemedicine became a significant part of patient care, with many patients preferring telephone-based services over video-based ones. However, internet instability and technical difficulties limited the use of telemedicine. Despite the challenges, the health care systems quickly adjusted, potentially leading to long-term changes in SUD service delivery.


MONDO:0100096


MESH:C513575

The study investigates the prevalence and treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) among youth engaged in primary care. The study found that 0.7% of the 303,262 youth studied had a documented OUD diagnosis. The prevalence of OUD increased with age. About half of the youth with OUD had documented depression or anxiety and one third had co-occurring substance use disorders. The receipt of medication for OUD was lowest among youth aged 16-17 years old (14%) and highest among those aged 22-25 (39%). The study concluded that there is a low receipt of medication treatment, and high prevalence of other substance use disorders and mental health disorders, indicating an urgent need to increase medication treatment for OUD and to integrate treatment for other substance use and mental health disorders.


EFO:0010702


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study investigates the safety and effectiveness of high-dose buprenorphine induction for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in emergency departments (EDs). The data was collected from a single, urban, safety-net hospital in Oakland, California, for the year 2018. The results showed that high-dose buprenorphine induction was safe and well tolerated in patients with untreated OUD. No cases of respiratory depression or sedation were reported. All cases of precipitated withdrawal had no association with dose. Three serious adverse events unrelated to buprenorphine were identified. Nausea or vomiting was rare.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study aimed to identify the predictors of naloxone ownership among people who inject drugs (PWID) in urban and rural Oregon. The study found that 61% of participants in the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) and 30% of participants in the Oregon HIV/Hepatitis and Opioid Prevention and Engagement Study (OR-HOPE) had naloxone. In the urban NHBS sample, naloxone ownership was associated with female gender, injecting goofballs (as opposed to heroin alone), housing stability, and overdose training. In the rural OR-HOPE sample, naloxone ownership was associated with drug of choice, frequency of injection, and race. The study concluded that naloxone ownership was insufficient and highly variable among the two samples of PWID in Oregon.


MONDO:0012292

The study conducted a randomized clinical trial on individuals with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and substance use to assess the effectiveness of care facilitation in advancing their movement along the HCV/HIV care continuum. The care facilitation group received motivation and strengths-based case management, while the control group received referral to HCV evaluation and assistance in making care appointments. The results showed that the care facilitation group completed a significantly higher number of steps along the HCV/HIV care continuum compared to the control group, particularly among men. However, there was no significant difference in achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) between the two groups.


MONDO:0022839


HP:4000076


NCBIGene:126553023


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study investigates the retention rate in Opioid Agonist Therapy (OAT) among patients with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), both with and without HIV. Data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study was used, and it was found that 13.7% of 7,334 patients with OUD initiated OAT, with 27.8% retained after 12 months. The likelihood of initiation and retention did not vary with HIV status. Factors associated with improved retention included receiving buprenorphine (as opposed to methadone), receiving both buprenorphine and methadone at some point, or having a diagnosis of HCV. A history of homelessness was linked to lower retention. The predictors of retention varied between patients with and without HIV.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095


MONDO:0012292


EFO:0010702

patients with entity_1 are referred to entity_2

The study developed and validated a Markov model to estimate the impact of Addiction consult services (ACS) on 12-month mortality among hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). The model was populated using Oregon Medicaid data and validated using international modeling standards. The results showed that 4% of patients were referred to an ACS, and 47% of those engaged in post-discharge OUD care. The risk of drug-related death at 12 months among patients in post-discharge OUD care was 3%, versus 6% not in care. The risk of non-drug related death was 7% among patients in post-discharge OUD treatment, versus 9% not in care.


HP:5200333

patients referred to entity_1 engage in entity_2


NCIT:C34548


MONDO:0004985

The study examined the impact of psychiatric disorders on the treatment outcomes of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). The patients were divided into four groups: bipolar disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder (AXD), and no comorbid mental disorder (NMD). The results showed that patients with mental disorders had worse substance use outcomes and poorer psychosocial functioning than the NMD group. Specifically, BPD patients reported more days using opioids and heroin, while MDD patients spent more time engaged with OUD pharmacotherapy. The findings suggest the need for mental health assessment and treatment in the context of pharmacotherapy for OUD patients.


MONDO:0004985


MONDO:0002009


EFO:0010702


NCIT:C119221

The Methadone Access Research Task Force, convened by the National Institute on Drug Abuse Center for Clinical Trials Network, has identified six areas of research to expand and create more equitable access to methadone treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) in the US. These areas include access to methadone in general medical and outpatient settings, the impact of methadone treatment setting on patient outcomes, the impact of treatment structure on outcomes in patients receiving methadone, the comparative effectiveness of different medications to treat OUD, the optimal educational and support structure for provision of methadone by medical providers, and the benefits and harms of expanded methadone access. The task force also identified cross-cutting issues such as the impact of patient characteristics, treatment, and treatment system characteristics.


MONDO:0002491

National Institute on Drug Abuse Center for Clinical Trials Network


NCIT:C87038


EFO:0004609


MONDO:0005530

improves treatment outcome when combined with buprenorphine

The study conducted a secondary analysis of a large, multi-site randomized trial of buprenorphine maintenance with and without individual Opioid Drug Counseling (ODC) for the treatment of opioid use disorder. The results indicated that participants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) significantly benefited from the addition of ODC to their buprenorphine treatment. Specifically, 67% of those with PTSD had a successful opioid use disorder treatment outcome when they were assigned to receive both ODC and buprenorphine, compared to a 36% response rate among those who received buprenorphine alone.


MONDO:0005530

improves treatment outcome when combined with buprenorphine for opioid use disorder


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

used in treatment of co-occurring opioid use disorder


NCIT:C54956

The study evaluated the effectiveness of the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP)-based Narcotic Score (NS) metric in identifying risky opioid medication use. The NS metric was compared to the WHO Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). The NS metric showed fair concurrent validity and was able to categorize participants into low-risk and moderate/high-risk groups. However, there were instances of false positives and negatives. The NS metric could be a useful initial universal prescription opioid-risk screener due to its low-burden, high accuracy, and broad availability.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6453268


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6453268

WHO Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)


NCBITaxon:1291489

The study explores the feasibility and acceptability of using mobile health (mHealth) platforms to electronically collect patient reported outcomes (PROs) from emergency department (ED) patients with non-medical opioid use. The study found that 78% of eligible patients consented to participate, and 95% of these completed registration in the mHealth platform. However, more than half of the participants were lost to follow-up after hospital discharge at 30 days. The study suggests that efforts to streamline communication and remove barriers to engagement are needed to improve the collection of PROs and pathways of care in ED patients with opioid use disorder (OUD).


MONDO:0006846


EFO:0010702

The paper reviews the impact of the opioid epidemic on women, highlighting the increased rates of use and overdose deaths in this group. It discusses the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders, pain, and trauma among women with opioid use disorder. The paper emphasizes the importance of expanding medication treatment for perinatal opioid use disorder and addresses the need for innovative multi-systemic solutions to end the epidemic. It also identifies significant practice gaps in preventing rising death rates among women by opioid overdose, treating co-occurring psychiatric disorders and pain, and treating perinatal women with opioid use disorder and their infants.


NCIT:C41365

The study investigates how craving influences the decisions of people with opioid use disorder to pursue drugs over other valuable and healthier alternatives. The research found that individuals with higher cravings had higher drug-related valuation. Furthermore, moments of increased craving led to a higher willingness to pay for items and foods closely related to their drug use, but not for non-drug-related but equally desirable options. This increase in value with craving was greater when the drug-related options were offered in higher quantities. The study suggests that craving narrows and focuses economic motivation towards the object of craving by selectively amplifying perceived value along a "drug relatedness" dimension.


NCIT:C41365