red light signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


tibial neuropathy

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Disease of the tibial nerve (also referred to as the posterior tibial nerve). The most commonly associated condition is the tarsal tunnel syndrome. However, leg injuries; ischemia; and inflammatory conditions (e.g., collagen diseases) may also affect the nerve. Clinical features include paralysis of plantar flexion, ankle inversion and toe flexion as well as loss of sensation over the sole of the foot. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p32)


Light Green SF Yellowish

An organic sodium salt having 3-[(ethyl{4-[(4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)(4-sulfonatophenyl)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene}azaniumyl)methyl]benzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. It is the standard dye in North American for staining collagen and is also used extensively in plant histology.


fibromyalgia

A chronic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by pain, stiffness, and tenderness in the muscles of neck, shoulders, back, hips, arms, and legs. Other signs and symptoms include headaches, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and painful menstruation.


parathyroid hormone

A protein that is a translation product of the human PTH gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Prostaglandin

Naturally occurring compounds derived from the parent C20 acid, prostanoic acid.


A0A9P3PJS1_LYOSH Zinc finger in DBF-like proteins (trembl)


lumbar dorsal root ganglion

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the lumbar vertebrae.


Suicide behaviors

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Suicide attempts or preparations


Schwann cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A glial cell that myelinates or ensheathes axons in the peripheral nervous system.


colitis

Inflammation of the colon.


SNCB

A beta-synuclein that is encoded in the genome of human.


uromodulin N-glycosylated 293 (human)

A uromodulin (human) that has been N-glycosylated at the residue equivalent to Asn-513 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P07911-1, in which the glycan structure is represented by GlyTouCan:G76294TY. Example: UniProtKB:P07911-1, Asn-513, MOD:00160~GNO:G76294TY.


A protein that is a translation product of the human IL2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Interleukin-2 has a dual role in maintaining tolerance and contributing to immunity.


Increased proportion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

An abnormally increased proportion of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells in circulation, relative to another population of cells.


Cells of Monocytic Lineage 80 Percent or More of Bone Marrow Leukemic Cells

A semi-quantitative microscopic finding indicating that at least 80 percent of the nucleated cells in a bone marrow sample from a subject with leukemia are from the mononcyte lineage.


Neuroinflammation

Activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge and is characterized by a host of cellular and molecular changes within the brain.


An ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


microglia differentiation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell. Microglia are glial cells that act as the immune cells of the central nervous system. They form part of the supporting structure of this system.


Polydipsia

Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake.


Congenital Phrenic Nerve Injury

Damage to the phrenic nerve that is present at birth.


Fto

An alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO that is encoded in the genome of rat.


Hemorrhage

The flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessel.


Thalamic hemorrhage

Bleeding in the thalamus.


A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.


B2D2C1_ORNCO Calcitonin/calcitonin-related protein (trembl)


pro-adrenomedullin

A protein that is a translation product of the human ADM gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial

A protein that is a translation product of the human MCU gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


mitochondrial fission factor

A protein that is a translation product of the human MFF gene, a 1:1 ortholog thereof, or pro-orthologs thereof.


Mitochondria

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Mitochondria contain distinctive ribosomes, transfer RNAs, amino acyl t-RNA synthetases, and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus for many essential messenger RNAs. Mitochondria consist of two sets of membranes, a smooth continuous outer coat and an inner membrane arranged in tubules or more often in folds that form platelike double membranes (cristae). Mitochondria are the principal energy source of the cell and contains the cytochrome enzymes of terminal electron transport and the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP.


Adm

A pro-adrenomedullin that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


A cationic amino acid transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Mme

A neprilysin that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Irregular vertebral endplates

An irregular surface of the vertebral end plates, which are normally relatively smooth.


Celecoxib

A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, trifluoromethyl and p-tolyl groups, respectively. A cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, it is used in the treatment of arthritis.


bone tissue

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.


sensory nerve

A nerve that transmits from sensory receptors on the surface of the body to the central nervous system.


prolactin

A somatotropin hormone family member that is a translation product of the human PRL gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


trigeminal ganglion

The cranial ganglion that is associated with and extends fibers into the trigeminal nerve.


somatotropin

A somatotropin hormone family member that is a translation product of the human GH1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Q9PWN1_PROAN Proopiomelanocortin POMC (trembl)


A0A0S7J0C3_9TELE NFH (Fragment) (trembl)


Nicotine

A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.


postganglionic parasympathetic fiber

A cholinergic axonal fiber projecting from a parasympathetic ganglion to an effector organ.


glutamate uptake by astrocytes (Sus scrofa)

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Norepinephrine

The R-enantiomer of noradrenaline.


SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9

A protein that is a translation product of the human UBE2I gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


immune system

Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.


anti-inflammatory agent

Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.


A0A8H7HU83_9AGAM Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel (trembl)


H9CNK9_CLOBO Botulinum neurotoxin (trembl)


exocytosis

A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.


A short transient receptor potential cation channel TRPC4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Nitroglycerin

A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.


Scavenging by Class H Receptors (Canis familiaris)

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


neurotensin receptor

A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor that is a translation product of the human NTSR1 or NTSR2 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof. The active form binds the neuropeptide neurotensin.


colon carcinoma

A carcinoma that arises from epithelial cells of the colon


A protein that is a translation product of the human DNM2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Nitric Oxide

A nitrogen oxide which is a free radical, each molecule of which consists of one nitrogen and one oxygen atom.


reactive oxygen species

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.


opioid-induced constipation

A constipation disorder caused by use of opiods. OIC may present immediately when a patient takes the opioid, or it may present gradually during opioid therapy.


Decreased proportion of CD8-positive T cells

A decreased proportion of circulating CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cells relative to total number of T cells.


An interleukin-13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2

A protein that is a translation product of the human HAVCR2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Oxytocin

A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.


oxytocin-neurophysin 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human OXT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Ritanserin

A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.


neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, stress-induced, with variable ataxia and seizures

Autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with onset in the first years of life following normal early development, with cyclic episodic deterioration in response to stress, such as infection or febrile illness. The severity is highly variable. The cause is mutations in the ADPRHL2 gene.


A peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nitrotyrosine

A tyrosine derivative that is tyrosine substituted by a nitro group at unspecified position. A "closed" class.


cerebellar nuclear complex

The gray matter nuclei located in the center of the cerebellum, embedded in the white matter, which receive inhibitory (GABAergic) inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory (glutamatergic) inputs from mossy fiber pathways; all output fibers of the cerebellum originate from the these nuclei[MP].


Lightheadedness

A feeling of faintness; a reeling sensation. Lightheadedness is medically distinct from dizziness, unsteadiness, and vertigo.


Tactile hypersensitivity

A decreased tolerance to physical touch.


cerebellum

Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA].


CTR9_CAEEL RNA polymerase-associated protein CTR9 (sprot)

An RNA polymerase-associated protein CTR9 that is encoded in the genome of worm.


Cross bite

Lingual occlusion of buccal cusps and/or incisal edge of maxillary teeth to the buccal cusps and/or incisal edge of mandibular teeth.


Scalp tenderness

Pain or discomfort of the scalp elicited by palpation.


cholecystokinin

A protein that is a translation product of the human CCK gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


cholecystokinin receptor 1

A cholecystokinin receptor that is a translation product of the human CCKAR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligand is sulfated CCK, which is bound with a 500- to 1000-fold higher affinity than sulfated gastrin or nonsulfated CCK.


A protein that is a translation product of the human IL18 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Bladder duplication

A congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of two bladders.


interstitial cystitis

A rare chronic debilitating urogenital disease characterized by urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain.


overactive bladder

Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. urinary incontinence may or may not be present.


head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma that arises from any of the following anatomic sites: lip and oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and salivary glands.


sensory peripheral neuropathy

Inflammation or degeneration of the sensory nerves.


Propranolol

A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.


Orofacial action-specific dystonia induced by speech


Guanethidine

A member of the class of  guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.


A protein that is a translation product of the elf1 gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-.


Fus

An RNA-binding protein FUS that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


brain hypoxia - ischemia

A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ischemia) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ischemic attack, transient; brain infarction; brain edema; coma; and other conditions.


cerebral palsy

A group of disorders affecting the development of movement and posture, often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, and behavior. It results from damage to the fetal or infant brain.


peptidergic neuron

A neuron that uses neuropeptides as transmitters.


14-3-3 protein

A protein that is a stand alone version of the 14-3-3 protein (Pfam:PF00244) domain.


CAMP

A cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


nervous system

The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].


skeletal muscle organ

A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles).


homeostasis of number of cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells.


kleptomania

A disorder characterized by the recurrent failure to resist the impulse to steal items of little intrinsic value; the individual experiences a rising subjective sense of tension before the theft and a sense of gratification or relief during the theft.


A neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Fluid Discharge

The pouring forth of a fluid.


financial situation satisfaction measurement


alcohol abuse

The use of alcoholic beverages to excess, either on individual occasions ("binge drinking") or as a regular practice.


articular surface for the calcaneum on the astragalus

Contact surface between the calcaneum and the astragalus located on the astragalus.


American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Lesion Complexity Class

A classification system for coronary stenosis based upon characteristics that influence the difficulty of percutaneous coronary revascularization. (ACC)


A0A9P3UUM2_LYOSH Essential for the formation of DNA replication focal centers (trembl)


bupropion / naltrexone Extended Release Oral Tablet


Hemeralopia

A visual defect characterized by the inability to see as clearly in bright light as in dim light. The word hemeralopia literally means day blindness.


food allergy

Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.


Reduced use of language for social purposes


sodium fluoride 0.2 MG/ML Mouthwash [ACT Fluoride Rinse]


Male anorgasmia

Inability of a male to reach orgasm.


Intense psychological distress to cues

Intense or prolonged psychological distress occurs when individuals are exposed to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event or events.


cranial division of the internal carotid artery


Fetal Engagement

A position adopted by the fetus during labor when its head moves down into the maternal pelvic cavity.


Tramadol

A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.


0.5 ML peginterferon alfa-2a 0.36 MG/ML Prefilled Syringe [Pegasys]


Sustained Virologic Response

A finding of aviremia at a predetermined time point after the end of planned or actual treatment.


Medication crystalluria

A variety of drugs may occasionally cause transient crystalluria, in isolation or in conjunction with other urinary abnormalities. Overdose, dehydration, or hypoalbuminaemia, which increases the unbound drug which is ultrafiltrated by the glomerulus, are the factors usally favoring the precipitation of crystals within the tubular lumina. In some cases, medication-induced crystalluria has a distinct phenotypic appearance. For instance, Sulphadiazine crystals appear as strongly birefringent 'shocks of wheat' or 'shells' with an amber colour. Acyclovir crystals are birefringent and needle-shaped, and when present in abundance give to urine a silky and opalescent macroscopic appearance.


asthma

A bronchial disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors resulting in recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing), chest tightness, shortness of breath, mucus production and coughing. The symptoms appear due to a variety of triggers such as allergens, irritants, respiratory infections, weather changes, exercise, stress, reflux disease, medications, foods and emotional anxiety.


chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A chronic and progressive lung disorder characterized by the loss of elasticity of the bronchial tree and the air sacs, destruction of the air sacs wall, thickening of the bronchial wall, and mucous accumulation in the bronchial tree. The pathologic changes result in the disruption of the air flow in the bronchial airways. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing, productive cough, and chest tightness. The two main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema.


Radiation Overdose

A higher than intended cumulative dose of radiation to a single field.


acute myocardial infarction

Necrosis of the myocardium, as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area. It is characterized by a severe and rapid onset of symptoms that may include chest pain, often radiating to the left arm and left side of the neck, dyspnea, sweating, and palpitations.


Precocious puberty in males

The onset of puberty before the age of 9 years in boys.


drug-induced dyskinesia

Abnormal movements, including hyperkinesis; hypokinesia; tremor; and dystonia, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see antipsychotic agents). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)


chronic rhinitis

Chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity mucosa. It may lead to post-nasal drip resulting in chronic sore throat and chronic cough.


interstitial fluid

Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid.


individual digit of digitopodial skeleton

A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of a single digit plus the associated metapodial element.


morphine dependence

Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.


Digital ulcer

An open sore on the surface of the skin of a finger or toe.


Sensing of DNA Double Strand Breaks (Canis familiaris)


neurodevelopmental, jaw, eye, and digital syndrome


Acetoxyvalerenic acid with analytical records


major depressive disorder

An episode of depression lasting two or more weeks without an intervening episode of mania.


Depression, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by melancholic feelings of grief or unhappiness.


buprenorphine / naloxone Sublingual Tablet


Reduced prothrombin consumption

The prothrombin consumption test measures the formation of intrinsic thromboplastin by determining the residual serum prothrombin after blood clotting is complete. If there is a defect in the process, less prothrombin will be converted to thrombin than normal (less prothrombin is consumed). This test may be abnormal with conditions including deficiency of factors VIII or IX, with circulating anticoagulants, thrombocytopenia.


Neonatal Administration Site Complication, AE

An adverse event in a newborn characterized by local irritation or a complication at the administration site of a drug.


fluid transport

The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Abnormality of urine homeostasis

An abnormality of the composition of urine or the levels of its components.


Diminished health-related quality of life

A reduction in an individual's subjective assessment of his or her sense of well-being and ability to perform social roles.


Young syndrome

Young syndrome is characterized by the association of obstructive azoospermia with recurrent sinobronchial infections.


W8ILJ4_ENSAD Putative transposase number 2 for older and disrupted insertion sequence NGRIS-28c (trembl)


Relapse Following Intervention for Kawasaki Disease

An indication that there was a relapse following treatment for Kawasaki disease.


phytocannabinoid

A class of cannabinoid which are C21 terpenophenolic compounds isolated primarily from Cannabis sativa.


bathing suit ichthyosis

Bathing suit ichthyosis (BSI) is a rare variant of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) characterized by the presence of large dark scales in specific areas of the body.


Increased length of the tibia

An abnormal increase in the length of the tibia.


dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC or DLPFC), according to a more restricted definition, is roughly equivalent to Brodmann areas 9 and 46.[1] According to a broader definition DL-PFC consists of the lateral portions of Brodmann areas 9 - 12, of areas 45, 46, and the superior part of area 47.[2] These regions mainly receive their blood supply from the middle cerebral artery. With respect to neurotransmitter systems, there is evidence that dopamine plays a particularly important role in DL-PFC.[2]DL-PFC is connected to the orbitofrontal cortex, and to a variety of brain areas, which include the thalamus, parts of the basal ganglia (the dorsal caudate nucleus), the hippocampus, and primary and secondary association areas of neocortex, including posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital areas.


urine

Excretion that is the output of a kidney.


keratolytic winter erythema

Keratolytic winter erythema is a rare epidermal disease, characterized by recurrent centrifugal palmoplantar peeling and erythema presenting seasonal variation (cold weather). Skin lesions may spread to the dorsum of hands and feet and to the interdigital spaces. Lower legs, knees and thighs may also be involved. Episodes may be preceded by itch and hyperhidrosis. Skin biopsy reveals an epidermal spongiosis with clefting in the stratum corneum, followed by regrowth. Keratolytic winter erythema follows an autosomal dominant mode of transmission.


Olanzapine

A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.


Bupropion

An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.


Atomoxetine

A  secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.


BDNF

A brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


A cytochrome P450 2D6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A delta-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


A kappa-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


POMC

A pro-opiomelanocortin that is encoded in the genome of human.


A sodium-dependent serotonin transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


digestive system disorder

A disease or disorder that involves the digestive system.


Tremor

An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.


Hyperhidrosis

Abnormal excessive perspiration (sweating) despite the lack of appropriate stimuli like hot and humid weather.


anorexia nervosa

A disorder most often seen in adolescent females characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, a disturbance in body image, and, in postmenarcheal females, the development of amenorrhea.


Pregnancy Outcome

Findings observed at the end of a pregnancy.


Symptom

Subjective evidence of disease perceived by the patient.


Q89025_9RHAB Glycoprotein (G) gene from patient../60-PN-B (trembl)


APP

An amyloid-beta precursor protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


ankle nerve

A nerve that is part of an ankle [Automatically generated definition].


168 HR buprenorphine 0.0075 MG/HR Transdermal System


Poor Feeding

Occurs either when an infant shows no interest in feeding or when there is an inability to take in adequate nutrition. Poor feeding is a nonspecific symptom of many disorders, including neurological, genetic, structural, metabolic, and infectious diseases.


Restlessness

A state of unease is characterized by diffuse motor activity or motion, which is subject to limited control, nonproductive, or disorganized behavior.


Lower Abdominal Pain

A sensation of discomfort emanating from the inferior quadrants of the abdomen, which may be peritoneal or visceral in origin, or referred from an extra-abdominal location.


Mental and Behavioral Signs and Symptoms

Clinical evidence of disease resulting from mental and/or behavioral dysfunction.


somatoform disorder

A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition but are not fully explained by any known medical reasons.


cannabis dependence

Physical and psychological dependence on the drug cannabis.


chlamydiaceae infections

Infections with bacteria of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE.


infectious disease

A disorder directly resulting from the presence and activity of a microbial, viral, or parasitic agent in humans. It can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact.


IWG-MRT Criteria for Treatment Response in Myelofibrosis

Criteria in inducing remission or improvement in myelofibrosis according to the International Working Group-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT).


Cigarette-paper scars

Thin (atrophic) and wide scars.


status epilepticus

A life-threatening situation in which the brain is in a continuous state of seizure.


Sedated

A state of a lowered level of consciousness.


Seizure precipitated by febrile infection

Any form of seizure occurring at the time of a fever (temperature at or above 38.0 degrees Celcius) without infection of the central nervous system, and without an alternative cause such as severe metabolic derangement, occurring at any age.


Nausea

A sensation of unease in the stomach together with an urge to vomit.


Vomiting

Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.


Death Related to Adverse Event

The termination of life associated with an adverse event.


bipolar disorder

A disorder of the brain that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Often these moods range and shift from periods of elation and energized behavior to those of hopelessness and depression.


Influenza A virus (A/ostrich/South Africa/OUD/2012(H7N1))


Joint Task Force Type 2 Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial infarction secondary to ischaemia due to either increased oxygen demand or decreased supply, e.g. coronary artery spasm, coronary embolism, anaemia, arrhythmias, hypertension, or hypotension. (Universal definition of myocardial infarction, Kristian Thygesen, Joseph S. Alpert and Harvey D. White on behalf of the Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction, Eur Heart J (2007) 28 (20): 2525-2538.)


Collagenase Chromophore Substrate Test Substance


Diminished motivation

A reduction in goal-directed behavior, that is, motivation, is the determinant of behavior and adaptation that allows individuals to get started, be energized to perform a sustained and directed action.


rectal traditional serrated adenoma

An adenoma that arises from the rectum. It is characterized by prominent serration of the glands and the presence of generalized low-grade dysplasia.


cocaine dependence

A psychologically and socially impaired state, with or without physiological changes, that develops as a result of using cocaine and which leads to compulsive behaviors to acquire the substance.


Dilacor XR

A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.


Non-Fatal Cardiopulmonary Arrest Cause Unknown, CTCAE


undecylenic acid 130 MG/ML Topical Cream [Tineacide Antifungal]


postpartum psychosis

Postpartum psychosis is a rare psychiatric emergency in which symptoms of high mood and racing thoughts (mania), depression, severe confusion, loss of inhibition, paranoia, hallucinations and delusions set in, beginning suddenly in the first two weeks after childbirth. The symptoms vary and can change quickly.


autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease

An autosomal dominant inherited condition characterized by many cysts of various sizes scattered throughout the liver.


Pregnancy Status

The pregnancy status of an individual.


Remifentanil

A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.


(MW = 424 by mass spectrometry (475 for salt))


ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5

A protein that is a translation product of the human ABCB5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


beta adrenergic receptor

An adrenoceptor protein whose active form binds adrenaline and related compounds and whose activity is mediated by G proteins that cause activation of adenylate cyclase.


perinatal disease

A condition affecting an unborn or newly born individual, where the perinatal period is defined in humans as commencing at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation and ending seven completed days after birth. Other, broader definitions of perinatal period cover five months before birth to one month after birth.


mu-type opioid receptor isoform 1 (mouse)

A mu-type opioid receptor isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Q9JKZ9_MOUSE Acupuncture induced gene 1 (trembl)


central gray substance of midbrain

Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the 'central gray') is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the midbrain. It plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract. The spinomesencephalic tract is so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the mesencephalon, another name for the midbrain, the part of the brain in which the PAG resides. [WP,unvetted].


ventral tegmental area

Unpaired midbrain region situated in the ventromedial portion of the reticular formation. The VTA is medial to the substantia nigra and ventral to the red nucleus, and extends caudally from the posterior hypothalamus in the diencephalon. The VTA contains dopamine neurons that project to various limbic and cortical areas and is a critical component of the brain's reward circuitry.


basal ganglia disorder

A disease involving the basal ganglia.


Addictive video game use

The inability to regulate persistent gaming behavior is characterized by a heightened prioritization of gaming activities over regular daily tasks and responsibilities.


memory

The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).


Effective Regurgitant Orifice Area

The quantitative measurement of the effective regurgitant orifice area of a cardiac valve.


A0A9P6JB54_MORAP Epoxide hydrolase, soluble (SEH) (trembl)


epoxy fatty acid

A heterocyclic fatty acid containing an epoxide ring as part of its structure.


A mu-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


CCND1 Splice Variant Positive

An indication that expression of a splice variant of CCND1 has been detected in a sample.


analgesic

An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.


ligand-dependent corepressor

A protein that is a translation product of the human LCOR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Increased anti-plant based food allergen IgE antibody level

Increased level of IgE antibody against a plant based food allergen, including vegetables and fruits.


Sufentanil

An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.


Ventilatory Threshold

The point during exercise at which pulmonary ventilation becomes disproportionately high with respect to oxygen consumption.


Accidents and Adverse Effects

Causes of death attributable to accidents or their adverse events.


polyunsaturated fatty acid

Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome.


Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum), involved in the transport of materials. (Infoplease Dictionary)


cellular senescence

A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.


cell

A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.


membrane transport modulator

Any agent that affects the transport of molecular entities across a biological membrane.


jugular vein

The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava.


diastereoisomeric mixture

A mixture composed of two or more diastereoisomers (stereoisomers not related as mirror images).


Stavudine

A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase


Q9PUA9_BUFJA Deep brain photoreceptor protein pinopsin (trembl)


ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus

The ventral anterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus.


premotor cortex

The premotor cortex is an area of motor cortex lying within the frontal lobe of the brain. It extends 3 mm anterior to the primary motor cortex, near the Sylvian fissure, before narrowing to approximately 1 mm near the medial longitudinal fissure, which serves as the posterior border for the prefrontal cortex. The premotor cortex is largely equivalent to Brodmann area 6. Activity within this region is critical to the sensory guidance of movement and control of proximal and trunk muscles of the body.


Decreased heart rate variability

Reduced variation of beat-to-beat intervals of the heart that occurs in conjunction with the respiratory cycle.


src

A proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src that is encoded in the genome of zebrafish.


A0A813D0W1_9DINO CaMKII protein (trembl)


Shakes

Unsteadiness or trembling movements of the whole body or a body part.


A protein that is a translation product of the Krtap5-5 gene in mouse.


Sleep abnormality

An abnormal pattern in the quality, quantity, or characteristics of sleep.


A mu-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


Addictive nitrous oxide use

Addiction to inhaled nitrous oxide gas (N2O) is a growing concern.


Intracranial hemorrhage

Hemorrhage occurring within the skull.


infection caused by Bifidobacterium

A disease caused by infection with Bifidobacterium.


Focal sensory seizure with somatosensory features

A seizure characterized by sensory phenomena including tingling, numbness, electric-shock like sensation, pain, sense of movement, or desire to move as its first clinical manifestation.


opioid receptor antagonist

An agent that binds to but does not activate an opioid receptor thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous opioid receptor agonists.


Functional abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract

Abnormal functionality of the gastrointestinal tract.


cardiac diverticulum

Congenital cardiac diverticulum (CCD) is a very rare congenital malformation characterized by a muscular appendix emerging from the left ventricular apex, rarely from the right ventricle or from both chambers, with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening hemodynamic collapse.


Hapten

A substance that can act as an epitope for an antibody but that lacks immunogenicity unless coupled to a larger carrier molecule.


Carfentanil

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of methyl 4-anilino-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate with propanoic acid.


Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18


Bradycardia

A slower than normal heart rate (in adults, slower than 60 beats per minute).


ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 36C

A protein that is a translation product of the human ANKRD36C gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Beta-EEG

EEG dominated by diffuse beta-waves (>13 Hz).


apnea, central sleep

The periodic cessation of breathing while asleep that occurs secondary to the decreased responsiveness of the respiratory center of the brain to carbon dioxide, resulting in alternating cycles of apnea and hyperpnea.


Abnormal sleep architecture

Interruptions during the various stages of sleep.


Liraglutide

A lipopeptide that is an analogue of human GLP-1 in which the lysine residue at position 27 is replaced by arginine and a hexadecanoyl group attached to the remaining lysine via a glutamic acid spacer. Used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


host-seeking behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that are associated with finding a host organism; may include behavioral responses to light, temperature, or chemical emanations from the prospective host.


Suvorexant

An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group of 5-chloro-2-[(5R)-5-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole. An orexin receptor antagonist used for the management of insomnia.


orexin/hypocretin receptor type 1

An orexin receptor that is a translation product of the human HCRTR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Karyocytomegaly and Multinucleated Hepatocytes

A finding of both karyocytomegaly and multinucleated hepatocytes in the same lesion.


GLP1_CAEEL Protein glp-1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the glp-1 gene in worm.


A0A5A9N8L1_9TELE Insulin Insulin B chain (trembl)


vagus nerve

Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart).


Distress

A state of physiological or psychological stress that cannot be compensated for by normal adaptive measures.


heart

A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ.


polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

A ventricular tachycardia that is irregular in rate and rhythm.


Dissolution of Fibrin Clot (Danio rerio)


alpha-2 adrenergic receptor

An adrenoceptor protein whose active form binds adrenaline and related compounds and whose activity is mediated by G proteins that cause inhibition of adenylate cyclase.


DOR

A protein that is a translation product of the DOR gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.


Pressure Chest Pain

The sensation of chest pain described as an object creating physical force.


Summation Gallop

An auscultated finding in which S3 and S4 fuse, during tachycardia or a prolonged PR interval or both. (ACC/AHA)


Claudication

Pain, cramping, and fatigue of the lower extremities upon ambulation due to ischemia.


leptin

A protein that is a translation product of the human LEP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Pelvic Floor Muscle Weakness, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by a reduction in the strength of the muscles of the pelvic floor.


Pelvic pain

Pain perceived in the area of the pelvis, the lower part of the abdomen located between the hip bones.


Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Symptoms that result from pathologic processes affecting the urinary bladder and/or urethra. They include urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, nocturia, incomplete voiding, and poor stream during urination.


Impaired Healing

Improper body tissue repair due to factors affecting one or more of the phases of wound healing, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.


CTH

A cystathionine gamma-lyase that is encoded in the genome of human.


A0A2S8JMJ8_ECOLX Heal labile enterotoxin subunit LT-A (trembl)


communication disorder

A disorder characterized by an individual's inability to comprehend or share ideas or feelings because of an impairment in language, speech, or hearing.


Kentucky bluegrass pollen extract 10000 BAU/ML


Alphacoronavirus Eptesicus fuscus/Appalachian Ridge/P1-C1148/IT/USA/2009


regulation of protein autoubiquitination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein autoubiquitination.


Medical Contraindication

A symptom or medical condition that makes a particular treatment or procedure inadvisable because a person is likely to have a bad reaction.


Retinopathy of Prematurity, AE

An adverse event characterized by a retinal condition of very immature infants that may be characterized by non-vascularized retinae that may lead to neovascularization, scarring, retinal detachment, and blindness.


neonatal sepsis

Bacterial infection in the bloodstream of newborn infants younger than 28 days old.


Jaundice

Yellow pigmentation of the skin due to bilirubin, which in turn is the result of increased bilirubin concentration in the bloodstream.


Infant Irritability

Crying easily, difficult to console.


primary visual cortex

The visual area of the brain that is specialized for processing information about static and moving objects. The primary visual cortex, which is defined by its function or stage in the visual system, is approximately equivalent to the striate cortex, also known as Brodmann area 17, which is defined by its anatomical location.


Visual loss

Loss of visual acuity (implying that vision was better at a certain time point in life). Otherwise the term reduced visual acuity should be used (or a subclass of that).


Developmental Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory test results related to physical, emotional, behavioral, or social development.


serotonin uptake inhibitor

A compound that specifically inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This increases the serotonin concentration in the synaptic cleft which then activates serotonin receptors to a greater extent.


Serotonin

A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine.


Drug Exposure

Contact with drug.


respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants

Infant acute respiratory distress syndrome is a lung disorder that affects premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of surfactant production and structural immaturity of the lungs. The symptoms usually appear shortly after birth and may include tachypnea, tachycardia, chest wall retractions (recession), expiratory grunting, nasal flaring and cyanosis during breathing efforts.


dynamic microtubule bundle

A microtubule bundle that undergoes changes in length, and in which microtubule sliding takes place.


visual epilepsy

Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as epilepsy or 'seizure disorder.'


Subcortical dementia

A particular type of dementia characterized by a pattern of mental defects consisting prominently of forgetfulness, slowness of thought processes, and personality or mood change.


ModE complex

A dimeric protein complex containing two ModE subunits. Binds directly to DNA to regulate transcription, and is involved in (positively and negatively) regulating various aspects of molybdenum metabolism.


Index Sequence

A unique nucleotide sequence that is added to a sample during library preparation to serve as a unique identifier for the sample.


Frank breech presentation

A kind of breech presentation in which the hips are flexed and the knees are extended.


amniotic fluid

Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid.


end stage renal failure

Long-standing and persistent renal disease with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 15 ml/min.


chronic kidney disease

Impairment of the renal function secondary to chronic kidney damage persisting for three or more months.


maintenance of viral latency

The perpetuation of a latent state, generally by repressing the viruses own lytic genes expression and ensuring expression of viral genes which function to keep the viral genome from being detected by the host defense mechanisms.


Chronic Kidney Disease, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by gradual and usually permanent loss of kidney function resulting in renal failure.


endometriosis

The growth of functional endometrial tissue in anatomic sites outside the uterine body. It most often occurs in the pelvic organs.


Pelvic Pain, CTCAE 5.0

A disorder characterized by a sensation of marked discomfort in the pelvis.


uterine corpus leiomyoma

A benign smooth muscle neoplasm arising from the body of the uterus. It is characterized by the presence of spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, interlacing fascicles, and a whorled pattern.


knee

A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod.


Device Complication

Any problem arising from the use of a medical device.


A0A0K2USK2_LEPSM Growth arrestspecific protein 1like [Bombus terrestris] (Fragment) (trembl)


Multi-Ingredient Cold, Flu, and Allergy Medications


Sprinkle 24 HR topiramate 100 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule [Qudexy]


Injection Site

The anatomic site at which a medication or a vaccine is injected.


Palladium standard for AAS, ready-to-use, in nitric acid


generation of neurons

The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons.


Coprinopsis aff. phlyctidospora phylogenetic group B


Community Exposure to SARS-CoV-2

Exposure in a local area, outside of a hospital setting, where individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) have been reported.


A0A0F7FQ14_9ACTN Or or or repb family protein (trembl)


benign Samaritan congenital myopathy

Benign Samaritan congenital myopathy is a rare, genetic, skeletal muscle disease characterized by severe neonatal hypotonia with respiratory insufficiency, delay in motor milestones, and dysmorphic features including bitemporal narrowing, epicanthal folds and hypertelorism. Affected individuals show gradual improvement in hypotonia and muscle weakness within the first two years of life resulting in minimal clinical manifestations in adulthood.


Autocrine Systems

Organ systems involved in self-stimulation through cellular production of a factor and a specific receptor for it.


external hirudiniasis

The attachment of leeches to the skin. After the leeches drop off, bleeding may continue as a result of the action of hirudin. Bites may become infected or ulcerate.


Stickler syndrome type 1

Stickler syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, caused by mutation(s) in the COL2A1 gene, encoding collagen alpha-1(II) chain.


Adverse drug response

An unpleasant or harmful reaction resulting from treatment with a drug.


Unilateral cryptorchidism

Absence of a testis from the scrotum on one side owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum.


Bloating

Distention of the abdomen associated with a feeling of fullness.


Isolation of the left subclavian artery

The loss of continuity between the left subclavian artery and the aorta, with persistent connection to the homolateral pulmonary artery through the patent (PDA) or nonpatent ductus arteriosus.


Remote Intervillous Thrombus

A focus of maternal thrombus within the placental intervillous space, often with peripheral villous compression, which is at least 5-7 days in age.


chloroxylenol 1 MG/ML Medicated Liquid Soap


auricular artery

An artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ear.


Gait ataxia

A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall.


Elevated sweat chloride

An increased concentration of chloride in the sweat.


A protein that is a translation product of the CCR2(AT1G80820) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.


A C-C chemokine receptor type 5 that is encoded in the genome of rabbit.


C5MKJ0_XENLA Calcium channel voltage-dependent T type Cav3.2, alpha 1h subunit (Fragment) (trembl)


A0A0J9X628_GEOCN Similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae YOR299W BUD7 Member of the ChAPs family of proteins that forms the exomer complex to mediate export of specific cargo proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane (trembl)


Q6XS93_RAT Voltage gated N-type calcium channel Ca(V)2.2 (Fragment) (trembl)


protein IL-40

A protein that is a translation product of the human C17orf99 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


CCL3_HUMLU Acetate--CoA ligase CCL3 (sprot)


hyaline cartilage tissue

Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.


p38-like stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase

A protein that contains a single copy of the Protein kinase domain (Pfam:PF00069) and is a fungal mitogen-activated protein kinase activated when cells are challenged with a variety of environmental stresses, such as osmotic, oxidative, and heat stress.


kidney hypertrophy

Global enlargement of the renal parenchyma in one or both kidneys.


Increased body mass index

Abnormally increased weight-to-height squared ratio, calculated by dividing the individual's weight in kilograms by the square of the individual's height in meters and used as an indicator of overweight compared to averages.


voltage-gated sodium channel protein

A voltage-gated ion channel protein that has voltage-gated sodium channel activity. A voltage-gated sodium channel enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


A sodium channel and clathrin linker 1 that is encoded in the genome of rat.


synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

The vesicular release of dopamine. from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


Lidocaine

The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.


primary dorsal nerve cord

A nerve cord in the dorsal mid-line that is the most prominent nerve cord.


graphene oxide

A single carbon layer of the graphite oxide structure.


bone morphogenetic protein

A TGF-beta-like cystine-knot cytokine that is related to the transforming growth factor-beta, anti-Muellerian hormone, and activin/inhibin protein families, which are all involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. These are produced as dimeric precursors and undergo post-translational processing for activation, requiring cleavage to release bioactive the C-terminal peptide. BMP is involved in body patterning and morphogenesis. BMP signals are transmitted through specific type 2 and type 1 receptors.


neurotransmitter secretion

The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.


A0A504XA82_FASGI High voltage activated calcium channel beta (trembl)


A0A1A8YVS7_9APIC Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A, putative (EIF5A) (trembl)


A serine/threonine-protein kinase 25 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PKAB_STRCO Serine/threonine-protein kinase PkaB (sprot)


ryanodine receptor

A voltage-gated ion channel protein that is a translation product of the human RYR1, RYR2, or RYR3 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof.


potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel protein

A cyclic nucleotide-regulated channel protein that has amino- and carboxyl-terminal intracellular domains separated by a domain (common with other ion channels) containing six transmembrane helices (S1-S6) in which the last two helices (S5 and S6) flank a loop, called the pore loop, which determines ion selectivity. The N terminus has a conserved domain that is also present in other voltage-gated potassium and sodium channels. The carboxyl-terminal region contains the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD). In addition, there is a structural element called the C-linker, the region connecting the CNBD to the S6 segment, which couples conformational changes in the ligand-binding domain to channel activation. Subunits combine to form the HCN channels. In common with CNG channels, HCN are cation channels that are modulated by cyclic nucleotide binding. Unlike CNG channels, HCN channels are voltage-gated, and are weakly selective for potassium. In contrast to most other voltage-gated channels, HCN channels open upon hyperpolarization and close at positive potential. HCN channels act as a pacemaker by regulating neuronal and cardiac firing rate, but also function as a regulator of membrane resting potential and resistance.


receptor-transporting protein 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human RTP1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor X1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A0A9K2PRE8_NEIM8 Exoribonuclease II (Ribonuclease II RNase II) (trembl)


Global Relapse

Recurrence of disease in prior complete response or relapse in any skin, nodes, blood, or viscera category.


Hypoventilation

A reduction in the amount of air transported into the pulmonary alveoli by breathing, leading to hypercapnia (increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide).


Labored Breathing

Breathing that requires observed effort or an increased amount of energy.


Upper airway obstruction

Increased resistance to the passage of air in the upper airway.


Central apnea

Apnea resulting from depression of the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata. There is a lack of respiratory effort rather than obstruction of airflow.


obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Cessation of air flow during sleep due to upper airway obstruction.


Opioid-Induced Constipation

Constipation that results from, or follows, treatment with an opioid or opioid-containing medication.


Hypoglossal Nerve Disorder, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by dysfunction of the hypoglossal nerve (twelfth cranial nerve).


Rigidity

Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from muscle spasticity.


Abnormality of the respiratory system

An abnormality of the respiratory system, which include the airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles.


A0A9Q7VHV2_GIBFU Related to acid phosphatase (pH 6-optimum acid phosphatase) (trembl)


peg and socket contact

A cell-cell contact zone that consists of membrane invaginations extending from either cell, which contain tight-, gap-, and adherens junctions. Peg and socket contacts form between endothelial cells and pericytes, and between lens fiber cells.


Undesired Nerve Stimulation

Unintended reaction in nervous system caused by electrical stimulation.


Eye movement-induced pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the eye that is worse in certain directions of gaze and during prolonged gaze holding.


ventral striatum

A composite structure of the telencephalon that is defined in the striatopallidal system by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It includes the nucleus accumbens, the most ventral portions of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, the rostrolateral portion of the anterior perforated substance, the islands of Calleja and a rostral subcommissural portion of substantia innominata. The boundary between the ventral striatum and dorsal striatum is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance (Heimer-1995; adapted from Brain Info).


Addictive stimulant use

Addiction to a stimulant drug is defined as a drug that typically increases alertness, attention, and energy while also elevating blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing.


Abnormal drinking behavior

Abnormal consumption of fluids with excessive or insufficient consumption of fluid or any other abnormal pattern of fluid consumption.


Average Body Weight Gain

The mean value of the amount of weight gained over a period of time.


Pain Relief

A lessening of pain following an intervention.


An electroclinical syndrome with onset in adolescence and adulthood.


anxiolytic drug

Anxiolytic drugs are agents that alleviate anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions.


Kentucky bluegrass pollen extract 100 IR / orchard grass pollen extract 100 IR / perennial rye grass pollen extract 100 IR / sweet vernal grass pollen extract 100 IR / Timothy grass pollen extract 100 IR Sublingual Tablet [Oralair 100]


juvenile spondyloarthropathy

A group of chronic, inflammatory childhood diseases characterized by arthritis and enthesitis. This disorder can affect the axial skeleton in late childhood or young adulthood.


Impaired ability to shift attention

A behavioral abnormality whereby a person is unable to move freely from one situation, activity or aspect of aa problem to another as circumstances demand. Key aspects of shifting include the ability to make transitions, problem solve flexibly, switch or alternate attention, and change focus from one mind-set or topic to another. Mild deficits in the ability to shift compromise the efficiency of problem solving, whereas more severe difficulties are reflected in perseverative behaviors. Sometimes this is described as being rigid or inflexible.


Heavy proteinuria

Severely increased levels of protein in the urine (1000-3000 mg per day in adults).


Addictive cannabis use

A persistent and compulsive need to use cannabis, despite negative consequences.


Decreased Drug Level

A reduction in the expected therapeutic effect of a drug due to increased clearance.


beta-thalassemia HBB/LCRB

Abnormal clinical manifestations of beta thalassemia that are as a result of the underlying genotype.


postpartum thyroiditis

A transient autoimmune Inflammatory disorder of thyroid gland that occurs postpartum due to any partum problem. It is characterized by the presence of high titers of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Clinical signs include the triphasic thyroid hormone pattern: beginning with thyrotoxicosis, followed with hypothyroidism, then return to euthyroid state by 1 year postpartum


Adulthood Lesion

A benign or malignant lesion arising during adulthood.


High Arch

Abnormally raised arch.


Clinically Significant Depressive Symptoms

An indication that an individual's depressive symptoms are or were clinically significant.


Flat Affect

The absence of emotional expressiveness.


Dental Resources Perio Maintenance Rinse


Burning Sensation

A sensation of stinging or heat, not necessarily accompanied by redness or physical signs of irritation.


depressive disorder

A melancholy feeling of sadness and despair.


Externalizing Disorder Symptoms

Impulsive, disruptive, or aggressive behaviors that typically emerge in childhood or early adolescence and are associated with significant functional impairment. Child and adolescent externalizing disorders include conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.


Electronic Cigarette Smoke Exposure

Environmental, occupational or consumer-based exposure to airborne gases and particulates produced by direct or nearby use of an electronic cigarette.


statin (semi-synthetic)

A statin that is derived from a naturally occurring statin by partial chemical synthesis.


A disorder characterized by a marked pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is inconsistent with developmental level and clearly interferes with functioning in at least two settings (e.g. at home and at school). When present, the symptoms of hyperactivity are most often present before the age of 7 years. There are three recognized presentations or subtypes from most to least common: combined type, inattentive/distractible type, hyperactive/impulsive type.


12 HR clonidine hydrochloride 0.1 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet


Vegetative state

The absence of wakefulness and consciousness, but in contrast to a coma, there is involuntary opening of the eyes and movements such as teeth grinding, yawning, or thrashing of the extremities.


Impaired self monitoring

Impaired ability to track awareness of the effect that one's behavior has on others and how it compares with standards or expectations for behavior.


Sex Chromosomes

The X or Y chromosome in human beings that determines the sex of an individual. Females have two X chromosomes in diploid cells; males have an X and a Y chromosome. The sex chromosomes comprise the 23rd chromosome pair in a human karyotype.


Fair Skin

A human skin color characterized by low levels of eumelanin.


A1S490_SHEAM Warning TorE protein (trembl)


psychotropic drug

A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function.


A0A2V8PVK0_UNCAI Family membership (trembl)


Macrocephaly at birth

The presence of an abnormally large skull with onset at birth.


A0A160VJT8_PROFR Helicase/secretion neighborhood ATPase (trembl)


Cognitive impairment

Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.


positive regulation of cell size

Any process that increases cell size.


combined immunodeficiency

A broad classification of inherited disorders presenting at birth that affect both the cell-mediated and humoral aspects of the immune response. Circulating numbers of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and NK cells are variable but where present do not function properly. Susceptibility to infection is the primary concern.


autism spectrum disorder

A spectrum of developmental disorders that includes autism, and Asperger syndrome. Signs and symptoms include poor communication skills, defective social interactions, and repetitive behaviors.


B5ED42_CITBB Sensor protein, PAS, PAS, PAS, PAS and PAS domain-containing (trembl)


non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

An anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins.


antidepressant

Antidepressants are mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions.


SIGMA NON-OPIOID INTRACELLULAR RECEPTOR 1


Disorganization of the anterior cerebellar vermis


socially cooperative development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a non-reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A non-reproductive fruiting body is a colonial multicellular structure consisting of co-operating unicellular organisms, some of which are spores. An example of such a process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum and Myxococcus xanthus colonies.


A0A222YWW2_9CAUD Baseplate hub and lysozyme (trembl)


temporomandibular joint disorder

Any condition affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint.


nac

A GDP-fucose transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of fruit fly.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


Non restorative sleep

Perception of feeling unrefreshed after sleep.


rem

An uncharacterized protein Rem that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12.


Hydroxyzine

A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.


remodeling and spacing factor 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human RSF1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Risky behavior

Engaging in dangerous, risky, and potentially self-damaging activities, without considering the consequences, is a sign of recklessness. It involves a disregard for one's limitations and a denial of personal danger.


insomnia

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and/or remaining asleep.


rhythmic behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity.


Dopamine

Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group.


Sleep-related breathing disorders

Conditions of abnormal and difficult respiration during sleep, including chronic snoring and sleep apnea.


autonomic dysreflexia

A syndrome associated with damage to the spinal cord above the mid thoracic level (see SPINAL CORD INJURIES) characterized by a marked increase in the sympathetic response to minor stimuli such as bladder or rectal distention. Manifestations include HYPERTENSION; TACHYCARDIA (or reflex bradycardia); FEVER; FLUSHING; and HYPERHIDROSIS. Extreme hypertension may be associated with a STROKE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp538 and 1232; J Spinal Cord Med 1997;20(3):355-60)


sleep-wake disorder

Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the circadian rhythm which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.


Glomerular basement membrane disruption

A point of rupture in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) where the discontinuous portions of GBM are still identifiable with a basement membrane stain such as Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) or silver.


Pregabalin

A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.


oral contraceptive

A compound, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy.


Electrical Synapses

A synapse in which electrical connection is made directly through the cytoplasm, via gap junctions.


conus medullaris

The conus medullaris is the terminal end of the spinal cord. It occurs near lumbar vertebral levels 1 (L1) and 2 (L2). After the spinal cord tapers out, the spinal nerves continue as dangling nerve roots called cauda equina. This terminal nerve root tail is referred to as the filum terminale. The upper end of the conus medullaris is usually not well defined.


paraplegia

Complete paralysis of the lower half of the body including both legs, often caused by damage to the spinal cord.


partial motor epilepsy

A simple partial seizure consisting of clonus or spasm of a muscle or muscle group; it may be single or in a continuous and repetitive series or may spread to adjacent muscles.


leg

The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod.


Loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar vermis


Spastic gait

Spasticity is manifested by increased stretch reflex which is intensified with movement velocity. This results in excessive and inappropriate muscle activation which can contribute to muscle hypertonia. Spastic gait is characterized by manifestations such as muscle hypertonia, stiff knee, and circumduction of the leg.


postgastrectomy syndrome

Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (dumping syndrome and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies.


cingulate cortex

The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is extended from the corpus callosum below to the cingulate sulcus above, at least anteriorly. [WP,unvetted].


Fetal ultrasound soft marker

An finding upon obstetric ultrasound examination performed at around 16 to 20 weeks of gestation that is abnormal but not clearly identifiable as a fetal anatomic malformation or growth restriction. Such findings are known as soft markers since they are associated with increased risk for fetal aneuploidy or other disorders.


Intraoperative Complication

A disease or disorder that occurs during the course of a surgical procedure.


EMG abnormality

Abnormal results of investigations using electromyography (EMG).


Muscle hemorrhage

Bleeding occuring within a muscle


developmental delay, behavioral abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric disorders


dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway

A sensory tract originating in the spinal cord responsible for transmitting fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebral cortex. The components include the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus.


adductor magnus

An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, the adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh. The portion which arises from the ischiopubic ramus (a small part of the inferior ramus of the pubis, and the inferior ramus of the ischium) is called the 'adductor magnesius portion', and the portion arising from the tuberosity of the ischium is called the 'hamstring portion'. The hamstring portion is not considered part of the hamstring group of muscles, but it is adjacent to it.[WP,generalized].


tibialis anterior

A muscle that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. Its acts to invert the foot. It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. This muscle overlaps the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve in the upper part of the leg. [WP,unvetted]. The M. tibialis cranialis is a muscle that flexes the tarsometatarsus. It originates on the craniodistal aspect of the femur and proximal tibiotarsus and inserts on the cranial surface of the tarsometarsus[EvoWiki].


gluteus maximus

The largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles [WP,unvetted].


adductor hallucis muscle

The Adductor hallucis (Adductor obliquus hallucis) arises by two headsboblique and transverse and is responsible for adducting the big toe. It is innervated by the lateral plantar nerve. It evolved from the contrahens I muscle as Man's ancestors' thumbs and big toes became opposable.