C-C chemokine receptor type 7 isoform 1

A C-C chemokine receptor type 7 that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P32248-1 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


osteoarthritis

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

A noninflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons, characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins and changes in the synovial membrane. It is accompanied by pain and stiffness, particularly after prolonged activity.


joint damage measurement

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Functional intestinal obstruction

The blockage of bowel contents from evacuation; the causes are attributable to non-structural impediments, such as chemical imbalances or the side effects of medications, narcotics in particular.


cartilage development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


subchondral region of epiphysis

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The bone region of the epiphysis that provides underlying mechanical and physiological support for the cartilage of joint articular surfaces.


beta-nerve growth factor

A neurotrophin that is a translation product of the human NGF gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Q27074_TRISP Antigen targeted by protective antibodies (trembl)


cytokine SCM-1 beta

A lymphotactin-like chemokine that is a translation product of the human XCL2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


mu-type opioid receptor

An opioid receptor protein that is a translation product of the human OPRM1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligands are beta-endorphin and enkephalins.


nociceptor nerve ending

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A peripheral terminal of a peripheral, afferent sensory pain receptor cell that is sensitive to injury or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. The nociceptor nerve ending innervates target tissue and transduces noxious stimuli to the central nervous system via some axon(s).


sensitization

An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched.


A0A346FRV6_9POXV Host TNF/chemokines receptor (trembl)


Q7TUX1_PROMM Possible Small cytokines (Intecrine/chemokine) (trembl)


Vitreous inflammatory cells

The presence of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages in the vitreous.


innervation

The process in which a nerve invades a tissue and makes functional synaptic connection within the tissue.


Low Grade Dysplasia

A subjective characterization of the phenomenon of dysplasia, based on microscopic examination of the architectural and/or cytological changes in a tissue sample, that is determined to be low.


aggrecan core protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human ACAN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


aggrecan core protein O-glycosylated 32 (human)

An aggrecan core protein (human) that has been O-glycosylated at the residue equivalent to Ser-2240 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P16112-1, in which the glycan composition is represented by GlyTouCan:G43417UB. Example: UniProtKB:P16112-1, Ser-2240, MOD:00002~GNO:G43417UB.


ADAMTS-like protein 4

A protein that is a translation product of the human ADAMTSL4 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


ADAMTS-like protein 5

A protein that is a translation product of the human ADAMTSL5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


dorsal root ganglion

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain. (MSH) * ganglion found on the posterior root of each spinal nerve, composed of the unipolar nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the nerve. (CSP).


CCL2_HUMLU Isovalerate--CoA ligase CCL2 (sprot)


A Toll-like receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of chicken.


Fractured knee

A partial or complete breakage of the knee.


bone marrow

The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones.


synovium cancer

A cancer that involves the layer of synovial tissue.


anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint

A major stabilizing ligament in the knee that attaches the surfaces of the femur and tibia.


A0A4P9Q254_TRAOV Toll-like receptors 3 (trembl)


A0A836J349_9ROSI Pathogen-associated molecular patterns-induced protein (trembl)


M1FVS3_OPLFA Pattern recognition receptor (trembl)


innate immune response

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


Pain

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.


CD4 Lymphocytes Decreased, CTCAE

A finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of CD4 lymphocytes in a blood specimen.


sensory receptor

A sensory nerve ending that responds to a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism. In response to stimuli the sensory receptor initiates sensory transduction by creating graded potentials or action potentials in the same cell or in an adjacent one.


osteoarthritis susceptibility 1

Any osteoarthritis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FRZB gene.


A C-C motif chemokine 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Persistent fever

Fever that persists longer than expected for an acute infectious disease. No precise threshold exists, and the clinical interpretation of fever is context-dependent, but as a rule of thumb, this term refers to fever that persists longer than 2-3 weeks.


NGF

A beta-nerve growth factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


F4/80-negative adipose macrophage

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An adipose macrophage that does not express F4/80but is MHC-II-positive. This cell type exhibits autofluorescence under typical flow cyometry conditions.


Paclitaxel

A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name 'taxol' is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark.


A serine/threonine-protein kinase CLA4 that is encoded in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.


TLR4 interactor with leucine rich repeats

A protein that is a translation product of the human TRIL gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 that is encoded in the genome of zebrafish.


interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha

A protein that is a translation product of the human IL6R gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Increased reactive oxygen species production

An accumulation of free radical groups in the body inadequately neutralized by antioxidants, which creates a potentially unstable and damaging cellular environment linked to tissue damage.


chemotherapy-induced alopecia

Hair loss as a result of chemotherapy treatment.


A protein Wnt-3a that is encoded in the genome of chicken.


protein Wnt-10a

A protein that is a translation product of the human WNT10A gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A0A9L0SH84_HORSE CGRP receptor component (trembl)


A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV1 that is encoded in the genome of dog.


A9JQD6_MOUSE Sodium channel Nav1.7 (Fragment) (trembl)


spinal cord

Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO).


A cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


leukotriene C4

A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.


uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor

A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor that is a translation product of the human GPR17 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligands are uracil nucleotides and cysteinyl leukotrienes. It is highly expressed in brain, heart and kidney.


Inflammatory Infiltrate

A microscopic finding indicating the presence of acute, subacute or chronic inflammation in a tissue sample.


dermatitis

An inflammatory process affecting the skin. Signs include red rash, itching, and blister formation. Representative examples are contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis.


ensheathment of neurons

The process in which glial cells envelop neuronal cell bodies and/or axons to form an insulating layer. This can take the form of myelinating or non-myelinating ensheathment.


neurotrophin

A protein that is a neurotrophic polypeptide factor that regulates neuronal differentiation and is essential for neuronal survival, neurite growth and plasticity. It contains a signal peptide, a propeptide, and a C-terminal Nerve growth factor family (Pfam:PF00243) domain.


mixed neuronal-glial tumor

A group of central nervous system neoplasms with a variable amount of neuronal and, less consistently, glial differentiation. They occur at a low frequency and usually carry a favorable prognosis. Representative examples include dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma, desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma, desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma, and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. (Adapted from WHO)


Tissues Derived from Two or Three Embryonic Layers Present


Innate Immune System (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Neuropathic Pain

Chronic pain caused by damage to nerve fibers.  It is usually associated with tissue injury.


cancer

A tumor composed of atypical neoplastic, often pleomorphic cells that invade other tissues. Malignant neoplasms often metastasize to distant anatomic sites and may recur after excision. The most common malignant neoplasms are carcinomas (adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas), Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, leukemias, melanomas, and sarcomas.


nerve

An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures.


dorsal horn interneuron

A CNS interneuron located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.


Increased Alveolar Macrophages

Increased number of macrophages in the terminal air spaces.


BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor

A TRK receptor that is a translation product of the human NTRK2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


neuropeptides B/W receptor

A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor that is a translation product of the human NPBWR1 or NPBWR2 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof.


Inflammation

A finding of a localized protective response resulting from injury or destruction of tissues. Inflammation serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. In the acute phase, inflammation is characterized by the signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Histologically, inflammation involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow; exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins; and leukocyte migration into the site of inflammation.


Chronic pain

Persistent pain, usually defined as pain that has lasted longer than 3 to 6 months.


pluripotent stem cell

A pluripotent stem cell has the ability to form cells from all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm). However, unlike totipotent stem cells, they cell can not generate all the cells of the whole organism such as placenta.


chronic pain syndrome

Chronic form of disorder involving pain.


molecule

Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.


A0A2J8PG01_PANTR ANTXR2 isoform 2 (trembl)


dorsal root ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dorsal root ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


E9FVN7_DAPPU Putative Non voltage-gated ion channels inorganic ion transport and metabolism (trembl)


A0A4W5R0F8_9TELE Calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha (trembl)


EMG: myotonic runs

Spontaneous, repetitive electrical activity demonstrated by electromyography (EMG).


neuralgia

A pain disorder characterize by pain in the distribution of a nerve or nerves


type 2 diabetes mellitus

A type of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by insulin resistance or desensitization and increased blood glucose levels. This is a chronic disease that can develop gradually over the life of a patient and can be linked to both environmental factors and heredity.


diabetic neuropathy

A chronic, pathological complication associated with diabetes mellitus, where nerve damages are incurred due to diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply these nerves, resulting in peripheral and/or autonomic nerve dysfunction.


nervous system neoplasm

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the nervous system.


synovitis

Inflammation of a synovial membrane.


Interactions of Rev with host cellular proteins (Homo sapiens)


obesity disorder

A disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat.


Cannabigerol

A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species.


A0A8S3RKL8_MYTED Cytochrome P450 2C31,Cytochrome P450 2C9,Cytochrome P450 2C50,Cytochrome P450 2C27,Cytochrome P450 2C15,Cytochrome P450 2F3,Cytochrome P450 2C19,Cytochrome P450 2C20,Cytochrome P450 2C54 (trembl)


Use of another person's body to communicate

Moving another person's hand, body part, or body to communicate a desire, e.g. pushing or pulling someone toward a desired object or placing someone's hand on something.


Suicide Attempt, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by self-inflicted harm in an attempt to end one's own life.


Stress

The negative mental, emotional, and physical reactions that occur when environmental stressors are perceived as exceeding the individual's adaptive capacities.


endogenous depression

Depression which is considered strictly biological.


opioid analgesic

A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood.


social phobia

An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense, irrational fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the individual believes that he or she will be scrutinized by others. Exposure to social situations immediately provokes an anxiety response. In adults, the social phobia is recognized as excessive or unreasonable.


opiate dependence

Disorders related or resulting from abuse or mis-use of opioids.


alcohol

A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.


Irritability

A proneness to anger, i.e., a tendency to become easily bothered or annoyed.


prefrontal cortex

The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.nnThis brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.nnThe most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes).nnMany authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. - definition adapted from Wikipedia.


A0A8H5WMG1_FUSHE Hemoglobin hemoglobin-haptoglobin-binding protein (trembl)


Short term memory impairment

A deficit in the retention of pieces of information (memory chunks) for a relatively short time (usually up to 30 seconds).


Disturbance during transitions between sleep and wake states

A group of parasomnias that occur during the transition from wakefulness to sleep or from one sleep stage to another. Rhythmic Movement Disorder, Sleep Starts, Sleep Talking, and Nocturnal Leg Cramps - these four disorders belong to Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders.


Emotional lability

Unstable emotional experiences and frequent mood changes; emotions that are easily aroused, intense, and/or disproportionate to events and circumstances.


Exacerbated by tobacco use

Applied to a sign or symptom that is worsened by smoking tobacco products.


anxiety

Apprehension of danger and dread accompanied by restlessness, tension, tachycardia, and dyspnea unattached to a clearly identifiable stimulus.


mood disorder

A cognitive disorder a disturbance in which the person's mood is hypothesized to be the main underlying feature.


substance abuse

The use of a drug for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed.


diacylglycerol lipase-beta

A protein that is a translation product of the human DAGLB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


macrophage

A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells.


inflammatory diarrhea

An diarrhea (disease) involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa.


Occupational disability

This is a general term that denotes a reduced ability to perform the work that one performed prior to an illness, and may be related to pain, cognitive dysfunction, fatigue or other physical disabilities.


Pain of Skin, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by a sensation of marked discomfort in the skin.


Therapeutic Abortion Finding

An abortion performed on the individual due to a harmful medical condition caused by pregnancy.


Late Phase of HIV Life Cycle (Homo sapiens)


anterior cingulate cortex

The frontal part of the cingulate cortex that resembles a collar form around the corpus callosum. It includes both the ventral and dorsal areas of the cingulate cortex. Wikipedia:File:Gray727.svg.


gene expression

The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes.


Biochemical Evidence of Disease

An indication that biochemical markers of a disease are present.


Translation of OCT4 mRNA (Homo sapiens)

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


cellular schwannoma

A morphologic variant of schwannoma characterized by hypercellularity, Antoni A pattern, and the absence of well-formed Verocay bodies.


Neonatal epiphyseal stippling

The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in one or more epiphyses during the neonatal period.


Morphine

A morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy).


neonatal abstinence syndrome

A constellation of neurobehavioral features observed in a neonate following antenatal exposure to drugs including opioids, benzodiazepines, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.


Allodynia

Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.


B8NAI7_ASPFN p38 MAPK, putative (trembl)


sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anemias are chronic hemolytic diseases that may induce three types of acute accidents: severe anemia, severe bacterial infections, and ischemic vasoocclusive accidents (VOA) caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells obstructing small blood vessels and capillaries. Many diverse complications can occur.


mast cell

A cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation. Progenitors leave bone marrow and mature in connective and mucosal tissue. Mature mast cells are found in all tissues, except the bloodstream. Their phenotype is CD117-high, CD123-negative, CD193-positive, CD200R3-positive, and FceRI-high. Stem-cell factor (KIT-ligand; SCF) is the main controlling signal of their survival and development.


spinal arachnoiditis

A chronic adhesive arachnoiditis in the spinal arachnoid, with root and spinal cord symptoms similar to those caused by pressure from a tumor.


brainstem neoplasm

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the brainstem.


Patient Motion Artifact

An artifact resulting from movement of the patient during image capture.


Methadone

A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.


Buprenorphine

A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.


Pharmacokinetic Effect Consequences

The outcome that results from chemical interactions between a drug and another drug or food.


Effects of PIP2 hydrolysis (Gallus gallus)


Cognitive Side Effects of Cancer Therapy

Cognitive impairment caused by cancer treatment.


Mild Adverse Event

An experience that is usually transient, and requires no special treatment or intervention. The event does not generally interfere with usual daily activities. Includes transient laboratory test alterations.


Hearing Patients without Baseline Audiogram and Not Enrolled in a Monitoring Program, CTCAE


Q5U791_XENLA Protease-activated receptor 2 (trembl)


migraine disorder

A common, severe type of vascular headache often associated with increased sympathetic activity, resulting in nausea, vomiting, and light sensitivity.


trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia

A headache disorder characterized by episodes of unilateral, short lasting pain and associated ipsilateral cranial autonomic symptoms.


meningeal artery

One of the arteries supplying a meninix[Automatically generated definition].


compound 48/80

R1, R2 = H or CH2OH; n is normally between 1 and 10. An alternating copolymer resulting from the condensation of N,O-dimethyltyramine with formaldehyde. It is a potent histamine releasing agent, primarily from mast cells, with subsequent depletion of tissue histamine.


pain agnosia

Loss of the ability to perceive and process pain.


Epidural Hematoma

A collection of blood into the space between the dura mater and the skull.


lysophospholipid (S1P) receptor

An LPAR1/S1PR1-like lysophospholipid receptor that is a translation product of the human S1PR1, S1PR2, S1PR3, S1PR4, or S1PR5 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof. The active form binds sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is a bioactive lysophospholipid that elicits diverse physiological effects on most types of cells and tissues.


Acute Pain

A sensation of discomfort or distress that has a severe or rapid onset.


central nervous system

The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord.


Primary amenorrhea

Abnormally late or absent menarche in a female with normal secondary sexual characteristics.


malignant hypertension

Severe hypertension that is characterized by rapid onset of extremely high blood pressure.


Surgical Shock

Hypoperfusion of body tissues occurring during or after a surgical procedure, and resulting in cellular injury and vital organ dysfunction.


Hydrocodone

A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.


Oxycodone

A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine.  It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.


iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma

A Kaposi sarcoma that develops after organ transplantation or immunosuppressive treatment.


Inguinal hernia

Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.


Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve

Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve (TCS) is a rare congenital airway malformation in which distinct tracheal rings are replaced by a continuous cartilaginous segment. Vertically fused C- or O-shaped cartilaginous rings can extend from the subglottis to the carina or bronchus with little to no pars membranacea posteriorly. Comment:Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve has been associated with various craniosynostosis syndromes.


A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNG2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A protein cornichon homolog 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


An amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RGMA

A repulsive guidance molecule A that is encoded in the genome of human.


Prolonged bleeding after surgery

Bleeding that persists longer than the normal time following a surgical procedure.


kappa-type opioid receptor

An opioid receptor protein that is a translation product of the human OPRK1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligand is dynorphin.


amygdala

Subcortical brain region lying anterior to the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe and anterior to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in some species. It is usually subdivided into several groups. Functionally, it is not considered a unitary structure (MM).


pallidum

Part of what are called the basal ganglia of the brain which consist of the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum.


breast

The upper ventral region of the torso of an organism.


melanoma

A malignant, usually aggressive tumor composed of atypical, neoplastic melanocytes. Most often, melanomas arise in the skin (cutaneous melanomas) and include the following histologic subtypes: superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma. Cutaneous melanomas may arise from acquired or congenital melanocytic or dysplastic nevi. Melanomas may also arise in other anatomic sites including the gastrointestinal system, eye, urinary tract, and reproductive system. Melanomas frequently metastasize to lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain.


skin lymphangiosarcoma

A malignant vascular neoplasm of the skin arising from the lymphatic vessels.


local anaesthetic

Any member of a group of drugs that reversibly inhibit the propagation of signals along nerves. Wide variations in potency, stability, toxicity, water-solubility and duration of action determine the route used for administration, e.g. topical, intravenous, epidural or spinal block.


advanced glycation end-product

Carbohydrate derivatives resulting from the non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins. They result in cells becoming stiffer and more prone to damage and premature aging.


Histological Subtype Different, Pathology Review for this Project

The pathologic prescreen review for this project determined that the histologic subtype is different from the pathology report.


Pregnant

Observed to be or have been pregnant.


lung

Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus.


nicotine dependence

Physical and psychological dependence on nicotine.


benzalkonium chloride 1.3 MG/ML Topical Solution


benzodiazepine

A group of heterocyclic compounds with a core structure containing a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.


nosocomial infection

An infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare setting.


Fentanyl

A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.


Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Minnesota


shoulder

A subdivision of the pectoral complex consisting of the structures in the region of the shoulder joint (which connects the humerus, scapula and clavicle).


disorder of other vitamins and cofactors metabolism and transport


alcohol dependence

Physical and psychological dependence on alcohol.


female sex determination

The specification of female sex of an individual organism.


anxiety disorder

A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by anxious feelings or fear often accompanied by physical symptoms associated with anxiety.


infective endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers (endocardium) and valves. This condition is sometimes called 'endocarditis,' although it is important to distinguish it from non-infective endocarditis. IE is caused bybacteria, fungi, or other germs invading the bloodstream and attaching to the heart. IE can damagethe heart and cause serious and sometimes fatal complications. It can develop quickly or slowly depending on what type of germ is causing it and whether there is an underlying heart problem. Common symptoms of IE are fever and other flu-like symptoms, but signs and symptoms can vary. It can also cause problems in many other parts of the body besides the heart. IE is typically treated with antibiotics for several weeks; some individuals may need heart surgery to repair or replace heart valves or remove infected heart tissue.


Activated Charcoal

An allotropic form of the element carbon with cubic structure which is thermodynamically stable at pressures above 6 GPa at room temperature and metastable at atmospheric pressure. At low pressures diamond converts rapidly to graphite at temperatures above 1900 K in an inert atmosphere. The chemical bonding between the carbon atoms is covalent with sp(3) hybridization.


dura mater

Thick, fibrous meningeal covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three meningeal coverings. It consists of two layers: the periosteal dura linking the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal dura that lies above the arachnoid dural membrane. The meningeal layer draws away from the periosteal layer and certain locations to form the dural reflections.


A protein that is a translation product of the human IL6 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


signaling

The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.


Acetaminophen

A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.


Ibuprofen

A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl group.


Surgical and Medical Procedures - Other, Specify, CTCAE


Increased total bilirubin

Increased concentration of total (conjugated and unconjugated) bilirubin in the blood.


Back pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the back.


oligodendrocyte

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system.


brain

The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].


precancerous condition

A pathological process with signs indicating it may become cancerous. Representative examples include leukoplakia, dysplastic nevus, actinic keratosis, xeroderma pigmentosum, and intraepithelial neoplasia.


Naltrexone

An  organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.


Device Revision or Replacement

Patient required a corrective invasive procedure in which a device was replaced/revised.


postcholecystectomy syndrome

Abdominal symptoms after removal of the gallbladder. The common postoperative symptoms are often the same as those present before the operation, such as colic, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. There is pain on palpation of the right upper quadrant and sometimes jaundice. The term is often used, inaccurately, to describe such postoperative symptoms not due to gallbladder removal.


Genetic anticipation with paternal anticipation bias

A type of genetic anticipation observed predominantly upon transmission from affected males.


Epidemic Disorder

The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time. (CDC)


Postoperative Hypertension

A transient increase in blood pressure following a surgical procedure.


opioid peptide activity

Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.


COMT

A catechol O-methyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Post-Operative Pain

A sensation of discomfort secondary to surgery.


Abnormal brain positron emission tomography

A functional brain anomaly detectable by positron emission tomography (PET). PET scanning is a method for functional brain imaging, and its measurements reflect the amount of brain activity in the various regions of the brain.


system process

A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.


behavior

The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.


caste determination, influence by genetic factors

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


White papule

A papule with white color.


migraine without aura

A migraine disorder characterized by episodes that occur in the absence of preceding focal neurological symptoms.


peripheral nervous system

A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.


vasculature

An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face.


calcitonin gene-related peptide 2

A protein that is a translation product of the human CALCB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


cortex

Outermost layer of an organ[WP].


meninges hemangiopericytoma

A solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma that arises from the meninges.


acid-sensing ion channel 2

An acid-sensing ion channel protein that is a translation product of the human ASIC2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


delta-type opioid receptor

An opioid receptor protein that is a translation product of the human OPRD1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligands are enkephalins.


liver

An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO].


Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a polyclonal (benign) or clonal (malignant) proliferation of lymphoid cells that develops as a consequence of immunosuppression in a recipient of a solid organ or bone marrow allograft. PTLDs comprise a spectrum ranging from early, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven polyclonal lymphoid proliferations to EBV-positive or EBV- negative lymphomas of predominantly B-cell or less often T-cell type. (WHO, 2001)


Cancer-Associated Pain

Pain associated with cancer or its diagnosis or treatment.


Flare-up

A sudden worsening of a condition.


Secondary hyperaldosteronism

A form of hyperaldosteronism caused by abnormally increased renin levels.


G1FNL7_RHOPL Near-infrared fluorescent protein (Fragment) (trembl)


Cocaine

A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.


Pimavanserin

A member of the class of ureas in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by 4-fluorobenzyl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, and 4-(isopropyloxy)benzyl groups. An atypical antipsychotic that is used (in the form of its tartrate salt) for treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease.


O77674_RABIT 5-HT2a receptor (Fragment) (trembl)


Lorcaserin

A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.


Respiratory alkalosis

Alkalosis due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body.


Low back pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the lower back.


A proteinase-activated receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPPB

A natriuretic peptides B that is encoded in the genome of human.


An interleukin-31 receptor A that is encoded in the genome of human.


osteoarthritis, hip

Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.


oxytocic

A drug that stimulates contraction of the myometrium. Oxytocics are used to induce labour, obstetric at term, to prevent or control postpartum or postabortion haemorrhage, and to assess foetal status in high risk pregnancies. They may also be used alone or with other drugs to induce abortions (abortifacients).


Serious Adverse Experience

A situation referring to a severe reaction, risk or indication against use of a treatment or device.


Minimally Invasive Lesion

A lesion in which the neoplastic epithelial cells invade into but not through the capsule that surround the neoplasm, or invade the entire thickness of the capsule, or invade vessels surrounding the capsule.  Unlike widely invasive lesions, the minimally invasive lesions cannot be recognized as carcinomas on clinical and surgical grounds.  The diagnosis can only be established microscopically.


Growth Plate Open

An indication that the epiphyseal plate is made of hyaline cartilage and is not yet fused by bone.


Age of death

The age group when the cessation of life happens.


persistent tachypnoe of infancy, usual

Persistent tachypnoe of infancy that presents with with no other airway or parenchymal abnormalities upon scanning (N=80; 63%).


High Risk Acute Leukemia

Acute leukemia patients are stratified into the high risk group when their minimal residual disease levels are higher than 0.05%.


Cannabidiol

An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.


childhood onset asthma

Asthma that starts in childhood.


female infertility

Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.


physiological sexual disorder

Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.


Decreased Forced Expiratory Volume

A decrease in the fraction of the forced vital capacity that is exhaled in a specific number of seconds.


Fractured shoulder

A fracture or multiple fractures of the humerus (ball) or the glenoid (socket) of the shoulder joint.


Naloxone

A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.


neurobehavioral disorder with prenatal alcohol exposure

A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that is characterized by one or more deficits in neurocognition and in self-regulation plus two or more deficits in adaptive functioning, with at least 1 in communication or social communication and interaction.


piriform-amygdalar area

The cortical region between the cortical amygdalar area and the piriform area.


Diminished physical functioning

A reduction in the ability to perform activities of daily living as compared to previous abilities because of functional deficits due to illness. The 36-item Short Form (SF-36) health survey questionnaire is one of many methods used to measure patients' perceptions of diminished physical functioning.


Limited neck flexion

Reduced abilty to lower the chin towards the chest by bending the neck.


Personality and Behavioral Change, CTCAE


Early Fetal Death

Death of a fetus at 10 weeks, 0 days to 15 weeks, 6 days of gestation.


Postoperative Thoracic Procedure Complication, CTCAE

A finding of a previously undocumented problem that occurs after a thoracic procedure.


psychiatric disorder

A disorder characterized by behavioral and/or psychological abnormalities, often accompanied by physical symptoms. The symptoms may cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social and occupational areas of functioning. Representative examples include anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia.


proper hepatic artery

The hepatic artery proper (also proper hepatic artery), arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad. The hepatic artery proper gives off a small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb. Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery, which is a branch of the celiac trunk. It subsequently gives off the cystic artery, which feeds the gallbladder, before bifurcating into the right and left hepatic arteries. Of note, the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy. A replaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a replaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery.


A disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.


Diminished mental health

A reduction in the subjective feeling of mental well being.


substance-related disorder

A category of psychiatric disorders which include disorders related to the taking of a drug of abuse (including alcohol, prescribed medications and recreational drugs).


Buttock Pain

Painful sensation in the buttocks.


long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction

Any process that results in an increase in the efficacy of transmission at a neuromuscular synapse.


extension

The posterior elongated region of the yolk cell that forms during the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.


Influenza B virus (B/West Virginia/01/2008)


Increased Apoptosis

Increase in the amount of apoptosis.


Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index"@e


Activation of non-muscle Myosin II (Drosophila melanogaster)


myofascial pain syndrome

Muscular pain in numerous body regions that can be reproduced by pressure on trigger points, localized hardenings in skeletal muscle tissue. Pain is referred to a location distant from the trigger points. A prime example is the temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome.


Flank pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the flank.


peripheral nervous system neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from a peripheral nerve or the perineural sheaths.


Broad-based gait

An abnormal gait pattern in which persons stand and walk with their feet spaced widely apart. This is often a component of cerebellar ataxia.


developmental disorder of mental health

A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development.


post-traumatic stress disorder

An anxiety disorder precipitated by an experience of intense fear or horror while exposed to a traumatic (especially life-threatening) event. The disorder is characterized by intrusive recurring thoughts or images of the traumatic event; avoidance of anything associated with the event; a state of hyperarousal and diminished emotional responsiveness. These symptoms are present for at least one month and the disorder is usually long-term.


Has Response to Intervention for Kawasaki Disease

An indication that a patient responded to a treatment for Kawasaki disease.


musculoskeletal system disorder

A disease involving the musculoskeletal system.


sleep

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.


Reduced drug efficacy

Decreased response to a drug intervention in comparison to the expected response.


Clinical Significance

A finding that has treatment or management implications for a patient's condition.


umbilical cord

The connecting cord from the developing embryo to the placenta.


amphetamines

Amines that constitute a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine.


Amphetamine

A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.


chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Chronic form of hepatitis C infection.


alcohol-related disorders

Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol.


Influenza A virus (A/Los Angeles/1987(H3N2))


Fetal cerebellar vermis hemorrhage

A type of fetal intracranial hemorrhage that occurs in the vermis of the cerebellum.


oxylipin

Any member of the group of bioactive lipids made by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


epoxide

Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.


A partitioning defective 3 homolog B that is encoded in the genome of human.


sensory perception of pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process.


ribosome

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.


A0A6B9HDK8_9BURK Lasso peptide peptide A (trembl)


osteoarthritis, knee

Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)


Anticipated Adverse Event

An adverse event that is reasonably expected and/or listed in the clinical protocol or other study-related document.


traumatic brain injury

A brain disease that is characterized by brain dysfunction caused by an outside force, usually a violent blow to the head.


limb

A paired appendage that is evolved from a paired fin. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the girdle and its parts.


Codeine

A  morphinane alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.


Chromosomes, Human

A structure found in the nucleus of human cells that is comprised of a strand of linearized double-stranded DNA plus proteins that package the DNA in a condensed coil form and regulate chromosomal function.


sodium bicarbonate 700 MG / sodium chloride 2300 MG Powder for Nasal Solution


benzocaine 100 MG/ML / isopropyl alcohol 0.59 ML/ML Medicated Pad


Methamphetamine

A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.


gram-positive bacterial infections

Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.


Heroin

A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.


Abdominal pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the abdomen.


Peripheral Nerve Infection, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by an infectious process involving the peripheral nerves.


heroin dependence

Physical and psychological dependence on the drug heroin.


ophthalmic artery

The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic foramen/canal. [WP,modified].


Polyphagia

A neurological anomaly with gross overeating associated with an abnormally strong desire or need to eat.


Craving

The desire to experience the effect(s) of a previously used psycho-active substance. It has to be noted that not all drug craving is based on withdrawal, since craving can often occur in the absence of withdrawal.


Systemic autoinflammation

Dysregulation of the innate immune system characterized by systemic pathobiology, i.e., with symptoms that can affect the entire body.


Suicidal ideation

Frequent thoughts about or preoccupation with killing oneself.


hereditary North American Indian childhood cirrhosis

Hereditary North American Indian childhood cirrhosis is a severe autosomal recessive intrahepatic cholestasis that has only been described in aboriginal children from northwestern Quebec. Manifesting first as transient neonatal jaundice, the disease evolves into periportal fibrosis and cirrhosis during a period ranging from childhood to adolescence.


luciferase-like monooxygenase

A protein that is a translation product of the Escherichia coli K-12 yhbW gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


An X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of chicken.


heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0

A protein that is a translation product of the human HNRNPD gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Addictive spending behavior

An uncontrollable urge to shop and spend money can lead to distress or impairment.


keratoconus and congenital hip dysplasia


Impaired social interactions

Difficulty interacting with others through emotional, physical, or verbal communication.


opioid abuse

A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of opioid drugs despite negative consequences.


health-related quality of life measurement"@e


defense response against perturbation of plasma membrane integrity

The cellular processes and signaling pathways by which a cell responds to disruption of the integrity of its plasma membrane by another organism. Some toxins produced by other organisms can form pores in membranes, or affect the membrane permeability.


enterocyte of epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine

An enterocyte that is part of the epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine.


Chronic Disease

A disease condition that persists over a significant span of time.


benign neoplasm

A neoplasm which is characterized by the absence of morphologic features associated with malignancy (severe cytologic atypia, tumor cell necrosis, and high mitotic rate). Benign neoplasms remain confined to the original site of growth and do not metastasize to other anatomic sites.


Ghrelin agonists (gastric motility disorder)


poisoning

A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent.


cardiovascular disorder

A disease involving the cardiovascular system.


Portal Flow Reversal

An abnormal flow pattern where the portal venous flow is from the periphery of the liver towards the porta and backwards along the portal vein. It is most typically associated with liver disease.


centromere clustering

The process by which centromeres/kinetochores become localized to clusters.


maternal phenylketonuria

Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare disorder of phenylalanine metabolism, an inborn error of amino acid metabolism, characterized by the development of microcephaly, growth retardation, congenital heart disease, facial dysmorphism and intellectual disability in nonphenylketonuric offspring of mothers with excess phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations.


thalamic glomerulus

Synaptic structure found in thalamic relay nuclei consising of a complex of afferent terminals, relay cell dendrites, interneuron dendrites and other processes. These complexes are surrounded by astrocytic processes.


Anxiety, CTCAE 5.0

A disorder characterized by apprehension of danger and dread accompanied by restlessness, tension, tachycardia, and dyspnea unattached to a clearly identifiable stimulus.


positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


Resting ECG Changes

Any new or worsening ST or T wave changes present in two or more contiguous leads that occur when a patient is experiencing neither physical nor chemical stressors.


Expected Adverse Event

Any adverse event associated with a medical product or procedure, whose nature and severity have been previously observed, identified in nature, severity, or frequency, and documented in the investigator brochure, investigational plan, protocol, current consent form, scientific publication, or in other relevant and reliable document. The old term Side Effect is retired and should not be used.


breast implant illness

A syndrome that is characterized by fatigue, problems with memory or concentration, joint and muscle pain, hair loss, weight changes and anxiety/depression. This syndrome may be related to breast implants


A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


inflammation of heart layer

An inflammatory disease involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the heart layer.


intestinal epithelium

Epithelial layer that lines the intestine.


disruption of host phagocytosis

A process in which in a symbiont interferes with or inhibits host phagocytosis by targeting phagocytic signaling or the cellular phagocytic machinery. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


POPD1_PIG Blood vessel epicardial substance (sprot)


inflammatory bowel disease

A spectrum of small and large bowel inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology. It includes Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and colitis of indeterminate type.


blue nevus

An intradermal nevus characterized by the presence of benign pigmented dendritic spindle-shaped melanocytes. It most frequently occurs in the skin of the distal upper extremities, followed by the lower extremities, scalp, face, and buttocks. It usually presents as a single blue or blue-black papular lesion less than 1cm in diameter. Simple excision is usually curative.


Eurycea cf. troglodytes 'Finnegan Spring'


Toxicology Finding

The results of any analysis that determine the toxicity of a chemical compound.


secondary hyperparathyroidism

Overproduction of parathyroid hormone in response to influence external to the parathyroid glands.


dexpanthenol 10 MG/ML / niacinamide 100 MG/ML / pyridoxine hydrochloride 10 MG/ML / riboflavin 5 MG/ML / thiamine hydrochloride 100 MG/ML / vitamin B12 0.1 MG/ML Injectable Solution


milk

An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation.


Phenobarbital

A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.


Impaired glucose tolerance

An abnormal resistance to glucose, i.e., a reduction in the ability to maintain glucose levels in the blood stream within normal limits following oral or intravenous administration of glucose.


hallucinogen dependence

A drug dependence for a hallucinogenic substance.


neural groove

The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds.


intervertebral disk of lumbar vertebra

An intervertebral disk that is part of a lumbar region of vertebral column. A lumbar intervertebral disk connects at least one lumbar vertebra, either to another thoracic vertebra, or at one point on the vertebral colummn, to a sacral vertebra.


degenerative myopia

Excessive axial myopia associated with complications (especially posterior staphyloma and choroidal neovascularization) that can lead to blindness.


relaxation of smooth muscle

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.


lymphedema-atrial septal defects-facial changes syndrome

Lymphedema-atrial septal defects-facial changes syndrome is characterized by congenital lymphoedema of the lower limbs, atrial septal defect and a characteristic facies (a round face with a prominent forehead, a flat nasal bridge with a broad nasal tip, epicanthal folds, a thin upper lip and a cleft chin). It has been described in two brothers and a sister. Transmission appears to be autosomal recessive.


collagen alpha-1(III) chain

A collagen alpha chain that is a translation product of the human COL3A1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


bone marrow disorder

Any disease of the bone marrow.


collagen type IV alpha chain

A collagen alpha chain that is a translation product of the human COL4A1, COL4A2, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, or COL4A6 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof.


complement C3, signal peptide removed form

A complement C3 that has had the signal peptide removed. Example: UniProtKB:P01024, 23-1663.


vertebral endplate

Either of the the top and bottom portions of the vertebral bodies that interface with the vertebral discs. It is composed of a layer of thickened cancellous bone.


intervertebral disk degenerative disorder

Any disease of a degenerative nature that affects the intervertebral disk.


Non-mass-like Enhancement

An area of enhancement on MRI that does not belong to a 3D mass or have distinct features of a mass. These lesions are characterized by their distribution, internal enhancement pattern, and symmetry (or lack thereof). (BI-RADS)


yellow bone marrow

Bone marrow in which the fat cells predominate in the meshes of the reticular network.


Abnormal experience of reality

Subjective phenomena or perceptions that deviate from what is considered correct or are outside the range of normal human experiences.


specific learning disability

Diagnosed when there are specific deficits in an individualbs ability to perceive or process information efficiently and accurately. This disorder first manifests during the years of formal schooling and is characterized by persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundational academic skills in reading, writing, and/or math. The individualbs performance of the affected academic skills is well below average for age, or acceptable performance levels are achieved only with extraordinary effort. Specific learning disorder may occur in individuals identified as intellectually gifted and manifest only when the learning demands or assessment procedures (e.g., timed tests) pose barriers that cannot be overcome by their innate intelligence and compensatory strategies. For all individuals, specific learning disorder can produce lifelong impairments in activities dependent on the skills, including occupational performance. (from dsm-V)


appendage musculature

Any collection of muscles that is part of an appendage.


Ejection Fraction Decreased

A finding indicating a decrease in the volume of blood ejected during ventricular heart contraction.


DeBakey Aortic Dissection Classification

The type of aortic dissection present as defined by the DeBakey Classification System (DeBakey ME, Henly WS, Cooley DA, Morris GC Jr, Crawford ES, Beall AC Jr. Surgical management of dissecting aneurysms of the aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1965;49:130-149).


paraspinal region

The region of the body adjacent to the vertebral column.


Bone Marrow, Vertebral

Bone marrow in a vertebral bone.


thigh muscle fat infiltration measurement"@e


positive regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.


Kinesiophobia

An excessive, irrational, and debilitating fear of carrying out a physical movement due to a feeling of vulnerability to painful injury or reinjury.


Back Pain, CTCAE 5.0

A disorder characterized by a sensation of marked discomfort in the back region.


therapy-related myeloid neoplasm

Acute myeloid leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents and/or radiation that are used for the treatment of neoplastic or non-neoplastic disorders.


collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


Self-neglect

Neglecting one's own needs and well-being.


Musculoskeletal Pain

Pain that originates in the bones, muscles, tendons or ligaments.


response to host immune response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


fluorocarbon

Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon.


gut granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gut granule.


Birth history

Information about the delivery and health status at birth typically elicited as a part of the past medical history.


Feeding difficulties

Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.


Musculoskeletal Finding

Symptoms, physical examination results, and/or laboratory rest results related to the muscles and bones.


Insufficient Anesthesia

A state of consciousness that permits the formation of explicit and implicit memories while under general anesthesia.


interoceptive system

The system that is responsible for sensing the internal state of the body.


Affective epileptic aura

Affective auras with subjective qualities similar to those experienced in life but are recognized by the subject as occurring outside of actual context.


Bradypnea

Bradypnea is referring to breathing that is abnormally slow.


Abnormal peer relationships

The state of having abnormal relationships with others. This does not describe specific aspects of one's social aptitudes but rather a state which may come about from these aptitudes, such as lacking peer relationships or lacking close friends.


stigma development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stigma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stigma is the pollen-receptive surface of a carpel or group of fused carpels, usually sticky.


Orthocoronavirinae infectious disease

Infectious disease causes by viruses in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae (coronaviruses). In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that can be mild, such as some cases of the common cold (among other possible causes, predominantly rhinoviruses), and others that can be lethal, such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.


Emotional Distress

Disturbed mental state characterized by moodiness, irritability, agitation, anxiety, and/or depression resulting from physical or mental stress.


Well Marginated Nodule

The nodule margin can be outlined with your pencil. Spiculated margins are not necessarily poorly marginated; ground glass nodules may be well marginated.


functioning endocrine neoplasm

A hormone producing endocrine neoplasm, associated with a hormonal syndrome.


Streptomycin, Antibiotic for Culture Media Use Only


cerebellar dysfunction with variable cognitive and behavioral abnormalities

Non-progressive cerebellar ataxia with intellectual deficit is a rare subtype of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type 1 (ADCA type 1) characterized by the onset in infancy of cerebellar ataxia, neonatal hypotonia (in some), mild developmental delay and, in later life, intellectual disability. Less common features include dysarthria, dysmetria and dysmorphic facial features (long face, bulbous nose long philtrum, thick lower lip and pointed chin).


Atypical behavior

Atypical behavior is an abnormality in a person's actions, which can be controlled or modulated by the will of the individual. While abnormal behaviors can be difficult to control, they are distinct from other abnormal actions that cannot be affected by the individual's will.


dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma

An aggressive morphologic variant of chondrosarcoma. It is composed of a low grade chondrosarcoma and a high grade non-cartilagenous sarcomatous component. Due to the aggressive nature of the disease, its prognosis is poor.


herpetic whitlow

A painful blister of the periungual skin that is caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2.


quality of life during menstruation measurement


Methylprednisolone

The 6alpha-stereoisomer of  6-methylprednisolone.


immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a cell, leading to the activation or perpetuation of an immune response.


positive regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


A signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 that is encoded in the genome of chicken.


CREB-binding protein

A transcription adapter with TAZ, KIX and bromo-domains that is a translation product of the human CREBBP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


masseter muscle

Pharyngeal arch 1 muscle that participates in oral/pharyngeal behaviors, is innervated by masseteric nerve branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), and attaches to mandible and zygomatic arch.


Nortriptyline

An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of  amitriptyline.


Ocular pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the eye.


Vivid hallucination

Perceptual experiences that are vivid, intense, and sensory in nature occur in the absence of corresponding stimuli from the external environment.


Tension-type headache

A type of headache that last hours with continuous pain of mild or moderate intensity, bilateral location, a pressing/tightening (non-pulsating) quality and that is not aggravated by routine physical activity such as walking or climbing stairs.


neurotrophic keratopathy

Neurotrophic keratopathy is a rare degenerative disease of the cornea characterized by reduction or loss of corneal sensitivity that can be asymptomatic or present with red-eye and, during the early stages of the disease, a minor decrease in visual acuity. It eventually leads to loss of vision.


Symptoms Consistent with COVID-19

An indication that an individual's symptoms are consistent with a diagnosis of COVID-19.


clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels

The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.


Negative affectivity

A tendency to experience negative emotions, i.e., a disposition to experience aversive emotional states.


cluster

A cluster is a number of metal centres grouped close together which can have direct metal bonding interactions or interactions through a bridging ligand, but are not necessarily held together by these interactions.


Moderate Baseline Fetal Heart Rate Variability

A baseline fetal heart rate with a detectable amplitude range that is greater than or equal to 6 but less than or equal to 25 beats per minute.


opioid receptor protein

A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor that is a translation product of the human OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1, or OPRL1 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof.


nucleus accumbens

A region of the brain consisting of a collection of neurons located in the forebrain ventral to the caudate and putamen. (caudoputamen in rodent) and continuous with these structures. There is no distinct boundary between the nucleus accumbens and the caudate/putamen, but in rodents, it can be identified by its lack of traversing fiber bundles in comparison to the dorsal striatum. Its principle neuron is the medium spiny neuron. Together with the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the nucleus accumbens forms the striatum.


Lumbar Puncture Headache

Headache in erect position, after lumbar puncture; due to lowering of intracranial pressure by leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the needle tract.


Headache

Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.


factors VIII, IX and XI, combined deficiency of


A lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.


influenza

An acute viral infection of the respiratory tract, occurring in isolated cases, in epidemics, or in pandemics; it is caused by serologically different strains of viruses (influenzaviruses) designated A, B, and C, has a 3-day incubation period, and usually lasts for 3 to 10 days. It is marked by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, pharynx, and conjunctiva; headache; myalgia; often fever, chills, and prostration; and occasionally involvement of the myocardium or central nervous system.


swine influenza

An acute viral respiratory infection caused by a strain of influenza virus which is endemic in swine (pigs). Rarely reported in humans prior to 2009, the disease is caused by a mutated strain of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus. It is highly contagious and spreads mainly through coughing and sneezing. Signs and symptoms include fever, chills, coughing, sore throat headache, muscle ache, and generalized weakness. Antiviral medications are most effective in the first two days of the illness.


T-Cells, B-Cells and Natural Killer Cells Absent

A hematology test result indicating that a subject's T-cells, B-cells and natural killer cells are either absent or found at abnormally low amounts.


I3NBA6_ICTTR Ly1 antibody reactive (trembl)


ESCHERICHIA COLI HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN


A0A6J8AWY3_MYTCO Serum response factor homolog A,Serum response factor,Serum response factor homolog B,Serum response factor homolog (trembl)


antibody secreting cell

A lymphocyte of B lineage that is devoted to secreting large amounts of immunoglobulin.


IgA-inducing protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human IGIP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


G9KAG2_MUSPF Antigen p97 identified by monoclonal antibodies 133.2 and 96.5 (Fragment) (trembl)


sympathetic ophthalmia

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis usually occurring within the three months following trauma or a surgical procedure involving one eye.


sympathetic ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


nerve of cervical vertebra

The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted].


fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion

The group of nerve cell bodies located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra.


EEG with generalized low amplitude activity

An abnormal generalized reduction in amplitude of the cerebral electrical activity recorded along the scalp by electroencephalography (EEG).


spinal cord injury

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).


positive regulation of microglial cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.


Exercise induced anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis after physical activity.


Pioglitazone

A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.


Azithromycin

A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.


diabetes mellitus

A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels due to diminished production of insulin or insulin resistance/desensitization.


ceruloplasmin

A protein that is a translation product of the human CP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Guillain-Barre syndrome, familial

A form of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) that occurs in persons or families with a genetic predisposition to the acute or chronic forms of GBS. Note that GBS is considered to be a complex multifactorial disorder with both genetic and environmental factors, and families with clear Mendelian inheritance have been rarely reported: a mutation in the PMP22 gene (601097) on chromosome 17 was identified in a single family with the acute (AIDP) and chronic (CIDP) forms of inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.


chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

A rare neurological disorder in which there is inflammation of nerve roots and peripheral nerves and destruction of the fatty protective covering (myelin sheath) over the nerves. This affects how fast the nerve signals are transmitted and leads to loss of nerve fibers. This causes weakness, paralysis and/or impairment in motor function, especially of the arms and legs (limbs). Sensory disturbance may also be present. The motor and sensory impairments usually affect both sides of the body (symmetrical), and the degree of severity and the course of disease may vary from case to case. Some affected individuals may follow a slow steady pattern of symptoms while others may have symptoms that stabilize and then relapse.


A0A6L6Y1H2_9ENTR Omptin family outer membrane protease Kop (trembl)


rl

A protein that is a translation product of the rl gene in fruit fly.


polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15

A protein that is a translation product of the human ALOX15 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Methylglyoxal

A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.


A protein that is a translation product of the TRPA1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.


aurora kinase A and ninein-interacting protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human AUNIP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Cholesterol

A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.


lipid

'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.


angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.


atherosclerosis

Build-up of fatty material and calcium deposition in the arterial wall resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the arterial lumen.


acute lung injury

A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (pulmonary edema) rich in neutrophils, and in the absence of clinical heart failure. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).


A0A6G1R1G5_9TELE Potassium channel subfamily K member 18 Tresk-2 Two-pore-domain potassium channel TRESK (trembl)


trigeminal ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


afferent loop syndrome

A complication of gastrojejunostomy (billroth II procedure), a reconstructive gastroenterostomy. It is caused by acute (complete) or chronic (intermittent) obstruction of the afferent jejunal loop due to hernia, intussusception, kinking, volvulus, etc. It is characterized by pain and vomiting of bile-stained fluid.


nanoparticle

A nanosized spherical or capsule-shaped structure.


Endosomes

A membrane bound cytoplasmic compartment that drives molecular traffic between the plasma membrane and lysosome.


Aprepitant

A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.


gABAergic system

Any molecule, protein, cell, tissue or organ that is related to GABA.


central amygdaloid nucleus

The output region of the amygdala responsible for controlling responses (Phelps & LeDoux, 2005, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 16242399).


synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


parafascicular nucleus

Part of the posterior (caudal) intralaminar group of thalamic nuclei, located medial to the centromedian nucleus and ventral to the dorsomedial nuclei, that is associated with the limbic and associative striatum.


secondary somatosensory cortex

The area of the upper bank of the lateral sulcus that is involved in somatic sensation.


lateral ventricle glial cell

Glial cell of lateral ventricle.


membrane raft assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane raft, a small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes.


allograft inflammatory factor 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human AIF1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


sphingolipid

Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone.


Indomethacin

A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.


NRCAM

A neuronal cell adhesion molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


Olg antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide


cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human CARTPT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


panniculitis

Inflammation of the subcutaneous adipose tissue.


operant conditioning

Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior.


dementia pugilistica

Conditions characterized by persistent brain damage or dysfunction as sequelae of cranial trauma. This disorder may result from diffuse axonal injury; intracranial hemorrhages; brain edema; and other conditions. Clinical features may include dementia; focal neurologic deficits; persistent vegetative state; akinetic mutism; or coma.


Meloxicam

A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.


A0A1S2VQX2_9BACT Transforming growth factor (trembl)


neuronal pentraxin receptor activity

Combining with a neuronal pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


tibia

The major preaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape].


germinal center

A collection of activated B cells at the center of a secondary follicle, formed after B cells become activated and migrate to the center.


T follicular helper cell

A CD4-positive, CXCR5-positive, CCR7-negative alpha-beta T cell located in follicles of secondary lymph nodes that is BCL6-high, ICOS-high and PD1-high, and stimulates follicular B cells to undergo class-switching and antibody production.


IgM heavy chain protein

An immunoglobulin heavy chain protein in which the constant region is encoded by the IgM gene segment.


Ketamine

A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.


Impairment of galactose metabolism

An impairment of galactose metabolism.


somite rostral/caudal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the rostro-caudal axis of a somite, prior to the morphological formation of a somite boundary.


Heat intolerance

The inability to maintain a comfortable body temperature in warm or hot weather.


O45146_CAEEL Embryonic mRna (mRNA) Anterior (trembl)


A0A8C2QET8_CRIGR Phosphoinositide-interacting regulator of transient receptor potential channels (trembl)


A0A922ISJ9_SCHHA Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic (trembl)


A0A3V0YXY6_SALET Resembles potassium channels (trembl)


A0A8S5RBG4_9VIRU Sodium channel protein, Voltage-gated sodium gated sodium channel, MEMBRANE (trembl)


postganglionic sympathetic fiber

A noradrenergic or adrenergic axonal fiber projecting from a sympathetic ganglion to an effector organ.


neuroma

A tumor that grows from a nerve or is composed of nerve cells and nerve fibers.


CDK5 and ABL1 enzyme substrate 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human CABLES1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


transient receptor potential cation channel TRPA

A transient receptor potential channel protein that is a member of the subfamily A of the transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPs), with amino- and carboxyl-terminal intracellular domains separated by a domain (common with other ion channels) containing six transmembrane helices (S1-S6) in which the last two helices (S5 and S6) flank a loop, called the pore loop, which determines ion selectivity. The amino-terminal domain contains 14-16 copies of Ankyrin repeat (Pfam:PF00023). Most TRPs are relatively non-selective. They may be modulated by voltage changes but channel gating is generally effected by other means.


voltage-gated calcium channel protein

A voltage-gated ion channel protein that has voltage-gated calcium channel activity. A voltage-gated calcium channel enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


synaptophysin

A protein that is a translation product of the human SYP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


neuropeptide Y

A protein that is a translation product of the human NPY gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Q5FVH5_RAT Neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 (trembl)


autoimmune interstitial lung disease-arthritis syndrome

A respiratory disease characterized by interstitial lung disease (often with pulmonary hemorrhage) and inflammatory arthritis, associated with high-titer autoantibodies (including anti-nuclear and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and rheumatoid factor). Patients present from infancy to adolescence with tachypnea, cough, hemoptysis, and/or joint pain. Some patients may also develop glomerular disease.


Gabapentin

A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.


Ketorolac

A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.


adult astrocytic tumor

An astrocytic tumor occurring during adulthood. Representative examples include diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and glioblastoma.


CHOP-ATF3 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) subunits.


Ankle pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the ankle.


legumain

A protein that is a translation product of the human LGMN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the oral cavity. It affects predominantly adults in their fifth and sixth decades of life and is associated with alcohol and tobacco use. Human papillomavirus is present in approximately half of the cases. It is characterized by a tendency to metastasize early to the lymph nodes. When the tumor is small, patients are often asymptomatic. Physical examination may reveal erythematous or white lesions or plaques. The majority of patients present with signs and symptoms of locally advanced disease including mucosal ulceration, pain, difficulty with speaking, chewing, and swallowing, bleeding, weight loss, and neck swelling. Patients may also present with swollen neck lymph nodes without any symptoms from the oropharyngeal tumor. The most significant prognostic factors are the size of the tumor and the lymph nodes status.


arrestin-C

A protein that is a translation product of the human ARR3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A C-C chemokine receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


radiculopathy

Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see spinal nerve roots) which may result from compression related to intervertebral disk displacement; spinal cord injuries; spinal diseases; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.


The process of immune complex clearance by erythrocytes. The process often starts with binding of complement receptor 1 (CR1) on the surface of erythrocytes to a complement coated immune complex. The complex bound to erythrocyte CR1 is then transported to the liver or spleen where it is presented to phagocytes. The process ends when the complex is removed from CR1, allowing the erythrocyte to return to general circulation.


complex regional pain syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a rare neurologic disease painful progressive condition that corresponds to a group of disorders characterized by a disproportionate spontaneous or stimulus-induced pain, accompanied by a variably mixed myriad of autonomic and motor disorders including symptoms such as swelling, allodynia, skin blood supply and trophic disturbances. CRPS most often affects one of the arms, legs, hands, or feet and usually occurs after an injury or trauma to that limb.


A C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1

A C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor that is a translation product of the human C5AR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligand is C5a anaphylatoxin.


IgG heavy chain protein

An immunoglobulin heavy chain protein in which the constant region is encoded by some IgG gene segment.


A0A1T3C6T0_9HYPO PTH11-type GPCRs protein (trembl)


mesenchymal stem cell

A connective tissue cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses. In humans, this cell type is CD73-positive, CD90-positive, CD105-positive, CD45-negative, CD34-negative, and MHCII-negative. They may further differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, myocytes, neurons, or chondroblasts in vitro. Originally described as residing in the bone marrow, this cell type is now known to reside in many, if not all, adult organs.


peripheral neuropathy

A disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. It manifests with pain, tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness. It may be the result of physical injury, toxic substances, viral diseases, diabetes, renal failure, cancer, and drugs.


A0A0B5H157_PIG IL-10 (Fragment) (trembl)


peripheral nerve schwannoma

A benign, usually encapsulated slow growing tumor of the peripheral nervous system composed of Schwann cells. It recurs infrequently and only rare cases associated with malignant transformation have been reported.


A0A836J764_9ROSI ZCF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (trembl)


immune-complex glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli characterized by the accumulation of antibody-antigen immune complexes, resulting in glomerular damage and impaired kidney function.


immunoglobulin mediated immune response

An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution.


clathrin interactor 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human CLINT1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Immunologic hypersensitivity

Immunological states where the immune system produces harmful responses upon reexposure to sensitising antigens.


Spontaneous pain sensation

Spontaneous pain is a kind of neuropathic pain which occurs without an identifiable trigger.


Isosakuranetin

A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).


Primidone

A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an  anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.


A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV4 that is encoded in the genome of chicken.


TRPM8 channel-associated factor 2

A protein that is a translation product of the human TCAF2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


trigeminal sensory nucleus

The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): * The mesencephalic nucleus * The chief sensory nucleus (or pontine nucleus or main sensory nucleus or primary nucleus) * The spinal trigeminal nucleus[WP].


sensory neuron of spinal nerve

A sensory neuron of the spinal nerve that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord.


A substance-P receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


calcium-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions.


An interleukin-6 that is encoded in the genome of rat.


Lymphadenopathy

Enlargment (swelling) of a lymph node.