prostaglandin J receptor activity

Combining with prostaglandin J (PGJ(2)), a metabolite of prostaglandin D (PGD(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


growth hormone secretagogue receptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Combining with ghrelin to initiate a change in cell activity.


myoblast fate commitment involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which the developmental fate of a satellite cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


cellular response to nitrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.


regulation of striated muscle tissue development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.


positive regulation of maternal process involved in parturition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maternal process involved in parturition.


membrane curvature sensor activity

Preferential binding of proteins on curved membranes. The binding to curved membranes by insertion (aka wedging) to curved membranes is mediated by both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces of the helix of membrane curvature sensing (MCS) proteins.


oleoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oleic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + oleoyl-CoA.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


nitrite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitrite (NO2-) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


trans-zeatin-O-glucoside UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + O-beta-D-glucosyl-trans-zeatin = H+ + trans-zeatin-O-glucoside-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


JUN phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into a JUN protein.


ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic ethers, any anhydride of the general formula R1-O-R2, formed between two identical or nonidentical organic hydroxy compounds.


enteroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are hormonally active epithelial cells in the gut that constitute the diffuse neuroendocrine system.


brain morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).


4,9-DSHA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3E,1Z)-4,5-9,10-diseco-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxoandrosta-1(10),2-diene-4-oate + H2O = (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oate + H+.


Atg12 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG12, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


GDP-mannose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


DNA ligation involved in DNA recombination

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA recombination.


regulation of compound eye pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


quercetin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quercetin.


negative regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ephrin receptor signaling pathway.


metanephric glomerular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


methionine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine.


fungal-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fungal-type cell wall.


lens fiber cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities.


positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: myo-inositol(out) + Na+(out) = myo-inositol(in) + Na+(in).


DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing

The DNA metabolic process, occurring during lagging strand synthesis, by which RNA primers are removed from Okazaki fragments, the resulting gaps filled by DNA polymerization, and the ends ligated to form a continuous strand.


ciliary transition fiber assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition fiber.


nucleoside oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: inosine + O2 = 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O; (1a) 2 inosine + O2 = 2 5'-dehydroinosine + 2 H2O, and (1b) 2 5'-dehydroinosine + O2 = 2 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + 2 H2O.


long descending thin limb bend development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb bend over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb bend is a part of the descending thin limb of a long nephron that lies beyond the prebend segment.


adult heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone protein.


virion binding

Binding to a virion, either by binding to components of the capsid or the viral envelope.


metanephric glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus.


specification of plant organ position

The regionalization process in which information that determines the correct position at which plant organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new plant organ.


piperitol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (+)-pinoresinol + NADPH + O2 <=> (+)-piperitol + NADP + 2 H2O.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


L-kynurenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-kynurenine, the L-enantiomer of the amino acid kynurenine (3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine).


peptidyl-dipeptidase activity

Catalysis of the release of C-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N7-methylguanine.


collagen-activated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by collagen binding to a cell surface receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


2,4-dichlorobenzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


mycolate cell wall layer assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including arabinogalactan mycolate and trehalose dimycolate, to form the mycolate layer of the Actinobacterium-type cell wall. The mycolate layer is physically attached to the peptidoglycan layer.


positive regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.


haustorium neck formation

The assembly by the symbiont of a neck-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. The neck-like structure connects haustorium mother cell and haustorium. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to methotrexate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


response to olanzapine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an olanzapine stimulus.


negative regulation of lipid localization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization.


regulation of pro-T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.


high-affinity basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have a pH above 7. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


sarcosine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + methylamine + thioredoxin disulfide = N-methylglycine + phosphate + thioredoxin.


cord factor receptor activity

Combining with a cord factor, an M. tuberculosis cell wall glycolipid, and transmitting a signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


ectodermal placode formation

The developmental process in which an ectodermal placode forms. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.


PLC activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that binds glutamate and is linked to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium signaling system.


RNA-templated transcription

The synthesis of an RNA transcript from an RNA template.


mitotic anaphase

The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


tri-(coumaroyl or caffeoyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on tricoumaroyl spermidine or any of its mono- or dicaffeoyl spermidine derivatives.


cellular response to tetracycline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetracycline stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


negative regulation of killing of cells of another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.


vanillate amino acid synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + ATP + amino acid = vanillate amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


peristalsis

A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards.


galacturonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


D-arginine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arginine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid arginine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


L-glucuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NADP+ = D-glucuronate + H+ + NADPH.


acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from ethanol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from ethanol via acetaldehyde.


P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex localization

Any process in which the P-TEFb-cap methyltransferase complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


cellular response to mercaptoethanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercaptoethanol stimulus.


positive regulation of cellobiose metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-1-phosphatidylethanolamine + L-serine <=> L-1-phosphatidylserine + ethanolamine.


vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ERGIC. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.


acireductone dioxygenase [iron(II)-requiring] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + formate + H+.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: fucose(out) + H+(out) = fucose(in) + H+(in).


dimethyl sulfoxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfoxide + H+ = dimethyl sulfide + H2O.


sesquiterpene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate = a sesquiterpene + diphosphate. Sesquiterpenes are terpenes containing three isoprene units, i.e. 15 carbons.


plant parenchymal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a parenchymal cell. Parenchymal cells are the most abundant and versatile cells in plants. They have very few distinguishing characteristics and botanists classify them as any cell type that cannot be assigned to any other structural or functional class. They can redifferentiate and dedifferentiate and are involved in storage, basic metabolism and other processes. The cells are polyhedral, typically with thin, non-lignified cellulose cell walls and nucleate living protoplasm. They vary in size, form, and wall structure.


regulation of endodermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.


regulation of cilium movement

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


detection of biotic stimulus

The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.


establishment of blood-retinal barrier

Establishment of the barrier between the blood and the retina. The blood-retinal barrier is located at two levels, forming an outer barrier in the retinal pigment epithelium and an inner barrier in the endothelial membrane of the retinal vessels. Both these membranes have tight junctions of the 'nonleaky' type.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',5-dihydroxy-3,4',7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.


negative regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.


renal albumin absorption

A renal system process in which albumin is taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron.


3-cyano-L-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-cyano-L-alanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol + CTP = 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


polychlorinated biphenyl binding

Binding to a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), a biphenyl compound containing between 2 and 10 chlorine atoms attached to the two benzene rings.


positive regulation of sporangium germination

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination.


neurotransmitter biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.


IAA-Phe conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetyl-phenylalanine + H2O = indole-3-acetate + phenylalanine.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + H+(out) = galactose(in) + H+(in).


sulfur compound binding

Binding to a sulfur compound.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.


melanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage

Any process that generates a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


response to dithiothreitol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dithiothreitol stimulus.


lithium ion binding

Binding to a lithium ion (Li+).


branched-chain amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


HLA-C specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-C subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


berbamunine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of berbamunine, an isoquinoline alkaloid.


alcohol O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an acetyl ester.


negative regulation of lymphocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-amino-4-dehydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N,N-dimethylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + H2O = NADH + 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


striated muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of striated muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Striated muscles contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.


P-TEFb complex binding

Binding to a P-TEFb complex.


rhombomere 7 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 7 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


seed abscission

The controlled shedding of a seed.


epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an epithelial cell that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine

The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glutamine to produce N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine.


behavioral defense response to nematode

A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes to that organism.


10-deacetylbaccatin III 10-O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deacetylbaccatin III + acetyl-CoA = baccatin III + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


metanephric mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(645) in 25S rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(1)-methyladenine(645) in 25S rRNA.


canonical glycolysis

The glycolytic process that begins with the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by glucokinase activity. Glycolytic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.


aspartic acid methylthiotransferase activity

Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) of the beta-carbon of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid.


response to irinotecan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an irinotecan stimulus.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


prostatic bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.


negative regulation of cellobiose metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose metabolic process.


reticuline oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-reticuline + O2 = (S)-scoulerine + H2O2 + H+.


negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate.


porphyrin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.


regulation of glial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.


negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process by which one organism decreases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


negative regulation of hyphopodium formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


protein localization to mast cell secretory granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.


positive regulation of NK T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.


interleukin-8 production

The appearance of interleukin-8 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O + NAD+ = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + 2 H+ + NADH.


regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.


dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate during dorsal closure. Leading edge cells are the dorsal-most cells of the migrating epidermis.


Catalysis of the reaction: a halohydrin = an epoxide + a hydrogen halide.


circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nucleus

The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with an MHC class Ib protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.


regulation of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway.


envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.


O-glycan processing, core 3

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 3 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc.


protein depalmitoleylation

The removal of palmitoleyl group, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from a lipoprotein.


non-lytic viral release

The exit of a viral particle from a host cell that does not involve cell lysis.


magnetoreception

The series of events required for an organism to receive a stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Stimuli may be chemical, mechanical or electrical and interpreting these stimuli allows an organism to determine the orientation of a magnetic field. Magnetoreception also involves the perception of light; birds cannot orient without the presence of short wavelength (blue/green) light.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, with a copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and a copper protein is the acceptor.


positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


N-terminal peptidyl-serine methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = coniferin + UDP.


cAMP binding

Binding to cAMP, the nucleotide cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


arylacetonitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + 4-chlorophenylacetonitrile = 4-chlorophenylacetate + NH3.


anal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


urease activity

Catalysis of the reaction: urea + H2O = CO2 + 2 NH3.


fructose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-exo-hydroxycamphor + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-diketocamphane.


chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 6'-sulfate.


negative regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.


cellular modified amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


aldoxime metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldoximes, compounds derived by the reaction of an aldose with hydroxylamine, thus containing the aldoxime group -HC=NOH.


gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamus

The directional movement of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone producing neuron from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus.


Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi medial cisterna-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.


positive regulation of acrosome reaction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.


phenylalanine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + H2O + NAD+ = phenylpyruvate + NH3 + NADH.


fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

A process in which force is generated within fast-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fast-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by fast time parameters, high force development and fatiguability.


pyruvate family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


positive regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.


negative regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


evasion by virus of host dendritic cell activity

Any process by which a virus avoids the effects mediated by the host organism's dendritic cells.


tRNA guanine ribose methylation

The process whereby a guanosine residue in a tRNA is methylated on the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose moiety.


negative regulation of renal water transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.


response to flooding

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water.


pronephric field specification

The process in which regions of the embryo are delineated into the area in which the pronephric kidney will develop.


regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.


chromate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chromate from one side of a membrane to the other. Chromate is the anion of chromic acid, H2CrO4 (aq) or CrO3.


response to trichodermin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate.


regulation of saliva secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva from a cell or a tissue.


eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer 8C-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol dibenzoylmethane tautomer + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 8C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol + UDP(3-) + H+.


astrocyte-dopaminergic neuron signaling

Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from an astrocyte to a dopaminergic neuron.


interleukin-7 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-7 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


aldos-2-ulose dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one + H2O; (1a) 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose + H2O and (1b) 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one.


RNA 7-methylguanosine cap binding

Binding to a 7-methylguanosine group added cotranscriptionally to the 5' end of RNA molecules transcribed by polymerase II.


macronucleus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the macronucleus.


cellular response to lead ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.


negative regulation of cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.


response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


netrin-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a netrin protein to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Netrins can act as chemoattractant signals for some cells and chemorepellent signals for others. Netrins also have roles outside of cell and axon guidance.


B cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a B cell.


methylcytosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylcytosine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-hydroxymethylcytosine + succinate + CO2.


post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway

Completion of folding of alpha- and beta-tubulin; takes place subsequent to chaperonin-mediated partial folding; mediated by a complex of folding cofactors.


deoxyuridine 1'-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone + CO2 + succinate + uracil.


viral DNA repair

The process of restoring viral DNA after damage or errors in replication.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.


cellular response to morphine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.


alveolar secondary septum development

The progression of a secondary alveolar septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A secondary alveolar septum is a specialized epithelium that subdivides the initial saccule.


cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

A cell differentiation process that is a part of a reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations.


beta-ureidopropionase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine + H2O = beta-alanine + CO2 + NH3.


negative regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.


clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle

The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-galactonate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + pyruvate.


basement membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the basement membrane.


pyripyropene A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyripyropene A.


telomere maintenance via telomere trimming

A process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure via the activation of telomere shortening pathways that compensate telomerase-dependent excessive telomere elongation. Telomere attrition is mediated by a mechanism which involves the generation of single-stranded C-rich telomeric DNA, and the formation and removal of double-stranded telomeric circular DNA (T-circles). Telomere trimming is an independent pathway to recombination-mediated telomere elongation and the well-documented gradual telomere attrition that accompanies cellular replication.


positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in tissue homeostasis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation resulting in the maintenance of a steady-state number of cells within a tissue.


trimming of second mannose on A branch

The removal of the second alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the A-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.


response to stem cell factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stem cell factor (SCF) stimulus.


N-terminal peptidyl-valine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-valine.


extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.


3'-5' RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template, via extension of the 5'-end.


(S)-limonene 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + H2O + NADP+.


mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.


mitochondrial double-strand break repair

The repair of double-strand breaks in mitochondrial DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.


corticospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a pyramidal cell, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in cerebral cortex layer V towards target cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the corticospinal tract.


mannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannan, a group of polysaccharides containing a backbone composed of a polymer of D-mannose units.


malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NADP+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH + H+.


GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when GABA has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


symbiont defense to host-produced phytoalexin

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, with a flavin as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.


response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.


epoxide dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethene oxide + NAD+ + CoA-SH = NADH + H+ + acetyl-CoA.


cellular response to polyamine macromolecule

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polyamine macromolecule stimulus.


response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure involved in acute-phase response

Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.


negative regulation of trichome patterning

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trichome patterning.


protein localization to mitotic spindle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle.


deoxyguanosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


arsenite secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.


lung field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the foregut into the area in which the lung will develop.


vasculogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis

The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.


detection of muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

The series of events by which a muscle activity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


cellular detoxification of copper ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ions in a cell. These include transport of copper cations away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


early distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the early distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The early distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive.


kidney interstitial fibroblast differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblast of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA = (24E)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA + H2O.


coenzyme F390-G hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F390-G = GMP + coenzyme F420.


positive regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment

Any process that increases the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.


somatostatin signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to a somatostatin receptor (SSTR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil20a in tRNA + NAD(P) = H+ + a uracil20a in tRNA + NAD(P)H.


cellular response to D-galactosamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a D-galactosamine stimulus.


initiation of dorsal closure

Events that occur at the start of dorsal closure.


UDP-glucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


morphogenesis of an endothelium

The process in which the anatomical structure of an endothelium is generated and organized. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


single strand break repair

The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair.


leaf abscission

The controlled shedding of a leaf.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-methionine.


interleukin-22 production

The appearance of interleukin-22 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


tRNA 2-selenouridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine + selenophosphate = 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine + phosphate (at the wobble position in tRNA).


Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan.


negative regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.


The carboxylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-carboxy-L-methionine.


chlorophyllide b:geranyl-geranyl diphosphate geranyl-geranyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + chlorophyllide b(1-) + 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate <=> geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll b + diphosphoric acid.


iodide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of iodide ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


establishment of animal organ orientation

The process that determines the orientation of an animal organ or tissue with reference to an axis.


tetrachloroethylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrachloroethylene, a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines.


phenylalanine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = phenylethylamine + CO2.


regulation of mannotriose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.


cardiac chamber development

The progression of a cardiac chamber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


negative regulation of platelet activation

Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + CTP = 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol + diphosphate.


estrogen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


echolocation

Echolocation is the method used by some animals (e.g. bats, dolphins and some whales) to determine the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it. These animals emit sound waves and listen for the echo, calculating the distance to the object from the time lapse between sound emission and the echo returning.


perillic acid-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP + phosphate + perillyl-CoA.


translocation of peptides or proteins into symbiont

The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tongue muscle cell differentiation.


medullary reticular formation development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medullary reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medullary reticular formation is a series of brain nuclei located in the medulla oblongata.


microtubule organizing center attachment site organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center attachment site. A microtubule organizing center attachment site is a region of the nuclear envelope to which a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) attaches.


cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a parathyroid hormone stimulus.


minus-end directed microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament towards the minus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis. The minus end of an actin filament is the end that does not preferentially add actin monomers.


CCL21-activated CCR7 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to a C-C chemokine type 7 receptor (CCR7) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.


mitochondrial mRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule that derives from the mitochondrial genome.


pentose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


pyridoxamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyridoxamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


central nervous system myelin maintenance

The process in which the structure and material content of mature central nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.


stringent response

A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), a derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a methylated amine group.


peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-phenylalanine

The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-phenylalanine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-phenylalanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-[(5-phospho-1-deoxy-D-ribulos-1-ylimino)methylamino]-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide.


D-arabitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.


neural fold hinge point formation

The formation of the median and lateral hinge points in the neural folds. These are created by apical constriction and basal expansion of the underlying neural cells. The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube.


trisporic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trisporic acid, a carotenoic acid derivative used as a pheromone in some species of Zygomycota.


ATP-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that negatively regulates the sensory perception of pain in a different organism.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic arch baroreceptor feedback

The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the aorta and responding to the input via central nervous system control.


Roundabout signaling pathway involved in muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell

Any Roundabout signaling pathway that is involved in the directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


glial cell projection elongation

The process of creating an elongation or projection from a glial cell.


glycol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycol, a diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.


dorsal fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


specification of segmental identity, thorax

The specification of the characteristic structures of the thoracic segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


xanthine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + H2O = 4-ureido-5-imidazole carboxylate.


viral double stranded DNA replication via reverse transcription

A DNA replication process that uses viral RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strands.


site-specific DNA replication termination

A DNA replication termination process that takes place at a specific termination site.


trans-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-3-chloroacrylic acid + H2O = H+ + malonate semialdehyde.


definitive hemopoiesis

A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood.


methanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methanol + NAD+ = formaldehyde + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of arachidonic acid secretion, the controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue.


nucleobase-containing small molecule biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.


diaminopimelate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O + NADP+ = L-2-amino-6-oxopimelate + H+ + NADPH + NH4.


disruption of tissue in another organism

The disruption of the a tissue of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of that tissue.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


chorion micropyle formation

Establishment of the micropyle, a single cone-shaped specialization of the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate + 1/2 O2 = 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl propionate.


lycopene cleavage oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lycopene + 2 O2 <=> 2 sulcatone + bixin aldehyde.


negative regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell.


protein kinase C signaling

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis.


response to chitin

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.


succinate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + CoA + nucleotide triphosphate = nucleotide diphosphate + phosphate + succinyl-CoA.


regulation of timing of animal organ formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation at a consistent predetermined time point during development.


positive regulation of detection of glucose

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.


L-lysine-lactamase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexano-6-lactam + H2O = L-lysine.


cellular organofluorine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organofluorine compounds, as carried out by individual cells.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


lncRNA transcription

The transcription of lncRNAs, non-coding RNAs over 200 nucleotides in length, from a DNA template.


regulation of autophagosome size

Any process that modulates the size of the autophagosome.


folic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid.


Schwann cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.


D-glucuronate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.


tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H+ + a tRNA uridine34 + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine = AMP + diphosphoric acid + a tRNA 2-thiouridine34 + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-L-cysteine.


degradation of host chromosome by virus

The catabolic breakdown of the DNA of a host chromosome by a virus. This occurs during infection of bacteria by some phages. It frees up a large pool of nucleoside 5'-triphophates for use in viral DNA synthesis.


regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating in cell shape.


positive regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.


regulation of hair follicle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.


brainstem development

The progression of the brainstem from its formation to the mature structure. The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord.


oral/aboral axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a line that delineates the mouth and the anus of an embryo.


thiamine-diphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamin diphosphate = ADP + thiamin triphosphate.


negative regulation of smooth muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development.


negative regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that decreases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.


Catalysis of the reaction: didemethylisoproturon + H2O = 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


carbon tetrachloride catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants.


double-stranded RNA-specific ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in double-stranded RNA molecules.


peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-hydroxyaspartic acid.


regulation of timing of cell differentiation

The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the XXX at a consistent predetermined time point during its development.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.


gibberellin A9 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A9 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A9 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


glandular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.


regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.


glutamate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


superior olivary nucleus structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the superior olivary nucleus structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


4-oxoproline reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-proline + NAD+ = 4-oxoproline + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.


achromobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine

The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-threonine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine (3-methyl-L-lanthionine).


zona limitans intrathalamica formation

The formation of the narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon.


positive regulation of purine nucleoside transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


4-toluenecarboxylate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.


valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. The valyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a valine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


positive regulation of renal water transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport.


striated muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of muscle cells without cell division. In the case of striated muscle, this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.


negative regulation of macrophage proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage proliferation.


cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.


vanillate monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + vanillate = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + formaldehyde + H2O + NAD+.


smooth muscle hyperplasia

A process, occurring in smooth muscle, in which there is an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.


neuron recognition

The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.


plasmid partitioning

Any process in which plasmids are segregated or distributed into daughter cells upon cell division.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9alpha-copalyl diphosphate = diphosphate + syn-isopimara-7,15-diene.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + 2-oxoglutarate = 3-phosphonooxypyruvate + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction:O2 + peregrinol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + labd-13Z-ene-9,15,16-triol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


prosthetic group binding

Binding to a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


methane monooxygenase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methane + NADPH + H+ + O2 = methanol + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mixed phospho-anhydride bonds.


fructose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by neural stimulation via neuromuscular junction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by variation of the pattern of stimulation by nervous system.


dammarenediol 12-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dammarenediol-II + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> (20S)-protopanaxadiol + NADP + H2O.


cytoskeletal protein-membrane anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein or protein complex and a plasma membrane lipid or membrane-associated protein, in order to maintain the localization of the cytoskeleton at a specific cortical membrane location.


UDP-L-rhamnose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + NADPH + H+ = UDP-L-rhamnose + NADP+ + H2O.


female germ-line cyst formation

Formation of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell.


pyrimidine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of mismatched pyrimidine bases in DNA. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove pyrimidines present in mismatches by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apyrimidinic (AP) site.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.


phthalate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid. Phthalic acid diesters are used industrially in the production of a variety of household and consumer goods including plastic polymers, lubricating oils, and carriers for perfumes in cosmetics, while phthalic acid itself is used industrially as a plasticizer. Terephthalate is used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (polyethene terephthlate, abbreviated PET or PETE), a plastic polymer with many commercial uses.


response to mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.


5'-3' DNA helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


cellular response to cadmium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.


D-ribose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-ribose from one side of a membrane to the other. As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.


cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) + ATP = cyclic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (cDPG) + ADP + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-2 H-benzo[h]chromene-2-carboxylate = cis -4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


segmentation

The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: formylaminopyrimidine + H2O <=> 4-amino-5-ammoniomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + formate.


L-lysine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H2O + O2 = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + NH4.


salutaridine reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (7S)-salutaridinol + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + salutaridine.


auditory receptor cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


response to gastrin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.


metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell.


glycogenin glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + glucosylglycogenin.


hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamine + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + hydrogenobyrinate = 2 L-glutamate + 2 ADP + 4 H+ + hydrogenobyrinate a,c-diamide + 2 phosphate.


2-furoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-furoate + ATP + CoA = 2-furoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate + H+.


cellular response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


positive regulation of nucleoside transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an imaginal disc-derived wing hair. A wing hair is an actin-rich, polarized, non-sensory apical projection that protrudes from each of the approximately 30,000 wing epithelial cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


negative regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


diacylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling

Remodeling the acyl chains of diacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate diacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


rostral hindbrain neuronal precursor cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to neurons of the lateral pontine nucleus and the locus ceruleus.


ERBB2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB2 receptors are themselves unable to bind to ligands, but act as a signal-amplifying tyrosine kinase within a heterodimeric pair.


sperm individualization

The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: methylazoxymethanol + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + cycasin + UDP.


serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine O-sulfate + H2O = pyruvate + NH3 + sulfate.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R8 differentiation.


hypoxanthine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


nopaline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.


B cell negative selection

Any process leading to negative selection in B cells. Mechanisms of negative selection include anergy and deletion.


notum cell fate specification

The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a notum cell, if left in its normal environment.


ear morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.


nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.


translation repressor activity

Antagonizes ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide.


neuroblast division in subventricular zone

The division of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include adult olfactory bulb interneurons and migrate tangentially.


lipoarabinomannan immune receptor activity

Combining with lipoarabinomannan and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


R8 cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


olfactory nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the olfactory nerve is generated and organized. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


deoxyuridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


metanephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in metanephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a metanephric mesenchymal cell population.


cell wall chitin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.


clypeus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the clypeus are generated and organized.


regulation of prolactin signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.


DDT-dehydrochlorinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene + chloride + H+.


regulation of digestive system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


cibarial fish-trap bristle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cibarial fish-trap bristle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.


ecdysteroid 25-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 25. Ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, particularly metamorphosis, in insects and other arthropods.


isoguanine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isoguanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.


response to chemokine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemokine stimulus.


isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


L-fuculokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuculose + ATP = L-fuculose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


threonine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = D-threonine.


aflatoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.


ring gland development

Progression of the ring gland over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The ring gland is a neuroendocrine organ found in higher Dipterans, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiacum. The ring gland is the site of production and release of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones.


negative regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.


peripheral mammary gland bud epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell of the mammary placode becomes an epithelial cell at the periphery of the mammary gland bud. Cells at the periphery of the bud are larger that those of the surrounding epithelium and are arranged concentrically.


hepatoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hepatoblast. A hepatoblast is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.


non-photoreactive DNA repair

A DNA repair process that is involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.


Catalysis of the reaction: (EE)-geranyllinalool + NADPH + O2 = 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C18-farnesylacetone and then cleaved to produce 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) and acetone.


1,3-dichloropropene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving members of the 1,3-dichloropropene family, which includes cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. The 1,3-dichloropropenes are chlorinated hydrocarbons and the major active ingredients of commercial products for control of plant-parasitic nematodes.


LPPG:FO 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine = coenzyme F420-0 + GMP.


regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


orcinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.


butyryl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA.


positive regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry.


benzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.


trans-feruloyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + trans-ferulate = (E)-feruloyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate.


DCT cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + putrescine = N-carbamoylputrescine + H+ + phosphate.


spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.


astaxanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of astaxanthin.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a trans-methoxy-C60-meroacyl-[acp] <=> diphosphoric acid + a trans-methoxy-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


aecium development

The process in which a cup-like structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed. This is characteristic of the rust fungus and typically, the first dikaryotic spores (aeciospores) are produced in the aecium.


positive regulation of lipid storage

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


negative regulation of transdifferentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.


regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.


petal formation

The process that gives rise to the petal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


monoamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RCH2NHR' + H2O + O2 = RCHO + R'NH2 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + H2O = naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.