benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.


pentalenene synthase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + pentalenene.


regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


ITP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ITP, inosine (5'-)triphosphate.


positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


regulation of corticotropin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell.


erythropoietin receptor activity

Combining with erythropoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of intracellular transport of viral material

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.


regulation of response to cycloalkane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.


viral mRNA export from host cell nucleus

The directed movement of intronless viral mRNA from the host nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation.


CYP79F1 dihomomethionine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ <=> 5-methylthiopentanaldoxime + 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP.


acyl-phosphate glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl phosphate + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + orthophosphate.


conus arteriosus development

The progression of the conus arteriosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


2-deoxystreptamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxystreptamine.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream.


regulation of epithelial tube formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial tube formation.


C-terminal protein deglutamylation

The removal of a C-terminal, gene-encoded glutamate residue from a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylserotonin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + melatonin. Melatonin is also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine.


AAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAU codon.


establishment of anatomical structure orientation

The process that determines the orientation of an anatomical structure with reference to an axis.


thymocyte migration

The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development.


allose 6-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-allose-6-phosphate = D-allulose-6-phosphate.


deoxyhypusine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(4-aminobutyl)-L-lysine + donor-H2 + O2 = protein N6-((R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine + acceptor + H2O.


cellular response to dextromethorphan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dextromethorphan stimulus.


(S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-haloacid + H2O = (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.


positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process

Any positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.


response to prolactin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus. The anterior pituitary hormone prolactin has a number of roles including being essential for lactation.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = D-glucose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-alpha-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-2,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2alpha-hydroxytaxusin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2alpha, 7beta-dihydroxytaxusin + NADP + H2O.


sperm DNA condensation

The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication.


protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glutamate.


Binding to 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatetraenoic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds.


nodulation

The formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on plant roots.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-tryptophan + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-tryptophan + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


protein-N-terminal glutamine amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-terminal L-glutaminyl-[protein] + H2O = N-terminal L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH3. This reaction is the deamidation of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.


metanephric glomerular mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of conidium formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


response to viscosity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a viscosity stimulus.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.


forebrain neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.


peptidyl-glutamic acid methylation

The addition of a methyl group to a glutamic acid residue in a protein.


P450-containing electron transport chain

A electron transport chain in which one or more electron carriers operate to transfer electrons from donors to a cytochrome P450 protein or domain. Electron carriers operating in this chain include FAD-containing flavoproteins or domains, FMN domains, ferredoxins and cytochrome b5. The reduced cytochrome P450 functions as the terminal oxidase and participates in a wide range of biochemical pathways.


intracellular amino acid homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of amino acids within a cell.


benzoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of transcytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.


plasma membrane raft distribution

The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a plasma membrane.


2-dehydropantoate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydropantoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + formaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + H+ + 6-methylthiohexylglucosinolate.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


methylthiol:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the overall reaction: methyl-Co(III) methylated-thiol-specific corrinoid protein + coenzyme M = Co(I) methylated--thiol-specific corrinoid protein + methyl-CoM.


iron incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of iron into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + 3 NADP <=> 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 3 NADPH + 3 H+.


regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


sulfite oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + sulfite = H2O2 + H+ + sulfate.


anterior head development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior part of the head over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


arginine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine = D-arginine.


olefin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving olefin.


apocarotenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


positive regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


induction of conjugation upon nutrient starvation

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon starvation for one or more nutrients.


dimethylsilanediol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.


rolling circle DNA replication

A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a single-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template. Replication typically does not cease when one circumference has been replicated, but continues around the circumference several more times, producing a long single strand comprising multimers of the replicon.


7-methylguanosine mRNA capping

Addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap to the 5' end of a nascent messenger RNA transcript.


regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine + 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + H+ = diphosphate + thiamine phosphate.


glucosylceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-glucose + N-acylsphingosine.


deoxycytidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NTP + deoxycytidine = NDP + CMP.


tridecane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tridecane.


negative regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(formamido)-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA = 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanal + formyl-CoA.


(+)-camphor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone which is one of the major components in the leaves of common sage. Camphor exists in two enantiomers, but the (+)-isomer is more widely distributed.


ribonuclease T1 activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides ending in Gp with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates.


somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


ferredoxin-nitrate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = nitrate + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


pons morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the pons is generated and organized. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


interphase microtubule organizing center assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components, including gamma-tubulin and other proteins, to form an interphase microtubule organizing center.


anatomical structure arrangement

The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


histidine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine = histamine + CO2.


CMP-N-acetylneuraminate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a CMP-N-acetylneuraminate from one side of a membrane to the other.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


light absorption

The reception of a photon by a cell.


regulation of emodin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.


histone H3-R17 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 17 of the histone.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 3-methylcytosine.


ribosome localization

A process in which a ribosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


galactarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + p-aminobenzoyl glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


response to mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.


cellular response to sucrose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + leukotriene E(4) + NADPH + O2 = 20-hydroxy-leukotriene E(4) + H2O + NADP+.


glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + H2O + NADP+ = D-glycerate + NADPH + H+.


submerged biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


glossopharyngeal nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


cotyledon vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the cotyledon of vascular plants.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure.


regulation of heart rate by chemical signal

The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with 1-N6-ethenoadenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 1-N6-ethenoadenine. This reaction is the removal of 1,N6-ethenoadenine by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar.


Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-esculetin + UDP + H+.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside-5-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + vanillate + H+.


glomerular mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


selenoneine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenoneine.


response to lead ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.


intracellular zinc ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of zinc ions within a cell.


cytidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.


heptose 7-phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-alpha,beta-D-heptose-7-phosphate + ATP = D-beta-D-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate + ADP.


diphosphoinositol polyphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol with one or more diphosphate groups and multiple monophosphate groups attached.


kinetin UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + kinetin <=> H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)kinetin + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate = NADH + (4S)-4,6-dihydroxy-2,5-dioxohexanoate.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of cell to cell adhesion.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dopamine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= dopamine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.


negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway.


regulation of asymmetric cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.


regulation of sexual sporulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation from the products of meiosis. An example of this is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


purine nucleobase binding

Binding to a purine nucleobase, an organic nitrogenous base with a purine skeleton.


protein localization to cell cortex

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex.


subpallium neuron fate commitment

The process in which in the subpallium, the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.


peptide antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides with antibiotic activity.


CGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGC codon.


histone H2AK9 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).


mRNA N1-methyladenosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenosine as formaldehyde.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.


viral entry into host cell via pilus retraction

The uptake of a virus or viral genetic material into a host cell which occurs through retraction of a virion-bound pilus.


metanephric nephron tubule development

The progression of a metanephric nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros.


positive regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.


regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + D-glucose = D-glucitol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.


pterocarpan reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (-)-medicarpin + NADPH = (+)-vestitol + NADP.


5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.


positive regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signalling pathway that increases or activates a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


vulval cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of nematode vulval cells is acquired and determined. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.


positive regulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> myricetin 3-O-gentiobioside + UDP + H+.


maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


acetylenecarboxylate hydratase activity, producing 3-hydroxypropenoate

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropenoate = propynoate + H2O.


photomorphogenesis

The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation by the duration and nature of light, independent of photosynthesis.


compound eye corneal lens development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells.


t-circle formation

A telomere maintenance process that results in the formation of a telomeric circle, or t-circle. A t-circle is an extrachromosomal duplex or single-stranded circular DNA molecule composed of t-arrays. T-circles are involved in the control of telomere length via alternative-lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway and telomere rapid deletion (TRD).


response to increased oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.


isogloboside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lactosyl-ceramide derivative in which a galactose is linked to the galactose via an alpha 1,3 linkage (vs alpha 1,4 for globosides).


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S5 O-GlcNAc transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine (position 5).


lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


inferior olivary nucleus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the inferior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


tetrahydrofuran metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofuran, a cyclic 4 carbon ether. It is one of the most polar ethers and is a widely used solvent for polar reagents. Since THF is very soluble in water and has a relatively low boiling point, significant amounts are often released into the environment, causing contamination problems.


N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


L-sorbose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.


2-dehydropantolactone reductase (A-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+.


negative regulation of neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.


cellular response to undecane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an undecane stimulus.


leucokinin receptor activity

Combining with a leucokinin, any of several octapeptide hormones found in insects, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


[dermatan sulfate]-L-iduronyl 2-Osulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + [dermatan]-alpha-L-iduronate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + [dermatan-sulfate]-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronate.


hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

The expansion of a hematopoietic stem cell population by cell division. A hematopoietic stem cell is a stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop.


cellular response to angiotensin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen.


R2/R5 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R2 and R5 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


diadenylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP = 3',3'-c-di-AMP + 2 diphosphate.


regulation of ovarian follicle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.


carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + acceptor = CO2 + reduced acceptor.


D-sorbitol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-sorbitol + acceptor = L-sorbose + reduced acceptor.


testicular fusome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of testicular cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome.


positive regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.


cyanate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanate + H2O = carbamate.


G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity

Combining with a neurotransmitter and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.


FMN metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.


cellular response to diphenidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenidol stimulus.


CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


kidney cortex tubule cell dedifferentiation

The process in which a kidney cortex tubule cell (specialized epithelial cell of the kidney) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


paracrine signaling

The transfer of information from one cell to another, where the signal travels from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell by passive diffusion or bulk flow in intercellular fluid. The signaling cell and the receiving cell are usually in the vicinity of each other.


positive regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


behavioral response to cocaine

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.


P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of the plasma membrane potential.


NAD+ kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + NAD+ = ADP + 2 H+ + NADP+.


antigen sampling by dendritic cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

The process of antigen sampling carried out by dendritic cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha production

The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


cardiocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.


cellular response to increased oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting an increase in the level of oxygen.


pore-mediated entry of viral genome into host cell

Injection by a non-enveloped virus of the viral genome into the host cytoplasm through creation of a pore or channel in the host cell membrane(s). Usually mediated by a viral pore-forming peptide associated with the viral capsid or bacteriophage tail.


cranial nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial nerve to attain its fully functional state. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


oxysterol transfer activity

Removes oxysterol from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


proximal straight tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.


telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery.


histone ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone substrate.


3',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = 2 diphosphate + cyclic G-P(3'-5')A-P(3'-5') (cyclic 3',3' GAMP).


thrombopoietin receptor activity

Combining with the glycoprotein thrombopoietin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin.


3-keto sterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxyl sterol + NADP+ = a 3-keto sterol + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 5' positions.


ATPase-coupled L-glutamate tranmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-glutamate(out) -> ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate(in).


circadian behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


modulation by symbiont of host transcription

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its host's transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ferrichrome transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a ferrichrome from one side of a membrane to the other. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


apocarotenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


antigen processing and presentation following macropinocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via macropinocytosis.


bombesin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a bombesin binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a juxtaglomerulus cell.


regulation of meristem structural organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem organization.


spermidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.


thiamine diphosphate dephosphorylation

The removal of one or more phosphate groups from thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


tetrahydrofolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin group.


cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


spermatid nucleus elongation

The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation.


regulation of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade.


regulation of chondrocyte development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.


histone H3-K36 dimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 36 of the histone.


negative regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.


regulation of cell adhesion molecule production

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.


regulation of osteoclast development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.


di-n-butyltin dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dibutyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutylbutyltin.


cardiac left ventricle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates.


ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate.


halogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CH + a halogen + oxygen donor = R-C-halogen +H2O.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.


T cell mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.


keratinocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N-acetyl-5-glutamyl phosphate + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of Fas signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.


mating-type P-factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with the mating-type peptide pheromone P-factor and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. P-factor is a polypeptide of 23 residues, with the sequence Thr-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Phe-Leu-Arg-Ala-Tyr-Gln-Ser-Trp-Asn-Thr-Phe-Val-Asn-Pro-Asp-Arg-Pro-Asn-Leu, and is a peptide pheromone released by Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells of the cellular mating type Plus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxydibenzothiophene + O2 = cis-4-(2-(3-hydroxy)-thionaphthenyl)-2-oxo-3-butenoate.


3-chlorocatechol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-chlorocatechol.


24-methylenecycloartanol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylenecycloartanol + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


regulation of apoptosis involved in tissue homeostasis

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis that results in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 = (3E)-3-[(6Z)-6-(carboxymethylene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]-2-oxopropanate.


negative regulation of autophagic cell death

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.


establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulates the shaping of a cell.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.


galacturonate binding

Binding to a galacturonate. Galacturonate is the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of copper into a copper-sulfur cluster.


3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid -> 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + CO2.


xylan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.


lateral geniculate nucleus development

The progression of the lateral geniculate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processor of visual information received from the retina.


CAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAA codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + L-tryptophan = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-2-methyltryptophan + H+.


vascular endothelial cell response to pulsatile fluid shear stress

Any response to pulsatile fluid shear stress that occurs in a vascular endothelial cell.


sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine.


dorsal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


(S)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD+ = 2-oxostearate + H+ + NADH.


altruistic, chimeric, non-reproductive fruiting body development

Development of a chimeric, non-reproductive fruiting body in which cells of all genotypes have an equal chance of becoming a spore cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate + NAD+ = 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + H+ + NADH.


fibroblast apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a fibroblast, a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


GDP-mannose hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + H2O = GMP + mannose-1-phosphate.


renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production

The process in which an increase in active angiotensin stimulates the adrenal cortices to secrete aldosterone.


suppression of host RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the host's RNAi-mediated antiviral immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


IgG binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype.


fructan beta-fructosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 2,1- and 2,6-linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.


tropine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + tropine = H+ + NADPH + tropinone.


cellular response to iron ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.


2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.


dibenzofuran 4,4a-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzofuran + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl + NAD+.


positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


negative regulation of ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway.


skin epidermis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.


hair follicle placode formation

The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.


regulation of amino acid uptake involved in synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.


retina layer formation

The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia.


ethanolamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).


positive regulation of monocyte extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.


priRNA 3'-end processing

The process of forming the mature 3' end of a priRNA molecule.


P granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.


neuromedin K receptor activity

Combining with neuromedin K, the peptide Asp-Met-His-Asp-Phe-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of appressorium formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.


T-helper 2 cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a T helper 2 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


chloride ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of chloride ions within an organism or cell.


dAMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.


suppression by virus of host cell wall biogenesis

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall biogenesis in the host organism. Cell wall biogenesis includes the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and the assembly and arrangement of these constituent parts.


substrate mycelium formation

The process by which, in some fungal species, hyphae grow as a network of invasive thread-like filaments formed from chains of attached cells within a solid or semi-solid substrate.


7-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 7-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


histone H3K72 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 72) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 72).


tRNA (cytosine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylcytosine.


phragmoplast microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in phragmoplast, a plant cell specific structure that forms during late cytokinesis. Phragmoplast serves as a scaffold for cell plate assembly and subsequent formation of a new cell wall separating the two daughter cells.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


regulation of cardiac conduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.


thymidylate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = 7,8-dihydrofolate + thymidylate.


D-2-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + A = AH(2) + pyruvate.


2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + coenzyme M + NADP+ = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + CO2 + NADPH.


endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


mesangial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesangial cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADH.


ent-kaurene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ent-kaur-16-ene. Ent-kaurene is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is a precursor of several plant isoprenoids, including gibberellins.


proline 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


CDP-glycerol diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-glycerol + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CMP + 2 H+.


glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity

Combining with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


activin receptor activity

Combining with activin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Activin is one of two gonadal glycoproteins related to transforming growth factor beta.


histone H3K4 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4).


asperthecin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.


spinal cord association neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


baculum development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the baculum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


nuclear speck organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized.


regulation of Malpighian tubule diameter

Ensuring that the Malpighian tubule is the correct width. Malpighian tubules have a uniform circumference along their length; the circumference of the tubes is eight cells during the time the cells are dividing, after which the cells rearrange producting tubes with a cirumference of two cells.


forebrain-midbrain boundary formation

The process whose specific outcome is the creation of the forebrain-midbrain boundary.


nicotinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinate.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.


amoeboid sperm motility

Any process involved in the controlled movement of an amoeboid sperm cell.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.


neural crest cell delamination

The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in regulation of contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


low-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the low-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


mannoprotein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


Catalysis of the 3-O-acetylation of a trichothecene. Trichothecenes are sesquiterpene epoxide mycotoxins that act as potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis.


cyclic nucleotide binding

Binding to a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


ferulate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


alginic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).


nitrobenzene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitrobenzene.


response to platinum ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.


cerebellar molecular layer maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar molecular layer to attain its fully functional state. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


(4S)-limonene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4S)-limonene + diphosphate.


mRNA alternative polyadenylation

The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules with variable 3'-end length formation from a given pre-mRNA by differential use of cleavage and polyadenylation signals (pA signals).


heme O metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


urinary bladder development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urinary bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urinary bladder is an elastic, muscular sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion.


negative regulation of cellotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.


xylene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: toluene + 1/2 O2 = benzyl alcohol, and xylene + 1/2 O2 = methylbenzyl alcohol.


negative regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.


response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


cranial ganglion formation

The process that gives rise to a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


ABC-type cysteine transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cysteine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + cysteine(in/out).


response to streptomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.


regulation of stomatal opening

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal opening.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neurotransmitter(out) + Na+(out) = neurotransmitter(in) + Na+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + demethylmacrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + macrocin.


cotyledon development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cotyledon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.


molecular condensate scaffold activity

Binding and bringing together two or more macromolecules in contact, permitting those molecules to organize as a molecular condensate.


positive regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.


olfactory bulb mitral cell layer development

The progression of the olfactory bulb mitral cell layer over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer.


amino acid activation

The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule.


crotonobetaine-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + crotono-betaine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + crotonobetainyl-CoA.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y.


envenomation resulting in modulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis

Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis.


glutathione peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized glutathione + 2 H2O.


carotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.


glutamate synthase activity

Catalysis of the formation of L-glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate from L-glutamate, using NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin as hydrogen acceptors.


protein-keratan sulfate linkage via keratan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-threonine

Keratan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and threonine residues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',4',5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate = 5-carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate.


dCMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.


carotene 7,8-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: neurosporene + donor-H2 + O2 = lycopene + acceptor + 2 H2O.


muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


thymus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.


DNA beta-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.


regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.


1-18:2-2-18:2-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine desaturase activity (SN2-18:3 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:2-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


protein dehydration

The removal of a water group from a protein amino acid.


regulation of glial cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.


2-naphthoate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthoyl-CoA + OH- = 2-naphthoate + CoASH.


tungsten incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of tungsten into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


positive regulation of osteoclast proliferation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.


inter-male aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious.


lipid tube assembly involved in organelle fusion

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as organelles fuse.


interleukin-2 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-2 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-35 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of mannotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.


carbon catabolite repression

A process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of the metabolism of other carbon sources.


intermediate-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within an intermediate-density lipoprotein particle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate.


head kidney formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the head kidney. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate.


sulfolactate sulfo-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfolactate = pyruvate + sulfite.


negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.


regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction.


lactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


pancreatic D cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADP+ = (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + H+ + NADPH.


regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antral ovarian follicle growth.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid.


2,4-dichlorobenzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


nephron tubule development

The progression of a nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.


regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached.


dhurrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside which functions as a plant defense compound.


DNA synthesis involved in UV-damage excision repair

Any DNA synthesis that is involved in UV-damage excision repair.


chalcone isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a chalcone = a flavanone.


RNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the formation of a phosphodiester bond between a hydroxyl group at the end of one RNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group at the end of another.


tubulin complex assembly

The aggregation and bonding together of alpha- and beta-tubulin to form a tubulin heterodimer.


peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine thiazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


head kidney development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the head kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney. It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


negative regulation of membrane permeability

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.


arachidonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.


regulation of mammary gland involution

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.


all-trans-neoxanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of all-trans-neoxanthin.


sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a perthiol + 4 Fe3+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + a thiol + 4 Fe2+ + 8 H+.


alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


oxytetracycline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxytetracycline.


zeatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


heart field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area in which the heart will develop.


netrin receptor activity involved in chemoattraction

Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to contribute to the directed movement of a motile cell towards a higher concentration of netrin.


stevioside glucosyltransferase activity (rebaudioside A forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: stevioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rebaudioside A + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-O-methylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,4'-dimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate + 1/2 O2 + H+ = sulfurous acid + branched-chain dodecyl-4-hydroxy-benzene + sulfite.


endosomal lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

The process resulting in the oriented physical partitioning and separation of a chondrocytes in the growth plate.


plastid outer membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer membrane of a plastid.


G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

A G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


substrate-dependent cerebral cortex tangential migration

The process where neuronal precursors migrate tangentially in the cerebral cortex, primarily guided through physical cell-cell interactions.


phosphagen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


quinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone.


positive regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.


negative regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.


cellular response to mycophenolic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.


ATPase-coupled 2-aminoethylphosphonate transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of 2-aminoethylphosphonate from one side of a membrane to the other by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + 2-aminoethylphosphonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + 2-aminoethylphosphonate(in).


glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production

The regulated release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor from a cell. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons, notably dopaminergic and motor neurons.


negative regulation of signaling receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity.


T-helper 1 cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a T-helper 1 cell in response to an external stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(9) in tRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(9) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


(+)-thujopsene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-thujopsene + diphosphoric acid.


3-oxoacid decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + a 3-oxoacid = carbon dioxide + a methylketone.


positive regulation of apoptotic process in another organism

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism.


transcription regulatory region RNA binding

Binding to a RNA region within the transcript that regulates the transcription of a gene, cistron, or operon.


hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway involved in stomatal movement

Any hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway that is involved in stomatal movement.


regulation of antifungal innate immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.


trophoblast cell migration

Trophoblast cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. Trophoblast cells line the outside of the blastocyst.


luteinization

The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation.


deoxyhypusine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine. Four sub-reactions have been identified,in which the intermediates remain tightly associated with the enzyme: spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH; dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + propane-1,3-diamine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + [enzyme]-lysine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + NADH + H+ = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+.


adenylylsulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-adenylyl sulfate + H2O = AMP + 2 H+ + sulfate.


halogenated hydrocarbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine.


regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


(S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in (S)-glyceryl phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate to form (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.


xanthosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-butyrate + UDP-D-glucose = indole-3-butyryl-beta-1-D-glucose + UDP.


spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues.


neural crest cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


specification of plant organ identity

The regionalization process in which the identity of a plant organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


dUTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dUTP + H2O = dUMP + H+ + diphosphate.


negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


UTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.


UDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP + H2O = UMP + phosphate.


NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+.


nitric oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 ferricytochrome c + nitrous oxide = 2 H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 nitric oxide.


styrene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid soluble in ether and alcohol. When heated, exposed to light or added to a peroxide catalyst, it undergoes polymerization to form polystyrene, a versatile material used in the manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, thermal insulation, and packaging. Styrene is a classified mutagen and a suspected carcinogen.


adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.


carnosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).


austinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of austinol.


cell migration involved in metanephros development

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the metanephric kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


response to palmitoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-hydroxydecanoate + NAD+ = 10-oxodecanoate + H+ + NADH.


orlandin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of orlandin.


hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a hypothalamus neuron that releases gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.


[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate; modifies selected glucosamine residues preceded by GlcA2S.


neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


cholesterol ester hydrolysis involved in cholesterol transport

The cholesterol metabolic process in which cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed into free fatty acids and cholesterol in the lysosome that contributes to intracellular cholesterol transport.


proprioception involved in equilibrioception

The series of events contributing to equilibrioception by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.


positive regulation of cell fate specification

Any process that activates or enables a cell to adopt a specific fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + sulfite = phosphate + sulfoacetaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD+ = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


lipopolysaccharide immune receptor activity

Combining with a lipopolysaccharide and transmitting the signal across the cell membrane to initiate an innate immune response. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.


Sertoli cell barrier remodeling

The tissue remodeling process by which the Sertoli cell barrier is temporarily disrupted and reorganized to accommodate the transit of preleptotene spermatocytes at stage VIII of the epithelial cycle.


positive regulation of torso signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the torso signaling pathway.


analia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia development in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.


regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration

The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration.


cellular response to ATP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.


glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.


semaphorin receptor activity

Combining with a semaphorin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


N-methylalanine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-L-alanine + H2O + NADP+ = H+ + methylammonium + NADPH + pyruvate.


vancomycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.


pattern specification involved in mesonephros development

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the mesonephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


gamma-tocopherol cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone = gamma-tocopherol.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)).


negative regulation by virus of host cell division

Any process where an infecting virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its host's cell division.


chondroitin sulfate binding

Binding to chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan made up of two alternating monosaccharides: D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc).


adrenomedullin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular adrenomedullin combining with a dimeric adrenomedullin receptor on the surface of the target cell.


regulatory ncRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a regulatory non-coding RNA molecule.


alpha-tubulin acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to the lysine 40 residue of alpha-tubulin.


positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


polytene chromosome puffing

The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of target genes on polytene chromosomes following response to a stimulus, to facilitate sudden bursts of transcriptional activity in response to transient environmental signals.


Catalysis of the reaction: farnesylfarnesylgeranyl diphosphate + p-hydroxybenzoate = 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.


histone H3S57 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 57) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 57) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 57 of histone H3.


regulation of seedling development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seedling development.


L-DOPA binding

Binding to L-DOPA, the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosidic linkages in unbranched (1->6)-mannans.


anterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration

The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing anterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


patched ligand maturation

The posttranslational modification of members of the Hedgehog family of signaling proteins in order for Hedgehog to exert its biological activity. These modifications include cleavage of its signal sequence, autocatalytic protein cleavage and the attachment of sterol groups.


germinal center B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA).


regulation of white fat cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.


hippocampal pyramidal neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hippocampal pyramidal neuron, a pyramidal cell of the hippocampus.


4-coumaroyl 2'-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> 2,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-CoA + succinate + carbon dioxide.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification

The modification, often by sulfation, of sugars incorporated into heparan sulfate after polymerization.


difructose-anhydride synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride = inulobiose.


regulation of hypoxanthine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


fumarate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate = fumarate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-(N-acetyl-B-glucosaminyl-1,2)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-beta)-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-beta)-D-mannosyl-R + UDP.


positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


N-glycan fucosylation

The process of transferring a fucosyl group to an N-glycan. An N-glycan is the carbohydrate portion of an N-glycoprotein when attached to a nitrogen from asparagine or arginine side-chains.


regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.