acetolactate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate = (R)-2-acetoin + CO2.


formyl-CoA transferase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + oxalate = formate + oxalyl-CoA.


negative regulation of intracellular transport of viral material

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.


translocation of peptides or proteins into host

The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


steroid 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + donor-H2 + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid + H2O.


oxamate carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + oxamate = oxalurate + phosphate.


smooth muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.


regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.


left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.


transforming growth factor beta1 production

The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


3-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 3-phenanthrylsulfate.


myeloid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


negative regulation of T cell extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.


synaptic vesicle maturation

Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle.


anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


specification of segmental identity, labial segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the labial segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


negative regulation of cation transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.


porin activity

Enables the transfer of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


response to anisomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.


mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


alkylglycerone kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-alkylglycerone + ATP = O-alkylglycerone phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


U6 snRNA (adenine-(43)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(43) in U6 snRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-methyladenine(43) in U6 snRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone + NAD+ = mentha-1,3-dione + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of helicase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a helicase.


regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination

A histone ubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is added to a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.


platelet-derived growth factor production

The appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


beta-amylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n+1) + H2O = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n-1) + alpha-maltose. This reaction is the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


basement membrane disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion

A process that results in the breakdown of the basement membrane that contributes to the process of semicircular canal fusion.


unidirectional conjugation

The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells. Some or all of the chromosome(s) of the donor cell is transferred into the recipient cell.


negative regulation of prostatic bud formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxypyridine + AH(2) + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxypyridine + A + H2O.


cellulosome assembly

The assembly of a cellulosome, a macromolecular multi-enzyme complex in bacteria that facilitates the breakdown of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectin in the plant cell wall.


protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine

The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine.


respiratory chain complex II assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II.


peptidyl-threonine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine.


myxospore formation

The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed, usually within a fruiting body by Myxobacteria. The myxospore is more resistant to high temperature, dessication, and UV than vegetative myxobacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methyladenine.


negative regulation of seed maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


removal of superoxide radicals

Any process, acting at the cellular level, involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).


B cell positive selection

Any process in which B cells are selected to survive based on signaling through the B cell antigen receptor.


positive regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


T cell receptor V(D)J recombination

The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).


regulation of heptasaccharide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.


histone octamer slider activity

A chromatin remodeler activity that slides core histone octamers along chromosomal DNA.


unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-O-(4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose(1-) + H2O <=> (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + alpha-L-rhamnopyranose.


quinone cofactor methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine during the synthesis of quinone cofactors such as ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), menaquinone (vitamin K2), plastoquinone and phylloquinone (vitamin K1).


negative regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


cleistothecium formation

The process of producing a cleistothecium, a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci. Cleistothecia are present in some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + H2O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide.


aminophospholipid flippase activity

Enables the transfer of aminophospholipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.


modulation by host of viral genome replication

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


cerebellar granular layer maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar granular layer to attain its fully functional state. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


negative regulation of thymocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.


positive regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


immunoglobulin-mediated neutralization

The inhibition of an antigen's biological effects by antibody binding to it. An example is neutralization of diphtheria toxin by preventing its entry into human cells via the binding of antibody specific for diphtheria toxin.


negative regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + acetate.


specification of segmental identity, antennal segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the antennal segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Golgi calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. cytoskeleton reorganization.


phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + phytanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA + CO2 + succinate.


The methylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-methionine.


chloroplast accumulation movement

The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 14betaH-scalarane-17alpha-19-diol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


cellular response to radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.


metanephric long descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.


tensidol B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol B.


primary shoot apical meristem specification

The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers.


inhibition of host CRISPR-cas system by virus

A process by which a virus inhibits the CRISPR-cas system of its host.


(+)-beta-barbatene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-beta-barbatene + diphosphoric acid.


oculomotor nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the oculomotor nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


response to auxin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.


cyclic-di-GMP binding

Binding to cyclic-di-GMP, cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate.


linalool 8-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linalool + O2 = (2E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-diene-1,6-diol + A + H2O.


protein refolding

The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


long-chain fatty acyl-CoA binding

Binding to a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


apoptotic process involved in luteolysis

The apoptotic process that contributes to luteolysis.


response to chlorate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.


galacturonan binding

Binding to a simple or complex galacturonan. Galacturonan is any glycan composed solely of galacturonic acid residues, a specific type of glycuronan, and a constituent of some pectins.


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in cytogamy

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules forming part of a cell wall that contribute to cytogamy.


CTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.


4-hydroxybutyrate receptor activity

Combining with 4-hydroxybutyrte to initiate a change in cell activity.


larval midgut cell programmed cell death

The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ.


transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type III

Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; facilitates ligand binding to type I and type II TGF-beta receptors.


peptide YY receptor activity

Combining with gut peptide YY to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of zoospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.


protein localization to cell surface

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.


negative regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.


regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that modulates the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


IkappaB kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + IkappaB protein = ADP + IkappaB phosphoprotein.


tRNA U34 sulfurtransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uridine34 in tRNA + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 2-thiouridine34 in tRNA + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.


CTP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CTP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> rubusoside + UDP + H+.


apical protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.


positive regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


bilobe structure assembly

The assembly and organization of a bilobe structure, a cytoskeletal structure in some kinetoplastid species linking the structures of the ciliary pocket collar and the flagellum attachment zone (aka cilium attachment zone).


tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).


positive regulation of response to food

Any process that activates, maintains, or increases the rate of a response to a food stimulus.


regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle modulating contraction

Any process that modulates velocity of shortening of a skeletal muscle contraction. The shortening leads to reduction of the length of muscle fibers and sarcomeres.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine = N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorobenzoate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA.


myosin heavy chain kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-heavy-chain = ADP + myosin-heavy-chain phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CoA + triacylglycerol.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-1-thioglycine from other compounds, including peptidyl-glycine.


post-embryonic forelimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an organism.


regulation of trophoblast cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.


immature B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell.


regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.


lysine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NAD+ = 1,2-didehydropiperidine-2-carboxylate + NH3 + NADH.


sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by a sphingolipid.


uniporter activity

Catalysis of the transport of a single molecular species across a membrane; transport is independent of the movement of any other molecular species.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Q nucleoside precursor 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine, also known as 2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile or preQo.


FAT10 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-FAT10 + S = X + S-FAT10, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-FAT10 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-FAT10 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of FAT10 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


haltere disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the haltere disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a haltere imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.


maltodextrin phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: maltodextrin = glucose-1-phosphate.


cellular response to thyroxine stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.


NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor = nicotinamide + (ADP-D-ribosyl)(n+1)-acceptor.


cellular response to magnesium starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.


detection of nutrient

The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol oxoanion + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3-O-methylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


modification by symbiont of host cell wall

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ciliary centrin arm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a ciliary centrin arm, a rod-shaped protein complex containing Centrin4 protein that flanks the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) filament and the quartet microtubules.


D-arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.


cap2 mRNA methylation

Methylation of the ribose of the first and second nucleotides of a 5'-capped mRNA.


norepinephrine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


S-lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


non-kinase phorbol ester receptor activity

Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal by a mechanism independent of kinase activity.


leaf pavement cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an leaf pavement cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a leaf pavement cell fate.


GMP binding

Binding to GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


cellodextrin binding

Binding to a cellodextrin, a glucose polymer of 2 or more glucose monomers.


coreceptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a co-receptor on the host cell surface.


regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


response to Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine stimulus.


parthenolide 3beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: parthenolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 3beta-hydroxyparthenolide + NADP + H2O.


regulation of pro-B cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.


collagen catabolic process

The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells.


bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swarming motility

Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility in which the action of numerous flagella results in the smooth movement of a group of cells along a solid surface. Swarming motility is observed in groups of bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


maleimide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maleimide = H+ + maleamate.


Catalysis of the successive hydrolysis of beta-D-glucose units from the non-reducing ends of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, releasing alpha-glucose.


inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized inner cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.


snRNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Activity that provides specificity to a methylase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific 2'-O-ribose methylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


violaceol I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of violaceol I.


granulysin production

The appearance of granulysin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


dihydroceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + dihydrosphingosine.


lateral sprouting involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

The process in which a branch forms along the side of a ureteric bud.


release of seed from dormancy

The process in which the dormant state is broken in a seed. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated upon release.


conjugation with cellular fusion

A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


galactarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactarate, an anion of galactaric acid, the meso-aldaric acid derived from both D- and L-galactose.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-D-glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + a glycogen <=> n a maltodextrin.


URM1 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y = Y-URM1 + X, where both the X-URM1 and Y-URM1 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


meso-tartrate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-tartrate + NAD+ = dihydroxyfumarate + H+ + NADH.


nucleotide-sugar biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction.


commissural neuron differentiation in spinal cord

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of commissural neurons. Commissural neurons in both vertebrates and invertebrates transfer information from one side of their bodies to the other through the midline. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


regulation of heart morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart morphogenesis.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and the other dehydrogenated

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and the latter donor is dehydrogenated.


aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor

The oxidation of hydrogen (H2) to water (H2O), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. A hydrogenase enzyme binds H2 and the hydrogen atoms are passed through an electron transfer chain to O2 to form water.


eye pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


maintenance of meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


retinal rod cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell.


substance P catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the neuropeptide substance P.


GDP-mannose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


translocation of DNA into host

The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.


pronephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


membrane fission

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous membrane into two membranes.


aromatic primary alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic primary alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = catechol + NADH + H+.


regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.


formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formaldehyde + H2O + NAD+ = formate + 2 H+ + NADH.


heteroduplex formation involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules resulting in the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences.


atrioventricular node cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell. AV node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the atrioventricular node.


protein S-linked glycosylation via cysteine

The glycosylation of protein via the sulfur atom of peptidyl-cysteine, forming S-glycosyl-L-cysteine.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.


bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

The deposition of hydroxyapatite, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.


protein de-ADP-ribosylation

The process of removing one or more ADP-ribose residues from a protein.


regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.


E-phenylitaconyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: E-phenylitaconyl-CoA + H2O = (hydroxymethylphenyl)succinyl-CoA.


dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


cell proliferation in hindbrain

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain.


terminal button organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a terminal button. A terminal button is the terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2,3-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] or 3,4-decenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


establishment of petal orientation

The process that determines the orientation of petals with reference to the central axis.


regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.


response to ceramide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ceramide stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + beta-alanine betaine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+.


[cytochrome c]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytochrome c L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cytochrome c N6-methyl-L-lysine. This is the addition of a methyl group to the N6 atom of a lysine residue in cytochrome c.


equilibrioception

The series of events required for an organism to receive an orientational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Equilibrioception refers to a combination of processes by which an organism can perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. In animals, stimuli come from labyrinth system of the inner ears, monitoring the direction of motion; visual stimuli, with information on orientation and motion; pressure receptors, which tell the organism which body surfaces are in contact with the ground; and proprioceptive cues, which report which parts of the body are in motion.


psoralen synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-marmesin + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> psoralen + NADP + acetone + 2 H2O.


protein O-linked fucosylation

The process of transferring a fucosyl group to a serine or threonine residues in a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.


p-cresol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cresol.


tricarboxylic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


negative regulation by host of viral transcription

Any process in which a host organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


cellular response to aldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldehyde stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-glutamate in peptide = CoA + N-acetyl-L-glutamate-peptide.


C-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carbon atom of an acceptor molecule.


negative regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


serine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of serine from one side of a membrane to the other. Serine is 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


sulfate assimilation via adenylyl sulfate reduction

The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is activated, reduced and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the activated sulfate, adenylyl-sulfate, is reduced to sulfite by the activity of adenylyl-sulfate reductase.


primary miRNA binding

Binding to a primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) transcript, an RNA molecule that is processed into a short hairpin-shaped structure called a pre-miRNA and finally into a functional miRNA. Both double-stranded and single-stranded regions of a pri-miRNA are required for binding.


pronephric nephron tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pronephric nephron tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephric nephron and connects the filtration unit (glomerulus or glomus) of the pronephros to the pronephric duct.


positive regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition.


pyruvate carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + pyruvate = ADP + 2 H+ + oxaloacetate + phosphate.


coenzyme gamma-F420-2 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme gamma-F420-2 (F420-2; coenzyme F420; N-{N-[O-(7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin phospho)-(S)-lactyl]-gamma-L-glutamyl}-L-glutamate), the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+-)-trans-acenaphthene-1,2-diol + 2 NADP+ = acenaphthene-1,2-dione + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.


interleukin-15 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-15 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


menarche

The beginning of the menstrual cycle; the first menstrual cycle in an individual.


regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


intracellular acyl-CoA homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of acyl-CoA within a cell.


pancreatic PP cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


indanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indan-1-ol + NAD(P)+ = indanone + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing C5-methyluridine.


regulation of response to food

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus via nuclear envelope disassembly

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus that involves disruption of the nuclear membrane envelope by the virus.


melilotate 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H2O + NAD+.


neuroblast proliferation

The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.


regulation of sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.


nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.


CCL2-activated CCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to a C-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 6-phosphate, also known as F6P. The D-enantiomer is an important intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism.


alpha-zeacarotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-zeacarotene.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N2-methylguanine.


negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.


corticosteroid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by corticosteroid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


oxanine DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated guanine where the resulting base (oxanine) is generated by NO- or HNO2-induced nitrosative deamination.


type II hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.


double-strand break repair via classical nonhomologous end joining

An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that requires a number of factors important for V(D)J recombination, including the KU70/80 heterodimer (KU), XRCC4, ligase IV, and DNA-PKcs in mammals. It does not produce translocations (as opposed to the alternative nonhomologous end joining).


negative regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


anaerobic phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.


cellular stress response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in cellular homeostasis caused by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


positive regulation of horizontal cell localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of horizontal cell localization.


sperm displacement

The physical displacement of sperm stored from previous mating encounters.


D-glucosamine PTS permease activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a [PTS enzyme I]-Npi-phospho-L-histidine + D-glucosamine <=> D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + a [PTS enzyme I]-L-histidine.


female gonad morphogenesis

The process in which a female gonad is generated and organized.


ventral furrow formation

Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.


limb epidermis stratification

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the epidermis of the limb in space to define a volume in which specific patterns of basal cell, spinous cell and granular cells will differentiate giving rise to the layers of the limb epidermis.


RNA stem-loop binding

Binding to a stem-loop in an RNA molecule. An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop.


arachidonic acid binding

Binding to arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.


negative regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


pyridoxal binding

Binding to pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde, a form of vitamin B6.


ubiquitin activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: E1 + ubiquitin + ATP--> E1-ubiquitin + AMP + PPi, where the E1-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond between the C-terminal glycine of Ub and a sulfhydryl side group of an E1 cysteine residue. This is the first step in a cascade of reactions in which ubiquitin is ultimately added to a protein substrate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the microorganisms' growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


abducens nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 7-hydroxyisoflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a 7-methoxyisoflavone.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + reduced ferredoxin.


versiconal hemiacetal acetate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versiconol acetate + NADP <=> versiconal hemiacetal acetate + NADPH.


response to purvalanol A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purvalanol A stimulus.


cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-bis-L-cysteine.


sperm ejaculation

The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract.


mitochondrial inner membrane fusion

The membrane organization process that joins two mitochondrial inner membranes to form a single membrane.


signal transduction involved in filamentous growth

Relaying of environmental signals promoting filamentous growth.


heme B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme B, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


extraocular skeletal muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


antifungal peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antifungal peptide.


atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between an atrial cardiomyocyte and an AV node cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric distal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.


4-hydroxymandelate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + H+ + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + CO2 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H+.


XTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: XTP + H2O = XMP + H+ + diphosphate.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the lung.


cAMP intoxication in host

The production by a symbiont of high levels of cyclic AMP in a host cell, impairing host cellular functions in multiple ways, including ATP depletion, interference with host intracellular signaling, cytoskeletal defects and apoptosis-related cell death.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + xanthine = (9-D-ribosylxanthine)-5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


NADPH-hemoprotein reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + n oxidized hemoprotein = NADP+ + n reduced hemoprotein.


positive regulation of hair follicle development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.


histone H3 kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H3.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-alanine.


metal incorporation into metallo-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of a metal into a metallo-molybdopterin complex.


glycolipid binding

Binding to a glycolipid, any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic group such as an acylglycerol, a sphingoid, a ceramide (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate.


(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (1R,5S)-carveol + H2O + NADP+.


negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


hypoglossal nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


GTP-dependent protein kinase activity

GTP dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein serine/threonine = ADP + protein serine/threonine phosphate.


peptidyl-serine decanoylation

The decanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


sporopollenin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sporopollenin, a primary constituent of the pollen exine layer.


glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-glutaconyl-CoA + H+ = but-2-enoyl-CoA + CO2.


sneeze reflex

A reflex process that expels air forcibly from the mouth and nose in an explosive, spasmodic involuntary action resulting chiefly from irritation of the nasal mucous membrane.


kanamycin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + kanamycin = ADP + 2 H+ + kanamycin 3'-phosphate.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-RNA)-L-tyrosine.


positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


histone H3-R26 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 26 of the histone.


anterior lateral line neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing anterior lateral line.


amyloplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an amyloplast. An amyloplast is a plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.


Langerhans cell chemotaxis

The movement of a Langerhans cell in response to an external stimulus.


dorsal root ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dorsal root ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


tooth mineralization

The process in which calcium salts are deposited into calcareous tooth structures such as dental enamel, dentin and cementum.


Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate + ATP = 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA + diphosphate + AMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione + H2O = glutathione + a 2-hydroxy carboxylate.


melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin from other compounds, including tyrosine.


floor plate morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the floor plate is generated and organized.


oxidized purine nucleobase lesion DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of oxidized purine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apurinic (AP) site.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the dorsal/ventral pattern of the neural tube.


polysaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polysaccharides from one side of a membrane to the other. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


D-fuconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-fuconate + H2O.


5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-ureido-4-imidazole carboxylate + H2O = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate + NH3 + CO2.


metanephric short descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in metanephric kidney development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the progression of the metanephric kidney over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


cellular response to ecdysone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine to initiate a change in cell activity.


virion attachment to host cell pilus

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a pilus on the host cell surface. Pili are retractile filaments that protrude from gram-negative bacteria. Filamentous viruses can attach to the pilus tip, whereas icosahedral viruses can attach to the pilus side.


positive regulation of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body.


negative regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in primitive streak formation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contribute to the formation of the primitive streak.


thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of thyroid hormones from one side of a membrane to the other. Thyroid hormone are any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


negative regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium.


protein import into peroxisome matrix, substrate release

The process by which the cargo protein is released into the peroxisomal matrix, following translocation across the membrane.


response to hydrogen sulfide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen sulfide stimulus.


suppression by virus of host exit from mitosis

Any viral process which decreases the rate or extent of a host cell leaving M phase of the cell cycle. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.


RNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation

Splicing of RNA via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.


arylmalonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aryl-2-methylmalonate + H+ = 2-arylpropionate + CO2.


carbon-oxygen lyase activity, acting on phosphates

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of a phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + H2O = a phosphatidate + CMP + 2 H+.


intracellular aspartate homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of aspartate within a cell.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(out) = solute(in) + Na+(in).


cellular response to endothelin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an endothelin stimulus. Endothelin is any of three secretory vasoconstrictive peptides (endothelin-1, -2, -3).


inorganic diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + H2O = H+ + 2 phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cholesterol = UDP + cholesteryl beta-D-glucoside + H+.


negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


peptidyl-aspartic acid modification

The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid.


phagosome maturation involved in apoptotic cell clearance

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell and contributes to apoptotic cell clearance. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome.


isocitrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle.


regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.


zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of zinc (Zn) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + 2''-nucleotidylaminoglycoside.


effector-mediated modulation of host innate immune response by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a host innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of phospholipid efflux

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.


protein lipoylation

The lipoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine.


somatostatin receptor activity

Combining with somatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity. Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system by signaling via G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. Somatostatin has two active forms produced by proteolytic cleavage: a 14 amino acid peptide (SST-14) and a 28 amino acid peptide (SST-28).


Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate + L-cysteine + L-valine + 3 ATP + H2O = N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + 3 AMP + 3 diphosphate + 6 H+.


response to dsDNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.


S-methylmethionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-methyl-methionine (SMM). SMM can be converted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


forebrain astrocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte residing in the forebrain. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


positive regulation of defense response to virus by host

Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication.


cytoplasm protein quality control

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are either targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation or protected by chaperones to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.


hydrogen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of H2 (dihydrogen).


regulation of microglial cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell activation.


negative regulation of response to food

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.


protein kinase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol.


female germline ring canal formation, actin assembly

Recruitment and organization of actin filaments in female germline ring canals.


acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3',4',5'-tetramethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


chorismate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chorismate, the anion of (3R-trans)-3-((1-carboxyethenyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid.


regulation of peptide antigen transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-threonine + H+ = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl phosphate + CO2.


O antigen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(out) + H+(out) = 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate(in) + H+(in).


phosphoglycerate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + ADP + H+.


cleistothecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cleistothecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


UMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UMP = ADP + UDP.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: zinc(out) + HCO3-(out) = zinc(in) + HCO3-(in).


steroid 22-alpha hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-alpha-campestanaol + O2 = 6-deoxocathasterone + H2O.


T-helper cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized thymocyte acquires specialized features of a T-helper cell.


de novo centriole assembly

Centriole assembly in which a centriole arises de novo, rather than by replication from an existing centriole. This process may occur via different mechanisms. Examples include the deuterosome pathway in multicilated epithelial animal cells and formation of centrioles during parthenogenesis in some insects.


positive regulation of lung alveolus development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.


phenol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = catechol + NADP+ + H2O.


mammillotectal axonal tract development

The progression of the mammillotectal tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillotectal tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the superior colliculus.


Wnt receptor activity

Combining with a Wnt protein and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


P-type potassium:proton transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out) + K+(in).


benzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzene.


histone H3-K36 demethylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 36 of the histone.


closure of embryonic heart tube

Creation of the central hole of the embryonic heart tube by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + L-serine = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + choline.


vagus nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


positive regulation of cell cycle process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.


chitin binding

Binding to chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


response to tumor cell

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.


regulation of ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway.


pons reticulospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.


response to leptomycin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.


proboscis morphogenesis, eye-antennal disc-derived

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine.


W-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


cellular response to L-glutamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-glutamine stimulus.


geraniol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + nucleoside triphosphate = geranyl monophosphate + nucleoside diphosphate.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary initiation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O + NAD+.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

The process in which ions are transported across the plasma membrane of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell such that the membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, toward the steady state potential. For example, the repolarization during an action potential is from a positive membrane potential towards a negative resting potential.


indole 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole + O2 = 2-formamidobenzaldehyde.


purine nucleoside binding

Binding to a purine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


negative regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation.


polyprenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of multiple prenyl groups from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


L-arabitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


negative regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


voluntary skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within voluntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the voluntary skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and it is under voluntary control. Voluntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is under conscious control.


decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a decanoyl (CH3-[CH2]8-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase activity, forward reaction

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor -> 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


ADP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


negative regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


cytosine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of tube length, open tracheal system

Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length.


postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity

Neurotransmitter receptor activity occuring in the postsynaptic membrane during synaptic transmission.


determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry

Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis.


ocellus photoreceptor cell development

Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus.


neuromast support cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: proline(out) + Na+(out) = proline(in) + Na+(in).


dITP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dITP + H2O = dIMP + H+ + diphosphate.


glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucanase activity, C-3 substituted reducing group

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-linkages in beta-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3.


negative regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


cellular response to jasmonic acid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.


thyroid hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


(13S)-vitexifolin A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:9alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = (13S)-vitexifolin A + diphosphate.


geraniol 10-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + NADP + H2O.


cellular response to camptothecin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: polyprenyl phosphate + UDP-D-glucose = polyprenylphosphate-glucose + UDP.


thiol S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thioether.


NAD-dependent histone H3K14 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein.


abscisic acid binding

Binding to abscisic acid, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


cellular response to ergosterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ergosterol stimulus.


PEP carboxykinase C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).


cellular response to formaldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a formaldehyde stimulus.


glioblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a glioblast into daughter cells.


histone H2A-K119 monoubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of a single ubiquitin group to lysine-119 (H2A- K119) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms.


alpha-1,4-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RDP-glucose + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n = RDP + [alpha-D-glucosyl-(1,4)]n+1, where RDP is ADP or UDP.


ureter urothelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urothelium of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urothelium is an epithelium that makes up the epithelial tube of the ureter.


sphingolipid biosynthesis involved in endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids that contributes to endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization.


negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


positive regulation of angiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.


platelet-derived growth factor receptor activity

Combining with platelet-derived growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


cellular response to amine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nitrate(out) + H+(out) = nitrate(in) + H+(in).


presynaptic active zone assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic active zone. The presynaptic active zone is a specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation.


alkyl hydroperoxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octane hydroperoxide + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + 1-octanol.


parasexual reproduction with cellular fusion

A type of reproduction in which new individuals are produced from two individuals, with the fusion of two somatic cells.


organellar voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a voltage-gated channel. The membrane is an organellar membrane.


hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase activity

A hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate <=> an oxoicosatetraenoate + H2O.


itaconyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citramalyl-CoA = itaconyl-CoA + H2O.


sperm incapacitation

The process in which the use of stored sperm from the first-mating male is inhibited by the seminal fluid of subsequently mating males.


adrenal cortex formation

The process that gives rise to the adrenal cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adrenogonadal primordium from which the adrenal cortex is formed derives from a condensation of coelomic epithelial cells (the urogenital ridge; the same structure from which gonads and kidney also originate).


regulation of cornification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.


negative regulation of response to cytokine stimulus

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.


post-embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.


sulfur amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.


amine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + an acceptor (A) + H2O = an aldehyde + a reduced acceptor (AH2) + NH4+.


stizolobate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + O2 = 4-(L-alanin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde.


amyloid precursor protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore

The formation of multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from meiosis. A multicellular or syncytial spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle

A cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering S phase via a positive feedback mechanism between the regulation of transcription and G1 CDK activity.


O-phosphoserine sulfhydrylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + phosphate.


anterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.


Lugaro cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature Lugaro cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Lugaro cell fate. A Lugaro cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


dissimilatory sulfite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: [DsrC protein]-disulfide + 2 A + 3 H2O + hydrogen sulfide = [DsrC protein]-dithiol + 2 AH2 + H+ + sulfite and [DsrC protein]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine/L-cysteine + 3 A + 3 H2O = [DsrC protein]-disulfide + 3 AH2 + 2 H+ + sulfite.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte in the growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.


quinolinate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


intracellular mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


bioluminescence

The production of light by certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + agmatine = N-(4-guanidiniumylbutyl)-4-hydroxycinnamamide + CoA + H+.


mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tether activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrion and an ER membrane either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the mitochondrion.


'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GDP-D-mannose via GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, requiring the functions of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.47) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (EC:1.1.1.271).


positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


mammary gland formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of the mammary gland from unspecified parts. The process begins with formation of the mammary line and ends when the solid mammary bud invades the primary mammary mesenchyme.


negative regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + propane-1,2-diol 1-phosphate = H+ + hydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.


epistomal sclerite development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epistomal sclerite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


oxysterol binding

Binding to oxysterol, an oxidized form of cholesterol.


positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.


regulation of cytolysis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


cellular response to lipoteichoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


agglutination involved in conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation without cellular fusion of a unicellular organism.


SREBP-SCAP complex retention in endoplasmic reticulum

Any process in which the SREBP-SCAP complex is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. The SREBP-SCAP complex is formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). In the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed. In the presence of sterols, the complex binds ER-resident proteins such as INSIG, which retain the complex in the ER.


cardioblast cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


carbon fixation

A metabolic process in which carbon (usually derived from carbon dioxide) is incorporated into organic compounds (usually carbohydrates).


actin cortical patch assembly

Assembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane of fungal cells.


negative regulation of response to calcium ion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to calcium ion.


negative regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.