trophectodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.


modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


cellular response to sugar-phosphate stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the accumulation of sugar-phosphate.


embryonic meristem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


euchromatin binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to euchromatin, a dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.


protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-beta-aspartate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-beta-aspartate methyl ester.


[2Fe-2S] cluster assembly

The incorporation of two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.


4-hydroxycoumarin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxycoumarin.


protein-phycocyanobilin linkage via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine.


homophytochelatin synthase (dimmer forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alaninate <=> gamma-Glu-Cys-gamma-Glu-Cys-beta-Ala + glycine.


IRES-dependent translational initiation of circular RNA

The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate circular mRNA translation.


modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular response to zinc ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of zinc ions.


modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + N(1)-acetylspermidine.


modulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uroporphyrinogen-III = coproporphyrinogen + 4 CO2.


bud dormancy process

A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a bud. Bud dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. It may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. The exit from bud dormancy is marked by the resumed growth of the bud.


3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + HBr.


spinal trigeminal nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


gluconate 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


5'-(N(7)-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-[mRNA] diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end (N2,N2,N7-trimethyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end diphospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + 2 H+ + N7-methyl-GMP. Can also use (N7-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-ribonucleoside in mRNA as a substrate.


response to morphine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.


cellular response to vanadate(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vanadate(3-) stimulus.


regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity.


rhamnose binding

Binding to the D- or L-enantiomer of rhamnose.


leukotriene A4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene A4.


metanephric cap development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cap from an initial condition to its mature state. The metanephric cap is formed by the condensation of metanephric mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


geranyltranstransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.


regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of left/right asymmetry

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a nodal signaling pathway, where the nodal signaling pathway is involved in determination of left/right asymmetry.


monounsaturated fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monounsaturated fatty acid.


protein localization to actin cytoskeleton

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the location of an actin cytoskeleton.


pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-glutamine = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + L-glutamate + 3 H2O + phosphate. The reaction occurs in two steps: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3, and subsequently D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NH3 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + 4 H2O + phosphate.


8-demethylnovobiocic acid C8-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 8-desmethylnovobiocic acid <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + novobiocic acid + H+.


host cell extracellular matrix binding

Binding to the extracellular matrix of a host cell.


D-series resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvin family D-series, hydroxy fatty acids derived from docosahexaenoic acid.


Fas signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to a Fas receptor on the surface of the cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Fas is a death domain-containing member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily.


cellular response to methylmercury

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.


protein localization to ascospore wall

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an ascospore wall.


response to brefeldin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.


corrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.


fatty acid oxidation

The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.


neuromast hair cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


D-lactate-2-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-O-sulfolactate + H2O = (R)-lactate + H+ + sulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + caffeoyl-CoA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + feruloyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the transfer of acyl groups from an acyl-CoA to a lysophospholipid.


relaxation of muscle

A process in which the extent of muscle contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation can involve a number of processes including the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases. In some muscles, calcium-independent pathways also play a role in muscle relaxation by decreasing the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain.


response to mercury ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.


glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by glucocorticoid binding to its receptor.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.


dipyrrin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.


carbon-halide lyase activity

Catalysis of the breakage of a bond between carbon and any halogen atom.


dGTP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.


cellular response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CTP = CDP-glycerol + diphosphate.


transferrin receptor activity

Combining selectively with transferrin, and delivering transferrin into the cell via endocytosis. Transferrin is a major iron carrier protein in vertebrates.


response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


regulation of intestinal D-glucose absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal D-glucose absorption.


methionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of methionine from one side of a membrane to the other.


leukotriene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.


erythromycin C 3''-o-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + erythromycin C <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + erythromycin A + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: [Molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-Gly-AMP + [cysteine desulfurase]-S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine = AMP [molybdopterin-synthase sulfur-carrier protein]-Gly-NH-CH(2)-C(O)SH + cysteine desulfurase.


response to nonylphenol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonylphenol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP + alcohol = CMP + phosphatidyl alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


response to spindle checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of spindle checkpoint signaling.


positive regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.


regulation of defense response to bacterium

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.


positive regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.


vitamin D2 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D2, (3S,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol.


cytosolic valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in the cytosol, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


neurotensin receptor activity, non-G protein-coupled

Combining with neurotensin, a neuropeptide active in the central and peripheral nervous system in mammals, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other by a mechanism independent of coupling to G proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2Z,4Z,7-trienoate + H2O = 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dichloropropenoate + cis-2-Hydroxy-3-chloropenta-2,4-dienone + H+.


D-mannitol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mannitol + O2 = mannose + H2O2.


regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process

Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.


gibberellin-44 dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin 44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin 19 + succinate + CO2.


tubulin deacetylation

The removal of an acetyl group from tubulin. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


cerebellar stellate cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar stellate cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar stellate cell fate. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


innervation

The process in which a nerve invades a tissue and makes functional synaptic connection within the tissue.


chlorate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chlorate, ClO3-, from one side of a membrane to the other.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


endocytosed synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion

Fusion of an endocytosed synaptic vesicle with an endosome.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] = ADP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] phosphate.


positive regulation of asexual reproduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


acylphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl phosphate + H2O = a carboxylate + phosphate.


natural killer cell proliferation

The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division.


mammary placode formation

The developmental process in which the mammary placode forms. The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine <=> cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside + coenzyme A.


allocryptopine 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allocryptopine + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 6-hydroxy-allocryptopine + NADP + H2O.


MAP kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the concomitant phosphorylation of threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) residues in a Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) thiolester sequence in a MAP kinase (MAPK) substrate.


cell movement involved in somal translocation

The movement of a cell body from the ventricular zone to the pial surface with a concomitant shortening of the process that extends to the pial surface.


parental behavior

A reproductive behavior in which a parent cares for and rears offspring.


protein insertion into plasma membrane

The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a plasma membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


negative regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.


tropane alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.


diterpene phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpene phytoalexins, terpenoids with 20 carbons produced by plants in response to environmental stresses.


response to antipsychotic drug

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antipsychotic drug stimulus. Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect.


envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


inositol hexakisphosphate 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = ADP + 6-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,5)pentakisphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + anthranilate.


cAMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside.


MTREC complex binding

Binding to a MTREC complex.


acquisition of plant reproductive competence

The process in which a plant acquires the ability to respond to a floral inductive signal.


response to glycoside

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoside stimulus.


sodium-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


Catalysis of the reaction: Oplophorus luciferin + O2 = oxidized Oplophorus luciferin + CO2 + hnu.


establishment of ER localization

The directed movement of the endoplasmic reticulum to a specific location.


stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the stomach epithelium.


siRNA 3'-end processing

The process of forming the mature 3' end of a siRNA molecule.


DNA-mediated transformation

The direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell from its surroundings through the cell envelope.


NK T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a NK T cell.


sporocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sporocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sporocarp is a spore bearing fruiting body organ. An example of this process is found in the Fungal species Coprinopsis cinerea.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:3-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-33 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


viral mRNA cap methylation

An innate immune response evasion mechanism in which a virus methylates the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of its mRNAs. Methylation allows evasion of the host innate immune response, which degrades cap0 (non-methylated) mRNAs.


regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol choline phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerol + CDP-choline = plasmenylcholine + CMP.


detection of visible light

The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.


urocanate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-imidazolone-5-propanoate + H+ = trans-urocanate + H2O.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors, nitrogenous group as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a nitrogenous group.


female pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.


UDP-xylose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of UDP-xylose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi medial cisterna. This can involve anterograde or retrograde transport vesicles.


chondrocyte differentiation

The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


triose-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a triose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.


fatty acid in-chain hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fatty acid + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ = fatty acid with in-chain hydroxy group + 2 NADP+ + H2O.


negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


positive regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.


neuron projection regeneration

The regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites in response to their loss or damage.


positive regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.


SUMO activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the proteolytically processed small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


response to type III interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


positive regulation of gastric emptying

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of any gastric emptying process, the process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


ecgonone methyl ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecgonone methyl ester.


brassinosteroid binding

Binding to a brassinosteroid.


tachykinin receptor activity

Combining with a tachykinin neuropeptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxydaidzein + NADPH + H+.


triokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde + ATP = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: protocatechuate + O2 = 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.


regulation of receptor localization to synapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.


dimethylallyltranstransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranyl diphosphate.


positive regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).


response to diuretic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.


retinal isomerization

The reactions involved in isomerization of all trans to all cis retnal.


indole alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


modulation of the microfilament cytoskeleton involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The changes in the actin cytoskeleton that are necessary for the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.


thermospermine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+ = S-adenosyl 3-(methylthio)propylamine + spermidine.


peptidoglycan stem peptide endopeptidase activity

A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a stem peptide of peptidoglycan.


trochlear nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the trochlear nerve is generated and organized. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + D-glyceraldehyde + H2O = (R)-glycerate + AH2 + H+.


fumonisin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumonisin.


UV protection

Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from ultraviolet radiation (UV), which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to UV.


regulation of deacetylase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.


negative regulation of glial cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,3 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: demethylphylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = phylloquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid sulfur-nitrogen bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid sulfur-nitrogen bond.


positive regulation of smooth muscle tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development.


positive regulation of thymine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


MutSbeta complex binding

Binding to a MutSbeta mismatch repair complex.


positive regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of spongiotrophoblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the spongiotrophoblast layer.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylylselenate + NADPH => adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + selenite + NADP+ + H+.


L-methionine biosynthetic process from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.


platelet activating factor receptor activity

Combining with platelet activating factor to initiate a change in cell activity.


macrocin O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + macrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tylosin.


regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.


positive regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.


regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


post-embryonic limb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.


ribonucleotide excision repair

The pathway by which a ribonucleotide is removed from DNA and replaced by a deoxyribonucleotide. The ribonucleotide is incised by RNase H2, and further excised by an endonuclease. The resulting 1 nt gap is then repaired by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


cellular response to ceramide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ceramide stimulus.


regulation of timing of catagen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.


positive regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.


leukotriene B4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene B4, a leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents.


positive regulation of response to water deprivation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation.


2-aminoethylphosphonate binding

Binding to 2-aminoethylphosphonate.


farnesylcysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O <=> (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesal + L-cysteine + hydrogen peroxide.


strand invasion

The process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.


glycerol-3-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an auditory hair cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + phthalate + H+.


fatty acid alpha-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + a 2,3,4-saturated fatty acid <=> a 2(R)-hydroperoxy fatty acid.


6-sulfoquinovose(1-) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-sulfoquinovose(1-).


positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


serotonergic neuron axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone of a serotonergic neuron to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


detection of chemical stimulus

The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


pattern specification involved in pronephros development

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


central nervous system segmentation

Division of the central nervous system into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.


cycloeucalenol cycloisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cycloeucalenol = obtusifoliol.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule, dependent on the presence of 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


negative regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


rRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule.


ribonucleoprotein complex localization

Any process in which a ribonucleoprotein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.


positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development.


dCTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + H2O = dCMP + H+ + diphosphate.


sabinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = sabinene + diphosphate.


regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex.


regulation of radial pattern formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of radial pattern formation, the regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur.


pyloric sphincter smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the narrowest part of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum.


osmolarity-sensing monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when a change in the osmolarity occurs in the extracellular space of the cell in which the cation channel resides.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


male germ-line stem cell population maintenance

The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of male germ-line stem cells.


negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding.


auxin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxins from one side of a membrane to the other. Auxins are plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


mesonephric duct morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric duct are generated and organized. A mesonephric duct is a tube drains the mesonephros.


corneal epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of a corneal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


berberine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-canadine + 2 NADP+ = berberine + H+ + 2 NADPH.


positive regulation of olefin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of olefin biosynthetic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + isoeugenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + isomethyleugenol.


cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n) = UDP + ((1,4)-beta-D-glucosyl)(n+1).


transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I

Combining with a complex of transforming growth factor beta and a type II TGF-beta receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of TGF-beta signals.


alpha-keto ester reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-keto ester + 2 H+ (from donor) = (R)-hydroxy ester. Alpha-keto esters are of the form R(1)-CO-CO-O-R(2), where the R groups may be aromatic or aliphatic.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


chlorophyll catabolite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of chlorophyll catabolites such as non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs), from one side of a membrane to the other.


tooth replacement

The process whose specific outcome is the replacement of an existing tooth with another tooth.


trimming of terminal mannose on B branch

The removal of an alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the B-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


acceptance of pollen

The recognition and acceptance of pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes.


NAD+-protein-C-terminal glycine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-C-terminal glycine + NAD+ = [protein]-C-terminal O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-glycine + nicotinamide.


negative regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


tRNA-intron endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.


ATP-dependent histone chaperone activity

Binding to and carrying a histone or a histone complex to unload or deposit it as a nucleosome, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


cell-substrate junction disassembly

The disaggregation of a cell-substrate junction into its constituent components.


enteric smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the intestine.


positive regulation of response to oxidative stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.


calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of calcium ion (Ca2+).


GDP-mannose 3,5-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose = GDP-L-galactose.


propylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining.


mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell becomes a more specialized epithelial cell of the mammary gland.


synaptic vesicle uncoating

The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle following the pinching step at the end of budding from the presynaptic membrane.


ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CMP + a phosphatidylethanolamine.


walking behavior

The behavior of an organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloctanoyl-CoA = 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


phenyl propionate uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of phenyl propionate from one side of a membrane to the other.


dendritic cell proliferation

The expansion of a dendritic cell population by cell division. A dendritic cell is a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.


negative regulation of dense core granule biogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.


alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.


regulation of cytokinetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokinetic process.


gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response

The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion following the induction of and contributing to an immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-threonyl-[protein] + H+ + UDP.


protein O-glucuronidation

The modification of a protein by glucuronidation on an amino acid oxygen atom.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sweet taste

The series of events required for a sweet taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


kidney epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.


cellular response to mannitol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mannitol stimulus.


vestibulocochlear nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vestibulocochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


azobenzene reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + aniline + NADP+ = 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + NADPH + H+.


cerebral cortex development

The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.


positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.


atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group.


protein localization to lipid droplet

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location on or within a lipid droplet.


positive regulation of thymocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


determination of muscle attachment site

The process that mediates the transfer of information from the cells of a muscle to those of its intended target, thereby identifying the target site.


dGDP binding

Binding to dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.


genital disc development

Progression of the genital imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult terminalia, comprising the entire set of internal and external genitalia and analia. Both sexes of Drosophila have a single genital disc formed from the female and male genital primordia, and the anal primordium. The anal primordium develops in both sexes, forming either male or female analia. However, only one of the genital primordia develops in each sex, forming either the male or the female genitalia.


proteasome localization

Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


rhythmic inhibition

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


molybdopterin cofactor binding

Binding to a molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


glucose dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a quinone + D-glucose = a quinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.


inositol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


positive regulation of pro-T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.


negative regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-ergosta-7,22-diene-3beta,5-diol = ergosterol + H2O.


acetylcholine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.


interleukin-17A production

The appearance of interleukin-17A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UMP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n)-glucose-1-phosphate.


tubulin-tyrosine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + detyrosinated alpha-tubulin + L-tyrosine = alpha-tubulin + ADP + phosphate.


distal tip cell migration

The orderly movement of a distal tip cell.


negative regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


high mobility group box 1 receptor activity

Combining with high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


regulation of cellular response to osmotic stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cellular response to osmotic stress.


maintenance of animal organ identity

The process in which the identity of an animal organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


cis-trans isomerase activity

Catalysis of a reaction that interconverts cis and trans isomers. Atoms or groups are termed cis or trans to one another when they lie respectively on the same or on opposite sides of a reference plane identifiable as common among stereoisomers.


regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


pterocarpan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + medicarpin = 4'-methoxyisoflavan-2',4,7-triol.


granzyme-mediated programmed cell death signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the cell death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of cell death is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce cell death in target cells.


macrophage proliferation

The expansion of a macrophage population by cell division.


cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a cholangiocyte.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2.


vomifoliol 4'-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S,9R)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionol + NAD+ = (6S)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionone + H+ + NADH.


response to hexane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexane stimulus.


facioacoustic ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized flavodoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced flavodoxin.


furaldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving furaldehyde, a furan ring-containing aldehyde compound which can be formed from the thermal decomposition of biomass.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> 4-chloro-2-methylphenol + 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion + succinate + carbon dioxide.


trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


alternansucrase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from sucrose to alternately the 6-position and the 3-position of the non-reducing terminal residue of an alpha-D-glucan, thus producing a glucan having alternating alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,3-linkages.


cyanate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


interleukin-1, type II, blocking receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity by inhibiting the activity of type I interleukin receptors.


regulation of cell budding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and growth of cell buds.


extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.


quinolinate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


dicarboxylate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an omega-dicarboxylic acid + CoASH= AMP + diphosphate + an omega-carboxyacyl-CoA.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


response to toluene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toluene stimulus.


oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an oxysterol + NADPH + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxylated oxysterol + NADP+ + H2O.


nuclear body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any of the extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.


negative regulation of maltose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.


(R)-mandelate catabolic process to catechol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including catechol.


ubiquitin ligase-substrate adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a ubiquitin ligase and its substrate. Usually mediated by F-box BTB/POZ domain proteins.


histone H4-R3 methylation

The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.


ecgonone methyl ester catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonone methyl ester.


beta-caryophyllene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-caryophyllene.


regulation of exocyst localization

Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.


positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), resulting in activation of MAPKKK. MAPKKK signaling pathways relay, amplify and integrate signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (vanilloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> H+ + cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + vanillate.


regulation of hippo signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.


biotin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.


juvenile hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.


positive regulation of blood circulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.


IgM binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'''-demalonylsalvianin + malonyl-CoA = salvianin + coenzyme A.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroxyfumarate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + L-glutamate.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.


spheroidene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spheroidene.


valine dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH.


vasodilation

An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.


skotomorphogenesis

The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation in response to growth in darkness.


ATP-dependent DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity

Catalytic activity that acts to transfer a methyl group to a DNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = divinylprotochlorophyllide + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O.


7-methylguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.


UDP-sugar diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-sugar + H2O = UMP + sugar 1-phosphate.


regulation of dauer larval development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


plasmid recombination

A process of DNA recombination occurring within a plasmid or between plasmids and other plasmids or DNA molecules.


secologanin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: loganin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = secologanin + NADP+ + 2 H2O.


G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity

Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


aerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.


positive regulation of cholesterol storage

Any process that increases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


negative regulation of molecular function in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


interleukin-17F production

The appearance of interleukin-17F due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


mesothelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in early lung development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesothelial cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung.


W-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


snRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Activity that provides specificity to a pseudouridine synthetase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific pseudouridylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor activity

Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


cellular response to salt stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


aculeacin-A deacylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the amide bond in aculeacin A and related neutral lipopeptide antibiotics, releasing the long-chain fatty acid side-chain.


positive regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.


musculoskeletal movement

The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system.


(R)-mandelate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate + acceptor = phenylglyoxylate + reduced acceptor.


mammary gland alveolus development

The progression of the mammary gland alveolus over time, from its formation to its mature state. The mammary gland alveolus is a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland.


9-fluorenone dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + 2 NADPH + O2 = 2 NADP+ + 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-9-fluorenone.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-1,2-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene.


(E)-caffeate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-caffeate + ATP + CoA = (E)-caffeoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


cholesterol 25-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + cholesterol + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O.


regulation of leukocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.


lipid A-core heptosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: galactosyl-glucosyl3-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-bisphosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = lipid A-core + ADP + H+.


alpha,alpha-phosphotrehalase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.


arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8S,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoate.


neurotransmitter receptor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitter receptors.


peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine

The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.


positive regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + NAD+ + H2O.


stellate cell precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to stellate cells. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


alkylamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhexanamide + H2O = hexanoate + methylammonium.


3-phenylpropionate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. It is produced from putrefaction of proteins in soil or breakdown of several constituents of plants, such as lignin, various oils and resins.


positive regulation of seed germination

Any process that activates or increase the rate of seed germination.


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-jasmonate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + (-)-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


fungal-type cell wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a fungal-type cell wall.


vitamin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a vitamin from one side of a membrane to the other.


deNEDDylase activity

An isopeptidase activity that cleaves NEDD8 from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


methionine adenosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine.


sepiapterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP+ = sepiapterin + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = N-isopropylammelide + ethylamine.


female germline ring canal stabilization

Maintenance of the structural integrity of the ring canals connecting the female germline cyst.


response to sulfur dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = alpha-D-galactosyl-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + 1,2-diacylglycerol.


intracellular nickel ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nickel ions within a cell.


regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

Any process that mediates the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.


unsubstituted mannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the mannan backbone, the unsubstituted polymer of D-mannose units.


phospholipid scramblase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, by an ATP-independent mechanism.


response to differentiation-inducing factor 1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one stimulus.


DDT 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT. 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDT.


XCL1 production

The appearance of XCL1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex.


suppression by virus of host catalytic activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity.


palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 3'',6''-O-dimalonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + malonyl-CoA(5-) <=> cyanidin 3-O-(3''', 6''-O-dimalonyl-beta-glucopyranoside) + coenzyme A.


myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons

The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve.


pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pimelyl-CoA = 2,3-didehydropimeloyl-CoA + H+ + NADH.


post-embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


galactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-glutamate.


myeloid cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.


quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quinate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


convergent extension involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros.


vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem

The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.


1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid, the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.


enterobactin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


messenger ribonucleoprotein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to form a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex.


fucoidanase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,2-alpha-L-fucoside linkages in fucoidan without release of sulfate.


tendon cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tendon cell. Tendon cell are elongated fibrocytes in which the cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. Tendon cells have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance.


methyl fluoride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl fluoride, fluorine-substituted methane, a gaseous halogenated hydrocarbon that has been investigated as an inhibitor of methanotrophy and nitrification in soils.


N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (N1-acetylspermidine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N1-acetylspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.


sperm storage

The retention of sperm by a female following mating.


urea cycle

The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate.


regulation of female gonad development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.


AMP-activated protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of AMP.


protein localization to eisosome filament

A process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location in a eisosome filament (also called linear eisosome), a filamentous cortical structure formed, in S. pombe, by the eisosome component Pil1.


Catalysis of the reaction:1-(1,2-saturated alkyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


detection of oxidative stress

The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal.


GDP-L-galactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


metanephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric interstitial fibroblast.


negative regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


brush border assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of adjacent microvilli through the formation of Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links between them, forming a brush border.


streptomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media; it acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.


spore encystment

The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = stachyose + myo-inositol.


methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step.


forked DNA-dependent helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix containing forked DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: galactogen + UDP-galactose = 1,6-beta-D-galctosylgalactogen + UDP.


dihydroneopterin aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(D-erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine = 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine + glycolaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate = H2O + NADP+ + trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate.


neuronal pentraxin receptor activity

Combining with a neuronal pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid + NAD+ = a 3-oxo-delta(5)-steroid + NADH + H+.


calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


positive regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.


mitochondrial translational termination

The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in a mitochondrion, usually in response to a termination codon (note that mitochondria use variants of the universal genetic code that differ between different taxa).


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + lipid IV(a).


diamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a diamine + H2O + O2 = a monoamine + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


positive regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


galactose to glucose-1-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways in which galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose, is converted to glucose-1-phosphate.


glutathione derivative biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione derivative.


tRNA (guanine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylguanine.


pore formation in host plasma membrane

The disruption of host plasma membrane integrity by formation of a pore, resulting in deregulated ion homeostasis, and cellular dysfunction that can result in cell death.


olfactory nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the olfactory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


receptor localization to non-motile cilium

A process in which a receptor is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.


female gamete generation

Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.


pre-mRNA branch point binding

Binding to a pre-mRNA branch point sequence, located upstream of the 3' splice site.


tetrapeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tetrapeptide from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methyladenine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.


peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form tele-methylhistidine

The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine).


basement membrane assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue.


diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diphosphate, the anion or salt of diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + H+ + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate.


alpha-bisabolene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,R)-alpha-bisabolene + diphosphate.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


calcium ion binding involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The directed change of free calcium ion concentration in the postsynaptic cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.


cellular response to methylamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.


renal interstitial fibroblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a renal interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.


modification by symbiont of host tight cell-cell junction

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host tight junction, a cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a lymphocyte, a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.


protein localization to ciliary membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane.


acyltransferase activity, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor), with the acyl group being converted into alkyl on transfer.


4-hydroxymandelate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelate + CO2.


regulation of mammary gland cord elongation by mammary fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of mammary gland cord elongation as a result of a signal being created by a mesenchymal cell that is a precursor to the mammary fat and its subsequent reception and interpretation by an mammary cord epithelial cell.


hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: hydroxylamine + NH3 = hydrazine + H2O, and hydrazine + acceptor = N2 + reduced acceptor.


ventricular septum intermedium morphogenesis

The developmental process in which a ventricular septum intermedium is generated and organized.


methylglyoxal catabolic process to lactate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into lactate.


Catalysis of the reaction: chondroitin D-glucuronate = dermatan L-iduronate.


cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone

The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane.


reduced coenzyme F420:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + CoB-S-S-CoM = coenzyme F420 + CoM-SH + CoB-SH.


global genome nucleotide-excision repair

The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.


larval walking behavior

The behavior of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.


glycolate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).


FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FAD = AMP + riboflavin cyclic-4',5'-phosphate.


Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity

Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gq/11 subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gq/11 subunit subsequently activates phospholipase C and results in an increase in inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels.


C-C chemokine receptor activity

Combining with a C-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. C-C chemokines do not have an amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four-cysteine motif.


cold-induced thermogenesis

The process by which heat is generated by increasing metabolism in response to cold ambient temperatures in order to maintain a stable core body temperature.


oenocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oenocyte. Oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


floral whorl development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a floral whorl over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A floral whorl is a circular arrangement of parts of a flower arising from a stem of a plant.


histone H3-K4 demethylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone.


cutin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cutin, a waxy substance, which combined with cellulose forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.


nicotine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotine + acceptor + H2O = (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + reduced acceptor.


positive regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid.


URM1 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y = Y-URM1 + X, where both X-URM1 and Y-URM1 are covalent linkages.


optic nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the optic nerve to attain its fully functional state. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


sterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a sterol ester.


ER-nucleus signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation.


endodeoxyribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


galactomannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactose as single side units.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.


Peyer's patch development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Peyer's patches over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


cellular response to UV

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


platelet morphogenesis

Generation and organization of a platelet, a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.


haloalkane dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-haloalkane + H2O = a primary alcohol + halide.


Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylethanolamine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine.


autophagosome localization

Any process in which an autophagosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor activity

Combining with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle

A pathway leading to the fixation of two molecules of CO2 and the production of one molecule of acetyl-CoA; essentially the oxidative TCA cycle running in reverse. Acetyl-CoA is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate, from which all other central metabolites can be formed. Most of the enzymes of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle are shared, with the exception of three key enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, and fumarate reductase the reduction of fumarate forming succinate.


alanine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine = D-alanine.


regulation of Toll signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.


response to cytochalasin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.


rhombomere 3 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 3 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


beak development

The progression of the beak over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-pantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H+ = (R)-pantetheine + CO2.


Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-D-galactofuranose.