RSF complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals) and an RSF1 homolog. It mediates nucleosome deposition and generates regularly spaced nucleosome arrays. In mammals, RSF is involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters).


TIM22 mitochondrial import inner membrane insertion complex

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A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates the inner membrane insertion of multi-transmembrane spanning proteins that contain internal targeting elements. In yeast cells, TIM22 is a 300-kDa complex, consisting of four membrane integral subunits, Tim22, Tim54, Tim18 and Sdh3, and a peripheral chaperone complex consisting of the small TIM proteins, Tim9-Tim10-Tim12.


transnitrosylase complex

A transferase complex which is capable of transferring nitrogenous groups from one component to another.


upstream stimulatory factor complex

A protein complex capable of sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity through binding to a symmetrical DNA sequence (E-boxes) (5'-CACGTG-3'). Found in a variety of viral and cellular promoters.


NAGS/NAGK complex

A protein complex that acts both as N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) catalysing the production of N-Acetylglutamate from glutamate and acetyl-CoA, and as N-acetylglutamate kinase (NAGK) catalysing the reaction ATP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate.


ionotropic glutamate receptor complex

A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.


GET complex

An endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex that is conserved in eukaryotics and that mediates the insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER membrane. In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.


polymeric IgA immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two, three, or four monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complexes linked through both direct disulfide bonds and through disulfide binded monomers of J chain acting as a bridge. Each IgA monomer consists of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Dimeric IgA is sometimes complexed additionally with secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-tenascin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein tenascin.


ESCRT III complex

A complex with membrane scission activity that plays a major role in many processes where membranes are remodelled - including endosomal transport (vesicle budding), nuclear envelope organisation (membrane closure, mitotic bridge cleavage), and cytokinesis (abscission).


FtsQBL complex

A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). Part of the divisome. Assembled independently of the other divisome components in the cytoplasm prior to transport to the cell septum. In E. coli consists of FtsB, FtsL and FtsQ.


eNoSc complex

A chromatin silencing complex that recruits histone-modifying enzymes and upregulates silencing of rDNA in response to glucose starvation.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)

A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.


mitotic checkpoint complex

A multiprotein complex that functions as a mitotic checkpoint inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). In budding yeast this complex consists of Mad2p, Mad3p, Bub3p and Cdc20p, and in mammalian cells it consists of MAD2, BUBR1, BUB3, and CDC20.


PTEN phosphatase complex

A phospholipid phosphatase complex that catalyses the hydrolysis of the second messenger PtdIns (3,4,5)P3. Will also dephosphorylate PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns3P, and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Dimerization is critical for its lipid phosphatase function.


Cdr2 medial cortical node complex

A megadalton-sized complex at the medial cortex organized as an oligomeric core of SAD family protein kinases involved in cell size-dependent localization and phosphorylation of Wee1 during interphase.


oligosaccharyltransferase I complex

An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains at least seven polypeptides and is the major OST complex in mammalian cells. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complex identified, the OSTI complex has the weakest affinity for ribosomes.


CSF1-CSF1R complex

A protein complex consisting of a macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1, also called M-CSF) dimer bound to a dimerized receptor (CSF1R, also called FMS). Receptor dimerization requires the presence of the ligand.


dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase Pmt4p homodimer complex

A protein dimer complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity and, in S. cerevisiae, is composed of Pmt4p.


Ubp3-Bre5 deubiquitination complex

A protein complex that cleaves ubiquitin from specific substrates. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Ubp3p and Bre5p.


myosin XIV complex

A myosin complex containing a class XIV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XIV heavy chains are the simplest known, containing a motor domain, no classic IQ motif and variable length tails.


GMP reductase complex

An oxidoreductase complex which is capable of GMP reductase activity. It catalyses the irreversible reaction: GMP + 2 H+ + NADPH => IMP + NADP+ + NH4.


trans-synaptic protein complex

A protein complex that spans the synaptic cleft and has parts in both the pre- and post-synaptic membranes.


methanol-CoM methyltransferase complex

A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from protein N(PI)-phosphohistidine to a sugar molecule. It is enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system.


myosin XIII complex

A myosin complex containing one or more class XIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.


Noc1p-Noc2p complex

A heterodimer associated with 90S and 66S preribosomes. Predominantly, but not exclusively, nucleolar; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.


Nicalin-NOMO complex

A protein complex regulating Nodal signaling. Subunits are highly conserved in vertebrates and include Nicalin, NOMO and TMEM147.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide to trimethylamine.


nuclear RNA export factor complex

A protein complex that contains two proteins (know in several organisms, including Drosophila, as NXF1 and NXF2) and is required for the export of the majority of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; localized in the nucleoplasm and at both the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic faces of the nuclear pore complex; shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


integrin alpha2-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha2 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


laminin-9 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


SAM complex

A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates sorting of some imported proteins to the outer membrane and their assembly in the membrane; functions after import of incoming proteins by the mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.


G-protein beta/gamma-Btk complex

A protein complex formed by the association of the Bruton tyrosine protein kinase Btk, which is implicated in mammalian X-linked immunodeficiencies, with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.


mannan polymerase complex

A protein complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins.


glutaminase complex

A protein complex which is capable of glutaminase activity.


NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex

A Gcn5-independent multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3. The budding yeast complex includes Sas3p, Taf30p, and Yng1p.


vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.


longitudinal flagellum

A motile cilium found in dinoflagellates. It trails the cell and acts as a steering rudder. It is often partially contained in a furrow called the sulcus, and emerges from a flagellar pore located in the sulcus.


MAML2-RBP-Jkappa-ICN1 complex

A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-2 (MAML2); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


CHOP-C/EBP complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) and a member of the C/EBP family of transcription factors.


CIA complex

The cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur clusters into apoproteins involved in DNA metabolism and genomic integrity.


photosystem II oxygen evolving complex

A complex, composed of a cluster of manganese, calcium and chloride ions bound to extrinsic proteins, that catalyzes the splitting of water to O2 and 4 H+. In cyanobacteria there are five extrinsic proteins in OEC (PsbO, PsbP-like, PsbQ-like, PsbU and PsbV), while in plants there are only three (PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ).


MMXD complex

A protein complex that contains the proteins MMS19, MIP18 and XPD, localizes to mitotic spindle during mitosis, and is required for proper chromosome segregation.


phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase complex

A protein complex capable of catalysing the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.


glutamate-cysteine ligase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate to cysteine, forming glutamylcysteine.


telomere cap complex

A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


methionine-importing complex

A protein complex which is capable of methionine-importing activity.


plasma membrane succinate dehydrogenase complex

A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:IPR003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:IPR000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind/react with quinones. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


taste receptor complex

A protein complex which is capable of taste receptor activity.


CUGBP1-eIF2 complex

A protein complex that contains the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex (EIF2), CUG binding protein 1, and several endoplasmic reticulum proteins; the complex is involved in the regulation of translation.


type VI protein secretion system complex

A complex of proteins that permits the transfer of proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells via the type VI secretion system. Proteins secreted by this complex do not require an N-terminal signal sequence.


RSP5-BUL ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of RSP5 and BUL components. It polyubiquinates plasma membrane transporters and permeases, required for their endocytosis and subsequent degradation in the vacuole. BUL1 or BUL2, respectively, bind to the target protein, enabling ubiquitylation by Rsp5. Phosphorylation of BUL proteins results in binding to 14-3-3 proteins, protecting the permeases from down-regulation.


RNA polymerase transcription factor SL1 complex

A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that contains the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and at least three TBP-associated factors including proteins known in mammals as TAFI110, TAFI63 and TAFI48.


glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex

A transmembrane signalling receptor complex found exclusively on platelets. Involved in haemostasis and thrombosis where it aids blood coagulation.


archaeal proton-transporting A-type ATPase complex

A large proton-transporting two-sector ATPase protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane and is found in Archaea.


lymphotoxin complex

A homo- or heterotrimeric protein containing complex consisting of alpha and beta lymphotoxin subunits in different stoichiometric combinations.


mating-type region heterochromatin

Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci.


centralspindlin complex

A heterotetrameric protein complex playing a key role in the formation of the central spindle in mitosis. Made up of two molecules each of a mitotic kinesin (ZEN-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MKLP1 in mammals) and of two molecules each of a GTPase activating protein (GAP) factor (CYK-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans or MgcRacGAP in mammals).


mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA in eukaryotes; includes subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The This Eukaryotic form usually contains more subunits than its bacterial counterpart; for example, one known complex contains 30 E1 dimers, 60 E2 monomers, and 6 E3 dimers as well as a few copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.


A protein complex which is capable of phosphatidylinositol transporter activity.


nitrite reductase complex [NAD(P)H]

Complex that possesses nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity.


cellubrevin-VAMP4-syntaxin-16 complex

A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, and syntaxin 16 (or orthologs thereof).


proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. The V1 complex consists of: (1) a globular headpiece with three alternating copies of subunits A and B that form a ring, (2) a central rotational stalk composed of single copies of subunits D and F, and (3) a peripheral stalk made of subunits C, E, G and H. Subunits A and B mediate the hydrolysis of ATP at three reaction sites associated with subunit A.


sodium ion-transporting F-type ATPase complex

A sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism.


Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul5 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.


ATF1-ATF4 transcription factor complex

Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF1 and ATF4 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') of the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter. Involved in the ER stress response pathway.


mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex

A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. The pore complex is formed of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin-D (CyP-D).


mRNA cap binding complex

Any protein complex that binds to an mRNA cap at any time in the lifetime of the mRNA.


IKKalpha-IKKalpha complex

A homodimeric protein complex containing two IkappaB kinase (IKK) alpha subunits.


G protein-coupled receptor heterodimeric complex

A protein complex that contains two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of different subtypes. Formation of a GPCR heterodimer may alter the functional property of the GPCR.


TAF4B-containing transcription factor TFIID complex

A transcription factor TFIID complex that contains the TBP-associated factor TAF4B (also known as TAFII105 in human), a cell-type-specific variant of TAF4.


integrin alphav-beta3 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta3 subunit.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.


chloroplastic endopeptidase Clp complex

A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the chloroplast.


A SNARE complex that contains VAMP4, syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).


laminin-15 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.


methionyl glutamyl tRNA synthetase complex

A complex consisting of methionyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases. The tRNA synthetases present in the complex bind to their cognate tRNAs more efficiently than they do as monomers.


photosystem

A complex located in a photosynthetic membrane that consists of a photoreaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. Examples of this component are found in Arabidopsis thaliana and in photosynthetic bacterial and archaeal species.


viral scaffold

A complex of proteins that form a scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.


SOD1-Bcl-2 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex formed of superoxide dismutase 1 and Bcl-2. Complex formation is thought to link superoxide dismutase to an apoptotic pathway.


angiogenin-PRI complex

A stable heterodimer of angiogenin and placental ribonuclease inhibitor; interaction between angiogenin and PRI prevents angiogenin binding to its receptor to stimulate angiogenesis.


filamentous actin

A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin.


respiratory system basement membrane

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A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system.


death-inducing signaling complex

A protein complex formed by the association of signaling proteins with a death receptor upon ligand binding. The complex includes procaspases and death domain-containing proteins in addition to the ligand-bound receptor, and may control the activation of caspases 8 and 10.


homomeric SMAD protein complex

A protein complex composed of a single type of SMAD family proteins. In the absence of Smad4, phosphorylation of R-SMADs results in their homotrimerization. However, these complexes do not appear to import into the nucleus and are assumed to be transcriptionally inactive.


mRNA editing complex

A protein complex that posttranscriptionally catalyzes insertion, deletion or substitution of nucleotides at multiple sites within nascent mRNA transcripts to produce mature mRNAs in eukaryotes.


CRLF-CLCF1 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (product of the CLCF1 gene) and cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (product of the CRLF gene) and is secreted into the extracellular space. The CRLF-CLCF1 complex is a ligand for the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor complex.


ESCRT II complex

An endosomal sorting complex required for transport and functions downstream of ESCRT I complex. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and is required for the membrane recruitment of ESCRT III complex and binds to ubiquitinated cargoes.


NatB complex

A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Glu, Met-Asp, Met-Asn, or Met-Met N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat3p and Mdm20p.


septin complex

A protein complex containing septins. Typically, these complexes contain multiple septins and are oligomeric.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.


ESC/E(Z) complex

A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12. In mammals the core subunits of the complex include EED, EZH2, SUZ12 and RBBP4.


Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex

A protein complex which is capable of Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


phycobilisome

Any of the granules, approximately 32 nm x 48 nm and consisting of highly aggregated phycobiliproteins, that are attached in arrays to the external face of a thylakoid membrane in algae of the phyla Cyanophyta and Rhodophyta, where they function as light-harvesting devices in photosynthesis. Excitation energy in the phycobilisome flows in the sequence: phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin before passing to the antenna chlorophyll of photosystem II.


A protein complex that contains two cell adhesion molecules, a protocadherin-alpha and a protocadherin-gamma, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


CHOP-ATF4 complex

A heterodimeric transcription factor complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4, also known as cAMP response element binding protein-2/CREB-2) subunits.


activator ecdysone receptor complex

A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) bound to the ligand ecdysone, which activates transcription of target genes.


radial spoke 3

Radial spoke 3 (RS3), when present, is the most distal of each group of radial spokes, whether grouped as triplets or doublets. RS3 has significantly different morphology and protein composition than RS1 and RS2 and also extends at a slant from the microtubule doublet, rather than perpendicularly like RS1 and RS2. In some organisms (e.g. Chlamydomonas and Sarcophaga bullata), RS3 is represented only as a stump attached to the A-microtubule lacking the rest of the stalk structure and entirely lacking the head structure.


apical tubulobulbar complex

Actin-based structures involved in establishing close contact between mature spermatids and Sertoli cells at the luminal end of the Sertoli cell.


GPI-anchor transamidase complex

An enzyme complex which in humans and yeast consists of at least five proteins; for example, the complex contains GAA1, GPI8, PIG-S, PIG-U, and PIG-T in human, and Gaa1p, Gab1p, Gpi8p, Gpi16p, and Gpi17p in yeast. Catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of the carboxy-terminus of a precursor protein to a GPI-anchor.


Sid2-Mob1 complex

A protein complex that contains a protein kinase (Sid2 in S. pombe) and its regulatory subunit (Mob1). The Sid2p-Mob1p kinase complex is a component of the septation initiation network in fission yeast (called the mitotic exit network in S. cerevisiae) and is required for cytokinesis. The analogous complex in S. cerevisiae is called Dbf2p-Mob1p complex.


Ku70:Ku80 complex

Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.


nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex

A multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage.


serine-type peptidase complex

A protein complex which is capable of serine-type peptidase activity.


signal recognition particle receptor complex

A transmembrane heterodimeric protein located in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both subunits contain GTPase domains with which signal recognition particle interacts. In the presence of GTP and SRP receptor, SRP is released from the ribosome-nascent chain complex.


GATA1-TAL1-TCF3-Lmo2 complex

A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA1, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis.


G-protein alpha(13)-synembrin complex

A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(13) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


right posteriolateral flagellum

A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the right posteriolateral basal body and extends cytoplasmically toward the cell posterior, marking the right anterior boundary of the lateral shield and the right lateral region of the funis before exiting at the right lateral region of the cell body.


euchromatin

A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin that is in a transcription-competent conformation.


alpha5-beta5-fibronectin-SFRP2 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta5 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and secreted frizzled-related protein 2.


mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint MAD1-MAD2 complex

A protein complex involved in the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex that in turn inhibits the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The MAD1 dimer recruits the open form of MAD2 (O-MAD2) turning it into the closed form (C-MAD2) upon binding. C-MAD2 inhibits CDC20, a member of the APC/C, upon release from the MAD1-MAD2 complex.


EGFR-Shc-Grb2-Sos complex

A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2, the adaptor protein SHC and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)

The sector of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex in which the catalytic activity resides; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with a membrane, such as the plasma membrane or the mitochondrial inner membrane, when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.


Mre11 complex

Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.


SC5b-7 complex

A protein complex that consist of complement components C5b6 and C7 stably inserted in a cell membrane. Formation of the SC5b-7 complex is the first phase of membrane attack complex assembly.


m7G(5')pppN diphosphatase complex

A homodimeric protein complex that catalyzes the reaction: 7-methylguanosine-5'-triphospho-5'-pholynucleotide + H20 = 7-methylguanosine-5'-phosphate + polynucleotide.


bI3 intron splicing complex

Aprotein complex required for the splicing of intron 3 of the cytochrome b (COB) gene. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains the maturase bI3 (which derives from one of the products of the splicing), the MRS1 cofactor and the intron 4 of the cytochrome b pre-mRNA. The two proteins stimulate the ribozyme activity of the pre-mRNA which autoctalyse a group I intron splicing.


haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex

A protein complex formed by the stable binding of a haptoglobin to hemoglobin.


endodeoxyribonuclease complex

A protein complex which is capable of endodeoxyribonuclease activity.


IgE immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgE immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


methionine-importing ABC transporter complex

An ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex that is capable of methionine-importing activity. An example is the bacterial MetNIQ methionine transporter, that consists of the dimeric ATPase subunit MetN located at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and the dimeric transmembrane subunit MetI. MetQ is regarded as the periplasmic methionine-binding chaperon subunit, and is capable of transporting methionine from the periplasm into the cytoplasm in an ATP-dependent manner.


nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex

A protein complex that possesses nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity. The nucleotide can be AMP (in S. pombe and human) or ADP (in S. cerevisiae).


EARP complex

A quatrefoil tethering complex required for endocytic recycling.


CHRAC

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


MWP complex

A protein ternary complex that anchors microtubule minus ends to mitotic spindle pole bodies. The founding complex contains a microtubule anchoring protein (Msd1 in fission yeast), A WD-repeat Wdr8 family protein and and a minus end-directed kinesin.


Isw1 complex

A protein complex that contains an Isw1 subunit from the ISWI-family of ATPases and acts to modify chromatin structure.


chloroplast photosystem I

Photosystem located in the chloroplast that functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


DnaA-HU complex

A protein-DNA complex containing DNA-bound DnaA attached to HU. HU is a dimer encoded by two closely related genes. Essential for the initiation of replication in bacteria; stimulates the DnaA-dependent unwinding of oriC.


acetylcholine-gated channel complex

A homo- or hetero-pentameric protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass in response to acetylcholine binding.


type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex

A multisubunit complex composed of two copies of a restriction (R) subunit, two copies of a methylation (M) subunit, and one copy of a specificity (S) subunit. This complex recognizes specific short DNA sequences (through the S subunit), and binds to them. If the recognition site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a methyltransferase which modifies the recognition site, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Only the M and S subunits are required for this reaction. If the complex binds to an unmethylated recognition site, then the complex translocates the DNA bidirectionally in an ATP-dependent manner. When the translocation is stalled by impact with another complex or unusual DNA structure, the enzyme functions as an endonuclease and cleavage of the DNA will occur, hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site. These DNA restriction systems are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


EGFR-Grb2-Sos complex

A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.


left ventral flagellum

A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the left ventral basal body and exits the cell body proximally and dorsal to the ventral disc.


NOS2-CD74 complex

A protein complex comprising nitric oxide synthase 2 and CD74. This stable complex formation is thought to prevent CD74 degradation by caspases.


Mcs4 RR-MAPKKK complex

A protein complex that consists of a phospho relay component and a MAPK cascade component. The complex is involved in signaling oxidative stress and osmostress.


hexameric IgM immunoglobulin complex

A circulating form of IgM consisting of a hexamer of IgM core units with a single J chain polypeptide.


Kv4.2-KChIP2 channel complex

A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP2 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


WICH complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2H in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and WSTF (Williams Syndrome Transcription Factor). WICH plays roles in regulation of RNAP I and III transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


Ragulator complex

A vacuolar membrane-anchored guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex for the Rag GTPases (Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex GO:1990131) in TORC1 signalling pathway. In human, Ragulator is comprised of the membrane anchor subunit LAMTOR1 (Meh1p in S. cerevisiae, Lam1 in S. pombe), a GEF subunit LAMTOR2 ( Slm4 in S. cerevisiae , Lam2 in S. pombe ) , LAMTOR3 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam3 in S. pombe) , LAMTOR4 (no S. cerevisiae ortholog identified, Lam4 in S. pombe), and LAMTOR5 (no S. cerevisiae or S. pombe ortholog identified).


interferon regulatory factor 3-interferon regulatory factor 7 complex

An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a heterodimer of interferon regulatory factor 3 and interferon regulatory factor 7.


potassium:proton exchanging ATPase complex

A protein complex that possesses hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity; characterized in animal cells, where it maintains ionic gradients of K+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis; The complex contains two obligatory subunits, the catalytic alpha subunit and a glycosylated beta subunit; two additional subunits, gamma and channel-inducing factor (CHIF), may also be present.


BMP receptor complex

A protein complex that acts as a receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); a homo- or heterodimer of type I and/or type II BMP receptor subunits.


dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase complex

A protein complex which is capable of dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase activity.


DNA polymerase III complex

The DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is a complex that contains 10 different types of subunits. These subunits are organized into 3 functionally essential sub-assemblies: the pol III core, the beta sliding clamp processivity factor and the clamp-loading complex. The pol III core carries out the polymerase and the 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activities. The polymerase is tethered to the template via the sliding clamp processivity factor. The clamp-loading complex assembles the beta processivity factor onto the primer template and plays a central role in the organization and communication at the replication fork.


AnxA2-p11 complex

A heterotetrameric protein complex comprising two Annexin A2 (AnxA2) monomers and two copies of its binding partner, S100 protein p11 (S100A10).


oligosaccharyltransferase III complex

An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma and the tetrameric TRAP complex. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTIII complex has the strongest affinity for ribosomes.


plasma membrane fumarate reductase complex

A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:IPR003510; InterPro:IPR00224) and D (InterPro:IPR003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. In some species, the complex has only three subunits, and in these cases, there is only one membrane anchor instead of two. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


RAD6-UBR2 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex consisting of RAD6 and UBR2 components. It may act in a quality control pathway for proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. The UBR2 component lacks sequence motifs required for N-end rule degradation.


Dcp1-Dcp2 complex

A protein complex consisting of a Dcp1 regulatory subunit and a Dcp2 catalytic subunit that has mRNA cap binding activity and is involved in decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA.


COPII vesicles tethering complex

A protein complex that resides in the cis-golgi membrane and plays a role in the tethering of COPII vesicles, through an interaction with vesicle tethering proteins (p115 in H. Sapiens and Uso1 S. cerevisiae), granting the cis-Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport. It is composed by GRASP65 and GM130 protein in H. sapiens and by Bug1 and Grh1 proteins in S. cerevisiae.


banded collagen fibril

A supramolecular assembly of fibrillar collagen complexes in the form of a long fiber (fibril) with transverse striations (bands).


integrin alpha7-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha7 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


inhibin B complex

Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.


light-harvesting complex

A protein-pigment complex that may be closely or peripherally associated to photosynthetic reaction centers that participate in harvesting and transferring radiant energy to the reaction center.


extracellular exosome complex

A protein complex that is wholly or partially contained within the lumen or membrane of the extracellular vesicular exosome.


Las1 complex

A four subunit complex, that comprises all the necessary RNA processing enzymes (endonuclease, polynucleotide kinase, and exonuclease) to mediate 'cistronic rRNA transcript ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer) cleavage' (GO:0000448).


proteasome core complex

A multisubunit barrel shaped endoprotease complex, which is the core of the proteasome complex.


SBF transcription complex

A protein complex that binds to the Swi4/6 cell cycle box (SCB) promoter element, consensus sequence CRCGAAA, and activates transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Swi4p and the activator Swi6p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Whi5p and Msa1p.


Toll-like receptor 2-Toll-like receptor 6 protein complex

A heterodimeric protein complex containing Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6).


HslUV protease complex

A protein complex that possesses ATP-dependent protease activity; consists of an ATPase large subunit with homology to other ClpX family ATPases and a peptidase small subunit related to the proteasomal beta-subunits of eukaryotes. In the E. coli complex, a double ring-shaped homohexamer of HslV is capped on each side by a ring-shaped HslU homohexamer.


VRK3/VHR/ERK complex

A ternary complex consisting of VRK3, VHR (Dusp3), and ERK1 (Mapk3) existing in neuronal cells, and is involved in regulation of the ERK signaling pathway.


SCF-Ufo1/Pof10 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Ufo1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof10 in S. pombe).


core TFIIH complex portion of holo TFIIH complex

The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.


signal recognition particle, chloroplast targeting

A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to the chloroplast.


RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex

A protein complex first characterized in human and comprised of a R2TP module (R2TP complex), a prefoldin-like module (containing both prefoldin-like proteins and canonical prefoldins), WD40 repeat protein Monad/WDR92 and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit RPB5. This complex might have chaperone activity.


messenger ribonucleoprotein complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex containing both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.


transcription repressor complex

A protein complex that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.


CFTR-NHERF-ezrin complex

A protein complex that contains ezrin, Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF, also called EBP50), and two copies of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The CFTR molecules interact with NHERF via their cytoplasmic tail domains; the complex is thought to link the CFTR channel to the actin cytoskeleton and contribute to the regulation of channel activity.


exon-exon junction subcomplex mago-y14

Component of the core exon-exon-junction complex (EJC). Fairly conserved in eukaryotes; in Drosophila, consists of the Mago and Y14 (tsunagi) gene products. Important for coupling nuclear and cytoplasmic events in gene expression. Inhibits the ATPase activity of eIF4AIII (Q9VHS8) to ensure a stable association of the EJC core with the mRNA.


Nkx-2.5 complex

A transcription factor complex formed by two or more subunits of Nkx-2.5. Nkx-2.5 is an evolutionary conserved transcription factor important for the specification and differentiation of cardiomyocytes during heart development. It is also required for spleen development. It binds DNA either as a monomer, or a homodimer, or a heterodimer complex to activate or inhibit expression of genes.


BRCA2-BRAF35 complex

A heterodimeric complex of BRCA2 and BRAF35 (BRCA2-associated factor 35). The BRCA2-BRAF35 complex is often associated with condensed chromatin during mitosis.


myosin VIII complex

A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VIII is predicted to be dimeric, and contain an unusual 100-190 residue N-terminal extension prior to their motor domains, 3-4 IQ motifs, a short region (~70 residues) of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil and a C-terminal domain.


A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Rab3a (or orthologs thereof).


shelterin complex

A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase. The complex is known to contain TERF1, TERF2, POT1, RAP1, TINF2 and ACD in mammalian cells, and Pot1, Tpz1, Rap1, Rif1, Rif2 and Taz1 in Saccharomyces. Taz1 and Rap1 (or their mammalian equivalents) form a dsDNA-binding subcomplex, Pot1 and Tpz1 form an ssDNA-binding subcomplex, and the two subcomplexes are bridged by Poz1, which acts as an effector molecule along with Ccq1.


RecQ family helicase-topoisomerase III complex

A complex containing a RecQ family helicase and a topoisomerase III homologue (a member of the topoisomerase type IA subfamily); may also include one or more additional proteins; conserved from E. coli to human.


interleukin-7 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-7 (IL-7) and that consists of, at a minimum, an interleukin, an alpha and a gamma chain as well as optional additional kinase subunits. The alpha chain binds IL-7 with high affinity and subsequently binds the cytokine receptor common gamma chain that forms part of multiple interleukin receptors.


eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex

The protein-ribosome-tRNA complex that has just recognized the start codon of a capped mRNA. It is composed of the small ribosomal subunit, eukaryote initiation factors (eIF) eIF3 complex, eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2-GDP, eIF4 complex and initiatior-methionine-tRNA. Recognition of the start codon triggers downstream steps in the pathway, including eIF1 dissociation; Pi release from eIF2; and conversion to the closed, scanning-arrested conformation of the PIC.


CARD8 inflammasome complex

An inflammasome complex that consists of CARD8 and CASP1.


XRCC2-RAD51D complex

A heterodimeric DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51D and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof; conserved from fission yeast to human but absent from budding yeast.


ubiquitin activating enzyme complex

A protein complex responsible for the catalysis of the reaction: E1 + ubiquitin + ATP--> E1-ubiquitin + AMP + PPi, where the E1-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond between the C-terminal glycine of Ub and a sulfhydryl side group of an E1 cysteine residue. This is the first step in a cascade of reactions in which ubiquitin is ultimately added to a protein substrate.


mature chylomicron

A chylomicron that contains apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2), a cofactor for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and has a mean diameter of 500 nm and density of 0.95g/ml. Mature chylomicron particles transport exogenous (dietary) lipids from the intestines to other body tissues, via the blood and lymph.


hyphal tip polarisome

Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal hypha.


Tea1 cell-end complex

A high molecular weight complex characterized in S. pombe containing the cell-end anchoring protein Tea1. This complex is transported to the cell ends by microtubules and is involved in bipolar growth and the maintennce of normal cell polarity.


A protein complex capable of catalysing the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->2)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in an oligo-mannose oligosaccharide.


pre-T cell receptor complex

A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.


protease inhibitor complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains a protease inhibitor and a protease; formation of the complex inhibits protease activity.


FMN reductase complex

A protein complex capable of FMN reductase activity. Reduces FMN to FMNH2 in a NAD(P)H-dependent manner. In E.coli, consists of a SsuE dimer.


xylanosome

A multifunctional supermolecular complex, containing several proteins with hemicellulase activity. Functions to hydrolyze hemicellulose.


inward rectifying potassium channel

A protein complex that comprises four pore-forming (Kir6.x) and four regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SURx) subunits and forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass. The opening and closing of the channel is regulated by ATP: binding of ATP to the Kir6.x subunit inhibits channel activity, whereas binding of Mg2+-complexed ATP or ADP to the SURx subunit stimulates channel activity.


Dxr protein complex

A protein complex that is involved in the MEP pathway of IPP biosynthesis. It catalyzes the NADP-dependent rearrangement and reduction of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP).


laminin-7 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin-1.


protein tyrosine phosphatase complex

A protein complex which is capable of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.


PKM2 pyruvate kinase complex

A protein complex capable of pyruvate kinase activity. PKM2 only exists as homotetramer when bound to beta-d-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate (CHEBI:28013).


Gemin6-Gemin7-unrip complex

A protein complex that contains Gemin6, Gemin7, and unrip (STRAP), and can bind to snRNAs; may play a role in snRNP assembly.


glutamate decarboxylase complex

A protein complex which is capable of glutamate decarboxylase activity.


Hedgehog signaling complex

A multiprotein complex that binds microtubules in a Hedgehog-dependent manner, and is required for signal transduction by members of the Hedgehog family of proteins. The core components of the complex are the serine/threonine protein kinase Fused, the kinesin motor protein Costal2 (Cos2), and a zinc finger transcription factor (Gli family members in humans, and Cubitus interruptus (Ci) in Drosophila).


XY body

A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.


AIM2 inflammasome complex

An inflammasome complex that consists of AIM2, ASC, and caspase-1. AIM2 is a member of the HN-200 protein family that appears to be the sensor of cytosolic double-stranded DNA.


PCSK9-LDLR complex

A protein complex consisting of the serine protease PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9) and a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Interaction typically occurs through the epidermal growth factor-like repeat A (EGF-A) domain of the LDLR, and complex formation promotes degradation of the LDLR through the endosome/lysosome pathway.


alpha7-beta1 integrin-nicotinamide riboside kinase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (also known as muscle integrin binding protein, MIBP).


NLRP1 inflammasome complex

An inflammasome complex that consists of two components, NLRP1 (NALP1) and caspase-1 or caspase-5. The exact mechanisms of NLRP1 activation remain obscure, but potassium ion efflux appears to be essential.


platelet SNARE complex

A SNARE complex that is capable of fusing intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane of platelets for exocytosis of alpha-granules or dense granules. Contains isoforms of VAMP, SNAP and syntaxin proteins. Ternary SNARE complexes interact in a circular array to form ring complexes or channels around the membrane fusion. A common composition in human is VAMP-8, SNAP-23 and syntaxin-2 or -4.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-b4, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


thiazole synthase complex

A protein complex which is capable of thiazole synthase activity.


nitrate reductase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of nitrate from nitrite with the concomitant reduction of an acceptor.


methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase complex

A protein complex which is capable of methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase activity.


CD19-Vav-PIK3R1 complex

A protein complex that contains the cell surface signaling molecule CD19, the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, and the regulatory subunit alpha of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).


Bfa1-Bub2 complex

A protein complex that acts as a two-component GTPase-activating protein for Tem1 GTPase, thus regulating a signal transduction cascade, called the mitotic exit network (MEN), which is required for mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Bub2/Bfa1 keeps Tem1 inactive until the spindle is properly oriented, thus inhibiting MEN activation.


CAF-1 complex

A conserved heterotrimeric protein complex that promotes histone H3 and H4 deposition onto newly synthesized DNA during replication or DNA repair; specifically facilitates replication-dependent nucleosome assembly with the major histone H3 (H3.1). In many species the CAF-1 subunits are designated p150, p60, and p48.


Complex that catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate from glucose-1-phosphate and ATP. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed of two types of subunits (small and large). In bacteria, the enzyme complex is composed of four identical subunits.


telomere-telomerase complex

A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that enables replication of the telomeric repeat sequences at the end of a linear chromosome.


ATAC complex

A chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and possibly H4. Shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of GCN5/PCAF-ADA2-ADA3-SGF29 (or orthologs) with the related SAGA complex (GO:0000124). Contains HAT subunits GCN5 or PCAF in a mutually exclusive manner. In addition to the HAT module contains DR1/NC2B, KAT14, MBIP, WDR5, YEATS2 and ZZZ3 or orthologs. Also regulates the activity of non-histone targets and orchestrates mitotic progression by regulating Cyclin A degradation through acetylation.


low-density lipoprotein particle

A lipoprotein particle, rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides that is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm. LDL particles are formed from VLDL particles (via IDL) by the loss of triglyceride and gain of cholesterol ester. They transport endogenous cholesterol (and to some extent triglycerides) from peripheral tissues back to the liver.


tenascin complex

A extracellular matrix complex involved in cell adhesion and cell migration. Typically homotrimeric or homohexameric. In mammals, four complexes exist: Tenascin-C, Tenascin-N (also known as Tenascin-W), Tenascin-X and Tenascin-R.


U12 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U12, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U12 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U12 snRNA both while the U12 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


Rvs161p-Rvs167p complex

A protein complex that is involved in endocytosis in the yeast S. cerevisiae.


oncostatin-M receptor complex

A heterodimeric receptor for the cytokine oncostatin-M (OSM). In humans the receptor complex is made up of the gene products gp130 and OSMR-beta.


RNA polymerase V transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase V.


protein C inhibitor-KLK3 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and prostate-specific antigen (KLK3); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of prostate-specific antigen.


molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis adenylyltransferase complex

A heterodimeric protein complex which adenylates two molecules of the sulfur carrier subunit of the molybdopterin (MPT) cofactor synthase using ATP as part of molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis. In E. coli the subunits are MoeB and MoaD; Moco biosynthesis and its constituent molecules are evolutionarily conserved.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-CD98 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD98.


tRNA (m1A) methyltransferase complex

A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Gcd10p and Gcd14p, while in bacteria and archaea it is a homotetramer.


A protein complex which is capable of glycerol-3-phosphate-transporting ATPase activity.


classical-complement-pathway C3/C5 convertase complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of complement components C3 and C5, and acts in the classical pathway of complement activation; consists of one monomer of C2a and one monomer of C4b; C2a is the catalytic subunit, but cannot catalyze cleavage alone.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-fibronectin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to fibronectin and tissue transglutaminase.


MOZ/MORF histone acetyltransferase complex

A histone acetyltransferase complex that has histone H3 acetyltransferase and coactivator activities. Subunits of the human complex include MYST3/MOZ, MYST4/MORF, ING5, EAF6 and one of BRPF1, BRD1/BRPF2 and BRPF3.


heterotrimeric G-protein complex

Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G protein-coupled receptors to an effector protein.


SCF-YDR131C ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is YDR131C in S. cerevisiae.


A protein complex which is capable of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.


IRE1-RACK1-PP2A complex

A protein complex consisting of IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme-1), RACK1 (Receptor of activated protein kinase C 1, GNB2L1) and PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A). RACK1 acts as an adaptor to bridge an interaction between IRE1 and PP2A.


A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), alpha-SNAP, NSF, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).


nuclear cap binding complex

A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export.


RNA polymerase III transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase III.


laminin-3 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


primary cell wall cellulose synthase complex

A large, multimeric protein complex which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant primary cell wall. In Arabidopsis, contains the essential component proteins CESA1 and -3, and a CESA6-related protein.


FANCM-MHF complex

A protein complex contains the proteins FANCM and MHF, or their orthologs, plays an essential role in DNA remodeling, protects replication forks, and is conserved in eukaryotes.


nuclear pore cytoplasmic filaments

Filamentous extensions on cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Nup159p, Nup82p, and Nup42p contribute to the cytoplasmic filaments. In vertebrates, Nup358 is a major component.


alphav-beta3 integrin-CD47 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to CD47 (also known as IAP).


endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex

A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is composed of chaperone proteins, including BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.


chylomicron remnant

A lipoprotein particle that is derived from a mature chylomicron particle by the removal of triglycerides from the chylomicron core by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of surface components. It characteristically contains apolipoprotein E (APOE) and is cleared from the blood by the liver.


plasma membrane succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)

The enzyme, located in the plasma membrane, that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.


TBK1-IKKE-DDX3 complex

A protein complex containing TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1), IKBKE (I-Kappa-B kinase epsilon/IKKE/IKK-epsilon) and the DEAD box family RNA helicase DDX3.


striated muscle myosin thick filament

Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils.


Fc-gamma receptor I complex

A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.


caveolar macromolecular signaling complex

A complex composed of proteins required for beta adrenergic receptor activation of protein kinase A. It includes the Cav 12. subunit of L-type calcium channel, protein kinase A regulatory subunit 2(PKAR2), adenyl cyclase, beta-adrenergic receptor, G-alpha-S, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and caveolin 3 (CAV3).


basal tubulobulbar complex

Actin-based structures involved in establishing the blood-testis barrier of the Sertoli cell.


ASTRA complex

A protein complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery; the acronym stands for ASsembly of Tel, Rvb and Atm-like kinase. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex includes Rvb1p, Rvb2p, Tra1p, Tel2p, Asa1p, Ttilp and Tti2p.


left caudal flagellum

A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the left caudal basal body, extending cytoplasmically and exiting at the posterior end of the cell body.


Myb complex

A multisubunit complex consisting of Myb and other proteins that regulates site specific DNA replication, gene amplification and transcriptional repression.


alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex

A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which are capable of catalyzing the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA and the subsequent synthesis of a smal stretch of DNA. The smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-LPP3 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3.


fatty acid synthase complex

A multienzyme complex that catalyses the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl CoA.


RES complex

A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p.


TORC2 complex

A protein complex that contains at least TOR (target of rapamycin) and Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of TOR), or orthologs of, in complex with other signaling components. Mediates the phosphorylation and activation of PKB (also called AKT). In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Avo1p, Avo2p, Tsc11p, Lst8p, Bit61p, Slm1p, Slm2p, and Tor2p.


Nem1-Spo7 phosphatase complex

A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that is involved in nuclear envelope organization, and contains proteins known in budding yeast as Nem1p and Spo7p.


plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV

A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


mannan polymerase II complex

A complex with alpha-(1->6)-mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins as part of the elongation of alpha 1,6-linked Man backbone. In S. cerevisiae, contains Mnn9p, Anp1p, Mnn10p, Mnn11p, and Hoc1p.


chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex

A lysosomal membrane protein complex that enables the translocation of a target protein across the lysosomal membrane as part of chaperone-mediated autophagy.


apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex

Protein complex that mediates editing of the mRNA encoding apolipoprotein B; catalyzes the deamination of C to U (residue 6666 in the human mRNA). Contains a catalytic subunit, APOBEC-1, and other proteins (e.g. human ASP; rat ASP and KSRP).


Snt2C complex

A histone deacetylase complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains Snt2p, Ecm5p and Rpd3p.


SIN/MEN signalling complex

A protein complex associated with the mitotic spindle pole body during interphase and mitosis and comprises of the proteins of the septation initiation signalling network (SIN) of fission yeast or mitotic exit network (MEN) of budding yeast, organized by two scaffold/adaptor proteins.


DnaB-DnaC complex

A protein complex containing homohexameric DNA helicase DnaB, and the DNA helicase loader DnaC. The helicase loader DnaC delivers DnaB to the chromosomal origin (oriC).


SHREC complex

A histone deacetylase complex that contains a core of four proteins -- Clr1, Clr2, Clr3, and Mit1 in fission yeast -- and localizes to all heterochromatic regions in the genome as well as some euchromatic sites. The complex is involved in regulating nucleosome positioning to assemble higher-order chromatin structures.


A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-12 receptor complex with an interleukin-12 heterodimer.


ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, transmembrane substrate-binding subunit-containing

A complex for the transport of metabolites into the cell, consisting of 4 subunits: a transmembrane substrate-binding protein (known as the S component), and an energy-coupling module that comprises two ATP-binding proteins (known as the A and A' components) and a transmembrane protein (known as the T component). Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.


A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-4 receptor complex with an interleukin-4 molecule.


lateral cortical node

A protein complex that is anchored at the cortical face of the plasma membrane, and contains proteins involved in regulating cell cycle progression. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, lateral cortical nodes are several megadaltons in size, and contain Slf1, which anchors the complex at the membrane, and the methyltransferase Skb1 in stoichiometric quantities, and may contain other proteins.


alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase complex (UDP-forming)

A protein complex that possesses alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) and trehalose-phosphatase activities, and thus catalyzes two reactions in trehalose biosynthesis. In the complex identified in Saccharomyces, Tps1p has alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity, Tps2p has trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase activity; Tps3p is a regulatory subunit, and an additional subunit, Tsl1p, may be present.


IgW immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgW isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgW immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-NOV complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the extracellular matrix protein NOV.


proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient. The resulting transmembrane electrochemical potential of H+ is used to drive a variety of (i) secondary active transport systems via H+-dependent symporters and antiporters and (ii) channel-mediated transport systems. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. V-type ATPases are found in the membranes of organelles such as vacuoles, endosomes, and lysosomes, and in the plasma membrane.


G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex

A protein complex that is capable of G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity.


TCR signalosome

A multi-protein complex containing at least the T-cell receptor complex and the LAT (linker for activation of T cells) scaffold protein. Also contains a variety of signaling proteins including co-receptors, kinases, phosphatases and adaptors such as CD8. Connects events on the plasma membrane to distal signaling cascades to ultimately modulate T cell biology.


nucleolar preribosome

Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed in the nucleolus during ribosome biogenesis.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).


collagen type XXIII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXIII) chains; type XXIII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.


7SK snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the 7SK snRNA. The 7SK snRNP plays a central role in RNA polymerase II elongation control by regulating the availability of active P-TEFb.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


alphaX-beta2 integrin-ICAM-4 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaX-beta2 integrin complex bound to intercellular adhesion molecule 4.


NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)

Complex that possesses NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.


meiotic cohesin complex

A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the mitotic cohesin complex.


SLAC complex

A protein complex that regulates Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation.


tRNA-intron endonuclease complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.


sheet-forming collagen trimer

A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers assemble into a sheet.


urease complex

A multiprotein nickel-containing complex that possesses urease activity (catalysis of the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide).


endoplasmic reticulum palmitoyltransferase complex

A complex of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes S-palmitoylation, the addition of palmitate (C16:0) or other long-chain fatty acids to proteins at a cysteine residue.


succinate-CoA ligase complex (ADP-forming)

A heterodimeric enzyme complex, composed of an alpha and beta chain, most usually found in (but not limited to) bacteria. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP.


amyloid-beta complex

Protein complex involved in modulation of signaling and synaptic function in the brain, predominantly in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Forms dimers and multimers of amyloid beta peptide 40 and peptide 42 (proteolytic cleavage products of amyloid beta A4 protein, also known as amyloid beta precursor protein). Mostly found in the extracellular space with a proportion occurring as membrane-bound species. Influences synaptic plasticity through various receptors, mediates dendritic spine loss leading to decreased synapse density, inhibits long-term potentiation (LTP) and enhances long-term depression (LTD). Soluble multimeric form is the main pathogenic species linked to Alzheimer's disease.


A protein complex which is capable of protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase activity.


DNA ligase IV complex

A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p.


TTT complex

A protein complex responsible for the stabilisation of protein levels of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinase (PIKK) family proteins. The TTT complex can also be found as part of the ASTRA complex (GO:0070209).


methylthiol:coenzyme M methyltransferase complex

A protein complex of two polypeptides which catalyzes the transfer of methyl group from methylthiol to coenzyme M during methanogenesis.


glucosidase II complex

A heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the trimming of glucose residues from N-linked core glycans on newly synthesized glycoproteins.


chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor CF(o)

All non-F1 subunits of the chloroplast hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins.


alphav-beta3 integrin-ADAM15 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM15.


translocon complex

A protein complex that constitutes a specific site of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, which involves the signal recognition particle receptor. The complex contains a core heterotrimer of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins.


peroxisomal importomer complex

A protein complex responsible for transporting proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. An example of this complex is Pex14 found in S. cerevisae which has 9 core components and 12 transient interaction partners.


IgA B cell receptor complex

An IgA immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.


PAS complex

A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase subunit (Fab1p in yeast; PIKfyve in mammals), a kinase activator, and a phosphatase, and may also contain additional proteins; it is involved in regulating the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate. In mammals the complex is composed of PIKFYVE, FIG4 and VAC14. In yeast it is composed of Atg18p, Fig4p, Fab1p, Vac14p and Vac7p.


TAP complex

A heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). Functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.


SUMO activating enzyme complex

A conserved heterodimeric complex with SUMO activating enzyme activity.


chylomicron

A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.


laminin-14 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.


inhibin-betaglycan-ActRII complex

A protein complex that consists of inhibin, type III transforming growth factor beta receptor (also known as betaglycan), and the type II activin receptor ActRII. The complex is thought to negatively regulate the activity of activin B.


APC-IQGAP1-CLIP-170 complex

A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Cdc42, and CLIP-170; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.


Cul4B-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits.


Kv4.2-KChIP3 channel complex

A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP3 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


transcription factor TFIIE complex

A transcription factor which in humans consists of a complex of two alpha and two beta chains. Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and helps activate both RNA polymerase II and TFIIH.


high-affinity iron permease complex

A protein complex composed of a multicopper ferroxidase that oxidizes Fe(II) to Fe(III), and a ferric iron permease that transports the produced Fe(III) into the cell. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


IscS-IscU complex

A heterotetrameric protein complex involved in the sulfur transfer during iron-sulfur cluster assembly and in the modification of tRNA wobble positions. In E. coli it consisting of a central IscS dimer with the IscU protomers attached to one of the IscS units each via a disulfide (-SSH) group.


SL snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains spliced leader (SL) RNA and associated proteins.


FHL2-CREB complex

A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL2, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.


FtsBL complex

A protein complex required for prokaryotic cell division (FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis). Part of the divisome. Assembled independently of the other divisome components in the cytoplasm prior to transport to the cell septum. In E. coli consists of FtsB and FtsL.


ripoptosome

A protein complex whose core components are the receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3 (also called RIP1 and RIP3). Formation of the ripoptosome can induce an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway or a necroptotic signaling pathway. The composition of this protein complex may depend on several factors including nature of the signal, cell type and more.


thioglucosidase complex

A large (200-800 kDa) multiprotein complex formed by 70-kDa and 5-kDa myrosinases, myrosinase- binding proteins (MBPs), MBP-related proteins and myrosinase-associated proteins. The complex has been identified in Brassica napus seeds.


type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex

A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of two subunits, Res and Mod, that functions as an endonuclease and cleaves DNA. Cleavage will only occur when there are two un-methylated copies of a specific recognition site in an inverse orientation on the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance away from one of the recognition sites. The Mod subunit can act alone as a methyltansferase. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.


interleukin-3 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-3 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5.


CD95 death-inducing signaling complex

A protein complex formed upon binding of Fas/CD95/APO-1 to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1, procaspase-8/10 and c-FLIP in addition to the ligand-bound receptor.


tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter complex

A complex consisting of two membrane proteins and one extracytoplasmic solute receptor. Such transporters transport a variety of substrates without direct ATP power, instead using energy from ion gradients.


ANPR-A receptor complex

A receptor complex composed of two ANPR-A molecules and expressed in the heart atrium in mammals; it plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure and salt-fluid volume homeostasis. Binding of the ligand AMP in response to atrial distension (high blood volume) leads to guanylate cyclase activity of the ANPR-A receptor complex, thereby elevating intracellular cGMP levels. The end result is a reduction in blood volume and, therefore, a reduction in cardiac output and systemic blood pressure.


3-isopropylmalate dehydratase complex

A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of subunits leuC and leuD. Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3-isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate.


BID-BCL-2 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BID and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


sperm individualization complex

A macromolecular complex that includes cytoskeletal components and part of the cell membrane. Forms at the nuclear end of a male germline syncytium, or cyst, and translocates the over the length of the syncytium in the course of sperm individualization. Each complex contains an array of 64 investment cones, one per nucleus, that move synchronously along the spermatogenic cyst.


membrane fusion priming complex

A protein complex that primes vacuolar or vesicular membranes for fusion with other intracellular membranes, by promoting the dissociation of cis-SNARE complexes.


calpain complex

A calcium-dependent protease complex that processes its substrate by limited proteolysis rather than degrading it. In some cases limited proteolysis is required for the activation of its substrate.


A multienzyme, heterooligomeric complex involved in dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. In yeast the complex is composed of Alg7p, which catalyzes the first step (GlcNAc1-PP-Dol from dolichol-phosphate and UDP-GlcNAc), and Alg13p plus Alg14p, the catalytic and anchoring subunits respectively, which together catalyze the second step (GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc) of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis.


Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex

A protein complex containing a secreted Wnt protein associated with its receptor, Frizzled (Fz), and co-receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) or LRP6.


sarcoglycan complex

A protein complex formed of four sarcoglycans plus sarcospan; there are six known sarcoglycans: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-sarcoglycan; all are N-glycosylated single-pass transmembrane proteins. The sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex is a subcomplex of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, and is fixed to the dystrophin axis by a lateral association with the dystroglycan complex.


serine-type endopeptidase complex

A protein complex which is capable of serine-type endopeptidase activity.


Cdc42 GTPase complex

A protein complex formed by the association of the small GTPase Cdc42 with additional proteins. In Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains the Cdc42, Ras1, Scd1, Scd2, andShk1 proteins, and functions in the Ras1-Scd GTPase signalling pathway.


interferon regulatory factor complex

A protein complex that consists of two interferon regulatory proteins (IRFs); may be homodimeric or heterodimeric. The activation of a latent closed conformation of IRF in the cytoplasm is triggered by phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues in a C-terminal region. Phosphorylation stimulates the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain to attain a highly extended conformation triggering dimerization through extensive contacts to a second subunit.


eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex

A protein complex composed of the 40S ribosomal subunit plus eIF1, eIF1A, eIF3, eIF5, and eIF2-GTP-bound methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA.


retromer, cargo-selective complex

The trimeric subcomplex of the retromer, believed to be closely associated with the membrane. This trimeric complex is responsible for recognizing and binding to cargo molecules. The complex comprises three Vps proteins in both yeast and mammalian cells: Vps35p, Vps29p, and Vps26p in yeast, and VPS35, VPS29 and VPS26A or VPS26B in mammals.


alpha3-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


THO complex part of transcription export complex

The THO complex when it is part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp1, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.


MIM complex

A large mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex that mediates transport of proteins into mitochondrial compartments. MIM constitutes the major integration site for alpha-helical embedded proteins. In yeast, consists oof Mim1 and Mim2.


tubulobulbar complex

Actin-based structures involved in establishing close contact between Sertoli-Sertoli cells or Sertoli-spermatids in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD63 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.


alpha5-beta1 integrin-LPP3 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3.


RISC complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNA or siRNA-complementary mRNAs, in addition to a number of accessory factors. The RISC complex is involved in posttranscriptional repression of gene expression through downregulation of translation or induction of mRNA degradation.


A protein complex which is capable of potassium:proton antiporter activity.


Cry-Per complex

Nuclear transcriptional repressor complex that is capable of negatively regulating CLOCK-BMAL-dependent transactivation of genes in a delayed negative feedback manner which generates circadian rhythms.


acyl-CoA ceramide synthase complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine. In S. cerevisiae it contains three subunits: lag1, lac1 and lip1.


VCB complex

A protein complex that possesses ubiquitin ligase activity; the complex is usually pentameric; for example, in mammals the subunits are pVHL, elongin B, elongin C, cullin-2 (Cul2), and Rbx1.


Mei2 nuclear dot complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that forms during meiotic prophase in a fixed position in the horsetail nucleus; contains Mei2 and meiRNA. May play a role in the progression of meiosis I.


pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, beta-subunit complex

Refers to the beta subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.


DnaB-DnaC-DnaT-PriA-PriB complex

A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins DnaT, PriA and PriB, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.


mitochondrial mRNA editing complex

An mRNA editing complex found in the mitochondrion. The best characterized example is that of Trypanosoma brucei, which catalyzes the insertion and deletion of uridylates.


RCAF complex

A protein complex that facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes on to newly synthesized DNA. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ASF1 and histones H3 and H4.


BAK complex

An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAK, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


collagen type XXVI trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVI) chains.


protein complex involved in cell adhesion

Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell adhesion to the cell matrix or to another cell.


PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIb subcomplex

A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 20 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum of 730 nm.


Rad51B-Rad51C complex

A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B and RAD51C, or orthologs thereof.


high molecular weight kininogen receptor complex

A protein complex that acts as a receptor for high molecular weight kininogens. In humans, this receptor includes the CK1 and uPAR proteins.


cobalamin transport complex

Protein complex facilitating ATP-dependent cobalamin (vitamin B12) transport through inner cell membrane (periplasm to cytoplasm) in Gram-negative bacteria. In E. coli the system is composed of a periplasmic cobalamin-binding protein (BtuF), an integral membrane homodimer, BtuC, and a cytoplasmic ATP-binding homodimer BtuD.


endopeptidase Clp complex

A protein complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits. Enzymatically active and inactive complexes can form.


respiratory chain complex III

A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.


nuclear RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

A complex required for RNAi mediated heterochromatin assembly. In S. pombe this contains RNA-directed RNA polymerase, a putative helicase and a protein containing a pap25 associated domain.


procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(II) type

A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type II isoform; its activity is inhibited by poly(L-proline) only at high concentrations.


pyroptosome complex

A protein complex that consists of an assemble of ASC dimers that is capable of inducing pyroptosis.


DNA recombinase complex

A protein-DNA complex consisting of a higher-order oligomer of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) on single-stranded DNA.


protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor V complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and coagulation factor V (F5); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of coagulation factor V.


SMN-Gemin2 complex

A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and Gemin2; may form the stable core of the larger SMN complex.


Fc-alpha receptor I complex

A protein complex composed of an Fc-alpha R alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgA.


GID complex

A protein complex with ubiquitin ligase activity that, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is involved in proteasomal degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase during the transition from gluconeogenic to glycolytic growth conditions. It appears to play a broader role in cellular homeostasis and development in other species.


gamma-secretase complex

A protein complex that has aspartic-type endopeptidase activity and contains a presenilin catalytic subunit (either PSEN1 or PSEN2), an APH1 subunit (multiple genes and splice variants exist), nicastrin (NCT), and presenilin enhancer (aka PEN-2 or Psenen), as the core complex. Variants of the complex with different subunit compositions differ in localization and specific substrates. Additionally, variants of the complex exist that contain a additional regulatory subunit as well as the four core subunits; known regulatory subunits include gamma-secretase-activating protein (aka gSAP), TMP1 (aka TMED10), and CD147 antigen (aka basigin). Gamma-secretase cleaves type I transmembrane protein substrates, including the cell surface receptor Notch and the amyloid-beta precursor protein.


sulfite reductase complex (NADPH)

A multisubunit iron flavoprotein, which in yeast is composed of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits. Catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide.


multimeric ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex that generally contains a single RNA molecule and several protein molecules. Examples of this complex are found in Archaeal species.


polycystin complex

A stable heterodimeric complex composed of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2.


box H/ACA scaRNP complex

A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the Cajal body of the nucleoplasm. In higher eukaryotes, box H/ACA RNP located in Cajal bodies mediate pseudouridylation of spliceosomal snRNAs.


thylakoid light-harvesting complex

A thylakoid membrane complex of chlorophylls a and b together with chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. In addition, LHCs contain a number of other proteins, the function of which is speculative, together with accessory pigments. The LHCs capture and transfer energy to photosystems I and II. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


NOXA-BCL-2 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of NOXA and BCL-2, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


transforming growth factor beta complex

A protein complex acting as ligand of the transforming growth factor beta receptor complex, typically a homodimer of any of the TFGbeta isoforms. The precursor of TGFbeta proteins is cleaved into mature TGFbeta and the latency-associated peptide (LAP), which remains non-covalently linked to mature TGFbeta rendering it inactive. TGFbeta is activated by dimerisation and dissociation of the LAP.


transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition complex

A protein complex that is capable of identifying lesions in DNA on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex as well as a small subset of lesions not recognized by the general nucleotide-excision repair pathway. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests that the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix. It subsequently recruits a nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex.


lysosomal HOPS complex

Any HOPS complex that is part of a lysosomal membrane.


translation repressor complex

A protein complex which is capable of translation repressor activity.


retrograde transporter complex, Golgi to ER

Transporter complex that recognises, binds and returns endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins that have trafficked to Golgi compartments. Targets proteins lacking the HDEL motif recognised by COPI-coated vesicles.


AIP1-IRE1 complex

A protein complex consisting of IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme-1) bound to AIP1 (ASK1-interacting protein 1/DAB2-interacting protein).


galectin lattice

A non-stoichiometric protein complex formed by several galectins crosslinking glycosylated ligands to form a dynamic lattice. The galectin lattice modulates receptor kinase signaling and the functionality of membrane receptors, by regulating the diffusion, compartmentalization and endocytosis of plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids.


interleukin-23 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-23 and that consists of, at a minimum, a dimeric interleukin and its two receptor subunits as well as optional additional kinase subunits.


urease activator complex

A protein complex required for the activation of urease. Activator subunits dissociate before urease has catalytic function.


collagen type XIX trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIX) chains; type XIX collagen triple helices localize to basement membrane zones in differentiating muscle cells.


right caudal flagellum

A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It is nucleated by the right caudal basal body, extending cytoplasmically and exiting at the posterior end of the cell body.


HCN channel complex

A cation ion channel with a preference for K+ over Na+ ions, which is activated by membrane hyperpolarization, and consists of a tetramer of HCN family members. Some members of this family (HCN1, HCN2 and HCN4) are also activated when cAMP binds to their cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD). Channel complexes of this family play an important role in the control of pacemaker activity in the heart.


single-stranded DNA-binding protein complex

A homotetrameric protein complex that is essential for DNA replication. It supercoils the single-stranded DNA preventing DNA duplexing before the polymerase holoenzyme passes and synthesizes the complementary strand. It is also involved in DNA recombination and repair.


mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex

A complex that includes the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase activities in two subunits (alpha and beta), catalyzing two steps of the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle within the mitochondrial matrix.


photoreceptor cell cilium

A specialised 9+0 non-motile cilium found in photoreceptor cells. A ciliary transition zone called 'photoreceptor connecting cilium' links the photoreceptor outer segment to the inner segment.


viral terminase complex

A complex of a large and small subunit which catalyze the packaging of DNA into viral heads. Note that not all viral terminases have this structure, some exist as single polypeptides.


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk

One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase complex

A protein complex that possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent DNA helicase activity.


Scrib-APC complex

A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant) and the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC); may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.


SCF-Hrt3/Pof7 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Hrt3 in S. cerevisiae (Pof7 in S. pombe).


beta-galactosidase complex

A protein complex that possesses beta-galactosidase activity, i.e. catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides. In E. coli, the complex is a homotetramer; dimeric and hexameric beta-galactosidase complexes have been observed in other species.