delphinidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic, water-soluble anthocyanin responsible for blue coloration of flowers and fruits.


mitotic metaphase chromosome recapture

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A mechanism to recapture 'lost' chromosomes (chromosomes which have become detached from the spindle) during metaphase of mitotic chromosome segregation. Chromosomes with unattached kinetochores are migrated along (non polar) spindle microtubules to the mitotic spindle pole body by a combination of microtubule depolymerisation and 'kinetochore sliding' (migration of the chromosome along the microtubule). The chromosome subsequently migrates along the polar spindle microtubule to the metaphase plate.


amino-acid racemase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid = a D-amino acid.


arabinose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinose, arabino-pentose. L-Arabinose occurs both free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, as a constituent of plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc. D-arabinose is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.


AGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGG codon.


JUN kinase kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinase kinases (JNKKKs).


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.


negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state.


spleen development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions.


dCMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.


phosphatidic acid binding

Binding to phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


positive regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ shedding, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


regulation of synaptic scaling

A process that modulates synaptic scaling. Synaptic scaling is a form of synaptic plasticity, which entails uniform adjustments in the strength of all synapses on a cell in response to prolonged changes in the electrical activity of the cell.


ergosterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds.


recognition of pollen

A cell recognition process in which pollen is recognized and either accepted or rejected by cells in the stigma.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in stem cell proliferation

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Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in stem cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate.


extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring tensile strength

A constituent of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to resist longitudinal stress.


beta-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + H+ + UDP.


bacterial-type flagellum organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->4) linkage of the terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


methylglyoxal reductase (NADH-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ = methylglyoxal + NADH + H+.


D-glutamate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamate, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamate, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid.


polysaccharide localization

Any process in which a polysaccharide is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate = phenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with a copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pectic acid from the non-reducing end, releasing digalacturonate.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.


regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


phloem or xylem histogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


deoxyribonucleoside binding

Binding to a deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked to deoxyribose.


dorsal spinal cord interneuron posterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in the posterior direction along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.


blood vessel remodeling

The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vitexin = H+ + UDP + vitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucoside.


metanephric cap specification

The process in which the metanephric cap acquires its identity.


regulation of exonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.


membrane docking

The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.


rhombomere 2 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 2 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


mitochondrial tRNA 3'-end processing

The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.


telomere maintenance via base-excision repair

A telomere maintenance process that occurs by base-excision repair of telomeric DNA in response to DNA damage. Telomeric sequences are particularly susceptible to oxidative DNA damage, due to their G-rich nature.


quinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinate, the anion of quinic acid. The acid occurs commonly in plants, either free or as esters, and is used as a medicine.


leg disc anterior/posterior lineage restriction

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments of the leg disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


limb granular cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an limb granular cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell and a Purkinje myocyte by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 2 a reduced ferredoxin + an oxidized thioredoxin = 2 an oxidized ferredoxin + a reduced thioredoxin, involving a 4Fe-4S cluster and an adjacent active-site disulfide.


absorption of UV light

The reception of a (UV light) photon by a cell, UV light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 13.6-400 nm.


positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside + malonyl-CoA + H+ <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-malonylglucoside + coenzyme A.


aliphatic aldoxime dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic aldoxime = an aliphatic nitrile + H2O.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: arabinose(out) + H+(out) = arabinose(in) + H+(in).


response to pyrethroid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrethroid stimulus. Pyrethroids are a group of growth regulators, analogous to insect juvenile hormones, that interfere with the development of insect larvae and are used in the control of insects that are harmful in the adult stage.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


chemokine receptor activity

Combining with a chemokine, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Chemokines are a family of small chemotactic cytokines; their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells. All chemokines possess a number of conserved cysteine residues involved in intramolecular disulfide bond formation. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. Chemokines are found in all vertebrates, some viruses and some bacteria.


maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


DNA rewinding

The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) are reformed to regenerate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ssDNA is often bound and stabilized by proteins such as replication protein A (RPA) to form ssDNA bubbles. The bubbles can be rewound by ATP-dependent motors to reform base pairs between strands and thus dsDNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = [acyl-carrier protein] + oleate.


negative regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.


spermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-aminopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.


structural constituent of postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton.


female analia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the female are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


vein smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the vein. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The vein is a vessel carrying blood away from the capillary beds.


chitin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium

Attaching of a chitin-containing cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol:NAD(P)+ 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P) = 5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one + carbon dioxide + NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the reaction N4-acetylcytidine +H2O = cytidine + acetate.


positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


rhombomere structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the rhombomere structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


3-methyleneoxindole reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyloxindole + NADP+ = 3-methyleneoxindole + H+ + NADPH.


neuronal dense core vesicle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuronal dense core vesicle.


nucleobase:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleobase(out) + cation(out) = nucleobase(in) + cation(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + a poly-cis-polyprenyl diphosphate longer by one C5 unit.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.


lipid hydroxylation

The covalent attachment of a hydroxyl group to one or more fatty acids in a lipid.


glutamate catabolic process to butyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including butyrate.


3-hydroxyaspartate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate = glycine + glyoxylate.


positive regulation of hyphopodium formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to simvastatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a simvastatin stimulus. Simvastatin is a statin used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.


positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange.


protein autosumoylation

The sumoylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.


polyacyltrehalose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.


prosthetic group biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of brassinosteroid.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.


negative regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.


phytoene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoene.


metanephric glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


dCTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.


negative regulation of amine catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


stomach body smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the body of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened in cerebellar granule cells that contributes to the regulation of proliferation of the cells.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


monoacylglycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


muscle cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined.


glycogen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.


tRNA end turnover

The process in which the 3'-terminal CCA of a tRNA is removed and restored. This often happens to uncharged tRNA.


beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


miltiradiene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving miltiradiene.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-D-glucose.


apoptotic process involved in development

Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development.


mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information between a mesenchymal cell and an endodermal cell.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (feruloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + ferulate + H+.


septum secundum development

The progression of the septum secundum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing.


high-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with a high-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the high-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.


suppression by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin production in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.


geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diol + NAD+ = NADH + H+ + 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone.


detection of high humidity

The series of events in which high humidity is detected and converted into a molecular signal.


ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor activity

Combining with ecdysis-triggering hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


ACU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACU codon.


haltere morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a haltere are generated and organized.


brexanolone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brexanolone.


lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


all-trans-retinol binding

Binding to all-trans-retinol.


glutathione binding

Binding to glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.


asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.


aliphatic nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CN + H2O = R-COOH + NH3.


S-alkylthiohydroximate lyase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of a S-alkylthiohydroximate to a thiohydroximate.


negative regulation of pro-B cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADPH + O2 = 6-oxohexanoate + H2O + NADP+.


atrioventricular valve development

The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


spermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 1,3-diaminopropane + 4-aminobutanal + H2O2.


lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate. This pathway of prokaryotic lysine biosynthesis via alpha-aminoadipate was discovered in the hyper-thermophilic Gram-negative eubacterium Thermus thermophilus. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This undergoes acetylation, to form N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate, and is then phosphorylated to give N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate. This is converted to N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate semialdehyde, which is then converted to N2-acetyl-L-lysine. A final deacetylation reaction produces L-lysine.


ommatidial rotation

The process in which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification.


The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own aspartate amino acid residues, or an aspartate residue on an identical protein.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal

Any process which decreases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


positive regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.


geranyl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranyl diphosphate, the universal precursor of the monoterpenes.


anther dehiscence

The dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.


9-fluorenone-3,4-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone.


aerobic sulfur oxidation

A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase, and requires the presence of oxygen.


sulochrin oxidase [(-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 sulochrin = 2 (2R)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H2O.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + phosphate(out) = Na+(in) + phosphate(in).


protein-tetrapyrrole linkage

The covalent linking of a tetrapyrrole to a protein.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and contributing to the shaping of a Malpighian tubule.


N-cyclopropylammelide alkylamino hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammelide + H2O = cyclopropylamine + cyanuric acid.


squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate.


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.


cellular detoxification

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


cellular response to retinoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.


box H/ACA RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small RNA transcript into a mature box H/ACA RNA.


negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT.


cerebellum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


proline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoylglycerol-3-phosphate + NADP+ = palmitoylglycerone phosphate + NADPH + H+.


The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal cysteine residue to form N-palmitoyl-L-cysteine.


fatty acid methyl ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid methyl ester.


glucocorticoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.


parietal peritoneum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a parietal peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


rRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an rRNA molecule.


protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxyproline

The glycosylation of proteins via 04 atom of hydroxyproline to form O4-glycosyl-L-hydroxyproline; the most common form is arabinofuranosyl-4-proline.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


imaginal disc lineage restriction

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between compartments in an imaginal disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


stalled ribosome sensor activity

A molecule that recognizes stalled ribosomes and initiates a signalling response.


intramolecular lyase activity

The catalysis of certain rearrangements of a molecule to break or form a ring.


positive regulation of homophilic cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + L-lysyl-[protein].


vanillin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propanoyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + vanillin.


cochlea development

The progression of the cochlea over time from its formation to the mature structure. The cochlea is the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear that is responsible for the detection of sound.


3,4-dihydroxybenzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


DN3 thymocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a DN3 thymocyte. A DN3 thymocyte is a CD4-,CD8- thymocyte that is also CD44+,CD25+.


polyadenylation-dependent snoRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA molecule linked to prior polyadenylation of the 3'-end of the precursor snoRNA.


dihydrofolic acid binding

Binding to dihydrofolic acid, a folic acid in which the bicyclic pteridine structure is in the dihydro, partially reduced form; they are intermediates in folate metabolism and are reduced to their tetrahydro, reduced forms.


dissimilatory sulfate reduction

The reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, which acts as a terminal electron acceptor. Sulfate is activated to adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) which is then reduced to sulfite, which is in turn reduced to hydrogen sulfide.


neural nucleus development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma.


verbascose galactinol:ajugose galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: verbascose + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol <=> ajugose + myo-inositol.


regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


exo-alpha-(2->8)-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.


response to biotin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.


negative regulation of mast cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.


behavioral response to wounding

A behavioral response resulting from wounding.


cytoplasmic translational termination

The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in the cytoplasm, usually in response to a termination codon.


cellular response to nocodazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nocodazole stimulus.


peripheral nervous system axon ensheathment

The process in which a Schwann cell membrane closes around an axon in the peripheral nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a fibroblast growth factor to its receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.


Catalysis of the reactions: a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + a 12'-apo-carotenal; 9-cis-violaxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al; and 9'-cis-neoxanthin + O2 = 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + (3S,5R,6R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al.


serine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + NADP+ = L-alpha-formylglycine + 2 H+ + NADPH.


peripheral B cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of mature B cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


acquisition of seed longevity

The acquisition of seed longevity is the ordered series of events during seed development, that prevent embryo deterioration and ROS damage and thus contribute to seed viability over time or in response to adverse environmental conditions. These events include protective (e.g. production of glassy cytoplasm ) and repair (e.g. oxidative stress responses) processes.


wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.


meristem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.


myosin filament organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.


cellular response to water deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water.


abietadiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = (-)-abietadiene + diphosphate.


tropinone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pseudotropine = H+ + NADPH + tropinone.


cuticle development involved in collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle

Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


regulation of inositol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inositol biosynthetic process.


envenomation resulting in blood agglutination in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with specific proteins binding to cell-surface carbohydrates and causing calcium-dependent agglutination of blood cells in the bitten organism.


Enables the directed movement of lysophospholipids from one side of a membrane to the other. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methoxy-5-hydroxytoluene + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3,5-dimethoxytoluene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


L-gulonolactone oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-xylo-hex-3-ulonolactone + H2O2.


interleukin-33 production

The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


hepatic stellate cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a hepatic stellate cell.


GARP complex binding

Binding to a GARP complex.


dTDP-mannose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = calcitriol + H2O + NADP+.


chronic inflammatory response

Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.


sensory processing

Any neural process required for an organism to sense and interpret the dimensions of a sensory experience: modality, location, intensity and affect.


cell differentiation involved in pronephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the pronephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


amphiregulin production

The appearance of amphiregulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely expressed transmembrane tyrosine kinase. AREG is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor protein that can engage in juxtacrine signaling on adjacent cells. Alternatively, after proteolytic processing by cell membrane proteases, mainly TACE/ADAM17, AREG is secreted and behaves as an autocrine or paracrine factor.


positive regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process by which one organism increases the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


modulation by symbiont of abscisic acid levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of abscisic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


foraging behavior

Behavior by which an organism locates food.


regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.


sepal giant cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sepal giant cell. A sepal giant cell is a pavement cell that is part of the sepal epidermis and stretches one fifth the length of the sepal with a chromosome content of 16C.


positive regulation of cell size

Any process that increases cell size.


ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter.


regulation of monoatomic anion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cellular response to leucine starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of leucine.


regulation of intestinal epithelial cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaroyl-CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside] = CoA + a flavonol 3-O-[6-(4-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside].


MAPK-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand and leading to the activation of a MAP kinase cascade.


positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


protein insertion into membrane raft

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a membrane raft. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


cellobiose binding

Binding to cellobiose, a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.


receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + gramine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


vestibulocochlear nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the vestibulocochlear nerve is generated and organized. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.


somatic diversification of immune receptors by N region addition

The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the immune receptor gene.


myelination of lateral line nerve axons

The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of a lateral line nerve.


gallate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid).


hydrolase activity, acting on acid halide bonds, in C-halide compounds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid halide bond in substances containing halogen atoms in organic linkage.


detection of pH by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors.


pharynx morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pharynx are generated and organized.


monoacylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


alpha-pinene lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene = limonene.


mammary gland branching involved in pregnancy

The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized as a part of pregnancy.


amyloid-beta formation

The generation of amyloid-beta by cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).


arginine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


movement in host

The process in which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-histidine methylation

The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine) or peptidyl-L-3'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-methylhistidine, pros-methylhistidine).


epithelial cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

The process in which a trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the placental labyrinthine layer.


principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of NK T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.


regulation of lymphangiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.


exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 3'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 3'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


negative regulation of asexual reproduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction.


NAD-cap decapping

Cleavage of the 5'-NAD-cap of an RNA. The NAD-cap is present at the 5'-end of some RNAs in both bacetria and eukaryotes. While it promotes RNA stability in bacteria, it promotes RNA decay in eukaryotes.


keratinocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte.


regulation of cell wall integrity MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAPK cascade involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.


extracellular ammonia-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular ammonia (NH3) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-histidine = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.


guanine salvage

Any process that generates guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


camalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.


positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.


dimethylmaleate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethylmalate = dimethylmaleate + H2O.


monocyte homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of monocytes such that the total number of monocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid.


regulation of necroptotic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


nicotinic acid riboside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.


positive regulation of egg-laying behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition.


GPCR sweet taste receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of sweet taste.


thiamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of thiamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


sulfur incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


histone H4K5 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


cellular response to non-ionic osmotic stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing uridine at position 54 + FADH + H+ = tetrahydrofolate + tRNA containing ribothymidine at position 54 + FAD+.


superoxide dismutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + hydrogen peroxide.


mesodermal cell fate commitment

The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the mesoderm.


alpha-zeacarotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-zeacarotene.


D-leucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-leucine.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to starvation.


response to benzene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzene stimulus.


dibenzothiophene desulfurization

The removal of the sulfur atom from dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.


trimethylarsine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylarsine oxide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = trimethylarsine + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: homocystine + 2 reduced glutathione = oxidized glutathione + 2 homocysteine.


reproduction of a single-celled organism

The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two single-celled organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + O2 = 5-amino-4-chloro-2-(2-hydroxymuconoyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one + 2 H+.


amino-acid betaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


polyterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.


regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.


determination of digestive tract left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of various parts of the digestive tract with respect to the left and right halves of the organism. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


establishment of Golgi localization

The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location.


grooming behavior

The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.


helper T cell extravasation

The migration of a helper T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A helper T-cell is an effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells.


induction of conjugation upon carbon starvation

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon carbon starvation.


metalloendopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Any metalloendopeptidase activity that is involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


pantothenate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantothenate = ADP + D-4'-phosphopantothenate.


positive regulation of response to salt stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.


histone H3K27me2/H3K27me3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri- or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 27 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


cellular response to bile acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.


box C/D snoRNP complex binding

Binding to a box C/D snoRNP complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = N-(beta-D-glucosyl)nicotinate + UDP.


DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.


negative regulation of AV node cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.


Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate = 3-sulfolactaldehyde + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + S-adenosylmethioninamine = N1-aminopropylagmatine + 5'-methylthioadenosine.


adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains

An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) incorporating leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Examples of this process are found in jawless fish, including the lampreys (Petromyzontidae) and hagfishes (Myxinidae).


thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.


GDP-D-glucose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-glucose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate + GDP.


2-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 2-phenanthrylsulfate.


formation of animal organ boundary

The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesol + ATP = 2-trans,-6-trans-farnesyl monophosphate + ADP + H+.


gibberellin A13,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A13 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A43 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-nucleosyl)tetraphosphate + H2O = NTP + NMP. Acts on bis(5'-guanosyl)-, bis(5'-xanthosyl)-, bis(5'-adenosyl)- and bis(5'-uridyl)-tetraphosphate.


protein localization to equatorial microtubule organizing center

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an equatorial microtubule organizing center.


ansamycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ansamycins, any of a group of complex macrolactam compounds characterized by a cyclic structure in which an aliphatic ansa chain forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of a cyclic p-system; many exhibit antibacterial, antifungal or antitumor activity.


tetracyclic triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.


AP-3 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-3 adaptor complex. The AP-3 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes. In at least humans, the AP-3 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (beta3A and beta3B, mu3A and mu3B, and sigma3A and sigma3B).


negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.


N-substituted formamide deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzylformamide + H2O = formate + benzylamine.


ubiquinone binding

Binding to ubiquinone, a quinone derivative with a tail of isoprene units.


epi-isozizaene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-epi-isozizaene + diphosphate.


protein farnesyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: farnesyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-farnesyl protein + diphosphate.


response to salt stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


positive regulation of neuron migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.


presynaptic signal transduction

Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a presynapse.


outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an outer hair cell.


protein localization to somatodendritic compartment

A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within the somatodendritic compartment.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of umami taste

The series of events required for a umami taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.


regulation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.


glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycerol = AH(2) + glycerone.


regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


R-lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (R)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


hydroxyectoine binding

Binding to hydroxyectoine.


innate immune response-inhibiting signal transduction

The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an innate immune response.


negative regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.


sucrose-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-fructose 6-phosphate = UDP + sucrose 6-phosphate.


emericellin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellin.


negative regulation of pigment cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation.


CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

The series of molecular signals in which calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity enabled by a CAMKK directly activates an AMPK. The cascade begins with calmodulin binding calcium which in turn binds CAMKK enabling its calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity. The cascade ends with AMP-activated protein kinase activity.


dolichyldiphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + H2O = dolichyl phosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


diterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


beta-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gs alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


negative regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


5-methylcytosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


oxidative demethylation

The process of removing one or more methyl groups from a molecule, involving the oxidation (i.e. electron loss) of one or more atoms in the substrate.


hydrogen dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + H2 = NADPH + H+.


TTP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.


dentate nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


amidophosphoribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + L-glutamate + diphosphate = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + L-glutamine + H2O.


negative regulation of neuronal signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.


rhombomere 4 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


luciferin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the generalized reaction: luciferin + O2 = oxidized luciferin + CO2 + light. There may be additional substrates and reactants involved in the reaction. The reaction results in light emission as luciferin returns to the ground state after enzymatic oxidation.


positive regulation of embryonic pattern specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic pattern specification.


left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of left cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


regulation of muscle filament sliding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.


tRNA-specific adenosine-37 deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + H2O + NADP+.


atrazine N-dealkylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atrazine + O2 + 2 H+ = deethylatrazine + acetaldehyde + H2O.


regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.


ground tissue pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the ground tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = citrazinate + reduced acceptor.


catechol catabolic process, meta-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between a hydroxylated carbon atom and an adjacent unsubstituted carbon atom.


epinephrine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


negative regulation by symbiont of salicylic acid levels in host

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


D-serine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


myoblast fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


cell proliferation involved in kidney development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the kidney.


response to fluoride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus.


all-trans-phytoene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> all-trans-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.


U5 snRNA binding

Binding to a U5 small nuclear RNA (U5 snRNA).


establishment of bipolar cell polarity involved in cell morphogenesis

The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that contribute to cell morphogenesis. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


copper chelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a copper chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. A copper chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.


negative regulation of T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.


detection of sucrose stimulus

The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


intracellular mRNA localization involved in pattern specification process

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within an oocyte that results in a pattern being established in the embryo.


regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.


cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanin betaine + H2O <=> cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + beta-D-glucose.


nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: mugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H+ = L-xylulose + CO2.


negative regulation of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


cerebral cortex neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron residing in the cerebral cortex.


glutamate-putrescine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + putrescine = gamma-L-glutamylputrescine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


biotin carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein + CO2 = ADP + phosphate + carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein.


L-glutamate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + O2 + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.


gastrulation with mouth forming first

A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the mouth and the anus forms second.


posterior semicircular canal development

The progession of the posterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: microsomal-membrane protein + diphosphate = diphosphate + O-phospho-microsomal-membrane protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-methylnaphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.


hyaluronic acid binding

Binding to hyaluronic acid, a polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine.


peptidyl-histidine modification

The modification of peptidyl-histidine.


macrophage fusion

The binding and fusion of a macrophage to one or more other cells to form a multinucleated cell.


glucuronan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl end + (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronan. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-beta-D-glucuronans to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. Complete degradation of glucuronans results in the formation of tetrasaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylaniline + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + isopropylamine.


endosulfan hemisulfate sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hemisulfate + H2O = endosulfan monoalcohol + 2 H+ + sulfate.


nitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.


positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.


regulation of bile acid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue.


fumitremorgin B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the indole alkaloid fumitremorgin B.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methyloct-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA.


xanthophyll cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.


maintenance of neuroblast polarity

The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.


ATP-dependent protein-DNA unloader activity

Facilitating the removal of a protein or protein complex from a DNA molecule driven by ATP hydrolysis. This can be achieved for example by introducing non-canonical DNA structures or generating torque to directly inhibit a protein-DNA binding interaction.


positive regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.


glucosinolate biosynthetic process from phenylalanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including phenylalanine.


redox taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to redox potential.


photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I

After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


regulation of epidermis development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.


DNA synthesis involved in mitochondrial DNA replication

Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication.


quinone binding

Binding to a quinone, any member of a class of diketones derivable from aromatic compounds by conversion of two CH groups into CO groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds.


initiation of movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The initial stages of cell motility involved in the glial-mediated movement of cells in the developing cerebral cortex.


positive regulation of uracil import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uracil import across plasma membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with Golgi cis cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi cis cisterna. Such vesicles include COPII-coated transport vesicles involved in anterograde transport.


cysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


mercury ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of mercury (Hg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


alpha-pinene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + pinocarveol.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxy-5-methyl-5'-cytidylate + ATP = 5-methyldeoxycytidine diphosphate + ADP + H+.


brexanolone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which living organisms transform brexanolone.


nicotinamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, the amide of nicotinic acid. It is a member of the B complex of vitamins and occurs widely in living organisms.


positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.


nitrile metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitriles, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom. The nitriles are named with reference to the acids produced by their decomposition; for example, hydrocyanic acid is formic nitrile, and methyl cyanide is acetic nitrile.


flavonoid binding

Binding to a flavonoid, a compound containing two or more aromatic rings, each bearing at least one aromatic hydroxyl and connected with a carbon bridge.


microglial cell proliferation

The expansion of a microglial cell population by cell division.


selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Binding to a selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS), a regulatory sequence within mRNA which directs incorporation of a selenocysteine at a stop codon (UGA) during translation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol = 2,4,4-trimethylpentanal + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


type I hypersensitivity mediated by basophils

An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


negative regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + O2 + NADH(2-) + H+ <=> 4alpha-formyl-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(1-) + 2 H2O.


suppression by symbiont of host inflammatory response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


geranylgeranyl reductase activity

Catalysis of the formation of phytyl group from the stepwise reduction of a geranylgeranyl group.


DNA/RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex, i.e. a double helix in which a strand of DNA pairs with a complementary strand of RNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


L-leucine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-leucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-leucine is 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


tight junction assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction. A tight junction seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


A lipid oxidation process proceeding through a series of three successive monooxygenations of the alpha methyl group on the C4 carbon (CH3 to CH2OH to CHO to COOH) and resulting in this overall reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-alpha-carboxy, 4-beta-methyl-9beta,19-cyclopropylsterol + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.


negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism.


lipid ubiquitination

The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a lipid.


embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.


ncRNA transcription associated with protein coding gene TSS/TES

The transcription of non-coding RNA associated with transcriptional start and end sites of protein coding genes. This occurs at some low level for many protein coding genes.


DNA primase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of a short RNA primer on a DNA template, providing a free 3'-OH that can be extended by DNA-directed DNA polymerases.


response to red or far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


(R)-2-hydroxy-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxystearate + NAD+ = 2-oxostearate + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of vasculature development involved in avascular cornea development in camera-type eye

Any negative regulation of vasculature development that is involved in developing an avascular cornea of a camera-type eye.


caudate nucleus development

The progression of the caudate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The caudate nucleus is the C-shaped structures of the striatum containing input neurons involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitine + octanoyl-CoA = (S)-octanoylcarnitine + CoA.


mitochondrial protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mitochondrial protein. This process is necessary to maintain the healthy state of mitochondria and is thought to occur via the induction of an intramitochondrial lysosome-like organelle that acts to eliminate the damaged oxidised mitochondrial proteins without destroying the mitochondrial structure.


oxygen-dependent protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 O2 + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 H2O2 + protoporphyrin IX.


glutamic-type endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.


peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide

The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-threonine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide (3-methyl-L-lanthionine sulfoxide), as found in the antibiotic actagardine.


Catalysis of the reaction: desacetoxyvindoline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = desacetylvindoline + succinate + CO2.


light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion

The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.


anoikis

Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.


catalytic activity, acting on a tRNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a tRNA.


peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (alpha, beta or gamma) in the nuclear membrane, and ending with the initiation or termination of the transcription of target genes.


membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the cardiac muscle cell plasma membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + H+.


O-glycan processing, core 1

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-beta-(1->3)-GalNAc.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine + Skp1-protein-hydroxyproline = UDP + Skp1-protein-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)hydroxyproline.


modulation of penetration peg formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide = tetrahydrofolate + 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-formamido-4-imidazolecarboxamide.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis by non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that decreased the extent of cell adhesion that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


CGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGA codon.


aerobic lactate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) in the presence of oxygen.


nitrate reductase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferrocytochrome + nitrate = ferricytochrome + nitrite.


memory T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a memory T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


cellular response to calcium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.


Malpighian tubule principal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule principal cell. A Malpighian tubule principal cell is an epithelial secretory cell that transports cations into the lumen of the tubule.


hepatocyte homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hepatocytes within a population of cells. Hepatocytes are specialized epithelial cells of the liver that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.


chondroitin sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin sulfate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


detection of cell density

The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to dinitrophenol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dinitrophenol stimulus.


negative regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


oligosaccharide transporting porin activity

Enables the transfer of oligosaccharide, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


amino acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-valine + ATP = H+ + indole-3-acetyl-valine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


amidinotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reversible transfer of an amidino group to an acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + (R)-citramalate = succinate + (R)-citramalyl-CoA.


endodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: quinolin-2-ol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,5,6-trihydroxy-5,6-dihydroquinoline + NAD+.


asparagine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


otic vesicle formation

The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (non-phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NADP+ = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + 2 H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: hexose + phosphoramidate = hexose 1-phosphate + NH3.


DNA amplification

The process in which the number of copies of a gene is increased in certain cells as extra copies of DNA are made in response to certain signals of cell development or of stress from the environment.


D-xylose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


sulfur compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a sulfur compound from one side of a membrane to the other.


U1 snRNP binding

Binding to a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.