positive regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.


3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxy-fatty acyl-CoA = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + dolichyl phosphate = GDP + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate.


negative regulation of acinar cell proliferation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acinar cell proliferation.


K antigen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.


regulation of respiratory burst

Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-oxopentanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


musculoskeletal movement, spinal reflex action

Involuntary movement caused by the application of a stimulus to an organism and a subsequent movement. The signal processing of this movement takes place in the spinal cord.


ATPase-coupled monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).


S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding

Binding to S-adenosyl-L-methionine.


neurohypophysis development

The progression of the neurohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


avenasterol-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: avenasterol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 5-dehydroavenasterol + 2 H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-methylbutyronitrile + NADPH + O2 <=> H2O + NADP + 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyronitrile.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-D-(1->2)-(4-O-methyl)glucuronosyl links in the main chain of hardwood xylans.


cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.


caprolactam metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. It can cause local irritation.


membrane tubulation

A membrane organization process resulting in the formation of a tubular projection. This may face inwardly (as in tubular membrane invaginations) or outwardly (as in endosomal tubules).


adenylylselenate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenylylselenate => ADP + 3'-phosphoadenylylselenate.


The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + betanidin <=> H+ + betanin + UDP.


tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings.


reuteran metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.


trimethylamine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + H2O + electron-transferring flavoprotein = dimethylamine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein.


regulation of natural killer cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.


ABC-type doxorubicin transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + doxorubicin(in) = ADP + phosphate + doxorubicin(out).


negative regulation of cholesterol efflux

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


macrophomate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-pyrone + oxalacetate = macrophomate.


ethanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.


juxtaglomerular apparatus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure that lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function.


primary leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the primary leaflet attains its shape. A primary leaflet is a leaflet that develops directly from the rachis.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonatoacetaldehyde + H2O + NAD <=> sulfonatoacetate + NADH + 2 H+.


UDPsulfoquinovose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfite + UDP-D-glucose = H2O + UDP-6-sulfoquinovose.


bile-salt sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + taurolithocholate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + taurolithocholate sulfate.


ecdysteroid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids ubiquitous in insects and other arthropods, in which they initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.


proteasome complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a proteasome complex into its constituent components.


ketosteroid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + progesterone = H2O + NADP+ + testosterone acetate.


cellular response to type III interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + hexadecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


positive regulation of phialide development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.


farnesyl diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of farnesyl diphosphate.


response to folic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.


response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulus. The binding of any one of three melanocyte-stimulating hormones causes dispersal of melanosomes in melanophores of poikilothermic vertebrates.


histone glutamine methylation

The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to an glutamine residue.


UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other. N-acetylglucosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


guanosine tetraphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.


trans-synaptic signaling by soluble gas

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a soluble gas ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


chanoclavine-I aldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chanoclavine-I aldehyde.


cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.


cardiac neural crest cell delamination

The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a cardiac neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.


lipoteichoic acid binding

Binding to lipoteichoic acid.


behavioral response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


myeloid leukocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage.


cellular response to staurosporine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose + a [protein]-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline <=> a protein-O-(beta-L-arabinofuranose)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + UDP + H+.


modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation, in a different organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-beta-D-heptose-1-phosphate + ATP = ADP-D-glycero-D-manno-heptose.


peptide cross-linking via 2'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-histidine

The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a 2'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-histidine protein cross-link.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to an expansion of the population of cardiac muscle cells.


phosphotransferase activity, paired acceptors

Catalysis of the transfer of two phosphate groups from a donor, such as ATP, to two different acceptors.


uterus morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the uterus are generated and organized.


tau-protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tau-protein = ADP + O-phospho-tau-protein.


conjugant formation

During conjugation without cellular fusion, the process that results in pairing complementary mating types. Localized morphological, cytological, and cytoskeletal changes connect the mating types without cytoplasmic mixing.


phosphagen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.


actin rod assembly

The assembly of actin rods, a cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules.


cell junction maintenance

The organization process that preserves a cell junction in a stable functional or structural state. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


Catalysis of the reaction: N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin + H2 = N5,N10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin.


plant-type cell wall modification involved in multidimensional cell growth

The series of events that occur during cell growth that result in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls of the type composed chiefly of cellulose and pectin. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


glucosamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.


2-oxoadipate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyadipate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + H+ + NADH.


medulla oblongata maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the medulla oblongata to attain its fully functional state. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


negative regulation of neutrophil aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil aggregation.


positive regulation of flower development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


cellular response to molecule of oomycetes origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.


immune response to tumor cell

An immune system process that functions in the response of an organism to a tumor cell.


diaphragm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the diaphragm are generated and organized.


acute-phase response

An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.


alcohol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in neural crest cell differentiation.


cinnamic acid ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds initially by omega-hydroxylation.


positive regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


conidium formation

The process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


citrulline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.


tyrosine catabolic process to fumarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including fumarate.


fumonisin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumonisin.


trachea cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tracheal cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


regulation of cholesterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


deep nuclear neuron precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to deep nuclear neurons.


negative regulation of protein refolding

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein refolding. Protein refolding is the process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


regulation of maltohexaose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.


luteolin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.


mammillary axonal complex development

The progression of the mammillary axonal complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillary axonal complex is formed by the axons from the lateral, medial mammillary and the dorsal premammillary nuclei which share a branching pattern. Every neuron gives off one axonal stem that bifurcates into 2 branches. One of the branches is directed dorsally to the thalamus and another caudally to the midbrain.


regulation of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system.


asparaginase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine + H2O = L-aspartate + NH3.


biotin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dethiobiotin + S(2-) = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + biotin + H+.


positive regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier.


steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


cellular response to chlorate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.


homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + homogentisate + H+ <=> diphosphoric acid + 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranyl-1,4-benzoquinol + carbon dioxide.


response to hydroxyisoflavone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.


fucosylation

The covalent attachment of a fucosyl group to an acceptor molecule.


styrene-oxide isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: styrene oxide = phenylacetaldehyde.


regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.


regulation of T cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptotic process.


snRNA stem-loop binding

Binding to a stem-loop in a small nuclear RNA (snRNA). An RNA stem-loop is a secondary RNA structure consisting of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) stem and a terminal loop.


olfactory bulb tufted cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an olfactory bulb tufted cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


bacterial-type flagellum assembly

The assembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.


membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

The process in which AV node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


mitochondrion inheritance

The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton.


4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding

Binding to a 4 iron, 4 sulfur (4Fe-4S) cluster; this cluster consists of four iron atoms, with the inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.


acireductone dioxygenase (Ni2+-requiring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylthio)propanoate + CO + formate.


intralumenal vesicle formation

The invagination of the endosome membrane and resulting formation of a vesicle within the lumen of the endosome.


dibenzofuran metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzofuran is a white crystalline solid created from the production of coal tar and used as an insecticide and an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus by nuclear egress

The directed movement of an assembled viral particle out of the host cell nucleus by budding and fusion through the nuclear membranes. In this process, enveloped viral particles are formed by budding through the inner nuclear membrane. These perinuclear enveloped particles then fuse with the outer nuclear membrane to deliver a naked capsid into the host cytoplasm.


15-oxoprostaglandin 13-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z)-(15S)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprostanoate + NAD(P)+ -> (5Z)-(15S)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprosta-13-enoate + NAD(P)H + H+.


inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.


glutamate decarboxylation to succinate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes.


positive regulation of lactation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.


glomerular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular epithelial cell. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-2-(indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


DNA-dependent protein kinase activity

DNA dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


positive regulation of membrane permeability

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.


metanephric proximal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


insulin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin.


macrophage migration

The orderly movement of a macrophage from one site to another.


regulation of platelet formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxypyridine + O2 + H+ + NADPH = pyridine-3,4-diol + H2O + NADP+.


(S)-cheilanthifoline synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-cheilanthifoline + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain alcohol = 1-alkyl-glycerone 3-phosphate + a long-chain acid anion.


cytoplasmic U snRNP body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic U snRNP body.


cellular response to type I interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


intermediate mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


xylulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


P-type divalent copper transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cu2+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Cu2+(out).


7-deoxyloganetic acid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-deoxyloganetate <=> H+ + 7-deoxyloganate + UDP.


double membrane vesicle viral factory assembly

A process that results in the assembly of a cytoplasmic viral factory consisting of a double-membrane bound vesicle.


protein desumoylation

The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.


pyoverdine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyoverdine.


cellular response to actin cytoskeletal stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of perturbations or damage to the actin cytoskeleton.


hydroxylamine reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + NAD+ + H2O = hydroxylamine + NADH + H+.


succinyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinyl-CoA, a compound composed of the monovalent acyl group 3-carboxypropanoyl, derived from succinic acid by loss of one OH group, linked to coenzyme A.


S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the sulfur atom of an acceptor molecule.


L-galactonolactone oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + O2 = L-ascorbate + H2O2 + H+.


negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration

The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction.


bile acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.


toxin export channel activity

Enables the energy independent passage of toxins, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane towards the outside of the cell. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


single-celled organism vegetative growth phase

A phase of population growth during which single celled organisms reproduce by budding, fission, or other asexual methods.


spore-bearing structure development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore-bearing structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A spore-bearing structure is an anatomical structure that produces new spores.


type 2 immune response

An immune response which is associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths and pathological conditions such as allergy, which is orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines, most notably IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, by any of a variety of cell types including T-helper 2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and nuocytes, resulting in enhanced production of certain antibody isotypes and other effects.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.


response to L-cysteine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-cysteine stimulus.


maintenance of DNA trinucleotide repeats

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA trinucleotide repeats. DNA trinucleotide repeats are naturally occurring runs of three base-pairs.


saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-lysine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H+ + NADPH.


4-AD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-(1'-hydroxynaphth-2'-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate + H2O = pyruvate + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde.


protein localization to non-motile cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.


protein tetramerization

The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


cellular response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


intermediate mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an intermediate mesoderm cell.


violaceol I metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol I.


squalene cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = triterpene.


positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


FAD biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FAD, the oxidized form of flavin-adenine dinucleotide.


negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


calcitonin family receptor activity

Combining with any member of the calcitonin family (e.g. adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin), amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-1-guanidino-3-amino-1,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inositol + pyruvate = 1D-1-guanidino-1-deoxy-3-dehydro-scyllo-inositol + L-alanine.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH + succinyl-CoA.


oxygen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diatomic oxygen (O2).


octanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl (CH3-[CH2]6-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


regulation of response to acetate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate.


riboflavin binding

Binding to riboflavin.


serine-type peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H+ + NADH + O2 = 1-acyl-2-[(S)-12-hydroxyoleoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O + NAD+.


alpha-D-xyloside xylohydrolase

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-xylose residues with release of alpha-D-xylose.


polyamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.


cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion.


generation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step

Conformational rearrangement of the spliceosomal complex containing the RNA products from the 1st step of splicing to form the catalytic site for the second step of splicing.


dinucleotide phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dinucleotide + H2O = 2 mononucleotides.


violaceol II metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving violaceol II.


protein localization to chloroplast

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a chloroplast.


translation reinitiation

A gene-specific translational control mechanism where the small ribosomal subunit remains attached to the mRNA following termination of translation, then resumes scanning on the same mRNA molecule and initiates again at a downstream start site. Reinitiation depends on de novo recruitment of the ternary complex that is required to recognize the next AUG codon.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host inflammasome-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or stops an  inflammasome-mediated signal transduction pathway in the host organism by  interfering with its normal execution. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


formimidoylaspartate deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-aspartate + H2O = N-formyl-L-aspartate + NH3.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


negative regulation of cholesterol storage

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


dopaminergic neuron differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.


negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


mature follicle stage

The stage in oogenesis when the antrum is swollen with follicular fluid. The ovum is ready to erupt from the ovary and is arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division.


amylopectin maltohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n H2O + an exposed unphosphorylated, unbranched malto-oligosaccharide tail on amylopectin <=> amylopectin + maltose.


suppression of host cell cycle progression

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or stops progression through the host cell cycle.


RNA polymerase II core complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II core complex.


negative regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.


leukotriene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of omega-hydroxyceramide/acylceramide.


6'-deoxychalcone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ = 4 CoA + isoliquiritigenin + 3 CO2 + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of NMDA receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity.


rRNA (pseudouridine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a pseudouridine residue in an rRNA molecule.


rescue of stalled ribosome

A process of translational elongation that takes place when a ribosome has stalled during translation, and results in freeing the ribosome from the stalled translation complex.


glucose catabolic process to butyrate

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of acetic acid, butyric acid, carbon dioxide (CO2), and dihydrogen; effected by some saccharolytic species of Clostridium, e.g. C. butyricum.


protein K11-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K11-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = 2-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H+ + UDP.


PR-toxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of PR-toxin, a bicyclic sesquiterpene belonging to the eremophilane class and acting as a mycotoxin.


glutamate N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + L-glutamate = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + L-ornithine.


aminobenzoate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4(or 2)-aminobenzoate = aniline + CO2.


positive regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of cardiac cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification.


bacteriochlorophyll c binding

Binding to bacteriochlorophyll c, a chlorophyll of photosynthetic bacteria, for example green sulfur bacteria.


homocitrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + H+ + homocitrate.


prenylcysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


ubiquinone-6 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.


quercetin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quercetin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + choline = O-sinapoylcholine + D-glucose.


1-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 1-phenanthrylsulfate.


tryptophan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; tryptophan is synthesized from chorismate via anthranilate.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.


ammelide aminohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ammelide + H2O = cyanuric acid + NH3.


histone H2B ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H2B substrate.


cellotriose binding

Binding to cellotriose.


fat cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate + diphosphate.


commitment of neuronal cell to specific neuron type in forebrain

The commitment of neuronal precursor cells to become specialized types of neurons in the forebrain.


estrus

The estrous cycle phase in which a female is sexually receptive.


nitric oxide binding

Binding to nitric oxide (NO).


photosynthesis, dark reaction

A complex cycle of enzyme-mediated reactions which catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugar. As well as carbon dioxide the cycle requires reducing power in the form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The reduced NADP (NADPH) and ATP are produced by the 'light' reactions.


indolin-2-one monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indolin-2-one + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hercynylcysteine sulfoxide.


cell-to-cell migration in host

The directional movement of a symbiont from one host cell to another.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of an AV node cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


thrombocyte activation

A cell activation process that occurs in thrombocytes and consists of a series of progressive, overlapping events including shape change, adhesiveness, and aggregation, which, when carried through to completion, lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. Thrombocytes are nucleated cells found in non-mammalian vertebrates and are involved in hemostasis. They are the functional equivalent of the non-nucleated platelets found in mammals.


N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine

The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine.


behavioral response to pain

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.


protein localization to actomyosin contractile ring

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the actomyosin contractile ring.


cuneatus tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the cuneatus tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the upper trunk and upper limb.


Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + a monosaccharide 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-monosaccharide.


response to trehalose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.


tricarboxylic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


disruption of host cell glycocalyx during viral entry

The disruption of host cell glycocalyx by viral proteins during virus entry.


regulation of glucagon secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.


nylon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.


cis-zeatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


beta-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


positive regulation of retina development in camera-type eye

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.


structural constituent of presynaptic actin cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


ethanol oxidation

An ethanol metabolic process in which ethanol is converted to acetyl-CoA via acetaldehyde and acetate.


ITP binding

Binding to ITP.


hypoblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hypoblast is a tissue formed from the inner cell mass that lies beneath the epiblast.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenazine-1-carboxylate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


centrolateral axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the centrolateral axis. In plants, this axis is duplicated and runs from the midrib to the margin of the leaf.


positive T cell selection

The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.


meiotic telophase I

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


peptide cross-linking via glycine oxazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


central B cell positive selection

Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the bone marrow. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


methane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP + NH4 = 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.


intestinal epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


fructose 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + A = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + AH(2).


regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


regulation of glomerular filtration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


trimming of first mannose on A branch

The removal of the first alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the A-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


negative regulation of satellite cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation.


pantothenate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


Catalysis of the reaction: steviolmonoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rubusoside + UDP + H+.


arsenate ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an arsenate ion from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptidyl-threonine autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own threonine amino acid residues, or a threonine residue on an identical protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the exohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan.


lipid A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of four to six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. Further modifications of the backbone are common.


peptidyl-cysteine oxidation

The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid or peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid.


posterior lateral line neuromast cupula development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.


histone H3K4 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to a virus.


(+)-pulegone reductase, (-)-menthone as substrate, activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.


delta24(24-1) sterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ergosterol + NADP+ = ergosta-5,7,22,24(24(1))-tetraen-3beta-ol + H+ + NADPH.


small intestinal transit

Migration of ingested material along the length of the small intestine.


regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial scaffolds. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


telomeric loop formation

The process in which linear telomeric DNA is remodeled into duplex loops, by the invasion of a 3' single-stranded overhang into the duplex region.


high-affinity oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


negative regulation of iridophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


sulfonate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = sulfite + aminoacetaldehyde + succinate + CO2.


positive regulation of negative chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


mesonephric collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid + H2O = L-2-amino acid + NH3 + CO2. The N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid is a 2-ureido carboxylate.


histone H4K20 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 20) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 20). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in hemopoiesis

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to hemopoiesis.


negative regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.


phage shock

A response by bacterial cells to a variety of stresses including filamentous phage infection, mislocalization of envelope proteins, extremes of temperature, osmolarity or ethanol concentration, and the presence of proton ionophores such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), that involves expression of the phage shock protein operon, and acts to protect the bacterial cells from damage.


positive regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate N-glycosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H2O = deoxyribose 5-monophosphate + a purine or pyrimidine base.


imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


conidiophore development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.


1-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 1-naphthoic acid + NADH + H+.


cellular response to copper ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of copper ions.


positive regulation of glutamatergic neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic neuron differentiation.


response to inactivity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inactivity stimulus.


DNA methylation on cytosine within a CG sequence

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of a cytosine located within a CG sequence in a DNA molecule.


dorsal aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


ITP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ITP + H2O = IMP + H+ + diphosphate.


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, dGTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + dGTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + dGDP.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


arachidonic acid 8,9-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


glucuronoxylan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid side units.


myoblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


2-aminoadipate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2-aminoadipate = 2-oxoadipate + L-glutamate.


negative regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.


metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the metanephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.


regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or location of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope.


succinyl-CoA binding

Binding to succinyl-CoA, an omega-carboxyacyl-CoA having succinoyl as the S-acyl component.


negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


formamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.


pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

The reorganization or renovation of existing pulmonary blood vessels.


regulation of DNA stability

Any process that modulates the stability of DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 3-alpha-hydroxy-5-beta-androstane-17-one = NADH + H+ + 5-beta-androstane-3,17-dione.


negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H+ + isochorismate = 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate + CO2.


protein-glutathione oxidoreductase (glutathione) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionylated protein (PSSG) + glutathione (GSH) = protein-thiol (PSH) + glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The reaction may proceed via a 'monothiol' or 'dithiol' mechanism.


styrene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: styrene + NADPH + FADH + O2 = NADP+ + FAD+ + H2O + styrene oxide.


thermotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.


cytochrome P450 4A1-heme linkage

The covalent linkage of heme to cytochrome P450 4A1 via hydroxyheme-L-glutamyl ester.


amylopectin binding

Binding to amylopectin.


licheninase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in beta-D-glucans containing (1->3) and (1->4) bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XSO3- = 1-pyrenylsulfate + HX.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-methionine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-methionine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + ubiquinone = fumarate + ubiquinol.


neural plate elongation

The process in which the neural plate is shaped by the intrinsic movement of the epidermal and neural plate regions.


positive regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.


regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.


3-cyanoalanine hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine = 3-cyano-L-alanine + H2O + H+.


cystine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-cysteine + NAD+ = L-cystine + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


negative regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.


exo-alpha-(2->6)-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(2->6)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in substrates.


response to isolation stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lack of contact with other members of the same species.


jasmonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative with the formula (1R-(1 alpha, 2 beta(Z)))-3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid.


lamellipodium morphogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a lamellipodium is organized.


4-hydroxyproline epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline.


cellular response to interleukin-1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthaldehyde + O2 + H2O = H+ + 1-naphthoate + hydrogen peroxide.


linear primary-alkylsulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a primary linear alkyl sulfate ester + H2O =>a primary alcohol + H(+) + sulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + 2,6-dibromophenol.


regulation of membrane repolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential, usually from positive to negative.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + diphosphate = glycerol 1-phosphate + H+ + phosphate.


negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.


response to astaxanthin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an astaxanthin stimulus.


melatonin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


detection of dietary excess

The neurological process in which the brain senses excessive caloric intake.


cellular response to lipid hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


3-monobromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-monobromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = bisphenol A + HBr.


perturbation by virus of G2/M transition of host mitotic cell cycle

A process in which a virus interferes with the progression of the host mitotic cell cycle from G2 phase to M phase, leading to arrest in G2 phase.


transmembrane-ephrin receptor activity

Combining with a transmembrane ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.


RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with guanosine as nucleophile

Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile.


D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-ribulose forming (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-ribulose + NADPH + H+.


skeletal muscle thin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


chenodeoxycholic acid binding

Binding to chenodeoxycholic acid.


positive regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel remodeling.


NADP-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NADP-malic enzyme.


ribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.


regulation of response to red or far red light

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to red or far red light.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


foraging behavior by probing substrate

Foraging behavior in which an anatomical part of the organism is inserted into the substrate to locate food.


oocyte maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.


negative regulation of anterior head development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


CDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.


wobble position guanine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of guanosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 3-hydroxy-L-proline

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 3-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase.


(1->4)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction.


detection of osmotic stimulus

The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.


neuroblast fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


fetal process involved in parturition

A reproductive process occurring in the embryo that results in birth.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.


cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 = 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


phagosome reneutralization

Any process that increases the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, as part of the process of phagosome maturation.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding

The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.


3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid + coenzyme A = AMP + diphosphate + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoyl-CoA + H+. 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid is also known as OPC-8:0.


viral release via disruption of host outer membrane

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell via the destabilization of the cell outer membrane.


ribonuclease III activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA with 5'-phosphomonoesters and 3'-OH termini; makes two staggered cuts in both strands of dsRNA, leaving a 3' overhang of 2 nt.


conversion of methionyl-tRNA to N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of methionine charged on a tRNA(fMet) to N-formyl-methionine-tRNA(fMet).


peptidyl-cysteine S-acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-acetyl-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + [dinitrogen reductase] = nicotinamide + ADP-D-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase].


induction by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

The activation by an organism of a flux of calcium ions that occurs as part of the defense response of a host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


DNA ADP-ribosylation

The covalent attachment of an ADP-ribosyl group to a residue in double-stranded DNA.


umbilical cord morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the umbilical cord are generated and organized. The umbilical cord is an organ or embryonic origin consisting of the 2 umbilical arteries and the one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord connects the cardiovascular system of the fetus to the mother via the placenta.


specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior symmetry

The establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.


negative regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.


avascular cornea development in camera-type eye

The progression of an avascular cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Corneal avascularity (the absence of blood vessels in the cornea) is required for optical clarity and optimal vision. Avascular corneas are present in most animals, except Manatees.


slug development involved in sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the slug over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Slug development begins when the aggregate rises upwards to form a finger-shaped structure and ends when culmination begins. Slug development begins after aggregation and ends before culmination in sorocarp development.


positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


transforming growth factor beta2 activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta2) from its latent state.


glycerol ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.


N-acylhexosamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O + O2 = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + H2O2 + H+.


glycolytic process via Entner-Doudoroff Pathway

A glycolytic process in which the glucose is catabolized to pyruvate by first entering the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to yield pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is subsequently converted to pyruvate by the core glycolytic enzymes.


positive regulation of heart contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.


Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->3) linkage.


noradrenergic neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation

Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell.


CD40 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cell surface receptor CD40 to one of its physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of carbohydrate utilization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of carbohydrate utilization.


disruption by symbiont of host chloroplast thylakoid

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell chloroplast thylakoid. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: zinc(out) + HCO3-(out) + HO3Se-(out) = zinc(in) + HCO3-(in) + HO3Se-(out).


regulation of myelination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


sodium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions within an organism or cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N,N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


engulfment of target by autophagosome

The membrane invagination process by which an autophagosomal membrane surrounds an object that will be degraded by macroautophagy.


cellular response to sodium dodecyl sulfate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus.


blue light photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 400-470nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by local renal renin-angiotensin

The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the kidney modulate the force with which blood passes through the renal circulatory system. The process begins when renin cleaves angiotensinogen.


protein K6-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K6-linked ubiquitination is involved in DNA repair.


meiotic prophase I

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis I and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


phosphoarginine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.


regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in synaptic transmission. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector funtion such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.


response to acetaldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetaldehyde stimulus.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


saturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving saturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and fully saturated C-C bonds.


orcinol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + orcinol = 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene + H2O + NAD+.


positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-ketoglutarate(out) + H+(out) = alpha-ketoglutarate(in) + H+(in).


1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase activity

Catatlysis of the reaction: calcitriol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = 1alpha,23S,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


foramen ovale closure

The morphogenetic process in which the foramen ovale closes after birth, to prevent blood flow between the right and left atria. In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. Closure of the foramen ovale after birth stops this blood flow.


terpene synthase activity

Catalysis of the formation of cyclic terpenes through the cyclization of linear terpenes (e.g. isopentenyl-PP, geranyl-PP, farnesyl-PP and geranylgeranyl-PP) containing varying numbers of isoprene units.


positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.


UDP-glucosamine 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucosamine = UDP-galactosamine.


renal phosphate excretion

The elimination of phosphate ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


modulation by symbiont of host cellular process

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.


protein C-linked glycosylation via tryptophan

The glycosylation of a carbon atom of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylhomocysteine; the L-enantiomer is formed from S-adenosylmethionine and is a strong inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-mediated methylation reactions. It can be cleaved to form adenosine and homocysteine.


interleukin-19 production

The appearance of interleukin-19 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


metanephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to a necroptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + zeatin = O-beta-D-xylosylzeatin + H+ + UDP.


thymidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thymidine = ADP + thymidine 5'-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA = adenine + methionine + epoxyqueuosine-tRNA. 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA is also known as preQ1-tRNA, and epoxyqueuosine-tRNA as oQ-tRNA.


beta-alanyl amine synthase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of beta-alanyl amine conjugate from a precursor biogenic amine, such as dopamine or histamine.


regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


regulation of granuloma formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine

The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


ribose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ribofuranose = D-ribulose.


imaginal disc eversion

The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis.


regulation of alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans.


MCM complex binding

Binding to an MCM complex.


cap1 mRNA methylation

Methylation of the ribose of the first nucleotide of a 5'-capped mRNA.


cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus.


hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 4 porphobilinogen = hydroxymethylbilane + 4 NH4.


sterol 5-alpha reductase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a C-5 double bond in the B ring of a sterol.


amidine-lyase activity

Catalysis of the release of amides or amidines by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amide or amidine as a substrate.


axial mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


uridine-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylylation element binding

Binding to a U-rich sequence in the 3'-end of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs; required for cytoplasmic polyadenylylation.


hepatic duct development

The progression of the hepatic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the common bile duct.


UV-damage excision repair

A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).


1,4-dichlorobenzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring.


protein localization to lateral cortical node

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lateral cortical node.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate + H+ = CO2 + bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane. Bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate is also known as DDA; bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane is also known as DDM.


response to doxorubicin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a doxorubicin stimulus.


mitochondrial DNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA.


protein uridylylation

The addition of phospho-uridine to a protein amino acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trimethylenediamine.


ADP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


aspartate family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-5NA)-L-serine.


protein insertion into membrane from inner side

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a lipid bilayer, e.g., the prokaryotic, mitochondrial, or chloroplast inner membrane, from the inner side.


cellular response to glucose starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


response to low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.


sno(s)RNA 3'-end cleavage

The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = naphthalene-1,2-diol + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.


negative regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.


maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a mitochondrion, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine

The process in which the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


leaf phyllotactic patterning

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of leaf primordia around the center of a shoot apical meristem.


regulation of purine nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phenol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.


dense core granule maturation

Steps required to transform a dense core granule generated at the trans-Golgi network into a fully formed and transmissible dense core granule. Dense core granule maturation proceeds through clathrin-mediated membrane remodeling events and is essential for efficient processing of cargo within dense core granules as well as for removing factors that might otherwise interfere with dense core granule trafficking and exocytosis.


mesonephric cell migration involved in male gonad development

The orderly movement of a cell from the mesonephros to the male gonad, contributing to its development.


branched-chain amino acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: branched-chain amino acid(out) + cation(out) = branched-chain amino acid(in) + cation(in).


nipple morphogenesis

The process in which the nipple is generated and organized.


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, via the intermediate cystine.


ethanol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.


axon choice point recognition

The recognition of molecules at a choice point by an axon growth cone; at a choice point the growth cone determines the direction of its future growth.


serotonin receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting a signal across a membrane by activating some effector activity. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a receptor on the host cell surface.


phenylacetaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenylethanol + NADP = phenylacetaldehyde + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-hept-trans-2-ene-1,7-dioate = pyruvate + succinic semialdehyde.


detection of unfolded protein

The series of events in which an unfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


histone H4 deacetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.


(22S)-22-hydroxy-5alpha-campestan-3-one C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone + NADP + H2O.


cordyol C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cordyol C.


histone H4K20 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


nephron epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.


complement receptor activity

Combining with any component or product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway.


response to muscle inactivity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus.


icosanoid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of icosanoids from one side of a membrane to the other.


urethanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + H+ + urethane = CO2 + ethanol + NH4.


intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a calcium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


motor learning

Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.


ubiquinone-6 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone-6.


cell volume homeostasis

Any process involved in maintaining the steady state of a cell's volume. The cell's volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by a cell.