positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


propionate CoA-transferase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + propanoate = acetate + propanoyl-CoA.


protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.


ether catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ether.


vesicle scission

The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of a vesicle, leading to separation from its parent membrane. Vesicle scission involves the constriction of a neck-forming protein complex, consisting e.g. of dynamin, around the budded membrane, leading to vesicle closure during its separation from the parent membrane.


nonadec-1-ene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nonadec-1-ene.


negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-4-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-1-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.


positive regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.


cellular response to interleukin-15

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.


creatinine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.


molybdenum incorporation via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).


copper ion sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of copper(I) (Cu+).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O2 = cis,cis-2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H+.


rubredoxin-NAD(P)+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.


cell-cell signaling involved in metanephros development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


host response to induction by symbiont of tumor, nodule or growth in host

Any process that results in a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the formation of an abnormal mass of cells in the host organism, induced by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


neural fold elevation formation

The process in which the lateral borders of the neural plate begin to migrate upwards to form the neural folds, caused by the proliferation of the underlying mesoderm.


regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis

Any process that modulates the process in which a cell wall is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.


TRAF-mediated signal transduction

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The intracellular process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell via a tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF). TRAFs are directly or indirectly recruited to the intracellular domains of cell surface receptors, and engage other signaling proteins to transfer the signal from a cell surface receptor to other intracellular signaling components.


positive regulation of regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization.


positive regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.


protein kinase D signaling

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase D, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


pseurotin A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pseurotin A.


negative regulation of small intestinal transit

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any small intestinal transit process, the migration of ingested material along the length of the small intestine.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-rhamnose + NADPH = UDP-rhamnose + NADP+.


Catalysis of the transfer of sialyl residues alpha-2,3-linked to a beta galactosyl residue on the donor to form an alpha-2,3 linkage to a terminal beta galactosyl residue on the acceptor.


negative regulation of acrosome reaction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acrosome reaction.


oligoribonucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligoribonucleotides to yield ribonucleoside 5'-phosphates.


regulation of memory T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell activation.


geraniol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geraniol.


DNA methylation on cytosine

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.


dethiobiotin binding

Binding to dethiobiotin.


neural crest cell differentiation involved in parathyroid gland development

Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in parathyroid gland development.


inositol hexakisphosphate binding

Binding to inositol hexakisphosphate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alanine(out) + Na+(out) = alanine(in) + Na+(in).


envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


o-pyrocatechuate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ = catechol + CO2.


regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


fungal-type cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal-type cell walls, including those of ascospores.


haltere disc development

Progression of the haltere imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.


glial cell projection elongation involved in axon ensheathment

The extension of a glial cell process or projection to wrap around an axon.


detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid

Cell-cell signaling in either direction across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.


negative regulation of mitotic cytokinetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinetic process.


mitochondrion DNA recombination

Any DNA recombination that takes place in mitochondrion.


positive regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.


(S)-scoulerine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (S)-scoulerine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6aR,11aR)-3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan + H2O + NADP+. (6aS,11aS)-3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan is also known as (-)-glycinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + testosterone = 16beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


COPII receptor activity

Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a COPII transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles.


hypochlorite binding

Binding to hypochlorite.


poly(U) RNA binding

Binding to a sequence of uracil residues in an RNA molecule.


response to ziprasidone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ziprasidone stimulus. Ziprasidone is a piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.


positive regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.


high-affinity IgG receptor activity

Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


peptidyl-arginine methylation

The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N-benzyladenine <=> H+ + benzyladenine-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


regulation of sporangium germination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination.


lateral line nerve glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a lateral line glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = salicylate + NADH + H+.


tyramine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyramine.


peptide pheromone maturation

The generation of a mature, active peptide pheromone via processes unique to its processing and modification. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


cardiolipin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.


negative regulation of pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of any pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction.


deoxyribose phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.


pyocyanin hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylate + NADH + O2 + 2 H+ = pyocyanin + NAD + carbon dioxide + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine + H2O + H+ = benzyl alcohol + CO2 + glycine.


farnesyltranstransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing a single residue of 2'-O-methyladenosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + charged-fMet-tRNAs = L-methionylaminoacyl-tRNA + formate.


VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to an alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


embryonic forelimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.


advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Combining with advanced glycation end-products and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) form from a series of chemical reactions after an initial glycation event (a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and free amino groups of proteins).


iodide peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iodide + H2O2 = iodine + 2 H2O.


tRNA dimethylallyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + tRNA = diphosphate + tRNA containing 6-dimethylallyladenosine.


interleukin-21 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-21 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-fucose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose).


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate.


indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-ethanol + NAD+ = (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H+ + NADH.


regulation of execution phase of apoptosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.


regulation of cholesterol storage

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


luteinizing hormone signaling pathway involved in ovarian follicle development

The series of molecular signals initiated by luteinizing hormone binding to a receptor, where the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that contribute to progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


fosfomycin 2-glutathione ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen (2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid + glutathione = hydrogen (1R,2R)-1-glutathio-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid.


regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.


indoleacetic acid ester conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an a sugar or polyol through an ester bond.


alpha-pinene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature. It is a major component in tea-tree oils, and gives off a piney smelling odor.


dimethylallylcistransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + neryl diphosphate.


activation of plasma proteins involved in acute inflammatory response

Any process activating plasma proteins by proteolysis as part of an acute inflammatory response.


skeletal muscle satellite cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a skeletal muscle satellite cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


guanidinoacetate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanidinoacetate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphoguanidinoacetate.


calcium-induced calcium release activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any calcium-induced calcium release activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


cellular response to prostaglandin I stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.


dolichol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.


endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart chamber septation

A transition where an endocardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the heart septum.


peptidyl-lysine palmitoylation

The palmitoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-palmitoyl-L-lysine.


dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups.


all-trans-neoxanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving all-trans-neoxanthin.


cellular response to chondroitin 4'-sulfate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 4'-sulfate stimulus.


behavioral response to ethanol

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus.


regulation of cuticle pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


pro-T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming a pro-T cell.


hypothalamus cell differentiation

The differentiation of cells that will contribute to the structure and function of the hypothalamus.


regulation of glucomannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.


AV node cell-bundle of His cell adhesion involved in cell communication

The attachment of an AV node cell to an bundle of His cell via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.


5-fluorocytosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + flucytosine + H2O <=> 5-fluorouracil + ammonium.


protein localization to P-body

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a P-body.


localization of cell

Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.


epistomal sclerite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the epistomal sclerite are generated and organized.


positive regulation of renal amino acid absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of renal amino acid absorption.


Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,10E,12S,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate.


dCDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.


post-embryonic camera-type eye development

The process occurring during the post-embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


purine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Purine nucleotide-sugars are purine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


CoA-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 CoA + NADP+ = CoA-disulfide + NADPH + H+.


rhombomere 6 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a protein.


actin filament bundle convergence

A process of actin filament bundle distribution that results in the compaction of actin filaments.


vasopressin receptor activity

Combining with vasopressin to initiate a change in cell activity.


cellular response to isoquinoline alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.


regulation of glucocorticoid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.


negative regulation of protein folding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.


blastocyst formation

The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula.


negative regulation of osteoclast development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.


inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate. The isomeric configuration of diphospho-1D-myo-inositol-pentakisphosphate (PP-IP5) is unknown.


galactitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a galactitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathway

The process in which a molecular signal is transduced between the chloroplast and nucleus, such that expression of nuclear encoding photosynthetic proteins is coupled with chloroplast biogenesis.


negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.


cellulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


structural constituent of myelin sheath

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the myelin sheath of a nerve.


negative regulation of response to alcohol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.


uracilylalanine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O3-acetyl-L-serine + uracil = 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate.


positive regulation of adaptive immune effector response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.


negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


cellular detoxification of cadmium ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium cations in a cell. These include transport of cadmium cations away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y and the acceptor is oxygen.


GABA-A receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.


gerfelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gerfelin.


cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 + 4 H+ = 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP-glucose = 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP + H+.


D-allose-importing ATPase activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-allose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-allose(in).


establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization to postsynapse

The directed movement of endoplasmic reticulum into a postsynaptic compartment such as a dendritic spine.


ecgonine methyl ester catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonine methyl ester.


'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by lipid

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a lipid ligand.


peptide amidation

The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions.


positive regulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the indole acetic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


biofilm matrix assembly

A process that results in the assembly of a biofilm matrix.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation.


cADPR-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


regulation of defense response to virus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the antiviral response of a cell or organism.


The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine

The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


methylarsonate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + H+ + methylarsonate = glutathione disulfide + H2O + methylarsonous acid.


multi-species biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of different species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


cellular response to raffinose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a raffinose stimulus.


cellular response to L-ascorbic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.


plastid translation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a plastid. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the plastid has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.


thiamine binding

Binding to thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


endothelial cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


tyrosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


hard palate development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes.


peptide hormone processing

The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.


dextrin alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dextrin + H2O = alpha-D-glucose.


interleukin-27 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-27 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


maternal process involved in parturition

A reproductive process occurring in the mother that results in birth.


2-octaprenylphenol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenylphenol + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol + NADP+ + H2O.


brevianamide F biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brevianamide F. Brevianamide F is the biosynthetic precursor of a large family of biologically active prenylated tryptophan-proline 2,5-diketopiperazines that are produced by some fungi.


cell wall macromolecule metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


pyruvate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


response to manganese ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.


tRNA 4-demethylwyosine alpha-amino-alpha-carboxypropyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 4-demethylwyosine37 in tRNAPhe <=> 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+ + 7-[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]-4-demethylwyosine37 in tRNAPhe.


regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.


response to DDT

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a DDT stimulus. DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide moderately toxic to humans and other animals.


hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of hematopoietic stem cells within a population of cells.


negative regulation of male mating behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.


protein localization to spindle pole body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the spindle pole body.


positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.


cytosolic ribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the large and small ribosomal subunits into a functional cytosolic ribosome. Distinct stages of this process take place first in the nucleolus, then in the nucleus and finally in the cytosol.


regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


D-lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


stem cell factor receptor activity

Combining with stem cell factor (SCF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate. Stem cell factor is a cytokine that stimulates mast cell growth and differentiation.


negative regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + O2 = 3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-carboxy-3-oxopropenyl)-1H-2-pyridon.


cellular response to boron-containing substance levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of boron-containing substances.


compound eye development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The compound eye is an organ of sight that contains multiple repeating units, often arranged hexagonally. Each unit has its own lens and photoreceptor cell(s) and can generate either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye.


positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.


regulation of endocannabinoid signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocannabinoid signaling pathway.


lung smooth muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


axonemal basal plate assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal basal plate.


glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucuronoarabinoxylan.


otolith tethering

The attachment of a developing otolith to the kinocilia of tether cells in the inner ear.


regulation of egg-laying behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium.


oncostatin-M-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by oncostatin-M (OSM) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. OSM can signal via at least two different receptors (a specific receptor and a LIF receptor) to activate different downstream signal transduction pathways.


anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + an anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + H+ + an anthocyanidin 3-O-sophoroside.


ethanolamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine + H2O + O2 = glycolaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2.


regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.


Spemann organizer formation at the anterior end of the primitive streak

Formation of the specialized region at the anterior end of the primitive streak of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the body plan.


4-nitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene.


response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine

The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


histone H2AQ104 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-glutamine (position 104) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N5-methyl-glutamine (position 104). Note that this corresponds to  Q105 in yeast.


6-methylsalicylic acid synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + 3 H+ + 3 malonyl-CoA + NADPH = 6-methylsalicylate + 3 CO2 + 4 CoA + H2O + NADP+.


oogonium development

The process that leads to the development of an oogonium, a female gametangium of Oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.


response to 4'-epidoxorubicin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4'-epidoxorubicin stimulus.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-glucosyl-(1,3)-mannosyl unit from Glc-Man(9)-(GlcNAc)(2) oligosaccharide component of the glycoprotein produced in the Golgi membrane.


phytosteroid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytosteroids, steroids that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.


cohesin loader activity

Facilitating a conformational change to load a cohesin complex around sister chromatids.


bicoid mRNA localization

Any process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to and maintained within the oocyte as part of the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


endoplasmic reticulum-organelle membrane tether activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two membranes, either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a membrane protein, to establish or maintain membrane contact sites and mediate organelle exchange and communication.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-nonaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-nonaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + benzoyl-CoA = N-benzoylanthranilate + CoA.


cranial skeletal system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial skeletal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial skeletal system is the skeletal subdivision of the head, and includes the skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.


cadmium ion sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of cadmium (Cd++).


peptide cross-linking via L-lysinoalanine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-serine to form a (2Xi,9S)-L-lysinoalanine cross-link.


regulation of establishment of cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity.


positive regulation of G1 to G0 transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx.


emindole-SB NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (14,15-epoxidizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: emindole-SB + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 14,15-epoxyemindole-SB + NADP + H2O.


fibronectin fibril organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a fibronectin fibril.


tricaffeoyl spermidine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a tricaffeoyl spermidine molecule.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain bacterial cell-wall glycopeptides.


cytochrome P450 dependent beta-amyrin 16beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-amyrin + O2 + H+ + NADPH = 16beta-hydroxy-beta-amyrin + H2O + NADP.


SA node cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in a sinoatrial node cardiac muscle cell.


nitrate assimilation

The nitrogen metabolic process that encompasses the uptake of nitrate from the environment and reduction to ammonia, and results in the incorporation of nitrogen derived from nitrate into cellular substances.


ACG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACG codon.


serine-based site-specific recombinase activity

Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences; occurs through a phosphoseryl intermediate in which the target sequence is first cleaved by the nucleophilic attack by a serine in the active site.


maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded

Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of pentasaccharide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.


seed trichome maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a seed trichome to attain its fully functional state.


cellular response to cGMP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


positive regulation of neural crest formation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.


establishment of cell polarity involved in growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

The cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization that results in the directional division of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte.


succinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinate, also known as butanedioate or ethane dicarboxylate, the dianion of succinic acid. Succinate is an important intermediate in metabolism and a component of the TCA cycle.


positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.


establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere

The directed movement of a protein-containing macromolecular complex to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


pre-tubular aggregate formation

The cell adhesion process in which mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.


regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.


proximal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: pantothenate(out) + Na+(out) = pantothenate(in) + Na+(in).


medulla oblongata development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


response to isooctane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isooctane stimulus.


compound eye cone cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye.


hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxycinnamoyl group to an acceptor molecule.


glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + a quinone = glycerone phosphate + a quinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoribulosylformimino-AICAR-P + L-glutamine = D-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate + aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide + L-glutamate + 2 H+.


aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = an acid + NADPH + H+.


regulation of dermatome development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-L-serine-[glycoprotein] <=> N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide + a [protein]-L-serine.


archaeosine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + 7-cyano-7-carbaguanine15 in tRNA + H2O = L-glutamate + archaeine15 in tRNA.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.


cell-cell adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration

The attachment of mesendodermal cells to each other that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of the cells of the mesendoderm.


short-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


5'-adenylyl sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 5'-adenylyl sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other.


polycistronic mRNA processing

The conversion of a primary mRNA transcript containing more than one complete protein-coding region into individual mature mRNA molecules.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + curcumin = curcumin monoglucoside + UDP + H+.


atrial septum development

The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


positive regulation of receptor localization to synapse

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse.


regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction

A cardiac conduction process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


ribosomal small subunit assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit.


regulation of excretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.


embryonic digit morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe.


AMP binding

Binding to AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


forebrain astrocyte fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain.


positive regulation of toxin transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.


macrophage activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


positive regulation of cumulus cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.


ventricular septum morphogenesis

The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another.


regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.


cellular heat acclimation

Any process that increases heat tolerance of a cell in response to high temperatures.


pupation

The act of becoming a pupa, a resting stage in the life cycle of organisms with complete metamorphosis. This event marks the end of the prepupal period and the beginning of the pupal period.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.


symbiont defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts either the host signal transduction pathways leading to the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the host innate immune response.


glyoxylate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.


GCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCG codon.


ferroptosis

A programmed cell death characterized morphologically by the presence of smaller than normal mitochondria with condensed mitochondrial membrane densities, reduction or vanishing of mitochondria crista, and outer mitochondrial membrane rupture. Activation of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels and mitogen-activated protein kinases, upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter are involved in the induction of ferroptosis. This process is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from iron metabolism. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), heat shock protein beta-1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 function as negative regulators of ferroptosis by limiting ROS production and reducing cellular iron uptake, respectively. In contrast, NADPH oxidase and p53 act as positive regulators of ferroptosis by promotion of ROS production and inhibition of expression of SLC7A11 (a specific light-chain subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter), respectively. Misregulated ferroptosis has been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


induction of conjugation with cellular fusion

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion. Conjugation with cellular fusion is the process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.


ent-kaur-16-en-19-al oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + ent-kaur-16-en-19-al + oxygen = H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaurenoate.


regulation of Malpighian tubule size

Ensuring that a Malpighian tubule is the correct length and diameter.


positive regulation of ovulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


response to docetaxel trihydrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a docetaxel trihydrate stimulus.


negative regulation of monocyte activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte activation.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N(6)-dimethylallyladenine <=> H+ + 7-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-N(6)-isopentenyladenine + UDP.


translocation of molecules into symbiont

The directed movement of molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 2-acylglycerol = CoA + diacylglycerol.


phosphatidylcholine floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylcholine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


Z-phenylacetaldoxime catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds.


metanephric podocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


Group I intron splicing

The splicing of Group I introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group I introns and involved in determining the locations of the splice sites (there do not appear to be consensus splice site sequences) as well as having a role in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions, generally with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a linear piece (though it may subsequently circularize).


globoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ceramide with a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I).


ATPase-coupled urea transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + urea(out) = ADP + phosphate + urea(in).


FAT10 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier FAT10, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


ribonuclease R activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction, leaving an undigested core of 3-5 nucleotides.


4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).


leaf proximal/distal pattern formation

The regionalization process within a leaf by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = cobalt-precorrin 4 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


alliin lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide = an alkyl sulfenate + 2-aminoacrylate.


acyl-lipid omega-(9-4) desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H(+) + O2 = a (5Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-containing glycerolipid) and add a fourth double bond (a (5Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-containing glycerolipid).


oomycete sporangium development

The process that leads to the development of an oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiates, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which are laterally flagellated.


biofilm matrix disassembly

A process that results in the disassembly of a biofilm matrix.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with a very-low-density lipoprotein particle and delivering the very-low-density lipoprotein into the cell via endocytosis.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O = CoA + penicillin G + L-2-aminohexanedioate.


response to herbivore

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a herbivore.


poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(ribitol phosphate) teichoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + aminoglycoside = ADP + phosphoaminoglycoside.


histidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


seedling development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seedling over time, beginning with seed germination and ending when the first adult leaves emerge.


glomerular parietal epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


vibrational conductance of sound to the inner ear

The transmission of vibrations via ossicles to the inner ear.


modulation by virus of host apoptotic process

Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis of infected host cells.


1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity (SN2-16:3 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-16:3-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate + L-glutamate.


tripeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, from one side of a membrane to the other.


alpha-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids.


granulosa cell fate commitment

The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become granulosa cells.


glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + electron acceptor = glutathione disulfide + electron donor.


NAD+-histone H3S10 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-10 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.


heart valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized.


positive regulation of compound eye pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


Meynert cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Meynert cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose = UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose.


inferior olivary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


dUDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.


sweet taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble sweet compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sweet taste.


negative regulation of eclosion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


tRNA-dihydrouridine20 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil20 in tRNA + NAD(P) = H+ + a uracil20 in tRNA + NAD(P)H.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostatic bud elongation

The multiplication of epithelial cells, contributing to the expansion of the primary prostatic bud.


regulation of hair follicle placode formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.


regulation of cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.


intracellular phosphate ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of phosphate ions within a cell.


negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process

Any negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.


GTP:coenzyme F420 guanyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-G + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing 5-aminomethyl-2-thiouridine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate.


styrene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: styrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = NAD+ + styrene cis-glycol.


SUMO ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO to a substrate protein via the reaction X-SUMO + S = X + S-SUMO, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-SUMO linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-SUMO linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of SUMO and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


muscle organ morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized.


negative regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + O2 = 3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate + H+.


putrescine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: putrescine + O2 + H2O = 4-aminobutanal + NH3 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + L-glutamate(1-) + ATP <=> H+ + N-vanillate-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the SMAD protein signaling pathway.


flight involved in flight behavior

Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air that is part of the organism's response to external or internal stimuli resulting in flight.


negative regulation of response to pullulan

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.


Catalysis of the reaction: amino acyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + (ADP-D-ribosyl)-amino acyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


nitrobenzoate nitroreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: o-nitrobenzoate + NADPH + H+ = o-hydroxylaminobenzoate + NADP+.


transport of virus in host, tissue to tissue

The transport of a virus between tissues in a multicellular organism.


regulation of cellular response to X-ray

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any endogenous process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the plant hypersensitive response.


photoreceptor cell outer segment organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials.


alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2) linkage.


phenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenol, a compound that consists of a benzene ring with one attached hydroxyl group.


zinc efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a zinc ion or zinc ions from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


ribonuclease IX activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) or poly(C) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


regulation of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation. Metanephric cap mesenchymal cell proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of metanephric cap mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. A metanephric cap mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell that has condensed with other mesenchymal cells surrounding the ureteric bud tip.


retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation

A retrotransposon silencing mechanism involving heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


interleukin-27 production

The appearance of interleukin-27 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


choline binding

Binding to choline, the amine 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium.


negative regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


response to glucagon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.


negative regulation of response to gamma radiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.


branchiomotor neuron axon guidance

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + ATP + 5'-phospho-ribosylglycinamide = 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide + ADP + diphosphate.


positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


protein phosphopantetheinylation

The modification of a protein amino acid by phosphopantetheinylation.


regulation of lysozyme activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


(3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.


peptidyl-histidine uridylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine

The uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine).


disaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of disaccharide from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptidyl-tyrosine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-tyrosine.


haloacetate dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: haloacetate + H2O = glycolate + halide.


histone H4-K5 acetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


epicardial cell to mesenchymal cell transition

A transition where an epicardial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. The epicardium is a part of the pericardium.


regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


structural constituent of adult chitin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of an adult organism. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


blood vessel endothelial cell migration

The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during angiogenesis.


glycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.


diterpene phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpene phytoalexins, a class of diterpene formed in plants in response to fungal infection, physical damage, chemical injury, or a pathogenic process; they are sometimes referred to as plant antibiotics. Diterpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing 20 carbon atoms and 4 branched methyl groups and are made up of isoprenoid units.


nose development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


response to bleomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bleomycin stimulus.


protein-dermatan sulfate linkage via dermatan 4-sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

Dermatan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.


heme O biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


positive regulation of DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a DNA damage checkpoint.


erythrocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


plasma membrane raft assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a plasma membrane raft.


triglyceride transfer activity

Directly binding to a triglyceride and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


negative regulation of gliogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + D-alanyl-D-alanine = ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-6-carboxy-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.


positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


maturation of 2S rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 2S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 2S rRNA molecule.


osteoclast maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an osteoclast cell to attain its fully functional state. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, and which typically differentiates from monocytes.


columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-sulfur bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any carbon-sulfur bond, C-S.


energy transducer activity

The biological transducer activity that accepts energy and converts it to another form, often by transfer to another molecule within the cell.


positive regulation of nutrient release by symbiont

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


sequestering of zinc ion

The process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. Neuromast hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.


thiamine diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine diphosphate + H2O = thiamine monophosphate + phosphate.


embryonic anal fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.


cyanidin 7-O-glucoside acyltransferase(acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-(6-O-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + beta-D-glucose.


penetration of zona pellucida

The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


shikimate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + shikimate = 3-phosphoshikimate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.


peroxidase-heme linkage

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase.


maintenance of unfolded protein involved in ERAD pathway

Maintaining an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein in an unfolded, soluble state that contributes to its degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Maintaining ER-resident proteins in an unfolded yet soluble state condition after their retro-translocation favors their turnover by the cytosolic proteasome.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: creatine(out) + Na+(out) = creatine(in) + Na+(in).


bixin methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bixin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> bixin dimethyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.


smooth muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in smooth muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


negative regulation of myofibroblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.


granulocyte activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a granulocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


sphingolipid transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of sphingolipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


cell-abiotic substrate adhesion

The attachment of a cell to an underlying abiotic (non-living) substrate via adhesion molecules.


lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Combining with a lipoprotein particle and delivering the lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.


regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + D-glucose = D-glucose 6-phosphate + glycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrocyclohexanone + OH- = 4,6-dinitrohexanoate.


positive regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway.


mucilage biosynthetic process involved in seed coat development

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.


receptor-mediated bacteriophage reversible attachment to host cell

Process by which a bacteriophage, using its tail fibers, spikes or a baseplate component, initially recognizes and binds to its specific receptor on the host cell surface. This process is reversible and allows the release of a bacteriophage without affecting infection.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-3-D-galactosyl-sn-2-acylglycerol + acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + [acyl-carrier protein].


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


lariciresinol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lariciresinol + NADPH + H+ = secoisolariciresinol + NADP+.


response to leptin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism].


negative regulation of pronephric nephron tubule development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pronephric nephron tubule development.


regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host autophagy

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


hexose mediated signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hexose.


RNA 2'-O-ribose methylation guide activity

Specifies the site of 2'-O-ribose methylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


lysophosphatidic acid binding

Binding to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a phospholipid derivative that acts as a potent mitogen due to its activation of high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors.


response to human chorionic gonadotropin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.


female pregnancy

The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.


positive regulation of neuronal signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.


succinate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + acceptor = fumarate + reduced acceptor.


positive regulation of chromosome segregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-D-galactose.


apoptotic process involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


GDP-fucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a GDP-fucose from one side of a membrane to the other. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate + NAD+ = 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H+ + NADH.


disruption of cell wall in another organism

The disruption of the cell wall of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the cell wall.


dibenzothiophene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzothiophene derivatives can be detected in diesel oil following hydrodesulfurization treatment to remove sulfur compounds that would otherwise generate sulfur oxides during combustion.


positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle relaxation.


inositol 4-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.


glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NADP+ = glyoxylate + NADPH + H+.


regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.


pheromone receptor activity

Combining with a pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity. A pheromone is a substance used in olfactory communication between organisms of the same species eliciting a change in sexual or social behavior.


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain S7 O-GlcNAc transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine (position 7).


uracil oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uracil + NADH + O2 + H+ = ureidoacrylate peracid + NAD+. Ureidoacrylate peracid is spontaneously reduced by NADH to form ureidoacrylate.


phenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-(1,2-epoxy-1,2-dihydrophenyl)acetyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+.


rhombomere 8 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


scopolin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + scopolin <=> beta-D-glucose + scopoletin.


regulation of podocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.


3,4-didehydroretinal binding

Binding to 3,4-didehydroretinal, a form of retinal that plays a role in the visual process in freshwater fish and some amphibians analogous to that of all-trans retinal in other vertebrates. 3,4-didehydro-11-cis-retinal combines with an opsin to form cyanopsin (cone) or porphyropsin (rod).


neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell differentiation

The process in which a neural crest cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.


histone H3K56me2/H3K56me3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a tri or a dimethyl-lysine residue at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.


positive regulation of bone development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.


ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutathione S-conjugate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + glutathione S-conjugate(out).


ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + xenobiotic(in) = ADP + phosphate + xenobiotic(out).


taxusin 2-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: taxusin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2-alpha-hydroxytaxusin + NADP + H2O.


lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.


regulation of ribosome biogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.


positive regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


methylputrescine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylputrescine + H2O + O2 = N-methylaminobutanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


proline dipeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a dipeptide with proline at the C-terminal <=> L-proline + a standard alpha amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol = NADH + H+ + 7-alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one.


positive regulation of pectin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.


negative regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate = 4-aminobenzoate + H+ + pyruvate.


F420-0 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving F420-0 (5-O-{[(1S)-1-carboxyethoxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}-1-deoxy-1-(8-hydroxy-2,4-dioxo-2H-pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolin-10(4H)-yl)-D-ribitol), the fragment of coenzyme F420 remaining after formal hydrolytic removal of all of the glutamate residues.


synaptic target attraction

The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemoattractant signals from, and grows towards, potential targets.


nitric oxide reductase activity (NAD(P)H-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dinitrogen oxide + H2O + NAD(P) = 2 nitric oxide + H+ + NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-terminal L-glutaminyl-[peptide] = N-terminal 5-oxo-L-prolyl-[peptide] + NH4+.


racemase and epimerase activity, acting on amino acids and derivatives

Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in an amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-2-methylhexanoyl-CoA.


response to metal ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.


synaptic vesicle targeting

The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


dolichol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + dolichol = CoA + dolichyl palmitate.


corpus callosum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corpus callosum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provide communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.


hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes

The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in the host organism by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


wound healing, spreading of cells

The migration of a cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous surface.


dodecyl sulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dodecyl sulfate, commonly found as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a component of a variety of synthetic surfactants.


MHC class I biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.


lateral sprouting involved in lung morphogenesis

The process in which a branch forms along the side of the lung epithelial tube.


halohydrin hydrogen-halide-lyase A activity

Catalysis of the elimination of HCl from a chloro- or bromopropanol, yielding an epoxypropane.


inositol tetrakisphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = inositol pentakisphosphate + ADP.


chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex into its constituent components.


tryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tryptamine + H2O + O2 = NH3 + indole acetaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = benzoate + NADH + H+.


response to trichostatin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichostatin A stimulus.