pyrimidine ribonucleoside binding

Binding to a pyrimidine ribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to ribose.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in sulfonyl-containing anhydrides

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid anhydride which contains a sulfonyl group, -SO2-.


cellular response to forskolin

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a forskolin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: protein-malonyllysine + H2O => protein-lysine + malonate. This reaction is the removal of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) from a malonylated lysine residue of a protein or peptide.


pyridine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof.


streptomycin 3''-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + streptomycin 3''-phosphate.


B cell antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis

B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.


regulation of protein catabolic process at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating protein degradation at the synapse.


histone H3K79 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 79) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 79). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 79 of the histone H3 protein.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.


regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.


pyrithiamine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimid-5-ylmethyl)-3-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium bromide + H2O = 1-(4-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimid-5-ylmethyl)-3-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylpyridinium bromide + NH3.


medial motor column neuron differentiation

The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


diol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


negative regulation of prolactin signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin signaling pathway.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.


cellular response to selenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.


histone H3R2 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 2)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 2) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 2.


ferric enterobactin:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric enterobactin(out) + H+(out) = ferric enterobactin(in) + H+(in).


maintenance of stationary phase in response to starvation

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to limited nutrients in the environment.


N-acetylneuraminate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate = N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + pyruvate.


respiratory basal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a respiratory basal cell.


quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + O2 + quercetin = 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate + CO.


dorsal spinal cord interneuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. A dorsal spinal cord interneuron is an interneuron located in the dorsal part of the spinal cord.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxystreptamine(2+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine <=> H+ + 2'-N-acetylparomamine(2+) + UDP(3-).


cochlea morphogenesis

The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized.


D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-xylulose forming (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-xylulose + NADPH + H+.


regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.


astaxanthin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of astaxanthin.


positive regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues successively from non-reducing ends of the chains with release of beta-D-glucose.


lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

The process in which the structure of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve is generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into one donor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and two atoms of oxygen are incorporated into one donor.


negative regulation of hypoxanthine transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sulfate binding

Binding to sulfate, SO4(2-), a negatively charged small molecule.


glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of glomerular mesangial cells, resulting in the expansion of the population.


high-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the high-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


adult foraging behavior

Behavior by which an adult locates food.


smooth muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.


N-glycan processing to secreted and cell-surface N-glycans

The modification of high-mannose (Man9-Asn) N-glycans by mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase. This may result in Man8GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans (which in yeast may be subsequently modified by the addition of further mannose residues) or Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans that are substrates for further diversification in the Golgi apparatus.


cellular response to superoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.


surfactant homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of a steady-state level of a surface-active agent that maintains the surface tension of a liquid.


lipooligosaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipooligosaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-carboxybenzalpyruvate + H2O = 3-formylsalicylic acid + pyruvate.


regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.


somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes by N region addition

The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the T cell receptor gene.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate + NADP+ = 3-oxoglycyrrhetinate + H+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of lymphocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.


cellular alkene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n, as carried out by individual cells.


neurotrophin production

The appearance of a neurotrophin due to biosynthesis or secretion by cells in a neuron's target field, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. A neurotrophin is any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan + UDP.


meiotic interphase II

The cell cycle phase which begins at the end of meiosis I cytokinesis and ends when meiosis II prophase begins. During meiotic interphase II no DNA replication takes place, but the centrioles duplicate and spindle fibres emerge.


T cell meandering migration

The random-like motility observed for T cells in lymph nodes which enhances surveillance of antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APCs).


The chemical reactions and pathways involving hercynylselenocysteine.


deoxyguanosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyguanosine + ATP = ADP + dGMP + 2 H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipooligosaccharide.


vomitoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of type B trichothecene vomitoxin, also known as deoxynivalenol, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi and predominantly occurs in grains such as wheat, barley and oats.


positive regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.


riboflavin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine + H+ = 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + riboflavin.


hexuronate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of hexuronates from one side of a membrane to the other. A hexuronate is any monocarboxylic acid derived from a hexose by oxidation of C-6.


positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.


ITP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ITP, inosine triphosphate.


cyanide hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formamide = H2O + hydrogen cyanide.


growth plate cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of growth plate cartilage are generated and organized.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.


nitrogen utilization

A series of processes that forms an integrated mechanism by which a cell or an organism detects the depletion of primary nitrogen source, usually ammonia, and then activates genes to scavenge the last traces of the primary nitrogen source and to transport and metabolize alternative nitrogen sources. The utilization process begins when the cell or organism detects nitrogen levels, includes the activation of genes whose products detect, transport or metabolize nitrogen-containing substances, and ends when nitrogen is incorporated into the cell or organism's metabolism.


acid-sensing ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a neuronal, voltage-insensitive channel that opens when an extracellular proton has been bound by the channel complex.


(R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reversible reaction: (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = (R)-acetoin + NADH + H+.


interleukin-22 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-22 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


response to carbohydrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to hypoxia (lowered oxygen tension). Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. The pathway ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides, to remove successive isomaltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


Catalysis of the reaction: butein 4'-beta-D-glucoside + O2 = aureusidin 6-O-beta-glucoside + H2O + H+.


acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- = ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA.


RNA cap 4 binding

Binding to a hypermethylated cap structure consisting of 7-methylguanosine (m(7)G) followed by four methylated nucleotides (cap 4): 7-methylguanosine-ppp-N6, N6, 2'-O-trimethyladenosine-p-2'-O-methyladenosine-p-2'-O-methylcytosine-p-N3, 2'-O-dimethyluridine Such caps are known to be found at the 5' ends of SL RNAs of trypanosomatid protozoa.


lymphotoxin A production

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.


posterior neuropore closure

The joining together of the neural folds of the caudal opening of the neural tube. The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.


positive regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.


methylnaphthalene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.


ABC-type amino acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + amino acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + amino acid(in/out).


aurone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aurones, a series of plant flavonoids that provide a yellow colour to flowers. They have the basic skeletal structure of two benzene rings joined by a linear C3 chain (C6-C3-C6). Aurones exist mostly as 6-O-glucosides.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell proliferation involved in embryonic placenta development.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->2)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in an oligo-mannose oligosaccharide.


tuberculosinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tuberculosinol (halima-5,6,dien-15-ol), a secondary metabolite in Mycobacteria.


response to host pH environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the pH conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of artery morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.


regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


deoxyguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.


spongiotrophoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of the ectoplacental cone acquires specialized features of a spongiotrophoblast of the placenta. A spongiotrophoblast cell is a basophilic cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)H + H+.


regulation of mast cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation as part of an immune response.


acylagmatine amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-benzoylagmatine + H2O = agmatine + benzoate.


peptidyl-alanine modification

The modification of peptidyl-alanine.


negative regulation of cell volume

Any process that decreases cell volume.


cellular response to carbon monoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.


GUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUC codon.


dGDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).


asparagine catabolic process via 2-oxosuccinamate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxosuccinamate.


ketone body catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Ketone bodies can be used as an energy source as an alternative to glucose. Utilization of ketone bodies in peripheral tissues involves conversion of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, which is then converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA.


positive regulation of developmental vegetative growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.


positive regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


diacylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


cell-cell adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration

The attachment of one ameboid cell to another that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of one of the cells.


fatty alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty alcohol.


helvolic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of helvolic acid.


modulation by symbiont of entry into host

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


stalled replication fork localization to nuclear periphery

A cellular localization process where a DNA replication fork that has stalled is signaled to relocate and anchor to the nuclear periphery for the time necessary to complete recombination-dependent replication.


negative regulation of response to propan-1-ol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


L-xylose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aldehydo-L-xylose + NADP+ = L-xylono-1,4-lactone + H+ + NADPH.


response to methyl methanesulfonate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) stimulus.


cellular response to magnetism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnetic stimulus.


negative regulation of neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.


nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

The biosynthetic process in which peptide bond formation occurs in the absence of the translational machinery. Examples include the synthesis of antibiotic peptides, and glutathione.


cellular response to interleukin-6

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.


regulation of viral life cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.


podocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a glomerular visceral epithelial cell.


locomotory behavior

The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.


cell wall organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in two enzymatic steps.


arabinan transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of nigerotriose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.


forebrain astrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


negative regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide = ribose-5-phosphate + a pyrimidine.


protein localization to cell-cell junction

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained, in a location within a cell-cell junction.


cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NADH

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


male analia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the analia of the male are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc.


hepatic stellate cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a hepatic stellate cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, cellular ligand or soluble factor.


dopamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + RNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + RNA containing 2'-O-methylribonucleotide.


sequestering of triglyceride

The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors.


regulation of hair cycle by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the hair cycle.


rDNA chromatin condensation

The process in which the chromatin structure of the rDNA repeats is compacted. In S. cerevisiae, condensation and resolution of the rDNA occurs during anaphase.


toluene-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.


cyanophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cyanophore cell. Cyanophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain a blue pigment of unknown chemical composition. The pigment is stored in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes.


exit from reproductive diapause

The dormancy process that results in exit from reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


far-red light photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 730nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


germ-line processes downstream of sex determination signal

The events determining the germ-line sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to germ-line-specific information pathways.


Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ = coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH.


regulation of steroid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.


box H/ACA RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA.


acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA.


response to caloric restriction

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caloric restriction, insufficient food energy intake.


uridine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of uridine, uracil riboside, from one side of a membrane to the other.


altruistic, chimeric sorocarp development

Development of a chimeric sorocarp in which cells of all genotypes have an equal chance of becoming a spore cell.


neutrophil apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a neutrophil, any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.


chemotaxis to folate

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate.


regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


metal incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including iron, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or copper, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) sulfur atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal sulfur cluster are cysteine, histidine, aspartate, glutamate, serine and cysteine persulfide.


perturbation of host systemic acquired resistance

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


capsorubin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsorubin.


instar larval or pupal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


diglucosyl diacylglycerol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-glucose = UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl(1,2)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol.


protein-DNA-RNA complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a protein-DNA-RNA complex into its constituent components.


anthocyanin biosynthetic process involved in anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, contributing to anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.


alkylbase DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: DNA with alkylated base + H2O = DNA with abasic site + alkylated base. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove an alkylated base, leaving an apyrimidinic or apurinic site.


Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule.


diterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


Sertoli cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a Sertoli cell.


Rap protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rap family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


cell proliferation involved in heart valve development

Any cell proliferation that is involved in heart valve development.


response to tellurium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.


glucose fermentation to lactate and acetate

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


ADP-sugar diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-sugar + H2O = AMP + sugar 1-phosphate.


regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


homoiothermy

Any homoeostatic process in which an organism maintains its internal body temperature at a relatively constant value. This is achieved by using metabolic processes to counteract fluctuations in the temperature of the environment.


notochord cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features cells that make up the notochord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a notochord cell fate.


histone H3K36 dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of two methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me2.


UUG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUG codon.


pyruvate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + O2 + phosphate + pyruvate = acetyl phosphate + CO2 + H2O2.


nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling pathway

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell by nitric oxide (NO) activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, guanylyl cyclase activity, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell following activation by cGMP.


myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, phytate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C; in this pathway, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is first converted to inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and then phosphorylated further.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + succinate.


negative regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol:NAD(P)+ 3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-carboxy-4beta-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NAD(P) = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3-one + carbon dioxide + NAD(P)H.


cellular response to N-phenylthiourea

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a N-phenylthiourea stimulus.


positive regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


regulation of Rab protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction.


regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels

Any process that modulates the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.


positive regulation of zoospore encystment on host

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


GMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces disulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3-amino-6-acetamidohexanoate = L-glutamate + 3-oxo-6-acetamidohexanoate.


L-lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


endoplasmic reticulum inheritance

The partitioning of endoplasmic reticulum between daughter cells at cell division.


cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a phenol = UDP + an aryl beta-D-glucoside.


bone marrow development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose 5-phosphate.


positive regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


phosphomevalonate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ADP + H+.


mesonephric intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.


regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation

The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid group of an amino acid, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis.


lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + octanoyl-[ACP] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N6-octanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


post-embryonic appendage morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of an appendage are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


palmatine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmatine, a berberine alkaloid found in many plants.


cellular response to cyclosporin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.


regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any process that modulates the potential difference across a presynaptic membrane.


pore complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases.


negative regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + columbamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + palmatine.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.


inulin binding

Binding to inulin.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.


TSC1-TSC2 complex binding

Binding to a TSC1-TSC2 complex.


L-lysine 6-transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine = L-glutamate + allysine.


cuticle chitin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.


histone H3R26 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 26) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 26). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 26 of histone H3.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-positive bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


transcription initiation at RNA polymerase I promoter

A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase I gene promoter. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in another organism. A low voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on low voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 2beta,3beta-dihydroxy-12,15-cassadiene-11-one + NADP + H2O.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-17 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxybenzoate + AH(2) + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + A + H2O.


Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-serine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine, or UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [protein]-L-threonine = UDP + [protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-threonine.


retinal rod cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a retinal rod cell, one of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina.


regulation of flagellated sperm motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


regulation of glucose import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.


detoxification of zinc ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of zinc ion. These include transport of zinc away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of zinc ion.


anterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

The process in which the structures of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.


thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thioredoxin-dithiol + NADP+ = thioredoxin-disulfide + H+ + NADPH.


negative regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second.


adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


amine binding

Binding to an amine, a weakly basic organic compound that contains an amino or a substituted amino group.


beta-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining

An instance of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining that is independent of factors important for V(D)J recombination (as opposed to classical nonhomologous end joining). It often results in a deletion with microhomology (i.e. 5-25bp homology) at the repair junction. Among different subclasses of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), alternative NHEJ appears to play a significant role in the etiology of mutations that arise during cancer development and treatment.


osmosensor activity

Sensing extracellular osmolarity to initiate a change in cell activity, and spanning the membrane of the cell.


N-terminal protein amino acid modification

The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.


metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the metanephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


regulation of sequestering of triglyceride

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium

Polarization of the follicle cells of an insect ovary along the anterior/posterior axis.


gonadal mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism.


The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to a nitrogen (N) atom in an N-terminal glycine residue to form N-palmitoyl-glycine.


inner ear receptor cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an inner ear receptor cell.


arsenate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + thioredoxin = arsenite + thioredoxin disulfide. Thioredoxin disulfide is also known as oxidized thioredoxin.


mammary gland epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.


mRNA cap binding

Binding to a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) group or derivative located at the 5' end of an mRNA molecule.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart musclecontraction.


response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine stimulus.


negative regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.


4-methyleneglutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamine + H2O = 4-methylene-L-glutamate + NH4.


positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


mitochondrial ribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mitochondrial ribosome and of its subunits.


protein ADP-ribosyltransferase-substrate adaptor activity

An enzyme-substrate adaptor that bings together a protein ADP-ribosyl transferase and its substrate.


histone H3-K27 acetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 27 of the histone.


cellobiose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cellobiose from one side of a membrane to the other. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.


labyrinthine layer formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.


4-oxalocrotonate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-oxalocrotonate = CO2 + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


superior olivary nucleus formation

The process that gives rise to the superior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.


suppression by virus of host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF7 activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces a host viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway by reducing the activity of IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor-7). IRF7 a transcription factor in the RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling pathway. Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IRF7, which allows IRF7 to form a homodimer, migrate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes.


negative regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.


fraxetin 5-hydroxylase activity

Catalyzes the reaction fraxetin+ NAD(P)H + 02= sideretin + NAD(P)(+) + H20.


regulation of cell morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


positive regulation of motor neuron migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


lipid modification by small protein conjugation

A lipid modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target lipid.


negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.


n-octane oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of n-octane to octanoyl-CoA.


Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


protein-carbohydrate complex subunit organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-carbohydrate complex.


menaquinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the menaquinones, quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


histone H3-K9 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

Any process that modulates stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


deoxyinosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a target cell in the epidermis that contributes to the migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap to reestablish a continuous epidermis.


regulation of small molecule metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


regulation of response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.


negative regulation of cell division

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.


mannan 1,3-beta-mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, releasing mannose.


negative regulation of wax biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


mitochondrial seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


determination of stimulus intensity

The determination of the perceived strength of a sensory stimulus.


negative regulation of heart induction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart induction.


cellular response to interleukin-32

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-32 stimulus.


lung saccule development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung saccule from an initial condition to its mature state. The lung saccule is the primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.


telomerase RNA reverse transcriptase activity

Catalysis of the extension of the 3' end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. Cannot initiate a chain de novo; uses the RNA subunit of the telomerase enzyme complex as its template.


translocation of molecules into host

The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formyltetrahydrofolate + ATP = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


tonic skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within tonic skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The tonic skeletal muscle is characterized by long lasting contractile responses and high resistance to fatigue.


beta-L-rhamnosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-L-rhamnose residues in beta-L-rhamnosides.


11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinol + NADP = 11-cis-retinal + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of eosinophil migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil migration.


transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups

Catalysis of the transfer of a nitrogenous group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


coenzyme F420-0 gamma-glutamyl ligase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (1) GTP + F420-0 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + F420-1, and (2) GTP + F420-1 + L-glutamate = GDP + phosphate + gamma-F420-2. This is the GTP-dependent successive addition of two L-glutamates to the L-lactyl phosphodiester of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (F420-0) to form F420-0-glutamyl-glutamate (F420-2), with a gamma-linkage between the two glutamates.


pyrimidine- and adenosine-specific:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(out) + Na+(out) = (pyrimidine nucleoside or adenosine)(in) + Na+(in).


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction

Any process that increases the force of heart muscle contraction.


queuosine salvage

Any process which produces queuosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


neuropore closure

The process of joining together the neural folds at either end of the neural tube.


positive regulation of response to reactive oxygen species

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to reactive oxygen species.


acetate kinase (diphosphate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetate + diphosphate = acetyl phosphate + phosphate.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that results in the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord.


12-demethyl-elloramycin C12a O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 12-demethyl-elloramycin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> elloramycin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


leaf vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the leaf of vascular plants.


pentalenolactone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentalenolactone.


retinal pigment epithelium development

The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.


craniofacial suture morphogenesis

The process in which any suture between cranial and/or facial bones is generated and organized.


adamantanone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.


pH reduction

Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


angioblast cell migration

The orderly movement of angioblasts, cells involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.


negative regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.


alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + D-glucose-6-phosphate = UDP + alpha,alpha-trehalose-6-phosphate.


bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication

The process that mediates interactions between a bundle of His cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the bundle of His cell communicating with a Purkinje myocyte in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a demethylmenaquinol <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a menaquinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + a glucosylceramide = a lactosylceramide + uridine-5'-diphosphate. The glucosylceramide has sphinganine as the long chain base.


hindbrain morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


response to arsenic-containing substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.


raffinose alpha-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + H2O = alpha-D-galactose + sucrose.


response to UV-C

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


positive regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.


induction by symbiont of host innate immune response

The activation by a symbiont of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


icosanoid receptor activity

Combining with an icosanoid to initiate a change in cell activity.


cathasterone hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cathasterone + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> teasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


kidney rudiment formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a kidney rudiment from unspecified parts. A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A.


cellular response to kainic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a kainic acid stimulus.


regulation of tube lumen cavitation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tube lumen cavitation.


glycine betaine biosynthetic process from glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine from other compounds, including glycine.


aconitate delta-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-aconitate = cis-aconitate.


phenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + X-HPO3- = XH + phenylphosphate.


maintenance of protein localization at cell tip

Any process in which localization of a protein is maintained at the cell tip.


plastid chromosome packaging

A process in which plastidial DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure.


phyllotactic patterning

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of plant organs (leaves or leaf-like structures) or flower primordia around a central axis.


ceramide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ceramide = ADP + ceramide-1-phosphate.


NADH dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + plastoquinone = NAD+ + plastoquinol.


negative regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


suture of dorsal opening

Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole.


photoperiodism, flowering

A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length. The length of the period of light or dark required to initiate the change is set relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.


structural constituent of presynaptic active zone

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic active zone.


viral genome ejection through host cell envelope, long flexible tail mechanism

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm via a long, flexible tail ejection system consisting a baseplate, a central tube and a terminator complex which attaches the tail to the phage capsid. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the baseplate changes its conformation and triggers genome ejection into the host cell cytoplasm.


4-nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: p-nitrophenol + O2 + NADPH = H2O + NADP+ + nitrite + p-benzoquinone.


cinnamoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ = cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


modulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet

The process in which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.


2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + N-isopropylacetanilide.


mammary gland specification

The regionalization process in which the mammary line is specified. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.


rhamnogalacturonan I metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone.


posterior head segmentation

Partitioning the posterior region of the insect head anlage into gnathal (mandibular, maxillary and labial) segments. Unlike the anterior head (procephalic) segments, formation of the posterior head (gnathal) segments occurs by a similar mechanism to trunk segmentation, where a cascade of gap genes, pair-rule genes and segment-polarity genes subdivide the embryo into progressively smaller domains.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of the third glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


negative regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.


stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


cadmium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cadmium (Cd) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


2-alkenal reductase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NAD(P)+ = alk-2-enal + NAD(P)H + H+.


stem cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


cellular response to hesperadin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.


23S rRNA (adenine(2085)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2085) in 23S rRNA = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(2085) in 23S rRNA.


indoleacetaldoxime dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde oxime = (indol-3-yl)acetonitrile + H2O.


acetylspermidine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = acetate + spermidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene = 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


soluble NSF attachment protein activity

Binding to both N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and a cis-SNARE complex (i.e. a SNARE complex in which all proteins are associated with the same membrane) and increasing the ATPase activity of NSF, thereby allowing ATP hydrolysis by NSF to disassemble the cis-SNARE complex.


programmed necrotic cell death

A necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


vanadium ion binding

Binding to a vanadium ion (V).


cerebellar unipolar brush cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature unipolar brush cell in the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a unipolar brush cell fate. A unipolar brush cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


generation of ovulation cycle rhythm

The process which controls the timing of the type of sexual cycle seen in female mammals.


cellular response to linoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.


hydrogen peroxide channel activity

Enables the transfer of hydrogen peroxide from one side of a membrane to the other.


plant-type cell wall modification

The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.


peripheral tolerance induction

Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


relaxation of cardiac muscle

The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced.


glucose-6-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucose-6-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.


response to corticosteroid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.


flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + O2 = [protein]-disulfide + H2O2 using FAD as a cofactor, leading to formation of disulfide bridges in proteins.


cellopentaose binding

Binding to a cellopentaose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.


glucuronate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate = D-fructuronate.


ATP-dependent protein disaggregase activity

An ATP-dependent molecular chaperone activity that mediates the solubilization of ordered protein aggregates.


deglucuronidation

The removal of glucuronic acid from a conjugated substrate.


prolactin secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a prolactin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene = 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylmuramate phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylmuramate (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylmuramate-6-phosphate (in).


regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocanabinoid

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by an endocannabinoid.


cellular response to type II interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.


3-dehydrosphinganine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + sphinganine = 3-dehydrosphinganine + H+ + NADPH.


proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient.


beta-diketone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + nonane-4,6-dione = butanoate + H+ + pentan-2-one.


cholestanol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + epidihydrocholesterin + O2 + NADPH = (22alpha)-hydroxy-cholestanol + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + quinoline-4-carboxylate = 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + AH(2).


tryptophanamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophanamide + H2O = L-tryptophan + NH4.


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + UDP-D-glucose = (-)-menthyl beta-D-glucoside + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + labd-13(16),14-diene-9-ol.


large ribosomal subunit rRNA binding

Binding to large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA), a constituent of the large ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 25S rRNA.


regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol + NADP+ = 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + H+ + NADPH.


ESCRT III complex disassembly

The disaggregation of an ESCRT III complex into its constituent components.


blood vessel endothelial cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of a blood vessel endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.


potassium channel activating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds activation of a potassium ion channel.


regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (hydroxybenzoly-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + H+.


regulation of glutamate secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.


quinolinate synthetase A activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iminoaspartate + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate = quinolinate + 2 H2O + phosphate.


pronephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron distal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH = dihydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADP.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a retinoic acid receptor in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.


cell wall thickening

A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker.


Catalysis of the reaction: siroheme + 2 H+ = Fe(2+) + sirohydrochlorin.


iron-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the iron chelate iron-nicotianamine (Fe-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


spinal cord motor neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone + H2O = 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


otic vesicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. The tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a tyrosine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammeline + H2O = N-cyclopropylammelide + NH3.


cellular response to humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


ligand-gated monoatomic anion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic anion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


phosphoanandamide dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated anandamide.


lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


nicotinamide riboside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nicotinamide riboside, which is a pyridine-3-carboxamide covalently bonded to a ribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of Purkinje myocyte action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a Purkinje myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


negative regulation of protein kinase D signaling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase D signaling.


sieve cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve cell. A sieve cell is a type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores). The sieve areas are rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants. The sieve element is the cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials.


cellular ketone body metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism.


alkane 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octane + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 1-octanol + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O.


hypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.


K11-linked deubiquitinase activity

Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys11 residue of ubiquitin.


tartrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tartrate.


oxaloacetate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


white fat cell differentiation involved in mammary gland fat development

The process in which a preadipocyte acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte of the mammary gland. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade.


maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet.


The methylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-isoleucine.


membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the atrial cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


perillyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perillyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.


response to staurosporine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.


positive regulation of blood pressure by epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased by the chemicals epinephrine and norepinephrine.


aerobic fructose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the presence of oxygen.


regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA.


FACT complex binding

Binding to a FACT complex.


(-)-microperfuranone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-microperfuranone.


steroid 9-alpha-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + pregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione = 9,11alpha-epoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione + A + H2O.


cholesterol storage

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


positive regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.


regulation of glutamine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.


hepatic stellate cell migration

The orderly movement of a hepatic stellate cell from one site to another.


optokinetic behavior

The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.


protein prenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the covalent addition of an isoprenoid group such as a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue in a protein.


regulation of neuroblast migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.


regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


outer mitochondrial membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial outer membrane.


The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-11 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signaling

The process in which a rhodopsin-mediated signaling pathway is adjusted to modulate the sensitivity and response of a visual system to light stimuli (that might vary over more than 6 magnitudes in intensity) without response saturation.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


response to methanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.


negative regulation of sporulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone + 2 H+ + NADH = benzene-1,2,4-triol + NAD+.


negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


sulfate assimilation

The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds.


prosthetic group catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: rhamnose(out) + H+(out) = rhamnose(in) + H+(in).


interleukin-2 production

The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA with a 3' CC end + ATP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + diphosphate.


natural killer cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of natural killer cells.


floral whorl structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the floral whorl. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-7 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. The glycyll-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a glycine-accepting tRNA.


positive regulation of establishment of T cell polarity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.


granulosa cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a granulosa cell, a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals.


histone H4-K20 methylation

The modification of histone H4 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.


negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


alpha-beta T cell activation by superantigen

The change in morphology and behavior of alpha-beta T cells resulting from exposure to a superantigen, a microbial antigen with an extremely potent activating effect on T cells that bear a specific variable region.


negative regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


ent-kaurene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-kaur-16-ene + diphosphate.


fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a fatty acid methyl ester.


regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


Catalysis of the reaction: NDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = NDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1.


achromobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, from one side of a membrane to the other.


succinyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + succinyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + succinate.


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification.