DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via synthesis-dependent strand annealing.


descending thin limb development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The descending thin limb is a part of the loop of Henle situated just after the proximal straight tubule (S3). It extends to the tip of the loop of Henle.


high-affinity ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


low-affinity L-arginine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-arginine from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)anthranilate = 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate.


pancreas morphogenesis

Morphogenesis of the pancreas. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


anterior Malpighian tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pair of anterior tubules arise from a dorsal region of the embryonic hindgut and projects forwards through the body cavity. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which connects with the posterior part of the gut.


L-proline betaine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline found in alfalfa, chrysanthemum, and citrus plants.


Catalysis of the reaction: monodemethylisoproturon + H2O = hydroxymonodemethylisoproturon + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.


deoxyadenosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyadenosine + ATP = ADP + dAMP + 2 H+.


regulation of vascular permeability

Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.


L-methionine biosynthetic process from L-homoserine via cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including L-homoserine, via the intermediate cystathionine.


vulval development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


cyanate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that involves the two-step acylation of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to a phosphatidylcholine.


peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid from other compounds, including peptidyl-aspartic acid.


pallium cell proliferation in forebrain

The multiplication or reproduction of pallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


hypoxanthine salvage

Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


L-methionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid.


riboflavinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + H+ + riboflavin = D-ribitol + lumichrome.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.


pattern specification involved in metanephros development

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the metanephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.


bile acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: bile acid(out) + Na+(out) = bile acid(in) + Na+(in).


hippurate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzoylglycine + H2O = benzoate + glycine.


regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).


embryonic placenta development

The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


cellular response to interleukin-13

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.


skeletal muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.


nectary development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral nectaries over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of heptasaccharide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.


lytic endotransglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues. Acts on linkages within peptidoglycan chains (i.e. not at the ends) to produce shorter strands with 1,6-anhydromuramic acid ends.


maleylpyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate(2-) + H2O <=> H+ + maleate(2-) + pyruvate.


regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


serine family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.


apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.


positive regulation of response to cycloalkane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.


peptidyl-tryptophan oxidation to tryptophyl quinone

The oxidation of peptidyl-tryptophan to form tryptophan-6,7-dione, otherwise known as tryptophyl quinone, which is further modified by cross-linking to either tryptophan or cysteine.


intracellular accumulation of glycerol

The accumulation of glycerol within a cell, for example by increased glycerol biosynthesis combined with decreased permeability of the cell membrane to glycerol, in response to the detection of a hyperosmotic environment.


gamma-glutamyl hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-glutamyl cysteine + hercynine + O2 = gamma-glutamyl-hercynyl cysteine sulfoxide + H2O.


immune response in brain or nervous system

An immune response taking place in the brain or nervous system.


RNA repair

Any process that results in the repair of damaged RNA.


technetium (VII) reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pertechnetate ion + 3/2 H2 = technetium (IV) oxide + H2O + OH-.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+ = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2 + NADH.


cellular response to acrylamide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acrylamide stimulus.


dCDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.


atrial cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell in the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.


protoderm histogenesis

The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the epidermis.


fructoseglycine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoseglycine, a fructose molecule containing a glycine group in place of a hydroxyl group.


plasmodesma organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasmodesma, a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + L-glutamine = 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + 2-oxoglutaramate.


negative regulation of conjugation with zygote

A process that prevents a zygote from fusing an additional cell.


trochlear nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


physiological muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development.


conversion of glutamyl-tRNA to glutaminyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of glutamate charged on a tRNA(Gln) to glutaminyl-tRNA.


D-glucuronate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.


suppression by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to mitochondrial depolarisation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) in response to the depolarization of one or more mitochondria.


methyl beta-D-glucoside 6-phosphate glucohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl beta-D-glucoside 6-phosphate + H2O = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate + methanol.


ammeline aminohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ammeline + H2O = ammelide + NH3.


erythrophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an erythrophore cell. Erythrophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives them an orange to red appearance.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + baicalein <=> H+ + UDP + baicalin.


pyochelin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


alpha-pinene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature.


regulation of substance P secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.


ornithine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


positive regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.


pheromone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoserine to homoserine to form phosphohomoserine.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling

The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid and aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


detection of calcium ion

The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


vesicle coating

A protein coat is added to the vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid cyclopropane fatty acid.


cellular response to vitamin K

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.


Catalysis of the transfer of a nitric oxide (NO) group to a sulphur atom within a cysteine residue of a protein.


positive regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in hippocampal neurons.


negative regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.


response to ionomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ionomycin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,6 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


metanephric tubule development

The progression of a metanephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A metanephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephros.


carboxynorspermidine dehydrogenase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carboxynorspermidine + NADP + H2O <=> L-aspartic acid 4-semialdehyde betaine + trimethylenediaminium + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine(1-) + an (3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acp] <=> UDP-2,3-bis[O-(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-alpha-D-glucosamine + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


negative regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


flavonol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroflavonol + 2-oxoglurate + O2 = a flavonol + succinate + CO2 + H2O.


myosin II filament assembly

The formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion.


negative regulation of sebum secreting cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sebum secreting cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + aspartate = methionine + oxaloacetate.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.


termination of mitochondrial transcription

A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary mitochondrial transcript.


negative regulation of centriole elongation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-endo-hydroxycineole + NAD+ = 6-oxocineole + H+ + NADH.


posterior lateral line neuromast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


maintenance of protein location

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.


pinene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.


peptide-O-fucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-L-fucosyl residue from GDP- beta-L-fucose to the serine hydroxy group of a protein acceptor.


cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


nuclear pore localization

Any process in which nuclear pores are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


membrane depolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


NAADP-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


sphingosine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (E,E)-piperoyl-CoA + piperidine = N-[(E,E)-piperoyl]piperidine + CoA + H+.


regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (2->6)-beta-D-fructofuranan, to remove successive disaccharide residues as levanbiose, i.e. 6-(beta-D-fructofuranosyl)-D-fructose, from the end of the chain.


interleukin-25 production

The appearance of interleukin-25 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of lipid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.


endonucleolytic cleavage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-SSU-rRNA from a pre-LSU-rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


I-kappaB phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into an inhibitor of kappa B (I-kappaB) protein. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing bound NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


meiosis I cell cycle phase

A meiotic cell cycle phase prior to a during which some part of meiosis I nuclear division or the proceeding cytokinesis occurs.


L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase activity (NAD-dependent)

Catalysis of the reaction: L-idonate + NAD = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + kanamycin B = N(6')-acetylkanamycin B + CoA + H+. This is acetylation of the 6'-amino group of the 6-deoxy-6-aminoglucose ring.


naphthalenesulfonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalenesulfonate, sulfonated derivatives of naphthalene.


regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.


phenylalkylamine binding

Binding to phenylalkylamine or one of its derivatives.


citryl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-citryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate.


(gibberellin-14), 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A14 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A37 + carbon dioxide + succinate.


negative regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


negative regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


vanadium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of vanadium (V) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptide cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains.


asexual reproduction

A type of reproduction in which new individuals are produced from a single organism, either from an unfertilized egg or from a single cell or group of cells.


The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


negative regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


negative regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.


(+)-taxifolin 5'-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-taxifolin(1-) + O2 + NADPH(4-) + H+ <=> (+)-dihydromyricetin + NADP(3-) + H2O.


3-chlorocatechol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-chlorocatechol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 <=> 4alpha-carboxy-4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(241)-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


protein serine kinase activity (using GTP as donor)

Catalysis of the reactions: GTP + L-seryl-[protein] = GDP + H+ + O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein].


galactose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NAD+ = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.


protein autoprocessing

Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid = salicylate + CO2.


1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan chain to a primary hydroxyl group in a similar glucan chain.


regulation of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER.


Unidirectional transfer of genetic information triggered by to a pheromone signal.


nephrogenic mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a nephrogenic mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron.


positive regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine + CoA + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + UDP-galactose = 6F-alpha-D-galactosylsucrose + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol polyphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol polyphosphate + phosphate.


signal complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell.


anaphase-promoting complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an anaphase-promoting complex.


pyridoxal phosphate binding

Binding to pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6.


hip joint articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of hip joint articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzenoid + O2 = H+ + distal extradiol ring cleavage. Substrates are 2,2',3-trihydroxybiphenyl (forms 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate) and 2,2',3-trihydroxydiphenylether (forms 2,3-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate).


negative regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase.


polyamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the oxidative degradation or interconversion of polyamines.


specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


hindgut contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species

Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes and occurring as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.


disassembly by symbiont of host cuticle

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a breakdown of the host organism cuticle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to dextromethorphan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dextromethorphan stimulus.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, with other known acceptors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen reduces a known acceptor other than a cytochrome, an iron-sulfur protein, NAD, NADP, or a quinone or similar compound.


cell migration involved in heart formation

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that contribute to the formation of the heart. The initial heart structure is made up of mesoderm-derived heart progenitor cells and neural crest-derived cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-tyrosine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-tyrosine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


caudal fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the caudal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


R1/R6 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R1 and R6 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ergothioneine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


L-cysteine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + 2-oxoglutarate = mercaptopyruvate + L-glutamate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: an N-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-[protein] + L-arginyl-tRNA(Arg) = H+ + N-terminal L-arginyl-L-amino acid-[protein] + tRNA(Arg).


AMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


peripheral nervous system axon regeneration

The regrowth of axons outside the central nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) following an axonal injury.


alpha-beta T cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


chondro-4-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate + H2O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H+ + sulfate.


mycothione reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + mycothiol = NAD(P)H + H+ + mycothione.


triglyceride binding

Binding to a triester of glycerol.


heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.


NADPH peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O2 + H+ + NADPH = 2 H2O + NADP+.


positive regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.


negative regulation of reproductive process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.


site-specific recombinase activity

Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique target DNA sequences.


O antigen polymerase activity

Catalysis of the polymerization of o-antigen chains. O-antigens are tetra- and pentasaccharide repeat units of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria and are a component of lipopolysaccharide.


hemocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of hemocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages at the branch points of dextrans and related polysaccharides, producing free D-glucose.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which an electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.


cellular response to estrogen stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = phenylacetate + NADH + H+.


translation at postsynapse

Translation that occurs at the postsynapse.


Catalysis of the transfer of a coenzyme A (CoA) group to 4-hydroxybutyrate.


palmitoyl-(protein) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-protein + H2O = palmitate + protein.


anterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.


positive regulation of shoot apical meristem development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.


catecholamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


specification of connecting tubule identity

The process in which the connecting tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


response to sucrose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.


Norrin signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of the cysteine knot protein Norrin to a Frizzled 4 (Fzd4) family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.


mesenchymal cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


L-tryptophan decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + tryptamine.


myoblast fate specification involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.


positive regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.


rhombomere 4 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


pseudohyphal septin ring assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form a tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection.


phlobaphene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.


negative regulation of Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway.


D-ribose 5-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-2 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


phosphatidylserine flippase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell within the dorsal ectoderm becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


leukotriene B4 receptor activity

Combining with leukotriene B4, LTB4, to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotriene B4 is also known as (6Z, 8E, 10E, 14Z)-(5S, 12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraen-1-oate.


tRNA-specific ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in tRNA molecules.


negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The directed movement of interneurons from the subpallium to the cortex during forebrain development.


semicircular canal morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the semicircular canals are generated and organized.


mitochondrial RNA modification

Any RNA modification that takes place in mitochondrion.


atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


plant organ morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a plant organ is generated and organized.


negative regulation of cornification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.


regulation of mucus secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acetylenedicarboxylate = CO2 + pyruvate.


positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.


spontaneous synaptic transmission

The low level of synaptic transmission that occurs via spontaneous neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft in the absence of a presynaptic action potential.


formaldehyde transketolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + formaldehyde = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone.


pigment cell precursor differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pigment cell precursor.


arthrospore formation

The formation of conidia by the conversion of a pre-existing hypha. An arthrospore is produced by the last cell on a hypha breaking off and dispersing. Usually the walls thicken and the cell(s) separates before swelling of each spore. Sometimes further septa form in each cell prior to disarticulation.


common myeloid progenitor cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of common myeloid progenitor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A common myeloid progenitor cell is a progenitor cell committed to the myeloid lineage.


circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone

The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system contributing to different values of blood pressure oscillating with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


DNA alpha-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.


positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.


vanillin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.


mitochondrial RNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


amygdalin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-amygdalin + H2O = (R)-prunasin + D-glucose.


membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis

The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain.


phosphate butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + phosphate = butanoyl phosphate + CoA.


aldo-keto reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NADP+ = an aldehyde or a ketone + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of growth of unicellular organism as a thread of attached cells

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which cells remain attached after division and form thread-like filaments that may penetrate into a solid growth medium.


response to pheromone regulating pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that regulates the process of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.


phytoene dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the dehydrogenation of phytoene to produce a carotenoid intermediate such as phytofluene.


peptidyl-dehydroalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine

The formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine from either peptidyl-tyrosine by phenyl transfer, or from peptidyl-serine, which is coupled with the formation of 5-imidazolinone by the two neighboring residues, produces an 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one active site of some amino acid ammonia-lyases; the 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one, is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the sequence ASG.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in gastrula mediolateral intercalation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributing to the interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


induction by virus of host cell-cell fusion

The process of syncytia-forming cell-cell fusion, caused by a virus.


growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.


negative regulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campesterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + H2O + NADP.


15-cis-phytoene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> 15-cis-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.


cardiac muscle cell-cardiac muscle cell adhesion

The attachment of one cardiomyocyte to another cardiomyocyte via adhesion molecules.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(L-gamma-glutamylamino)butanoate + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate.


vancomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.


negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.


positive regulation of keratinocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


aspartate binding

Binding to aspartate, the alpha-amino-acid anion of 2-aminobutanedioic acid that has formula C4H5NO4.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


response to p-xylene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a p-xylene stimulus.


regulation of border follicle cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.


larval lymph gland hemopoiesis

The production of blood cells from the larval lymph gland. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.


response to gibberellin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.


extracellular ATP signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of extracellular ATP.


steroid 17-alpha-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + AH2 + O2 = a 17a-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O.


pantetheine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine = ADP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


ossification involved in bone maturation

The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.


regulation of acrosome reaction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.


negative regulation of viral transcription

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylthiobutyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 4-methylthiobutyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


regulation of plant organ formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ formation.


hepaticobiliary system process

An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins.


inositol 3-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


cortical microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.


regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


deaminated glutathione amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(4-oxoglutarate)-L-cysteinylglycine + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + L-cysteinylglycine.


sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by sphingosine-1-phosphate binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


oleate peroxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oleate + a lipid hydroperoxide <=> 9,10-epoxystearate + a lipid alcohol.


myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.


detection of cytokinin stimulus

The series of events in which a cytokinin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH(2). Note that this reaction has only been observed to occur in the opposite direction.


carbazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.


closure of optic fissure

The closure of the temporary ventral gap in the optic cup that contributes to its shaping.


interleukin-1 beta production

The appearance of interleukin-1 beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


phorbol ester receptor activity

Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


double-stranded miRNA binding

Binding to double-stranded miRNA. double-stranded miRNA is formed by processing of pre-miRNA stem-loop structures.


4 iron, 3 sulfur cluster binding

Binding to a 4 iron, 3 sulfur (4Fe-3S) cluster, an uncommon iron-sulfur cluster with unique properties found in oxygen-tolerant Ni-Fe hydrogenases of various bacteria.


hydroxyethylthiazole kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + ATP = 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + ADP + 2 H+.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-23 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


verbascose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 stachyose <=> verbascose + raffinose.


retinal cone cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


cellular response to reactive nitrogen species

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive nitrogen species stimulus.


regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.


septin ring disassembly

The controlled breakdown of a septin ring.


prenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prenol + nucleoside triphosphate = prenyl phosphate + nucleoside diphosphate activity.


mRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an mRNA molecule.


(-)-lactol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-lactol + NAD <=> H+ + (-)-matairesinol + NADH.


mesonephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


response to prostaglandin E

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.


cell adhesion involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite in a neuron of the amphid sensory organ.


regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex

The binding of a peptide antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxidized lipoprotein particle stimulus.


regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.


detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


regulation of pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction.


G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding

Binding to a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits.


negative regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.


tensidol A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol A.


positive regulation of ascus development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.


negative regulation of ERBB signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an oligosaccharide.


epithelial-mesenchymal signaling involved in prostate gland development

Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted and contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


myosin II filament organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


wing disc pattern formation

The process giving rise to the pattern of cell differentiation in the wing imaginal disc.


negative regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = D-mannosyl undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP.


negative regulation of pharynx morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pharynx morphogenesis.


quercetin gentiobioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> quercetin-3-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+.


patchoulene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> diphosphoric acid + gamma-patchoulene.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the anterior/posterior pattern of the neural plate.


axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point.


negative regulation of toxin transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.


cardiac right ventricle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


gibberellin-15(closed lactone form),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3beta-hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A15 (closed lactone form) + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = gibberellin A37 (closed lactone form) + succinate + carbon dioxide.


photoreceptor cell development

Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light.


hyperosmotic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


negative regulation of antifungal innate immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.


osteoblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone.


coenzyme gamma-F420-2 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a coenzyme gamma-F420-2.


response to inorganic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.


cellular response to platinum ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.


positive regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.


embryonic placenta morphogenesis

The process in which the embryonic placenta is generated and organized.


cellular response to UV-B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.


methanofuran biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanofuran.


(+)-neomenthol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-neomenthol + NADP+ = (2S,5R)-menthone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = cyanin betaine + UDP.


envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


xylan O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a xylan= CoA + an acetylated xylan.


hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process that occurs in a hippocampal neuron.


positive regulation of eosinophil extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.


quercetin O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.


peptide cross-linking via L-cysteinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine

The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue N, a cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+2, a glycine, coupled with the formation of a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+1 which loses one hydrogen, and the loss of a molecule of water.


cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

The attachment of a cell to either a host cell or a microbial cell of the same species, or to an underlying host substrate, such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules, occurring during the formation of a biofilm in or on a host species.


regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.


microglial cell migration

The orderly movement of a microglial cell from one site to another.


aldosterone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of a hydroxylated derivative of mandelate (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetate).


posterior cibarial plate development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior cibarial plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


homologous chromosome orientation in meiotic metaphase I

The cell cycle process in which the sister centromeres and kinetochores of one chromosome are fused and orientated so the chromosomes attach to microtubules that emanate from the same spindle pole. This process ensures that homologous l chromosomes are segregated at anaphase of meiosis I.


proteasome storage granule disassembly

The disaggregation of a proteasome storage granule into its constituent components.


ureide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ureide, allantoin and allantoate, which are the organic forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants.


positive regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: aspulvinone E + 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = aspulvinone H + 2 diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = benzyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + H+ + NADPH.


ATPase-coupled arsenite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + arsenite(in) = ADP + phosphate + arsenite(out).


monocyte activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


appendage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


Catalysis of the reaction: sirohydrochlorin + Co2+ = cobalt-sirohydrochlorin + 2 H+.


negative regulation of Schwann cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.


peptidyl-serine O-glucuronidation

The O-glucuronidation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-D-glucuronyl-L-serine.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADP <=> (2E)-2-butylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADPH + H+.


peripheral tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the periphery.


DNA protection

Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress.


regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


endothelin maturation

The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of endothelin by conversion of Big-endothelin substrate into mature endothelin.


regulation of metanephric podocyte development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + 7-[(3S)-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)]-wyosine37 in tRNAPhe = succinate + carbon dioxide + 7-(2-hydroxy-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-wyosine37 in tRNAPhe.


antipodal cell differentiation

The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an antipodal cell.


glycine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine.


response to ozone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P.


sensory perception of hot stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a hot temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


cytoplasmic sequestering of protein

The selective interaction of a protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport into other areas of the cell.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-O-(glucosyl)-p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside] sinapoylglucose glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2'''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-p-coumaroyl)-2-O-(2-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-xylosyl)-beta-D-glucosyl]-5-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + trans-sinapate + H+.


negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


Bacillus subtilis ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides.


suppression by virus of host tetherin activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of host tetherin activity. Tetherin (also known as BST2) is an alpha interferon-inducible cellular factor that impairs the release of many enveloped viruses. By blocking tetherin activity, many viruses circumvent its antiviral effects.


oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylose residues from the reducing end of oligosaccharides.


acid-amino acid ligase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to an amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


endoribonuclease activity involved in viral induction of host mRNA catabolic process

Any endoribonuclease activity that contributes to the viral-induced catabolism of host mRNA.


phototransduction, UV

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 400 nanometers.


CDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-D-glucose = CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O.


nucleate erythrocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.


regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.


gibberellin A53,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity (GA97-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A53 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A97 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


lipoteichoic acid immune receptor activity

Combining with lipoteichoic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.


Catalysis of the reaction: castasterone + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> castasterone-23-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


negative regulation of embryonic development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.


regulation of endocytic recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol = UDP + N,N''-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(6)-succinyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-succinyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


amine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an amine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated amine.


vesicle uncoating

A protein depolymerization process that results in the disassembly of vesicle coat proteins.


imidazolonepropionase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid + H2O = N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H+.


regulation of anther dehiscence

Any process involved in the dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylglucosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylglucosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


plasma cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody.


acetyl-CoA transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


cannabinoid receptor activity

Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


sulfatide binding

Binding to sulfatide, also known as 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, SM4, or sulfated galactocerebroside. Sulfatide is a class of sulfoglycolipid, which are glycolipids that contain a sulfate group.


beta-nitroacrylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitropropanoate + NADP+ = 3-nitroacrylate + H+ + NADPH.


intracellular sodium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sodium ions within a cell.


positive regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.


cell-cell signaling involved in lung development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the lung, from its initial state to the mature structure.


iron incorporation into protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron

The incorporation of iron into a protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron (there is no exogenous sulfur, so this modification by itself does not produce an iron-sulfur protein).


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or stops the JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


type B pancreatic cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a type B pancreatic cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


organelle localization by membrane tethering

The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + protein alpha-D-glucosyl-1,2-beta-D-galactosyl-L-hydroxylysine = protein beta-D-galactosyl-L-hydroxylysine + beta-D-glucose. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzes glucose from alpha-D-glucosyl- (1->2)-beta-D-galactosyl disaccharide units that are linked to hydroxylysine residues of collagen and collagen-like proteins.


biological process involved in interaction with host

An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.


negative regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.


positive regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.


response to phenylalanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.


[3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate.


response to triterpenoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triterpenoid stimulus.


negative regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.


8C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 8C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + 2 H+.


response to clopidogrel

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clopidogrel stimulus. Clopidogrel is a is an oral, thienopyridine-class antiplatelet agent used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease.


cytochrome biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cytochrome.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-galacturonate = CO2 + UDP-L-arabinose.


vesicle fusion with vacuole

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole.


formaldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent.


C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 sterol decarboxylase) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxy-4-beta-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-4-alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-one + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.


negative regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to iron ion starvation.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


swim bladder maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a swim bladder to attain its fully functional state. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


methanol oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of methanol to methyl-Coenzyme M.


toluene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + toluene = (1S,2R)-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+.


protein-glutamine glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamine + H2O = protein L-glutamate + NH3.


medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a medium-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesonephros development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the mesonephros over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


positive regulation of phenotypic switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


demethylkotanin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of demethylkotanin.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O.


serotonin biosynthetic process from tryptophan

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation from tryptophan of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions

The process in which neurons interact with each other to promote migration along a tangential plane.


regulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


phytochromobilin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha.


protein nucleotidylation

The addition of a nucleotide to a protein amino acid.


non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.


regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.


regulation of penetration hypha formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


multiple spine synapse organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and one or more dendritic spines.


s-triazine compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.


adult walking behavior

The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


type B pancreatic cell maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


anterior head segmentation

Partitioning the insect head anlage into procephalic (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) segments. The procephalic segments lie anterior to the gnathal (posterior head) segments, and are pattered by different segmentation gene cascades to the abdominal, thoracic and posterior head (gnathal) segments.


succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = succinate + NADPH + 2 H+.


L-lysine 6-monooxygenase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NADPH + O2 = N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + H2O + NADP+.


placental growth factor receptor activity

Combining with placental growth factor (PlGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


vistamycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vistamycin.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate L-pipecolate.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid halide bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid halide bond.


demethoxycurcumin synthase activity from feruloylacetyl-CoA

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloylacetyl-CoA + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O = demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


negative regulation of G0 to G1 transition

A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.


neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation from a neural crest cell to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


atrial cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to atrial cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


T-helper 2 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.


arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.


esculetin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


ferulate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ferulate.


modulation by virus of host cytokine production

Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-alpha-D-mannosyl)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP.


bicarbonate binding

Binding to bicarbonate ions (CHO3-).


regulation protein catabolic process at synapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the synapse.


4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).


type I interferon receptor activity

Combining with a type I interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


positive regulation of starch catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-27 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.


cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.


diorcinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diorcinol.


mesonephric glomerular basement membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the mesonephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.


Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming an alpha-1,6-D-xylosyl-D-glucose linkage.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by chemo-mechanical energy conversion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by regulating force and velocity of shortening. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through formation of cross bridges. The shortening leads to reduction of length of muscle fiber and sarcomeres.


basal dendrite development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a basal dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of motor neuron migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


viral release via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell, caused by a virus stopping, preventing, or reducing peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.


Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine in DNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine as formaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + delta2,5-3,4,4-trimethylpimelyl-CoA.


quercetin 3-glucoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


EGAD pathway

The protein catabolic pathway which selectively extracts ER-resident membrane proteins exported to the Golgi and endosomes for degradation by cytosolic proteasomes. It begins with phosphorylation of the ER-resident membrane protein, which triggers export of the protein from the ER to the Golgi and endosomes, followed by polyubiquitination by the Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and extraction of the ubiquitinated target, and ends with proteasomal degradation.


regulation of blastocyst development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blastocyst development.


positive regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.


ATPase-coupled organic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + organic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + organic acid(in/out).


benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.


negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


glycine N-benzoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H+.


seed trichome initiation

The process in which the developmental fate of an epidermal cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a seed trichome, causing a change in the orientation of cell division in the ovule epidermis at or just before anthesis.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.


retinoic acid binding

Binding to retinoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid.


benzoyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoyl-CoA.