aflatoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.


ring gland development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Progression of the ring gland over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The ring gland is a neuroendocrine organ found in higher Dipterans, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiacum. The ring gland is the site of production and release of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones.


negative regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.


peripheral mammary gland bud epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell of the mammary placode becomes an epithelial cell at the periphery of the mammary gland bud. Cells at the periphery of the bud are larger that those of the surrounding epithelium and are arranged concentrically.


hepatoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hepatoblast. A hepatoblast is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.


non-photoreactive DNA repair

A DNA repair process that is involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: (EE)-geranyllinalool + NADPH + O2 = 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C18-farnesylacetone and then cleaved to produce 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) and acetone.


1,3-dichloropropene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving members of the 1,3-dichloropropene family, which includes cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. The 1,3-dichloropropenes are chlorinated hydrocarbons and the major active ingredients of commercial products for control of plant-parasitic nematodes.


LPPG:FO 2-phospho-L-lactate transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + lactyl-2-diphospho-5'-guanosine = coenzyme F420-0 + GMP.


regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


orcinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.


butyryl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA.


positive regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


benzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.


trans-feruloyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + trans-ferulate = (E)-feruloyl-CoA + ADP + phosphate.


DCT cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + putrescine = N-carbamoylputrescine + H+ + phosphate.


spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.


astaxanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of astaxanthin.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a trans-methoxy-C60-meroacyl-[acp] <=> diphosphoric acid + a trans-methoxy-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


aecium development

The process in which a cup-like structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed. This is characteristic of the rust fungus and typically, the first dikaryotic spores (aeciospores) are produced in the aecium.


positive regulation of lipid storage

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


negative regulation of transdifferentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.


regulation of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemotaxis to arachidonic acid.


petal formation

The process that gives rise to the petal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


monoamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RCH2NHR' + H2O + O2 = RCHO + R'NH2 + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + H2O = naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.


[ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase]-N6-methyl-L-lysine.


cellular response to peptidoglycan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.


L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + NAD+ = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.


pyrimidine-containing compound salvage

Any process that generates a pyrimidine-containing compound, a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


dehydroaustinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dehydroaustinol.


tryptophan binding

Binding to 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


alkene binding

Binding to an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.


endothelial cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


primary alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


CAT tailing

The C-terminal elongation of 60S-anchored stalled nascent polypeptide chains with untemplated alanine and threonine tails (CAT tails). CAT tails participate in the recognition of stalled nascent chains by the ribosome quality control sytem.


biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-4 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ER overload response

The series of molecular signals initiated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.


response to aluminum ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.


RNA secondary structure unwinding

The process in which a secondary structure of RNA are broken or 'melted'.


dGMP binding

Binding to dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate.


endocannabinoid signaling pathway involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling

Any endocannabinoid signaling pathway that is involved in retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid.


negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


regulation of cortisol secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.


positive regulation of abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid = 3-geranyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphoric acid.


cellular hyperosmotic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


mevalonate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ADP + 2 H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate + H2O = AMP + NH4+. Other substrates include AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester and AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester.


negative regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + CDP-diacylglycerol = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + CMP + H+.


tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation.


disruption by symbiont of host focal adhesion

The process by which a symbiont disupts host focal adhesion in its host.


mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


mitomycin C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mitomycin C.


establishment of mitochondrion localization, microtubule-mediated

The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location, by a process involving microtubules.


adhesion of symbiont spore to host

The attachment of a spore of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone + NAD+ = 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + NADH.


reversible differentiation

A phenotypic switching process where a cell reversibly differentiates and dedifferentiates from one cell type into another.


coenzyme F420-dependent N5,N10-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme F420 + H+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420.


ionotropic bitter taste receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific bitter compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H2O + NAD+ = (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + 2 H+ + NADH.


colon smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry of the large intestine, exclusive of the rectum. The colon is that part of the large intestine that connects the small intestine to the rectum.


nuclear receptor corepressor activity

A transcription corepressor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound nuclear receptor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Nuclear receptor corepressors often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription nuclear receptor corepressors modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H+ + triphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H2O + NAD+ = 4-sulfobenzoate + 2 H+ + NADH.


regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.


exocytic insertion of neurotransmitter receptor to plasma membrane

The exocytic fusion of neurotransmitter receptor-containing vesicles with plasma membrane, resulting in the integration of neurotransmitter receptors into the plasma membrane. This process includes tethering and docking steps that prepare vesicles for fusion.


positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


positive regulation of AV node cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential.


polarity specification of dorsal/ventral axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the dorsal/ventral axis.


L-asparagine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-asparagine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-asparagine is the L-enantiomer of alpha-aminosuccinamic acid.


UDP-glucose: 4-methylthiobutylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 4-methylthiobutylhydroximate <=> H+ + 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


orlandin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orlandin.


positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.


aspartate 4-decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = L-alanine + CO2.


MAP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase; a family of protein kinases that perform a crucial step in relaying signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. They are activated by a wide range of proliferation- or differentiation-inducing signals; activation is strong with agonists such as polypeptide growth factors and tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but weak (in most cell backgrounds) by stress stimuli.


negative regulation of relaxation of muscle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.


isopentenyl adenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.


DNA-binding transcription activator activity

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that activates or increases transcription of specific gene sets.


polyacyltrehalose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyacyltrehalose, a pentaacylated, trehalose-based glycolipid.


cytidylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a cytidylyl group to an acceptor.


negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


secondary cell wall biogenesis involved in seed trichome differentiation

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall of seed trichomes after cell expansion is complete.


negative regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.


histone H2A ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H2A substrate.


response to arsenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus.


dGDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).


solanine UDP-galactose galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + solanidine = H+ + gamma-solanine + UDP.


regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.


juvenile hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


Swi5-Sfr1 complex binding

Binding to a Swi5-Sfr1 complex.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-34 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate metabolic process

Regulation of the chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.


cyclomaltodextrinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + cyclomaltodextrin = linear maltodextrin.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.


regulation of starch metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.


serine-pyruvate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + pyruvate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + L-alanine.


cellular response to brassinosteroid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.


mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] + D-mannitol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + D-fructose + 2 H+.


stemar-13-ene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = stemar-13-ene + diphosphate.


cellular response to sterol depletion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


thioacetamide S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S-oxide + H2O.


response to gold nanoparticle

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold nanoparticle stimulus.


spindle pole body-led chromosome movement during mitotic interphase

A microtubule-based process in which chromosomes migrate as a result of rapid spindle pole body (SPB) and centrosome oscillations during mitotic interphase.


L-allo-threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-allo-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.


negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


meiotic S phase

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a meiotic cell cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + calmodulin L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + calmodulin N6-methyl-L-lysine.


sorocarp morphogenesis

The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


isocitrate epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-threo-isocitrate = D-erythro-isocitrate.


peptidyl-leucine modification

The modification of peptidyl-leucine.


regulation of T cell costimulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.


S-formylglutathione hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-formylglutathione + H2O = formate + glutathione + H+.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.


pronephros development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


regulation of renal system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system.


boss receptor activity

Combining with a protein bride of sevenless (boss) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl phosphate + UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine <=> N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UMP.


xylogalacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted on C-3 with beta-D-xylopyranose residues.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.


2-ethylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (R)-2-ethylmalate + CoA + H+.


chitin disaccharide deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-[2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + H2O = 2-(acetylamino)-4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose + acetate.


lateral cortical node assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a lateral cortical node.


Viteagnusin D synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + viteagnusin D.


cellular response to Aroclor 1254

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an Aroclor 1254 stimulus.


compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.


Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and a ventricular cardiac muscle cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


phosphorelay signal transduction system

A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins.


bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bicarbonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Bicarbonate is the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3-.


D-serine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


autotransporter activity

Transports a passenger protein from the periplasm to the external milieu; the passenger protein and the porin are the N- and C-terminal regions of the same protein, respectively.


maintenance of cell number

Any process by which the numbers of cells of a particular type or in a tissue are maintained.


negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity by peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

A peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation that results in negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.


response to jasmonic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.


regulation of membrane hyperpolarization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.


beta2-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta2-adrenergic receptors.


coenzyme F390-A hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F390-A = AMP + coenzyme F420.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N6-methyladenine.


tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine.


low-density lipoprotein particle disassembly involved in cholesterol transport

The disassembly into constituent parts of the low-density lipoprotein particle in the lysosome that contributes to cholesterol transport.


negative regulation of cell fate commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


vascular cord development

The progression of the vascular cord over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis.


cyclopentanol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclopentanol.


ceramide floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of ceramide from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


regulation of tube size

Ensuring that a tube is of the correct length and diameter. Tube size must be maintained not only during tube formation, but also throughout development and in some physiological processes.


cellular response to ciliary neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.


positive regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt-activated signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-N-acetylglucosamine = [acyl-carrier protein] + UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine.


glucuronoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.


negative regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4a-hydroxypterin = (6R)-6-(L-erythro-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-pterin + H2O.


focal adhesion disassembly

The disaggregation of a focal adhesion into its constituent components. A focal adhesion is a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also functions as a locus of signal transduction activity.


development of secondary sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, testicular/penile enlargement, breast development and menstrual periods. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.


histone H2AXY142 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX-tyrosine (position 142) + ATP = (histone H2AX-phosphotyrosine (position 142) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 142 of histone variant H2AX.


isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isocitrate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH.


acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.


fat-soluble vitamin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.


protein homotetramerization

The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R + UDP-galactose = alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R + UDP.


detoxification of arsenic-containing substance

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of arsenic or arsenic-containing compounds.


stress granule disassembly

The disaggregation of a stress granule into its constituent protein and RNA parts.


flower structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the flower. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylthioheptyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 7-methylthioheptyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


apoptotic process involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling

Any apoptotic process that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.


response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a low fluence blue light stimulus by the blue low-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue low-fluence system responds to blue light at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. In certain species excitation of the blue low fluence system induces the transcription of a number of nuclear and plastid coded genes.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


positive regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


response to deep water

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a deep water stimulus, being immersed in standing deep water throughout the life cycle.


taxifolin 8-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: taxifolin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2,3-dihydrogossypetin + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


chlorophyll(ide) b reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 71-hydroxychlorophyll(ide) a + NAD(P)+ = chlorophyll(ide) b + NAD(P)H + H+.


regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


adrenal chromaffin cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an adrenal chromaffin cell. An adrenal chromaffin cell is a neuroendocrine cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles.


detection of disaccharide stimulus

The series of events in which a stimulus from a disaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.


3-methylquinoline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.


striatum development

The progression of the striatum over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The striatum is a region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.


optic vesicle morphogenesis

The developmental process pertaining to the formation and shaping of the optic vesicle. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.


steroid receptor RNA activator RNA binding

Binding to a steroid receptor RNA activator RNA (SRA). SRA enhances steroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity as an RNA transcript by an indirect mechanism that does not involve SRA-steroid receptor binding.


ent-kaurene oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + ent-kaur-16-ene + oxygen = H2O + NADP+ + ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine + H2O = D-galactosyl-3-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine + L-serine.


negative regulation of exit from meiosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exit from meiosis.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutaminyl-[protein] + L-lysyl-[protein] = [protein]-L-lysyl-N(6)-5-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4+. This reaction is the formation of the N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine isopeptide, resulting in cross-linking polypeptide chains; the gamma-carboxamide groups of peptidyl-glutamine residues act as acyl donors, and the 6-amino-groups of peptidyl-lysine residues act as acceptors, to give intra- and intermolecular N6-(5-glutamyl)lysine cross-links.


carbamoyl-serine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-carbamoyl-L-serine + H2O + H+ = CO2 + 2 NH4 + pyruvate.


negative regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide D-glucose = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide 6-(glycerophospho)-D-glucose.


glucosinolate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


fructosamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 1,3 diaminopropane

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 1,3 diaminopropane.


N-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal aspartic acid of proteins; catalyzed by aspartate N-acetyltransferase.


intestinal epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine mature as they migrate from the intestinal crypt to the villus.


pharyngeal muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.


dGDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).


purine imidazole-ring cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: DNA 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine = DNA adenine + H2O.


O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in programmed cell death

The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of a programmed cell death process.


podocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells.


acetate ester metabolic process involved in fermentation

Any acetate ester metabolic process that is involved in fermentation.


smooth muscle adaptation

Any process in which smooth muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


cerebroside transfer activity

Directly binding to a cerebroside and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


O-octanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an octanoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


arabinan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


creatinine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: creatinine + H2O = N-methylhydantoin + NH3.


nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acidfrom one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion import across the plasma membrane.


magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + magnesium protoporphyrin IX = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester.


mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.


muscular septum morphogenesis

The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum.


structural constituent of skin epidermis

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an epidermal cutaneous structure.


organic heteropentacyclic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic heteropentacyclic compound.


imaginal disc-derived female genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


mitotic spindle microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule that is part of the mitotic spindle.


ribitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.


carotene beta-ring hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = C3-hydroxylated carotene + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O. This is a general reaction to represent the C3 hydroxylation of the beta ring of a carotene.


lactate fermentation to propionate and acetate

The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of lactate to propionate, concomitant with the oxidation of lactate to acetate and CO2 and yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


nerve growth factor receptor activity

Combining with nerve growth factor (NGF), to prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, or to initiate a change in cell activity.


propionate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoate = ADP + propanoyl phosphate.


positive regulation of meiotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that increases the rate or exent of meiotic sister chromatid arm separation, the cell cycle process in which sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis.


colon epithelial cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a colon epithelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


response to antibiotic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.


condensed mesenchymal cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a condensed mesenchymal cell population. A condensed mesenchymal cell population is a population of adherent mesenchymal cells.


mannosylglycerate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.


membrane repolarization during action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


tellurite methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to tellurite [TeO3(2-)]. Methylated derivatives of tellurite include Te(CH3)2 (dimethyltelluride) and Te2(CH3)2 (dimethylditelluride).


modulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.


regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system process

A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-adenylyl sulfate + NH4 = adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate + 2 H+ + sulfate.


phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin. Thioredoxin disulfide is the oxidized form of thioredoxin; 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate is also known as PAPS.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in Purkinje myocyte action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of a Purkinje myocyte contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


acetate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate = ADP + acetyl phosphate.


killing of cells of another organism

Any process in an organism that results in the killing of cells of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.


autoinducer-2 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione + ATP = 5-phospho-4-hydroxy-pentane-2,3-dione (P-DPD) + ADP.


peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation

The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine.


ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + inorganic anion(out) = ADP + phosphate + inorganic anion(in).


acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein]= 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H+.


tooth eruption

The tooth development process in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible.


phylloquinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phylloquinone, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants. Phylloquinone has vitamin K activity and is known as vitamin K1.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucosinolate(out) + H+(out) = glucosinolate(in) + H+(in).


convergent extension involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which the wing epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis.


mitotic metaphase

The cell cycle phase, following prophase, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


enkephalin processing

The formation of mature enkephalin, a pentapeptide hormone involved in regulating pain and nociception in the body by proteolytic processing of enkephalin propeptide.


thebaine 6-O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thebaine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> neopinone + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


rostrocaudal neural tube patterning

The process in which the neural tube is divided into specific regions along the rostrocaudal axis.


positive regulation of galactomannan catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.


germinal center formation

The process in which germinal centers form. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.


amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.


rhombomere 7 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


cardiac cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to specific cardiac cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac cells. Cardiac cells are cells that comprise the organ which pumps blood through the circulatory system.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate.


right lung development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a right lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the right lung and ends with the mature structure. The right lung is the lung which is on the right side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.


horizontal gene transfer

The introduction of genetic information into a cell to create a genetically different individual, without production of new individuals.


Group III intron splicing

The splicing of Group III introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group III introns, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions begun by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat. Though very similar in structure and mechanism to Group II introns, Group III introns are smaller and more streamlined and the splice site consensus sequences are not as well conserved.


embryonic camera-type eye formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a camera-type eye from unspecified neurectoderm. This process begins with the differentiation of cells that form the optic field and ends when the optic cup has attained its shape.


response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a denervation stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


3-formylsalicylate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formylsalicylic acid + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid + hydrogen peroxide.


ferrochelatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: heme B (protoheme) + H+ = Fe(2+) + protoporphyrin IX.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.


Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from N-nitrosodimethylamine.


transcription antitermination factor activity, DNA binding

Binds to DNA, typically within region of the promoter and transcribed region, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind DNA include the lambda Q protein.


cell proliferation in bone marrow

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the bone marrow.


lycopene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lycopene.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + an anthocyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside).


proestrus

The estrous cycle phase in which there is heightened follicular activity.


carbon-nitrogen lyase activity

Catalysis of the release of ammonia or one of its derivatives, with the formation of a double bond or ring. Enzymes with this activity may catalyze the actual elimination of the ammonia, amine or amide, e.g. CH-CH(-NH-R) = C=CH- + NH2-R. Others, however, catalyze elimination of another component, e.g. water, which is followed by spontaneous reactions that lead to breakage of the C-N bond, e.g. L-serine ammonia-lyase (EC:4.3.1.17), so that the overall reaction is C(-OH)-CH(-NH2) = CH2-CO- + NH3, i.e. an elimination with rearrangement. The sub-subclasses of EC:4.3 are the ammonia-lyases (EC:4.3.1), lyases acting on amides, amidines, etc. (EC:4.3.2), the amine-lyases (EC:4.3.3), and other carbon-nitrogen lyases (EC:4.3.99).


positive regulation of astrocyte activation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.


quaternary ammonium group binding

Binding to a quaternary ammonium group, including glycine betaine, choline, carnitine and proline. A quaternary ammonium group is any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.


hamamelose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-hamamelose + ATP = D-hamamelose 2'-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


T cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a T cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin.


negative regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.


sour taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble sour compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of sour taste.


regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.


(-)-menthol monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 1,4-menthane-3,8-diol + H2O + NADP+.


negative regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.


short-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a short-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. A short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


leukocyte tethering or rolling

Transient adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating leukocytes bind selectins on the vessel wall causing the leukocytes to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between selectins and their ligands. Typically the first step in cellular extravasation (the movement of leukocytes out of the circulatory system, towards the site of tissue damage or infection).


effector-mediated modulation of host defenses by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


stearoyl-[acp] desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + a stearoyl-[acp] + a reduced ferredoxin = 2 H2O + an oleoyl-[acp] + an oxidized ferredoxin.


negative regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.


L-dopa biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-dopa.


ganglioside GM2 binding

Binding to ganglioside GM2.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-demethylrebeccamycin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + rebeccamycin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


serine phosphorylation of STAT protein

The process of introducing a phosphate group to a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


heart formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


phosphotransferase activity, nitrogenous group as acceptor

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a nitrogenous group (acceptor).


somite specification

The process in which individual somites establish identity during embryogenesis.


cranial nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


shikimate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + NAD+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADH + H+.


regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + deacetoxyvindoline + H+.


negative regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis.


alanine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + H2O + NAD+ = pyruvate + NH3 + NADH + H+.


response to interferon-alpha

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.


negative regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


embryonic liver development

The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cheating during chimeric sorocarp development

Any process during chimeric sorocarp development that increases by which a cell increases the number of spore cells sharing its genotype at the expense of cells of other genotypes.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


female analia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the female over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


mandelate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.


blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the self-limited process linking exposure and activation of tissue factor to the activation of clotting factor X.


positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate.


cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid

The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid aspartate ester, typical of the barley lipid transfer protein 1.


metanephric glomerular epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


protein cis-autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues.


specification of sepal identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires sepal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of magnesium (Mg) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


rRNA (uridine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyluridine.


regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

Any process that modulates blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.


nitroglycerin reductase activity

Catalysis of the removal of one or more nitrite (NO2-) groups from nitroglycerin or a derivative.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-E-beta-caryophyllene + diphosphate.


modulation by symbiont of host erythrocyte aggregation

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte aggregation in its host organism, e.g. the binding of parasite-infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes.


citrate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of citrate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyanthranilate + O2 = 6-imino-5-oxocyclohexa-1,3-dienecarboxylate + H2O2.


nicotinamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide + H2O = nicotinate + NH3.


trichloroethylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.


fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite monooxygenase (deformylase) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = formate + 2 H+ + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite.


nitric oxide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, from one side of a membrane to the other.


ergothioneine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ergothioneine from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of intracellular lipid transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.


negative regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

Any process that stops or prevents the correct R8 cell spacing pattern in a compound eye.


Catalysis of the reduction of a peptide-linked oxazoline to oxazole.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = CO2 + H+ + mugineate + succinate.


tectospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the superior colliculus of the midbrain towards target cells in the ventral spinal cord.


response to decane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decane stimulus.


proacrosomal vesicle fusion

Fusion of the membrane of proacrosomal vesicle with the membrane of another proacrosomal vesicle to form the acrosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-D-fucose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+ + NADPH.


G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


saccharopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine to release an amino acid (lysine or glutamate), with the concomitant reduction of an electron acceptor.


regulation of myofibril size

Any process that modulates the size of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.


adaptive thermogenesis

The regulated production of heat in response to short term environmental changes, such as stress, diet or reduced temperature.


actin filament debranching

An actin filament severing process that results in the removal of actin filament branches specifically at the branch points.


W-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


preassembly of GPI anchor in ER membrane

The stepwise addition of the components of the GPI anchor on to phosphatidylinositol lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-hexaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate.


formin-nucleated actin cable organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a formin-nucleated actin cable.


rolling circle double-stranded viral DNA replication

A rolling circle viral DNA replication that begins with a double-stranded viral DNA genome.


malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl (HOOC-CH2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


response to thyroxine

A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.


germacradienol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = (1E,4S,5E,7R)-germacra-1(10),5-dien-11-ol + diphosphate.


inner cell mass cell proliferation

The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass.


regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.


genital disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the genital disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a genital imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult genital structures, the anal plates and the hind gut.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: CoQH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c = CoQ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.


11-cis retinal binding

Binding to 11-cis retinal, an isomer of retinal that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. 11-cis retinal combines with opsin in the rods (scotopsin) to form rhodopsin or visual purple. Retinal is one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.


uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar, releasing a free base and leaving an apyrimidinic (AP) site. Enzymes with this activity recognize and remove uracil bases in DNA that result from the deamination of cytosine or the misincorporation of dUTP opposite an adenine.


Rab protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


[isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) = ADP + (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)) phosphate.


peptidyl-lysine succinylation

The modification of a peptidyl-lysine residue by the addition of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) to form N6-succinyl-L-lysine.


MHC class II receptor activity

Combining with an MHC class II protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


5' overhang single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within 5' overhang single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + ubiquinone + 5 H+(in) <=> NAD+ + ubiquinol + 4 H+(out).


glycerate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-glycerate + NAD+ = hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+.


vanillin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + vanillin = 2 H+ + NADH + vanillate.


myeloid leukocyte cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid cell.


post-embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine; the residue may be found at the first position in the sequence motif C-X-X-(SAQCMT)* where the second and third positions are usually aliphatic.


ABC-type capsular-polysaccharide transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + capsular polysaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + capsular polysaccharide(out).


G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


renal vesicle progenitor cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the renal vesicle progenitor cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. A renal vesicle progenitor cell is a cell that will give rise to terminally differentiated cells of the renal vesicle without self-renewing.


negative regulation of adaptive immune memory response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.


homocysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.


ligand-gated monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic cation by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


negative regulation of cytokinesis, site selection

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.


serine-type aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


outflow tract septum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract.


heat dissipation

Any homeostatic process in which an organism releases excess heat to the environment, thereby lowering its internal temperature.


callose deposition in phloem sieve plate

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, phloem sieve plate. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


mitochondrial depolarization

The process in which the potential difference across the mitochondrial membrane is reduced from its steady state level.


acyl glucuronidation

The modification of an substrate by the conjugation of glucuronic acid to form an acyl-glucuronide (also called an acyl-glucuronoside).


regulation of dense core granule biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dense core granule biogenesis.


post-embryonic pelvic fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.


Catalysis of the ATP-dependent dehydration of t6A to form cyclic t6A.


salivary gland boundary specification

Determination of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.


pons formation

The process that gives rise to the pons. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-).


ether lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.


calcium-dependent protein kinase activity

Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: estrogen + donor-H2 + O2 = 16-alpha-hydroxyestrogen + H2O.


5(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-HETE + NADP+ = 5-oxo-ETE + NADPH + H+.


muconate cycloisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = cis,cis-hexadienedioate.


11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD(P)+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NAD(P)H + H+.


secalciferol 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] + secalciferol = calcitetrol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


polymannuronate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the D-mannuronide linkages of polymannuronate.


urea metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.


futile creatine cycle

The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of creatine in a futile cycle, which dissipates the high energy charge of phosphocreatine as heat without performing any mechanical or chemical work. The futile creatine cycle takes place in thermogenic fat cells and is part of adaptive thermogenesis.


N-carbamoylsarcosine amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoylsarcosine + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + NH4 + sarcosine.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.


Catalysis of the formation of delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine from constituent amino acids and ATP in the presence of magnesium ions and dithioerythritol.


sulfonylurea receptor activity

Combining with sulfonylurea, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


alpha-keto amide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-keto amide + 2 H+ (from donor) = (R)-hydroxy amide. Alpha-keto amides are of the form R-CO-CONH2, where R may be aromatic or aliphatic.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


positive regulation of estradiol secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.


positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoyl CoA + chloride.


ABC-type D-xylose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-xylose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-xylose(in).


histone H3-K4 demethylation, trimethyl-H3-K4-specific

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from a trimetylated lysine at position 4 of the histone.


negative regulation of nervous system development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.


regulation of viral genome replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


phytol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.


syncytium formation by mitosis without cytokinesis

The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by one or more rounds of nuclear division without cytokinesis.


plasmalogen synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-O-alk-1-enyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine = CoA + plasmenylcholine.


nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity, against a concentration gradient

Enables the transfer of a nucleoside, from one side of a membrane to the other, up a concentration gradient.


protein localization to basal ectoplasmic specialization

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a basal ectoplasmic specialization.


fibroblast growth factor receptor apoptotic signaling pathway

An apoptotic signaling pathway that starts with a ligand binding to, or being withdrawn from, a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR).


hepatocyte dedifferentiation

The process in which a hepatocyte (specialized epithelial cell of the liver) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


NLRP6 inflammasome complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a NLRP6 inflammasome complex.


regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


regulation of primitive erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of primitive erythrocyte differentiation. Primitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.


sesquiterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.


cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


beta-L-arabinosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a beta-L-arabinoside = L-arabinose + an alcohol.


germarium-derived egg chamber formation

Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


defecation rhythm

The rhythmic process of defecation that consists of an intestinal oscillator which regulates calcium waves. These waves in turn control a stereotypical, three-part pattern of muscle contractions. In some organisms, defecation can recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours. For example, in a well-fed Caenorhabditis elegans, the defecation motor program occurs approximately every 45 seconds, and is temperature- and touch-compensated.


modulation by symbiont of ethylene levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of ethylene in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation

The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis in a mitochondrion.


regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.


beak formation

The process that gives rise to the beak. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.


3,5-xylenol methylhydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxytoluene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol.


all-trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate = 5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate.


melanocyte migration

The orderly movement of melanocytes from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A melanocyte is a pigment cell derived from the neural crest. It contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which give a brown to black appearance.


larval locomotory behavior

Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.


proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism

Enables the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.


rhombomere 2 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 2 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


[chondroitin sulfate]-D-glucuronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + [chondroitin-sulfate]-beta-D-glucuronate = adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + [chondroitin-sulfate]-2-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucuronate.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


potassium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of potassium ions within an organism or cell.


bile-acid 7alpha-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oate = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oate + H2O.


positive regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding

Binding to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor.


tyramine-beta hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of tyramine to form octopamine.


positive regulation of mitotic centrosome separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.


protein localization involved in acrosome reaction

The actin-based process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the sperm as part of the acrosome reaction.


translation factor activity, non-nucleic acid binding

A translation regulator activity that does not involve binding to nucleic acids.


AMP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H2O = IMP + NH3.


pyrimidine ribonucleotide binding

Binding to a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


thermospermine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methioninamine + spermidine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+.


protein localization to chloroplast starch grain

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a chloroplast starch grain.


seed development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A seed is a propagating organ formed in the sexual reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, consisting of a protective coat enclosing an embryo and food reserves.


negative regulation of cerebral blood circulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cerebral blood circulation.


box C/D RNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small RNA transcript into a mature box C/D RNA.


RNA localization to nucleus

A macromolecular localization process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a location within the nucleus.


positive regulation of adult somatic muscle development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.


negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.


cellular response to bacteriocin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.


epinephrine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


response to dietary excess

The physiological process in which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure.


Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in osteoblast differentiation.


regulation of astrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


membrane hyperpolarization

The process in which membrane potential increases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more negative potential. For example, during the repolarization phase of an action potential the membrane potential often becomes more negative or hyperpolarized before returning to the steady-state resting potential.