apoptotic process

A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.


cell death

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).


IRON-SULFUR CLUSTER ASSEMBLY ENZYME  NIFU HOMOLOG


IRON-SULFUR CLUSTER ASSEMBLY ENZYME ISCU, MITOCHONDRIAL


cation binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to a cation, a charged atom or group of atoms with a net positive charge.


ferrous iron binding

Binding to a ferrous iron ion, Fe(II).


iron-sulfur cluster binding

Binding to an iron-sulfur cluster, a combination of iron and sulfur atoms.


iron ion binding

Binding to an iron (Fe) ion.


transition metal ion binding

Binding to a transition metal ions; a transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.


metal ion binding

Binding to a metal ion.


inorganic ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell.


intracellular iron ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of iron ions within a cell.


intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic cations within a cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom.


monoatomic cation homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic cations within an organism or cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom.


intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic ions within a cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.


cellular homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.


intracellular chemical homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within a cell.


monoatomic ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic ions within an organism or cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.


MEIOSIS EXPRESSED GENE 1 PROTEIN HOMOLOG


C-TYPE LECTIN DOMAIN FAMILY 18 MEMBER A-RELATED


CYSTEINE-RICH SECRETORY PROTEIN LCCL DOMAIN-CONTAINING 2


GOLGI-ASSOCIATED PLANT PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEIN 1


CYSTEINE-RICH SECRETORY PROTEIN LCCL DOMAIN-CONTAINING 1


cell recognition

The process in which a cell in an organism interprets its surroundings.


fertilization

The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


single fertilization

The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote.


sperm-egg recognition

The initial contact step made between the sperm plasma membrane and outer layer of the egg during fertilization.


binding of sperm to zona pellucida

The process in which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place.


cell-cell recognition

Cell recognition between cells. May involve the formation of specialized cell junctions.


ZINC FINGER SWIM DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


ZINC FINGER SWIM DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 3


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 48


INACTIVE UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 17-LIKE PROTEIN 4-RELATED


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 47


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 26


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 13


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 36


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 46


UBL CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 18-RELATED


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE FAF-X-RELATED


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 30


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 10


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 38


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 42


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 35


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 34


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 28


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 24


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 40


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE FAF-Y-RELATED


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 37


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 12


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 29


UBIQUITIN CARBOXYL-TERMINAL HYDROLASE 25


cysteine-type peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


ubiquitin-like protein peptidase activity

An isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (ULP; e.g. ATG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO) from target proteins.


deubiquitinase activity

An isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.


cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity

An thiol-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


protein modification by small protein removal

A protein modification process in which one or more covalently attached groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are removed from a target protein.


protein deubiquitination

The removal of one or more ubiquitin groups from a protein.


mitotic cell cycle phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next mitotic cell cycle phase.


cell cycle G1/S phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase.


cell cycle phase transition

The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next cell cycle phase.


G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated.


molecular function activator activity

A molecular function regulator that activates or increases the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target.


signaling receptor activator activity

The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased.


receptor ligand activity

The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands).


signaling receptor regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor.


protein kinase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


protein kinase regulator activity

Modulates the activity of a protein kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a protein.


enzyme activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme.


kinase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a kinase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


activation of protein kinase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase.


BIOGENESIS OF LYSOSOME-RELATED ORGANELLES COMPLEX 1 SUBUNIT 1


endosomal transport

The directed movement of substances mediated by an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials enclosed in the lumen or located in the endosomal membrane.


external side of plasma membrane

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


side of membrane

A cellular component consisting of one leaflet of a membrane bilayer and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell.


regulation of T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.


positive regulation of lymphocyte activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


positive regulation of leukocyte activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


regulation of cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


response to molecule of bacterial origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.


negative regulation of T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


response to oxygen-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.


negative regulation of T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.


cellular response to biotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.


response to lipopolysaccharide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.


negative regulation of leukocyte activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


negative regulation of cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.


positive regulation of cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation.


cellular response to lipopolysaccharide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.


negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.


response to lipid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.


positive regulation of T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


cellular response to lipid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.


cellular response to oxygen-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.


positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


negative regulation of cell population proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.


regulation of cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix.


regulation of lymphocyte activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


positive regulation of immune system process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


negative regulation of cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation.


cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.


regulation of T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


regulation of leukocyte activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.


regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


positive regulation of T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.


regulation of leukocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.


negative regulation of lymphocyte activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


positive regulation of cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.


positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.


NUCLEOLAR PROTEIN 5  NUCLEOLAR PROTEIN NOP5  NOP58


small-subunit processome

A large ribonucleoprotein complex that is an early preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 80S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.


ribonucleoprotein complex

A macromolecular complex that contains both RNA and protein molecules.


preribosome

Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed during ribosome biogenesis.


A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains an RNA molecule of the snoRNA family and associated proteins. Many are involved in a step of processing of rRNA molecules: cleavage, 2'-O-methylation, or pseudouridylation, but other RNA types can be targets as well. The majority fall into one of two classes, box C/D type or box H/ACA type, which are conserved across eukaryotes and archaea. Other members include the telomerase RNA and the ribonuclease MRP RNA.


snoRNA binding

Binding to a small nucleolar RNA.


RNA binding

Binding to an RNA molecule or a portion thereof.


sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the hydroxyl group of an acceptor, producing the sulfated derivative and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate.


transferase activity, transferring sulphur-containing groups

Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfur-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


SERINE_ARGININE-RICH SPLICING FACTOR 4-RELATED


nuclear speck

A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.


nuclear body

Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.


nucleolus

A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.


mRNA binding

Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns.


RNA splicing

The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.


RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile

Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure.


mRNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.


RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions

Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions.


mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.


alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.


TRIPARTITE MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN 49-RELATED


TRIPARTITE MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN 43-RELATED


E3 UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE TRIM50-RELATED


E3 UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE TRIML2-RELATED


TRIPARTITE MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN 61-RELATED


E3 UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE TRIML1-RELATED


TRIPARTITE MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN 49B-RELATED


TRIPARTITE MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN 51G-RELATED


TRIPARTITE MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN 64-RELATED


B BOX AND SPRY DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN


sarcolemma

The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.


ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-Ub + Y = Y-Ub + X, where both X-Ub and Y-Ub are covalent linkages.


ubiquitin protein ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ubiquitin + S = X + S-ubiquitin, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ubiquitin linkage is an amide bond: an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate or, in the linear extension of ubiquitin chains, a peptide bond the between the C-terminal glycine and N-terminal methionine of ubiquitin residues.


protein homodimerization activity

Binding to an identical protein to form a homodimer.


identical protein binding

Binding to an identical protein or proteins.


protein ubiquitination

The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.


negative regulation of RNA metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.


negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.


protein polyubiquitination

Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain.


negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.


protein K63-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.


positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.


regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.


positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.


positive regulation of programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


positive regulation of apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.


positive regulation of cellular catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


regulation of protein localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


regulation of cellular localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.


positive regulation of catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.


positive regulation of autophagy

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


positive regulation of macroautophagy

Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation.


negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.


negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.


INACTIVE GROUP IIC SECRETORY PHOSPHOLIPASE A2-RELATED


carboxylic ester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester bond.


lipase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


phospholipase A2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + H2O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + a fatty acid. This reaction removes the fatty acid attached to the sn2-position. Substrates include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, choline plasmalogen and phosphatides.


calcium ion binding

Binding to a calcium ion (Ca2+).


phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.


phospholipid binding

Binding to a phospholipid, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.


organophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound.


phospholipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


cellular lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells.


lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.


carboxylic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.


organic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


oxoacid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).


monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.


cellular biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.


organic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


monocarboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-).


fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


small molecule biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


carboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


small molecule metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


DENN DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 10-RELATED


Binds to and modulates the activity of an NTPase.


GTPase regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a GTPase.


small GTPase binding

Binding to a small monomeric GTPase.


guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Stimulates the exchange of GDP to GTP on a signaling GTPase, changing its conformation to its active form. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) act by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which is more abundant in the cell under normal cellular physiological conditions.


regulation of vesicle-mediated transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell.


HOMOLOGOUS TO DROSOPHILA SQD (SQUID) PROTEIN


HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN A1-RELATED


HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN A1-LIKE 2


HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS A2_B1


HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN A3


catalytic step 2 spliceosome

A spliceosomal complex that contains three snRNPs, including U5, bound to a splicing intermediate in which the first catalytic cleavage of the 5' splice site has occurred. The precise subunit composition differs significantly from that of the catalytic step 1, or activated, spliceosome, and includes many proteins in addition to those found in the associated snRNPs.


spliceosomal complex

Any of a series of ribonucleoprotein complexes that contain snRNA(s) and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and are formed sequentially during the spliceosomal splicing of one or more substrate RNAs, and which also contain the RNA substrate(s) from the initial target RNAs of splicing, the splicing intermediate RNA(s), to the final RNA products. During cis-splicing, the initial target RNA is a single, contiguous RNA transcript, whether mRNA, snoRNA, etc., and the released products are a spliced RNA and an excised intron, generally as a lariat structure. During trans-splicing, there are two initial substrate RNAs, the spliced leader RNA and a pre-mRNA.


mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Binding to a 3' untranslated region of an mRNA molecule.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex

A protein complex capable of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and containing subunits of any phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme. These complexes are divided in three classes (called I, II and III) that differ for their presence across taxonomic groups and for the type of their constituents. Catalytic subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in all 3 classes; regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in classes I and III; adaptor proteins have been observed in class II complexes and may be present in other classes too.


vacuolar membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.


vacuole

A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit bound to a regulatory (adaptor) subunit. Additional adaptor proteins may be present. Class III PI3Ks have a substrate specificity restricted to phosphatidylinositol (PI).


phospholipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phospholipid, a lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


organophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


glycerolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.


phosphatidylinositol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which a sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


glycerophospholipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


glycerolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. Diacylglycerol and phosphatidate are key lipid intermediates of glycerolipid biosynthesis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


lytic vacuole membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a lytic vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.


synaptic vesicle

A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.


transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.


lysosome

A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.


cytoplasmic side of membrane

The side of a membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


synaptic vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.


lytic vacuole

A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases.


lysosomal membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.


exocytic vesicle

A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.


transport vesicle

Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell.


secretory vesicle

A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space.


regulation of microtubule-based process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton.


organelle localization

Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


microtubule-based movement

A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.


positive regulation of transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


transport along microtubule

The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity.


lysosome localization

Any process in which a lysosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


microtubule-based transport

A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.


The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.


organelle transport along microtubule

The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.


establishment of organelle localization

The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location.


carbohydrate kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a carbohydrate substrate molecule.


carbohydrate phosphorylation

The process of introducing a phosphate group into a carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


carbohydrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME E2 N-LIKE-RELATED


UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME E2 VARIANT 1


UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME E2Q-LIKE PROTEIN 1


UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME E2 VARIANT 2


UBIQUITIN_ISG15-CONJUGATING ENZYME E2 L6


Ubiquitin proteasome pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) from one protein to another molecule, usually another protein, via the reaction X-SCP + Y = Y-SCP + X, where both the X-SCP and Y-SCP linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SCP and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y = Y-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


protein K48-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.


postreplication repair

The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication. Includes pathways that remove replication-blocking lesions in conjunction with DNA replication.


protein K11-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which ubiquitin monomers are attached to a protein, and then ubiquitin polymers are formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 11 of the ubiquitin monomers. K11-linked polyubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation. The anaphase-promoting complex promotes the degradation of mitotic regulators by assembling K11-linked polyubiquitin chains.


ISG15-protein conjugation

The covalent addition to a protein of ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein.


anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome.


SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE 14 KD PROTEIN


SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE 14 KDA PROTEIN


protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum.


establishment of protein localization to organelle

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.


protein targeting to ER

The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.


establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum.


phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.


phosphoric ester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RPO-R' + H2O = RPOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any phosphoric ester bond, any ester formed from orthophosphoric acid, O=P(OH)3.


phospholipid dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.


phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol.


lipid modification

The covalent alteration of one or more fatty acids in a lipid, resulting in a change in the properties of the lipid.


dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule.


ZINC FINGER PROTEIN WITH KRAB AND SCAN DOMAINS 5


ZINC FINGER PROTEIN WITH KRAB AND SCAN DOMAINS 7


ZINC FINGER PROTEIN INTERACTING WITH RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN K


ZINC FINGER AND SCAN DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 10


axoneme

The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.


cytoplasmic region

Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm

All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection.


ciliary plasm

All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium.


cytoskeleton

A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.


cilium

A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.


cilium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


axoneme assembly

The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.


retina development in camera-type eye

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.


visual system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visual system over time, from its formation to the mature structure, including the eye, parts of the central nervous system (CNS) involved in processing of visual inputs, and connecting nerve pathways.


sensory system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure.


cilium assembly

The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


cell projection assembly

Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


microtubule bundle formation

A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.


eye development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.


camera-type eye development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.


sensory organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly

Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon.


NUCLEOLAR PRERIBOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1


NUCLEOLAR PRE-RIBOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1


rRNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


ribosomal large subunit biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a large ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.


ncRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs).


ncRNA processing

Any process that results in the conversion of one or more primary non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts into one or more mature ncRNA molecules.


rRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.


maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex.


ribosome biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.


maturation of 5.8S rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule.


maturation of LSU-rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule.


LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 57


LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT AND CALPONIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 2


LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT AND CALPONIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 10B


LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 10


LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 27


LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT AND CALPONIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 4


LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 20


sarcomere

The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.


supramolecular polymer

A polymeric supramolecular structure.


supramolecular fiber

A polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure.


contractile fiber

Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.


myofibril

The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.


PML body

A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.


cytoskeletal protein binding

Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).


actin binding

Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.


negative regulation of locomotion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.


regulation of lymphocyte migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte migration.


regulation of leukocyte migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.


negative regulation of cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.


regulation of mononuclear cell migration

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


negative regulation of cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.


muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.


cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


cardiac muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


muscle tissue development

The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers.


muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate.


muscle structure development

The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms.


striated muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle.


striated muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells.


endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain.


25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-1 ALPHA HYDROXYLASE, MITOCHONDRIAL


ULTRA-LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACID OMEGA-HYDROXYLASE


1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D(3) 24-HYDROXYLASE, MITOCHONDRIAL


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and molecular oxygen is reduced or incorporated into a donor.


monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the incorporation of one atom from molecular oxygen into a compound and the reduction of the other atom of oxygen to water.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from NADH or NADPH and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


steroid hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the formation of a hydroxyl group on a steroid by incorporation of oxygen from O2.


long-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


icosanoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.


unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.


small molecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


organic hydroxy compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound.


steroid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


response to organic cyclic compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.


response to nutrient levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.


lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.


response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.


response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


steroid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


sterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


cholesterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.


organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound.


alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound.


secondary alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving secondary alcohol.


steroid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification.


coated vesicle

Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.


vesicle coat

A membrane coat found on a coated vesicle.


Golgi-associated vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus.


COPI vesicle coat

One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. The mammalian COPI subunits are called alpha-, beta-, beta'-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-COP. Vesicles with COPI coats are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state.


membrane coat

Any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes, and possibly others. They are found associated with membranes on many vesicles as well as other membrane features such as pits and perhaps tubules.


coated vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.


COPI-coated vesicle

A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPI coat complex proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state, are involved in Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum (retrograde) vesicle transport, and possibly also in intra-Golgi transport.


Golgi-associated vesicle

Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.


coated membrane

A single or double lipid bilayer with any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes.


intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network).


GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING PROTEIN SUBUNIT BETA-LIKE PROTEIN 1


90S preribosome

A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with three genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of many eukaryotic species, including S. cerevisiae.


maturation of SSU-rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule.


ribosomal small subunit biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a small ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.


SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 12, CATION COTRANSPORTERS


symporter activity

Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


chloride transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chloride ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


monoatomic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a negatively charged ion from one side of a membrane to the other.


inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of inorganic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.


solute:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(out) = solute(in) + cation(in).


chloride transmembrane transport

The process in which chloride is transported across a membrane.


regulation of anatomical structure size

Any process that modulates the size of an anatomical structure.


monoatomic anion transmembrane transport

The process in which a monoatomic anion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are negatively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


chloride transport

The directed movement of chloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of cellular component size

A process that modulates the size of a cellular component.


regulation of cell size

Any process that modulates the size of a cell.


monoatomic anion transport

The directed movement of a monoatomic anion, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are negatively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


potassium ion import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of potassium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


sodium ion transport

The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sodium ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a sodium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


IG(IMMUNOGLOBULIN) AND LRR(LEUCINE RICH REPEAT) DOMAINS


IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY CONTAINING LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT PROTEIN


LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN 66


IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY CONTAINING LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT PROTEIN 2


cognition

The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.


behavior

The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.


ADAMTS  A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS  PROTEASE


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 19


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 13


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 4


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 9


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 14


THROMBOSPONDIN TYPE-1 DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 4


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 7


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 16


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 15


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 3


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 17


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 20


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 5


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 12


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 2


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 8


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 1


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 18


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 6


A DISINTEGRIN AND METALLOPROTEINASE WITH THROMBOSPONDIN MOTIFS 10


metalloendopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


metallopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding

Binding to a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.


response to insulin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.


response to peptide hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.


cellular response to nitrogen compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.


cellular response to hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.


response to peptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.


cellular response to insulin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.


insulin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.


cellular response to peptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.


cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.


response to hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.


cellular response to organonitrogen compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex

A protein complex that stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase.


GTPase activator activity

Binds to and increases the activity of a GTPase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.


actin filament organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.


actin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.


cell fate commitment

The cellular developmental process by which a cell establishes the intrinsic character of a cell or tissue region irreversibly committing it to a particular fate.


histone methylation

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.


protein alkylation

The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. Alkyl groups are derived from alkanes by removal of one hydrogen atom.


protein methylation

The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.


histone modification

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein.


methylation

The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule.


macromolecule methylation

The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


nuclear envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).


endoplasmic reticulum lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.


kinesin binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with kinesin, a member of a superfamily of microtubule-based motor proteins that perform force-generating tasks such as organelle transport and chromosome segregation.


protein localization to nucleus

A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus.


nucleus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.


nuclear envelope organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.


nuclear membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


phosphatidylcholine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. They are important constituents of cell membranes.


actin cytoskeleton

The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.


retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi

The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.


GOLGI ASSOCIATED RAB2 INTERACTOR PROTEIN 1B


GOLGI ASSOCIATED RAB2 INTERACTOR PROTEIN 2


GOLGI ASSOCIATED RAB2 INTERACTOR PROTEIN 1A


GOLGI ASSOCIATED RAB2 INTERACTOR PROTEIN 5A


GOLGI ASSOCIATED RAB2 INTERACTOR PROTEIN 5B


GOLGI ASSOCIATED RAB2 INTERACTOR PROTEIN 6


GOLGI ASSOCIATED RAB2 INTERACTOR PROTEIN 3


GOLGI ASSOCIATED RAB2 INTERACTOR PROTEIN 4


RIBOSOME BIOGENESIS PROTEIN NSA2 HOMOLOG


preribosome, large subunit precursor

A preribosomal complex consisting of 27SA, 27SB, and/or 7S pre-rRNA, 5S rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating large subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic large ribosomal subunit.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group act as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


INTERFERON-INDUCED PROTEIN WITH TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEATS


INTERFERON-INDUCED PROTEIN WITH TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEATS 2


INTERFERON-INDUCED PROTEIN WITH TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEATS 3


INTERFERON-INDUCED PROTEIN WITH TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEATS 1


INTERFERON-INDUCED PROTEIN WITH TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEATS 5


INTERFERON-INDUCED PROTEIN WITH TETRATRICOPEPTIDE REPEATS 1B


response to virus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.


defense response to virus

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.


preribosome, small subunit precursor

A preribosomal complex consisting of 20S pre-rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating small subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic small ribosomal subunit.


E3 UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE MAKORIN-4-RELATED


E3 UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE MAKORIN-3-RELATED


spindle pole

Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


spindle microtubule

Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.


ubiquitin ligase complex

A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. The complex also contains other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.


Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul3 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a BTB-domain-containing protein.


cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

Any ubiquitin ligase complex in which the catalytic core consists of a member of the cullin family and a RING domain protein; the core is associated with one or more additional proteins that confer substrate specificity.


polymeric cytoskeletal fiber

A component of the cytoskeleton consisting of a homo or heteropolymeric fiber constructed from an indeterminate number of protein subunits.


mitotic spindle

A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules.


microtubule cytoskeleton

The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins.


spindle

The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.


microtubule

Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.


cullin family protein binding

Binding to a member of the cullin family, hydrophobic proteins that act as scaffolds for ubiquitin ligases (E3).


positive regulation of TOR signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.


positive regulation of TORC1 signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.


regulation of TORC1 signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.


protein monoubiquitination

Addition of a single ubiquitin group to a protein.


cellular response to misfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.


protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins.


cellular response to topologically incorrect protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.


response to topologically incorrect protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.


regulation of cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells.


regulation of cytokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells.


PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE E1 COMPONENT, ALPHA SUBUNIT  BACTERIAL AND ORGANELLAR


PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE E1 COMPONENT SUBUNIT ALPHA, SOMATIC FORM, MITOCHONDRIAL


PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE E1 COMPONENT SUBUNIT ALPHA, TESTIS-SPECIFIC FORM, MITOCHONDRIAL


sulfur compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


purine nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


purine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.


nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


ribose phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.


cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.


nucleoside phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside.


purine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.


amide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells.


purine nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with an acyl group.


ribose phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.


ribonucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


purine ribonucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


heterocycle biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).


amide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.


ribonucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.


aromatic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.


nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside phosphate.


purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process

The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.


VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-2/DELTA-RELATED


VWFA AND CACHE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-2_DELTA-2


VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-2_DELTA-4


VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-2_DELTA-3


VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT CALCIUM CHANNEL SUBUNIT ALPHA-2_DELTA-1


Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 and 4 signaling pathway


MELANOMA-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN  MAGE ANTIGEN


MAGE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN MAGEA13P-RELATED


NON-STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE OF CHROMOSOMES ELEMENT 3 HOMOLOG


histone deacetylase binding

Binding to histone deacetylase.


NFX1-TYPE ZINC FINGER-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1


HELICASE WITH ZINC FINGER DOMAIN-RELATED


DNA REPLICATION ATP-DEPENDENT HELICASE_NUCLEASE DNA2


RNA polymerase complex

Any complex that possesses RNA polymerase activity; generally comprises a catalytic subunit and one or more additional subunits.


ribonucleoprotein granule

A non-membranous macromolecular complex containing proteins and translationally silenced mRNAs. RNA granules contain proteins that control the localization, stability, and translation of their RNA cargo. Different types of RNA granules (RGs) exist, depending on the cell type and cellular conditions.


P granule

A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregate in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.


cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule

A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm.


helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to drive the unwinding of a DNA or RNA helix.


DNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks.


protein-DNA complex organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex.


heterochromatin formation

An epigenetic gene silencing mechanism in which chromatin is compacted into heterochromatin, resulting in a chromatin conformation refractory to transcription. This process starts with heterochromatin nucleation, its spreading, and ends with heterochromatin boundary formation.


negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic

An epigenetic process that silences gene expression at specific genomic regions through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or the cytosine DNA methylation.


epigenetic regulation of gene expression

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or cytosine methylation of DNA. Once established, this regulation may be maintained over many cell divisions. It can also be heritable in the absence of the instigating signal.


heterochromatin organization

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.


regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing

A process in which an regulatory non-coding RNA molecule reduces expression of target genes. This can occur pre-transcriptionally by assembly of heterochromatin and prevention of transcription or co- or post-transcriptionally by targeting RNAs for degradation or by interfering with splicing or translation. This process starts once the inhibitory RNA molecule has been transcribed, and includes processing of the RNA such as cleavage, modifications, transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, loading onto the RISC complex, and the effect on transcription or translation.


chromatin organization

The assembly or remodeling of chromatin composed of DNA complexed with histones, other associated proteins, and sometimes RNA.


chromatin remodeling

A dynamic process of chromatin reorganization resulting in changes to chromatin structure. These changes allow DNA metabolic processes such as transcriptional regulation, DNA recombination, DNA repair, and DNA replication.


regulatory ncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing

A posttranscriptional gene silencing pathway in which regulatory RNAs elicit silencing of specific target genes, either by mRNA destabilization or inhibition of translation.


DNA-templated DNA replication

A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.


replication fork processing

The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled is restored to a functional state and replication is restarted. The stalling may be due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes.


DNA replication

The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.


SIGNAL PEPTIDASE COMPLEX CATALYTIC SUBUNIT SEC11


SIGNAL PEPTIDASE COMPLEX CATALYTIC SUBUNIT SEC11B-RELATED


SIGNAL PEPTIDASE COMPLEX CATALYTIC SUBUNIT SEC11A


SIGNAL PEPTIDASE COMPLEX CATALYTIC SUBUNIT SEC11C


endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex

A protein complex that is part of an endoplasmic reticulum.


peptide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.


protein maturation

Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


signal peptide processing

The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell.


protein processing

Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


histone methyltransferase complex

A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins.


methyltransferase complex

A protein complex that possesses methyltransferase activity.


Set1C/COMPASS complex

A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p; in mammals it contains the catalytic subunit (SETD1A or SETD1B), WDR5, WDR82, RBBP5, ASH2L/ASH2, CXXC1/CFP1, HCFC1 and DPY30.


histone binding

Binding to a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaryotic or archaeal chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in gene regulation and DNA replication. They may be chemically modified (methylated, acetlyated and others) to regulate gene transcription.


histone lysine methylation

The modification of a histone by addition of one or more methyl groups to a lysine residue.


CHROMATIN MODIFICATION-RELATED PROTEIN MEAF6


ZINC FINGER AND BTB DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 38


ZINC FINGER AND BTB DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 4


DNA-binding transcription repressor activity

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets.


DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


ADENOSINE 3'-PHOSPHO 5'-PHOSPHOSULFATE TRANSPORTER 2


UDP-XYLOSE AND UDP-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE TRANSPORTER


ADENOSINE 3'-PHOSPHO 5'-PHOSPHOSULFATE TRANSPORTER 1


carbohydrate derivative transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carbohydrate derivative from one side of a membrane to the other.


nucleobase-containing compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other.


UDP-galactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.