zygote asymmetric cytokinesis in embryo sac

The division of the zygote in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo sac to produce a larger basal cell near the micropyle and a small terminal cell close to what was the central cell and is now the developing endosperm. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


re-entry into mitotic cell cycle after pheromone arrest

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by pheromone-arrested cells that have not mated. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


chromosome movement towards spindle pole

The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes.


metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis I.


meiotic spindle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle that contributes to the process of meiosis.


G2/MI transition of meiotic cell cycle

The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from meiotic G2 phase to M phase of meiosis I.


meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

The cell cycle process in which double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


actomyosin contractile ring maturation

The cellular process in which the contractile ring cytokinetic ring attains its fully functional state.


cell cycle DNA replication termination

Any DNA replication termination that is involved in cell cycle DNA replication.


meiosis I spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any spindle assembly checkpoint that is involved in meiosis I.


meiotic strand invasion involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination

The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle G1/S transition DNA damage checkpoint.


mitotic chromosome centromere condensation

The cell cycle process in which centromere chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis.


meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in meiotic gene conversion

The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.


mitotic morphogenesis checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that contributes to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint which delays mitotic onset in response to perturbations that affect cell shape via the actin cytoskeleton, septin organization, small cell size, and/or the extent of membrane growth.


mitotic centrosome separation

Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.


karyosome formation

The chromosome organization process in which meiotic chromosomes in the germ cell nucleus cluster together to form a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.


repair of mitotic kinetochore microtubule attachment defect

The mitotic cell cycle process where kinetochore microtubule attachment defects are corrected.


meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that contributes to a meiotic recombination checkpoint, that acts during late prophase I (pachytene) and prevents segregation of homologous chromosomes until recombination is completed, ensuring proper distribution of the genetic material to the gametes.


female meiosis I

The cell cycle process in which the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline.


mitotic DNA replication DNA ligation

Any DNA ligation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


cell cycle switching

The process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any actomyosin contractile ring assembly that is involved in mitotic cytokinesis.


guard mother cell cytokinesis

The stereotyped symmetric cell division by which guard mother cell give rise to stomatal guard cells.


actomyosin contractile ring organization

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actomyosin contractile ring.


mitotic actomyosin contractile ring disassembly

Any disaggregation of an actomyosin contractile ring into its constituent components that is involved in a mitotic cell cycle.


meiosis II cell cycle process

A process that coontributes to the second meiotic division. The second meiotic division separates chromatids resulting in a haploid number of chromosomes.


subpallium radially oriented migration

The migration of cells in the developing subpallium in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.


metanephric cortical collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric cortical collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric cortical collecting duct is the portion of the metanephric collecting duct that resides in the renal cortex.


peptidyl-lysine dihydroxylation to 4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine

The dihydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-hydroxylysine.


peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 5-hydroxy-L-lysine

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation involved in bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification

Any peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation that is involved in bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification.


peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-lysine hydroxylation to peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-lysine

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-lysine.


jasmonate-amino synthetase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonate + an amino acid = an amide-linked jasmonyl-amino acid conjugate. The substrates of this reaction include non-standard amino acids, such as ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate).


endocrine signaling

The transfer of information from one cell to another, where an endocrine hormone is transported from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell via the circulatory system (via blood, lymph or cerebrospinal fluid). The signaling cell and the receiving cell are often distant to each other.


MHC class II protein binding, via antigen binding groove

Binding to the antigen binding groove of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules.


carbapenem catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbapenem.


prospore membrane

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The prospore membrane is a double-membraned structure that extends from the cytoplasmic face of the spindle pole bodies to encompass the spindle pole bodies and the four nuclear lobes that are formed during meiosis. It helps isolate the meiotic nuclei from the cytoplasm during spore formation and serves as a foundation for the formation of the spore walls. An example of this component is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.


perturbation by symbiont of host actin cytoskeleton via actin crosslinking

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by actin crosslinking the host actin filaments. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.


regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.


regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.


positive regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.


negative regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.


regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.


methanol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.


mating behavior

The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.


male courtship behavior, veined wing extension

The process during courtship where the male insect extends his wings. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


negative regulation of female receptivity, post-mating

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.


male courtship behavior, proboscis-mediated licking

The process during courtship where the male fly licks the genitalia of a stationary female fly with his proboscis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production

The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song.


male courtship behavior

The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


vulval location

Location, by the male, of his partner's vulva when backing along the ventral side of the hermaphrodite during mating. The male stops at the vulva, coordinates his movements to the hermaphrodite's, and positions his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate.


male courtship behavior, tapping to detect pheromone

The process during courtship where the male insect taps the female with his frontal leg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of female receptivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the willingness or readiness of a female to receive male advances.


positive regulation of female receptivity, post-mating

Any process that increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.


turning behavior involved in mating

The sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.


female courtship behavior

The behavior of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.


female mating behavior

The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction.


male courtship behavior, orientation prior to leg tapping and wing vibration

The process during courtship, where the male orients towards a potential partner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


male mating behavior

The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction.


male courtship behavior, veined wing vibration

The process during courtship where the male insect vibrates his wings. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


mating behavior, sex discrimination

The behavior of individuals for the purpose of discriminating between the sexes, for the purpose of finding a suitable mating partner.


courtship behavior

The behavior of an organism for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.


regulation of female receptivity, post-mating

Any process that modulates the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.


response to hermaphrodite contact

The response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding. The male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate.


positive regulation of female receptivity

Any process that activates or increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances.


circadian mating behavior

The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle.


negative regulation of female receptivity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances.


copulation

The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.


spicule insertion

Insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the hermaphrodite. Spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva.


megasporocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a megasporocyte.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor binding

Binding to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF.


response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


cellular response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase.


negative regulation of mitochondrial fission

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


negative regulation of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from methylamine.


paraxial mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a paraxial mesoderm cell.


regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.


positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.


negative regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport.


mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis.


mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis

Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis.


mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis

Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in nephron morphogenesis.


mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development

Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in metanephros development.


all-trans retinol 3,4-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = all-trans-3,4-didehydro retinol + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1,3)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-galactosyl-(1,4)-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


fatty acid primary amide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid primary amide.


fatty acid derivative biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acid derivative.


octanol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.


butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol

The chemical reactions a resulting in the resulting in the breakdown of butyryl-CoA to form butanol.


phytol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.


ketone body biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Biosynthesis involves the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, which is cleaved to acetate and acetyl-CoA.


lovastatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lovastatin (also known as mevinolin, mevacor or monacolin K), a hypolipidemic inhibitor of (3S)-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR).


lipoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lipoxin. A lipoxin is a non-classic eicosanoid and signaling molecule that has four conjugated double bonds and is derived from arachidonic acid.


wax biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.


propan-2-ol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propan-2-ol.


phytol salvage

A process that generates phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


1-butanol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-butanol, an alkyl primary alcohol with the formula C4H10O.


fatty alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty alcohol.


fatty acid methyl ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acid methyl ester.


cytokinin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as plant growth regulators.


discadenine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.


isopentenyl adenine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.


regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


negative regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


negative regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


positive regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


regulation of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


negative regulation of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.


negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an acceptor molecule, forming an alpha-1,4 linkage.


4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (Z)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde oxime + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile + 2 H2O + NADP+.


2-haloacid dehalogenase (configuration-retaining) activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (S)-2-haloacid + H2O = (S)-2-hydroxyacid + halide, and (R)-2-haloacid + H2O = (R)-2-hydroxyacid + halide.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.


regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.


ERBB3-ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals transmitted by a heterodimeric complex of the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB3 and ERBB4. The pathway begins with binding of a ligand to either cell surface receptor, or the dimeric receptor complex, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches.


regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches.


positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational elongation through polyproline stretches.


negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.


postsynaptic membrane assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic membrane, a specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft).


postsynaptic membrane organization

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic membrane, the specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft).


negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of bacterium

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of symbiont cell

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil.


negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.


negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.


negative regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction chloride(in) + 2 hydrogencarbonate(out) + Na+(out) = chloride(out) + 2 hydrogencarbonate(in) + Na+(in).


solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: inorganic anion(out) + solute(in) = inorganic anion (in) + solute(out).


hexose-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose phosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = hexose phosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate(out) + phosphate(in) = phosphoenolpyruvate(in) + phosphate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: chloride(in) + HCO3-(out) = chloride(out) + HCO3-(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: triose-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = triose-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).


organophosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organophosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = organophosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: chloride(in) + sulfate(out) = chloride(out) + sulfate(in).


glucose 6-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose 6-phosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = glucose 6-phosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: chloride(out) + proton(in) = chloride(in) + proton(out).


glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: chloride(out) + oxalate(in) = chloride(in) + oxalate(out).


glycerol-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycerol phosphate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = glycerol phosphate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).


glycerone phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycerone phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glycerone phosphate(in) + phosphate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + bicarbonate(in) = sulfate(in) + bicarbonate(out).


dicarboxylate:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = dicarboxylate(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).


protein localization to bud neck

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a cellular bud neck.


tRNA methylthiolation

The addition of a methylthioether group (-SCH3) to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.


cardiac muscle progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation

The orderly movement of a myocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into myocardial cells of the heart.


cardioblast migration to the midline involved in heart field formation

The orderly movement of a cardioblast toward the midline to form the heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


endocardial progenitor cell migration to the midline involved in heart field formation

The orderly movement of an endocardial progenitor cell toward the midline to form the heart field. Cardiac muscle progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into endocardial cells of the heart.


metal-dependent deubiquitinase activity

An metal-dependent isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin from a target protein to which it is conjugated.


gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized.


adult salivary gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the adult salivary gland are generated and organized.


salivary gland histolysis

The stage-specific break down of the larval salivary glands during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.


hypophysis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


salivary gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.


prostate gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a prostate gland are generated and organized.


neurohypophysis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the neurohypophysis are generated and organized. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


larval salivary gland morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the larva, by which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.


liver morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized.


mammary gland morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis refers to the creation of shape. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


seminal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a seminal vesicle are generated and organized.


Schaffer axon collateral

Part of axon of a CA3 pyramidal neuron that projects to hippocampal area CA1.


epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of an epicardial cell to a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell.


cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell.


aleurone grain lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an aleurone grain.


vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane or protein that forms a vesicle.


exocytic vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by an exocytic vesicle.


COPII-coated vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a COPII-coated endocytic vesicle.


Golgi-associated vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a Golgi-associated vesicle.


acrosomal lumen

The volume enclosed within the acrosome membrane.


COPI-coated vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a COPI-coated endocytic vesicle.


synaptic vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the synaptic vesicle membrane.


clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.


clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.


platelet alpha granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.


azurophil granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an azurophil granule, a primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes that contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.


cytolytic granule lumen

Any cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen that is part of a cytolytic granule.


multivesicular body, internal vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of the multivesicular body internal vesicle.


plasma membrane-derived thylakoid lumen

The volume enclosed by a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.


platelet dense granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet dense granule.


trans-Golgi network transport vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed within the membrane of a trans-Golgi network transport vesicle.


specific granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a specific granule, a granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.


melanosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the melanosome membrane.


dense core granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the dense core granule membrane.


clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle.


esterosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of an esterosome.


spine apparatus lumen

The volume enclosed by the spine apparatus membrane.


cytoplasmic vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by a cytoplasmic vesicle.


clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.


transport vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed within the membrane of a transport vesicle.


secretory granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a secretory granule.


phagolysosome vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a phagolysosome.


neuronal dense core vesicle lumen

The volume enclosed by a neuronal dense core vesicle membrane.


chromaffin granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a chromaffin granule.


delta-carotene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delta-carotene.


response to 11-deoxycorticosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 11-deoxycorticosterone stimulus.


response to mineralocorticoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.


response to aldosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldosterone stimulus.


cellular response to mineralocorticoid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.


cellular response to corticosterone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.


response to corticosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.


cellular response to 11-deoxycorticosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 11-deoxycorticosterone stimulus.


cellular response to aldosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldosterone stimulus.


endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) derived vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around an ERGIC-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane of the ER. Such vesicles include COPI-coated transport vesicles involved in retrograde transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + H2O + a trans-keto-C61-meroacyl-[acp] <=> diphosphoric acid + a trans-keto-meroacyl-adenylate + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


vanadium-iron nitrogenase complex

An enzyme complex containing a vanadium-iron cluster found in some species, such as Azotobacter vinelandii. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the vanadium-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.


propionyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionyl-CoA.


propionyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propionyl-CoA.


propionyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionyl-CoA.


positive regulation of violaceol I biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol I biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of cellotriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.


small-subunit processome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a small-subunit processome.


negative regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.


positive regulation of hippo signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.


octopamine signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of octopamine binding to a cell surface receptor.


octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by octopamine or tyramine binding to their receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. Octopamine and tyramine are decarboxylation products of tyrosine, and are the invertebrate counterparts of the vertebrate adrenergic transmitters.


octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of octopamine to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to a response to a food stimulus.


positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation by octopamine signaling pathway

An octopamine signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation.


tyramine signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tyramine binding to a cell surface receptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucosylglycerate + phosphate = glucose-1-phosphate + D-glycerate.


regulation of focal adhesion assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion formation, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.


equatorial microtubule organizing center disassembly

The process in which the equatorial microtubule organizing center is disassembled at the end of mitosis.


positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell activation.


regulation of T-helper 2 cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell activation.


positive regulation of FACT complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of FACT complex assembly.


positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.


regulation of neutrophil migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.


positive regulation of neutrophil migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.


negative regulation of neutrophil migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.


regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


negative regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


negative regulation of neutrophil extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.


positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


regulation of neutrophil extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.


negative regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process.


negative regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.


G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

A G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway, which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


postsynaptic signal transduction

Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a postsynapse.


positive regulation of IKACh channel activity by G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of heart rate

A G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway that contributes to a decrease in frequency or rate of heart contraction through activation of the IKACh potassium channel. Binding of acetylcholine to a G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor (muscarinic receptor) on the surface of the signal-receiving cell results in liberation of the G-beta/gamma complex from the alpha subunit. The G-beta/gamma complex binds directly to the inward-rectifying potassium channel IKACh. Once the ion channel is activated, potassium ions (K+) flow out of the cell and cause it to hyperpolarize. In its hyperpolarized state, action potentials cannot be fired as quickly as possible, which slows the heart rate.


G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an acetylcholine receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of heart rate

A G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway that contributes to a decrease in frequency or rate of heart contraction. Binding of acetylcholine to a G protein-coupled (muscarinic) receptor on the surface of the signal-receiving cell results in the alpha subunit of a coupled G-protein binding to GTP. This results in the separation of the beta-gamma complex from the alpha subunit. Both the alpha subunit, and the beta-gamma complex can continue to signal to bring about membrane hyperpolarization and a reduction in heart rate.


postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the postsynapse to the nucleus via cytoskeletal transport of a protein from a postsynapse to the component to the nucleus where it affects biochemical processes that occur in the nucleus (e.g DNA transcription, mRNA splicing, or DNA/histone modifications).


acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an acetylcholine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission

Any G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway that is involved in positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission.


phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by acetylcholine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by acetylcholine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of heart rate

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway that contributes to a decrease in frequency or rate of heart contraction through inhibition of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity. Binding of acetylcholine to a G protein-coupled (muscarinic) receptor on the surface of the signal-receiving cell results in the activation of an intracellular Gi/o protein. Gi/o inhibits adenylate cyclase to decrease cyclic-AMP (cAMP) levels. Since cAMP binds directly to F-channels to allow an inward flow of sodium (funny current, If current), a reduction in cAMP reduces the funny current to bring about membrane hyperpolarization and a decrease in heart rate.


imaginal disc-derived female genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized from the genital disc.


female genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized.


chromosome passenger complex localization to kinetochore

A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the kinetochore. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis.


protein localization to linear element

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a linear element. A linear element is a proteinaceous scaffold associated with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase.


establishment of protein localization to chromosome

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.


protein localization to nucleolar rDNA repeats

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the rDNA repeats on a chromosome in the nucleolus.


protein localization to heterochromatin

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into heterochromatin.


protein localization to condensed nuclear chromosome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a condensed nuclear chromosome.


Bub1-Bub3 complex localization to kinetochore

A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a Bub1-Bub3 complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the kinetochore.


CLRC complex localization to heterochromatin

The process by which a CLRC complex is transported to, or maintained in, heterochromatin. CLRC complex is an active cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex essential for heterochromatin assembly by RNAi and histone H3K9 methylation.


protein localization to kinetochore involved in kinetochore assembly

Any protein localization to kinetochore that is involved in kinetochore assembly.


protein localization to subtelomeric heterochromatin

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a subtelomeric heterochromatin.


establishment of protein localization to chromatin

The directed movement of a protein to a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.


protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, CENP-A containing chromatin.


protein localization to euchromatin

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an euchromatin.


protein localization to condensed chromosome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a condensed chromosome.


protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centromeric region of a chromosome.


protein localization to mating-type region heterochromatin

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mating-type region heterochromatin.


establishment of protein localization to telomere

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.


protein localization to site of double-strand break

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred.


establishment of protein localization to euchromatin

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in an euchromatin.


protein localization to pericentric heterochromatin

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in the pericentric heterochromatin.


catalase complex

A protein-containing complex that is capable of catalase activity.


nucleosome array spacer activity

A histone octamer slider activity that spaces nucleosomes along chromosomal DNA. This activity is involved in assembling chromatin in uniform nucleosome arrays to regulate transcription by RNA polymerases I, II, and III, as well as DNA replication, recombination and repair.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


dTMP salvage

Any process which produces dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate) without de novo synthesis.


purine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


purine deoxyribonucleotide salvage

Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


dCMP salvage

Any process that generates dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide salvage

The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis.


T-bar

A T-shaped presynpatic density. These are common in arhropod central nervous systems.


presynaptic density

An electron dense specialization of the presynaptic active zone cytoskeleton.


cortical microtubule cytoskeleton

The portion of the microtubule cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.


terminal web

An actin-rich cytoskeletal network located beneath the microvilli of the apical plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells. In addition to actin filaments, the terminal web may contain actin-binding proteins, myosin motor proteins, and intermediate filaments. The terminal web can function as a contractile structure that influences the spatial distribution of microvilli as well as the development and morphogenesis of tissues containing polarized epithelial cells.


cytoskeleton of presynaptic active zone

The specialized cytoskeletal matrix of the presynaptic active zone. It has specialized functions in organizing synaptic events such as immobilisation or translocation of synaptic vesicles, and assembling active zone components. It is believed to form a molecular scaffold that organizes neurotransmitter release sites.


positive regulation terrein biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the fungal metabolite terrein.


positive regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of tensidol B biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol B biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of patulin biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of patulin.


positive regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of helvolic acid biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of helvolic acid biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of emericellamide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of violaceol II biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol II biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of gliotoxin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gliotoxin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of F-9775B biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775B biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of F-9775A biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of F-9775A biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of demethylkotanin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of emericellin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emericellin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of fumonisin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fumonisin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asperfuranone biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of diorcinol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of diorcinol biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of o-orsellinic acid biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of orcinol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of orcinol biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of terrequinone A biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of terrequinone A biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (+)-kotanin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of tensidol A biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol A biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of endocrocin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocrocin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of ferrichrome biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrichrome biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of lovastatin biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lovastin.


positive regulation of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monodictyphenone biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of polyketide biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polyketide biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asperthecin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of siderophore biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of siderophore biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of cordyol C biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cordyol C biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of emodin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emodin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of emericellamide A biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide A biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of gerfelin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gerfelin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


positive regulation of penicillin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of penicillin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of neosartoricin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neosartoricin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aflatoxin biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis. Sterigmatocystin biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


lipoprotein localization to outer membrane

A process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in an outer membrane.


small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel with a unit conductance of 2 to 20 picoSiemens that opens in response to stimulus by internal calcium ions. Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels are more sensitive to calcium than are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.


positive regulation of dendrite development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.


negative regulation of dendrite development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.


positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.


positive regulation of testosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.


positive regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.


decidualization

The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta.


inner cell mass cellular morphogenesis

The morphogenesis of cells in the inner cell mass.


positive regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.


positive regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.


phosphosulfolactate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate = phosphoenolpyruvate + sulfite.


vesicle scission involved in endocytosis

The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of an endocytic vesicle: separation from the plasma membrane.


vesicle scission involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis

The membrane scission process that is the final step in the formation of a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle: separation from the plasma membrane.


methyl tertiary butyl ether 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl tert-butyl ether + 1/2 O2 = tert-butyl alcohol + formaldehyde.


scopolamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of scopolamine.


arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-(15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionate + ATP + CoA = 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling.


positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling.


perturbation of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-serine.


positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.


positive regulation of triglyceride metabolic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoglycerate + NAD+ = 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate + NADH + H+.


clathrin coat of endocytic vesicle

A clathrin coat found on an endocytic vesicle.


EP1 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor binding

Binding to an EP1 subtype prostaglandin E2 receptor.


positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-cyclopiazonate + A = alpha-cyclopiazonate + AH(2).


cellular response to interleukin-9

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-9 stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1L-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate(10-) + ATP = H+ + myo-inositol hexakisphosphate(12-) + ADP.


mRNA transcription

The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.


mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


selenocystathione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-selenocysteine + O-phosphonato-L-homoserine = hydrogenphosphate + L-selenocystathionine.


positive regulation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore.


specification of metanephric connecting tubule identity

The process in which the connecting tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.


L-cysteine catabolic process to hypotaurine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including hypotaurine.


cellular detoxification of acetone

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of acetone. These may include chemical modification, for example to methylglyoxal.


spinal cord motor neuron migration

The orderly movement of a spinal cord motor neuron from one site to another. A spinal cord motor neuron is a motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


lateral motor column neuron migration

The orderly movement of a lateral motor column neuron from one site to another. A lateral motor column neuron is a motor neuron that is generated only on limb levels and send axons into the limb mesenchyme.


positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane.


regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane.


negative regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the lysosomal membrane.


positive regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol.


regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol.


negative regulation of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol.


urate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine.


urate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


urate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine.


positive regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.


regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.


regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.


negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.


positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.


negative regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.


photoreceptor outer segment membrane

The membrane surrounding the outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor.


ciliary pocket membrane

That part of the plasma membrane found in the ciliary pocket (also called flagellar pocket).


non-motile cilium membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a non-motile cilium.


cone photoreceptor disc membrane

Stack of disc membranes located inside a cone photoreceptor outer segment, and containing densely packed molecules of opsin photoreceptor proteins that traverse the lipid bilayer. Cone disc membranes arise as evaginations of the ciliary membrane during the development of the cone outer segment and remain contiguous with the ciliary membrane.


negative regulation of asperfuranone biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asperfuranone biosynthetic process.


postsynaptic density assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.


A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic specialization, a structure that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane.


maintenance of postsynaptic specialization structure

A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins in the presynaptic specialization.


maintenance of postsynaptic density structure

A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins in the presynaptic density.


postsynaptic density organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.


postsynaptic specialization assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic specialization, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: genistin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> genistin 7-gentiobioside + UDP + H+.


abducens nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


single cytosine insertion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a single cytosine insertion or a deletion that results in an unpaired cytosine.


NAD-independent histone deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction does not require the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone.


negative regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.


skin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.


plasma membrane tubulation

A membrane tubulation process occurring in a plasma membrane.


positive regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exo-alpha-sialidase activity.


positive regulation of protein localization to medial cortex

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the medial cortex.


regulation of protein localization to cell division site

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell division site.


regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cell separation after cytokinesis

Any regulation of protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cell separation after cytokinesis.


positive regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


negative regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


positive regulation of protein localization to medial cortical node

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a medial cortical node.


regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis

Any regulation of protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cytokinesis.


regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


regulation of protein localization to medial cortical node

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to a medial cortical node.


negative regulation of protein localization to medial cortex

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the medial cortex.


regulation of protein localization to medial cortex

Any process that regulates the localization of a protein to the medial cortex.


regulation of salicylic acid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of salicylic acid.


regulation of salicylic acid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving salicylic acid.


estrogen binding

Binding to an estrogen.


deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


UMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate.


purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


NADPH oxidation

A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH, to the oxidized form, NADP.


pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


purine nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.


deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


purine ribonucleotide salvage

Any process which produces a purine ribonucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


CMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CMP, cytidine monophosphate.


UMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UMP, uridine monophosphate.


CMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP, cytidine monophosphate.


pyrimidine ribonucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


purine nucleotide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on the sugar.


UMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UMP, uridine monophosphate.


purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


diadenosine polyphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.


deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


NADP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.


GDP-L-fucose salvage

The formation of GDP-L-fucose from L-fucose, without de novo synthesis. L-fucose is phosphorylated by fucokinase and then converted by fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (EC:2.7.7.30).


diadenosine triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.


purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


NAD catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


NAD metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.


bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum.


NADPH regeneration

A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADPH by the reduction of NADP+.


purine nucleotide salvage

Any process which produces a purine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinate (pyridine 3-carboxylic acid).


flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavin adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a coenzyme or prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


guanine deglycation, glyoxal removal

The removal of glyoxal from a glycated guanine, to form glycolate and a deglycated guanine.


purine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


purine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


diadenosine pentaphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine pentaphosphate.


purine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan or aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving very long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a medium-chain fatty-acyl group. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate, a compound formed of two nucleosides joined together through their 5' carbons by a chain of phosphate molecules.


pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.


diadenosine triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.


purine ribonucleotide interconversion

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine ribonucleotide is synthesized from another purine ribonucleotide.


purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from the vitamin precursor nicotinamide riboside.


pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.


The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide is synthesized from another pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide.


AMP salvage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis.


ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar.