purine-rich negative regulatory element binding

Binding to a 30-bp purine-rich negative regulatory element; the best characterized such element is found in the first intronic region of the rat cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain gene, and contains two palindromic high-affinity Ets-binding sites (CTTCCCTGGAAG). The presence of this element restricts expression of the gene containing it to cardiac myocytes.


satellite DNA binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to satellite DNA, the many tandem repeats (identical or related) of a short basic repeating unit; many have a base composition or other property different from the genome average that allows them to be separated from the bulk (main band) genomic DNA.


dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a dinucleotide insertion or deletion.


DNA end binding

Binding to DNA ends exposed by the creation of double-strand breaks (DSBs).


G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding

Binding to G-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA.


tDNA binding

Binding to DNA sequences encoding transfer RNA.


heteroduplex DNA loop binding

Binding to a DNA segment containing a loop. A loop occurs when DNA contains a large insertion or deletion that causes a region of unpaired single-stranded DNA to loop out, while the rest of the DNA is in a paired double-stranded configuration.


piRNA uni-strand cluster binding

Binding to uni-strand piRNA clusters, double-stranded DNA regions that give rise to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that map predominantly to only one strand and exhibit hallmarks of canonical Pol II transcription. Uni-strand piRNA clusters are found in many taxa.


DNA template activity

Binding to nucleic acid via hydrogen bonds between the bases of a gene product molecule and the bases of a target DNA molecule.


left-handed Z-DNA binding

Binding to DNA in the Z form, i.e. a left-handed helix in which the phosphate backbone zigzags.


alkylated DNA binding

Binding to an alkylated residue in DNA.


vitamin D response element binding

Binding to a vitamin D response element (VDRE), a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.


mismatched DNA binding

Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing one or more mismatches.


spermine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + spermidine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermine.


blastoderm segmentation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The hierarchical steps resulting in the progressive subdivision of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo.


SCF-Grr1/Pof2 ubiquitin ligase complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Grr1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof2 in S. pombe).


ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + Ecdysone + O2 = 20-hydroxyecdysone + A + H2O.


operant conditioning

Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior.


axial mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


peptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation

Transfer of a nitric oxide (NO) group from one cysteine residue to another.


glomerular basement membrane

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The layer of extracellular matrix that lies between the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes of the inner or visceral layer of the Bowman capsule; it is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas and acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter.


pronephric glomerular basement membrane

A glomerular basement membrane that is part of a pronephros.


negative regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


Ski complex

A protein complex that regulates RNA degradation by the exosome complex. In Saccharomyces the complex has a heterotetrameric stoichiometry consisting of one copy each of Ski2p and Ski3 and two copies of Ski8p.


xylan endo-1,3-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.


xylanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylans, homopolysaccharides composed of xylose residues.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl links in some glucuronoarabinoxylans.


endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.


xylan 1,3-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of successive xylose residues from the non-reducing termini of (1->3)-beta-D-xylans.


xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-xylans so as to remove successive D-xylose residues from the non-reducing termini.


exoxylanase activity

A xylanase activity that acts on one of the ends of a xylan polymer which does not contain side chains.


establishment of myocardial progenitor cell apical/basal polarity

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an myocardial progenitor cell that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


establishment of monopolar cell polarity

The specification and formation of monopolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Monopolar cell organization is directional organization along an axis.


establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell that contributes to the shaping of a camera-type eye.


establishment of proximal/distal cell polarity

The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its proximal/distal axis.


establishment of apical/basal cell polarity

The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.


imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection

Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally.


positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.


mitochondrial chromosome packaging

A process in which mitochondrial chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl derivative + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl derivative + CMP + H(+).


uridine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxycinnamate + UDP.


Mad-Max-mSin3B complex

A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3B, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.


translation initiation ternary complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.


envenomation resulting in modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.


cytokinin binding

Binding to a cytokinin, any of a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


osteoclast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.


MAML3-RBP-Jkappa-ICN1 complex

A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + retinol = CoA + retinyl ester.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate = 10-oxabenzo(def)chrysen-9-one + formate + H+.


deoxyuridine phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxyuridine + phosphate = uracil + deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


basal protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basal regions of the cell.


positive regulation of cellular response to heat

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.


levopimaradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-copalyl diphosphate = abieta-8(14),12-diene + diphosphate.


XPC complex

A nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in damage sensing during global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). It is part of the pre-incision (or initial recognition) complex bound to sites of DNA damage. In human, it is composed of XPC, RAD23B and CETN2.


cytokinin-activated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of a cytokinin to a receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


positive regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


positive regulation of xyloglucan catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan catabolic process.


negative regulation of xyloglucan metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xyloglucan metabolic process.


U12 snRNA binding

Binding to a U12 small nuclear RNA (U12 snRNA).


regulation of steroid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


positive regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.


negative regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.


negative regulation of androgen biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


regulation of sterol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.


positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + L-cysteine = nicotinamide + N2-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-cysteine.


cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the dorsal spinal cord cell population.


beta-alanopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-beta-alanopine + H2O + NAD+ = beta-alanine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


myristoyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myristoyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + tetradecanoate + coenzyme A.


negative regulation of dauer larval development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


negative regulation of post-embryonic development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.


negative regulation of dauer entry

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.


negative regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


negative regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


negative regulation of pupariation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of onset of pupariation.


negative regulation of flower development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.


negative regulation of lateral root development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.


negative regulation of stomatal complex development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.


negative regulation of nematode larval development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.


negative regulation of vulval development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.


negative regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.


negative regulation of seed germination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.


negative regulation of thermomorphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thermomorphogenesis.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.


photosystem II assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on the thylakoid membrane. The photosystem II complex consists of at least 20 polypeptides and around 80 cofactors in most organisms.


photosystem II oxygen evolving complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II on a thylakoid membrane. The OEC protects the calcium-4 manganese-5 oxide cluster which is bound to the D1 and CP43 proteins. The exact protein composition of the OEC varies between cyanobacteria and plants, and in plants consists of three extrinsic nuclear-encoded polypeptides: PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ.


glutamate receptor clustering

The neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering process in which glutamate receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor clustering

The receptor clustering process in which gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


ciliary receptor clustering involved in smoothened signaling pathway

Grouping of smoothened or patched receptors in a cilium, contributing to the smoothened signaling pathway.


skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering

The accumulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channels in a narrow, central region of muscle fibers, in apposition to nerve terminals.


neurexin clustering involved in presynaptic membrane assembly

The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the presynaptic membrane in which neurexins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neurexins are synaptic cell surface proteins which act as cell recognition molecules at nerve terminals.


neuroligin clustering involved in postsynaptic membrane assembly

The receptor clustering process involved in assembly of the postsynaptic membrane in which neuroligins are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. Neuroligins are neuronal cell surface proteins on the postsynaptic membrane that mediate synapse formation between neurons.


NMDA glutamate receptor clustering

The receptor clustering process in which N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


AMPA glutamate receptor clustering

The glutamate receptor clustering process in which alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


glycine receptor clustering

The receptor clustering process in which glycine receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering

The receptor clustering process in which neurotransmitter-gated ion channels are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


cardiac left atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts.


cardiac atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


cardiac right atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.


L-proline betaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.


CCR4-NOT core complex

The core of the CCR4-NOT complex. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT core complex comprises Ccr4p, Caf1p, Caf40p, Caf130p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p.


U1 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U1 snRNA molecule.


U4 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U4 snRNA molecule.


U2 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U2 snRNA molecule.


snRNA capping

The addition of a methylphosphate cap at the 5'-end of 7SK snRNA (7SK RNA). Capping 7SK RNA stabilizes it.


U6 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U6 snRNA molecule.


mRNA 5'-splice site recognition

Recognition of the intron 5'-splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.


alignment of 3' and 5' splice sites of mRNA

Recognition of both the 5' and 3'-splice sites and positioning them in the correct alignment with respect to each other so that the second catalytic step of nuclear mRNA splicing can occur.


response to host iron concentration

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting iron concentration in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of multivesicular body size involved in endosome transport

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles.


regulation of vesicle size

Any process that modulates the size of a vesicle.


regulation of multivesicular body size

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles.


regulation of endosome size

Any process that modulates the volume of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis.


regulation of post-lysosomal vacuole size

Any process that modulates the volume of a post-lysosomal vacuole, a membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.


regulation of multivesicular body size involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism

Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin.


aromatic primary alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic primary alcohol.


microtubule site clamp

The binding activity of a molecule that attaches the spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating epinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway

A cellular carbohydrate catabolic process that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and either glyceraldehyde or glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by dehydration and aldol cleavage via a gluconate or 6-phosphogluconate intermediate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through gluconate to D-glyceraldehyde

The Entner-Doudoroff pathway that proceeds through a D-gluconate intermediate and yields pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde.


Entner-Doudoroff pathway through 6-phosphogluconate

A pathway that converts a carbohydrate to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration.


regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation. The satellite cell activation is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.


positive regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation of satellite cell involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. The activation of satellite cell is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.


U6atac snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U6atac, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U6atac snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U6atac snRNA both while the U6atac snRNP is free or assembled into the U4atac/U6atac snRNP or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


adenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


adenosine salvage

Any process that generates adenosine, adenine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


cellulose catabolism by endo-processive cellulases

The breakdown into simpler components of cellulose. Catabolism is initiated by endohydrolytic attacks on the cellulose chain, and the resulting pieces are further degraded by cellulase enzymes to produce smaller and smaller fragments.


beta-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-glucans.


anaerobic cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, in absence of oxygen.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


(1->6)-beta-D-glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.


cellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.


positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


actinomycete-type spore formation

The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed from a substrate mycelium; characteristic of many members of the order Actinomycetales.


reproductive process in single-celled organism

A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a single-celled organism.


mating type switching

The conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.


sexual macrocyst formation

The fusion of haploid amoebae cells with matching mating types to form a larger cell, which ingests additional amoebae and forms a cellulose wall. The resulting macrocyst undergoes recombination and meiosis followed by release of haploid amoebae. An example of this process can be found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


cytogamy

During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


mating-type locus imprinting

A genomic imprinting process in which a stable single-strand DNA lesion triggers programmed gene conversion at the mating-type locus, thereby restricting mating-type interconversion to one of the two sister chromatids during DNA replication.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


negative regulation of hair follicle maturation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.


negative regulation of hair follicle development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.


negative regulation of timing of anagen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.


negative regulation of hair follicle placode formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of hair follicle placode formation, the developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.


negative regulation of timing of exogen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.


negative regulation of timing of catagen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.


positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation

Any process that increases the frequency or rate of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + methanethiol = L-methionine + acetate. Also reacts with other thiols and H2S, producing homocysteine or thioethers.


thromboxane-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = thromboxane A(2).


COPII vesicle coating

The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


positive regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.


positive regulation of sporangiospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.


positive regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.


positive regulation of zygospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.


positive regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.


positive regulation of ascospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.


positive regulation of teliospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or overwintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.


positive regulation of oospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.


positive regulation of zoospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.


positive regulation of uredospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.


positive regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.


positive regulation of aeciospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process in which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.


chromosome, subtelomeric region

A region of the chromosome, adjacent to the telomere (on the centromeric side) that contains repetitive DNA and sometimes genes. This region is usually heterochromatin.


polytene chromosome puff

A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription.


chromosome, telomeric repeat region

A complex of DNA and protein that seals the end of a chromosome. The telomeric repeat DNA consists of simple tandemly repeated sequences specific for each species. Typically one strand is G-rich and the other C-rich. The G-rich strand forms a 3'-terminal overhang, the length of which varies with species. The single strand overhang is bound by a variety of proteins, including telomere capping proteins that bind to the single-stranded DNA and seal the telomeric loop.


polytene chromosome band

A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band.


polytene chromosome interband

A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands.


chromosome, centromeric core domain

The innermost portion of the centromeric region of a chromosome, encompassing the core region of a chromosome centromere and the proteins that bind to it.


DNA topoisomerase III-beta-TDRD3 complex

A protein complex that has DNA topoisomerase type I and RNA topoisomerase activities.


equatorial microtubule organizing center assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an equatorial microtubule organizing center.


activated T cell proliferation

The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus.


tricuspid valve development

The progression of the tricuspid valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


mannose-6-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose 6-phosphate = D-fructose 6-phosphate.


pole cell migration

The directed movement of a pole cell (germline progenitors in insects) from its site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form.


cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-arginine-adding)

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp + L-arginine = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n+1.


aldonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aldonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


maintenance of stationary phase in response to toxin

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to a build-up of toxins in the environment.


regulation of keratinocyte migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-mannosamine + NAD+ = N-acyl-D-mannosaminolactone + H+ + NADH.


endoplasmic reticulum-autophagosome adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together an ER membrane and an autophagosome during reticulophagy.


positive regulation of tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.


posterior neural plate formation

The formation of posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


regulation of cellular response to alkaline pH

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alkalinity.


N-acylethanolamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines. An N-acylethanolamine is an ethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


negative regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.


discadenine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-dimethylallyladenine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + discadenine + H+.


NADH pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H2O = AMP + NMNH + 2 H+.


positive regulation of muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl (systematic name, hexadecanoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction hexadecanoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-hexadecanoyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + oxaloacetate = GDP + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2.


negative regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.


ripoptosome assembly involved in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to apoptosis via the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + UDP-D-glucose = 4-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)benzoate + H+ + UDP.


anoxia protection

Any process in which an organism or cell protects itself from anoxia, which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to anoxia.


oculomotor nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


positive regulation of protein refolding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein refolding.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichol-phosphate + UDP-D-xylose = dolichyl D-xylosyl phosphate + UDP.


N6-methyl-lysine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-methyl-L-lysine + H2O + O2 = L-lysine + formaldehyde + H2O2.


interleukin-35 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-35 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


unsaturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and one or more unsaturated C-C bonds.


response to homocysteine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.


quercetin 3-sophoroside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl(1->2)glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP + H+.


cellular hypotonic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine in mRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(1)-methyladenine in mRNA.


actin cortical patch organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis.


regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


epithalamus development

The progression of the epithalamus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle.


enone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an enone + NADPH + H+ = a ketone + NADP+.


mediolateral intercalation

The interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


negative regulation of necroptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a necroptotic process, a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


quercitrinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + quercitrin = L-rhamnose + quercetin.


histone H3K18 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18).


beta-alanine catabolic process to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis.


succinylornithine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine = N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


diakinesis

The cell cycle phase which follows diplotene during prophase I of meiosis, the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-(3S,4R)-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrofluorene = 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.


Sec61 translocon complex binding

Binding to a Sec61 translocon complex.


regulation of seed germination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.


lung pattern specification process

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the lung, to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


mRNA 5'-UTR binding

Binding to an mRNA molecule at its 5' untranslated region.


geraniol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving geraniol.


arginine deiminase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine and CO2, using the enzyme arginine deiminase.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde + O2 + H2O <=> H+ + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + hydrogen peroxide.


response to vitamin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.


temperature-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens in response to a temperature stimulus (e.g. exposure to a temperature range different than the optimal temperature for that organism).


regulation of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid progenitor cell differentiation.


endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation.


vellosimine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + vellosimine.


DNA integration

The process in which a DNA segment is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome.


negative regulation of viral genome replication

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.


sulfate adenylyltransferase (ADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + H+ + sulfate = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + phosphate.


regulation of D-xylose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose.


negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.


histone H4K12 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 12 of the histone H4 protein.


cellular response to amyloid-beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a amyloid-beta stimulus.


heart rudiment involution

The inward folding of myocardial tissue derived from the right half of the heart rudiment that will form the future ventral part of the heart tube.


Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-phenylalanine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside = UDP + a flavonol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside.


mannitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


rRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation

The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxymethylceph-3-em-4-carboxylate + carbamoyl-phosphate = phosphate + a 3-carbamoyloxymethylcephem.


glucose catabolic process to pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of pyruvate.


negative regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.


macrophage homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of macrophage cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by macrophage migration inhibitory factor binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of cholesterol import

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cholesterol import. Cholesterol import is the directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.


hyphopodium formation

The process in which a specialized structure, consisted of stalked, thick-walled, lobed cells of vegetative epiphytic hyphae, is formed, to attach and penetrate the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I transmembrane protein complex. One mechanism of suppression is by direct inhibition of host tapasin, a type I transmembrane protein essential for the optimal expression of stable MHC class I molecules on the host cell surface. By inhibiting host tapasin activity, viruses can prevent presentation of their antigens at the cell surface, and thereby evade the host anti-viral immune response.


induction by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

The activation by a symbiont of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


histone H3R17 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 17) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 17). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 17 of histone H3.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + a dihydroceramide = UDP + H+ + a D-glucosyl-N-acylsphinganine.


scutellarein 7-methyl ether 4'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scutellarein 7-methyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> ladanein + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-21 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


pyrogallol 1,2-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + pyrogallol = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + 2 H+.


ephedrine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,2S)-ephedrine + NAD+ = (R)-2-methylimino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol + 2 H+ + NADH.


regulation of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


inositol tetrakisphosphate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (containing 2-phosphate) + ADP.


guard cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the guard cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.


regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.


anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + H+ + an anthocyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside = coenzyme A + H+ + an anthocyanidin-3-O-[6-O-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucoside].


regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


apoptotic process in response to mitochondrial fragmentation

Any apoptotic process that occurs as a result of mitochondrial fragmentation.


trichodiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + trichodiene.


modulation of host virulence by virus

A process by which a virus improves the virulence of its host for that host's respective host. Common in but not limited to bacteriophages; also occurs in phage-bearing bacteria infecting plants or animals for example. Mechanisms include the expression of factors that modulate a bacterial adhesion to a host cell, spread through host tissues, production of exotoxins or provide protection against host immune defenses.


coenzyme M biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme M (2-thioethansulfonate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.


lateral line nerve glial cell migration

The movement of a glial cell along the axons in a lateral line nerve.


5S rRNA primary transcript binding

Binding to an unprocessed 5S ribosomal RNA transcript.


pallium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pallium is the roof region of the telencephalon.


Catalysis of the reactions: taurochenodeoxycholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = taurohyocholate + NADP+ + H2O, and lithocholate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hyodeoxycholate + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation.


pre-mRNA 5'-splice site binding

Binding to a pre-mRNA 5' splice site sequence.


cytokinin receptor activity

Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


non-myelinated axon ensheathment in central nervous system

The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane encircles an axon in the central nervous system.


trans-ACOHDA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate + H2O = fumarylpyruvate + NH3.


GAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAA codon.


6-phospho-beta-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-phospho-beta-D-galactoside + H2O = 6-phospho-D-galactose + an alcohol.


rosmarinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate = CoA + rosmarinate.


cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a vitamin D receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


proteasome-nuclear membrane anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a proteasome complex and a nuclear inner membrane, to maintain the nuclear membrane localization of the proteasome.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 3-epihydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate.


post-embryonic animal morphogenesis

The process, occurring after animal embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized.


negative regulation of muscle atrophy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle atrophy.


negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis.


cobalt ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cobalt (Co) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


mitochondrion localization

Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


response to low humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of low humidity stimulus, reduced moisture in the atmosphere.


positive regulation of hypoxanthine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


malate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = (S)-malate + CoA + H+.


anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


negative regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: tricoumaroyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = dicoumaroyl monocaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: oxalate + succinyl-CoA = oxalyl-CoA + succinate.


photorespiration

A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria.


funalenone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of funalenone.


morphogenesis of an epithelial bud

The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from an epithelial sheet. A bud is a protrusion that forms form the sheet by localized folding.


serine racemase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of free D-serine from L-serine.


regulation of systemic acquired resistance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


larval heart development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper.


renal capsule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a renal capsule from unspecified parts. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.


N-glycan processing

The conversion of N-linked glycan (N = nitrogen) structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking.


negative regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


anterior neural tube closure

The step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired anterior neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.


choline sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + choline = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + choline sulfate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+.


steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor, and in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


G protein-coupled purinergic receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular purine or purine derivative binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


negative regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.


structural constituent of eye lens

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the lens of an eye.


negative regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.


tachykinin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by tachykinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. Tachykinin is a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2).


maintenance of protein location in chloroplast

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a chloroplast, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


complement component C3a receptor activity

Combining with the C3a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-L-dihydrostreptose + streptidine 6-phosphate = O-(1->4)-alpha-L-dihydrostreptosyl-streptidine 6-phosphate + dTDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone.


negative regulation of foraging behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.


fructose 6-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-6-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone + D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.


Lands organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Lands, a class of nuclear body that react against SP140 auto-antibodies.


regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.


glutamate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,3'-dimethylquercetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> quercetin 3,4'-O-diglucoside + UDP(3-).


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-beta-hydroxytaxusin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = 2alpha, 7-beta-dihydroxytaxusin + NADP + H2O.


anterior neural plate formation

The formation of anterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


epithelial tube formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine is a phosphatidylethanolamine substituted at nitrogen by an acyl group.


menstrual cycle

A type of ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.


Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to an Fc-epsilon receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


tricarboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


envenomation resulting in muscle damage in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism.


RNA ligase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ribonucleotide(n) + ribonucleotide(m) = AMP + diphosphate + ribonucleotide(n+m).


benzoylformate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoylformate = benzaldehyde + CO2.


germacrene C synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = germacrene C + diphosphoric acid.


regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.


Catalysis of the transfer of an oleoyl (systematic name, (9Z)-octadecenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] = diphosphate + adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + lipoamide + H+ = S-succinyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.


glutamate catabolic process to 4-hydroxybutyrate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into 4-hydroxybutyrate.


regulation of galactomannan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of galactomannan catabolic process.


maltodextrin water dikinase

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a maltodextrin = AMP + hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin.


poly(alpha-L-guluronate) lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing a terminal alpha-L-guluronate group = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing a terminal a-L-guluronate group, to give oligopolysaccharides with 4-deoxy-a-L-erythro-hex-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.


envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.


cardioblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


mitigation of host defenses by symbiont

A process by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense response. The host defense response is mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a neuropeptide.


regulation of respiratory system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.


response to ribavirin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ribavirin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA + succinate.


choline biosynthetic process via N-monomethylethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate N-monomethylethanolamine.


regulation of stomatal complex development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development.


proton motive force-driven plasma membrane ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across the plasma membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5B + S-adenosylmethionine = S-adenosylhomocysteine + cobalt-precorrin 6A.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


inclusion body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inclusion body.


astrocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


dense core granule docking

The initial attachment of a dense core granule membrane to the plasma membrane.


protein-glycine ligase activity, elongating

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a glycine residue covalently attached to the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamate residue on a target protein, resulting in the elongation of a polyglycine side chain.


isopeptide cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within peptide chains, where either the amino group or the carboxyl group, or both, are not attached to the alpha carbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxymugineic acid + NAD(P)+ = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + NAD(P)H + H+.


iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide

The incorporation of iron and molybdenum into a Mo-7Fe-8S iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide, found in nitrogenase.


ethylene-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the reception of ethylene (ethene, C2H4) by a receptor and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


gliotoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine gliotoxin, a poisonous substance produced by some species of fungi.


alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltopentaose

The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltopentaose.


response to carbendazim

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.


arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-citrulline + NH3.


phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.


myoblast fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


protein catabolic process at presynapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a presynapse.


malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + CO2.


mannoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


inner medullary collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla.


The attachment of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane to a peroxisome via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.


pentitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(P)+ = 3-sulfopyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+.


collagen receptor activity

Combining with a collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


cyclohexanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexanol, the monohydroxy derivative of cyclohexane. It is used as a solvent and blending agent.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol <=> (3Z)-hex-3-en-1-yl acetate + coenzyme A.


prenylcysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


palmitic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of palmitic acid.


tRNA dihydrouridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-uracil + acceptor = tRNA-dihydrouridine + reduced acceptor.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness.


spliceosomal complex disassembly

Disassembly of a spliceosomal complex with the ATP-dependent release of the product RNAs, one of which is composed of the joined exons. In cis splicing, the other product is the excised sequence, often a single intron, in a lariat structure.


(-)-secologanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secologanin.


L-rhamnose 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnofuranose + NAD+ = L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H+ + NADH.


geranial dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranial + NAD+ + OH- = geranylate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: p-hydroxybenzoate + solanesyl pyrophosphate = nonaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.


acetate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA.


cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate, an aromatic hydrocarbon.


regulation of seed growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the seed of an plant.


rubrospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord.


substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

The formation of adhesions that stabilize protrusions at the leading edge of a migrating cell; involves integrin activation, clustering, and the recruitment of structural and signaling components to nascent adhesions.


endosulfan monooxygenase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = endosulfan sulfate + H2O.


peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamine

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine residues by deamidation and esterification with omega-hydroxyceramide.


all-trans retinoic acid 4-hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-(4S)-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


integument development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the integument over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Integument is one of the layers of tissue that usually covers the ovule, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex.


octanoic acid binding

Binding to octanoic acid.


basement membrane assembly involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

Any basement membrane assembly that is involved in embryonic body morphogenesis.


follicle cell of egg chamber-cell adhesion

The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


NADH regeneration

A metabolic process that generates a pool of NADH by the reduction of NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + progesterone = 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + A + H2O.


guanylate kinase-associated protein clustering

The clustering process in which guanylate kinase-associated proteins (GKAPs) are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane. GKAP facilitates assembly of the post synaptic density of neurons.


norbixin methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: norbixin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> bixin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


dauer entry

Entry into the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


folic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


ketoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of a ketone group to form the corresponding alcohol.


tRNA uridine(34) acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uridine(34) in tRNA = 5'-deoxyadenosine + carboxymethyluridine(34) in tRNA + CoA + 2 H+ + L-methionine.


Catalysis of the reaction: sterol + 1,2-diacylglycerol = sterol ester + acylglycerol.


deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage near pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.


ureteric bud formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct. This process begins when the bud protrudes from the duct and ends when it is a recognizable bud.


ventral aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ventral aorta are generated and organized. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


cardiac glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-9,10-dihydrodiol.


autolysis

A programmed cell death process observed in bacteria and filamentous fungi and leading to spontaneous death by lysis. Examples are lysis of the mother cell during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis and self-degradation of fungal cells in Aspergillus nidulans. Autolysis is also involved in bacterial biofilm formation.


striatal medium spiny neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a medium spiny neuron residing in the striatum.


N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation involved in translation

An N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation process that contributes to translation.


positive regulation of heat generation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat generation.


trachea formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.


protein heterooligomerization

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.


protein localization to microtubule minus-end

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule minus-end.


regulation of postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway.


positive regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


regulation of autophagic cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.


spindle checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that that controls a cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle.


peripheral nervous system neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.


ICAM-3 receptor activity

Combining with ICAM-3, intercellular adhesion molecule 3, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. ICAM-3, or CD50, are constitutively expressed on monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes; on physiological stimulation, they become transiently phosphorylated on serine residues.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-reticulinium(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> (R)-laudanine(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


malonate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonate = acetate + malonyl-CoA.


regulation of Kit signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.


1,2-dichloroethane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.


negative regulation of Toll signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.


regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.


metanephric epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


estradiol binding

Binding to estradiol.


histone lysine demethylation

The modification of a histone by the removal of a methyl group from a lysine residue.


positive regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium-dependent phosphate transport.


lateral mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


organomercury biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organomercury compounds, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.