response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotetraside + UDP + H+.


regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


murein tripeptide carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-Dap (murein tripeptide) + H2O = L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu + meso-diaminopimelate.


adenine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.


lens fiber cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


type IIa hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis or cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell.


detection of humidity

The series of events in which a humidity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to caffeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.


2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NAD+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+.


apocarotenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


extracellular regulation of signal transduction

Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region.


amino acid activation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


regulation of neuroinflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


protein decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[protein].


ectoine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


5'-flap endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a 5' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.


6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxohexanoate + NADP+ + H2O = adipate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of intestinal absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.


CENP-A containing chromatin assembly

The formation of chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.


glycolytic process from galactose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.


regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


phyllome development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a phyllome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A phyllome is a collective term for all the different types of leaves appearing on plants.


cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT + NADP+ = NADPH + 2,3-dihydroxy DDT.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.


lysosomal lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


lactoylglutathione lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = glutathione + methylglyoxal.


positive regulation of lymphangiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.


kidney smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


endothelial tip cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial tip cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. An endothelial tip cell is a specialized endothelial cell localized to the leading edge of an angiogenic sprout that senses extracellular signals and guides the directed growth of blood vessels.


thiamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels

The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.


metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


positive regulation of entry into reproductive diapause

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


positive regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.


mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering

The attachment of a mitochondrion and an endoplasmic reticulum via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


proboscis extension reflex

The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus.


positive regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.


inferior olivary nucleus structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the inferior olivary nucleus structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


Catalysis of the reaction: lithocholate + NAD+ = 3-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADH.


ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of small proteins, such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


primary amine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a primary amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + ATP + tRNA(Ile) = L-isoleucyl-tRNA(Ile) + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an oligodendrocyte. Oligodendrocytes belong to a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, where they form the insulating myelin sheath of axons.


negative regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.


fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.


cellulase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans.


granzyme A production

The appearance of granzyme A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate + D-lysinium(1+) + ATP <=> UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-D-lysine + ADP + hydrogenphosphate + H+.


response to catechin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catechin stimulus.


cellular response to hydroxyisoflavone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.


collagen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.


3-oxo-myristate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-myristate + H+ <=> 2-tridecanone + carbon dioxide.


peptidyl-lactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine

The modification of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to lactic acid.


response to molecule of oomycetes origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.


riboflavin phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + riboflavin = D-glucose + FMN.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, galactomannans, glucomannans, and galactoglucomannans.


negative regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.


type II pneumocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type II pneumocyte. A type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies.


methyl tert-butyl ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl tert-butyl ether, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a synthetic chemical which is mixed with gasoline for use in reformulated gasoline. It was first introduced as an additive for unleaded gasoline in the 1980s. It is also used as a laboratory reagent and a pharmaceutical agent.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-fructose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + fructose(out) = protein histidine + fructose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


metanephric short nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.


positive regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation.


pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that interacts with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.


toxin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a toxin from one side of a membrane to the other. A toxin is a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


DNA ligase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + deoxyribonucleotide(n) + deoxyribonucleotide(m) = AMP + nicotinamide nucleotide + deoxyribonucleotide(n+m).


diphosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a diphosphate group from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor).


phenylacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1,4-benzoquinone + H2O + phenylacetyl-CoA = 2 hydroquinone + phenylglyoxylyl-CoA.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.


positive regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


8-oxocoformycin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coformycin + NADP+ = 8-oxocoformycin + 2 H+ + NADPH.


IMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + acyl-CoA = 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerol + CoA.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission

Modulation of synaptic transmittion by cell-cell signaling across the synaptic cleft from postsynapse to presynapse, mediated by a neuropeptide.


cellular response to hydrogen sulfide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen sulfide stimulus.


intronic box H/ACA snoRNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box H/ACA snoRNA.


ADP-ribose diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribose + H2O = AMP + D-ribose 5-phosphate.


negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


regulation of striated muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydroxypteridine = H+ + xanthine-8-carboxylate.


external genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.


cellular response to decane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decane stimulus.


maintenance of seed dormancy

Any process that maintains a seed in a dormant state.


histone crotonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: crotonyl-CoA + histone = CoA + crotonyl-histone.


response to axon injury

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-reticulinium(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + laudanine(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


fluorene oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = H2O + 9-fluorenol.


positive regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


chlorophyll synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + 2 H+ + phytyl diphosphate = chlorophyll a + diphosphate.


L-idonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-idonate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-idonate is an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.


endothelial microparticle formation

The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from an endothelial cell.


cellular response to alcohol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus.


envenomation resulting in plasminogen activation in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of plasminogen into plasmin in the bitten organism. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.


IkappaB kinase complex binding

Binding to a IkappaB kinase complex.


purine ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


lamellipodium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lamellipodium. A lamellipodium is a thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a crawling fibroblast; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.


ABC-type fatty-acyl-CoA transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction ATP + H2O + fatty acyl CoA(Side 1) <=> ADP + phosphate + fatty acyl CoA(Side 2). A fatty acyl CoA group is any acyl group derived from a fatty acid with a coenzyme A group attached to it.


crotonyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA.


negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.


endocardial cushion development

The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


peptidyl-tryptophan hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tryptophan, to form peptidyl-L-3-hydroxytryptophan.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + L-propargylglycine = ADP + H+ + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + phosphate.


dendrite self-avoidance

The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell.


dimethylarsinate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylarsinate + 3 H+ + 2 e- = dimethylarsinous acid + H2O.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels. This is the first step in synaptic transmission.


cellular response to erythromycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1E,2Z)-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate + H2O <=> 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oate + (2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + H+.


diplotene

The cell cycle phase which follows pachytene during prophase I of meiosis, during which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.


nitrogen fixation

The process in which nitrogen is taken from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other chemical processes, such as ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + acetate.


protein lipidation involved in autophagosome assembly

The protein lipidation process by which phosphatidylethanolamine is conjugated to a protein of the ATG8 family, leading to membrane insertion of the protein as a step in autophagosome assembly.


delta-carotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of delta-carotene.


septin ring assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form an organized structure resembling a ring at the cell cortex.


SAGA complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SAGA complex, a SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Spt8 (in budding yeast) or a homolog thereof.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene <=> 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


plant organ formation

The process that gives rise to the plant organ. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.


negative regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.


glycolipid mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


oculomotor nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


positive regulation of cell volume

Any process that increases cell volume.


negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.


peptidyl-threonine modification

The modification of peptidyl-threonine.


seed dormancy process

A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a seed. Seed dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth in a seed, including the embryo contained therein, that can be reactivated. It often requires special conditions for reactivation, such as specific temperature, scarification, or leaching of inhibitors.


sequestering of nodal from receptor via nodal binding

Binding to a nodal protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting nodal signaling by preventing nodal from binding to its cell surface receptor.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in kidney development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the kidney over time.


dorsal/ventral axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


anterior cibarial plate morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior cibarial plate are generated and organized.


DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity

Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


inulin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inulin.


afferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.


protease localization to mast cell secretory granule

Any process in which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.


fructose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.


flavonoid sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavonoid + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = sulfated flavonoid + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate. This reaction is the transfer of a sulfate group to the hydroxyl group of a flavonoid acceptor, producing the sulfated flavonoid derivative.


UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = CO2 + UDP-alpha-D-xylose.


positive regulation of cellobiose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.


dolichol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.


peptidyl-lysine carboxyethylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-1-carboxyethyl-L-lysine.


arugosin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arugosin.


negative regulation of response to amylopectin

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin.


T cell tolerance induction

A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in T cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell

The attachment of a leukocyte to an arterial endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.


leucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


methyl-CpNpG binding

Binding to a methylated cytosine/unspecified/guanine trinucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferide + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,4'-dimethylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.


positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


retinal binding

Binding to retinal, one of the forms of vitamin A. Retinal plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates, combining with opsins to form visual pigments in the retina.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine + pyruvate = L-alanine + pyridoxal.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate = 3'-dephospho-CoA + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a peptidoglycan dimer (tetrapeptide) + 3 H2O = a peptidoglycan tetramer with L,D cross-links (L-Lys-D-Asn-L-Lys) + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + 4 D-alanine.


apoptosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the apoptosome, a multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process.


thymine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thymine + acceptor = 5-methyl-barbiturate + donor-H2.


clathrin coat disassembly

The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.


abequosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-abequose + D-mannosyl-L-rhamnosyl-D-galactose-1-diphospholipid = CDP + D-abequosyl-D-mannosyl-rhamnosyl-D-galactose-1-diphospholipid.


anaerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.


olfactory behavior

The behavior of an organism in response to an odor.


cartilage condensation

The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes.


response to acetate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


regulation of organelle transport along microtubule

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle transport along microtubule.


epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis.


disproportionation of elemental sulfur

The process in which sulfur compounds with an intermediate oxidation state serve as both electron donors and electron acceptors in an energy-generating redox process. The reaction takes place anaerobically, in light and in the absence of CO2.


negative regulation of lung alveolus development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.


histone H3R2 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 2) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 2). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 2 of histone H3.


lipoxygenase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase.


macrolide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving macrolides, any of a large group of polyketide compounds that contain a large lactone ring with few or no double bonds and no nitrogen atoms, linked glycosidically to one or more sugar groups. The macrolides include the carbomycins, the erythromycins, oleandomycin, oligomycins, and the spiramycins, and act as antibiotics, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria.


seminal vesicle epithelium development

The progression of the seminal vesicle epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


somatic diversification of immunoglobulins

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + 3 H+ = 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone is also known as 2-methyl-6-solanesylplastoquinol and all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate as solanesyl diphosphate.


PRC1 complex binding

Binding to a PRC1 complex.


purine nucleobase salvage

Any process that generates purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


regulation of adenosine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


aerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron donor

The oxidation of nitrite (NO2) to nitrate (NO3), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Nitrite oxidation is the final step in nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, and nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR) is the key enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of nitrite to nitrate in nitrite oxidizing species.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol = 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


COPII vesicle uncoating

The process in which COPII vesicle coat proteins are disassembled, and released.


glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) + ATP = L-glutamate + glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln) + phosphate + ADP.


renal cortex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.


cellular response to antibiotic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.


alpha-amylase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more alpha-(1->4)-linked D-glucose units.


apical dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an apical dendrite are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a [release factor]-L-glutamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a [release factor]-N5-methyl-L-glutamine.


1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-1-phenylethanol = acetophenone + H2.


ATP adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + ATP = phosphate + P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate.


sulfite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfite ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


discadenine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine.


NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+, driving the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other. In the course of the reaction (left to right) one H atom is transferred from inside the cell to outside. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to both NAD+ and NADP+.


glycerate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP + 2 H+.


response to brassinosteroid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.


regulation protein catabolic process at presynapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the presynapse.


bacteriochlorophyll binding

Binding to bacteriochlorophyll, a form of chlorophyll found in photosynthetic bacteria, such as the purple and green bacteria. There are several types, designated a to g. Bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll b are structurally similar to the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b found in plants.


pouch outgrowth involved in semicircular canal formation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis and gives rise to a pouch that will form a semicircular canal.


ensheathment of neuronal cell bodies

The process in which satellite glial cells isolate neuronal cell bodies.


negative regulation of transporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter.


indole-2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = indolin-2-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


establishment of body hair planar orientation

Orientation of body hairs, projections from the surface of an organism, such that the hairs all point in a uniform direction along the surface.


interleukin-33 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-33 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-lysine 6-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H2O + O2 = allysine + H2O2 + NH4.


GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from mannose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from mannose.


cellular response to interleukin-17

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


leucoanthocyanidin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O = 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+.


double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends

During DSBR via single-strand annealing, the removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.


killing by virus of host cell by post-segregational killing

The process by which a virus causes the death of daughter cells which do not contain its genes after host cell division, by a mechanism of post-segregational killing (PSK). The extrachromosomal viral DNA consist of two genes; the product of the second is long lived and toxic, while the product of the first is short lived and antagonizes the lethal action of the toxin. Daughter cells that do not contain the viral extrachromosomal element are killed by the long lived toxin, while daughter cells that do contain the viral extrachromosomal element are protected by the action of the short lived antitoxin it encodes.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan. GAG is a heteropolysaccharide composed of alpha-1,4 linked galactose, N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) and galactosamine (GalN).


regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into cell.


choline-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choline sulfate + H2O = choline + H+ + sulfate.


UDP-rhamnose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


regulation of Schwann cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.


6-phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + n H2O + a 6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin = n AMP + n hydrogenphosphate + a poly-6-phosphogluco-maltodextrin.


TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex.


sn-glycerol 3-phosphate binding

Binding to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


aminoacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acyl-L-amino acid + H2O = a carboxylate + an L-amino acid.


fatty acid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell.


evasion of host innate immune recognition

A process by which a symbiont avoids recognition by host's innate immune response by altering a conserved molecule recognized by the host's cell surface and intracellular innate immune receptors, including Toll-like receptors, and NOD-like receptors. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to Aroclor 1254

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an Aroclor 1254 stimulus.


regulation of ascus development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.


positive regulation of border follicle cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.


negative regulation of steroid metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.


negative regulation of horizontal cell localization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of horizontal cell localization.


positive regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation.


myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis

The movement of a myeloid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


lupeol 28-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lupeol + NADPH(4-) + O2 + H+ <=> betulin + NADP(3-) + H2O.


shikimate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H+.


10-oxogeraniol oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6E)-8-oxogeraniol + NADP <=> (6E)-8-oxogeranial + NADPH + H+.


structural constituent of egg chorion

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of an egg chorion. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: zeaxanthin + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 O2 <=> nostoxanthin + 2 NAD + 2 H2O.


negative regulation of hormone metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.


lymph gland plasmatocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte.


negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.


violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: violaxanthin + 2 ascorbate = zeaxanthin + 2 dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O; and antheraxanthin + ascorbate = zeaxanthin + dehydroascorbate + H2O.


pigment accumulation

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.


low-affinity IgE receptor activity

Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


protein retention in Golgi apparatus

The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known.


fourth ventricle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fourth ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.


L-ascorbate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 L-ascorbate + O2 <=> 4 monodehydroascorbate + 2 H2O.


RNA strand-exchange activity

Facilitates the displacement of one strand of an RNA-RNA duplex and its replacement with a different strand of higher complementarity.


choline biosynthetic process via CDP-choline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate CDP-choline.


superior raphe nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


creatinine catabolic process to formate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine into other compounds, including formate.


4-hydroxybenzoate amino acid synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + ATP + amino acid = 4-hydroxybenzoyl amino acid conjugate + AMP + diphosphate.


S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase NADP activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NADP+ = S-formylglutathione + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of Schwann cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.


ventral midline development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate.


negative regulation of synoviocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synoviocyte proliferation.


dirigent protein activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 2 coniferol + O2 <=> (+)-pinoresinol + 2 H2O.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in lung bud formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the formation of the primary lung bud.


5S rRNA binding

Binding to a 5S ribosomal RNA, the smallest RNA constituent of a ribosome.


ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the compact cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


flavin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


high-affinity zinc transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other, probably powered by proton motive force. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


shikimate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of shikimate from one side of a membrane to the other. Shikimate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.


mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.


peptide cross-linking via (2R,6R)-lanthionine

The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-serine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2R,6R)-lanthionine (L-lanthionine).


fruit ripening

An developmental maturation process that has as participant a fruit. Ripening causes changes in one or more characteristics of a fruit (color, aroma, flavor, texture, hardness, cell wall structure) and may make it more attractive to animals and aid in seed dispersal.


response to photoperiod, blue light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a blue light photoperiod stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


halogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any halogen, elements of Group VII; includes metabolism of halogen-containing compounds.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.


corrin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.


peptidyl-threonine octanoylation

The octanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


dCMP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dCMP + H2O = dUMP + NH3.


Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to an Fc-gamma receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.


renal capsule specification

The regionalization process in which the identity of the renal capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


hyponitrite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 hydroxylamine + 2 NAD+ = 2 H+ + hyponitrous acid + 2 NADH.


ciliary body morphogenesis

The process in which the ciliary body generated and organized. The ciliary body is the circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->6) linkages in (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.


neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell differentiation

The process in which a neural crest cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the heart.


mitochondrial protein-transporting ATPase activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the mitochondrion via the mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex.


molybdenum incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of molybdenum into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


cellular response to glutathione

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glutathione stimulus.


formation of peptidyl-cystine persulfide by sulphur transfer from H2S

The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the direct addition of H2S, followed by the removal of 2 protons to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.


folate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrofolate + NADP+ = folate + NADPH + H+.


glyoxal metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxal.


1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.


NAD+ binding

Binding to the oxidized form, NAD, of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions.


regulation of stomatal complex patterning

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex patterning.


response to mycophenolic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.


3,5-dichloro-THPH methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


UDP-glucuronic acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + NAD+ = UDP-beta-L-threo-pentapyranos-4-ulose + CO2 + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: selenocysteine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = Se-methylselenocysteine + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


oxalate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.


4-hydroxytryptamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxytryptamine + ATP = 4-hydoxytryptamine 4-phosphate + ADP + H+.


tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. The tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a tryptophan-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


mammillotegmental axonal tract development

The process in which the mammillotegmental tract progresses over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammillotegmental tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the tegmentum and pons.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


regulation of dopamine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination

A histone ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.


regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the force of skeletal muscle contraction. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through the formation of cross bridges.


neural plate axis specification

The pattern specification process in which the axes of the nervous system are established.


NAD-dependent protein de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2-hydroxyisobutanoyl)-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


galactoxylomannan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the exopolysaccharide galactoxylomannan. Galactoxylomannan is produced by a pathogenic fungus and causes paralysis in some animals.


lysosomal membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosomal membrane. A lysosomal membrane is the lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.


7S RNA binding

Binding to a 7S RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle (SRP).


negative regulation of cellotriose metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.


phototropism

The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to a light stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.


formation of peptidyl-cystine persulfide by sulphur transfer from free cysteine

The modification of a peptidyl-cystine residue in a protein by the transfer of a sulfur atom from a free cysteine (in the process converting the free cysteine to alanine) to the peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-cysteine persulfide.


phenol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.


mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric nephron tubule are generated and organized. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros.


peptidyl-pyrromethane cofactor linkage

The covalent binding of a pyrromethane (dipyrrin) cofactor to protein via the sulfur atom of cysteine forming dipyrrolylmethanemethyl-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: P1-P6-bis(5'-adenosyl) hexaphosphate + H2O = AMP + adenosine 5'-pentaphosphate.


negative regulation of vasculature development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development.


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the cerebral peduncle

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the internal capsule through the cerebral peduncle in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


The methylation of 5-hydroxy-L-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.


(R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate = NADPH + H+ + 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate.


regulation of cellodextrin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellodextrin catabolic process.


sevenless signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to sevenless (sev; a receptor tyrosine kinase) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of nerve growth factor production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of nerve growth factor (NGF).


eoxin E4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin D4 + H20 = eoxin E4 + glycine.


medulla reticulospinal tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the medulla towards target cells in the spinal cord.


cellular response to lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus.


FAT10 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of FAT10 from one protein to another via the reaction X-FAT10 + Y = Y-FAT10 + X, where both the X-FAT10 and Y-FAT10 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of FAT10 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state.


activation-induced cell death of T cells

A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen and is triggered by T cell receptor stimulation and signals transmitted via various surface-expressed members of the TNF receptor family such as Fas ligand, Fas, and TNF and the p55 and p75 TNF receptors.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + aminoglycoside = diphosphate + nucleotidylaminoglycoside.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


homocysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid. Homocysteine is an important intermediate in the metabolic reactions of its S-methyl derivative, methionine.


snRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an snRNA molecule.


embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal.


regulation of vesicle docking

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle docking.


antennal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antenna over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antenna are the sensory structures on the head that are capable of detecting various environmental stimuli.


angioblast cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an angioblast cell. Angioblasts are one of the two products formed from hemangioblast cells (the other being pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells).


peptidyl-lysine malonylation

The addition of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO) to peptidyl-lysine to form N6-malonyl-L-lysine.


adult salivary gland boundary specification

Determination in an adult organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.


propionate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of propionate from one side of a membrane to the other. Propionate (or propanoate) is the organic acid CH3-CH2-COOH.


The dehydration of peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-cyano-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: a branched-chain amino acid + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + a 2-oxocarboxylate derived from the branched-chain amino acid.


negative regulation of ovulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


perturbation by symbiont of host actin cytoskeleton via actin filament reorganization

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host actin cytoskeleton by reorganizing the actin filaments, in a way that keeps the total filementous actin remains approximately constant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cell-matrix recognition

Cell recognition that involves the interaction of the cell with the extracellular matrix.


mammary gland duct regression in males

The process in which the epithelium of the mammary duct is destroyed in males.


N-methyl nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-methylxanthosine + H2O = 7-methylxanthine + H+ + ribofuranose.


cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


phosphoserine-tRNA(Cys) ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Cys) + O-phospho-L-serine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys).


protein localization to cytosolic proteasome complex

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytosolic proteasome complex.


nucleobase binding

Binding to a nucleobase, any of a class of pyrmidines or purines, organic nitrogenous bases.


protein localization to actin cortical patch

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, an actin cortical patch.


phlobaphene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.


positive regulation of heart rate by norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


basket cell precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to basket cells. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


regulation of G0 to G1 transition

A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.


gluconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O.


positive regulation of mast cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mast cell proliferation.


7SK snRNA binding

Binding to a 7SK small nuclear RNA (7SK snRNA).


bisdemethoxycurcumin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 4-coumaryl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H2O + H+ <=> 3 coenzyme A + bisdemethoxycurcumin + 2 carbon dioxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myricetin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + laricitrin.


ectopic germ cell programmed cell death

Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + NADPH = ADP + L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate.


1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity (SN2-16:2 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


response to blue light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


glial cell migration in anterior lateral line nerve

The movement of a glial cell along the axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.


regulation of proline import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline import into cell.


bromide peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 R-H + 2 bromide + H2O2 = 2 R-Br + 2 H2O. Enzymes with this activity often accept other halide ions as substrates, including chloride and iodide.


regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + choline phosphate = diphosphate + CDP-choline.


schizogony

Cell division by multiple fission in which nuclei and other organelles in the parent cell divide repeatedly and move to the cell periphery before internal membranes develop around them, producing a large number of daughter cells simultaneously.


inhibitory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an inhibitory C-type lectin receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


vacuole-mitochondria membrane tethering

The attachment of a mitochondrial membrane to a vacuolar membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


Catalysis of the reaction: coniferyl aldehyde + H2O + NAD(P)+ = ferulate + NAD(P)H + H+.


heme oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in heme.


negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene + UDP-glucose = 2-hydroxy-1-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.


disruption of host cell envelope during viral entry

The disruption of host cell envelope by viral proteins during virus entry.


plasmid maintenance

The maintenance of the integrity of extrachromosomal plasmid DNA; includes processes that ensure plasmids are retained in the daughter cells after cell division.


R-loop processing

A DNA metabolic process that results in the disassembly of R-loops. R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures consisitng of an RNA:DNA heteroduplex and a looped-out non-template strand. Aberrant formation and persistence of R-loops block transcription elongation and cause DNA damage. Mechanisms that resolve R-loops are essential for genome stability.


deoxynucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Catalyzes transport of all four deoxy (d) NDPs, and, less efficiently, the corresponding dNTPs, in exchange for dNDPs, ADP, or ATP.


cell growth mode switching, filamentous to budding

The process in which a cell switches from growing as a filament (elongated cells attached end-to-end) to growing as a round budding cell. An example of this is observed in Candida albicans.


negative regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


cerebellum vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the vasculature of the cerebellum is generated and organized.


regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.


cellular response to diosgenin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diosgenin stimulus.


dihydroorotase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + H2O = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + H+.


renal sodium excretion

The elimination of sodium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3-tri-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoylglycerol + N-(30-hydroxytriacontanoyl)-sphing-4-enine = di-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoylglycerol + N-[30-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyloxy)-triacontanoyl]-sphing-4-enine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-O-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl]-L-seryl-[protein] + H+ + UDP.


propan-2-ol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propan-2-ol.


dehiscence

The opening of an anther, fruit or other structure, which permits the escape of reproductive bodies contained within it.


isoflavonoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids, containing a flavan skeleton. They are differentiated from flavonoids by the point of attachment of the aromatic ring group.


sesamin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (+)-piperitol + NADPH + O2 <=> (+)-sesamin + NADP + 2 H2O.


CCL19-activated CCR7 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL19 to a C-C chemokine type 7 receptor (CCR7) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The movement of a cell along the process of a radial glial cell involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.


anhydrosialidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acetylneuraminate glycoside = 2,7-anhydro-alpha-N-acetylneuraminate + an alpha-sialyl group. This reaction is the elimination of alpha-sialyl groups in N-acetylneuraminic acid glycosides, releasing 2,7-anhydro-alpha-N-acetylneuraminate.


glucocorticoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


Mo-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


phosphogluconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-D-gluconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-6-phospho-D-gluconate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + medicagenate <=> UDP(3-) + a medicagenate monoglucoside.


quinoline 2-oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quinoline + acceptor + H2O = isoquinolin-1(2H)-one + reduced acceptor.


negative regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


negative regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast apoptotic process.


hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-prolyl-[hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunit] + O2 = CO2 + succinate + trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl-[hypoxia-inducible factor alpha subunit].


saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-lysine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-quinovosamine + NAD(P) = UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose + H+ + NAD(P)H.


specification of axis polarity

The pattern specification process in which the polarity of a body or organ axis is established and maintained.


positive regulation of T cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.


negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in stem cell population maintenance

Any negative regulation of cell differentiation that is involved in stem cell population maintenance.


heterotrimeric G-protein binding

Binding to a heterotrimeric G-protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + alpha-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine.


slime layer organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a slime layer. A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell.


protein-heme P460 linkage

The linkage of protein to heme P460.


background adaptation

Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity.


regulation of neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicles.


D-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabitol is converted into D-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to form D-xylulose-5-phosphate.


preribosome binding

Binding to a preribosome.


RNA polymerase IV activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase IV specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


verruculogen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of verruculogen.


anaerobic fructose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the absence of oxygen.


molybdenum cofactor cytidylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction CTP + molybdenum cofactor = diphosphate + cytidylyl molybdenum cofactor.


histidine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine + acetyl-CoA = N(alpha)-acetyl-L-histidine + CoA + H+.


retinal blood vessel morphogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of nematode larval development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of nematode larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (for example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.


eye-antennal disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of an eye-antennal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.


right ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the right ventricular compact myocardium are generated and organized.


positive regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.


engulfment of apoptotic cell

The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.


regulation of foraging behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of foraging behavior.


hormonal regulation of the force of heart contraction

The process in which the hormones modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


gentisate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + hydroquinone.


response to interleukin-6

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-6 stimulus.


protein-hormone receptor activity

Combining with a protein hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


box H/ACA RNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box H/ACA RNA molecule.


peptide cross-linking via L-cystine

The oxidation of two peptidyl-cysteine residues to form a peptidyl-L-cystine (dicysteine) in which segments of peptide chain are linked by a disulfide bond; the cross-link may be between different or the same peptide chain.


regulation of nitrogen utilization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.


myoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers.


positive regulation of systemic acquired resistance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a myeloid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


gibberellin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-5 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


phytochrome chromophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the phytochrome chromophore. The phytochrome chromophore is a linear tetrapyrrolic prosthetic group covalently attached to the large soluble protein phytochrome. Light absorption by the phytochrome chromophore triggers photoconversion between two spectrally distinct forms of the photoreceptor: Pr, the red light absorbing form, and Pfr, the far red light absorbing form.


myrtenol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myrtenol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2 H2O + myrtenal.


mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding

Binding to a region containing frequent adenine and uridine bases within the 3' untranslated region of a mRNA molecule or in pre-mRNA intron. The ARE-binding element consensus is UUAUUUAUU. ARE-binding proteins control the stability and/or translation of mRNAs.


development of primary male sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary male sexual characteristics are the testes, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.


regulation of mitotic cytokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.


establishment of plant organ orientation

The process that determines the orientation of a plant organ or tissue with reference to an axis.


cardiac neuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron of the heart.


response to desipramine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desipramine stimulus.


pro-B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed.


mannan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannan, the main hemicellulose of soft (coniferous) wood, made up of D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose.


fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


cellular response to catecholamine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catecholamine stimulus. A catecholamine is any of a group of biogenic amines that includes 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex.


tRNA N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cytidine = CoA + N4-acetylcytidine. The cytidine is within the polynucleotide chain of a tRNA.


terpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.


positive regulation of oogonium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.


alcohol O-hexanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a hexyl ester.


cis-zeatin UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cis-zeatin = H+ + 9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)-cis-zeatin + UDP.


regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


inosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inosine = ADP + IMP.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.


negative regulation of metabolic activity involved in hibernation

The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy as a part of hibernation.


cellular biogenic amine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.


cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity

cAMP-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me3.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in neuron projection guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in neuron projection guidance.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + NAD+ = 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + H+ + NADH.


zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + gypsogenin = gypsogenin-28-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


(+)-delta-cadinene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (+)-delta-cadinene.


regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.


protein C-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a C atom.


hermaphrodite somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a hermaphroditic organism's soma. An example of this is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


lymph circulation

The flow of lymph through the body of an animal.


inorganic diphosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of inorganic diphosphate across a membrane.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glutamate(out) + Na+(out) = glutamate(in) + Na+(in).


ornithine N-benzoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + 2 benzoyl-CoA = N(2),N(5)-dibenzoyl-L-ornithine + 2 CoA + 2 H+.


The acetylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-methionine.


mannose to fructose-6-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways in which mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, is converted to fructose-6-phosphate.


coenzyme A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.


5'-3' DNA/RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the 5' to 3' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


SCF complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the SKP1-Cullin/Cdc53-F-box protein ubiquitin ligase (SCF) complex.


positive regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.


regulation of xylan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.