cellular response to disaccharide stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.


regulation of distal tip cell migration

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


sweat gland development

The progression of the sweat gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Sweat glands secrete an aqueous solution that is used in thermoregulation.


tolerance induction to lipopolysaccharide

Tolerance induction directed at lipopolysaccharide antigens.


glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + quinate = O-feruloylquinate + CoA.


negative regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


pyochelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


tubulin-glycine ligase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target tubulin molecule; acts on alpha or beta tubulin.


determination of sensory modality

The determination of the type or quality of a sensation. Sensory modalities include touch, thermal sensation, visual sensation, auditory sensation and pain.


cellular response to glucoside

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus.


neutral lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.


fasciculation of motor neuron axon

The collection of motor neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


ethylene receptor activity

Combining with ethylene and transmitting the signal in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity.


7-oxateasterone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + teasterone + NADPH + O2 <=> 7-oxateasterone + NADP + H2O.


oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


myoblast fate determination involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + methylarsonite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dimethylarsinate.


skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle fiber cell. Skeletal muscle fiber differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual skeletal muscle fibers fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + betaine = N,N-dimethylglycine + L-methionine.


glucuronate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.


negative regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.


asparagine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


indolalkylamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.


N-methyl-L-amino-acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-methyl-L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = an L-amino acid + formaldehyde + H2O2.


actin filament fragmentation

The severing of actin filaments into numerous short fragments, usually mediated by actin severing proteins.


isoprene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + isoprene.


regulation of cytokinesis, site selection

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.


iron incorporation into hydrogenase diiron subcluster via L-cysteine ligation

The incorporation of iron into an L-cysteinyl diiron subcluster, found in Fe-hydrogenase.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.


regulation of cellular response to drug

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug.


regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


androgen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.


N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid = CO2 + NH3 + D-amino acid.


peptide cross-linking via 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine

The modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.


inner ear receptor cell differentiation involved in inner ear sensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new inner ear sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


arsenite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other.


quercetin gentiotrioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiotrioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> quercetin-3-gentiotetraside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol = 9,10-anthraquinone + 4 H+ + 4 e-.


vetispiradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + vetispiradiene.


medulla oblongata morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the medulla oblongata is generated and organized. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


leukocyte chemotaxis

The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus.


C-4 methylsterol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + 6 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 5 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-beta-hydroxymethyl-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + 6 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 4 H2O.


regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + H2O = D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + acetate. This reaction is the second step of the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), used to anchor various eukaryotic proteins to the cell-surface membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glyoxylate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate.


nail development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nail over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the outer end of a finger or toe, and consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it.


meiotic prophase II

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


ecdysone O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + palmitoyl-CoA = CoA + ecdysone palmitate.


agmatine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + ATP = N(4)-phosphoagmatine + ADP + 3 H+.


glycosphingolipid binding

Binding to glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.


negative regulation of muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.


positive regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


lipopolysaccharide binding

Binding to a lipopolysaccharide.


cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall polysaccharides.


mithramycin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mithramycin + NADP = mithramycin DK + NADPH + H+.


apical constriction

The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


primary cell septum disassembly

Dissolution of the primary septum during cell separation.


modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


interleukin-1, type I, activating receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity via signaling pathways and mediated by adaptor proteins.


renal filtration

A renal system process in which fluid circulating through the body is filtered through a barrier system.


acetylputrescine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylputrescine + H2O = acetate + putrescine.


methyl ethyl ketone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


copper chaperone activity

Directly binding to and delivering copper ions to a target protein.


2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone 6C-glucoside dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-glucosyl-2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone <=> H+ + 6C-hexosyl chrysin + H2O.


regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.


valine dehydrogenase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NADP+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADPH.


abscisic acid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + UDP-D-glucose = abscisic acid glucose ester + UDP.


protein-lysine lysylation

The addition of lysine group to a lysine residue in a protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


chlorophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.


detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


quercetin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quercetin.


negative regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerone + phosphoenolpyruvate = glycerone phosphate + pyruvate.


cellular response to gibberellin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.


The methylation of a glutamine residue in proteins to form the peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative.


16S rRNA (guanine(1207)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


purine deoxyribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.


negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


enoyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxy-fatty acyl-CoA = a enoyl-CoA + H2O. This reaction usually occurs in the reverse direction, leading to the reduction of the double bound of enoyl-CoA in position 2 or 3. Specific reactions catalyzed include: a 4-saturated-(3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a (3E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O and a (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O.


methanopterin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a methanopterin.


DNA methylation on cytosine within a CHH sequence

The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within an asymmetric CHH sequence in a DNA molecule. H stands for an adenine, cytosine, or thymine nucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 3-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + UDP.


cysteine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O2 = 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H+.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


negative regulation of myofibroblast contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.


ISG15 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier ISG15, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


GCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCC codon.


regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


replication fork processing

The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled is restored to a functional state and replication is restarted. The stalling may be due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes.


modulation by host of symbiont transcription

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont's transcription.


dendrite arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated and organized into dendritic branches.


regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.


enterocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an enterocyte.


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate + H2O = ADP + AMP + 2 H+.


mitochondrial transcription

The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (5alpha)-campestan-3-one + O2 + NADPH <=> (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + H2O + NADP.


neuron projection fasciculation

The collection of neuronal projections into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-methylthioheptylhydroximate <=> H+ + 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


polarity specification of proximal/distal axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the proximal/distal axis.


actinorhodin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of actinorhodin.


response to borneol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a borneol stimulus.


magnesium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell.


ubiquinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


FMN biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FMN, the oxidized form of flavin mononucleotide (riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)), which acts as a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.


ethanolamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).


dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.


negative regulation of signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.


dTDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by Wnt signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.


Notch receptor processing, ligand-dependent

The proteolytic cleavages to the Notch protein that occur as a result of ligand binding. Ligand binding at the cell surface exposes an otherwise inaccessible cleavage site in the extracellular portion of Notch, which when cleaved releases a membrane-tethered form of the Notch intracellular domain. Subsequent cleavage within the transmembrane domain then leads to the release of the soluble Notch intracellular domain (NICD).


response to acadesine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.


oripavine 6-O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oripavine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> morphinone + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


acharan sulfate lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in acharan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with a uniformly repeating disaccharide structure of alpha-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronic acid.


cellular response to biotin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.


cellular response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.


negative regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


regulation of dopamine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.


aldosterone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.


single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate

A viral genome replication where the template is single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), and which proceeds via a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) intermediate molecule. Viral genomic RNA is first reverse transcribed into dsDNA, which integrates into the host chromosomal DNA, where it is transcribed by host RNA polymerase II.


emericellin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellin.


aerobic beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane that occur in presence of oxygen.


basophil activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.


regulation of response to osmotic stress

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress.


rRNA binding

Binding to a ribosomal RNA.


sensory perception of itch

A sensory perception which causes the desire or reflex to scratch.


pelvic fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pelvic fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + H+(out) = succinate(in) + H+(in).


regulation of gliogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.


calcitonin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide calcitonin.


hard palate morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a hard palate is generated and organized.


cellular component morphogenesis

The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized.


amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

The progression of an amphid sensory organ's neuronal dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


direct ossification

The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues.


GATOR1 complex binding

Binding to a GATOR1 complex.


glial cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linoleate + O2 = A + crepenynate + 2 H2O.


male somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a male organism's soma.


alpha,alpha-trehalase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.


vesicle fusion

Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.


regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


vasoconstriction of artery involved in baroreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


neuron projection guidance

The process in which the migration of a neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


cell wall pectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


pteridine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


kinin cascade

A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell that occur as a result of by-products of tissue damage, including collagen, cartilage, and basement membrane. The ultimate product of the kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio

The process in which the size of the nucleus with respect to its cytoplasm is sensed by a cell.


histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me3.


phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + ATP + H2O = D-phenylalanine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


uracil transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N(4)-methylcytidine in rRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


mitochondrial mRNA modification

The covalent alteration within the mitochondrion of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


demethoxycurcumin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA + H2O <=> demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


peptide-acetyl-CoA secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of peptide-acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5,3'-L-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + acceptor + H+ = L-thyroxine + donor-H2.


regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde.


defense response by callose deposition

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + ATP = 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.


cellular response to vitamin B2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.


structural constituent of proteasome

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the proteasome.


cochlear outer hair cell electromotile response

A rapid, force generating length change of an outer hair cell in response to electical stimulation. This occurs naturally as during hearing where it serves a source of mechanical amplification.


silicate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving silicates, the salts of silicic acids. Silicates are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.


microfibril binding

Binding to a microfibril, any small fibril occurring in biological material.


excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


modification by symbiont of host structure

The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


olefinic compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.


regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


pigment granule aggregation in cell center

The directed movement of dispersed pigment granules towards the center of the cell.


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis.


erythromycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythromycin.


central tolerance induction

Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs: the thymus and bone marrow.


cloacal septation

The separation of the single opening of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, the cloaca, into multiple isolated openings during development.


modulation of signal transduction in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.


aspartate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


vindoline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vindoline.


cellular alkyne metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2, as carried out by individual cells.


myoblast fate commitment in trunk

The process taking place in the trunk whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)+ + H2O = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+.


cellular response to brefeldin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.


GDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP + H2O = GMP + phosphate.


response to biotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.


peptidyl-glutamine methylation

The addition of a methyl group to a glutamine residue in a protein.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3alpha(S)-strictosidine.


alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


MAP-kinase scaffold activity

The binding activity of a molecule that functions as a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex. Binds multiple kinases of the MAPKKK cascade, and also upstream signaling proteins, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Bringing together multiple enzymes and their substrates enables the signal to be transduced quickly and efficiently.


D-lysopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-lysine + H+ + NADPH + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.


Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


protein stearoylation

The covalent attachment of a stearoyl group to an amino acid in a protein.


regulation of androgen secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-cassa-12,15-diene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-11beta-hydroxycassa-12,15-diene + NADP+ + H2O.


gastric motility

The spontaneous peristaltic movements of the stomach that aid in digestion, moving food through the stomach and out through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum.


sulfur compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


regulation of lysosome size

Any process that modulates the size of a lysosome.


chitin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.


cell proliferation involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

Any cell proliferation that is involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis.


conversion of seryl-tRNAsec to selenocys-tRNAsec

The modification process that results in the conversion of serine, carried by a specialized tRNA(ser) (which can read a UGA anticodon), to selenocysteine.


regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.


glutamate synthase activity, NAD(P)H as acceptor

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(P)+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinone = 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + a quinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + trans-aconitate = (E)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)but-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of shoot apical meristem development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.


helper T cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a helper T cell in response to an external stimulus.


regulation of ovulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = L-ascorbate(in) + Na+(in).


liposaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving liposaccharide.


tRNA m6t6A37 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methylthreonylcarbamoyladenosine.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: trehalose(out) + H+(out) = trehalose(in) + H+(in).


trochlear nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, with copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


defense response to tumor cell

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell that act to protect the cell or organism.


regulation of acute inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB3 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3. ERBB3 also has impaired kinase activity and relies on ERBB2 for activation and signal transmission.


(S)-nandinine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-nandinine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


adhesion between unicellular organisms

The attachment of two unicellular organisms to each other.


outflow tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


protein guanylylation

The addition of phospho-guanosine to a protein amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.


protein acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate.


regulation of T cell extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.


positive regulation of fatty acid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


interleukin-4 production

The appearance of interleukin-4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


acrosome assembly

The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi.


positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.


glucomannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucomannan.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tetrahydropalmatine.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


insulin receptor recycling

The process that results in the return of an insulin receptor to an active state at the plasma membrane. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive an insulin signal. Internalized insulin receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


effector-mediated induction of plant hypersensitive response by symbiont

A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont activates a resistance gene-dependent defense response signaling pathway in the plant host, in order to activate a hypersensitive response to induce necrosis. In the plant, this process involves the direct or indirect recognition of the symbiont effector protein for example through plant resistance receptor or R proteins (or R genes).


positive regulation of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine.


positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.


cyanate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.


2-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 2-naphthoate + NADH + H+.


nervous system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.


regulation of optic nerve formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.


regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


transaldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + D-fructose 6-phosphate.


lupeol 28-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lupeol + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 3 H+ <=> betulinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a 3-(all-trans-polyrenyl)benzene-1,2-diol <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-polyprenyl)phenol.


negative regulation of iron ion transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


chalcone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chalcones, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium.


peptidyl-lysine monomethylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.


oxygen evolving activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O = O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-. The evolution of oxygen from oxidizing water is carried out by the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II of plants. P680+, the photochemically oxidized reaction-center chlorophyll of PSII, is a strong biological oxidant. The reduction potential of P680+ is more positive than that of water, and thus it can oxidize water to give O2 and H+ ions. The oxygen escapes as a gas while the H+ ions remain in solution inside the thylakoid vesicle.


The dimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethylserine.


curcumin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polyphenol, curcumin.


regulation of mesoderm formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.


response to alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


regulation of fat cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.


negative regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.


histone chaperone activity

Binding to and carrying a histone or a histone complex to unload or deposit it as a nucleosome. The histone can be newly synthesized or result from nucleosome disassembly (either spontaneously, or by a histone chaperone).


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD+ = (R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphonooxybutanoate + H+ + NADH.


nucleate erythrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


negative regulation of response to stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.


sterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the introduction of a double bond into a sterol molecule.


collagen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


L-valine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-valine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-valine is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


palisade mesophyll development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a palisade mesophyll over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


scattered antral spaces stage

The stage in oogenesis when antral spaces begin to form in the follicle cells. Mitochondria form centers for yolk concentration.


amine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of amines, including polyamines, from one side of a membrane to the other. Amines are organic compounds that are weakly basic in character and contain an amino (-NH2) or substituted amino group.


regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.


protein digestion

The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


intracellular sphingolipid homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sphingolipids within a cell.


positive regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that activates, maintains or increases short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.


companion cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a companion cell. The companion cell is the specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member.


free ubiquitin chain depolymerization

The process in which free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers, are broken down.


Frizzled Nuclear Import pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by internalization and cleavage of the frizzled receptor to yeild a C-terminal fragment that is imported into the nucleus. The frizzled C-terminal fragment is incorporated into large ribonucleoprotein particles and stimulates their egress via nuclear budding.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-amino-4-dehydro-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N-methylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+.


dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which the terminal end of a mammary duct bifurcates.


cellular response to interferon-alpha

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-alpha stimulus. Interferon-alpha is a type I interferon.


positive regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.


iota-carrageenase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose-2-sulfate in iota-carrageenans.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-oxo-L-proline + ATP + 2 H2O = L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + H+ = CO2 + serotonin.


positive regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.


retinal cone cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


cyanide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration, reacting with the ferric form of cytochrome aa3 and thus blocking the electron transport chain.


nocardicin-A epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isonocardicin A = nocardicin A.


methylisocitrate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = pyruvate + succinate.


cellular response to cyclopentenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.


cardiac atrium morphogenesis

The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of T cell receptor genes.


cell migration involved in prostatic bud elongation

The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another contributing to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.


syncytiotrophoblast cell differentiation involved in labyrinthine layer development

The process in which a chorionic trophoblast cell acquires specialized features of a syncytiotrophoblast of the labyrinthine layer of the placenta.


modulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure for appressorium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation.


phospholipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.


cell-substrate junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-substrate junction. A cell-substrate junction is a specialized region of connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.


blood coagulation

The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland bud elongation

The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland bud epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the bud.


positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


macrophage chemotaxis

The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.


positive regulation of spore-bearing organ development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.


etioplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an etioplast. An etioplast is a plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.


phosphatidylcholine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


actin filament severing

The process in which an actin filament is broken down into smaller filaments.


GDP-mannose mannosyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O = GDP + D-mannose + H+.


growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

The process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes.


protein N-linked N-acetylgalactosaminylation via asparagine

A process of protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine in which N-acetylgalactosamine is added to the N4 of asparagine, forming an (S)-2-amino-4-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)amino-4-oxobutanoic acid residue.


somatic diversification of immune receptors via somatic mutation

The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through somatic mutation.


regulation of metanephros size

Any process that modulates the size of a metanephric kidney.


fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


red chlorophyll catabolite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: red chlorophyll catabolite + reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = primary fluorescent catabolite + oxidized ferredoxin. This reaction is the reduction of the C20/C1 double bond in the pyrrole system of red chlorophyll catabolite (RCC) to a colorless tetrapyrrole (pFCC) with a strong blue fluorescence.


T cell migration

The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


multivesicular body membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the membranes of multivesicular bodies.


cellular ketone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


viral capsid secondary envelopment

The process in which a capsid acquires another membrane envelope, subsequent to acquiring an initial membrane envelope.


protein carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a carboxyl group on a protein.


N1-acetylspermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.


maltose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = maltose + 2 phosphate.


butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a butanoyl (CH3-[CH2]2-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation.


hydroxylysine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.


telomerase holoenzyme complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomerase holoenzyme complex.


regulation of nuclear migration along microtubule

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration along microtubule.


Catalysis of the reaction: methylthioadenosine + H2O = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose.


peptide cross-linking via S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium

The cross-linking of a tyrosine residue to a tryptophan residue and a methionine residue to form S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium.


gibberellin mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of gibberellin stimulus.


proctolin receptor activity

Combining with the neuropeptide proctolin, to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.


tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.


An adaptive immune effector response involving T cells and B lineage cells. In the case of B lineage cells, the effector cells are the antibody secreting plasma cells whereas for T cells the effector cells may be helper T cells or cytotoxic T cells.


maintenance of pigment granule location

Any process in which a pigment granule is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = indole + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


negative regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


aerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the presence of oxygen.


putrescine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of putrescine from one side of a membrane to the other. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'methyl thioadenosine + H2O = 5'methyl thioinosine + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose + 2-oxoglutarate = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + L-glutamate.


spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


achromobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 6-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


peptidyl-lysine crotonylation

The crotonylation of a lysine residue in a protein. Crotonyl is the univalent radical CH3-CH=CH-CO- derived from crotonic acid.


spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugates.


histidine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine.


optic cup structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the optic cup. This process pertains to the physical shaping of the rudimentary structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-aminobutanoyl-CoA + acetate.


kojic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving kojic acid.


protein localization to plasma membrane of cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane of cell tip.


pigment granule maturation

Steps required to form a membrane-bounded organelle into a pigment granule containing pigment. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.


NK T cell proliferation

The expansion of a NK T cell population by cell division.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal (1->3)- and (1->6)-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Man(5)(GlcNAc)(3).


response to Gram-negative bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a Gram-negative bacterium.


rhythmic behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 3-phosphate + UDP + H+.


mesonephric podocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


ds/ssDNA junction-specific dsDNA endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of double-stranded DNA near a double-strand/single-strand DNA junction.


bacteriocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacteriocins, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


transmembrane receptor histidine kinase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of a membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


alpha-ribazole biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).


L-ascorbic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.


pancreatic epsilon cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic epsilon cell. A pancreatic epsilon cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes ghrelin.


positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray.


beta-carotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-carotene.


delamination

The process of negative regulation of cell adhesion that results in a cell or sheet of cells splitting off from an existing epithelial sheet.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose, an ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the heptose. ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose (also called ADP-L-beta-D-heptose or ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose) is a nucleotide-sugar precursor of the inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.


mitochondrion autophagosome adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a mitochondrial membrane and an autophagosome during mitophagy.


trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NAD+ = trans-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADH.


glucagon processing

The formation of mature glucagon by proteolysis of the precursor proglucagon.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-solanine + UDP-L-rhamnose = solanine + UDP.


hexose phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of hexose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Hexose phosphates is any of a group of monophosphorylated aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


3'-flap endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a 3' flap structure in DNA, but not other DNA structures; processes the 3' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis.


negative regulation of lysozyme activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + precorrin-2 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + precorrin-3A.


regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development

Any apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA = mesaconyl-CoA + H2O.


negative regulation of chromosome segregation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


negative regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.


activation-induced B cell apoptotic process

B cell apoptotic process that occurs upon engagement of either the B cell receptor or CD40. Engagement of either receptor, but not both, leads to expression of fas or related receptors that make the B cell susceptible to fas-ligand mediated death.


protein localization to cell division site after cytokinesis

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division following cytokinesis.


guanosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + guanosine = ADP + GMP.


cyclic-GMP-AMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cyclic-GMP-AMP from one side of a membrane to the other.


microtubule sliding

The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule.


male sex determination

The specification of male sex of an individual organism.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-rapid eye movement sleep.


leukocyte aggregation

The adhesion of one leukocyte to one or more other leukocytes via adhesion molecules.


pigment cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pigment cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a pigment cell fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclohexylformamide + H+ = cyclohexyl isocyanide + H2O.


positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.


histone H1R54 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H1 L-arginyl (position 54)= histone H1 L-citrullyl (position 54) + NH4+, resulting in histone H1 citrullination at position 54.


regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.


ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). Begins with activation of ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress, ATF6 translocates to the Golgi where it is processed by proteases to release a cytoplasmic domain (ATF6f), which operates as a transcriptional activator of many genes required to restore folding capacity.


positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway, in a different organism.


adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine 5'-(hexahydrogen pentaphosphate).


cyclohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2, in a reaction that involves the opening of a ring.


arginine N-methyltransferase activity

Enables the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to an amino group of an arginine residue.


prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis

The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


N-terminal peptidyl-valine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine

The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal valine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-aminobutanoyl-CoA = crotonoyl-CoA + NH4.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose.


positive regulation of lung ciliated cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung ciliated cell differentiation.


plasminogen activation

The process in which inactive plasminogen is processed to active plasmin. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.


lateral root formation

The process that gives rise to a lateral root. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A lateral root primordium represents an organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


volume-sensitive anion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic anion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.


oculomotor nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the oculomotor nerve is generated and organized. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


transitional stage B cell differentiation

The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow become mature B cells in the spleen. Transitional stage B cells are subdivided into transitional one (T1) and transitional two (T2) stages and are short-lived and functionally incompetent.


(+)-beta-chamigrene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-beta-chamigrene + diphosphoric acid.


lipoprotein releasing activity

The activity of recognizing mature outer membrane lipoproteins in the inner membrane and releasing from the inner membrane so that they can be transported across the periplasmic space to their target location, the outer membrane. This function exists in diderm bacteria, mediated by the LolCDE complex.


regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of endothelial barrier.


endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.


post-embryonic medial fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


methionine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


tricyclic triterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glycerophospho group from one membrane-derived oligosaccharide to another.


ribosome biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.


regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall organization or biogenesis.


trigeminal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


tripeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a tripeptide.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide + S-adenosylmethionine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate + 5'deoxyadenosine.


NADH oxidation

A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD+.


aminotriazole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of amitrole from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.


insecticide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.


cephamycin C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephamycin C.


vanillyl-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + vanillyl alcohol = H2O2 + vanillin.


regulation of cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix.


hexitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors, which occur in the presence of light.


response to bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


DNA-templated DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

A DNA metabolic process that prevents or corrects errors to ensure that DNA is replicated accurately. Errors can be corrected either by intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair.


sesquithujene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> 7-epi-sesquithujene + diphosphoric acid.


membrane protein dislocase activity

The activity of removing a protein from a membrane, by binding to a transmembrane helical fragment of a tail-anchored protein and releasing it from the the hydrophobic region of one or both lipid bilayers. The reaction is driven by ATP hydrolysis.


ligase activity, forming carbon-carbon bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-carbon bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


glycolate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + glycolate = AH(2) + glyoxylate.


positive regulation of myelination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


germ tube formation

Development of slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most symbiont spores immediately following germination on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production

The appearance of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11; RANKL) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


response to phosphatidylethanolamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phosphatidylethanolamine stimulus.


regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.


glutamate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = D-glutamate.


sex determination

Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.


trichoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will give rise to a root hair.


L-dopa metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-dopa.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a D-amino acid = CoA + an N-acetyl-D-amino-acid.


positive regulation of basidium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.


galanin receptor activity

Combining with galanin to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to isobutanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isobutanol stimulus.


codeinone reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: codeine + NADP+ = codeinone + H+ + NADPH.


negative regulation of mesoderm development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.


fusion of virus membrane with host outer membrane

Fusion of a viral membrane with the host cell outer membrane during viral entry.


deoxycytidine salvage

Any process that generates deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


glutamate-ethylamine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + ethylamine = N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


modification by symbiont of host chloroplast

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell chloroplasts. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.


response to diethyl maleate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diethyl maleate stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction:acyl-CoA + glycerophosphocholine = CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


metula development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of metulae over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide + methanol = H2O + Co-methyl-Co-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcob(I)amide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


acetophenone carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetophenone + CO2 = H+ + benzoyl acetate.


interleukin-17 production

The appearance of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of oligopeptide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one + H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + formate + H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + licodione = 2'-O-methyllicodione + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


axon development

The progression of an axon over time. Covers axonogenesis (de novo generation of an axon) and axon regeneration (regrowth), as well as processes pertaining to the progression of the axon over time (fasciculation and defasciculation).


regulation of blood circulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = trans-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxycinnamate + H+ + UDP.


protein deglycosylation

The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein.


protein delipidation

The breakage of covalent bonds to detach lipid groups from a protein.


3-formiminopyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-formiminopyruvate + H2O = 3-formylpyruvate + HN3.


sperm competition

Any process that contributes to the success of sperm fertilization in multiply-mated females.


cardiac fibroblast cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


positive regulation of cholesterol efflux

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


response to nematicide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nematicide stimulus. Nematicides are chemicals used to kill nematodes.


histone H3-K27 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.


intramembranous ossification

Direct ossification that occurs within mesenchyme or an accumulation of relatively unspecialized cells.


ITP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ITP, inosine triphosphate.


regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.


protein localization to presynapse

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynapse.


endopolyphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate + n H2O = (n+1) oligophosphate. The product contains 4 or 5 phosphate residues.


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate + 2-oxoglutarate + oxygen = 2,4-dichlorophenol + glyoxylate + succinate + CO2.


lung lobe formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a lung lobe from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the lobe and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.


antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.


Mo-molybdopterin cofactor sulfurase activity

Catalysis of the sulfurylation of the desulfo form of molybdenum cofactor (MoCo), a cofactor required for the activity of some enzymes, such as aldehyde oxidase.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: choline(out) + Na+(out) = choline(in) + Na+(in).


establishment of protein localization to mitochondrial membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the mitochondrial membrane.


presynaptic active zone organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic active zone.


cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Purkinje cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Purkinje cell fate. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem.


menaquinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the menaquinones. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones that have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


cellular response to hyperoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.


tube morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.