positive T cell selection

The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.


meiotic telophase I

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


peptide cross-linking via glycine oxazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


central B cell positive selection

Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the bone marrow. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


methane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP + NH4 = 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


regulation of establishment of RNA localization to telomere

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere.


intestinal epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


fructose 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + A = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + AH(2).


regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


regulation of glomerular filtration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


trimming of first mannose on A branch

The removal of the first alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the A-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


negative regulation of satellite cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell differentiation.


pantothenate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


Catalysis of the reaction: steviolmonoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rubusoside + UDP + H+.


arsenate ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an arsenate ion from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptidyl-threonine autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own threonine amino acid residues, or a threonine residue on an identical protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: xyloglucan + H2O = xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This reaction is the exohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan.


lipid A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of four to six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. Further modifications of the backbone are common.


peptidyl-cysteine oxidation

The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid or peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid.


posterior lateral line neuromast cupula development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.


histone H3K4 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to a virus.


(+)-pulegone reductase, (-)-menthone as substrate, activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthone + NADP+ = (+)-pulegone + NADPH + H+.


delta24(24-1) sterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ergosterol + NADP+ = ergosta-5,7,22,24(24(1))-tetraen-3beta-ol + H+ + NADPH.


small intestinal transit

Migration of ingested material along the length of the small intestine.


regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial scaffolds. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


telomeric loop formation

The process in which linear telomeric DNA is remodeled into duplex loops, by the invasion of a 3' single-stranded overhang into the duplex region.


high-affinity oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oligopeptide from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


negative regulation of iridophore differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


sulfonate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfonate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = sulfite + aminoacetaldehyde + succinate + CO2.


positive regulation of negative chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


mesonephric collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid + H2O = L-2-amino acid + NH3 + CO2. The N-carbamoyl-L-2-amino acid is a 2-ureido carboxylate.


histone H4K20 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 20) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 20). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in hemopoiesis

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to hemopoiesis.


negative regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.


phage shock

A response by bacterial cells to a variety of stresses including filamentous phage infection, mislocalization of envelope proteins, extremes of temperature, osmolarity or ethanol concentration, and the presence of proton ionophores such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), that involves expression of the phage shock protein operon, and acts to protect the bacterial cells from damage.


positive regulation of platelet aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.


deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate N-glycosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H2O = deoxyribose 5-monophosphate + a purine or pyrimidine base.


imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


conidiophore development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the conidiophore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.


1-naphthaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 1-naphthoic acid + NADH + H+.


cellular response to copper ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of copper ions.


positive regulation of glutamatergic neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic neuron differentiation.


response to inactivity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inactivity stimulus.


DNA methylation on cytosine within a CG sequence

The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of a cytosine located within a CG sequence in a DNA molecule.


dorsal aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.


ITP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ITP + H2O = IMP + H+ + diphosphate.


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, dGTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + dGTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + dGDP.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


arachidonic acid 8,9-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


glucuronoxylan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid side units.


myoblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


2-aminoadipate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2-aminoadipate = 2-oxoadipate + L-glutamate.


negative regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.


metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the metanephric comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the metanephric S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.


regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or location of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope.


succinyl-CoA binding

Binding to succinyl-CoA, an omega-carboxyacyl-CoA having succinoyl as the S-acyl component.


negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


formamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.


pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

The reorganization or renovation of existing pulmonary blood vessels.


regulation of DNA stability

Any process that modulates the stability of DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 3-alpha-hydroxy-5-beta-androstane-17-one = NADH + H+ + 5-beta-androstane-3,17-dione.


negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H+ + isochorismate = 5-enolpyruvoyl-6-hydroxy-2-succinyl-cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate + CO2.


protein-glutathione oxidoreductase (glutathione) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionylated protein (PSSG) + glutathione (GSH) = protein-thiol (PSH) + glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The reaction may proceed via a 'monothiol' or 'dithiol' mechanism.


styrene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: styrene + NADPH + FADH + O2 = NADP+ + FAD+ + H2O + styrene oxide.


thermotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.


cytochrome P450 4A1-heme linkage

The covalent linkage of heme to cytochrome P450 4A1 via hydroxyheme-L-glutamyl ester.


amylopectin binding

Binding to amylopectin.


licheninase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in beta-D-glucans containing (1->3) and (1->4) bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxypyrene + XSO3- = 1-pyrenylsulfate + HX.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-methionine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-methionine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


modification of synaptic structure

Any process that modifies the structure/morphology of a synapse.


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + ubiquinone = fumarate + ubiquinol.


neural plate elongation

The process in which the neural plate is shaped by the intrinsic movement of the epidermal and neural plate regions.


positive regulation of hemicellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemicellulose catabolic process.


regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.


3-cyanoalanine hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-asparagine = 3-cyano-L-alanine + H2O + H+.


cystine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-cysteine + NAD+ = L-cystine + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


negative regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway.


COPII vesicle coating

The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to ER membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


iron chaperone activity

Directly binding to and delivering iron ions to a target protein.


response to isolation stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lack of contact with other members of the same species.


jasmonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative with the formula (1R-(1 alpha, 2 beta(Z)))-3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid.


lamellipodium morphogenesis

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and in which the structure of a lamellipodium is organized.


response to peptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.


4-hydroxyproline epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline.


cellular response to interleukin-1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-naphthaldehyde + O2 + H2O = H+ + 1-naphthoate + hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + 2,6-dibromophenol.


regulation of membrane repolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential, usually from positive to negative.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + diphosphate = glycerol 1-phosphate + H+ + phosphate.


Notch signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.


response to astaxanthin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an astaxanthin stimulus.


melatonin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).


outer dynein arm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein outer arm, an outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.


detection of dietary excess

The neurological process in which the brain senses excessive caloric intake.


cellular response to lipid hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


3-monobromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-monobromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = bisphenol A + HBr.


transmembrane-ephrin receptor activity

Combining with a transmembrane ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.


RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with guanosine as nucleophile

Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile.


D-arabinitol dehydrogenase, D-ribulose forming (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinitol + NADP+ = D-ribulose + NADPH + H+.


skeletal muscle thin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


chenodeoxycholic acid binding

Binding to chenodeoxycholic acid.


positive regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel remodeling.


NADP-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NADP-malic enzyme.


ribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


immunoglobulin production

The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.


regulation of response to red or far red light

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to red or far red light.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


foraging behavior by probing substrate

Foraging behavior in which an anatomical part of the organism is inserted into the substrate to locate food.


oocyte maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.


negative regulation of anterior head development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


CDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.


wobble position guanine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of guanosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 3-hydroxy-L-proline

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 3-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase.


(1->4)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->4)-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


modulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction.


detection of osmotic stimulus

The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.


neuroblast fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


fetal process involved in parturition

A reproductive process occurring in the embryo that results in birth.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate.


cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 = 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: galactose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


organelle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


phagosome reneutralization

Any process that increases the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, as part of the process of phagosome maturation.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding

The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.


3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid + coenzyme A = AMP + diphosphate + 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoyl-CoA + H+. 3-oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid is also known as OPC-8:0.


viral release via disruption of host outer membrane

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell via the destabilization of the cell outer membrane.


conversion of methionyl-tRNA to N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of methionine charged on a tRNA(fMet) to N-formyl-methionine-tRNA(fMet).


peptidyl-cysteine S-acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-acetyl-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + [dinitrogen reductase] = nicotinamide + ADP-D-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase].


induction by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux

The activation by an organism of a flux of calcium ions that occurs as part of the defense response of a host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


DNA ADP-ribosylation

The covalent attachment of an ADP-ribosyl group to a residue in double-stranded DNA.


umbilical cord morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the umbilical cord are generated and organized. The umbilical cord is an organ or embryonic origin consisting of the 2 umbilical arteries and the one umbilical vein. The umbilical cord connects the cardiovascular system of the fetus to the mother via the placenta.


specification of ureteric bud anterior/posterior symmetry

The establishment of the ureteric bud such that there is a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts along its anterior/posterior axis.


negative regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.


avascular cornea development in camera-type eye

The progression of an avascular cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Corneal avascularity (the absence of blood vessels in the cornea) is required for optical clarity and optimal vision. Avascular corneas are present in most animals, except Manatees.


slug development involved in sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the slug over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Slug development begins when the aggregate rises upwards to form a finger-shaped structure and ends when culmination begins. Slug development begins after aggregation and ends before culmination in sorocarp development.


positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis, division site positioning.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


transforming growth factor beta2 activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta2) from its latent state.


glycerol ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.


N-acylhexosamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O + O2 = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + H2O2 + H+.


glycolytic process via Entner-Doudoroff Pathway

A glycolytic process in which the glucose is catabolized to pyruvate by first entering the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to yield pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is subsequently converted to pyruvate by the core glycolytic enzymes.


positive regulation of heart contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.


Catalysis of the transfer of an L-fucosyl group from GDP-beta-L-fucose to an acceptor molecule to form an alpha-(1->3) linkage.


noradrenergic neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation

Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell.


CD40 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cell surface receptor CD40 to one of its physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of carbohydrate utilization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of carbohydrate utilization.


modification by symbiont of host chloroplast thylakoid

The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell chloroplast thylakoid. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: zinc(out) + HCO3-(out) + HO3Se-(out) = zinc(in) + HCO3-(in) + HO3Se-(out).


regulation of myelination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


sodium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of sodium ions within an organism or cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N,N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


engulfment of target by autophagosome

The membrane invagination process by which an autophagosomal membrane surrounds an object that will be degraded by macroautophagy.


cellular response to sodium dodecyl sulfate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus.


blue light photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of approximately 400-470nm. The response may involve a change in conformation.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by local renal renin-angiotensin

The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the kidney modulate the force with which blood passes through the renal circulatory system. The process begins when renin cleaves angiotensinogen.


protein K6-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 6 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K6-linked ubiquitination is involved in DNA repair.


meiotic prophase I

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis I and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


phosphoarginine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.


regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in synaptic transmission. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector funtion such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors.


response to acetaldehyde

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetaldehyde stimulus.


autophagosome assembly

The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


saturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving saturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and fully saturated C-C bonds.


orcinol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + orcinol = 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene + H2O + NAD+.


positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: alpha-ketoglutarate(out) + H+(out) = alpha-ketoglutarate(in) + H+(in).


1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase activity

Catatlysis of the reaction: calcitriol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = 1alpha,23S,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


foramen ovale closure

The morphogenetic process in which the foramen ovale closes after birth, to prevent blood flow between the right and left atria. In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. Closure of the foramen ovale after birth stops this blood flow.


terpene synthase activity

Catalysis of the formation of cyclic terpenes through the cyclization of linear terpenes (e.g. isopentenyl-PP, geranyl-PP, farnesyl-PP and geranylgeranyl-PP) containing varying numbers of isoprene units.


positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cytokinesis.


UDP-glucosamine 4-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucosamine = UDP-galactosamine.


renal phosphate excretion

The elimination of phosphate ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


modulation by symbiont of host cellular process

Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.


protein C-linked glycosylation via tryptophan

The glycosylation of a carbon atom of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylhomocysteine; the L-enantiomer is formed from S-adenosylmethionine and is a strong inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-mediated methylation reactions. It can be cleaved to form adenosine and homocysteine.


interleukin-19 production

The appearance of interleukin-19 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


metanephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of ripoptosome components leading to a necroptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + zeatin = O-beta-D-xylosylzeatin + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethionine + 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA = adenine + methionine + epoxyqueuosine-tRNA. 7-(aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine-tRNA is also known as preQ1-tRNA, and epoxyqueuosine-tRNA as oQ-tRNA.


beta-alanyl amine synthase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of beta-alanyl amine conjugate from a precursor biogenic amine, such as dopamine or histamine.


regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


regulation of granuloma formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine

The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.


ribose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ribofuranose = D-ribulose.


imaginal disc eversion

The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis.


regulation of alpha-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans.


MCM complex binding

Binding to an MCM complex.


cap1 mRNA methylation

Methylation of the ribose of the first nucleotide of a 5'-capped mRNA.


cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leukemia inhibitory factor stimulus.


hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 4 porphobilinogen = hydroxymethylbilane + 4 NH4.


sterol 5-alpha reductase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a C-5 double bond in the B ring of a sterol.


amidine-lyase activity

Catalysis of the release of amides or amidines by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amide or amidine as a substrate.


mononuclear cell proliferation

The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form.


axial mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


uridine-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylylation element binding

Binding to a U-rich sequence in the 3'-end of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs; required for cytoplasmic polyadenylylation.


hepatic duct development

The progression of the hepatic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the common bile duct.


UV-damage excision repair

A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).


1,4-dichlorobenzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring.


protein localization to lateral cortical node

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lateral cortical node.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a heme group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a heme group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate + H+ = CO2 + bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane. Bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetate is also known as DDA; bis(4-chlorophenyl)methane is also known as DDM.


response to doxorubicin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a doxorubicin stimulus.


mitochondrial DNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA.


protein uridylylation

The addition of phospho-uridine to a protein amino acid.


axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trimethylenediamine.


ADP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


aspartate family amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-5NA)-L-serine.


protein insertion into membrane from inner side

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a lipid bilayer, e.g., the prokaryotic, mitochondrial, or chloroplast inner membrane, from the inner side.


cellular response to glucose starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


response to low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.


sno(s)RNA 3'-end cleavage

The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+ = naphthalene-1,2-diol + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells as part of an immune response.


negative regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.


maintenance of protein location in mitochondrion

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a mitochondrion, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


inner dynein arm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein inner arm, an inner arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine

The process in which the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


leaf phyllotactic patterning

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of leaf primordia around the center of a shoot apical meristem.


regulation of purine nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phenol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.


dense core granule maturation

Steps required to transform a dense core granule generated at the trans-Golgi network into a fully formed and transmissible dense core granule. Dense core granule maturation proceeds through clathrin-mediated membrane remodeling events and is essential for efficient processing of cargo within dense core granules as well as for removing factors that might otherwise interfere with dense core granule trafficking and exocytosis.


mesonephric cell migration involved in male gonad development

The orderly movement of a cell from the mesonephros to the male gonad, contributing to its development.


branched-chain amino acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: branched-chain amino acid(out) + cation(out) = branched-chain amino acid(in) + cation(in).


nipple morphogenesis

The process in which the nipple is generated and organized.


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, via the intermediate cystine.


ethanol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.


cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


axon choice point recognition

The recognition of molecules at a choice point by an axon growth cone; at a choice point the growth cone determines the direction of its future growth.


serotonin receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting a signal across a membrane by activating some effector activity. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates.


phenylacetaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenylethanol + NADP = phenylacetaldehyde + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-hept-trans-2-ene-1,7-dioate = pyruvate + succinic semialdehyde.


detection of unfolded protein

The series of events in which an unfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


histone H4 deacetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.


(22S)-22-hydroxy-5alpha-campestan-3-one C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone + NADP + H2O.


cordyol C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cordyol C.


histone H4K20 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


nephron epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.


complement receptor activity

Combining with any component or product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway.


response to muscle inactivity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus.


icosanoid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of icosanoids from one side of a membrane to the other.


urethanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + H+ + urethane = CO2 + ethanol + NH4.


intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a calcium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


motor learning

Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.


ubiquinone-6 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone-6.


cell volume homeostasis

Any process involved in maintaining the steady state of a cell's volume. The cell's volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by a cell.


response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> curcumin 4'-O-beta-D-gentiotetraside + UDP + H+.


cortical actin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.


regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.


murein tripeptide carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-Dap (murein tripeptide) + H2O = L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu + meso-diaminopimelate.


adenine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.


lens fiber cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.


negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


neural crest cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell.


type IIa hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response resulting in cell death mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis or cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell.


detection of humidity

The series of events in which a humidity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to caffeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.


2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NAD+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+.


apocarotenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.


pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


extracellular regulation of signal transduction

Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region.


amino acid activation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process

Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide.


regulation of neuroinflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


protein decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[protein].


ectoine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxohexanoate + NADP+ + H2O = adipate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of intestinal absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


regulation of membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.


CENP-A containing chromatin assembly

The formation of chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A to form centromeric chromatin. This specialised chromatin occurs at centromeric region in point centromeres, and the central core in modular centromeres.


glycolytic process from galactose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.


regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


phyllome development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a phyllome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A phyllome is a collective term for all the different types of leaves appearing on plants.


cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT + NADP+ = NADPH + 2,3-dihydroxy DDT.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.


lysosomal lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


lactoylglutathione lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-S-lactoylglutathione = glutathione + methylglyoxal.


positive regulation of lymphangiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.


kidney smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


endothelial tip cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial tip cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. An endothelial tip cell is a specialized endothelial cell localized to the leading edge of an angiogenic sprout that senses extracellular signals and guides the directed growth of blood vessels.


thiamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels

The process in which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.


metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


positive regulation of entry into reproductive diapause

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


positive regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.


mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering

The attachment of a mitochondrion and an endoplasmic reticulum via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


proboscis extension reflex

The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus.


positive regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.


inferior olivary nucleus structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the inferior olivary nucleus structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


Catalysis of the reaction: lithocholate + NAD+ = 3-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADH.


primary amine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a primary amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an oligodendrocyte. Oligodendrocytes belong to a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, where they form the insulating myelin sheath of axons.


negative regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.


fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.


cellulase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans.


granzyme A production

The appearance of granzyme A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate + D-lysinium(1+) + ATP <=> UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-D-lysine + ADP + hydrogenphosphate + H+.


response to catechin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catechin stimulus.


cellular response to hydroxyisoflavone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.


prostaglandin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.


collagen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.


3-oxo-myristate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-myristate + H+ <=> 2-tridecanone + carbon dioxide.


peptidyl-lactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine

The modification of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to lactic acid.


response to molecule of oomycetes origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.


riboflavin phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + riboflavin = D-glucose + FMN.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans, galactomannans, glucomannans, and galactoglucomannans.


negative regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.


type II pneumocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type II pneumocyte. A type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies.


methyl tert-butyl ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl tert-butyl ether, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a synthetic chemical which is mixed with gasoline for use in reformulated gasoline. It was first introduced as an additive for unleaded gasoline in the 1980s. It is also used as a laboratory reagent and a pharmaceutical agent.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-fructose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + fructose(out) = protein histidine + fructose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


metanephric short nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.


positive regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation.


pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that interacts with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.


toxin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a toxin from one side of a membrane to the other. A toxin is a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.


catecholamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism

A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism.


diphosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a diphosphate group from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor).


phenylacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1,4-benzoquinone + H2O + phenylacetyl-CoA = 2 hydroquinone + phenylglyoxylyl-CoA.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.


positive regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


8-oxocoformycin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coformycin + NADP+ = 8-oxocoformycin + 2 H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + acyl-CoA = 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerol + CoA.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide, modulating synaptic transmission

Modulation of synaptic transmittion by cell-cell signaling across the synaptic cleft from postsynapse to presynapse, mediated by a neuropeptide.


cellular response to hydrogen sulfide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen sulfide stimulus.


intronic box H/ACA snoRNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box H/ACA snoRNA.


negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


regulation of striated muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydroxypteridine = H+ + xanthine-8-carboxylate.


external genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals.


virus coreceptor activity

Combining with a virus component, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.


response to growth factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.


cellular response to decane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a decane stimulus.


maintenance of seed dormancy

Any process that maintains a seed in a dormant state.


histone crotonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: crotonyl-CoA + histone = CoA + crotonyl-histone.


response to axon injury

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-reticulinium(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + laudanine(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


fluorene oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fluorene + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = H2O + 9-fluorenol.


positive regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity.


chlorophyll synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + 2 H+ + phytyl diphosphate = chlorophyll a + diphosphate.


L-idonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-idonate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-idonate is an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.


endothelial microparticle formation

The cellular component organization process in which microparticles bud off from an endothelial cell.


cellular response to alcohol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus.


envenomation resulting in plasminogen activation in another organism

The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of plasminogen into plasmin in the bitten organism. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide.


IkappaB kinase complex binding

Binding to a IkappaB kinase complex.


purine ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


lamellipodium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lamellipodium. A lamellipodium is a thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a crawling fibroblast; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.


ABC-type fatty-acyl-CoA transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction ATP + H2O + fatty acyl CoA(Side 1) <=> ADP + phosphate + fatty acyl CoA(Side 2). A fatty acyl CoA group is any acyl group derived from a fatty acid with a coenzyme A group attached to it.


amelogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage.


crotonyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA.


negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.


endocardial cushion development

The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.


peptidyl-tryptophan hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tryptophan, to form peptidyl-L-3-hydroxytryptophan.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + L-propargylglycine = ADP + H+ + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + phosphate.


dendrite self-avoidance

The process in which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell.


dimethylarsinate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylarsinate + 3 H+ + 2 e- = dimethylarsinous acid + H2O.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Positive regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels. This is the first step in synaptic transmission.


cellular response to erythromycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythromycin stimulus.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1E,2Z)-3-hydroxy-5,9,17-trioxo-4,5:9,10-disecoandrosta-1(10),2-dien-4-oate + H2O <=> 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oate + (2Z,4Z)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + H+.


diplotene

The cell cycle phase which follows pachytene during prophase I of meiosis, during which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.


nitrogen fixation

The process in which nitrogen is taken from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other chemical processes, such as ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O = LL-2,6-diaminopimelate + acetate.


protein lipidation involved in autophagosome assembly

The protein lipidation process by which phosphatidylethanolamine is conjugated to a protein of the ATG8 family, leading to membrane insertion of the protein as a step in autophagosome assembly.


delta-carotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of delta-carotene.


regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.


tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a tRNA molecule.


septin ring assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form an organized structure resembling a ring at the cell cortex.


regulation of ERBB signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.


SAGA complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a SAGA complex, a SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Spt8 (in budding yeast) or a homolog thereof.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene <=> 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


plant organ formation

The process that gives rise to the plant organ. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound.


regulation of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mini excitatory postsynaptic potential. Mini excitatory postsynaptic potential is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, induced by the spontaneous release of a single vesicle of an excitatory neurotransmitter into the synapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.


negative regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.


glycolipid mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


positive regulation of lymphocyte activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


oculomotor nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


positive regulation of cell volume

Any process that increases cell volume.


microtubule stabilizing activity

A protein-containing complex stabilizing activity that prevents dissociation of microtubules.


glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


peptidyl-threonine modification

The modification of peptidyl-threonine.


maintenance of location

Any process in which a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


seed dormancy process

A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a seed. Seed dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth in a seed, including the embryo contained therein, that can be reactivated. It often requires special conditions for reactivation, such as specific temperature, scarification, or leaching of inhibitors.


sequestering of nodal from receptor via nodal binding

Binding to a nodal protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting nodal signaling by preventing nodal from binding to its cell surface receptor.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in kidney development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the kidney over time.


dorsal/ventral axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


sperm capacitation

A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium.


positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


anterior cibarial plate morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anterior cibarial plate are generated and organized.


DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


calcium-dependent protein kinase C activity

Calcium-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


inulin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inulin.


afferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.


protease localization to mast cell secretory granule

Any process in which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.


fructose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.


flavonoid sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavonoid + 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate = sulfated flavonoid + adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate. This reaction is the transfer of a sulfate group to the hydroxyl group of a flavonoid acceptor, producing the sulfated flavonoid derivative.


positive regulation of cellobiose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.


dolichol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.


peptidyl-lysine carboxyethylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-1-carboxyethyl-L-lysine.


arugosin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arugosin.


negative regulation of response to amylopectin

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin.


T cell tolerance induction

A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in T cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell

The attachment of a leukocyte to an arterial endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.


leucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


positive regulation of zoospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.


methyl-CpNpG binding

Binding to a methylated cytosine/unspecified/guanine trinucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferide + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,4'-dimethylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.


positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


retinal binding

Binding to retinal, one of the forms of vitamin A. Retinal plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates, combining with opsins to form visual pigments in the retina.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine + pyruvate = L-alanine + pyridoxal.


heme biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate = 3'-dephospho-CoA + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a peptidoglycan dimer (tetrapeptide) + 3 H2O = a peptidoglycan tetramer with L,D cross-links (L-Lys-D-Asn-L-Lys) + di-trans,poly-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + 4 D-alanine.


apoptosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the apoptosome, a multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process.


thymine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thymine + acceptor = 5-methyl-barbiturate + donor-H2.


clathrin coat disassembly

The disaggregation of a clathrin coat into its constituent components; results in stripping or removing the clathrin coat from clathrin-coated vesicles (CCV) before fusing with their targets. CVVs transport cargo from plasma membrane and trans-Golgi to the endosomal system.


abequosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-abequose + D-mannosyl-L-rhamnosyl-D-galactose-1-diphospholipid = CDP + D-abequosyl-D-mannosyl-rhamnosyl-D-galactose-1-diphospholipid.


anaerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.


olfactory behavior

The behavior of an organism in response to an odor.


cartilage condensation

The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes.


response to acetate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.


regulation of organelle transport along microtubule

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle transport along microtubule.


epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis.


disproportionation of elemental sulfur

The process in which sulfur compounds with an intermediate oxidation state serve as both electron donors and electron acceptors in an energy-generating redox process. The reaction takes place anaerobically, in light and in the absence of CO2.


negative regulation of lung alveolus development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.


histone H3R2 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 2) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3)-N-methyl-arginine (position 2). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 2 of histone H3.


lipoxygenase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase.


macrolide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving macrolides, any of a large group of polyketide compounds that contain a large lactone ring with few or no double bonds and no nitrogen atoms, linked glycosidically to one or more sugar groups. The macrolides include the carbomycins, the erythromycins, oleandomycin, oligomycins, and the spiramycins, and act as antibiotics, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria.


seminal vesicle epithelium development

The progression of the seminal vesicle epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


somatic diversification of immunoglobulins

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisic acid + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + 3 H+ = 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinonone is also known as 2-methyl-6-solanesylplastoquinol and all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate as solanesyl diphosphate.


PRC1 complex binding

Binding to a PRC1 complex.


purine nucleobase salvage

Any process that generates purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


regulation of adenosine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


aerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron donor

The oxidation of nitrite (NO2) to nitrate (NO3), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Nitrite oxidation is the final step in nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, and nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR) is the key enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of nitrite to nitrate in nitrite oxidizing species.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthol = 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


COPII vesicle uncoating

The process in which COPII vesicle coat proteins are disassembled, and released.


glutaminyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) + ATP = L-glutamate + glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln) + phosphate + ADP.


renal cortex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.


cellular response to antibiotic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.


alpha-amylase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more alpha-(1->4)-linked D-glucose units.


apical dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an apical dendrite are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a [release factor]-L-glutamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + a [release factor]-N5-methyl-L-glutamine.


1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-1-phenylethanol = acetophenone + H2.


ATP adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + ATP = phosphate + P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate.


sulfite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfite ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


discadenine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + pyruvate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-alanine.


NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+, driving the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other. In the course of the reaction (left to right) one H atom is transferred from inside the cell to outside. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to both NAD+ and NADP+.


glycerate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + ATP = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + ADP + 2 H+.


response to brassinosteroid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.


regulation protein catabolic process at presynapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the presynapse.


bacteriochlorophyll binding

Binding to bacteriochlorophyll, a form of chlorophyll found in photosynthetic bacteria, such as the purple and green bacteria. There are several types, designated a to g. Bacteriochlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophyll b are structurally similar to the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b found in plants.


pouch outgrowth involved in semicircular canal formation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis and gives rise to a pouch that will form a semicircular canal.


ensheathment of neuronal cell bodies

The process in which satellite glial cells isolate neuronal cell bodies.


negative regulation of transporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter.


indole-2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = indolin-2-one + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


establishment of body hair planar orientation

Orientation of body hairs, projections from the surface of an organism, such that the hairs all point in a uniform direction along the surface.


interleukin-33 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-33 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


L-lysine 6-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + H2O + O2 = allysine + H2O2 + NH4.


GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from mannose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from mannose.


cellular response to interleukin-17

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


leucoanthocyanidin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O = 2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+.


double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends

During DSBR via single-strand annealing, the removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.


killing by virus of host cell by post-segregational killing

The process by which a virus causes the death of daughter cells which do not contain its genes after host cell division, by a mechanism of post-segregational killing (PSK). The extrachromosomal viral DNA consist of two genes; the product of the second is long lived and toxic, while the product of the first is short lived and antagonizes the lethal action of the toxin. Daughter cells that do not contain the viral extrachromosomal element are killed by the long lived toxin, while daughter cells that do contain the viral extrachromosomal element are protected by the action of the short lived antitoxin it encodes.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan. GAG is a heteropolysaccharide composed of alpha-1,4 linked galactose, N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) and galactosamine (GalN).


regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into cell.