regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system

Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct diameter. When primary branches form their lumens are small (less than 2 micrometers) in caliber and must undergo regulated expansion during larval life to reach their mature size.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine

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Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream or released from the nerve endings.


protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine

The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine.


response to TNF agonist

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a TNF agonist stimulus.


B cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a B cell, a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.


cellular response to indole-3-methanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus.


tricarboxylate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of tricarboxylate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


inositol diphosphate pentakisphosphate diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphospho-1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + phosphate.


U7 snRNA binding

Binding to a U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA).


estrous cycle

A type of ovulation cycle, which occurs in most mammalian therian females, where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.


intermediate mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


(S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate = H2O + mesaconate.


regulation of motor neuron migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction.


ABC-type cadmium transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Cd (cytosol) = ADP + phosphate + Cd (vacuole).


negative regulation of glucose import

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.


ADP-dependent short-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a short-chain acyl-CoA = a short-chain carboxylate + CoA.


nucleotide-excision repair involved in interstrand cross-link repair

Any nucleotide-excision repair that is involved in interstrand cross-link repair.


cellular response to histamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.


flavone apiosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-apiose + 7-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone = UDP + 7-O-(beta-D-apiofuranosyl-1,2-beta-D-glucosyl)-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone.


regulation of cytokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells.


regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.


presynapse to nucleus signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the presynapse to the nucleus via cytoskeletal transport of a protein from a presynapse to the component to the nucleus where it affects biochemical processes that occur in the nucleus (e.g DNA transcription, mRNA splicing, or DNA/histone modifications).


self-resistance to endogenously produced metabolite

A process that reduces or removes the toxicity of an endogenously produced substance. Mechanisms of resistance to endogenously produced compounds include modification the compound, export, sequestration, or mutations in the target enzyme.


N-acylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glucosamine = N-acyl-D-mannosamine.


neural tube closure

The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.


protein localization to trailing edge

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the trailing edge. The trailing edge is the area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.


purine ribonucleotide binding

Binding to a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


eurydendroid cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature eurydendroid cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a eurydendroid cell fate. A eurydendroid cell is an efferent neuron found in the cerebellar cortex of teleosts.


anterior lateral line development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The anterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.


vacuolar protein processing

Protein processing that takes place in the vacuole. Most protein processing in the vacuole represents proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes.


lymphocyte migration into lymph node

The movement of a lymphocyte within the lymphatic system into a lymph node, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments such as sites of cell activation by antigen.


negative regulation of glomerular filtration by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.


regulation of positive thymic T cell selection

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.


cellular response to decreased oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.


L-arabinose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-arabinose, arabino-pentose.


ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like from one protein to another via the reaction X-ULP + Y = Y-ULP + X, where both X-ULP and Y-ULP are covalent linkages. ULP represents a ubiquitin-like protein.


Leydig cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of Leydig cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Leydig cells are interstitial cells located adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testis which produce testosterone.


The methylation of the N-terminal phenylalanine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-phenylalanine.


regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.


histone H4K16 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16). This reaction represents the addition of an acetyl group to the lysine at position 16 of histone H4.


regulation of establishment of competence for transformation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a cell becomes able to take up and incorporate extracellular DNA into its genome.


GGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGU codon.


cardiac right ventricle morphogenesis

The process in which the right cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.


isopullulanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pullulan to isopanose (6-alpha-maltosylglucose).


phosphatidylethanolamine:Kdo2-lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Kdo2-lipid A + phosphatidylethanolamine = phosphoethanolamine-Kdo2-lipid A + diacylglycerol.


central B cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of B cells in the bone marrow.


CD4-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine, a methyl-L-arginine having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.


dimethyl ether metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl ether, CH3-O-CH3, the simplest ether. Dimethyl ether, also known wood ether and methyl ether, is a colorless gas that has been used in refrigeration applications.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) + phosphate = [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate; substrates include laminarin.


positive regulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway.


glucosylglycerol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a glucosylglycerol from one side of a membrane to the other. A glucosylglycerol is an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.


modulation of blood pressure in another organism

A process by which one organism modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of another organism.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


extracellular exosome biogenesis

The assembly and secretion of an extracellular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane.


peptidyl-proline 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


spore wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a spore wall. A spore wall is the specialized cell wall lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.


myelination

The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


hindbrain development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium).


compartment boundary maintenance

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a compartment boundary. A compartment boundary is a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier.


beta-galactoside (CMP) alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + ethanolamine phosphate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylethanolamine phosphate.


GGC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGC codon.


histone H4-K12 acetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.


codeine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving codeine, an alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album. Codeine has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.


regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.


Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-hydroxynicotinate to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, dependent on O2, NADH +H+ and FAD.


sucrose alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + H2O = alpha-D-glucose + beta-D-fructose.


regulation of steroid hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway involved in terpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate pathway that contributes to terpenoid biosynthesis. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


acetate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acetate from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetate is the 2-carbon carboxylic acid ethanoic acid.


response to cyanide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyanide stimulus.


(S)-corytuberine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (S)-reticulinium(1+) + NADPH + O2 <=> (S)-corytuberine + NADP + 2 H2O.


NADPH-dependent dihydrocurcumin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrocurcumin + NADPH+ + H+ = tetrahydrocurcumin + NADP+.


regulation of macrophage tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage tolerance induction.


mast cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of mast cells such that the total number of mast cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + heparan sulfate = UDP + (N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-heparan sulfate.


tetraterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.


vitexin 2''-O-rhamnoside 7-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + vitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7-O-methylvitexin 2''-O-beta-L-rhamnoside.


mesonephric mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of mesonephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.


fatty acid derivative catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acid derivative.


sodium-dependent self proteolysis

The sodium-dependent hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.


negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


protein-phosphocysteine-D-fructose-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + D-fructose(out) = protein cysteine + D-fructose-1-phosphate(in).


guanosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + H2O = xanthosine + NH3.


regulation of blood pressure

Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


thigmotropism

The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, such as leaves or tendrils, in response to a touch stimulus, usually toward or away from it.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate = S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate.


auxin conjugate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxin conjugates, a bound form of auxin.


benzene-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation, or any of its derivatives.


trihydroxytoluene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,5-trihydroxytoluene + O2 = 2,4,6-trioxoheptanoate.


S-methylmethionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-methyl-methionine (SMM) from methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met), catalyzed by methionine S-methyltransferase (MMT). SMM can be reconverted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.


versiconal reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versiconol + NADP <=> versiconal hemiacetal + NADPH + H+.


D-xylose fermentation

The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of D-xylose to ethanol, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-heptaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-heptaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.


helper T cell diapedesis

The passage of a helper T cell between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation.


pollen wall assembly

The formation of reticulate pollen wall pattern consisting of two layers, exine and intine.


phytol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytol + CTP = phytyl monophosphate + CDP + H+.


myeloid leukocyte migration

The movement of a myeloid leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


amide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells.


protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione disulfide+ protein-dithiol.


cellular response to heparin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.


apiose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.


cyclization of glutamine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing

The cyclization of glutamine to yield an L-glutamimide residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.


disruption by symbiont of host tight cell-cell junction

The disruption of host host tight cell-cell junctions, a cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via single-strand annealing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via single-strand annealing.


response to water-immersion restraint stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of water immersion while being held immobile.


protein O-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or via the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine, forming an O-glycan.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-propyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADP <=> (2E)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-propylidene-3(2H)-furanone + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + UDP-2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose = L-glutamate + UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose.


GABAergic neuron differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic neuron.


cobinamide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cobinamide + ATP = cobinamide phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group of the 1-amino-2-propanol residue of cobinamide, in the presence of ATP, to form cobinamide phosphate.


regulation of muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.


ATPase-coupled L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutamine(out) -> ADP + phosphate + glutamine(in).


3'-5' DNA/RNA helicase activity

Unwinding of a DNA/RNA duplex in the 3' to 5' direction, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetamide + catechol + NAD+.


cardioblast cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to becoming a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


histone H3R8 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H3)-arginine (position 8) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H3-N-methyl-arginine (position 8). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 8 of histone H3.


benzyladenine UDP glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + N-benzyladenine <=> H+ + N-benzyl-9-(alpha-D-glucosyl)adenine + UDP.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


histone H4K12 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H4 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 12). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 12 of the histone H4 protein.


heme a metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.


steryl-beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesteryl-beta-D-glucoside + H2O = D-glucose + cholesterol.


regulation of actin filament severing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.


histamine-gated chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when histamine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


hippocampus development

The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.


embryonic axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo.


sperm DNA decondensation

Unwinding of the condensed nuclear chromatin of an inactive male pronucleus after fertilization.


positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + 2,5-dihydroxypyridine = formate + maleamate.


fluoren-9-ol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: fluoren-9-ol + 2 NADP+ = fluoren-9-one + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.


regulation of twitch skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


RNA polymerase V activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase V specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


posterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.


response to methionine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methionine stimulus.


negative regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.


regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating norepinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.


T cell secretory granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a T cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.


embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


positive regulation of cartilage condensation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cartilage condensation.


lateral ventricle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral ventricles over time, from the formation to the mature structure. The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle.


alpha-linked polysaccharide catabolism to maltotriose

The breakdown of large alpha-linked polysaccharides by hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages to yield maltotriose.


phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + phenanthrylsulfate.


phosphate ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phosphate ions within an organism or cell.


intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic cations within a cell. Monatomic cations (also called simple cations) are cations consisting of exactly one atom.


protein N-linked glycosylation via tryptophan

The glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-tryptophan, 1'-glycosyl-L-tryptophan; results in the formation of an (S)-2-amino-3-(1-D-mannopyranosyloxy-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid residue.


serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanyl-D-alanine + H2O = (Ac)2-L-Lys-D-alanine + D-alanine.


oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization

Establishment and maintenance of a specific axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network. The axis is set so that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


molybdopterin synthase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of precursor Z to molybdopterin, the final step in molybdopterin biosynthesis.


positive regulation of androstenedione secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.


zymosterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).


regulation of meristem development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


protein K48-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.


positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting angiogenesis.


negative regulation of heat generation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of heat generation.


regulation of single-species biofilm formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation.


negative regulation of hemopoiesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.


establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


interferon-alpha production

The appearance of interferon-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


leading edge cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + RRACH = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + RRm6ACH; R is a purine, and H is C, A, or U.


protein-heme linkage via 3'-L-histidine

The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 3'-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-heme-histidine, pros-heme-histidine).


Malpighian tubule bud morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the embryonic hindgut tube to form the Malpighian tubule. A bud is a protrusion that forms from the tube by localized changes in cell shape and position.


endo-alpha-(2,8)-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (2->8)-alpha-sialosyl linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.


retinoic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


DNA excision

The removal of a section of DNA from a larger DNA molecule by the making of dual incisions that flank the section to be excised.


regulation of multicellular organismal development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.


sinoatrial node cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sinoatrial (SA) node cell. SA node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the sinoatrial node.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex.


sphingomyelin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine.


kappa-carrageenase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose in kappa-carrageenans.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.


epinephrine binding

Binding to epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


lactase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactose + H2O = D-glucose + D-galactose.


secondary heart field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).


activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by androgen binding to its receptor in the urogenital sinus mesenchyme that initiates prostate induction. Prostate induction is the close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.


prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of prostaglandins from one side of a membrane to the other. A prostaglandin is any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.


positive regulation of inhibin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.


protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal

A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to or removed from a target protein.


endoplasmic reticulum cisternal network maintenance

The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternal network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER cisternal network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with low curvature in cross-section.


mycodextranase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha-D-glucans containing both 1,3- and 1,4-bonds.


GSI anchor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchors, which attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.


spermine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.


CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


RNA translocase activity

Generating a movement along a single- or double-stranded RNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


mammary stem cell proliferation

The expansion of a mammary stem cell population by cell division. Mammary stem cells are a source of cells for growth of the mammary gland during puberty and gestation. These cells can give rise to both the luminal and myoepithelial cell types of the gland, and can regenerate the entire organ.


ribosome disassembly

The disaggregation of a ribosome into its constituent components; includes the dissociation of ribosomal subunits.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.


cellular response to monoamine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan.


ciliary pro-basal body maturation

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the conversion of an immature and partially assembled ciliary pro-basal body into a mature basal body that is capable of nucleating a cilium.


negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process.


detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.


negative regulation of starch metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.


granuloma formation

The formation of nodular inflammatory lesions, usually small or granular, firm, persistent, well-structured, and containing compactly grouped T lymphocytes and modified phagocytes such as epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. Granuloma formation represents a chronic inflammatory response initiated by various infectious and noninfectious agents. The center of a granuloma consists of fused macrophages, which can become necrotic.


regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.


Binding to an RNA molecule modified by C5-methylcytidine.


muscle cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


simple leaf morphogenesis

The leaf morphogenesis process which results in the shaping of a simple leaf. A simple leaf is a leaf in which the lamina is undivided.


retina development in camera-type eye

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.


regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.


cyclization of asparagine involved in intein-mediated protein splicing

The cyclization of asparagine to yield an L-aspartimide (otherwise known as alpha-aminosuccinimide) residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.


Kupffer's vesicle development

The progression of the Kupffer's vesicle over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The Kupffer's vesicle is a small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that stops or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


O antigen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.


chorismate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate = chorismate + phosphate.


negative regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exo-alpha-sialidase activity.


vasculogenesis

The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.


HRI-mediated signaling

A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via HRI (also known as EIF2AK1), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals, such as heme deficiency, oxidative stress, osmotic shock, mitochondrial dysfunction and heat shock.


sporangiospore formation

The process in which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.


4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol + ATP = 4-CDP-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-3-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl)-L-serine + H2O = D-galactosyl-3-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + L-serine in mucin-type glycoproteins.


intestinal lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.


double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.


Catalysis of the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + an aromatic amino acid = L-glycine + an aromatic oxo acid.


apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> ladanein + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->5)-alpha-arabinofuranosidic linkages in (1->5) arabinans.


glutathione transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation

Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


eriodictyol 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + NADPH + O2 + 2 H+ <=> 2-hydroxyeriodictyol + NADP + H2O.


allantoinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allantoin + H2O = allantoate.


peptidyl-threonine decanoylation

The decanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


luteinizing hormone signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by luteinizing hormone binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


MHC class Ib protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules.


spermidine:coumaroyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a coumaroyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


coenzyme F420 binding

Binding to F420, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


glycerol-3-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerol-3-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


wall teichoic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.


positive regulation of renal sodium excretion by pressure natriuresis

An increase in the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time, as a result of pressure natriuresis.


methionine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine = D-methionine.


regulation of membrane repolarization during action potential

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane repolarization during an action potential. Membrane repolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the repolarizing direction, towards the resting potential.


flower formation

The process that gives rise to the flower. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


(S)-usnate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-2-acetyl-6-(3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one + NAD+ = (S)-usnate + 2 H+ + NADH.


T cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


GMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

A decrease in the diameter of collecting lymphatic vessels.


collagen binding

Binding to collagen, a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).


CCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCC codon.


histone H2A acetylation

The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group.


thiamine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.


4-hydroxyphenylacetate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate from one side of a membrane to the other.


lung morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the lung are generated and organized.


negative regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.


SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an SA node cardiomyocyte to an atrial cardiomyocyte.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development.


regulation of response to cytokine stimulus

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.


cell septum edging catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the dissolution of the septum edging during cell separation.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucosamine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + CoA + H+.


snoRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


aspartate family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.


peptidyl-lysine trimethylation

The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.


presynaptic membrane assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.


ion channel modulating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of an ion channel.


negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxia

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.


neural plate thickening

The process of apical-basal elongation of individual ectodermal cells during the formation of the neural placode.


acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.


Pup conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of Pup from one protein to another via the reaction X-Pup + Y = Y-Pup + X, where both the X-Pup and Y-Pup linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


detoxification of nitrogen compound

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances.


regulation of uredinium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


sequence-specific mRNA binding

Binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) of a specific nucleotide composition or a specific sequence motif.


equator specification

The formation and development of the equator that forms the boundary between the photoreceptors in the dorsal sector of the eye and those in the ventral sector, dividing the eye into dorsal and ventral halves.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + thioredoxin.


Catalysis of the reaction: galactitol-1-phosphate + NAD+ = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.


interleukin-21 production

The appearance of interleukin-21 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


neuromast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory organ of the lateral line and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromasts are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.


positive regulation of peptide antigen transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptide antigen transport.


ether biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events that contribute to the perception of pain in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a larval imaginal disc epithelium are generated and organized.


inflammatory cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyrophosphate + a 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine D-ribonucleotide = PRPP + a 2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrimidine.


positive regulation of distal tip cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.


cyclohexane monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexane + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = cyclohexanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


response to freezing

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.


mesenchyme migration involved in limb bud formation

The migration of mesenchymal tissue that contributes to the formation of a limb bud.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl phosphate D-mannose + protein = dolichyl phosphate + O-D-mannosylprotein.


positive regulation of urine volume

Any process that increases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


CD86 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD86, a CD marker that occurs on antigen presenting cells that provides co-stimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival.


primitive erythrocyte differentiation

Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.


cell chemotaxis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The directed movement of the outgrowing Malpighian tubule guided by specific chemical cues/signals. Movement may be towards a guidance cue (positive chemotaxis) or away from it (negative chemotaxis). Guidance contributes to the final positioning of the tubule.


oral apparatus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the oral apparatus. The oral apparatus is a funnel-like structure used by the cell to collect food and channel it to the cytostome, characteristic of ciliate protozoans.


atrial ventricular junction remodeling

The reorganization or renovation of heart tissue that contributes to the maturation of the connection between an atrium and a ventricle.


5'-hydroxyl dinucleotide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in 5'OH-RNA according to the reaction 5'OH-RNA + H20 = 5'OH-NpN (dinucleotide) + 5'P-RNA.


neurofilament cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins.


cytoplasmic translation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in the cytoplasm. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein.


glycogen binding

Binding to glycogen.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (protein)-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (protein)-N-methyl-arginine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexanoate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H+ + NADPH.


regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrial cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


positive regulation of posterior neural plate formation by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate or extent of the formation of the posterior neural plate, the posterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.


regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.


sex determination, somatic-gonadal interaction

The process that mediates the interactions between somatic cells and gonadal cells that ultimately results in the specification of sexual status of the organism.


Enables the directed movement of phosphatidylcholine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Phosphatidylcholine refers to a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.


2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.


establishment of bipolar cell polarity

The specification and formation of bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


rhombomere 8 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 8 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


development of secondary female sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In female humans, these include growth of axillary and pubic hair, breast development and menstrual periods. Their development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-galactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + galactosamine(out) = protein histidine + galactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


negative regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.


sequestering of BMP in extracellular matrix

Confining a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to the extracellular matrix (ECM), such that it is separated from other components of the signaling pathway, including its cell surface receptor. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted as homodimers, non-covalently associated with N-terminal pro-peptides, and are targeted to the extracellular matrix through interaction with matrix proteins.


catabolism by virus of host DNA

The breakdown of host DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, by a virus.


branching involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland cord is generated and organized. The mammary gland cord is a solid epithelial structure that will hollow out, forming the mammary duct.


monoatomic cation efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a cation or cations from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


carvone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carvone + 2 H+ + 2 e- = dihydrocarvone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


positive regulation of amine catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 11-deoxycortisol + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


plastoglobule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plastoglobule. Plastoglobule is a lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.


p-cresol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-cresol.


neuroblast delamination

The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neuroblast splits off of a neurectodermal sheet.


fructoselysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructoselysine.


siderophore catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.


L-sorbose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + O2 = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H2O2.


regulation of erythrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte apoptotic process.


pancreatic D cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


The appearance of vascular endothelial growth factor production due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


lactate racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate = (R)-lactate.


tRNA acetylation

The modification of tRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to tRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


fatty acid ligase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of a fatty acid to an acceptor, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.


flavin reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a reduced flavin + NAD+ = an oxidized flavin + 2 H+ + NADH.


oligodendrocyte cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oligodendrocyte.


isopimaradienal hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isopimaradienal + NADPH + O2 <=> isopimaric acid + NADP + H2O.


rhombomere 7 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 7 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


lysine carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + carbamoyl phosphate = L-homocitrulline + H+ + phosphate.


prophase

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of meiosis and mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


regulation of skeletal muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell differentiation.


programmed cell death involved in cell development

The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


endodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an endoderm cell, a cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA = 2-methylhex-2-enoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + e-.


carbohydrate kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a carbohydrate substrate molecule.


positive regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.


Catalyzes the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(alpha-D-xylosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine.


angiotensin-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that increases the diameter of a blood vessel via the renin-angiotensin system.


methylthioribulose 1-phosphate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate = 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O.


regulation of atrichoblast fate specification

Any process that modulates atrichoblast fate specification.


branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system

Allocation of a set number of cells to each primary branch in an open tracheal system, prior to the onset of cell migration. This establishes different domains of cells within the tracheal placode.


B cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


chemoattraction of dopaminergic neuron axon

The process in which a dopaminergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.


integrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules.


regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.


negative regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


positive regulation of hair cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


Catalysis of the reaction: fluoroacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = fluoroacetate + NADH + 2 H+.


establishment of protein localization to vacuole

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole.


glucose catabolic process to D-lactate and ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the enzymatic breakdown of D-glucose to D-lactate and ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at the rate of one ATP per glucose molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + glycine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-glycine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


allose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of allose from one side of a membrane to the other. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


vascular endothelial cell response to laminar fluid shear stress

Any response to laminar fluid shear stress in a vascular endothelial cell.


glyoxylate cycle

A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate.


positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


alpha-cuprenene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (-)-alpha-cuprenene + diphosphoric acid.


[methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [methyl-Co(III) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = [Co(I) methylamine-specific corrinoid protein] + H+ + methyl-coenzyme M. This reaction is the transfer of the methyl group from the methylated corrinoid cofactor of a methylamine corrinoid protein to coenzyme M.


negative regulation of fat cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.


taste bud morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the taste bud are generated and organized. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.


NAD-dependent protein demyristoylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ + H2O = tetradecanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


regulation of cellular component size

A process that modulates the size of a cellular component.


allantoicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allantoate + H2O = (S)-ureidoglycolate + urea.


pinocarveol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = pinocarvone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


high-affinity IgE receptor activity

Combining with high affinity with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


eugenol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


cranial nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD(P)+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NAD(P)H + H+.


cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity

cGMP dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


regulation of gluconeogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.


root hair initiation

The process in which a protrusion or bulge is formed at the site of plant root hair outgrowth.


type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to give double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. ATP hydrolysis is required. Cleavage is dependent on the presence of two copies of a specific recognition sequence in an inverse orientation in the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance from one of the recognition sites.


regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.


exochitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal 1,4-beta-linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, exochitinases progressively cleave off two subunits from the reducing or non-reducing ends of the chitin chain.


indole alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 2'-O-sulfate. Results in sulfation of glucuronic acid and iduronic acid residues.


negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


central nervous system formation

The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


prenyl-FMNH2 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in prenyl-FMNH2, an essential cofactor for the decarboxylase enzymes UbiD and Fdc1.


CCACCA tRNA nucleotidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an unstable tRNA + 2 ATP + 4 CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CCACCA end + 6 diphosphate.


regulation of sensory perception

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


nucleic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Nucleic acids are single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information.


chondrocyte morphogenesis involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized.


amino-acid betaine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


berbamunine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-N-methylcoclaurine + (R)-N-methylcoclaurine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = berbamunine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


mycothiol-dependent detoxification

The chemical reactions using mycothiol to convert an alkylating agent to an S-conjugate of mycothiol. The latter is cleaved to release mercapturic acid which is excreted from the cell.


organic acid binding

Binding to an organic acid, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


2-aminobenzoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e- = NH3 + benzoyl-CoA.


ADP-ribosylserine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-seryl-[protein] + H2O = L-seryl-[protein] + ADP-ribose.


stress response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis

The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


neuromuscular junction development

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction.


negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


dextranase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextran.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta-carotenol + O2 = (E,E)-7-hydroxy-6-methylhepta-3,5-dienal + 14'-apo-beta-carotenal.


negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


inositol-3-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate. This reaction requires NAD, which dehydrogenates the CHOH group to CO at C-5 of the glucose 6-phosphate, making C-6 into an active methylene, able to condense with the aldehyde at C-1. Finally, the enzyme-bound NADH reconverts C-5 into the CHOH form.


rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->2)-linked B-galacturonic acid residues of the rhamnogalacturonan I backbone.


ribonuclease P4 activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 3'-extranucleotides from tRNA precursor.


dihydroxy-acid dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O.


positive regulation of macrophage proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage proliferation.


monoatomic cation:bicarbonate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: monoatomic cation(out) + HCO3-(out) = monoatomic cation(in) + HCO3-(in).


leucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.


glucose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD(P)+.


cellular response to trehalose stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.


17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone binding

Binding to 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.


negative regulation of reverse cholesterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.


detection of inactivity

The series of events in which a inactivity stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation.


CUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUC codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H+ + pyruvate = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO2.


carbon dioxide receptor activity

Combining with carbon dioxide to initiate a change in cell activity.


endoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.


spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


RNA polyadenylation at postsynapse

A polyadenylation event (the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule) that takes place at a postsynapse.


globose nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the globose nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of T cell anergy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.


protoaphin-aglucone dehydratase (cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protoaphin aglucone = H2O + xanthoaphin.


trans-geranyl-CoA isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-geranyl-CoA = cis-geranyl-CoA.


response to undecane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an undecane stimulus.


ferroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 Fe2+ + 4 H+ + O2 = 4 Fe3+ + 2 H2O.


positive regulation of immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.


farnesol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


optic vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the optic vesicle from the lateral wall of the forebrain. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the vesicle and ends when the vesicle has evaginated. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup.


protein deneddylation

The removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein.


iron ion sequestering activity

Binding to an iron ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


coenzyme F420-0:L-glutamate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + L-glutamate + factor F420-0 = GDP + H+ + factor gamma-F420-1 + phosphate.


fruit dehiscence

The process leading to the spontaneous opening of the fruit permitting the escape of seeds.


atrial septum intermedium development

The progression of the atrial septum intermedium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-4-nitrosobenzene + NADPH + H+ = 1-chloro-4-hydroxylaminobenzene + NADP+ + H2O.


cerebellar granular layer development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar granule layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


regulation of response to alcohol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.


regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.


regulation of MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade.


ABC-type D-ribose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-ribose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + D-ribose(in).


histone H3K18 decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone H3 position 18] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone H3] + nicotinamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + ATP = N-adenylylanthranilate + diphosphate + H+.


negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


box H/ACA snoRNP complex binding

Binding to a box H/ACA snoRNP complex.


tRNA dihydrouridine synthesis

The process whereby a uridine in a transfer RNA is converted to dihydrouridine.


response to carboplatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carboplatin stimulus.


positive regulation of cytolysis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis.


fumarate reductase (menaquinone)

Catalysis of the reaction: fumarate + a menaquinol = succinate + a menaquinone.


root radial pattern formation

The radial pattern formation process that results in the formation of the different tissues of the root around its radial axis.


(-)-menthol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + NADP+ = (2S,5R)-menthone + H+ + NADPH.


response to immobilization stress combined with electrical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus given while being held immobile.


dGTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dGTP + H2O = dGMP + H+ + diphosphate.


Atg8 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG8, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone.


cephalosporin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.


protein-DNA ISRE complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex, in which the complex is formed through interaction of the protein(s) with a interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the DNA.


regulation of action potential firing threshold

Any process that regulates the potential at which an axon potential is triggered.


trophectodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.


modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


cellular response to sugar-phosphate stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the accumulation of sugar-phosphate.


embryonic meristem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


euchromatin binding

Binding to euchromatin, a dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.


protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-beta-aspartate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-beta-aspartate methyl ester.


[2Fe-2S] cluster assembly

The incorporation of two iron atoms and two sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.


4-hydroxycoumarin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxycoumarin.


protein-phycocyanobilin linkage via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine.


homophytochelatin synthase (dimmer forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alaninate <=> gamma-Glu-Cys-gamma-Glu-Cys-beta-Ala + glycine.


cellular component biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component.


IRES-dependent translational initiation of circular RNA

The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits via an internal ribosome entry segment (IRES) before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate circular mRNA translation.


modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


molecular carrier activity

Directly binding to a specific ion or molecule and delivering it either to an acceptor molecule or to a specific location.


cellular response to zinc ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of zinc ions.


modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + N(1)-acetylspermidine.


modulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host

The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uroporphyrinogen-III = coproporphyrinogen + 4 CO2.


bud dormancy process

A dormancy process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken in a bud. Bud dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. It may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. The exit from bud dormancy is marked by the resumed growth of the bud.


inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.


3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',5-tribromobisphenol A + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 3,3'-dibromobisphenol A + HBr.