mammary gland fat development

The progression of the mammary gland fat over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts.


mesonephric capsule development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The progression of the mesonephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue.


tendon sheath development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tendon sheath over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A tendon sheath is a layer of membrane around a tendon. It permits the tendon to move.


cardiac skeleton development

The progression of the cardiac skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac skeleton is a specialized extracellular matrix that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart.


kidney stroma development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney stroma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney stroma is the mesenchyme of the mature kidney.


mesonephric glomerular mesangium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells in the mesonephros, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.


metanephric capsule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


glomerular mesangium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.


renal capsule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands.


influenza A virus protein PA-X

An influenzavirus PA gene translation product that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P0CK64 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof in influenza A virus.


7-methylguanosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.


protein C inhibitor-plasma kallikrein complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and plasma kallikrein (KLK1B); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of plasma kallikrein.


bundle sheath cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a bundle sheath cell.


o-xylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.


xylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.


m-xylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of m-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.


p-xylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene), a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.


4-chlorobenzoate-CoA ligase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoate + CoA + ATP = 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate. This reaction requires magnesium and is part of the bacterial 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation pathway.


(+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl ester transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of (+)-abscisic acid D-glucopyranosyl ester from one side of a membrane to the other.


auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells.


alpha7-beta1 integrin-focal adhesion kinase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha7-beta1 integrin complex bound to focal adhesion kinase.


The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.


N-terminal protein amino acid deamination

The removal of an amino group from the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.


N-terminal peptidyl-valine deamination

The deamination of the N-terminal valine residue of a protein to form isobutyrate.


The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal asparagine residue of a protein.


The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.


N-terminal peptidyl-amino acid deamination to pyruvic acid

The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine, or peptidyl-serine, to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.


The deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-2-oxobutanoic acid.


N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from amino carbon

The oxidative deamination of the alpha carbon of an encoded N-terminal amino acid, to form pyruvic acid retaining an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the adjacent residue. The pyruvate 2-oxo group may become an enzyme active site, or it may be reduced to an alcohol.


N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from side chain

The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal asparagine or glutamine residue of a protein.


N-terminal peptidyl-serine deamination

The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.


positive regulation of adaptive immune memory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune memory response.


biotin-[propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (ATP-hydrolyzing)] ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (propanoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)).


medium-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).


outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space

The region between the inner (cytoplasmic or plasma) membrane and outer membrane of organisms with two membranes such as Gram negative bacteria. These periplasmic spaces are relatively thick and contain a thin peptidoglycan layer (PGL), also referred to as a thin cell wall.


cellular response to temperature stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.


F-9775B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of F-9775B.


glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione = 5-oxoproline + L-cysteinylglycine.


narrow pore channel activity

Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that may be gated or ungated.


narrow pore, gated channel activity

Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that opens in response to a particular stimulus.


leak channel activity

Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that is open even in an unstimulated or 'resting' state.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: raffinose(out) + H+(out) = raffinose(in) + H+(in).


raffinose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of raffinose from one side of a membrane to the other. Raffinose occurs in plants almost as commonly as sucrose and is present in cereal grains, cotton seeds, and many legumes. It is synthesized from sucrose by transfer of a galactopyranoside from myo-inositol.


lactose catabolic process via tagatose-6-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, via the intermediate tagatose-6-phosphate.


oligosaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


sucrose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.


ajugose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


lipopolysaccharide core region metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues. The structure of this core oligosaccharide appears to be similar in closely related bacterial strains.


maltose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose), an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch.


lactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose.


cellotriose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellotriose.


trehalose metabolism in response to heat stress

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.


trehalose catabolism in response to heat stress

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the degradation of trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.


melibiose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.


trehalose biosynthesis in response to heat stress

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.


verbascose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving verbascose, the pentasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


stachyose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachyose, the tetrasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


sucrose catabolic process via 3'-ketosucrose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, which proceeds via the conversion of sucrose to 3'-ketosucrose. 3'-ketosucrose is hydrolyzed to 3-ketoglucose and fructose, and the 3-ketoglucose is then be converted to glucose.


glycolytic process from sucrose through glucose and fructose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose into pyruvate through both glucose and fructose intermediates, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.


raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs, such as raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and other molecules with a higher degree of galactosyl polymerization).


trehalose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.


verbascose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of verbascose, the pentasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues.


cellodextrin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellodextrin.


melibiose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.


sucrose catabolic process to fructose-6-phosphate through glucose and fructose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, to yield fructose-6-phosphate through both glucose and fructose intermediates.


disaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of disaccharides, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.


oligosaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


trehalose metabolism in response to cold stress

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.


stachyose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachyose, the tetrasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


sucrose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.


cyclodextrin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclodextrin.


cyclodextrin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cyclodextrin.


lactose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.


maltoheptaose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a maltoheptaose.


lactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.


ajugose biosynthetic process using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, by a pathway in which galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase catalyzes chain elongation by transferring the alpha-galactosyl residue of galactinol to the oligosaccharide.


disaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of disaccharides, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.


disaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any disaccharide, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.


cellobiose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellobiose.


raffinose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


raffinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.


maltoheptaose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a maltoheptaose.


lactose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.


maltose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose).


cellotriose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellotriose.


cellooligosaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cellooligosaccharide.


sucrose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.


cellooligosaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellooligosaccharide.


cellobiose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellobiose.


trehalose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.


raffinose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


ajugose biosynthetic process using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, by a pathway in which galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase catalyzes chain elongation by transferring the alpha-galactosyl residue of one raffinose-family oligosaccharide to another.


trehalose metabolism in response to stress

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


trehalose metabolism in response to water deprivation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of deprivation of water.


lactose catabolic process, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, catalyzed by the enzyme glucoside 3-dehydrogenase.


oligosaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.


maltose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose).


glycolytic process from sucrose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a sucrose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.


cellodextrin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cellodextrin.


melibiose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.


aerobic raffinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of raffinose that occur in the presence of oxygen.


ajugose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.


trehalose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.


sucrose catabolic process to fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, which proceeds by phosphorylation of sucrose to form sucrose-6-phosphate. The subsequent actions of a hydrolase and a fructokinase generate fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate.


renal zinc excretion

The elimination of zinc ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


late nucleophagy

A type of nucleophagy, distinct from piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus (PNM) where the nuclear material is delivered to the vacuole/lysosome for breakdown and recycling later than observed for PNM.


process utilizing autophagic mechanism

A cellular process involving delivery of a portion of the cytoplasm to lysosomes or to the plant or fungal vacuole that does not involve direct transport through the endocytic or vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) pathways. This process typically leads to degradation of the cargo; however, it can also be used to deliver resident proteins, such as in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway.


lysophagy

The selective autophagy process in which a damaged lysosome is degraded by macroautophagy.


glycophagy

The selective autophagy process in which cellular glycogen is delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


ribophagy

The selective autophagy process in which cells degrade mature ribosomes under conditions of starvation.


micromitophagy

Degradation of a mitochondrion by lysosomal microautophagy.


mitophagy by induced vacuole formation

The process in which cells degrade mitochondria by inducing a vacuole-like structure which directly engulfs and degrades the unhealthy mitochondria by accumulating lysosomes.


lysosomal microautophagy

The transfer of cytosolic components into the lysosomal compartment by direct invagination of the lysosomal membrane without prior sequestration into an autophagosome. The engulfing membranes fuse, resulting in the lysosomal delivery of the cargo wrapped in a single membrane derived from the invaginated lysosomal membrane. In S. cerevisiae, the vacuole is the lysosomal compartment.


xenophagy

The selective autophagy process in which a region of cytoplasm containing an intracellular pathogen or some part of an intracellular pathogen (e.g. viral capsid) is enclosed in a double membrane bound autophagosome, which then fuses with the lysosome leading to degradation of the contents.


micropexophagy

Degradation of a peroxisome by lysosomal microautophagy.


proteaphagy

The selective autophagy process that clears 26S proteasomes; homeostatic mechanism within the ubiquitin system that modulates proteolytic capacity and eliminates damaged particles.


autophagy of peroxisome

The process in which peroxisomes are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing nutrient conditions.


pexophagy

The selective autophagy process in which a peroxisome is degraded by macroautophagy.


autophagy of mitochondrion

The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


mitophagy

The selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy.


reticulophagy

The selective autohagy process in which parts of the endoplasmic reticulum are loaded into autophagosomes, delivered to the vacuole, and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


nucleophagy

A form of autophagy, by which damaged or non-essential parts of the nucleus, or even an entire nucleus is degraded.


selective autophagy

The macroautophagy process in which specific structures are targeted by the autophagy process.


autophagy

The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.


aggrephagy

Selective degradation of protein aggregates by macroautophagy.


lipophagy

The selective autophagy process in which lipid droplets are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus

Degradation of a cell nucleus by lysosomal microautophagy.


chaperone-mediated autophagy

The autophagy process which begins when chaperones and co-chaperones recognize a target motif and unfold the substrate protein. The proteins are then transported to the lysosome where they are degraded.


microlipophagy

Microautophagy-mediated direct internalization of lipid droplets into a lysosome-like vacuole during nutrient depletion, such as during the transition to stationary phase or in response to nutrient limitation. Microlipophagy is mediated by the formation of sterol-enriched vacuolar microdomains at sites of engulfment. Initiation of microautophagy is defined as the point where liquid-ordered microdomains are formed at sites of engulfment, that requires S. cerevisiae Atg32p and Atg21p, as well as Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) sterol transporter proteins, Ncr1p and Npc2p. This is followed by redistribution of Atg14p from ER exit sites onto liquid-ordered vacuole membrane domains through interaction with stabilized AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and together with Atg6p facilities docking and internalization of lipid droplets (LDs) at sites of invagination.


macroautophagy

The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure. Autophagosomes then fuse with a lysosome (or vacuole) releasing single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies that are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Some types of macroautophagy, e.g. pexophagy, mitophagy, involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded.


late endosomal microautophagy

The autophagy process by which cytosolic proteins targeted for degradation are tagged with a chaperone and are directly transferred into and degraded in a late endosomal compartment.


SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, docking

The process in which an SRP-bound ribosome forms a complex with the SRP receptor in the ER membrane, allowing the ribosome to bind to the membrane, during cotranslational membrane targeting.


DL-2 haloacid dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroacetate + 2 H2O = 3 H+ + 3 Cl- + oxalate.


positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.


granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production

The appearance of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.


cranial ganglion maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial ganglion to attain its fully functional state.


ganglion maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for ganglion to attain its fully functional state.


trigeminal ganglion maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trigeminal ganglion to attain its fully functional state.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-all-trans-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinol + AH2 + O2 = A + a 3-demethylubiquinol + H2O.


negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.


positive regulation of heart induction by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that positively regulates heart induction. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart induction is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.


positive regulation of pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion, a signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.


regulation of pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion, a signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.


negative regulation of pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion, a signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-aminovinylacetate + H2O = succinic semialdehyde + NH3.


vitamin D biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


vitamin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


vitamin D3 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D3.


phylloquinone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.


aerobic cobalamin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the presence of oxygen.


L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.


vitamin E biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


'de novo' pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from simpler components.


thiamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


vitamin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid. Animals cannot synthesize vitamin A de novo, but form it through oxidative cleavage of carotenoids.


fat-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.


vitamin B6 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


calcitriol biosynthetic process from calciol

Conversion of vitamin D3 from its largely inactive form (calciol, also called cholecalciferol) into a hormonally active form (calcitriol). Conversion requires 25-hydroxylation of calciol in the liver to form calcidiol, and subsequent 1,alpha-hydroxylation of calcidiol in the kidney to form calcitriol.


anaerobic cobalamin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the absence of oxygen.


L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process via GDP-alpha-D-mannose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid via the intermediate GDP-alpha-D-mannose.


thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process from pyridoxamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from pyridoxamine.


L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process via UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid via the intermediate UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.


water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.


thiamine salvage

A process that generates thiamine (vitamin B1) from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


pyridoxal biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.


cobalamin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


pyridoxine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.


vitamin K biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.


pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage

Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


thiamine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine (vitamin B1), and related compounds.


zonula adherens maintenance

Maintaining the zonula adherens junction, the cell-cell adherens junction formed near the apex of epithelial cells.


adherens junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


adherens junction disassembly

The disaggregation of an adherens junction into its constituent components. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


zonula adherens assembly

Assembly of the zonula adherens, a cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells.


adherens junction maintenance

The maintenance of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


nephrocyte diaphragm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nephrocyte diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between nephrocytes of the insect kidney.


adherens junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


S-nitrosoglutathione binding

Binding to S-nitrosoglutathione, a nitrosothiol considered to be a natural nitric oxide (NO) donor involved in S-nitrosylation, and in the storage and transport of nitric oxide in biological systems.


A protein complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity; contains a catalytic subunit, a regulatory subunit, and a third subunit that stabilizes the complex. In human and several other metazoa, the subunits are named DPM1, DPM2 and DPM3, respectively.


melibiose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of melibiose from one side of a membrane to the other. Melibiose is the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose and occurs as a constituent of the trisaccharide raffinose or in the exudates and nectaries of a number of plants.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + Na+(out) = melibiose(in) + Na+(in).


melibiose:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: melibiose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = melibiose(in) + monovalent cation(in).


negative regulation of cell size

Any process that reduces cell size.


cellular response to neutral pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a neutral pH (pH close to 7) stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


positive regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

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Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration resulting from the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration, by platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway.


negative regulation of stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the differentiation of a neuroendocrine cell in the stomach.


regulation of stomach neuroendocrine cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the differentiation of a neuroendocrine cell in the stomach.


3,4-dihydrocoumarin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydrocoumarin + H2O = 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.


negative regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat T4 phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-threonine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 4) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


phosphoric ester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RPO-R' + H2O = RPOOH + R'H. This reaction is the hydrolysis of any phosphoric ester bond, any ester formed from orthophosphoric acid, O=P(OH)3.


glycerol-3-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.


inositol tetrakisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol trisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose-6-phosphate + phosphate.


protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, metal-dependent

Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate. This reaction requires metal ions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + H2O = 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate + phosphate.


thymidylate 5'-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thymidylate + H2O = thymidine + phosphate.


3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + H2O = D-glycerate + phosphate.


[3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)]-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphate = phosphate + [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)].


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 3'-phosphate.


inositol monophosphate 4-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 4-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: [acetyl-CoA carboxylase]-phosphate + H2O = [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] + phosphate.


calcium-dependent phospholipase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + choline phosphate. This reaction requires Ca2+.


non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine + phosphate.


ecdysone-phosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ecdysone 22-phosphate + H2O <=> ecdysone + hydrogenphosphate.


lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lysophosphatidic acid + H2O = phosphate + monoacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate + H2O = 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol + phosphate.


N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D activity

Catalysis of the release of N-acylethanolamine from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) to generate N-acylethanolamine (NAE).


calmodulin-activated 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = dihydrosphingosine + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate + phosphate.


pyridoxal phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + H2O = pyridoxal + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructose 2,6-bisphosphate + H2O = beta-D-fructofuranose 2-phosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands

Catalysis of the hydrolytic removal of phosphoglycolate from the 3'-terminus of a 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strand.


sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide 1-phosphate + choline + H+.


acid phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an acid pH optimum.


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate.


diisopropyl-fluorophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diisopropyl fluorophosphate + H2O = diisopropyl phosphate + 2 H+ + hydrogen fluoride.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


[pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] phosphate + H2O = [pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)] + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: ceramide-1-phosphate + H2O = ceramide+ phosphate.


trehalose-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = trehalose + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-O-phospho-3-sulfolactate + H2O = (R)-3-sulfolactate + phosphate.


pseudouridine 5'-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pseudouridine 5'-phosphate + H2O = pseudouridine + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + H2O = 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione + orthophosphate.


acid sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+ in an acidic environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


carbohydrate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbohydrate phosphate + H2O = carbohydrate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


streptomycin-6-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + streptomycin 6-phosphate = phosphate + streptomycin.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate = an 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.


inositol monophosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


protein histidine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein histidine phosphate + H2O = protein histidine + phosphate.


glucosylglycerol 3-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = 2-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-sn-glycerol + phosphate.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat Y1 phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-tyrosine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 1) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


IMP 5'-nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-IMP + H2O = inosine + phosphate.


phospholipase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + a phosphatidate.


D,D-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-beta-D-heptose 1,7-bisphosphate + H2O = D-beta-D-heptose 1-phosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphoenolpyruvate = phosphate + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside cyclic phosphate + H2O = a nucleoside phosphate.


nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + H2O = a nucleoside + phosphate.


[phosphorylase] phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [phosphorylase a] + 4 H2O = 2 [phosphorylase b] + 4 phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acylneuraminate 9-phosphate + H2O = N-acylneuraminate + phosphate.


dGTPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dGTP + H2O = 2'-deoxyguanosine + 2 H+ + triphosphate.


phosphoglycolate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycolate + H2O = glycolate + phosphate.


transmembrane receptor protein phosphatase activity

Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate.


3'-nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3'-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 5'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase II and DNA.


5-phytase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + myo-inositol hexakisphosphate = phosphate + 1L-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate.


glycerol-2-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 2-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.


histidinol-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol phosphate + H2O = L-histidinol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = sphingosine + phosphate.


phosphatidate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


glucose-1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,6-trisphosphate + phosphate.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the 5-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prenylated-protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = prenylated-protein tyrosine + phosphate.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S2 phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 2) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + serine phosphoethanolamine = H+ + phosphoethanolamine + serine.


caldesmon-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: caldesmon phosphate + H2O = caldesmon + phosphate.


phosphocholine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choline phosphate + H2O = choline + phosphate.


phosphatidylinositol monophosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol monophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol + phosphate.


sorbitol-6-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucitol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.


tyrosyl-RNA phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a 5' tyrosyl-RNA phosphodiester bond between a protein and RNA. In picornaviruses, this covalent bond connects VPg, a viral-encoded protein essential for RNA replication, to the 5' end of all nascent picornavirus genomes; it is cleaved from viral RNA prior to its engaging in protein synthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol phosphate + phosphate.


ribitol-5-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ribitol-5-phosphate + H20 = ribitol + phosphate.


phosphodiesterase I activity

Catalysis of the sequential hydrolytic removal of 5'-nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxy termini of 3'-hydroxy-terminated oligonucleotides.


photoreceptor cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside phosphate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of bonds in a cyclic nucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = galactose + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S5 phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 5) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H2O = adenosine 5'-phosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = choline phosphate + glycerol + H+.


alkylacetylglycerophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) + H2O = guanosine 5'-diphosphate + diphosphate.


dolichyl-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl phosphate + H2O = dolichol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (9S,10S)-10-hydroxy-9-(phosphonooxy)octadecanoate + H2O = (9S,10S)-9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)] + H2O = AMP + [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)].


phosphoglycerate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate + H2O = D-glycerate + phosphate.


aryldialkylphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aryl dialkyl phosphate + H2O = dialkyl phosphate + an aryl alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + mannosylphosphorylinositol.


phosphatidylglycerophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerophosphate + H2O = phosphatidylglycerol + phosphate.


triphosphoric monoester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a triphosphoester to give a triphosphate group and a free hydroxyl group.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate + H2O = phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.


protein tyrosine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.


deoxynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a deoxynucleoside 3'-phosphate + H2O = a deoxynucleoside + phosphate.


protein arginine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein arginine phosphate + H2O = protein arginine + phosphate.


cardiolipin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of cardiolipin (1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol), releasing phosphatidic acid (PA).


deoxynucleoside triphosphate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dNTP + H2O = 2'-deoxynucleoside + H+ + triphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 5-phosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


acireductone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate; (1a) 5-(methylthio)-2,3-dioxopentyl phosphate = 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate; (1b) 2-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)-3-oxopent-1-enyl phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate.


NADPH phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H2O = NADH + hydrogenphosphate.


fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.


5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl 1,2-cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phosphonato-alpha-D-ribose cyclic-1,2-phosphate + H2O <=> H+ + alpha-D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate.


mannosyl-diinositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mannosyl-diinositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + mannosyldiphosphorylinositol.


inositol monophosphate 3-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate + H2O = sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 2'-phosphate.


phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate + phosphate.


inositol pentakisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.


tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between a DNA topoisomerase and DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglycerate + H2O = 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate + H2O = 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one + phosphate. 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate is also known as HK-MTPenyl-P, and 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene as DHK-MTPene.


myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myosin light-chain phosphate + H2O = myosin light chain + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = a nucleoside 5'-phosphate.


cGMP-inhibited cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is decreased in the presence of cGMP.


FMN phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FMN + H2O = riboflavin + hydrogenphosphate.


calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate. These reactions require the presence of calcium ions.


NADP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NADP+ = NAD+ + phosphate.


inositol monophosphate 1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol 1-phosphate + H2O = myo-inositol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a glycerophosphodiester + H2O = an alcohol + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


5'-deoxynucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate + H20=a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside + phosphate.


2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate + H2O = 2-deoxy-D-glucose + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-2,3-bisphosphoglycerate + H2O = (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, via thiol-phosphate intermediate

The catalysis of phosphate removal from a phosphotyrosine using cysteine as a nucleophile and proceed by means of a thiol-phosphate intermediate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-3-phospho-1-thio-D-glycerate + H2O = S-methyl-1-thio-D-glycerate + phosphate.


glucose-6-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate. D-glucopyranose is also known as D-glucose 6-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = ethanolamine + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: [glycogen-synthase D] + H2O = [glycogen-synthase I] + phosphate.


sugar-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sugar phosphate + H2O = sugar + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: [acyl-carrier protein] + H2O = 4'-phosphopantetheine + apoprotein.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = ethanolamine + 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-3,4,6-trisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol phosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-ADP-2-phosphoglycerate + H2O = 3-ADP-glycerate + phosphate.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate 4-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the 4-phosphate group of a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-1-glycero-3-phosphocholine = glycerol-3-phosphate + choline.


FMN hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FMN + H2O = riboflavin + phosphate.


glycerol-1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol-1-phosphate + H2O = glycerol + phosphate.


phospholipase D activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myoinositol = 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate + glycerol.


[isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)] phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [isocitrate dehydrogenase] phosphate + H2O = [isocitrate dehydrogenase] + phosphate.


phosphatidylglycerol phospholipase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylglycerol + H2O = 1,2-diacylglycerol + glycerol 3-phosphate.


D-ribose 2,5-bisphosphate 2-phosphohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + D-ribofuranose 2,5-bisphosphate <=> hydrogenphosphate + D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate.


4-phytase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = 1-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + H2O <=> (13E)-labda-7,13-dien-15-ol + diphosphoric acid.


inositol phosphorylceramide phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphorylceramide + H2O = C26-phytoceramide + phosphorylinositol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + myo-inositol + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.


lipid phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = a lipid + phosphate.


diphosphoric monoester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a diphosphoester to give a diphosphate group and a free hydroxyl group.


JUN kinase phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphate + H2O = JUN kinase serine/threonine/tyrosine + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol phosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + H2O = 5'-phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine + H+.


inositol phosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphate(n) + H2O = inositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from an inositol phosphate.


inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inositol phosphosphingolipid + H2O = sphingolipid + phosphorylinositol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


alkaline phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n) + H2O = phosphatidylinositol phosphate(n-1) + phosphate. This reaction is the removal of a phosphate group from a phosphatidylinositol phosphate.


inositol bisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol bisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol phosphate + phosphate.


phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + phosphocholine.


fructose-1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-fructofuranose 1-phosphate + H2O <=> beta-D-fructofuranose + hydrogenphosphate.


sucrose-phosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose 6F-phosphate + H2O = sucrose + phosphate.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S7 phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat--phospho-L-serine (consensus YSPTSPS)(position 7) + H2O = RNA polymerase II large subunit + phosphate.


protein adenylylhydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenylyl-protein+ H2O = adenylate + protein; mediates the removal of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) from specific residues of target proteins.


inositol trisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol bisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine = H+ + an N-acylethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


NMN phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide (NMN-) + H2O = beta-nicotinamide D-riboside (nicotinamide ribose, NmR) + phosphate.


phosphoric triester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a phosphoric triester.


mannitol-1-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + H2O = D-mannitol + 2 H+ + phosphate.


[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)]-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphate = phosphate + [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)].


sugar-terminal-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sugar phosphorylated on the terminal carbon = a sugar + phosphate.


prenyl-diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prenyl diphosphate + H2O = prenol + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl beta-D-mannosyl phosphate + H2O = dolichol-phosphate + mannose.


[pyruvate kinase]-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [pyruvate kinase] phosphate + H2O = [pyruvate kinase] + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate + orthophosphate.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 3'-phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between DNA topoisomerase I and DNA.


thiamine phosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine phosphate + H2O = thiamine + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 6-(D-glucose-1-phospho)-D-mannosylglycoprotein = D-mannosylglycoprotein + D-glucose-alpha-1-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + H2O = glycerol 1-phosphate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + CMP-N-acylneuraminate = N-acylneuraminate + CMP.


neutral sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+ in a neutral environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an ecdysteroid 22-phosphate = hydrogenphosphate + an ecdysteroid.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = L-galactose + phosphate.


inositol hexakisphosphate 2-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = protein serine/threonine + phosphate, dependent on the presence of calcium-bound calmodulin.


3',5'-nucleotide bisphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3',5'-nucleoside bisphosphate + H20 = 5'-nucleoside monophosphate + phosphate.


GPI-mannose ethanolamine phosphate phosphodiesterase activity

A phosphoric diester hydrolase activity that removes the ethanolamine phosphate from mannose 2 of a GPI anchor.


5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1,2-cyclic phosphate 1-phosphohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phosphonato-alpha-D-ribose cyclic-1,2-phosphate + H2O <=> D-ribofuranose 2,5-bisphosphate + H+.


7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-phosphate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3-bisphosphate + phosphate.


L-phosphoserine phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-serine + H2O = L-serine + phosphate, on a free amino acid.


XMP 5'-nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'XMP + H20 = phosphate + xanthosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 4,5,6-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 4,6-bisphosphate + phosphate.


monoterpenyl-diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: monoterpenyl diphosphate + H2O = monoterpenol + diphosphate.


calmodulin-activated dual specificity 3',5'-cyclic-GMP, 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+ and 3',5'-cyclic GMP + H2O = GMP + H+; this activity is activated by binding to calcium-bound calmodulin.


1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate) + H2O = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3,4-bisphosphate) + phosphate.


cGMP-stimulated cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate; catalytic activity is increased in the presence of cGMP.


glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein phosphatidylinositol + H2O = phosphatidate + glycoprotein inositol.


L-threonine O-3-phosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phospho-L-threonine + H2O = L-threonine + hydrogenphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + H2O = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (mixed isomers) + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 2,4-bisphosphate + phosphate.


alpha-ribazole phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate + H2O = alpha-ribazole + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate + phosphate.


3-phytase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',5'-cyclic AMP + H2O = AMP + H+.


heparin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.


positive regulation of autophagic cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death.


4-nitrophenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.


4-nitrophenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.


gibberellin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.


positive regulation of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly.


4-chlorobenzaldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzaldehyde + 2 H2O = 4-chlorobenzoate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


AP-1 adaptor complex

A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-1-containing coats are normally found primarily in the trans-Golgi network. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C).


clathrin adaptor complex

A membrane coat adaptor complex that links clathrin to a membrane.


AP-2 adaptor complex

A heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits, and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle, and the cargo receptors during receptor/clathrin mediated endocytosis. Vesicles with AP-2-containing coats are normally found primarily near the plasma membrane, on endocytic vesicles. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.


1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.


1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.


mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which antigen-activated dendritic cells acquire the specialized features of a mature conventional dendritic cell. Mature conventional dendritic cells upregulate the surface expression of MHC molecules, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules, and increase the number of dendrites (cytoplasmic protrusions) in preparation for migration to lymphoid organs where they present antigen to T cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = CoA + 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-24-oxo-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.


C-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.


acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA.


serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + H+ + palmitoyl-CoA = 3-dehydrosphinganine + CO2 + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxohexanoyl-CoA + CoA = propanoyl-CoA + butyryl-CoA.


fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADH + 2n NADPH + 4n H+ = a long-chain acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NAD+ + 2n NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: myristoyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = 3-oxopalmitoyl-CoA + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + deacetylcephalosporin C = cephalosporin C + CoA.


glycine C-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + glycine = L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + CoA.


formate C-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + formate = CoA + pyruvate.


C-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.


acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 acetyl-CoA = CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA.


C-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a carbon atom on the acceptor molecule.


negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.


oxidized purine DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized purine residue.


oxidized DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized residue.


oxidized pyrimidine DNA binding

Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized pyrimidine residue.


8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA binding

Binding to 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine an oxidized purine residue found in damaged DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dTDP-3-N-methylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dTDP-3-N,N-dimethylamino-4-oxo-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H+.


nuclear inner membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner membrane.


nuclear membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear inner or outer membrane.


nuclear membrane fusion

The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus.


nuclear membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the nuclear membranes, for example during cellular division.


nuclear outer membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear outer membrane.


nuclear fragmentation involved in apoptotic nuclear change

The breakdown of the nucleus into small membrane-bounded compartments, or blebs, each of which contain compacted DNA.


nuclear membrane reassembly

The reformation of the nuclear membranes following their breakdown in the context of a normal process.


sperm nuclear envelope removal

Removal of the sperm nuclear envelope, allowing entry of maternal factors into the sperm nucleus.


nuclear membrane fusion involved in karyogamy

The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus during the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 4' positions.


positive regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.


heterochromatin island

A region of facultative heterochromatin formed dynamically at specific loci in response to environmental signals, independently of RNAi.


extracellular matrix organization in marginal zone involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The process that leads to the deposition of extracellular matrix signals in the marginal zone of the developing cerebral cortex. This extracellular matrix controls the movement of migrating cells. In mammals, the matrix is modified by Cajal-Retzius cells.


(Z,E)-alpha- farnesene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene + diphosphoric acid.


wing and notum subfield formation

The regionalization process that subdivides the wing imaginal disc into the wing and notum (body wall) subfields, thus determining whether cells ultimately differentiate wing or notum-specific structures.


proplastid

The precursor of other plastids.


cellular response to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine stimulus.


response to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine stimulus.


response to chondroitin 6'-sulfate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 6'-sulfate stimulus.


cellular response to chondroitin 6'-sulfate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chondroitin 6'-sulfate stimulus.


metanephric glomerular endothelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus of the metanephros.


glomerular epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


mesonephric glomerular epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus in the mesonephros. The mesonephric glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


glomerular endothelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus.


metanephric glomerular epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus in the metanephros. The metanephric glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.


diiodophenylpyruvate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD+ = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H+ + NADH.


protein tyrosine kinase collagen receptor activity

Combining with collagen and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex

An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.


spinal cord patterning

The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.


triplex DNA binding

Binding to a DNA triple helix. The formation of triple helical DNA has been evoked in several cellular processes including transcription, replication, and recombination.


regulation of myofibril number

Any process that modulates the number of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.


geissoschizine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geissoschizine + NADP+ = 4,21-dehydrogeissoschizine + H+ + NADPH.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + lipoamide = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide + CO2.


platelet-derived growth factor complex

A protein complex consisting of two chains of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) subunits. PDGF dimers bind to PDGF receptors in the plasma membrane and induce receptor dimerisation and activation. PDGFs are involved in a wide variety of signalling processes. PDGFs are found in all vertebrates where at least 2 different chains (A and B) exist. In human (and other mammals), four types of PDGF chains (A, B, C, and D) are known which form five different dimers (AA, AB, BB, CC and DD).


growth factor complex

A protein complex that has growth factor activity.


insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex

A complex of proteins which includes the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and a number of IGF-binding proteins. The complex plays a role in growth and development.


insulin-like growth factor ternary complex

A complex of three proteins, which in animals is approximately 150kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), or -5 (IGFBP-5) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). The complex plays a role in growth and development.


VEGF-A complex

A homodimeric, extracellular protein complex containing two VEGF-A monomers. Binds to and activates a receptor tyrosine kinase.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from choline and CDP-diacylglycerol

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that involves a one-step direct condensation of choline with CDP-diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine.


cellular response to red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


response to red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


response to photoperiod, red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light photoperiod stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm.


response to very low fluence red light stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Very low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing light levels of less than 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


red light signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


response to low fluence red light stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing a light level of 0.001-0.1 mmol/m2/sec.


U5 snRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U5 snRNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA + CoASH = 3-isopropylbut-3-enoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA.


hydroxynitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroxynitrile = cyanide + an aldehyde or ketone.


aliphatic (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic (S)-hydroxynitrile = an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone + cyanide.


aromatic (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic (S)-hydroxynitrile = an aromatic aldehyde + cyanide.


hydroxymandelonitrile lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymandelonitrile = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + hydrocyanate.


aliphatic (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic (R)-hydroxynitrile = an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone + hydrogen cyanide.


positive regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


folate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Folate derivative (out) + anion (in) = folate derivative (in) + anion (out). The Reduced Folate Carrier (RCF(SLC19A1) acts by an antiport mechanism. RCF carries several folate derivatives: MTX, PMX, ratitrexed, pralatrexate, 5-methyl THF, and 5-formyl THF.