Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.


biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-D-galactofuranose.


maternal aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.


regulation of conidium formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


G protein-coupled nucleotide receptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: heptosyl-KDO2-lipid A + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A + ADP + H+.


glutamate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


metallochaperone activity

Binding to and delivering metal ions to a target protein.


response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


positive regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.


cerebellar cortex morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


long-chain fatty acid binding

Binding to a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


shelterin complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a shelterin complex. A shelterin complex is a nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase.


positive regulation of circadian rhythm

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.


negative regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.


response to protozoan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.


regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + homogentisate + H+ <=> 2-methyl-6-all-trans-nonaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone + carbon dioxide + diphosphoric acid.


shoot system morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground.


'de novo' L-methionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid, from simpler components.


ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] = adenosine diphosphate ribose + [dinitrogen reductase].


MBF transcription complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MBF transcription complex.


regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Voltage-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential. This is a key step in synaptic transmission, following the arrival of an action potential at the synapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NADP+ = D-mannose 6-phosphate + 3 H+ + NADPH.


cellular response to arsenite(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite(3-) stimulus.


stress response to copper ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a copper ion stimulus.


CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA.


establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


regulation of vegetative phase change

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vegetative phase change. Vegetative phase change is the set of post-embryonic processes involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


taxane 13-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol = H2O + NADP+ + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha,13alpha-diol.


primary lung bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds.


arachidonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arachidonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


vinorine hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + vinorine = H2O + NADP+ + vomilenine.


viral genome circularization

The circularization of a viral genome following infection of a host cell. This is common amongst bacterial viruses to protect the viral genome ends from nucleases, to convert the linear genome to an integrative precursor or to give rise to the replicative form of the genome. It can be mediated by covalent closure of the DNA sticky ends, recombinaison between redundant terminal sequences or via the binding of a protein at the viral DNA extremities.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


radial spoke assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the radial spoke, a protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus.


negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotriose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


somatostatin receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + butanoyl-CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + butanoate.


fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step of each oxidation cycle, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass through the respiratory chain to oxygen and leave H2O as the product. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


positive regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


regulation of laminaritriose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.


liver regeneration

The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.


efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve.


cellular response to mercury ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.


glutamine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + N-acyl-L-glutamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ + a stearoyl-[acp] = nonadec-1-ene + 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


hemicellulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present.


MHC class II biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.


DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA replication checkpoint, that prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.


positive regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.


telencephalon regionalization

The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops.


calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell.


regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


pigment accumulation in response to UV light

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


histone H3-K36 trimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 36 of the histone.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


hindbrain radial glia guided cell migration

The radially directed movement of a cell along radial glial cells in the hindbrain. Radial migration refers to a directed movement from the internal ventricular area to the outer surface of the hindbrain.


dGMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).


regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.


intracellular magnesium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of magnesium ions within a cell.


prepulse inhibition

The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse.


negative regulation of striated muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.


ingression involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The migration of individual cells into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


negative regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.


positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol.


lymph vessel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of lymph vessels are generated and organized. The lymph vessel is the vasculature carrying lymph.


cytochrome metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cytochrome.


L-glutamine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-glutamine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


protein demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a protein.


cephalosporinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a cephalosporin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the cephalosporin.


modulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of its symbiont organism.


post-embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the post-embryonic life stage.


histone H3 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H3 substrate.


negative regulation of odontoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.


histone H3K23 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 23) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 23).


heart wedging

The morphogenetic process in which the aorta inserts between the atrioventricular valves, contributing to the shaping of the heart.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-cellobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + cellobiose(out) = protein histidine + cellobiose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


leucophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a leucophore cell. Leucophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain uric acid or other purine crystals, deposited in stacks called leucosomes. This gives them a white appearance.


tRNA gene clustering

The process in which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae.


modification by symbiont of host cell nucleus

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host cell nucleus.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil20b in tRNA + NAD(P) = H+ + a uracil20b in tRNA + NAD(P)H.


modulation by symbiont of host defense response

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of its host, the response mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


methane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.


negative regulation of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which reduces appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-N6-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + acetyl-CoA = (R)-N6-(S8-acetyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + CoA.


response to organonitrogen compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


rubredoxin-NADP+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADPH + H+.


spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


morphogenesis of an epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.


Catalysis of the reaction: dithioerythritol + thiosulfate = hydrogen sulfide + dithioerythritol disulfide + sulfite.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-hydroxypropionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-hydroxypropionate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-xylose(out) + H+(out) = D-xylose(in) + H+(in).


germarium-derived oocyte fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cold-induced thermogenesis.


vascular endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress

Any response to fluid shear stress in a vascular endothelial cell.


fumonisin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumonisin.


positive regulation of olefin metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of olefin metabolic process.


regulation of cellular response to alcohol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alcohol.


SCF ubiquitin ligase complex binding

Binding to a SCF ubiquitin ligase complex.


regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the dorsal spinal cord.


leukotriene receptor activity

Combining with a leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotrienes are pharmacologically active substances with a set of three conjugated double bonds; some contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


carbon dioxide binding

Binding to carbon dioxide.


UDP-D-galacturonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


negative regulation of anion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.


L-gulonate 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H+ + NADH.


aryl sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.


protein insertion into membrane

The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


inner ear morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.


protein-bilin linkage

The covalent linkage of bilin and a protein.


stomium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stomium is a fissure or pore in the anther lobe through which the pollen is released.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-galactosalaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.


pronephric glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


phthalate binding

Binding to a phthalate, any ester or salt of phthalic acid.


ABC-type iron-sulfur cluster transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + iron-sulfur cluster(in) = ADP + phosphate + iron-sulfur cluster(out).


rhombomere 1 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


glucanosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the splitting and linkage of glucan molecules, resulting in glucan chain elongation.


perillic acid-CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + perillyl-CoA.


2-propylphenol monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-propylphenol + O2 + NADH + H+ = 3-propylcatechol + H2O + NAD.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + A = AH(2) + orotate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + H+ = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O.


(S)-scoulerine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (S)-scoulerine.


thymus epithelium morphogenesis

The process in which the thymus epithelium is generated and organized.


response to rapamycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.


acylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.


intestinal epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of an intestinal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


forebrain neuroblast differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of basal progenitor cells, neuroblasts that lose their contacts with the ventricular surface. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


ATP-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


thymidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate + succinyl-CoA = citramalyl-CoA + succinate.


cardioblast cell midline fusion

The attachment of cardiac progenitor cells to one another that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


peptidyl-arginine N-methylation

The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


oxygen carrier activity

Binding to oxygen and delivering it to an acceptor molecule or a specific location.


acrosome matrix dispersal

The proteolytic digestion of components in the acrosomal matrix that occurs as part of the acrosome reaction. The process can occur either in the cumulus oophorous facilitating the penetration of it by the sperm, or at the zona pellucida allowing the sperm to reach the plasma membrane of the egg where the inner acrosomal membrane of the sperm can interact with the egg plasma membrane.


ribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


response to glutathione

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glutathione stimulus.


molybdenum incorporation into molybdenum-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of molybdenum into a molybdenum-molybdopterin complex.


protein arginylation

The conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein; required for the degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway.


regulation of glycerol transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of heart rate in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of the heart rate of the bitten/stung organism.


rhombomere 7 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


cell motility in response to potassium ion

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


glutathione thiolesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-acylglutathione + H2O = a carboxylate + glutathione + H+.


stamen formation

The process that contributes to the act of giving rise to the stamen. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


organ or tissue specific immune response

An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.


rhombomere 4 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


Catalysis of the reaction: long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate = long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phosphoglycerate.


centrosome localization

Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-9 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-9.


protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine

The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine.


pentadec-1-ene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentadec-1-ene.


retina homeostasis

A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.


asparagine biosynthetic process from oxaloacetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including oxaloacetate.


dinitrosyl-iron complex binding

Binding to a dinitrosyl-iron complex. Nitric oxide (NO) is stored as dinitrosyl-iron complexes, which form spontaneously from Glutathione (GSH), S-nitrosoglutathione, and trace amounts of ferrous ions, or by reaction of iron-sulfur centers with NO.


homoaconitate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-homoisocitrate = cis-homoaconitate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)+ + H2O = N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)H + H+.


phosphoketolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + phosphate = acetyl phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.


positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


G protein-coupled enkephalin receptor activity

Combining with an enkephalin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. A enkephalin is a pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) involved in regulating nociception in the body.


pons structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pons. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


positive regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


RNA glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in an RNA molecule.


apigenin 7-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + apigenin-7-olate <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + genkwanin.


DNA double-strand break processing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-beta-L-rhamnose + L-arginyl-[protein] = dTDP + H+ + N(omega)-(L-rhamnosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein].


cellular response to inorganic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.


Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-threonylcarbomyladenosine (t6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms2t6A).


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


B-1 B cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


protein transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a protein from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of neuron migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.


negative regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.


thiaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thiamine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n) + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n+1).


glial cell-neuron signaling

Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a glial cell to a neuron. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules, depending on which glial cells release them, and in which tissues the signalling occurs, e.g. microglial cell-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) in the retina, or microglial cell-derived superoxide ions in the cerebellum.


starch metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants. It is a glucan consisting of two components, amylose and amylopectin, which are both glucose homopolymers. Starch is synthesized as a temporary storage form of carbon and can be catabolized to produce sucrose.


positive regulation of osteoclast development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.


evasion by virus of DNA end degradation

A process by which a virus evades and ends degradation of its DNA when free viral-DNA ends are exposed as part of its life-cycle. For example, some bacteriophages encode proteins that bind to free viral DNA ends, protecting them from degradation by host exonucleases.


tRNA 5-carboxymethoxyuridine methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to a 5-carboxymethoxy-modified uridine residue in a tRNA molecule.


multi-organism reproductive process

A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism.


ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


protein polymerization

The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.


tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


positive regulation of ascospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O.


salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (ester-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid glucose ester + UDP.


L-xylulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-xylulose = ADP + L-xylulose 5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate.


collagen V binding

Binding to a type V collagen trimer.


modulation by symbiont of host induced systemic resistance

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + a standard alpha amino acid <=> L-homomethionine + a 2-oxo carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = halima-5(6),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.


negative regulation of vitamin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.


cholesterol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + cholesterol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + cholesterol sulfate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)+ = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H + H+.


cellular response to oxygen radical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.


maintenance of imaginal histoblast diploidy

The negative regulation of the differentiation of polytenized larval hypodermal cells from abdominal histoblasts. The abdominal histoblasts remain a small cluster of diploid cells among the polytenized larval hypodermal cells.


sulfiredoxin activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine) + ATP + 2 R-SH = peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine) + ADP + phosphate + R-S-S-R.


negative regulation of memory T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ galactoside(out) = sodium(in) + galactoside(in).


pectoral fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


synaptic vesicle clustering

The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles in presynaptic structures.


lung induction

The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the foregut to change their fates and specify the development of the lung.


actin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.


signal clustering

Grouping of multiple copies of a signal at a cellular location. May promote receptor clustering and alter the signal transduction response.


xylan acetylation

The addition of one or more acetyl groups to a xylan molecule.


epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation

Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a ligand for an epidermal growth factor receptor. The ligand is functional when it can bind to and activate an epidermal growth factor receptor.


dihydromethanopterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + NADPH = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NADP.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside] sinapoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-malonylglucoside + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6'-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside + beta-D-glucose.


regulation of bone remodeling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity.


fruit development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.


leg disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the leg imaginal disc.


regulation of artery smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of artery smooth muscle contraction.


K antigen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.


The multiplication or reproduction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Oligodendrocyte progenitors give rise to oligodendrocytes, which form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system.


socket cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a socket cell, a shoot epidermal cell that surrounds a trichome and provides its support.


negative regulation of action potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


fatty acid beta-oxidation

A fatty acid oxidation process that results in the complete oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and occurs by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A; the cycle continues until only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


negative regulation of retina development in camera-type eye

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.


lipoate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + 2 sulfur + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosyl.


Catalysis of the reaction: reactive black 5 + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized reactive black 5 + 2 H2O.


positive regulation of cornification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cornification.


establishment of protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the endoplasmic reticulum.


negative regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


germ cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form.


response to unfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin

The process in which angiotensinogen metabolites in the bloodstream modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. The process begins when renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,8-cineole + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> 2-exo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole + NADP + H2O.


regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of entry of bacterium into host cell.


gas vesicle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a gas vesicle. A gas vesicle is a hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps.


3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA = (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA.


peptidyl-lysine deglutarylation

The removal of a glutaryl group (CO-CH2-CH2--CH2-CO) from a glutarylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


inhibitory postsynaptic potential

A process that causes a temporary decrease in postsynaptic membrane potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.


regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.


regulation of icosanoid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-alcohol + acyl-CoA = a long-chain ester + CoA.


RNA nucleotide deletion

The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a single nucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-mannose + chitobiosyldiphosphodolichol = GDP + beta-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


branching involved in open tracheal system development

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in the open tracheal system are generated and organized.


MCM complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MCM complex, a hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.


endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pre-emptive quality control

The response to endoplasimic reticulum stress in which nascent proteins are degraded by attenuation of their translocation into the ER followed by rerouting to the cytosol without cleavage of the signal peptide, and subsequent degradation by the proteasome.


gibberellin A44,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + gibberellin A44 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A98 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


threonine efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of threonine from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


snRNA modification

The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within snRNA, resulting in a change in the properties of the snRNA.


nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric-oxide synthase, an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.


positive regulation of transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-R.


long-term synaptic potentiation

A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.


positive regulation of appetite

Any process that increases appetite.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabitol + NADP+ = L-arabinose + NADPH + H+.


apoptotic nuclear changes

Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis.


3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, an aromatic compound which is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of patulin, a toxin and antiviral agent produced by some moulds such as Penicillium patulinum.


2-phenylethyl 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside glucosidase (Yabukita) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phenylethyl 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O = 2-phenylethanol + 6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose.


Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroabietadienal + NADPH + O2 <=> dehydroabietic acid + NADP + H2O.


negative regulation of hemostasis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.


A protein modification process in which a polypeptide is added to a nascent polypeptide cotranslationally by trans-translation.


ocellus pigmentation

The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in an ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.


negative gravitropism

The orientation of plant parts away from gravity.


Hsp90 deacetylation

The modification of an Hsp90 protein by removal of acetyl groups.


co-transcriptional mRNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway

Any process involved in transcription termination-coupled 3' processing of RNA polymerase II mRNA transcripts by the 3' end cleavage  and addition of a poly(A) tail. This pathway is required for the maturation of primary protein-encoding transcripts into functional mRNAs that can be exported from the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm, but is also required for polyadenylation-dependent decay.


sensory perception of touch

The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach).


naphthalene disulfonate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1/2)-unsubstituted naphthalenoid-(2/1)-sulfonate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene derivative + HSO3(-). Substrates include naphthalene-1,6-disulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate), naphthalene-1-sulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene), naphthalene-2,6-disulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate) and naphthalene-2-sulfonate (forms 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene).


negative regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.


maintenance of chromosome location

Any process in which a chromosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


glycolytic process through glucose-1-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways through a glucose-1-phosphate intermediate that result in the catabolism of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.


adenohypophysis formation

The process that gives rise to adenohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.


U3 snoRNA binding

Binding to a U3 small nucleolar RNA.


3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n + H2O = (2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid)n-1 + 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of a 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid residue from a poly-2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid chain.


granum assembly

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly of a granum. A granum is a distinct stack of lamellae seen within chloroplasts.


myeloid progenitor cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol + NADP+ = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.


response to cisplatin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + hesperetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.


dCDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.


trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis

The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells.


response to DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA replication checkpoint signaling.


tubulin-tyrosine carboxypeptidase

Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-L-tyrosyl-[tubulin] + H2O = C-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[tubulin] + L-tyrosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-amino-L-alanine + oxalyl-CoA = N(3)-oxalyl-L-2,3-diaminopropanoate + CoA.


negative regulation of white fat cell proliferation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.


arachidonate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + ATP + CoA = AMP + arachidonoyl-CoA + diphosphate + H+.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid mediated signaling pathway.


The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


neuromuscular junction development, skeletal muscle fiber

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a neuromuscular junction that targets a skeletal muscle fiber.


interferon-kappa production

The appearance of interferon-kappa due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


intestinal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine.


chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


cell adhesion involved in dendrite retrograde extension

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite.


response to cytokinin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->6) bonds of alpha-D-mannose residues in mannosyl-oligosaccharide.


mitotic prophase

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the medullary pyramid

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the basilar pons through the medullary pyramid in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


red or far-red light signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


nitrite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + acceptor = product(s) of nitrate reduction + reduced acceptor.


negative regulation of lymphangiogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.


regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


actin phosphorylation

The transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.


modulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The receptor is defined as a protein on the cell membrane or within the cytoplasm or cell nucleus that binds to a specific molecule (a ligand) such as a neurotransmitter or a hormone or other substance, and initiates the cellular response to the ligand. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


choline monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choline + 2 reduced ferredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ = betaine aldehyde hydrate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2O.


lincomycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lincomycin.


regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


response to cholecystokinin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholecystokinin stimulus.


mitochondrial respirasome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of respiratory enzyme complexes of the mitochondrial inner membrane (including, for example, complex II, complex III, complex IV) to form a large supercomplex.


galactose catabolic process via D-galactonate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate D-galactonate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene + 4 H+ + 4 e- = 4-aminobenzoate + 4-aminobenzenesulfonate.


putamen development

The progression of the putamen over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The putamen is the lens-shaped basal ganglion involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.


cellular response to chemical stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


N-terminal peptidyl-alanine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase or other enzymes of this class, such as ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


secondary alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving secondary alcohol.


negative regulation of cardiac ventricle development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.


posterior lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.


extracellular matrix organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.


cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

A transition where a cardiac endothelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. Endocardial cells (specialized endothelial cells that line the heart) undergo EndMT, and give rise to mesenchymal cells necessary for proper heart development. EndMT, specifically generates valve progenitor cells that give rise to the mitral and tricuspid valves. EndMT also contributes to endocardial cushion formation, as well as to generation of cardiac fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, but not cardiac myocytes.


regulation of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaxial/abaxial pattern formation.


envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NAD+ = D-fructose 6-phosphate + NADH + H+.


COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, inter-Golgi cisterna

The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of inter-Golgi cisterna transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


negative regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


androgen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.


pantothenate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.


Golgi vesicle docking

The initial attachment of a Golgi transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the Golgi vesicle and the target membrane.


aspartate-ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + ATP + NH4 = L-asparagine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


artery vasodilation involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

An increase in the internal diameter of an artery, triggered by vasomotor suppression, during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an arylamine = CoA + an N-acetylarylamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N7-methylguanine.


response to interleukin-32

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-32 stimulus.


p-xylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-xylene, (1,4-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + dihydrogeranylgeranyl-PP + NADPH = tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-PP + NADP.


T cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


positive regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.


regulation of estrone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.


asexual spore wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an asexual spore wall, the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from an asexual process. Examples of this process are found in Bacterial and Fungal species.


Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


cellular component assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.


protein-lipid complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a protein-lipid complex.


negative regulation of epithelium regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.


interleukin-12 production

The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ + a heptodecanoyl-[acp] = octadec-1-ene + 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


positive regulation of cuticle pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.


sulochrin oxidase [(+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + 2 sulochrin = 2 (2S)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H2O.


paranodal junction maintenance

The maintenance of a paranodal junction, a highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. A paranodal junction flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve, electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments, and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.


response to diamide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diamide (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiazene-1,2-dicarboxamide) stimulus.


lipopolysaccharide localization to cell outer membrane

A process in which a lipopolysaccharide is transported to the cell outer membrane.


regulation of AMPA receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.


lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


regulation of border follicle cell delamination

Any process that regulates the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


negative regulation of response to cycloalkane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to cycloalkane.


negative regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.


negative regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.


creatine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + creatine = N-phosphocreatine + ADP + 2 H+.


phosphorylation-gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to phosphorylation of one of its constituent parts.


Catalysis of the reaction: neoagarohexaose + H2O <=> 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + agaropentaose.


renal control of peripheral vascular resistance involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by impeding blood flow through the peripheral vasculature.


smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a smooth muscle cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


histone H3K9 monomethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N6-methyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-4-phosphonatopantothenoyl]-L-cysteinate + H+ = CO2 + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


norepinephrine binding

Binding to norepinephrine, (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol), a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


nuclear pore organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore.


negative regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide.


endocardium formation

Formation of the endocardium of the heart. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


myocardial epithelial involution involved in heart jogging

The morphogenetic process in which the myocardium bends along a linear axis and contributes to the process of heart jogging.


roof plate formation

The formation of a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (3S)-(+)-asterisca-2(9),6-diene.


cupula development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.


dendrite development by retrograde extension

The progression of a dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the neuron to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


primary alcohol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to its receptor on the surface of a target cell.


hematopoietic stem cell migration to bone marrow

The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell into the bone marrow, and its subsequent positioning within defined functional compartments in that microenvironment. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.


negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH + H+.


tubulin N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (alpha-tubulin) L-lysine = CoA + (alpha-tubulin) N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


response to continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. The activity of the high-irradiance response system is characterized by stronger effects of continuous than pulsed light at equal total fluence.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + quinone = NADP+ + semiquinone.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in renal system development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the renal system as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


protein-containing complex organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex.


heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfate; results in 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine residues in heparan sulfate.


hydrogen peroxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (glyoxylate dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid + 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion = 4-oxobutanoate + glycine.


circulatory system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.


positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of mannan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mannan catabolic process.


miltiradiene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miltiradiene.


histone H4K20 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysyl(20)-[histone H4] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein, producing histone H4K20me3.


Catalysis of the reaction:(4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + glyoxylate.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.


tyrosine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = tyramine + CO2.


opine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-[(R)-1-carboxyethylamino]pentanoate + H2O + NAD+ = L-2-aminopentanoate + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


glycosinolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


cellular detoxification of aldehyde

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of an aldehyde. These may include transport of aldehydes away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


male germline ring canal formation

Formation of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a male cyst.


imitative learning

Learning in which new behaviors are acquired through imitation.


peptidylamidoglycolate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidylamidoglycolate = peptidyl amide + glyoxylate.


cellular response to L-cysteine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-cysteine stimulus. L-cysteine is an optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration.


lithocholic acid receptor activity

Combining with lithocholic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


cuticle development

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.


NIK/NF-kappaB signaling

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the NIK-dependent processing and activation of NF-KappaB. Begins with activation of the NF-KappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), which in turn phosphorylates and activates IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha). IKKalpha phosphorylates the NF-Kappa B2 protein (p100) leading to p100 processing and release of an active NF-KappaB (p52).


uracil:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: uracil(out) + cation(out) = uracil(in) + cation(in).


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. G-CSF binds to the receptor (CSF3R).


SAGA complex binding

Binding to a SAGA complex.


negative regulation of terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a terminal cell fate in an open tracheal system. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.


regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity.


tRNA exon ligation utilizing ATP as source of linkage phosphate

A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous ATP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in vertebrate species.


C-C motif chemokine 5 receptor activity

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


cspyrone B1 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cspyrone B1.


Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,10E,12R,14Z)-12-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoate.


positive regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.


establishment of plastid localization

The directed movement of a plastid to a specific location in the cell.


allatostatin receptor activity

Combining with allatostatin to initiate a change in cell activity.


B cell costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B cell receptor to augment B cell activation.


peptidyl-phenylalanine modification

The modification of peptidyl-phenylalanine.


positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


alpha-glucan catabolic process involved in ascospore release from ascus

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.


positive regulation of cleistothecium development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


cis-zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


regulation of taurine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of taurine biosynthesis.


ATPase-coupled polar amino acid-transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + polar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + polar amino acid(in).


regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.


RNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanal + H2O = 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


zeaxanthin epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-zeaxanthin + 4 H+ + 2 O2 + 4 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = all-trans-violaxanthin + 2 H2O + 4 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].


negative regulation of neuronal action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential.


gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-dependent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H+.


dCTP deaminase (dUMP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dCTP + 2 H2O = diphosphate + dUMP + H+ + NH4.


IP-10 production

The appearance of IP-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


90S preribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a 90S preribosome. The 90S preribosome represents the complex that forms on the primary rRNA transcript before it splits into the small subunit and large subunit portions.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-9 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


thymocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus.


induction by symbiont of host defense response

The activation by an organism of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.


cellular response to nitrogen starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.


regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.


pyruvate, phosphate dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + phosphate + pyruvate = AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate.


induction by symbiont of host systemic acquired resistance

Any process in which a symbiont activates systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


electron transporter, transferring electrons within cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.


D-glutamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamine, i.e. (2R)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + pyruvate = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-alanine.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a vascular smooth muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


positive regulation of glycerol transport

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


peptide cross-linking via L-cysteinyl-L-selenocysteine

The formation of a selenide-sulfide bond to form the cystine-like L-cysteinyl-L-selenocysteine, as in vertebrate selenopeptide P.


T-helper 17 type immune response

An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria with a key role in inflammation and tissue injury. This immune response is associated with pathological autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis and psoriasis which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 17 cells, most notably interleukin-17, IL-21 and IL-22.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + N-benzoyl-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.