positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


regulation of cardiac conduction

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.


D-2-hydroxy-acid dehydrogenase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + A = AH(2) + pyruvate.


2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + coenzyme M + NADP+ = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + CO2 + NADPH.


endodermal-mesodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from endodermal cells to mesodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


mesangial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesangial cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADH.


ent-kaurene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ent-kaur-16-ene. Ent-kaurene is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is a precursor of several plant isoprenoids, including gibberellins.


proline 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


CDP-glycerol diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-glycerol + H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CMP + 2 H+.


glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity

Combining with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


activin receptor activity

Combining with activin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Activin is one of two gonadal glycoproteins related to transforming growth factor beta.


histone H3K4 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 4).


asperthecin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving asperthecin, an anthraquinone pigment obtained from the mould Aspergillus nidulans.


spinal cord association neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


siRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional small interfering RNA (siRNA). Includes the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides. May also include amplification of the siRNA by RNA-directed RNA polymerase.


baculum development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the baculum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


respiratory electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


nuclear speck organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized.


regulation of Malpighian tubule diameter

Ensuring that the Malpighian tubule is the correct width. Malpighian tubules have a uniform circumference along their length; the circumference of the tubes is eight cells during the time the cells are dividing, after which the cells rearrange producting tubes with a cirumference of two cells.


hexokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate.


forebrain-midbrain boundary formation

The process whose specific outcome is the creation of the forebrain-midbrain boundary.


nicotinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinate.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.


amoeboid sperm motility

Any process involved in the controlled movement of an amoeboid sperm cell.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.


neural crest cell delamination

The negative regulation of cell adhesion process in which a neural crest cell physically separates from the rest of the neural tube.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in regulation of contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.


low-affinity tryptophan transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the low-affinity transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


mannoprotein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues.


extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


Catalysis of the 3-O-acetylation of a trichothecene. Trichothecenes are sesquiterpene epoxide mycotoxins that act as potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis.


cyclic nucleotide binding

Binding to a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.


ferulate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


alginic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).


nitrobenzene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitrobenzene.


response to platinum ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.


cerebellar molecular layer maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar molecular layer to attain its fully functional state. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


(4S)-limonene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4S)-limonene + diphosphate.


mRNA alternative polyadenylation

The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules with variable 3'-end length formation from a given pre-mRNA by differential use of cleavage and polyadenylation signals (pA signals).


heme O metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


urinary bladder development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urinary bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urinary bladder is an elastic, muscular sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion.


negative regulation of cellotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose transport.


xylene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: toluene + 1/2 O2 = benzyl alcohol, and xylene + 1/2 O2 = methylbenzyl alcohol.


negative regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.


response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


cranial ganglion formation

The process that gives rise to a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


ABC-type cysteine transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cysteine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + cysteine(in/out).


response to streptomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.


regulation of stomatal opening

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal opening.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neurotransmitter(out) + Na+(out) = neurotransmitter(in) + Na+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + demethylmacrocin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + macrocin.


cotyledon development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cotyledon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.


positive regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.


olfactory bulb mitral cell layer development

The progression of the olfactory bulb mitral cell layer over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mitral cell layer is composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer.


amino acid activation

The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule.


crotonobetaine-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + crotono-betaine + ATP = AMP + diphosphate + crotonobetainyl-CoA.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which X-H and Y-H form X-Y.


envenomation resulting in modulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in renal tubule morphogenesis

Any epithelial cell proliferation that is involved in renal tubule morphogenesis.


carotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.


regulation of response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


glutamate synthase activity

Catalysis of the formation of L-glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate from L-glutamate, using NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin as hydrogen acceptors.


protein-keratan sulfate linkage via keratan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-threonine

Keratan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and threonine residues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,3',4',5,7,8-hexahydroxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate = 5-carboxy-2-oxohept-3-enedioate.


dCMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.


carotene 7,8-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: neurosporene + donor-H2 + O2 = lycopene + acceptor + 2 H2O.


muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ or tissue due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.


transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL2 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


thymus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.


DNA beta-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.


regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.


1-18:2-2-18:2-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine desaturase activity (SN2-18:3 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:2-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


protein dehydration

The removal of a water group from a protein amino acid.


regulation of glial cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.


2-naphthoate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-naphthoyl-CoA + OH- = 2-naphthoate + CoASH.


tungsten incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of tungsten into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


positive regulation of osteoclast proliferation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.


inter-male aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious.


lipid tube assembly involved in organelle fusion

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as organelles fuse.


interleukin-2 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-2 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-35 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of mannotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mannotriose transport.


carbon catabolite repression

A process in which the presence of one carbon source leads to the modulation of the frequency, rate, or extent of the metabolism of other carbon sources.


intermediate-density lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within an intermediate-density lipoprotein particle.


mesenchyme development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate.


head kidney formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the head kidney. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate.


ligand-gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


sulfolactate sulfo-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfolactate = pyruvate + sulfite.


negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.


regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction.


lactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


pancreatic D cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic delta cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADP+ = (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + H+ + NADPH.


regulation of antral ovarian follicle growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antral ovarian follicle growth.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid.


2,4-dichlorobenzoate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


nephron tubule development

The progression of a nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney.


regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached.


dhurrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside which functions as a plant defense compound.


DNA synthesis involved in UV-damage excision repair

Any DNA synthesis that is involved in UV-damage excision repair.


chalcone isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a chalcone = a flavanone.


tubulin complex assembly

The aggregation and bonding together of alpha- and beta-tubulin to form a tubulin heterodimer.


peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine thiazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


regulation of lipid catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.


head kidney development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the head kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney. It is analogous to the mammalian bone marrow and the primary site of definitive hematopoiesis.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


negative regulation of membrane permeability

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.


arachidonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.


regulation of mammary gland involution

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.


all-trans-neoxanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of all-trans-neoxanthin.


sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a perthiol + 4 Fe3+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + a thiol + 4 Fe2+ + 8 H+.


alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


oxytetracycline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxytetracycline.


zeatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


heart field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area in which the heart will develop.


netrin receptor activity involved in chemoattraction

Combining with a netrin signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to contribute to the directed movement of a motile cell towards a higher concentration of netrin.


stevioside glucosyltransferase activity (rebaudioside A forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: stevioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rebaudioside A + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7-O-methylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,4'-dimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate + 1/2 O2 + H+ = sulfurous acid + branched-chain dodecyl-4-hydroxy-benzene + sulfite.


endosomal lumen acidification

Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte division

The process resulting in the oriented physical partitioning and separation of a chondrocytes in the growth plate.


plastid outer membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer membrane of a plastid.


G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

A G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


substrate-dependent cerebral cortex tangential migration

The process where neuronal precursors migrate tangentially in the cerebral cortex, primarily guided through physical cell-cell interactions.


phosphagen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


quinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone.


positive regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.


negative regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.


cellular response to mycophenolic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycophenolic acid stimulus.


ATPase-coupled 2-aminoethylphosphonate transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of 2-aminoethylphosphonate from one side of a membrane to the other by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + 2-aminoethylphosphonate(out) = ADP + phosphate + 2-aminoethylphosphonate(in).


H3-H4 histone complex chaperone activity

A histone chaperone that carries a H3-H4 histone complex.


glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor production

The regulated release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor from a cell. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons, notably dopaminergic and motor neurons.


negative regulation of signaling receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity.


regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


T-helper 1 cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a T-helper 1 cell in response to an external stimulus.


response to temperature stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(9) in tRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(9) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


(+)-thujopsene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-thujopsene + diphosphoric acid.


3-oxoacid decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + a 3-oxoacid = carbon dioxide + a methylketone.


positive regulation of apoptotic process in another organism

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism.


transcription regulatory region RNA binding

Binding to a RNA region within the transcript that regulates the transcription of a gene, cistron, or operon.


mitochondrial gene expression

The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway involved in stomatal movement

Any hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway that is involved in stomatal movement.


detoxification

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


regulation of antifungal innate immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.


trophoblast cell migration

Trophoblast cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. Trophoblast cells line the outside of the blastocyst.


response to oxygen-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.


luteinization

The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation.


deoxyhypusine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + spermidine = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + propane-1,3-diamine. Four sub-reactions have been identified,in which the intermediates remain tightly associated with the enzyme: spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH; dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + propane-1,3-diamine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[enzyme]-lysine + [eIF5A-precursor]-lysine = N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + [enzyme]-lysine; N-(4-aminobutylidene)-[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine + NADH + H+ = [eIF5A-precursor]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+.


protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum.


adenylylsulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-adenylyl sulfate + H2O = AMP + 2 H+ + sulfate.


halogenated hydrocarbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.


regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


(S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the alkylation of the primary hydroxyl group in (S)-glyceryl phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate to form (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate.


xanthosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-butyrate + UDP-D-glucose = indole-3-butyryl-beta-1-D-glucose + UDP.


spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues.


neural crest cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


specification of plant organ identity

The regionalization process in which the identity of a plant organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


UTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.


UDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP + H2O = UMP + phosphate.


NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+.


nitric oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 ferricytochrome c + nitrous oxide = 2 H+ + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 nitric oxide.


binding of sperm to zona pellucida

The process in which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place.


styrene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid soluble in ether and alcohol. When heated, exposed to light or added to a peroxide catalyst, it undergoes polymerization to form polystyrene, a versatile material used in the manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, thermal insulation, and packaging. Styrene is a classified mutagen and a suspected carcinogen.


adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate from one side of a membrane to the other.


carnosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).


actin filament severing activity

Binding to an actin subunit and promoting its dissociation from an actin filament by a local change in actin subunit conformation and orientation, and severing of filaments.


austinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of austinol.


cell migration involved in metanephros development

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the metanephric kidney over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


response to palmitoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-hydroxydecanoate + NAD+ = 10-oxodecanoate + H+ + NADH.


fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.


orlandin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of orlandin.


hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a hypothalamus neuron that releases gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.


[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate; modifies selected glucosamine residues preceded by GlcA2S.


steroid binding

Binding to a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.


neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


cholesterol ester hydrolysis involved in cholesterol transport

The cholesterol metabolic process in which cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed into free fatty acids and cholesterol in the lysosome that contributes to intracellular cholesterol transport.


proprioception involved in equilibrioception

The series of events contributing to equilibrioception by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.


positive regulation of cell fate specification

Any process that activates or enables a cell to adopt a specific fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + sulfite = phosphate + sulfoacetaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD+ = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


lipopolysaccharide immune receptor activity

Combining with a lipopolysaccharide and transmitting the signal across the cell membrane to initiate an innate immune response. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.


Sertoli cell barrier remodeling

The tissue remodeling process by which the Sertoli cell barrier is temporarily disrupted and reorganized to accommodate the transit of preleptotene spermatocytes at stage VIII of the epithelial cycle.


positive regulation of torso signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the torso signaling pathway.


analia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia development in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of stem cell population maintenance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.


regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration

The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration.


cellular response to ATP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.


glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.


semaphorin receptor activity

Combining with a semaphorin, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


N-methylalanine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-L-alanine + H2O + NADP+ = H+ + methylammonium + NADPH + pyruvate.


vancomycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.


pattern specification involved in mesonephros development

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the mesonephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


gamma-tocopherol cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone = gamma-tocopherol.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)) = AMP + diphosphate + (acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP forming)).


negative regulation by virus of host cell division

Any process where an infecting virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its host's cell division.


chondroitin sulfate binding

Binding to chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan made up of two alternating monosaccharides: D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc).


adrenomedullin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular adrenomedullin combining with a dimeric adrenomedullin receptor on the surface of the target cell.


regulatory ncRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a regulatory non-coding RNA molecule.


positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


polytene chromosome puffing

The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of target genes on polytene chromosomes following response to a stimulus, to facilitate sudden bursts of transcriptional activity in response to transient environmental signals.


Catalysis of the reaction: farnesylfarnesylgeranyl diphosphate + p-hydroxybenzoate = 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.


histone H3S57 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 57) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 57) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 57 of histone H3.


regulation of seedling development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seedling development.


L-DOPA binding

Binding to L-DOPA, the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosidic linkages in unbranched (1->6)-mannans.


anterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration

The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell along the developing anterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


patched ligand maturation

The posttranslational modification of members of the Hedgehog family of signaling proteins in order for Hedgehog to exert its biological activity. These modifications include cleavage of its signal sequence, autocatalytic protein cleavage and the attachment of sterol groups.


germinal center B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA).


regulation of white fat cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.


hippocampal pyramidal neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hippocampal pyramidal neuron, a pyramidal cell of the hippocampus.


4-coumaroyl 2'-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> 2,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl-CoA + succinate + carbon dioxide.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification

The modification, often by sulfation, of sugars incorporated into heparan sulfate after polymerization.


difructose-anhydride synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + bis-D-fructose 2',1:2,1'-dianhydride = inulobiose.


mitochondrion organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.


regulation of hypoxanthine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of hypoxanthine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


fumarate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate = fumarate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-(N-acetyl-B-glucosaminyl-1,2)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-beta)-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-beta)-D-mannosyl-R + UDP.


positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


N-glycan fucosylation

The process of transferring a fucosyl group to an N-glycan. An N-glycan is the carbohydrate portion of an N-glycoprotein when attached to a nitrogen from asparagine or arginine side-chains.


regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


histamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


fungiform papilla development

The progression of the fungiform papilla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.


regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


rubredoxin-NAD+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NAD+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADH + H+.


response to insecticide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insecticide stimulus. Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects.


cellular aldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O, as carried out by individual cells.


molybdenum cofactor sulfurtransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor(2-) + L-cysteine <=> thio-molybdenum cofactor + L-alanine + H2O.


selenocysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.


tetrapyrrole binding

Binding to a tetrapyrrole, a compound containing four pyrrole nuclei variously substituted and linked to each other through carbons at the alpha position.


regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.


protein deamination

The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid.


regulation of asexual sporulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation from the products of mitosis.


medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


regulation of host-seeking behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.


regulation of synergid differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.


alternate splicing of immunoglobulin genes

The generation of alternate transcripts of immunoglobulin genes through alternate splicing of exons.


Catalysis of the reaction: alanyl-poly(glycerolphosphate) + D-alanine + ATP = D-alanyl-alanyl-poly(glycerolphosphate) + phosphate + ADP.


ent-cassa-12,15-diene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-cassa-12,15-diene + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = L-2-aminoadipate + NADPH + H+.


D-valine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-valine.


positive regulation of response to amylopectin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin.


cytochrome-c peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ferrocytochrome c + hydrogen peroxide = 2 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O.


gap filling involved in double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

Repair of the gaps in the DNA helix using a discontinuous template during double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.


skeletal muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in skeletal muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxycinnamoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


kaempferol O-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of kaempferol.


co-translational protein modification

The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after translation has begun but before the protein has been released from the ribosome.


arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-(5S)-5-hydroperoxycosa-6,8,11,14-tetraenoate.


D-cysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin.


specification of segmental identity, trunk

The specification of the characteristic structures of trunk segments, following establishment of segment boundaries. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


response to tropane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.


regulation of fibrinolysis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, lipid-independent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, by the successively phosphorylation of myo-inositol or an inositol trisphosphate; the inositol trisphosphates that may be used by this pathway are inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 3,4,6trisphosphate.


generation of neurons

The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons.


pore formation in membrane of another organism

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components by an organism to form a pore complex in a membrane of another organism.


regulation of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus.


galactolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.


protein-lipid complex organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-lipid complex.


histone H3K36 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


fusome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome, a large intracellular spectrin-rich structure found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells.


positive regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.


guanosine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanosine-containing compounds (guanosines).


negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


vitamin D binding

Binding to vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).


candicidin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of candicidin.


DNA-3-methylbase glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methylbase + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methylbase. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methylpurine or 3-methylpyrimidine base and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the methylated base, leaving an apurinic or apyrimidinic site.


gamma-aminobutyric acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of gamma-aminobutyric acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Gamma-aminobutyric acid is 4-aminobutyrate (GABA).


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-microperfuranone.


pulmonary valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized.


maintenance of protease location in mast cell secretory granule

A process in which a protease is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


root hair cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a root hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


valine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


tyrosine sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of tyrosine.


mesonephric mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.


interneuron sorting involved in substrate-independent cerebral cortex tangential migration

The establishment and response to guidance cues that distribute interneurons to different cerebral cortex structures.


transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


N-acyl-D-aspartate deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-aspartate + H2O = D-aspartate + a carboxylate.


regulation of muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.


ribosomal small subunit biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a small ribosomal subunit; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.


adenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + sulfite + thioredoxin disulfide = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + thioredoxin.


sinapoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to an acceptor molecule.


regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.


intracellular glutamate homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of glutamate within a cell.


chloramphenicol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, from one side of a membrane to the other.


response to iloperidone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iloperidone stimulus.


regulation of male gonad development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.


B cell selection

The process dependent upon B cell antigen receptor signaling in response to self or foreign antigen through which B cells are selected for survival.


UDP-glucuronate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


UDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate = 3-oxopropanoate + glycerone phosphate.


zoospore formation

The process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.


positive regulation of response to external stimulus

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus.


endothelin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by endothelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


fumarate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + succinate = fumarate + H+ + NADH.


embryonic medial fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


negative regulation of muscle hyperplasia

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hyperplasia.


regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.


arugosin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arugosin.


nucleic acid-protein covalent cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between a nucleic acid and a protein.


vagus nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


negative regulation of mammary gland development in males by androgen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of mammary gland development in the male by an androgen binding to its receptor, causing a change in state or activity of a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-glucarate = pyruvate + tartronate semialdehyde.


malolactic fermentation

The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of L-malate to L-lactate and carbon dioxide, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


protein localization to presynaptic membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynaptic membrane.


positive regulation of response to alcohol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol.


immunological memory formation process

Any immunological memory process that can contribute to the formation of immunological memory.


Catalysis of the reaction: thiophene-2-carboxylate + ATP + CoASH = thiophene-2-carboxyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in mammary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mammary gland mesenchymal cell. Mammary gland mesenchymal cells form a loosely connected network of cells that surround the mammary ducts.


embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


detoxification of cobalt ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cobalt ion. These include transport of cobalt away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cobalt ion.


ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + L-ornithine = phosphate + L-citrulline.


p-cumate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cumate.


glycosinolate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


short tract gene conversion

A gene conversion process in which a segment of about 50-200 base pairs is transferred from the donor to the acceptor.


termination of Roundabout signal transduction

The signaling process in which signaling from the receptor ROBO is brought to an end, rather than being reversibly modulated.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + L-pipecolate = NADPH + delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate.


dihydrolipoamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrolipoamide, the reduced form of lipoamide, produced as an intermediate in the reactions in which lipoamide acts as a cofactor.


bract development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (phosphorylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD(P)+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.


nuclear protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins via a mechanism in which the proteins are transported to the nucleus for ubiquitination, and then targeted to proteasomes for degradation.


tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


trehalose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an NDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-glucopyranose <=> alpha,alpha-trehalose + H+ + a nucleoside diphosphate.


rhombomere cell migration

The movement of a cell within a rhombomere. This process is known to occur as an early step in the generation of anatomical structure from a rhombomere.


vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to periciliary membrane compartment

The process in which vesicles formed at the trans-Golgi network are directed to the plasma membrane surrounding the base of the cilium, including the ciliary pocket, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-methionine + pyruvate = 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


isonicotinate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isonicotinate + acceptor + H2O = 2-hydroxyisonicotinate + reduced acceptor.


protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage

The linkage of phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A to protein via peptidyl-serine, to form O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine; it is uncertain whether the phosphoribosyl glycosidic attachment to the dephospho-coenzyme A is alpha or beta, and through the 2' or the 3' position.


regulation of serotonin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


monosaccharide binding

Binding to a monosaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H[CHOH]nC(=O)[CHOH]mH with three or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by extracellular matrix-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of salivary gland branching as a result of the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to the epithelium of the salivary gland.


CCR4-NOT complex binding

Binding to a CCR4-NOT complex.


alpha-glucan, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + alpha-glucan + H2O = AMP + phospho-alpha-glucan + phosphate.


regulation of heart looping

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.


cellular response to borneol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a borneol stimulus.


DNA replication-dependent chromatin disassembly

The disruption of nucleosomes during DNA replication to allow the replication machinery to access the DNA.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


ethylene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


N-terminal protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation

Addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit via a nitrogen (N) atom of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein.


granulocyte chemotaxis

The movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus.


The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


DNA recombinase assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + N-acylneuraminate = diphosphate + CMP-N-acylneuraminate.


response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulus. TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-18:1-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-18:1-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


regulation of CoA-transferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.


regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway process that regulates heart induction.


negative regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


nucleate erythrocyte maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.


histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 4) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 4). This reaction is the addition of up to three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 4 of the histone H3 protein.


endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.


glycine betaine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.


oxalate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.


alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl sequence of glycoprotein to alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-D-mannose and beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl sequences.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in regulation of photoreceptor cell axon guidance.


Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 12-hydroxy-jasmonoyl-isoleucine + NADP+ + H2O.


indole-3-acetate carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> methyl (indol-3-yl)acetate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


monoterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.


positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


synapse pruning

A cellular process that results in the controlled breakdown of synapse. After it starts the process is continuous until the synapse has disappeared.


calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor activity

Combining with a calcitonin gene-related polypeptide (CGRP) to initiate a change in cell activity.


opioid growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an opioid growth factor receptor binding to its physiological ligand, opioid growth factor (OGF, met-enkephalin). The OGF-OGFr complex leads to the increase in the synthesis of the selective cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor proteins, p12 (POLD4) and p16 (CDKN2A).


deoxyribose phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.


positive regulation of reproductive process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process.


negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.


G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

A G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulating the cytosolic concentration of calcium ions in the postsynapse.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel across the plasma membrane of a cardiac muscle cell that contributes to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


Catalysis of the reaction: an 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = an (11Z)-delta-11-fatty acyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


response to hypoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.


negative regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.


response to mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling.


entry of bacterium into host cell

The process in which a bacterium enters a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


COPI coating of Golgi vesicle

The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.


intracellular nucleotide homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nucleotides within a cell.


regulation of root morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of root morphogenesis.


plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of inextensible cellulose- and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall after cell expansion is complete. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


homotypic cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules.


virion attachment to host cell flagellum

The process by which a virion attaches to a the host cell flagellum. Some DNA bacterial viruses use flagella to attach to the host cell. This contact with the flagellum facilitates concentration of phage particles around the entry receptor on the bacterial cell surface.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:3-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:3-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


epithelial to mesenchymal transition

A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


calcium activated cation channel activity

Enables the calcium concentration-regulatable energy-independent passage of cations across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


cellular response to low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.


pantothenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantothenate + H2O = (R)-pantoate + beta-alanine.


trans-feruloyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-feruloyl-CoA + H2O = 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-beta-hydroxypropionyl-CoA.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by ischemic conditions

The process that modulates blood pressure by the detection of carbon dioxide levels in the brain stem. Increased levels activate the sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanism increasing the force with which blood flows through the circulatory system.


negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.


arabinose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinose, arabino-pentose.


proximal convoluted tubule segment 1 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S1 portion of the proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S1 portion is the initial portion of the proximal convoluted tubule and is responsible for avid reabsorption of water and solutes.


allantois development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an allantois over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


embryo sac egg cell differentiation

The process in which an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


histone H2A-K15 ubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 15 (H2A-K15) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K15 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.


mannosylglycerate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + D-glycerate <=> H+ + 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate + GDP.


phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.


tRNA wobble adenosine to inosine editing

The process in which an adenosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally converted to inosine.


somitomeric trunk muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somitomeric trunk muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.


modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the transmission of a nerve impulse in another organism.


homocysteine desulfhydrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate.


protein repair

The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues.


induction of programmed cell death

A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


nitrile biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitrile, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom.


cell maturation

The cellular developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a specific cell to attain its fully functional state.


seed oilbody biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a seed oilbody. Seed oilbodies are simple organelles comprising a matrix of triglyceride surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded and covered with unique proteins called oleosins. Seed oilbodies supply the energy requirements for the growth of the seedling after germination.


lifelong otolith mineralization

The formation and growth of otoliths throughout the life of the organism. Otoliths are the large extracellular ear-stones of the fish inner ear, produced by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate on organic matrices. The otolith enlarges throughout the life of the fish, as layers of calcium carbonate are added.


ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity

Isoenergetic transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to an existing ubiquitin chain via the reaction X-ubiquitin + Y-ubiquitin = Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin + X, where both the X-ubiquitin and Y-ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


gamma-delta T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic cell acquires specialized features of a gamma-delta T cell. A gamma-delta T cell is a T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex.


peptide cross-linking via 5-imidazolinone glycine

The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, an alanine, serine or cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with an oxidation of residue n+1 to form an active aldehyde.


ribitol phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol phosphates, any phosphorylated form of ribitol, the pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.


snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.


negative regulation of cyclodextrin catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin catabolic process.


localization

Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation.


peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-hypusine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, peptidyl-N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.


monosaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.


atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in an atrial cardiac muscle cell.


uterus development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


6-aminohexanoate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-aminohexanoate + alpha-ketoglutarate = glutamate + 6-oxohexanoate.


response to gold(3+)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold(3+) stimulus.


methionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


nickel cation binding

Binding to a nickel (Ni) cation.


negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.


regulation of seed development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed development.


regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a target cell, the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


galactose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + NADP+ = D-galactonolactone + NADPH.


cellular modified amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


sodium-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) => ATP + H2O + Na+(in), by a rotational mechanism.


transcription elongation-coupled chromatin remodeling

A chromatin remodeling process that reestablishes the chromatin structure following the passage of RNA polymerase II during transcription elongation, thus preventing cryptic transcription initiation.


piRNA transcription

The cellular synthesis of Piwi-interacting RNA piRNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


butyrate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + butanoate = ADP + butanoyl phosphate + H+.


isoprene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoprene, C5H8.


ABC-type oligosaccharide transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligosaccharide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligosaccharide(in).


positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


protein localization to nucleolus

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a nucleolus.


butane monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butane + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = butanol + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid carbon-carbon bonds, in ketonic substances

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid carbon-carbon bond in a ketonic substance, a substance containing a keto (C=O) group.


tryptophan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = L-tryptophan + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.


ribokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-ribose = ADP + D-ribose 5-phosphate.


positive regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.


extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction

Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region.


citrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O.


maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

The maintenance of established bipolar anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that results in the shaping of a cell.


UDP-glucosylation

The covalent attachment of a UDP-glucose residue to a substrate molecule.


regulation of meiotic cell cycle

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.


phenylethylamine biosynthetic process involved in synaptic transmission

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine that contribute to synaptic transmission.


corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the internal capsule

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral cortex through the internal capsule in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to a deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a deoxyribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


asymmetric cell division

The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity.


convergent extension involved in notochord morphogenesis

Any convergent extension that is involved in notochord morphogenesis.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process from tyrosine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxybenzoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate = glycolaldehyde + pyruvate.


ascorbate homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ascorbate at the level of a cell.


cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized.


regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the chemokine CXCL12 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cell morphogenesis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The shape change of an epithelial cell from a columnar to squamous cell morphology that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule.


L-malate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NAD+ = oxaloacetate + NADH + H+.


propionate catabolic process, 2-methylcitrate cycle

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate that occurs in the 2-methylcitrate cycle.


negative regulation of tube lumen cavitation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tube lumen cavitation.


regulation of meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a meristem.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of brood size

Any process that decreases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


endothelial tube lumen extension

Any endothelial tube morphogenesis process by which the tube is increased in length.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, another compound as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from each of two donors, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lactaldehyde + NADP+ = methylglyoxal + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-8-methylchromene-2-carboxylate = 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate.


cellulose microfibril organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose microfibril, any of the cellulose structures laid down in orthogonal layers in a plant cell wall.


benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + NADH + H+ + O2 = catechol + CO2 + NAD+.


trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


electron transporter, transferring electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons within the cyclic electron transport pathway of photosynthesis.


antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = protocatechuate + NADP+ + H2O.


formate-dihydrofolate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrofolate + ATP + formate = 10-formyldihydrofolate + ADP + H+ + phosphate.


regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.