norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-benzylsuccinate + succinyl-CoA = (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + succinate.


cell-matrix adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


emericellamide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellamide.


carotenoid isomerooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Zeaxanthin + O2 <=> (3R)-11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal.


cellular response to adenine starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of adenine.


peptide cross-linking via lanthionine or 3-methyl-lanthionine

The synthesis of (2R,6R)-lanthionine, sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine or (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine, forming an intra-polypeptide cross-link between peptidyl-cysteine, and peptidyl-serine or peptidyl-threonine; dehydration of the serine or threonine residue to the alpha,beta-unsaturated amino acid is the first step; a bond then forms between the ethylene (ethene) group thus formed and the sulfur atom of a cysteine, with the inversion of the configuration of the alpha carbon of the serine or threonine occurring during the process.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-oxygen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


pyrene 4,5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-4,5-oxide + H2O.


cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized.


pivalate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pivalate + H+ + HSCoA + ATP = pivalyl-CoA + PPi + AMP.


histone H3-K4 trimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.


methylbutanoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2-methylbutanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA.


homeostasis of number of retina cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the retina.


ABC-type phytochelatin transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.


miRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional miRNA. Includes the cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.


chloride channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a chloride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


peptidyl-glycine modification

The modification of peptidyl-glycine.


mesendoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesendoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesendoderm development gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm tissues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate.


Sertoli cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of Sertoli cells, resulting in the expansion of the Sertoli cell population. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.


regulation of signaling receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.


cardiac chamber morphogenesis

The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


5-aminolevulinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H+ + succinyl-CoA = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA.


low-density lipoprotein receptor particle metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving low-density lipoprotein receptors.


regulation of triglyceride transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 2-polyprenylphenol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 2-polyprenylphenol and 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol.


regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


protein-DNA complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


protein glucuronidation

The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronidation.


L-phenylalanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


fluoride channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of fluoride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


regulation of heart contraction involved in acute-phase response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.


plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell occurring in response to tissue damage and initiated within blood plasma by the action of activated Factor XII (Hageman Factor) on prekallikrein to convert it to plasma kallikrein, and the subsequent reaction of plasma kallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen. The ultimate product of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade is bradykinin, an agent known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.


multicellular organismal response to stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


medial-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi trans cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a medial-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi trans cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport.


negative regulation of triglyceride transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.


regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance

The process in which a chemical substance modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


R8 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation.


CYP79F1 trihomomethionine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trihomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ <=> 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP + 6-methylthiohexanaldoxime.


vascular wound healing

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


hexose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) = hexose(in).


fosfomycin 2-L-cysteine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen (2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid + L-cysteine = hydrogen (1R,2R)-1-L-cysteine-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid.


aryl-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic primary alcohol + O2 = an aromatic aldehyde + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglycerate + GDP + H+.


eugenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to haloperidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.


negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


pyrimidine nucleoside interconversion

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine nucleoside is synthesized from another pyrimidine nucleoside.


uterine smooth muscle relaxation

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the uterus.


negative regulation of response to butan-1-ol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.


negative regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.


G protein-coupled ADP receptor activity

Combining with ADP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


phycocyanobilin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions or pathway resulting in the formation of phycocyanobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase (HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha. Biliverdin IX alpha is subsequently converted to phycocyanobilin by a ferredoxin-dependent oxidoreductase (PCYA).


tripartite regional subdivision

Subdivision of the embryo along the anterior/posterior axis into anterior, posterior and terminal regions.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhydantoin + ATP + 2 H2O = N-carbamoylsarcosine + ADP + 3 H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin -> L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O.


negative regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


organosilicon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organosilicon, organic compounds that contain silicon, a nonmetal element analogous to carbon.


2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2,3-didehydroacyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans,trans-2,3,4,5-tetradehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


microglia differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell. Microglia are glial cells that act as the immune cells of the central nervous system. They form part of the supporting structure of this system.


regulation of myofibroblast contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.


cardiac atrium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + O2 = phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + 2 H+.


histone H2B kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H2B.


HLA-A specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


establishment of body hair or bristle planar orientation

Orientation of hairs or sensory bristles that cover the body surface of an adult, such that they all point in a uniform direction along the plane of the epithelium from which they project.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell.


cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.


negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.


hexosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of hexosamine or N-acetylhexosamine residues (e.g. N-acetylglucosamine) residues from gangliosides or other glycoside oligosaccharides.


GDP binding

Binding to GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.


anterior/posterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + H+ + NADH.


farnesol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


epidermis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.


negative regulation of leucine import

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.


chondro-6-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate + H2O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H+ + sulfate.


dichotomous subdivision of an epithelial terminal unit

The process in which an epithelial cord, rod or tube bifurcates at its end.


mesonephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesonephric mesenchymal cell population.


dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + dopamine + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + dehydroascorbate + H2O.


spinothalamic tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the spinothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive signaling.


myotube differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. This process occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


glutarate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction glutarate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate + CO2.


peptidyl-thyronine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of peptidyl-thyronine from peptidyl-tyrosine in thyroglobulin by phenyl transfer coupled with the formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methyluridine.


positive regulation of cardiocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.


lymphatic endothelial cell migration

The orderly movement of a lymphatic endothelial cell from one site to another in the wall of a lymphatic vessel.


iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a Rieske 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: isopiperitenone = piperitenone.


regulation of adult somatic muscle development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.


negative regulation of glial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.


central T cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of T cells in the thymus.


ABC-type betaine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + a betaine(in).


specification of petal identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


negative regulation of lipase activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


DOPA dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the 4,5-ring opening reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + O2 = 4,5-seco-DOPA. 4,5-seco-DOPA spontaneously recyclizes to form betalamic acid.


alpha-1,4-glucan-protein synthase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-D-glucose + protein = alpha-D-glucosyl-protein + ADP.


nucleobase-containing compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other.


initiation of neural tube closure

The process in which closure points are established at multiple points and along the neural rostrocaudal axis.


viral exocytosis

The exit of a fully formed virion particles from the host cell by exocytosis via a host vesicle.


1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene monooxygenase (quinone-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: naphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol + O2 <=> flaviolin-2-olate + H2O + H+.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


positive regulation of vasculogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


serine binding

Binding to 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


regulation of pentasaccharide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.


epidermal cell division

Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells.


peptidyl-sarcosine incorporation

The incorporation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) into non-coded peptides.


formylmethionine deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine + formate.


mannosylglycerate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a mannosylglycerate from one side of a membrane to the other.


cerebellar cortex maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar cortex to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


histamine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + histamine = N(tau)-methylhistamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.


iron-responsive element binding

Binding to an iron-responsive element, a regulatory sequence found in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding many iron-binding proteins.


D-galactonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


prunasin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-prunasin + H2O = D-glucose + mandelonitrile.


D-xylose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


valine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


GUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUA codon.


extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


methotrexate binding

Binding to methotrexate, an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of tetrahydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.


endosulfan sulfate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan sulfate + H2O = endosulfan diol + sulfite.


hemoglobin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization.


envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.


petal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the petal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception

The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears.


alkene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-epoxypropane + NAD+ + H2O.


L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + H2O = ammonia + pyruvate + hydrogen sulfide + H+.


positive regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


bronchiole development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchiole from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchiole and ends with the mature structure. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.


RNA exon ligation

The RNA metabolic process that joins two exons, each of which has free ends that were generated by endonucleolytic cleavages, by a ligation reaction.


kinetochore disassembly

The disaggregation of a kinetochore into its constituent components.


nitric oxide dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 NO + 2 O2 + NADPH + H+ = 2 nitrate + NADP+.


protein denaturation

Structural change in proteins which destroys the native, active configuration without rupture of peptide bonds.


heme B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


but-1-en-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: buten-2-one + NADPH + H+ <=> butan-2-one + NADP.


U6 2'-O-snRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an U6 snRNA molecule.


olefinic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + homoeriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


pronephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a pronephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the pronephros.


clypeo-labral disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a clypeo-labal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite and clypeus.


cell-cell self recognition

A cell-cell recognition process by which a cell distinguishes between self and non self during cooperative behavior, such as early development.


negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + oxaloacetate = prephenate + L-aspartate.


immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

The process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


L-pipecolic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-pipecolic acid, a metabolite of lysine.


negative regulation of blood pressure

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.


chemoattraction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons toward the signal, where this process is involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


pyrimidine nucleoside binding

Binding to a pyrimidine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


medulla oblongata structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


galactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.


gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl(in).


cell-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.


pronephric sinus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric sinus is an ill-defined capillary network that lies between the pronephric tubules.


negative regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


adamantanone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.


maltoheptaose binding

Binding to maltoheptaose.


cellular response to palmitoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.


mature B cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow.


regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).


positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by biomineralization

The process of hardening a chitin-based cuticle by mineral incorporation. For example, the cuticle of crustaceans is hardened by the incorporation of calcium carbonate.


guanine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.


mycotoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydromethanopterin + L-serine = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + glycine + H2O.


guard cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.


regulation of muscle atrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.


cell differentiation involved in mesonephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


chondroblast differentiation

The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes.


seminiferous tubule development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa.


lactoperoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a phenolic donor + H2O2 = 2 a phenolic radical donor + 2 H2O.


6C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 6C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of complement activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth

Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).


guaiacyl lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guaiacyl lignin.


phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.


sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio

The developmental process in which an organism interprets its X to autosomal chromosomal complement.


envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism.


leukemia inhibitory factor receptor activity

Combining with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity involved in regulation of action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching, and contributing to the regulation of action potential.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


negative regulation of penile erection

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome-c-553) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferricytochrome C-553 + formate = ferrocytochrome C-553 + CO2.


metanephric late distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.


formation of anatomical boundary

The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


motor neuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


protein-ribulosamine 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-ribulosyl-L-lysine <=> ADP + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-ribulosyl)-L-lysine.


protein formylation

The addition of a formyl group to a protein amino acid.


serotonin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


regulation of synaptic activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell.


protein localization to cytoplasmic stress granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic stress granule.


proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


pyramidal neuron differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast or one of its progeny commits to a pyramidal neuron fate, migrates from the ventricular zone to the appropriate layer in the cortex and develops into a mature neuron.


chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects.


clathrin-uncoating ATPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the removal of clathrin from vesicle membranes, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.


interleukin-19 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-19 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


P-body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of initiation of conjugation with cellular fusion.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


ripoptosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ripoptosome, a protein complex whose formation can induce an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway or a necroptotic signaling pathway. The composition of this protein complex may depend on several factors including nature of the signal, cell type and more.


blasticidin S catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of blasticidin S.


lumen formation, open tracheal system

Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow.


tRNA (cytidine 32-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine32 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylcytidine32 in tRNA.


intracellular nitric oxide homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nitric oxide within a cell.


T cell mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell.


guanyl ribonucleotide binding

Binding to a guanyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


cis-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-chloroacrylic acid + H2O = H+ + HCl + malonate semialdehyde.


acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.


acylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acylglycerol = ADP + acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


thioester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.


ABC-type maltose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + maltose(out) = ADP + phosphate + maltose(in).


kolavenyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-kolavenyl diphosphate.


regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.


positive regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.


positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signalling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


cycloheximide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cycloheximide from one side of a membrane to the other. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


virus maturation

The refolding and structural rearrangements of virion parts to transition from the intermediate virion to the more mature virion. Maturation usually involves proteolysis events and changes in the folding of the virion proteins. Can occur inside the host cell or after release.


regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase I activity.


guanidinoacetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanidinoacetate + H2O = glycine + urea.


regulation of inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.


blood vessel diameter maintenance

Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels.


medial ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of medial ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


cerebral blood circulation

The flow of blood through the network of arteries and veins supplying the cerebrum, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.


coumarin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


eosinophil fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an eosinophil cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->6) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.


para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.


cellular response to X-ray

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).


envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network membrane.


enterobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


response to iron ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of iron ion.


formate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of formate from one side of a membrane to the other. Formate is also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2.


striated muscle paramyosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the paramyosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


norsolorinic acid ketoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + NADP+ <=> norsolorinic acid + NADPH.


protein localization to pericentriolar material

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a pericentriolar material.


The myristoylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-myristoyl-glycine.


formate efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of formate from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


organic hydroxy compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound.


female germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the female gonad.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-aspartate.


nylon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.


response to alkane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkane stimulus.


cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones.


negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


isoleucine N-monooxygenase (oxime forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ <=> (E)-2-methylbutanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.


structural constituent of cell wall

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cell wall.


determination of imaginal disc primordium

Allocation of embryonic cells to the imaginal disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of an imaginal disc compartment.


anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(14,15-epoxy-5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


gravitropism

The orientation of plant parts under the stimulation of gravity.


regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


early viral transcription

The first phase of viral transcription that occurs after entry of the virus into the host cell, but prior to viral genome replication. It involves the transcription of genes for non-structural proteins, and for lytic viruses, the early gene products are involved in establishing control over the host cell.


wide pore channel activity

Enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a large pore, un-gated channel. Examples include gap junctions, which transport substances from one cell to another; and porins which transport substances in and out of bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts.


response to lipoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.


regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


aurone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aurones, a series of yellow plant pigments.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, NAD(P) as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


mitochondrial mRNA polyadenylation

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-60 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mitochondrial mRNA primary transcript. Mitochondria contain both stabilizing and destabilizing poly(A) tails.


heterocyst development

The cellular developmental process by which a cell becomes a heterocyst, a cell that carries out nitrogen fixation. This process involves changes to the cell wall, expression of nitrogenase and other proteins involved in nitrogen fixation, and degradation of photosystem II, which produces oxygen. This process is known to occur in some cyanobacteria.


spermidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


nucleus disassembly

The disaggregation of a nucleus into its constituent components.


spermathecum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk.


Schwann cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a Schwann cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


response to butyrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a butyrate stimulus.


histone H2AX kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone variant H2AX.


Catalysis of the reaction: sinapoyl aldehyde + NADP + H2O <=> 2 H+ + trans-sinapate + NADPH.


erythronolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6 malonyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA = 7 CoA + 6-deoxyerythronolide B.


regulation of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber differentiation.


epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an epithelial cell.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ribitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. Ribitol is initially converted to D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to form ribulose 5-phosphate, which is then converted into xylulose 5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 3-methylsalicylaldehyde.


modulation of biological quality in another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality in another organism. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.


CAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CAU codon.


positive regulation of sulfur utilization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.


regulation of viral translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral translation.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate + H+ = 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 4 isopentenyl diphosphate = 4 diphosphate + all-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate.


ascorbate glutathione cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving L-ascorbate and glutathione that scavenges hydrogen peroxide and reduces it to water, with concomitant oxidation of NADPH.


metanephric DCT cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


rhabdomere morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a rhabdomere are generated and organized. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.


tyrosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


histone H4 kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H4.


isobutylamine N-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isobutylamine + NADPH + O2 = isobutylhydroxylamine + NADP+ + H2O.


vitamin E metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.


THPH synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + hexanoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylhexan-1-one + 3 CO2 + 4 CoA.


signal transduction in absence of ligand

The series of molecular signals initiated by the absence of a ligand or the withdrawal of a ligand from a receptor.


adhesion to host cell via type IV pili

Attachment of bacterial clusters to the surface of the host in a type IV pili dependent manner. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


agmatinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + H2O = putrescine + urea.


cellular response to norepinephrine stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a norepinephrine stimulus. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C8H11NO3; it acts as a hormone, and as a neurotransmitter in most of the sympathetic nervous system.


thioredoxin peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [thioredoxin]-dithiol + hydrogen peroxide = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O.


amitosis

Nuclear division that occurs by simple constriction of the nucleus without chromosome condensation or spindle formation.


oviduct epithelium development

The progression of the oviduct epithelium over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. The oviduct epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the oviduct.


benzaldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzaldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = benzoate + NAD(P)H + H+.


maintenance of diapause

The dormancy process that results an organism remaining in diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.


negative regulation of cellulose catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.


transmembrane monodehydroascorbate reductase activity

Oxidation of monodehydroascorbate outside of a membrane coupled to the reduction of L-ascorbate to monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical on the inner side of a membrane. Electrons get transferred across the membrane during the reaction.


synaptonemal complex disassembly

The controlled breakdown of a synaptonemal complex.


nipple development

The progression of the nipple over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nipple is a part of the mammary gland that protrudes from the surface ectoderm.


regulation of floral meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a floral meristem.


ortho-trichlorophenol reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trichlorophenol + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2,4-dichlorophenol + HCl.


UDP-glucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucose is a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in double fertilization forming two zygotes

The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of double fertilization forming two zygotes.


collagen fibril organization

Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix.


type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by type III interferon binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


6-sulfoquinovose(1-) catabolic process to glycerone phosphate and 3-sulfolactaldehyde

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfolactaldehyde (SLA).


conversion of O-phosphoseryl-tRNA to cysteinyl-tRNA

The modification process that results in the conversion of O-phosphoserine charged on a tRNA(Cys) to cysteinyl-tRNA.


methylaspartate ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: threo-3-methyl-L-aspartate = mesaconate + NH4.


perithecium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a perithecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Peritheicum is a flask-shaped fruiting body of certain molds and ascomycetous fungi having a pore for the escape of spores. In the ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora, these perithecia are formed in the sexual phase and they discharge ascospores through the ostiolum at the tip of the perithecial neck.


vernalization response

The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures.


Catalysis of the reaction: a (3E,5Z)-dienoyl-CoA = a (2E,4E)-(5,6-saturated)-dienoyl-CoA.


peptidoglycan asparagine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(beta-D-asparatyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + ammonium + ATP = H+ + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyldiphospho-N-acetyl-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)muramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-isoglutaminyl-N-(beta-D-asparaginyl)-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


galactolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.


pristanate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pristanate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + pristanoyl-CoA.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + OH- = 2,4-dihydroxy-6-amino-1,3,5-triazine + Cl-.


positive regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


benzylpenicillin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzylpenicillin.


erythrulose reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-threitol + NADP+ = D-erythrulose + H+ + NADPH.


malate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a quinone = oxaloacetate + a quinol.


S-methylmethionine cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-methyl-L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, L-homocysteine, and L-methionine. Converts the methionine group of adenosylmethionine back to free methionine, and may serve regulate the cellular adenosylmethionine level.


sepal vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the sepal of vascular plants.


alkyne catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphomannan(n) + GDP-mannose = phosphomannan(n+1) + GMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-xylose + a homogalacturonan <=> UDP + 4 H+ + a xylogalacturonan.


positive regulation of sclerotium development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.


metanephric tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric tubule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4,6-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


uronate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galacturonate + H2O + NAD+ = galactarate + 2 H+ + NADH.


protein localization to medial cortical node

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a medial cortical node.


regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process.


nurse cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a nurse cell. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptotic process.


anther wall tapetum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther wall tapetum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in keratan sulfate.


positive regulation of thymocyte aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.


UDP-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to an acceptor molecule.


heart valve cell differentiation

The process in which an endocardial cushion cell give rise to a cell that is part of a heart valve.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte differentiation

The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the growth of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


D-serine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-serine = pyruvate + NH3.


stomach smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs throughout the length of the stomach.


L-pipecolate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolate + acceptor = delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + reduced acceptor. Delta1-piperideine-6-carboxylate is also known as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate.


cellular response to astaxanthin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an astaxanthin stimulus.


regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


positive regulation of CD40 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.


acinar cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of acinar cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. An acinar cell is a secretory cell that is grouped together with other cells of the same type to form grape-shaped clusters known as acini (singular acinus).


neurotransmitter catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.


collectin receptor activity

Combining with a collectin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


beta,beta digalactosyldiacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + a beta,beta digalactosyldiacylglycerol <=> a trigalactosyldiacylglycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.


homogalacturonan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectidic homogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of (1->4)-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a guanylyl group to an acceptor.


regulation of cellular response to amino acid starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to amino acid starvation.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


sinus venosus morphogenesis

The process in which the sinus venosus is generated and organized. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of inorganic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.


regulation of muscle hyperplasia

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.


HLA-A specific activating MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.


positive regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.


oidium formation

The process in which oidia, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Oidia are borne a few at a time on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus.


pyruvate, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + pyruvate = AMP + 3 H+ + phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate.


fructuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NAD+ = D-fructuronate + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of iodide transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.


phospholipase D-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of phosphatidic acid (PA).


soyasapogenol B glucuronide galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactose + soyasapogenol B 3-O-beta-glucuronate <=> H+ + UDP + soyasaponin III.


isoleucine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-sesaminol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor activity

A general transcription initiation factor activity that contributes to transcription start site selection and transcription initiation of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The general transcription factors for RNA polymerase II include TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH and TATA-binding protein (TBP). In most species, RNA polymerase II transcribes all messenger RNAs (mRNAs), most untranslated regulatory RNAs, the majority of the snoRNAs, four of the five snRNAs (U1, U2, U4, and U5), and other small noncoding RNAs. For some small RNAs there is variability between species as to whether it is transcribed by RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III. However there are also rare exceptions, such as Trypanosoma brucei, where RNA polymerase I transcribes certain mRNAs in addition to its normal role in rRNA transcription.


negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.


5-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 5-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.


negative regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.


tRNA-guanosine(34) queuine transglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine34 in tRNA + queuine = guanine + queuosine34 in tRNA.


lymphocyte chemotaxis across high endothelial venule

The movement of a lymphocyte to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(out) + Cl-(out) = K+(in) + Cl-(in).


positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


N-terminal protein myristoylation

The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.


Golgi transport vesicle coating

The addition of specific coat proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles.


trigeminal nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


plant endodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a plant endodermal cell.


rRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


telomere formation via telomerase

A cellular process that results in the formation of a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end that involves the activity of a telomerase enzyme.


quinone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinone.


bacteriocin immunity

A process that mediates resistance to a bacteriocin: any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.


6-deoxotyphasterol C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-deoxotyphasterol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 6-deoxocastasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenylthioacetohydroximate + UDP-D-glucose = desulfoglucotropeolin + UDP.


dihydropyrimidinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O = 3-ureidopropionate.


positive regulation of cell budding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.


cell migration in diencephalon

The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the diencephalon.


rhombomere cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a rhombomere cell.


termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled

An RNA polymerase II transcription termination process in which cleavage and polyadenylylation of the mRNA 3' end are coupled to transcription termination.


1,1-dichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = chloroethane + HCl.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-tryptophan + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-D-tryptophan + CoA + H+.


1-18:1-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol trans-3 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:1-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


pollen sperm cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte.


2-oxobutyrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + L-tyrosine methyl ester = L-tyrosine methyl ester 4-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


chimeric non-reproductive fruiting body development

Development of a non-reproductive fruiting body formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.


negative regulation of connective tissue replacement

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.


response to cordycepin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cordycepin stimulus.


metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. These cells may also give rise to podocytes.


positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.


gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes

The somatic process in which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion.


maintenance of synapse structure

A process that preserves the structural organistation and orientation of a synaptic cellular component such as the synaptic cytoskeleton and molecular scaffolds.


response to lipid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.


mesodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway.


response to mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


negative regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an auditory hair cell.


histone H2AXS139 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX-serine (position 139) + ATP = histone H2AX-phosphoserine (position 139) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 139 of histone variant H2AX.


ionotropic glutamate receptor activity

Catalysis of the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


galactose binding

Binding to aldohexose galactose (galacto-hexose), a common constituent of many oligo- and polysaccharides.


plasminogen activation in another organism

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the processing of inactive plasminogen to active plasmin in another organism.


trehalose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of trehalose from one side of a membrane to the other. Trehalose is the disaccharide alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside that acts of a reserve carbohydrate in certain fungi, algae and lichens.


arachidonic acid 5,6-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + H2O = 2-oxobutanate + NH4.


peripheral B cell positive selection

Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the periphery. Positive selection is the process in which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.


lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear.


granaticin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving granaticin.


response to prostaglandin F

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.


protein S-linked glycosylation

A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via a sulfur atom of a peptidyl-amino-acid such as cysteine or methionine.


gibberellin A12,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity (gibberellin A110-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A12 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A110 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


guanosine phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + phosphate = guanine + D-ribose 1-phosphate.


negative regulation of RNA export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


response to odorant

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an odorant stimulus. An odorant is any substance capable of stimulating the sense of smell.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,2'-diol + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> biphenyl-2,2',3-triol + H2O + NAD.


maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by gradients of maternally-transcribed gene products; exemplified in insects by the morphogens, bicoid and nanos.


melanocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a melanocyte, the main structural component of the epidermis.


3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxosteroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D1-steroid + reduced acceptor.


puromycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving puromycin, 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.


germacrene-D synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (-)-germacrene D + diphosphate.


ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide encoded by an aberrant message and associated with a stalled ribosome. Degradation is initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the ribosome-associated protein.


specification of metanephric nephron tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the metanephric nephron acquire their identity.


chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + 2 H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP+ + H2O.


mitotic telomere clustering and tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which the telomeres are gathered together to a small number of foci per chromosome (usually one per chromosome or fewer), and moved to and tethered at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


blastocyst hatching

The hatching of the cellular blastocyst from the zona pellucida.


regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.


lung alveolus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.


calcitonin family receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular member of the calcitonin family (e.g. adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin), amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs)) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


transcriptional start site selection at RNA polymerase III promoter

Any process involved in the selection of the specific location within the template strand of an RNA polymerase III promoter for hybridization of the cognate ribonucleotides and formation of first phosphodiester bond within the nascent transcript.


epidermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


forebrain radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the forebrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


positive regulation of autophagosome size

Any process that increases autophagosome size.


GTPase motor activity

A motor activity driven by GTP hydrolysis.


telomerase RNA binding

Binding to the telomerase RNA template.


cuticle chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.


modulation of potassium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a potassium channel in another organism.


central nervous system morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


cardiac muscle thin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.


response to L-ascorbic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.


trabecula morphogenesis

The process of shaping a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.


induction by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis.


protein-DNA complex organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein-DNA complex.


beta-apiosyl-beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]isoflavonoid + H2O = a 7-hydroxyisoflavonoid + beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-D-glucose.


xanthine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


detection of increased carbon dioxide by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


positive regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.


kidney vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the kidney vasculature is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.


protein dealkylation

The removal of an alkyl group from a protein amino acid. Alkyl groups are derived from alkanes by removal of one hydrogen atom.


alpha-pinene-oxide decyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene oxide = (Z)-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal.


detection of abscisic acid stimulus

The series of events in which an abscisic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


cellular response to sorbitol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sorbitol stimulus.


chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,6-dichlorocatechol + O2 = 2 H+ + 2,5-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate.


sterol transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Sterol are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


XMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,2',3-triol + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydroxybiphenyl + NAD + H2O.