hemocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


guanidinobutyrase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-guanidinobutanoate + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + urea.


regulation of intracellular transport

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.


mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A mesenchymal stem cell, or MSC, is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


zeinoxanthin epsilon hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: zeinoxanthin + NADPH + O2 + H+ = lutein + NADP+ + H2O. Adds a hydroxyl group to the epsilon ring of the alpha-carotene.


regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


trimethyluric acid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid + O2 + NADH + 3 H+ <=> 1,3,7-trimethyl-5-hydroxyisourate + NAD + H2O.


kidney mesenchyme morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a kidney mesenchymal tissue are generated and organized. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.


hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.


tetrahydrocorphin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrocorphins, tetrapyrroles that combine the structural elements of both porphyrins and corrins.


negative regulation of ornithine catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ornithine catabolic process.


ossification

The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


histone H2B acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


pedicel mucilage biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the flower stem.


caudal fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. A caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish, and is the main fin used for propulsion.


peptide cross-linking via an oxazole or thiazole

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl glycine, or peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of the serine hydroxyl or cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


negative regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.


pyochelin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + uracil 5-carboxylate = CO2 + uracil.


cellular response to starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.


linoleic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.


L-lysine 4-chlorinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + chloride + H+ + L-lysine + O2 = 4-chloro-L-lysine + CO2 + H2O + succinate.


histone H3T6 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-threonine (position 6) + ATP = histone H3-phosphothreonine (position 6) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the threonine residue at position 6 of histone H3.


tyrosine phenol-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + H2O = NH4 + phenol + pyruvate.


propane-1,3-diamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diamine + H2O + O2 = 3-aminopropanal + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


alpha-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->4) linkage.


insulin receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.


thiosulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of thiosulfate ions, S2O3(2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


9,12-cis-hexadecadienoic acid delta 15 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,12Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoA + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 9,12,15-cis-hexadecatrienoyl-CoA + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-substituted L-cysteine + acetyl-CoA = S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine + CoA + H+.


GDP-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose + GDP + H+.


cellular response to 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate stimulus.


epithelial cell migration involved in distal tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to distal tubule morphogenesis.


chlorobenzene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-unsubstituted benzenoid + O2 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 2,3-cis-dihydroxydihydrobenzenoid + NAD(P)+. Substrates include 1,4-dichlorobenzene (forms 3,6-dichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene), 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (forms cis-chlorobenzene dihydrodiol) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (forms 3,4,6-trichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene).


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-5-diphosphomevalonate + ATP = ADP + CO2 + H+ + isopentenyl diphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-guanidinobutanal + H2O + NAD+ = 4-guanidinobutanoate + 2 H+ + NADH.


endonucleolytic cleaveage between 4.5S rRNA and 5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5S rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate = 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (also known as Lindane), the most common form of hexachlorohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.


hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.


protein deacetylation

The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + chondroitin = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfate.


hepatic immune response

An immune response taking place in the liver.


forebrain neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


tagatose-6-phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-tagatose 6-phosphate = ADP + D-tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate.


vitamin D4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D4, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.


versicolorin B desaturase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: versicolorin B + NADPH + O2 <=> versicolorin A + NADP+ + 2 H2O. Uses heme-thiolate as a co-factor. Involved in the synthesis of aflatoxins in the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-glycan = galactose-beta-1,3-N-glycan + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: [oligomeric (1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) + phosphate = [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


decanoyl-[acp] 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FAD + H+ + a decanoyl-HmqF protein = FADH2(2-) + a 2,3-dehydro-decanoyl-HmqF.


teichuronic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichuronic acid, a polymer containing chains of uronic acids and N-acetylglucosamine found in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: icosanoyl-CoA + dodecan-1-ol = arachidoyl dodecanoate + coenzyme A.


regulation of angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.


sensory perception of sound

The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.


brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 2-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.


G-protein gated monoatomic ion channel activity

An ion channel activity that is gated by binding of a G-protein beta-gamma dimer.


regulation of ferrochelatase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrochelatase activity; catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrin + Fe2+ = protoheme + 2 H+.


apolipoprotein receptor activity

Combining with an apolipoprotein to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation by symbiont of abscisic acid levels in host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the abscisic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


lactate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-16:0-2-18:2-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-16:0-2-18:3-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


viral tail assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus tail.


negative regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.


alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminides.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


neuron projection arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized into branches. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.


3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoic acid + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


selenocysteine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.


threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine = glycine + acetaldehyde.


cellular response to hydrogen peroxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.


response to cell size control checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell size control checkpoint signaling.


regulation of lactation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.


regulation of corticosterone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.


transcription elongation by mitochondrial RNA polymerase

The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation and promoter clearance at mitochondrial promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a mitchondrial RNA polymerase.


occlusion by symbiont of host xylem

The process in which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the host xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


chloromuconate cycloisomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate = 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate.


regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of ecdysteroid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine released from the nerve endings.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 4-hydroxybutanoate.


temperature compensation of the circadian clock

The process in which the circadian clock maintains robust and accurate timing over a broad range of physiological temperatures. The circadian clock is an endogenous 24-h timer found in most eukaryotes and in photosynthetic bacteria. The clock drives rhythms in the physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism of the organisms.


diamine N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine = CoA + an N-acetyldiamine.


negative regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.


histone H2B-K5 acetylation

The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


sulfur amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.


positive regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + Na+(out) = malate(in) + Na+(in).


adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


epiblast cell-extraembryonic ectoderm cell signaling involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an epiblast cell to an extraembryonic ectoderm cell that contributes to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-arabinose 1-phosphate + UTP = UDP-L-arabinose + diphosphate.


ERBB2-ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB4 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + 3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + H2O <=> 4-coumaroylhexanoylmethane + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of male pigmentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


protein localization to astral microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an astral microtubule.


renal absorption

A renal system process in which water, ions, glucose and proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).


siRNA transcription

The transcription of a small interfering RNA from an RNA template.


regulation of retina development in camera-type eye

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retina development in camera-type eye.


peptidyl-lysine glutarylation

The glutarylation of a lysine residue in a protein.


adaxial/abaxial pattern specification

The regionalization process in which differences in cell differentiation along the adaxial/abaxial are generated. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


all-trans retinoic acid 18-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinoate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoate + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


negative regulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination

The process that results in the release of migrating cells from their interaction with radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.


dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.


ureide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ureide, the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants, from IMP, which is synthesized de novo during nitrogen fixation by roots.


monocyte aggregation

The adhesion of one monocyte to one or more other monocytes via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


cell proliferation in midbrain

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate.


ABC-type carbohydrate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of carbohydrates across a membrane.


negative regulation of chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope.


salty taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble salty compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of salty taste.


allantoin racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-(+)-allantoin = (R)-(-)-allantoin.


G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + G protein-coupled receptor = ADP + G protein-coupled receptor phosphate.


acetyl-CoA binding

Binding to acetyl-CoA, an acyl-CoA having acetyl as its S-acetyl component.


negative regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


peptidyl-threonine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-threonine.


peptide butyryltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyryl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-butyryl-lysine-peptide.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(1->4)-D-glucosidic linkage in 4-alpha-D-{(1->4)-alpha-D-glucanosyl}n trehalose to yield trehalose and alpha-(1->4)-D-glucan.


cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


reproductive structure development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of somatic structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures.


methylselenol demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylselenol + H2O => H2Se + CH3OH.


pectoral fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pectoral fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


determination of affect

Any process in which an emotional response is associated with a particular sensory stimulation.


ameboidal-type cell migration

Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


corpora quadrigemina development

The progression of the corpora quadrigemina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpora quadrigemina is a part of the midbrain that is made up of the superior and inferior colliculi.


endothelial cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of an endothelial cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


UDP-glucose: N-methylanthranilate glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylanthranilate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = N-methylanthraniloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + UDP.


homeostasis of number of meristem cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the meristem.


negative regulation of glucose mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucose mediated signaling pathway.


thiamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiamine + 2 O2 = thiamine acetic acid + 2 H2O2.


positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.


regulation of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate.


bile acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bile acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


bioactive lipid receptor activity

Combining with a bioactive lipid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. A bioactive lipid is a lipid for which changes in lipid levels result in functional consequences in a variety of cellular processes.


regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.


regulation of iodide transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transmembrane transport.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.


His-Purkinje system cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the His-Purkinje system. These cells form the fibers regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + xanthotoxol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + xanthotoxin. Xanthotoxol is also known as 8-hydroxyfuranocoumarin and xanthotoxin as 8-methoxyfuranocoumarin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> valerena-4,7(11)-diene + diphosphoric acid.


style development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the style over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The style is an elongated part of a carpel, or group of fused carpels, and it lies between the ovary and the stigma.


alpha-D-glucan binding

Binding to alpha-D-glucan.


cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation

The process in which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron.


branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, or 2-methylpropanol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.


regulation of fertilization

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).


Catalysis of the reaction: apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> apigenin-7-O-gentiobioside + UDP + H+.


serine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a substrate by a catalytic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile that is activated by a proton relay involving an acidic residue (e.g. aspartate or glutamate) and a basic residue (usually histidine).


lacrimal gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye.


positive regulation of sulfite transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.


type I hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells or basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.


positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


glyoxalase III activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methylglyoxal + H2O = D-lactate.


maintenance of protein complex location in cytoplasm

Any process in which a protein complex is maintained in a specific location within the cytoplasm and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


tocopherol cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alkene group + alcohol group on same molecule = cyclic ether. Substrates are 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4- hydroquinone (forms delta-tocopherol) and 2,3-dimethyl-5-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone (forms gamma-tocopherol).


L-arabinose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinose = L-ribulose.


positive regulation of Fas signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.


mycofactocin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the coenzyme mycofactocin, a variably glycosylated small molecule electron pair carrier derived from the C-terminal valine-tyrosine dipeptide of the ribosomally translated precursor peptide MftA.


citrazinate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citrazinate + H2O = 2,3,6-trihydroxyisonicotinate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


Catalysis of the reaction: indoxyl + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + indican + UDP.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


peptide cross-linking via L-lysine thiazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl lysine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP = pppA(2'p5'A)n oligomers. This reaction requires the binding of double-stranded RNA.


parthenolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: costunolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> parthenolide + NADP(3-) + H2O.


corticotropin receptor activity

Combining with corticotropin to initiate a change in cell activity.


advanced glycation end-product binding

Binding to advanced glycation end-product.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine <=> N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-alpha-(1->3)-N,N'-diacetyl-alpha-D-bacillosaminyl-diphospho-tri-trans,hepta-cis-undecaprenol + UDP + H+.


glial cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a glial cell, a non-neuronal cell of the nervous system.


fat-soluble vitamin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.


single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.


lysosome localization

Any process in which a lysosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = formylmethylsilanediol + 2 H2O.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position.


rhombomere 5 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


prephenate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + prephenate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADH.


DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpG substrates

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + CpG (in DNA) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-MeCpG (in DNA).


central nervous system neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system.


hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


taurine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + taurine = AH(2) + NH4 + sulfoacetaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + glycoprotein-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2)-D-galactose = UDP + glycoprotein-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-(alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2))-D-galactose.


phosphinothricin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphinothricin.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + pyruvate = (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-alanine.


positive regulation of nigerotriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.


steryl-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3-sulfate + H2O = 3-beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + sulfate.


peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase.


uridine phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uridine + phosphate = uracil + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester biosynthesis from peptidyl-glycine

The synthesis of peptidyl-glycine cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol ester at the carboxy-terminus of autolytically cleaved proteins.


lipid kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a simple or complex lipid.


cellular response to cation stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.


left/right pattern formation

The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of the left/right axis in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


3,4-dihydroxybenzoate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving protocatechuate, the anion of protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid).


positive regulation of stem cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.


malonate semialdehyde decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonate semialdehyde + H+ = acetaldehyde + CO2.


very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.


negative regulation of flagellated sperm motility

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility.


hemostasis

The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + 2-aminomuconate semialdehyde = NADH + 2-amino-muconate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylethanolamine + a sterol = a sterol ester + a lysophosphatidylethanolamine.


left lung morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the left lung are generated and organized.


arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonic acid + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 20-HETE + NADP+ + H2O. Arachidonic acid is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid, and 20-HETE is also known as (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-20-hydroxyicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the spinal cord that contributes to the process of a precursor cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


modulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of cellotriose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose catabolic process.


leaf morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the leaf are generated and organized.


establishment of lymphocyte polarity

The directed orientation of lymphocyte signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with an appropriate activating cell.


negative regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.


mesenchymal stem cell proliferation involved in nephron morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population, that contributes to the shaping of a nephron.


vinyl chloride reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vinyl chloride + 2 H+ + 2 e- = HCl + ethene.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-D-galactofuranose.


structural constituent of postsynapse

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynapse.


3-oxoacyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 3-oxoacyl-CoA = H+ + coenzyme A + a 3-oxoacid.


rRNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an rRNA molecule.


acinar cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize an acinar cell of the salivary gland. Acinar cells are protein-secreting cells in the gland.


plastid DNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving plastid DNA.


pyramidal neuron development

The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state.


regulation of neurotrophin production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.


establishment of protein localization to postsynaptic membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a postsynaptic membrane.


pharynx development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth.


cyanidin 3-O-p-coumaroylglucoside 2-O''-xylosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-4-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucoside) + UDP-alpha-D-xylose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,2-di-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.


11-oxo-beta-amyrin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.


dorsal spinal cord interneuron anterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in the anterior direction along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


butanediol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.


regulation of pre-tubular aggregate formation by cell-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of pre-tubular aggregate formation. Pre-tubular aggregate formation is the cell adhesion process in which mesenchymal cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of the pre-tubular aggregate, the earliest recognizable structure of the kidney.


response to alkyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.


allophanate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 3 H+ + urea-1-carboxylate = 2 CO2 + 2 NH4.


positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator.


rhodopsin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + rhodopsin = ADP + phosphorhodopsin.


regulation of actin cortical patch localization

Any process that modulates the localization of an actin cortical patch. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxidodioxidosulfidosulfate + a reduced thioredoxin = sulfite + hydrogen sulfide + H+ + an oxidized thioredoxin.


vesicle targeting, plasma membrane to endosome

The process in which vesicles formed at the plasma membrane are directed to specific destinations in endosome membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


hexitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.


modulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + substrate-serine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + substrate-serine-4'-phosphopantetheine. The transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine (Ppant) co-factor from coenzyme A to the hydroxyl side chain of the serine residue of acyl- or peptidyl-carrier protein (ACP or PCP) to convert them from the apo to the holo form.


serine 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypyruvate + NH3 + NADH.


leaf development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the leaf over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to testosterone stimulus.


peroxisome membrane biogenesis

The process in which a peroxisome membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.


RNA polymerase I promoter clearance

A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase I, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


mitochondrial tRNA 5'-end processing

The process in which the 5' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.


peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine

The post-translational cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-threonine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine.


neurotrophin receptor activity

Combining with a neurotrophin, any of a family of growth factors that prevent apoptosis in neurons and promote nerve growth, and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis as a result of signals being generated by the mesenchyme and received and interpreted by the salivary gland epithelium.


negative regulation of cellular response to nitrogen starvation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to nitrogen starvation.


regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease activity, specific for altered base

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages at specific sites within a deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid sulfur-sulfur bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid sulfur-sulfur bond.


negative regulation of amine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines.


gastric mucosal blood circulation

The flow of blood through the gastric mucosa of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients and the removal of waste products.


proteasome regulatory particle binding

Binding to a proteasome regulatory particle.


negative regulation of blood circulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.


basement membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the basement membrane in the context of a normal process such as imaginal disc eversion.


regulation of phospholipase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


macrolide 2'-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oleandomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + oleandomycin 2'-O-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + maltose 6'-phosphate = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.


2-aminohexanoate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-aminohexanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-oxohexanoate + L-glutamate.


malate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reversible conversion of pyruvate or oxaloacetate to malate.


23S rRNA (guanine(748)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(748) in 23S rRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(748) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


isoleucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


SMAD protein signal transduction

An intracellular signal transduction pathway that starts with the activation of a SMAD protein, leading to the formation of a complex with co-SMADs, which translocates to the nucleus, where it regulates transcription of specific target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 8-methylthiooctylhydroximate <=> H+ + 7-methylthioheptyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


rhythmic synaptic transmission

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


GCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCU codon.


ecdysone binding

Binding to 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone). Ecdysone is an ecdysteroid produced by the prothoracic glands of immature insects and the ovaries of adult females, which stimulates growth and molting.


pyruvate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.


2-alkyn-1-ol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-butyne-1,4-diol + NAD+ = 4-hydroxy-2-butynal + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.


leukotriene D4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene D4.


positive regulation of Ran protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.


IgA receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of an IgA isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


type IV pilus-dependent motility

Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.


2-oxobutyrate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.


mRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.


uracil metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.


alternative respiration

Alternative respiration pathway consumes oxygen, oxidizes NADH to NAD+ and generates water. During electron flow, proton motive force is diminished resulting in fewer molecules of ATP compared to cytochrome pathway. The pathway is found in plants, algae and some protozoa.


cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract.


cellular response to triterpenoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triterpenoid stimulus.


germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation

Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


detection of pheromone

The series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


bixin aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bixin aldehyde + O2 + NAD <=> norbixin + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of heart rate by circulating epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


negative regulation of sorocarp spore cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp spore cell differentiation.


D-lactate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + an ubiquinone = pyruvate + an ubiquinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in mRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a 5-methylcytidine in mRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Cdc42 protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by the Cdc42 protein switching to a GTP-bound active state.


intermediate-density lipoprotein particle binding

Binding to a intermediate-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm.


polyphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


viral entry into host cell via pilus basal pore

The uptake of a virus or viral genetic material into a host cell which occurs through retraction of the virion-bound pilus, followed by entry of the viral genome into the host cell through the pilus basal pore. Filamentous bacteriophages absorb to the tip of the F-pili and can enter the bacterial cell in this way.


cytidylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP = 3',5'-cyclic CMP + diphosphate + H+.


4-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrophenol + H+ + NADH + O2 = 4-nitrocatechol + H2O + NAD+.


negative regulation of appressorium formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.


regulation of ectoderm development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development.


arabinan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


P-type ion transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of ions across a membrane. The reaction is characterized by the transient formation of a high-energy aspartyl-phosphoryl-enzyme intermediate.


RITS complex localization

Any process in which a RITS complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


blood vessel maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state.


stomach pylorus smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within gastric smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the most distal part of the stomach.


histone H2AK119 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-119 residue.


response to fluid shear stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.


trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by carbon monoxide.


isopentenyl phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isopentenyl phosphate(2-) + ATP(4-) <=> isopentenyl diphosphate(3-) + ADP(3-).


XMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate.


progression of neural tube closure

The process in which the neural folds are fused extending from the initial closure points.


amylin receptor activity

Combining with amylin to initiate a change in cell activity.


dolichyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative.


terminal region determination

Specification of the terminal regions (the two non-segmented ends) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of huckebein and tailless gene products.


regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.


collenchyma cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a collenchyma cell. This is a plant cell in which the primary cell walls are unevenly thickened, with most thickening occurring at the cell corners. Cells are living and able to grow, they are elongated, and lignin and secondary walls absent. Collenchyma cells make up collenchyma tissue which acts as a supporting tissue in growing shoots, leaves and petioles. This tissue is often arranged in cortical ribs, as seen prominently in celery and rhubarb petioles.


interleukin-7 production

The appearance of interleukin-7 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins, a subfamily of integrins which contain the beta 2 subunit.


negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.


positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.


regulation of bundle of His cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell of the bundle of His. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.


deoxycytidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


regulation of blood vessel branching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel branching.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + an N-hydroxyarylamine = CoA + an N-acetoxyarylamine.


electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors.


ribitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose. It occurs free in some plants and is a component of riboflavin.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O2 <=> 10'-apo-beta-carotenal + beta-ionone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-deoxy-D-glucuronate = 5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate.


lysine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine = D-lysine.


apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

The actin-mediated process that results in contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell, contributing to formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.


11-oxo-beta-amyrin 30-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 11-oxo-beta-amyrin + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 2 H+ <=> glycyrrhetinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O.


epicardium-derived cell migration to the myocardium

The orderly movement of a cell that have undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition from the epicardium into the myocardium.


snoRNA localization

Any process in which small nucleolar RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


5-dehydro-2-deoxygluconokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate = ADP + 6-phospho-5-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate.


apoptotic mitochondrial changes

The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + O2 + H+ = 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.


putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine, using agmatinase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in a single enzymatic step.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-D-galactofuranose.


mesonephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric interstitial fibroblast.


neural crest cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


positive regulation of nitrogen utilization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.


positive regulation of endodermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.


positive regulation of austinol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.


glutamate synthase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADH.


receptor signaling pathway via STAT

An intracellular signal transduction process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The STAT cascade begins with receptor activation followed by activation of STAT proteins by kinases. It proceeds through STA dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including L-glutamate.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to a cardioblast being committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate.


organelle membrane fusion

The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single organelle membrane.


malate dehydrogenase (menaquinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + a menaquinone = oxaloacetate + a menaquinol.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextrans, to remove successive isomaltotriose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


thioacetamide S-oxide S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thioacetamide S-oxide + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = thioacetamide S,S-dioxide + H2O.


R2/R5 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R2 and R5 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


modulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity

The process in which an organism effects a change in host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


apiose 1-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-apiitol + NAD+ = D-apiose + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of L-glutamine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine import into cell.


nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry

The series of molecular signals initiated by a nodal protein binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to the establishment of lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


metal chelating activity

The formation of bonds from two or more atoms within the same ligand to a metal atom in complexes in which the metal is part of a ring.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin

The process in which renin-angiotensin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


regulation of mesoderm development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.


phosphatidylserine transfer activity

Removes phosphatidylserine from the outer leaflet of a donor membrane, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to the outer leaflet of an acceptor membrane.


peptide histaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-histaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein].


positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.


fatty acid binding

Binding to a fatty acid, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


beta-ketoadipate pathway

A pathway of aromatic compound degradation by ortho-cleavage; one branch converts protocatechuate, derived from phenolic compounds, to beta-ketoadipate, and the other branch converts catechol, generated from various aromatic hydrocarbons, amino aromatics, and lignin monomers, also to beta-ketoadipate. Two additional steps accomplish the conversion of beta-ketoadipate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.


phosphatidylserine floppase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylserine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


tyrocidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrocidine.


thromboxane receptor activity

Combining with a thromboxane (TXA) to initiate a change in cell activity.


histidine catabolic process to hydantoin-5-propionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including hydantoin-5-propionate.


negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.


foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized.


neutral lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.


pyridoxine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyridoxine from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


channel-forming ionophore activity

Enables transport of a solute across a membrane. This kind of transporter interacts much more weakly with the solute than the carrier does. It is an aqueous pore that extends across the membrane. It may change from closed to open and back. It transports faster than a carrier. It is always passive.


response to silicon dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus.


establishment of cell polarity

The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


indole-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'-hydroxyacetophenone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


pineal gland development

The progression of the pineal gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythms.


gastrulation with mouth forming second

A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second.


galactitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: rhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> ombuin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


L-lysine catabolic process to glutarate, by acetylation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including glutarate, by acetylation.


(S)-canadine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-canadine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: A [sulfatase]-L-cysteine + O2 + 2 a thiol = a [sulfatase]-3-oxo-L-alanine + hydrogen sulfide + a disulfide + H2O.


photoreactive repair

The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.


positive regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.


actinorhodin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of actinorhodin.


phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


toxin sequestering activity

Binding to a toxin to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


malate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of malate from one side of a membrane to the other. Malate is a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid, hydroxybutanedioic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H+.


regulation of cleistothecium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


CAAX-box protein modification

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins.


genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the genital disc. An anterior and posterior compartment form in each of the three genital disc primoridia (the female genital disc primordium, the male genital disc primordium and the anal primordium).


epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of an epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


bone maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for bone to attain its fully functional state.


skeletal muscle satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Any process by which the number of skeletal muscle satellite cells in a skeletal muscle is maintained during muscle regeneration. There are at least three mechanisms by which this is achieved. Skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division ensures satellite stem cell numbers are kept constant. Symmetric division of these cells amplifies the number of skeletal muscle satellite stem cells. Some adult skeletal muscle myoblasts (descendants of activated satellite cells) can develop back into quiescent satellite cells, replenishing the overall pool of satellite cells.


tensidol B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol B.


regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by a trans-synaptic complex.


anterior mRNA localization involved in anterior/posterior axis specification

Any process in which a mRNA is transported to, and maintained in the anterior portion of the oocyte and/or syncytial embryo contributing to the specification of the anterior/posterior axis.


lobar bronchus epithelium development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus epithelium is the tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus.


aerotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


lignostilbene alpha beta-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylene + O2 = 2 vanillin.


digestive system process

A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c(L)) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome cL] + a primary alcohol = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome cL] + an aldehyde + 2 H+.


regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.


regulation of methanofuran metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran metabolic process.


1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase (1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol + NADP+ = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.


nose morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).


hydroxymate-containing siderophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including hydroxamic acid. Hydroxamate is one of the three major chemical groups incorporated into siderophore structures with catechol and a-hydroxycarboxylate, each having a high selectivity for iron(3+).


positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.


anthocyanidin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(P)+ = an anthocyanidin + 2 NAD(P)H + H+.


dTTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.


cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate = cyclic pyranopterin phosphate + diphosphate.


sesquiterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.


cytokinin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-dimethylallyladenine + acceptor + H2O = adenine + 3-methylbut-2-enal + reduced electron acceptor.


penicillin amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: penicillin + H2O = a carboxylate + 6-aminopenicillanate.


snoRNP binding

Binding to a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle.


positive regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


positive regulation of T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.


chrysobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation

Any process that modulates the frequency of induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation, the process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.


mesonephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the mesonephros.


histone H2B-K12 acetylation

The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.


1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol palmitoyl-lipid 7-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


skeletal muscle fiber adaptation

Any process in which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


regulation of viral entry into host cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the viral entry into the host cell.


negative regulation of heart rate in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency of heart contraction of another organism.


establishment of tissue polarity

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


catecholamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


ent-kaurene oxidation to kaurenoic acid

The three successive oxidations of the 4-methyl group of ent-kaurene to form ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate, kaurenoic acid. This process may be carried out entirely by the enzyme ent-kaurene oxidase.


positive regulation of lymphocyte anergy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.


modulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any form of cell-based immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


methanopterin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanopterin.


formate dehydrogenase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + coenzyme F420 = CO2 + reduced coenzyme F420.


1-18:1-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol omega-6 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)(1-) + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the postsynaptic cytosol.


regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.


growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


Catalysis of the reaction: monomethylamine + a monomethylamine corrinoid protein = a methylated monomethylamine corrinoid protein + NH3.


negative regulation of fear response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fear response.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, heme protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a heme protein.


formation of stylet for nutrient acquisition

The assembly of a stylet, a hollow protrusible spear-like symbiont structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


mandelamide amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mandelamide + H2O = (R)-mandelate + NH4.


immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis

An immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.


shamixanthone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving shamixanthone.


histone methylation

The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.


muscle cell proliferation

The expansion of a muscle cell population by cell division.


alpha-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-glycosidic linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.


modulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of pharynx morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pharynx morphogenesis.


high-affinity copper ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a copper ions (Cu2+) from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


ventriculo bulbo valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the ventriculo bulbo valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Combining with gonadotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released by the hypothalamus.


dorsal spinal cord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input.


melanosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA = H2O + glutaconyl-CoA.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + orotate.


disruption by symbiont of host cellular component

The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


pyridoxal transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyridoxal from one side of a membrane to the other. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.


IMP dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: inosine 5'-phosphate + NAD+ + H2O = xanthosine 5'-phosphate + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.


glycosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a glycosome, a membrane-bounded organelle found in organisms from the order Kinetoplastida that houses the enzymes of glycolysis.


4-alpha-glucanotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a segment of a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.


neutrophil mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a neutrophil.


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT activity

Any process in which a virus interferes with a JAK-STAT signal cascade in a host organism by reducing the activity of host STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription). STATs are SH2 domain-containing proteins which lie downstream of many signaling receptors. Upon phosphorylation by JAKs, STAT proteins hetero- or homo-dimerize and translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


RNA NAD-cap (NMN-forming) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-end NAD+-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + H2O = a 5'-end phospho-adenosine-phospho-ribonucleoside in mRNA + beta-nicotinamide D-ribonucleotide + 2 H+.


trichloroethylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.


regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.


anal fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.


sprouting angiogenesis

The extension of new blood vessels from existing vessels into avascular tissues, this process includes the specialization of endothelial cells into leading tip and stalk cells, proliferation and migration of the endothelial cells and cell adhesion resulting in angiogenic sprout fusion or lumen formation.


negative regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility.


interleukin-9 production

The appearance of interleukin-9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


thalianol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a thalianol = a thalian-diol. This reaction is the addition of a hydroxyl group to thalianol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta-ol) to create a thalian-diol ((13R,14R,17E)-podioda-8,17,21-trien-3beta,X-diol), where the hydroxyl group may be attached at one of several different available carbons in ring B or C of thalianol, indicated by the X.


protein destabilization

Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation.


regulation of peptide hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.


regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.


pseurotin A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pseurotin A.


endothelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.


baroreceptor detection of increased arterial stretch

The series of events by which an increase in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


cell adhesion involved in retrograde extension

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix that contributes to the process of retrograde extension.


pyridoxal 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pyridoxal = 4-pyridoxolactone + H+ + NADH.


ethanolamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ethanolamine = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphoethanolamine.


urea channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of urea (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


progesterone receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by progesterone binding to its receptor in the cytoplasm.


response to ecdysone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.


regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.


regulation of protein refolding

Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein refolding. Protein refolding is the process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-acetamidobutanoate + H2O = acetate + 4-aminobutanoate.


neural crest cell differentiation involved in thymus development

Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in thymus development.


tRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule.


pyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid = an aldehyde + CO2.


regulation of cholesterol transporter activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.


microvillus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.