phosphagen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate + pyridoxamine = L-aspartate + pyridoxal.


androgen binding

Binding to an androgen, a male sex hormone.


bone trabecula morphogenesis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process of shaping a trabecula in bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.


cortical cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.


calcidiol binding

Binding to calcidiol.


hydro-lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond by elimination of water.


regulation of recycling endosome localization within postsynapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport or maintenance of location of a postsynaptic recycling endosome within the postsynapse.


chlorophyll a biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 7,8,4'-trihydroxyflavone <=> H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 7,4'-dihydroxy, 8-methoxyflavone.


cytoskeleton-nuclear membrane anchor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein or protein complex and a nuclear membrane lipid or membrane-associated protein, in order to maintain the localization of the cytoskeleton at a specific location of the nuclear membrane.


endoplasmic reticulum mannose trimming

Any protein alpha-1,2-demannosylation that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment (ERQC).


metanephric mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-formylmethanofuran + A + H2O + H+ = AH(2) + CO2 + methanofuran.


plant epidermis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the plant epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


modulation of nutrient release by host

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


macula densa development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.


actin filament bundle assembly

The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.


septum digestion after cytokinesis

The process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.


apical junction assembly

The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


glycine dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H2O + 2 ferricytochrome c = glyoxylate + NH3 + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


T cell inhibitory signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a T cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


mesonephric epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


sulfide oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of sulfide to elemental sulfur in a higher oxidation state, or to sulfite or sulfate.


signaling receptor activity

Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response.


ecdysteroid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.


neuron maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state.


hexaprenyl-diphosphate synthase ((2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 3 isopentenyl diphosphate = 3 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-threonine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-threonine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-threonine.


protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrinogen IX + acceptor = protoporphyrin IX + reduced acceptor.


cellular response to external stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.


triglyceride homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within an organism or cell.


regulation of amino acid export

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid export. Amino acid export is the directed movement of amino acids out of a cell or organelle.


cellular response to fluoxetine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.


ceramide phosphoethanolamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide phosphoethanolamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = D-arabinose + pyruvate.


arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinose, arabino-pentose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = 2-(2'-methylthio)ethylmalic-acid + coenzyme A + H+.


regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that regulates the concentration of calcium in the presynaptic cytosol.


novobiocin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.


positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation.


creatine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatine (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine), a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-Selenocystathionine + H2O => L-Selenocysteine + NH3 + 2-Oxobutanoic acid.


4-chlorobiphenyl metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-chlorobiphenyl, a member of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) group of compounds, a very stable group of synthetic organic compounds composed of a biphenyl nucleus with 1-10 chlorine substituents. 4-chlorobiphenyl has been used as a model substrate to investigate PCB degradation.


negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.


response to histidine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.


cellular response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulus. TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.


alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of alpha2-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gi alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


exogenous protein binding

Binding to a protein or protein complex from a different species, for example a pathogen molecule binding to a host protein.


G protein-coupled bile acid receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular bile acid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


negative regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


nurse cell nucleus anchoring

Attachment of the nurse cell nucleus to the plasma membrane.


pronephros structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pronephros. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensable for larval life.


Catalysis of the reaction: myricetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> myricetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.


crotonaldehyde redutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (cis)-crotonaldehyde + NADPH + H+ <=> butanal + NADP.


prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis

The process in which the prostate glandular acini are generated and organized. The glandular acini are the saclike structures of the gland.


actin crosslink formation

The process in which two or more actin filaments are connected together by proteins that act as crosslinks between the filaments. The crosslinked filaments may be on the same or differing axes.


positive regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.


inhibitory chemical synaptic transmission

Synaptic transmission that results in an inhibitory postsynaptic potential.


GDP-D-rhamnose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi transport vesicle to the target lipid bilayer membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-Selenomethionine + H2O => Orthophosphate + Diphosphate + Se-Adenosylselenomethionine.


establishment of protein localization to juxtaparanode region of axon

The directed movement of a protein to the juxtaparanode region of an axon.


response to indole-3-methanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 8Fe-7S iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide, found in nitrogenase.


hormone-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone.


endothelial cell activation within high endothelial venule involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell within a high endothelial venule resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


colicin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a colicin from one side of a membrane to the other. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + O2 = 4,5-chrysenedicarboxylate.


forebrain dorsal/ventral pattern formation

The formation of specific regional progenitor domains along the dorsal-ventral axis in the developing forebrain.


negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.


low-affinity basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have a pH above 7. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that modulates the location, frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


centromere clustering

The process by which centromeres/kinetochores become localized to clusters.


cap mRNA methylation

Methylation of the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of a 5'-capped mRNA.


viral extrusion

The process whereby a filamentous phage particle is released from a bacterial host cell via a concerted mechanism of assembly and secretion. Neosynthesized virions are coordinately exported as they are assembled at the cell surface in a secretory process that leaves the host cell fully viable. Non-capsid proteins form structures that facilitate translocation through the inner membrane and outer membranes. A viral single-stranded DNA binding protein coats progeny viral DNA molecules to generate the intracellular precursor for assembly of phage particles as they are extruded through the membranes of the bacterial host. The structural proteins of the virus are anchored in the inner membrane before their incorporation into the phage particle. As assembly proceeds, the phage genome traverses the inner and outer membranes until the entire DNA molecule has been coated and extruded.


cellular response to manganese ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene + O2 = benzo(a)pyrene-cis-11,12-dihydrodiol.


regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.


geranylgeranyl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a polyprenol compound involved in the biosynthesis of a variety of terpenoids including chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherols, plastoquinones, and the plant hormones gibberellins.


regulation of development of symbiont in host

Any process in which the symbiont regulates its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.


iodophenol O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-iodophenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 1-iodo-2-methoxybenzene + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


D-ribose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose (ribo-pentose).


sulfide dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + oxidized cytochrome c = S + reduced cytochrome c.


natural killer cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


negative regulation of heart looping

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.


ABC-type ferric iron transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Fe3+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Fe3+(in).


regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


regulation of gastric emptying

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any gastric emptying process, the process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


positive regulation of phospholipid efflux

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid efflux.


propanediol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of propanediol from one side of a membrane to the other. Propanediol is a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid; it is also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items, although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects.


cyclohexanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexanol + NAD+ = cyclohexanone + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

Any process in which an organism negatively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


cellular response to prostaglandin D stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus.


box C/D snoRNP assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box C/D snoRNA to form a box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.


protein localization to cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium.


blasticidin S metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving blasticidin S.


regulation of cell differentiation involved in tissue homeostasis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the maintenance of a steady state of a cell type within a tissue.


maltose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of maltose from one side of a membrane to the other. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the enzymatic breakdown of glycogen and starch.


neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.


sequoyitol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-5-O-methyl-myo-inositol + NAD+ = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H+ + NADH.


hydroxyisourate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O = 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate + H+.


monoterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.


brown fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


positive regulation of oospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.


3-dehydroquinate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydroquinate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H2O.


chemotropism

The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external chemical gradient, usually toward or away from it.


cellular response to phosphatidylethanolamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phosphatidylethanolamine stimulus.


Catalysis of the transfer of a myristoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.


cell wall pectin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


modulation by symbiont of host cell cycle

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in its host's cell cycle through direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.


mitochondrial mRNA processing

Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the mitochondrial genome into mature mRNAs.


phenylpyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylpyruvate = phenylacetaldehyde + CO2.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.


regulation of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric mesenchymal cell migration.


IgM receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


detection of activity

The series of events in which an activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


branched-chain amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


(+)-alpha-barbatene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-alpha-barbatene + diphosphoric acid.


lysobisphosphatidic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lysobisphosphatidic acid. A lysobisphosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group.


maintenance of nucleus location

Any process in which the nucleus is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


hydroperoxide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hydroperoxide.


regulation of platelet rolling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet rolling.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate = 2 pyruvate.


horizontal cell localization

Any process in which a horizontal cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. A horizontal cell is a neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina. Targeting of retinal neurons to the appropriate lamina is vital to establish the architecture of the retina.


positive regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.


establishment or maintenance of cell type involved in phenotypic switching

A cellular process of the specification, formation or maintenance of an alternative cell type, occurring as part of the process of phenotypic switching. Phenotypic switching begins with changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns and ends when the morphology of a population of cells has reverted back to the default state, accompanied by altered expression patterns.


aerobic respiration, using carbon monoxide as electron donor

The metabolic process in which carbon monoxide (CO) is oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) to generate energy. Conservation of energy in this process likely uses sodium ion gradients for ATP synthesis and is coupled to quantitative sulfide methylation.


epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lung development

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. This process contributes to lung development.


tetrachloroethylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrachloroethylene (tetrachloroethene), a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines. Tetrachloroethene has been used primarily as a solvent in dry-cleaning industries and to a lesser extent as a degreasing solvent.


modulation of apoptotic process in another organism

A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in a second organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone <=> H+ + 2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


G protein-coupled ATP receptor activity

Combining with ATP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


UCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCA codon.


(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = (-)-trans-carveol + NADP+ + H2O.


transition metal ion binding

Binding to a transition metal ions; a transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.


endocardial cushion cell fate determination

The process involved in endocardial cushion cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


detection of hot stimulus involved in thermoception

The series of events in which a hot stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.


phosphonoacetate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phosphonoacetate = acetate + H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + 2 NADP <=> (6E)-8-oxogeranial + 2 NADPH + 2 H+.


extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

The series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


follicle cell of egg chamber migration

The directed movement of an ovarian follicle cell that takes place during oogenesis. During egg chamber formation, follicle cells migrate to envelop the germ-line cysts and move in between cysts. At stage 10B, follicle cells migrate centripetally between the nurse cells and the oocyte, enclosing the anterior of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


megagametogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation as the megaspore to the mature structure. The process begins when three of the four haploid megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center.


positive regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host

The increase by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


motogenic signaling involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration

The signaling that results in the stimulation of cell movement in the rostral migratory stream.


corneocyte desquamation

The delamination process that results in the shedding of a corneocyte from the surface of the epidermis.


aspartate N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-aspartate + CoA + H+.


somatotropin secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatotropin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexane-1,3-dione + H2O = 5-oxohexanoate + H+.


response to nitrogen dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stimulus.


acetoin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, often as part of a fermentation pathway or for use as a carbon source.


endothelial cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


adventitious root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adventitious root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adventitious roots are post-embryonic roots that develop from the plant shoot.


heparin lyase activity

Catalysis of the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing 1,4-linked D-glucuronate or L-iduronate residues and 1,4-alpha-linked 2-sulfoamino-2-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucose residues to give oligosaccharides with terminal 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.


negative regulation of glycerol transport

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric nephron are generated and organized. A mesonephric nephron is the functional unit of the mesonephros.


negative regulation of cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation.


endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. For example, primary ribosomal RNA transcripts containing three genes, in this order, are produced in E. coli and other prokaryotic species. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


cellulosome binding

Binding to a cellulosome, an extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing several enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding that functions to hydrolyze plant cell wall polysaccharides.


meiotic prometaphase I

The meiotic cell cycle phase in eukaryotes between meiotic prophase I and meiotic metaphase I. During meiotic prometaphase I, the nuclear envelope breaks down and one kinetochore forms per chromosome. Chromosomes attach to spindle microtubules and begin to move towards the metaphase plate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (glycoside, pentoside or hexuronide)(out) + monovalent cation(out) = (glycoside, pentoside or hexuronide)(in) + monovalent cation(in). The cation is Na+, Li+ or H+.


positive regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process

Any process that starts, increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,6-dichloro-3-methylcatechol + O2 = 3,5-dichloro-3-methyl-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.


formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP

Formation of a quadruple snRNP complex composed of the spliced leader (SL) RNA along with the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex. Interactions that may facilitate this include a duplex between the SL and U6 RNAs and interactions between the U5 RNA and the exon sequence at the 5' splice site within the SL RNA.


snRNA 2'-O-methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to the 2' oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an snRNA molecule.


synergid differentiation

The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of a synergid cell.


alpha-copaene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-copaene.


positive regulation of cellular defense response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.


floor plate formation

The formation of a ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage.


response to cadmium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.


kynurenic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenic acid, 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.


regulation of protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).


biliberdin reductase NAD+ activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD+ = biliverdin + NADH+ H+.


carbon-monoxide oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CO + H2O + ferrocytochrome b-561 = CO2 + 2 H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b-561.


metanephric connecting tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros.


L-xylitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-xylitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate.


spectrosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spectrosome, a germline specific spherical organelle that is the precursor to the fusome.


regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


nephron epithelium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephron epithelium are generated and organized. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.


negative regulation of thymocyte aggregation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte aggregation.


NADPH-dependent curcumin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: curcumin + NADPH + H+ = dihydrocurcumin + NADP+.


L-fucose mutarotase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-fucose = beta-L-fucose.


calcium-dependent self proteolysis

The calcium-dependent hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their own peptide bonds.


development of primary sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.


negative regulation of premature acrosome loss

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.


negative regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.


Catalysis of the reaction: scalarane-17alpha-19-diol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


subpallium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subpallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.


establishment of blood-nerve barrier

The establishment of the barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier.


JAK pathway signal transduction adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two molecules of the JAK signal transduction pathway, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin.


positive regulation of behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.


response to biphenyl

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biphenyl stimulus.


retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized.


positive regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification.


positive regulation of blood pressure

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.


abducens nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


protein localization to centrosome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centrosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribose + H2O = AMP + ribose-1-phosphate.


L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.


C-C motif chemokine 2 receptor activity

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


glucosylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.


negative chemotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a chemical.


mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling involved in heart induction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells that contributes to heart induction.


pancreatic A cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


arginine catabolic process to ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine.


spheroidene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: spheroidene + O2 = spheroidenone + H2O.


cellular response to arsenic-containing substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.


response to L-arginine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-arginine stimulus.


stress response to nickel ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a nickel ion stimulus.


dihydrofolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.


cellular modified histidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


cephalic furrow formation

Formation of a partial necklace of inturning tissue on the lateral sides of the embryo, along the dorsal-ventral axis. This furrow demarcates head from thorax in the developing protostome.


regulation of ARF protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.


negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.


phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol. They are important constituents of cell membranes.


regulation of zygosporangium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.


chloroplast relocation

The process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells migrate toward illuminated sites to optimize photosynthesis and move away from excessively illuminated areas to protect the photosynthetic machinery.


regulation of neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.


cellular response to chromate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.


hepatocyte growth factor receptor activity

Combining with hepatocyte growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


monodictyphenone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monodictyphenone.


polysaccharide digestion

The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


visual learning

Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.


negative regulation of systemic acquired resistance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


negative regulation of maltohexaose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.


dentin mineralization

The process in which calcium salts are deposited into the calcareous tooth structure known as dentin.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + NAD(P)H + H+.


associative learning

Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect).


porphobilinogen synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 5-aminolevulinate = 2 H2O + H+ + porphobilinogen.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state that contributes to somitogenesis.


skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of satellite cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


adult locomotory behavior

Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.


sepal giant cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a sepal giant cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


purine-containing compound salvage

Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


microtubule anchoring

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell.


maintenance of plant organ identity

The process in which the identity of a plant organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.


microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in establishment of planar polarity

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins and contributes to the establishment of planar polarity.


negative regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.


biological process involved in intraspecies interaction between organisms

Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species.


N-acylmannosamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine = ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.


regulation of erythrocyte clearance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.


modulation by host of viral catalytic activity

The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of a virus with which it is infected.


in utero embryonic development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


cis-aconitamide amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-aconitamide + H2O = cis-aconitate + HN3.


menstrual cycle phase

The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The menstrual cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate + NAD+ = (1S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate + H+ + NADH.


archaeal-specific GTP cyclohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + diphosphate +formate + H+. This activity is part of the biosynthesis of methanopterin in Archaea, and requires Fe2+.


ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.


plastid inheritance

The partitioning of plastids between daughter cells at cell division.


methylmercury catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal.


UDP-glucuronic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucuronic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


meristem initiation

Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.


selenate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2SeO4 => diphosphate + adenylylselenate.


dosage compensation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes.


histone H2A ubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of one or more ubiquitin groups.


3-nitrophenol nitroreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitrophenol + 2 NADH + 2 H+ = 3-hydroxyaminophenol + 2 NAD+ + H2O.


phosphatidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction involving the transfer of a phosphatidate (otherwise known as diacylglycerol 3-phosphosphate) group.


regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.


L-arabinofuranose binding

Binding to L-arabinofuranose.


maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location

The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


olfactory placode morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the olfactory placode are generated and organized. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.


regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.


synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by nitric oxide.


negative regulation of G2/MI transition of meiotic cell cycle

Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to MI phase of the meiotic cell cycle.


regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission.


glomerulus development

The progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. The glomerulus is part of the nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


P-type potassium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in).


negative regulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host

Any process in which an organism reduces the indole acetic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


sphingolipid long-chain base 4-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + H+ + a dihydroceramide + NAD(P)H = H2O + a phytoceramide + NAD(P).


isonicotinic acid hydrazide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isoniazid + H2O = isonicotinate + hydrazine.


MutLalpha complex binding

Binding to a MutLalpha mismatch repair complex.


lipoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lipoyl-5'-AMP + L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein] = (R)-N6-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein] + AMP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = 3''-adenylylstreptomycin + diphosphate + H+.


rhombomere 6 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


U6 snRNA 3'-end binding

Binding to a U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA) at the 3' end.


maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.


tryptophanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H2O = indole + NH4 + pyruvate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with NAD(P)+ as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


progesterone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.


zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis

The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote.


aurachin C monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aurachin C + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> aurachin C epoxide + H2O + NAD(P).


neuroendocrine cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquires specialized structural and functions of a neuroendocrine cell of the prostate gland acinus.


response to furfural

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a furfural stimulus.


symbiotic process benefiting host

A process carried out by symbiont gene products that enables a symbiotic interaction with a host organism, that is beneficial to the host organism.


omega-3 fatty acid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-3 double bond into the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain.


2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.


keto-deoxynonulosonic acid (KDN) cytidylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + KDN = diphosphate + CMP-KDN.


glossopharyngeal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + O2 <=> 5-hydroxy-coniferaldehyde + NADP + H2O.


Cajal-Retzius cell differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Cajal-Retzius cell, one of a transient population of pioneering neurons in the cerebral cortex. These cells are slender bipolar cells of the developing marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene.


5-formyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 5-formyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = diphosphate + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate.


cellular response to leptin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.


negative regulation of galactotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


positive regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light.


leading edge cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into leading edge cells. Leading edge cells are found at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.


syncytial embryo cellularization

The separation of a syncytial embryo into individual cells.


striated muscle myosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


negative regulation of muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.


regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.


Catalysis of the reaction: phloroglucinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3,5-dihydroxyanisole + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


syringal lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving syringal lignin.


cysteine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O3-acetyl-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + acetate.


chloride:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation(out) + Cl-(out) = cation(in) + Cl-(in).


trans-translation

A translational elongation process in which transfer of a translating ribosome from one mRNA to another RNA template takes place. Trans-translation occurs during tmRNA release of stalled ribosomes.


ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ochratoxin A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ochratoxin A.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of endothelial cell migration.


phialide development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phialides over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip. Chains of conidia, or asexual spores, develop from the phialide tips.


toluene 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 4-hydroxytoluene.


negative regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.


axonemal outer doublet assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal outer doublet, a part of an axoneme consisting of a doublet microtubule.


sterol delta7 reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydroepisterol = 24-methylenecholesterol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxycyclohexanone + A = AH(2) + cyclohexane-1,3-dione.


mannosylphosphate transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosylphosphate group from one compound to another.


regulation of intracellular lipid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.


lipid tube assembly involved in organelle fission

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as organelles undergo fission.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.


mineralocorticoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.


L-tyrosine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tyrosine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.


cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NADPH

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NADP+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the anterior/posterior axis.


cspyrone B1 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cspyrone B1.


vitamin B6 transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of any of the vitamin B6 compounds, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cytidine to uridine editing

The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination.


cyanophycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanophycin, a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.


acetyl-CoA assimilation pathway

The pathways by which acetyl-CoA is processed and converted into alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate); methanogenic archaea use these pathways to assimilate acetyl-CoA into the cell.


establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.


cellular response to benzoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.


multiple spine synapse organization, single dendrite

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and a single dendrite.


nickel incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of nickel into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


hypoglossal nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hypoglossal nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H+.


octanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-octanol + NAD+ = 1-octanal + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.


positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


kaempferol 3-glucoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol 3-O-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> kaempferol-3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside + UDP.


inhibin complex binding

Binding to an inhibin complex, a dimer of one inhibin-alpha subunit and one inhibin-beta subunit.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.


(-)-microperfuranone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-microperfuranone.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + isoflavone = UDP + isoflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.


neuroblast activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a neuroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


lysine 6-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + L-lysine = NH3 + NADH + allysine.


imidazolone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoylglycine => H2O + imidazol-4-one.


myelin assembly

The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon in the central or peripheral nervous system.


ent-kaurenoate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-kaurenoate + NADPH + O2 = ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADP+ + H2O. This is the first of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).


response to endogenous stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.


positive regulation by symbiont of cytokinin levels in host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokinin levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


transcription factor TFIIH holo complex binding

Binding to a transcription factor TFIIH holo complex.


'de novo' actin filament nucleation

The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine in the absence of any existing actin filaments; elongation of the actin oligomer formed by nucleation leads to the formation of an unbranched filament.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + a plant soluble heteroglycan = a plant soluble heteroglycan + maltose.


Catalysis of the reaction: RNA(n+1) + phosphate <=> RNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltohexaose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate = NAD(P)H + 3,4-dehydro-1,4-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate.


necroptotic process

A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.


peptidyl-cysteine modification to L-cysteine persulfide

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine persulfide.


macropinosomal membrane permeabilization involved in viral entry into host cell

Induction of macropinosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus in a macropinosome, and results in release of the viral contents from the macropinosome into the host cell cytoplasm.


citronellol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citronellol + NAD+ = citronellal + NADH + H+.


semicircular canal fusion

Creation of the central hole of the semicircular canal by sealing the edges of the pouch that forms during the process of semicircular canal formation.


anterior mesonephric tubule development

The progression of the anterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The anterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


pentachlorophenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.


protein methylation

The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.


alpha-L-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-L-fucoside + H2O = an alcohol + L-fucose.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.


B cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition

Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.


fumarate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fumarate from one side of a membrane to the other. Fumarate is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate.


salt transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of salt from one side of a membrane to the other.


purinergic nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.


positive regulation of microglial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.


juvenile hormone binding

Binding to a juvenile hormone, a sesquiterpenoid derivative that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


extracellular exosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm.


misfolded RNA binding

Binding to an RNA molecule that has assumed an incorrect conformation.


primary neural tube formation

The formation of the neural tube from an epithelial cell sheet (the neuroepithelium or neural plate). In primary neurulation, the cells surrounding the neural plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate, and pinch off from the surface to form a hollow epithelial tube. Primary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the anterior neural tube.


11alpha-30-dihydroxy beta-amyrin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 11alpha,30-dihydroxy-beta-amyrin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 30-hydroxy-11-oxo-beta-amyrin + NADP + 2 H2O.


versicolorin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of versicolorin A to sterigmatocystin.


pectin lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pectin = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-6-O-methyl-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronate end + a pectin. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonan methyl ester to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-6-O-methyl-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.


stilbene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving stilbenes, a class of polyketides formed from a molecule of cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl-CoA.


glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


defense response by cell wall thickening

A type of cell wall modification, in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker, that occurs as part of the defense response of an organism.


patchoulol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> seychellene + diphosphoric acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


exocytic process

The cellular processes that contribute to exocytosis.


endothelin production

The appearance of a endothelin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions.


regulation of cartilage development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


cyclic-di-GMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cyclic-di-GMP from one side of a membrane to the other.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of osmotic stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carbon atom of an arginine residue in a protein. This modification has been detected in anaerobic bacteria.


response to statin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a statin stimulus. Statins are organooxygen compounds whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC:1.1.1.34/EC:1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties.


nor-spermidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


regulation of ascospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


intermediate voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by an intermediate voltage-gated channel. An intermediate voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on intermediate voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


hydroxyapatite binding

Binding to hydroxyapatite, the calcium phosphate mineral of formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 found both in rocks of nonorganic origin and as a component of bone and dentin.


fungiform papilla formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a spongiform papilla from unspecified parts. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + CoA + H+.


negative regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.


positive regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


embryonic shoot morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic shoot are generated and organized.


cellobiose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose.


lys-arg specific dibasic protein processing

Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after a lysine-arginine amino acid residue combination within a protein.


positive regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.


gibberellin A34,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A34 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> H+ + gibberellin A34-catabolite + succinate + carbon dioxide + H2O.


dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal/ventral axis. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


membrane bone morphogenesis

The process in which bone which forms deep in the organism are generated and organized.


retrotrapezoid nucleus development

The progression of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) over time from it's initial formation to its mature state. The retrotrapezoid nucleus is a group of neurons in the rostral medulla, which are responsible regulating respiration.


Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 = A + H2O + testololactone.


cell cycle phase

One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.


response to lipid hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyromazine + H2O = N-cyclopropylammeline + NH3.


larval behavior

Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics.


peptide antibiotic biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides with antibiotic activity.


R3/R4 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R3 and R4 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


tetrahydrofuran hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydrofuran + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoisocaproate + NADH + H+ = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.


vitamin B6 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin B6 compounds: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


arugosin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arugosin.


eyelid development in camera-type eye

The progression of the eyelid in a camera-type eye from its formation to the mature state. The eyelid is a membranous cover that helps protect and lubricate the eye.


CD24 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD24, a CD marker and cell adhesion molecule that occurs on many B-lineage cells and mature granulocytes, and is involved in B cell activation and differentiation as well as T cell co-stimulation.


mesonephric podocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


sorocarp sorus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sorocarp sorus is the spore containing structure of a sorocarp.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: peptide(out) + H+(out) = peptide(in) + H+(in), up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by hydrogen ion movement.


branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in branchial arch mesenchyme

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis.


positive regulation of cellular process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + O2 + NADH <=> 4alpha-carboxy-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


(S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = acetoin + H+ + NADH.


adrenomedullin receptor activity

Combining with adrenomedullin to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin = H+ + cyanidin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


leptomycin B binding

Binding to leptomycin B.


T2-induced deoxynucleotide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + dGMP = ADP + dGDP, and ATP + dTMP = ADP + dTDP.


bacterial cellulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as it occurs in certain types of bacteria, mainly Acetobacter, Sarcina ventriculi and Agrobacteria.


deoxysarpagine hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = H2O + NADP+ + sarpagine.


motor behavior

The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli.


immune response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue

Immune response taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). GALT includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules.


floral organ senescence

The last stage of flower development during which programmed degradation of macromolecules and nutrient recycling take place.


benzoate 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + H2O + NADP+.


small molecule metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + a quinone = 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinol.


peptide cross-linking via S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine protein cross-link.


analia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of analia are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of heart growth

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.


Combining with the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid.


positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion.


regulation of shoot system development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot development.


protein carbamoylation

The addition of a carbamoyl group to a protein amino acid. A carbamoyl group is the acyl group -CO-NH2.


ATP-dependent activity, acting on RNA

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of RNA, and it drives another reaction.


fungal-type cell wall organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.


ureteric peristalsis

A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along the ureter, impelling the contents onwards. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.


neuronal-glial interaction involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The changes in adhesion between neuronal cells and glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.


negative regulation of monocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.


negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.


dihydroneopterin triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin triphosphate = dihydroneopterin phosphate + diphosphate.


indole-3-acetonitrile nitrile hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetonitrile + H2O = indole-3-acetamide.


negative regulation of vesicle docking

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle docking.


shell calcification

The precipitation of calcium carbonate onto the organic matrix of a shell, such as a mollusc shell.


pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


response to pain

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.


alpha-santonin 1,2-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrosantonin + NAD(P)+ = alpha-santonin + NAD(P)H + H+.


neuron differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that contributes to the progression of the amphid sensory gland.


cell fate determination involved in pattern specification

A process involved in commitment of a cell to a fate in a developmental field. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


P-type silver transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ag+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + Ag+(out).


regulation of buoyancy

Any process that modulates an organism's tendency or ability to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air, often through the use of stored gases.


methione N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-methionine + coenzyme A + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


ventral spinal cord interneuron fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.


macrophage apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.


chloroplast rRNA processing

Any rRNA processing that takes place in chloroplast.


maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase III

Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from a RNA polymerase III promoter.


positive regulation of salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.


smooth muscle relaxation of the bladder outlet

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the bladder outlet that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.


protochlorophyllide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = protochlorophyllide + NADPH + H+.


thiazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


pristanoyl-CoA oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pristanoyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


positive regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis.


retinol dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + retinol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + anhydroretinol.


maintenance of centrosome location

Any process in which a centrosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha-methyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine.


formate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.