animal organ formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of an animal organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ.


5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate lyase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminoimidazole + CO2 = 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorophenoxyacetate + 1/2 O2 = glyoxylate + 4-chlorophenol.


ketone biosynthetic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.


positive regulation of vascular permeability

Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.


ovulation

The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


oculomotor nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oculomotor nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


anthracene 9,10-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anthracene + 2 H2O = cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol.


adenosine to inosine editing

The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination.


2'-deoxyguanosine DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of the ADP-ribose group of NAD+ to the amino group at N2 of 2'-deoxyguanosine to yield N2-(alpha-ADP-ribos-1-yl)-2'-deoxyguanosine and its beta form.


N-acyl homoserine lactone synthase activity

Catalyzing the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine -> [acyl-carrier- protein] + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone.


cellular response to glycine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycine stimulus.


D-ribulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-ribulose = ADP + D-ribulose 5-phosphate.


epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.


tropane alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.


mature natural killer cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a mature natural killer cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). A mature natural killer cell is a natural killer cell that is developmentally mature and expresses a variety of inhibitory and activating receptors that recognize MHC class and other stress related molecules.


somite development

The progression of a somite from its initial formation to the mature structure. Somites are mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.


intracellular potassium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of potassium ions within a cell.


oxidoreduction-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane, driven by exothermic flow of electrons from a reduced substrate to an oxidized substrate. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase.


negative regulation of spore encystment on host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of mesoderm development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development.


tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = alpha,beta-didehydrotryptophan + H2O2 + H+.


imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an imaginal disc-derived leg joint are generated and organized. The leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of neuroblast migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.


cellular response to isooctane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isooctane stimulus.


positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-xylose + D-ribitol 5-phosphate-R = UDP + beta1,4-xylosyl-D-ribitol 5-phosphate-R.


interleukin-26 production

The appearance of interleukin-26 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


valencene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> (+)-valencene + diphosphoric acid.


flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


sinapate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxylaminobenzoate + NAD(P)H = anthranilate + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


conversion of discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle to spherical high-density lipoprotein particle

The process in which a discoidal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle acquires additional lipid or protein molecules, and cholesterol in the particle is converted to tightly bound cholesterol esters by the action of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT), resulting in the formation of a spherical HDL particle.


maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded

Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


propan-2-ol:coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propan-2-ol + coenzyme F420 = acetone + reduced coenzyme F420.


negative regulation of neurotrophin production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.


cellular response to dsDNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded DNA stimulus.


carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + L-glutamine + CO2 + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate.


4-aminobenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


histone H4-K16 deacetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone.


cerebellum maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellum to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


S-layer organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an S-layer enveloping the cell. The S-layer is a crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + O2 = beta-apo-10'-carotenal + beta-ionone.


8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) + H2O = 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine diphosphate (8-oxo-GDP) + phosphate. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) is the oxidised form of the free guanine nucleotide and can act as a potent mutagenic substrate for transcription.


regulation of pyrimidine nucleoside transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


atrioventricular node development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system.


DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of DNA at the site of a stalled replication fork that contributes to replication fork processing.


regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.


theta DNA replication

A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a double-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template.


gibberellin binding

Binding to a gibberellin, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside <=> H+ + delphinidin 3-O-sophoroside + UDP.


regulation of G2/MI transition of meiotic cell cycle

Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to MI phase of the meiotic cell cycle.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-fucosamine + NAD(P) = UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose + H+ + NAD(P)H.


hypochlorous acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypochlorous acid.


detection of muscle stretch

The series of events by which a muscle stretch stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


renal interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a renal fibroblast.


blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X.


lipid A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipid A, the glycolipid group of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of four to six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues. Further modifications of the backbone are common.


glutamate catabolic process to propionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including propionate.


genkwanin 6-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: genkwanin + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> scutellarein 7-methyl ether + H2O + NADP.


carotene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.


tetrachlorobenzene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorotoluene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 4,6-dichloro-3-methyl-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene + NAD+.


prenylcysteine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-prenyl-L-cysteine + O2 + H2O = a prenal + L-cysteine + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-L-3-hydroxyproline = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+.


arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to cis-14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


high voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a high voltage-gated channel. A high voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on high voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in a developing lateral line.


phosphatidylglycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.


L-lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) = UDP + GlcA-IPC.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 = (3E)-4-(2-carboxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


fusogenic activity

The activity of joining two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.


meristem maintenance

Any process involved in maintaining the identity, size and shape of a meristem.


protein-RNA complex organization

Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a ribonucleoprotein complex.


striated muscle atrophy

A process, occurring in striated muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.


fructose-1-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose-1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde.


Roundabout signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by a SLIT protein binding to a Roundabout (ROBO) family receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


fungiform papilla morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the fungiform papilla are generated and organized. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.


odontogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.


positive regulation of trehalose catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of trehalose catabolic process.


regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


non-glycolytic fermentation

Fermentation that does not include the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.


negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.


cellular response to magnesium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.


dentate gyrus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus.


atrial cardiac muscle cell-AV node cell adhesion involved in cell communication

The attachment of an atrial cardiomyocyte to an AV node cell via adhesion molecules that results in the cells being juxtaposed so that they can communicate.


pinoresinol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinoresinol + NADPH + H+ = lariciresinol + NADP+.


oocyte localization involved in germarium-derived egg chamber formation

Directed movement of the oocyte, following its specification, from its original central position in the cyst to a posterior position relative to the nurse cells of the egg chamber, and its maintenance in this posterior location. This is the first sign of anterior-posterior asymmetry in the developing egg chamber.


protein localization to extracellular region

Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location.


rhombomere 8 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


nitrate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + acceptor = nitrate + reduced acceptor.


neuroepithelial cell differentiation

The process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.


stress response to cadmium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a cadmium ion stimulus.


CoA-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + tetradecanoyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + N(6)-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


positive regulation of collagen catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.


negative regulation of epithelial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


R3/R4 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R3 and R4 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to potassium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-7-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + isorhamnetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


plant-type cell wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.


platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated a ligand binding to an alpha-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFalpha) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


activin receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


pre-miRNA binding

Binding to a precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) transcript, a stem-loop-containing precursor of microRNA.


glucose catabolic process to lactate

The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, and possibly ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).


P-type calcium transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

A calcium-transporting P-type ATPase activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


D-lactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + pyruvate.


sperm mitochondrion organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of sperm mitochondria; the process in which they take on their characteristic morphology; they are flattened, elongated, and arranged circumferentially into a tight helical coil around the tail-dense fibers of the mature sperm.


hemangioblast cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts are the proposed common precursor of blood and endothelial lineages.


2-isopropylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + CoA + H+.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the anterior/posterior pattern of the neural plate.


negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of urine volume

Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time.


apoptotic signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


O-hexanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a hexyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


cell dedifferentiation

The process in which a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


negative regulation of podocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.


protein-FAD linkage

The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD).


negative regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 16-hydroxypalmitate + NADP <=> H+ + 16-oxo-palmitate + NADPH.


somitogenesis

The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.


Catalysis of the transfer of mannose-1-phosphate to a serine residue in a protein.


histone H3-K9 deacetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone.


regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.


response to nonane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonane stimulus.


antigen sampling by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

The process of antigen samples carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.


tRNA (cytidine 56-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytidine56 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylcytidine56 in tRNA.


prenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.


establishment of protein localization to chloroplast

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a chloroplast.


negative regulation of stress response to copper ion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stress response to copper ion.


positive regulation of action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


phosphoglucan, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [phospho-alpha-glucan] + H2O = AMP + O-phospho-[phospho-alpha-glucan] + phosphate.


fructan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymonodemethylisoproturon + H2O = formaldehyde + 4'-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)phenylurea + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


regulation of maltopentaose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.


cibarial fish-trap bristle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a cibarial fish-trap bristle are generated and organized. A cibarial fish-trap bristle is a sensory bristle on the anterior plate of the cibarium.


complement-dependent cytotoxicity

Cell killing caused by the membrane attack complex formed following complement activation.


organomercury metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organomercury compound, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.


negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


sulphoglycolysis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-sulfoquinovose(1-) resulting in the formation of glycerone phosphate (DHAP) and pyruvate.


cellular response to thiabendazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thiabendazole stimulus.


cerebellar granular layer structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sorbose(out) = protein histidine + sorbose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


o-orsellinic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-orsellinic acid.


positive regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


negative aerotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen.


neurohypophysis formation

The process that gives rise to neurohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.


thiol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + a thiol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an S-alkyl thiosulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate.


hydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2 + A = AH2.


optic nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


negative regulation of myoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) + H+(out) = hexose(in) + H+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphooligosaccharide + protein L-asparagine = dolichyl diphosphate + a glycoprotein with the oligosaccharide chain attached by glycosylamine linkage to protein L-asparagine.


synaptic vesicle localization

Any process in which a synaptic vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


(+)-borneol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-borneol + NAD+ = (1R, 4R)-camphor + H+ + NADH.


regulation of cellular component biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.


uridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.


D-lyxose ketol-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lyxose = D-xylulose.


estradiol 6-beta-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + estradiol-17beta + O2 = 6beta-hydroxyestradiol-17beta + A + H2O.


response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


regulation of fatty acid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = HCl + unsym-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDMS; unsym-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDNU.


protein localization involved in auxin polar transport

Any protein localization that is involved in auxin polar transport.


isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


malate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + malate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + malyl-CoA.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


negative regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway.


sulfolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sulfolipid, a compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.


gibberellin A53, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A53 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A44 diacid + carbon dioxide + succinate.


negative regulation of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one + UDP-D-glucose = 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 2-D-glucoside + UDP.


cell-cell adhesion in response to extracellular stimulus

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules as a result of an extracellular stimulus.


response to anesthetic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anesthetic stimulus. An anesthetic is a substance that causes loss of feeling, awareness, or sensation.


alpha-santalene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-alpha-santalene + diphosphoric acid.


protein desulfurization

The removal of a sulfur group from a protein amino acid.


regulation of isomerase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.


intracellular threonine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of threonine within a cell.


trans-synaptic signaling by lipid, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of lipid molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


histone H3-K56 deacetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone.


ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA

Catalytic activity that acts to modify DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


cell wall proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall peptidoglycan, a group of glycoproteins that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.


regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking

The docking of a cytosolic centriole/basal body to the plasma membrane via the ciliary transition fibers. In some species this may happen via an intermediate step, by first docking to the ciliary vesicle via the ciliary transition fibers. The basal body-ciliary vesicle then relocates to the plasma membrane, followed by the ciliary vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane, effectively attaching the basal body to the plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NADH + O2 <=> 4alpha-carboxy-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


fumagillin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumagillin.


glutaconate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (E)-glutaconate = acetate + glutaconyl-1-CoA.


chemorepulsion of branchiomotor axon

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


determination of pancreatic left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the pancreas with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbitol phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sorbitol(out) = protein histidine + sorbitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-phosphate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O + NADP+.


regulation of estradiol secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.


histone H4-R3 demethylation

The modification of histone H4 by the removal of a methyl group from arginine at position 3 of the histone.


hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = trimethylamine + hexadecanal + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


follicle cell of egg chamber stalk formation

Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


negative regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


modulation by symbiont of host hormone or growth regulator levels

The alteration by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


sno(s)RNA transcription

The synthesis of snoRNA class RNA (also referred to as sRNA in Archaea) from a DNA template.


copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-) catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of copal-8-ol diphosphate(3-).


response to platelet aggregation inhibitor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet aggregation inhibitor stimulus.


hemocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.


positive regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.


siderophore-iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(in) + H+(in).


prephenate(2-) catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prephenate(2-).


sodium-dependent multivitamin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: multivitamin(out) + Na+(out) = multivitamin(in) + Na+(in). Multivitamins include pantothenate, biotin and lipoate.


negative regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-alanine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of an alanyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


membrane lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.


biological process involved in symbiotic interaction

A process carried out by gene products in an organism that enable the organism to engage in a symbiotic relationship, a more or less intimate association, with another organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts.


cellular response to menaquinone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.


regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the RIG-I signaling pathway.


RNA lariat debranching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of branched RNA structures that contain vicinal 2'-5'- and 3'-5'-phosphodiester bonds at a branch point nucleotide.


cholangiocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cholangiocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cholangiocyte population. A cholangiocyte is an epithelial cell that is part of the bile duct. Cholangiocytes contribute to bile secretion via net release of bicarbonate and water.


RISC complex assembly

The process in which a single-stranded small RNA is incorporated within the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC). The assembly includes the maturation of the small RNA, the stabilization of the complex by accessory proteins of the RISC complex, duplex separation and the release of the second strand, forming a base-pairing completent complex that mediates gene silencing by small RNA.


regulation of defense response to virus by host

Any host process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of a host cell or organism.


endocardial cushion cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cushion cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cushion cell.


carpel formation

The process that gives rise to the carpel. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


pyrroloquinoline quinone binding

Binding to pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of certain alcohol dehydrogenases and glucose dehydrogenases.


regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings.


dimethylsilanediol catabolic process

The aerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.


beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase III activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = acetoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CoA + CO2.


hydroxyphytanate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-hydroxyphytanate + O2 = 2-oxophytanate + H2O2.


positive regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA.


protein localization to Golgi membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Golgi membrane.


ubiquinone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


phagosome acidification involved in apoptotic cell clearance

Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion, and occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance.


alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor activity

Combining with alpha-2 macroglobulin and delivering alpha-2 macroglobulin into the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis.


phospholipase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.


regulation of basidium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of a basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to Basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.


linear 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + a linear [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 7-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


myosin II filament disassembly

The disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


regulation of establishment of planar polarity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of planar polarity, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide molecule.


group A colicin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) from one side of a membrane to the other.


peptidyl-lysine oxidation

The oxidation of the terminal amino-methylene groups of peptidyl-L-lysine or peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine to aldehyde groups to form allysine or hydroxyallysine residues, respectively; these are intermediates in the formation of covalent cross-links between adjacent polypeptide chains in proteins such as collagens.


histone H3 acetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group.


D-lysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


thigmotaxis

The directed movement of an animal in response to touch.


positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.


negative regulation of circulating fibrinogen levels

Any process that reduces the quantity of fibrinogen circulating in the bloodstream.


regulation of endosperm development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endosperm development.


nitrite reductase (cytochrome, ammonia-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 ferricytochrome c = nitrite + 6 ferrocytochrome c + 7 H+.


sulfur reductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of elemental sulfur or polysulfide to hydrogen sulfide.


UAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UAC codon.


positive regulation of sensory perception of pain

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain.


negative regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.


protein localization to meiotic spindle midzone

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle midzone.


elastin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving elastin, a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.


ATP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = ADP + 5'-phospho-RNA.


response to vitamin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.


endoplasmic reticulum membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


pancreatic PP cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic PP cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic PP cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide.


D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyacid + a quinone = 2-oxoacid + a quinol.


membrane biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a membrane.


hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


3-cyano-L-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-cyano-L-alanine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide group of a glycoprotein.


regulation of zinc ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


melanin-concentrating hormone receptor activity

Combining with the cyclic peptide hormone melanin-concentrating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide.


T follicular helper cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature T follicular helper cell.


Catalysis of the transfer of a stearoyl (systematic name, octadecanoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: octadecanoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-octadecanoyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


negative regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase A2 activity.


protein demalonylation

The removal of a malonyl group (CO-CH2-CO), from an amino acid residue within a protein or peptide.


formation of translation initiation ternary complex

Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).


ureter morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ureter are generated and organized. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.


long-chain fatty acid transporting porin activity

Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons. This transporter is a porin and so enables the energy independent passage of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway.


rumination

A digestive process in which food, usually grass or hay, is swallowed into a multi-compartmented stomach, regurgitated, chewed again, and swallowed again.


protein O-linked glycosylation via serine

The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-serine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-serine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, galactosyl, and xylosyl serine.


intracellular water homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of water within a cell.


regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of a cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.


positive regulation of spindle checkpoint

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


disruption of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction

Any process in which a symbiont interferes with host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


pinacolone 5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-dimethyl-3-pentanone + 1/2 O2 = 1-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentan-3-one.


positive regulation of actin filament severing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament severing.


response to prostaglandin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin D stimulus.


response to antidepressant

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antidepressant stimulus, a mood-stimulating drug.


T/G mismatch-specific endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uroporphyrin III = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-2.


regulation of metaxylem development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metaxylem development. Metaxylem development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metaxylem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metaxylem is the part of the primary xylem that differentiates after the protoxylem and before the secondary xylem, if any of the latter is formed.


positive regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin-activated receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin-activated receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.


superior temporal gyrus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior temporal gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior temporal gyrus is a portion of the cerebral cortex that extends from the lateral sulcus to the superior temporal sulcus.


peptidyl-serine O-acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-acetyl-L-serine.


response to bacterial lipoprotein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.


platelet formation

The process in which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes.


germ-band extension

Elongation of the germ band on the ventral side of the embryo, accompanied by a halving in width. The elongation process pushes the posterior midgut invagination closed and compresses the amnioserosa further.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


Roundabout signaling pathway involved in axon guidance

Any Roundabout signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by an endocannabinoid ligand.


protein modification by small protein conjugation

A protein modification process in which one or more groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-diacylglycerol + L-serine = CMP + O-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine.


aspartate-ammonia ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-aspartate + NH3 = AMP + diphosphate + L-asparagine.


primitive streak formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the primitive streak from unspecified parts. The primitive streak is a ridge of cells running along the midline of the embryo where the mesoderm ingresses. It defines the anterior-posterior axis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + H+ = CO2 + phenol.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + acetyl-CoA = N(4)-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + CoA + H+.


propionate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + propanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + propanoyl-CoA.


pancreatic E cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic E cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan = UDP + alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan.


ovulation cycle

The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.


regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucuronate + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 3-beta-D-glucuronosyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein.


maintenance of plastid location

Any process in which a plastid is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


paraxial mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + H+ = CO2 + succinate semialdehyde.


negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.


substance P receptor activity

Combining with substance P, the peptide Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met, to initiate a change in cell activity.


NAD+ nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, aniline-o-sulfonic acid, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.


tagatose-bisphosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + glycerone phosphate.


2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vestitone + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADPH + H+.


secondary shoot formation

The process that gives rise to secondary (or auxiliary or axillary) shoots in plants. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. These secondary shoots originate from secondary meristems initiated in the axils of leaf primordia. Axillary meristems function like the shoot apical meristem of the primary shoot initating the development of lateral organs.


learned vocalization behavior or vocal learning

Vocalisation behavior that is the result of learning, or the process by which new vocalizations are learned.


response to cyclophosphamide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclophosphamide stimulus.


ceramide phosphoethanolamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide phosphoethanolamine.


intracellular signal transduction involved in positive regulation of cell growth

Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in positive regulation of cell growth.


positive regulation of penetration peg formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of coagulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation, the process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass.


cell-cell junction disassembly

The disaggregation of a cell-cell junction into its constituent components.


VEGF-activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


D-fructuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NADP = NADPH + H+ + D-fructuronate.


modulation by virus of host NIK/NF-kappaB cascade

Any process in which a virus effect a change in the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling in the host.


assembly of apicomedial cortex actomyosin

A process which results in the assembly or arrangement of constituent parts apicomedial cortex actomyosin.


regulation of lactose biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process.


cellular response to ether

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + a 12-hydroxyjasmonate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + a 12-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate.


protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage

The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrins.


zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside) biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeaxanthin bis(beta-D-glucoside).


atropine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of atropine. Atropine is the racemic mixture of hyoscyamine.


sweat gland placode formation

The developmental process in which the sweat gland placode forms. An sweat gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sweat gland bud.


regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


cytochrome c-heme linkage

The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme.


positive regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.


nicotine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.


7-hydroxy-chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADPH + O2 + H+ = chlorophyllide b + NADP+ + 2 H2O.


regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


specification of segmental identity, abdomen

The specification of the characteristic structures of the abdominal segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


histone modification

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein.


female germline ring canal formation

Assembly of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a female cyst.


regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.


imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

The regionalization process in which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified.


protein arginine N5-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the delta-nitrogen atom of peptidyl-arginine residues. The reaction is S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-N5-methyl-L-arginine.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a gram-negative bacterium, the directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.


positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


Catalysis of the reaction: [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n)-diphosphoundecaprenol + GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-diphosphoundecaprenol = [GlcNAc-(1,4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n+1)-diphosphoundecaprenol + undecaprenyl diphosphate.


tight junction organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a tight junction. A tight junction seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


estrogen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.


negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.


DNA negative supercoiling activity

Catalytic introduction of negative supercoils into a DNA molecule or region thereof. In bacteria, negative supercoils are only introduced by DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, but not all DNA gyrases are capable of introducing supercoils. In bacteria, the level of supercoiling varies widely between species and has been characterized properly in only a handful of organisms. The best characterized enzyme, from E.coli, is exceptionally proficient at supercoiling and this ability is not representative of all bacteria.


negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.


disulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: substrate with reduced sulfide groups = substrate with oxidized disulfide bonds.


D-proline reductase (dithiol) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lipoate + 5-aminopentanoate = dihydrolipoate + D-proline.


photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem II

After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem II, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.


protein maturation

Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


epoxide carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the generic reaction: epoxide + CO2 + NAD+ + electron donor = beta-keto acid + NADH + reduced electron donor; the electron donor may be NADPH or a dithiol. This reaction is the ring opening and carboxylation of an epoxide; for example: epoxypropane + CO2 + NAD+ + NADPH = acetoacetate + NADH + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + S-(4-bromophenyl)-L-cysteine = (4-bromophenylsulfanyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.


visual behavior

The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.


positive regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.


regulation of intestinal lipid absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.


oocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte.


regulation of synaptic vesicle docking

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle docking.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.


contractile actin filament bundle assembly

Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are loosely packed (approximately 30-60 nm apart) and arranged with opposing polarities; the loose packing allows myosin (usually myosin-II) to enter the bundle.


TORC2 complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a TORC2 complex into its constituent components.


mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.


protein localization to division septum

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a division septum.


peptidyl-lysine deacetylation

The removal of an acetyl group from an acetylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


proximal/distal pattern formation involved in nephron development

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end).


glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADPH. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + NADP+ + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


inositol oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol + O2 = D-glucuronate + H2O + H+.


regulation of hemocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


triterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.


peptide dopaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dopamine + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-dopaminyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+).


selective angioblast sprouting

The segregation of angioblasts into discrete arterial and venous vessels from one common precursor vessel.


eye-antennal disc development

Progression of the eye-antennal imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.


response to carbamate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase.


Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue from UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to the 4-position of a mannose linked alpha-1,6 to the core mannose of high-mannose oligosaccharides produced by Dictyostelium discoideum.


response to injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a injury. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline.


regulation of secretion by asymmetric Golgi ribbon formation

The asymmetric formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae that modulates the controlled release of a substance from a polarized epithelial cell.


TNFSF11-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of meiotic spindle elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA + H2O = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA + H+.


negative regulation of crystal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


L-amino acid efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


organic acid phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into an organic acid.


positive regulation of response to nutrient levels

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.


negative regulation of homophilic cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of homophilic cell adhesion.


negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis.


response to purine-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine-containing compound stimulus.


melanocyte adhesion

The attachment of a melanocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.


positive regulation of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division.


ribosomal large subunit assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the large ribosomal subunit.


Catalysis of the reaction: deacetyl-[citrate-oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + S-acetylphosphopantetheine = [citrate oxaloacetate-lyase ((pro-3S)-CH(2)COO(-)-acetate)] + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


response to methylamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.


proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, a large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + Na+(out) = glycine(in) + Na+(in).


cell proliferation involved in metanephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the population in the metanephros.


hair follicle maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state.


high-affinity glucose:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. This activity is constitutive and therefore always present, regardless of demand. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.


folic acid binding

Binding to folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.


regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of bone as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


specification of metanephric loop of Henle identity

The process in which the loop of Henle of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.


deoxyribose 5-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 5-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 5-phospho-2-deoxyribose.


negative regulation of NK T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.


4-nitrotoluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene. It is a light yellow liquid with a weak aromatic odor.


dUMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dUMP = ADP + dUDP.


chemotaxis to arachidonic acid

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of arachidonic acid.


alpha-ribazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-ribazole, the benzimidazole nucleoside in adenosyl cobalamin (vitamin B12).


FAD diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FAD + H2O = AMP + FMN.


phytyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.


dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanidinoacetate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + creatine + H+.


leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of leukemia inhibitory factor to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 D-glucose 1-phosphate = D-glucose + D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + a sterol = a sterol ester + 1-acylglycerophosphocholine.


lymphocyte chemotaxis

The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus.


cytidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.


regulation of male mating behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior.


negative regulation of behavior

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.


silver ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of silver (Ag) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


response to ischemia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply.


nicotinic acid riboside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinic acid riboside + H2O = nicotinic acid + D-ribose.


cellular response to abiotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.


multi-pass transmembrane protein insertion into ER membrane

A process of protein insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins is mediated by the multi-pass translocon complex and takes place following membrane insertion of the first few transmembrane segments of proteins by the SEC61 complex to promote insertion of subsequent transmembrane regions.


protein glutathionylation

The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.


spermatogonial cell division

The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes).


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-secoisolariciresinol + NAD <=> H+ + (-)-lactol + NADH.


(R)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.


positive regulation of muscle tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.


cohesin unloader activity

Facilitating a conformational change to unload a cohesin complex from sister chromatids.


negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.


negative regulation of viral budding via host ESCRT complex

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral budding via host ESCRT complex.


response to chloroquine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloroquine stimulus.


positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin.


perichondral ossification

Intramembranous ossification from the surface of a cartilage element as the perichondrium becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.


rhombomere development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


glandular epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.


leukotriene B4 12-hydroxy dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene B4 + NADP+ = 12-oxo-leukotriene B4 + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.


soyasaponin III rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-L-rhamnose + soyasaponin III <=> H+ + UDP + soyasaponin I.


behavioral response to formalin induced pain

Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a formalin pain stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + H+ + methylmalonate.


histone H4 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a histone H4 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated histone H4. Histone methylation generally occurs on either an arginine or a lysine residue.


ureidoglycine aminohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ureidoglycine + H2O = S-ureidoglycolate + NH3.


Catalysis of the reaction: a medium-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a medium-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. Medium-chain aldehydes have a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons.


delphinidin 7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) acyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-(6-O-(4-O-(glucosyl)-oxybenzoyl)-glucoside) + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> violdelphin + beta-D-glucose.


cortisol O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + cortisol = CoA + cortisol 21-acetate.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.


negative regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.


cytochrome c metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytochrome c.


oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification

Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


eosinophil extravasation

The migration of an eosinophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


chromosome passenger complex localization to spindle midzone

A cellular protein complex localization that acts on a chromosome passenger complex; as a result, the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the spindle midzone. A chromosome passenger complex is a protein complex that contains the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora B kinase, INCENP and Borealin, and coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.


Catalysis of the reaction: salicyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + salicin + UDP.


extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of innate immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.


taurine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


negative regulation of phenotypic switching

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.


3alpha-hydroxy bile acid-CoA-ester 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: a 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid CoA + NAD+ = a 3-oxo bile acid CoA + H+ + NADH.


regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.


dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern.


AV node cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in an atrioventricular node cardiac muscle cell.


regulation of locomotion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.


galactomannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.


regulation of fever generation

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation.


fatty acid peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O2 + H+ + palmitate = CO2 + 3 H2O + pentadecanal.


pseudouridine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pseudouridine = ADP + 2 H+ + pseudouridine 5'-phosphate.


regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction O-acetyl-ADP-ribose + H2O = ADP-ribose + acetate.


allose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.


negative regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.