primary sex determination

The sex determination process that results in the initial specification of sexual status of an individual organism.


negative regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.


proteolysis within lysosome associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by lysosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage

The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and pyridoxal-5-phosphate.


positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of L-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-glutamate is the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


termination of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The signaling process in which G protein-coupled receptor signaling is brought to an end. For example, through the action of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that act to accelerate hydrolysis of GTP to GDP on G-alpha proteins, thereby terminating the transduced signal.


thymic stromal lymphopoietin production

The appearance of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


cellular response to interleukin-21

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-21 stimulus.


amino acid:potassium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + K+(out) = amino acid(in) + K+(in).


negative regulation of endosperm development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endosperm development.


dimethylglycine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylglycine + electron-transfer flavoprotein + H2O = sarcosine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein.


border follicle cell migration

The directed movement of a border cell through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


aerial mycelium formation

The process by which hyphae grow in an upward or outward direction from the surface of the substrate; from there, propagative spores develop in or on characteristic structures that are distinctive of some fungal and bacterial species. The species that form an aerial mycelium develop conidiophores at the ends of the aerial hyphae.


U11 snRNA binding

Binding to a U11 small nuclear RNA (U11 snRNA).


cystathionine beta-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cystathionine + H2O = L-homocysteine + NH3 + pyruvate.


multicellular organismal movement

Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism.


negative regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late endosome to lysosome transport.


endothelin receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An endothelin receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


1,2,3-tribromopropane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,3-tribromopropane, a toxic and volatile organic compound commonly used as a nematocide in agriculture.


malonyl-CoA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a malonyl-[acp] = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a malonyl-[acp] methyl ester.


mannuronate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate + NAD(P)+ = D-mannuronate + NAD(P)H + H+.


canonical inflammasome complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inflammasome complex.


peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity

An endopeptidase activity that uses peptidoglycan as a substrate.


ectoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.


regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.


guanosine binding

Binding to guanosine.


protein catabolic process at postsynapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a postsynapse.


positive regulation of cell cycle phase transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.


imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. The wing is an appendage modified for flying.


leukocyte homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylcholine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylcholine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


suramin binding

Binding to suramin, a naphthalenesulfonic acid compound which is used in the treatment of diseases caused by trypanosomes and worms.


mesonephric nephron tubule development

The progression of a mesonephric nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros.


ABC-type D-methionine transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + D-methionine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + D-methionine(in/out).


primary miRNA processing

A process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule.


neuropeptide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are signaling peptides that travel across a synaptic junction.


glycolytic process from fructose through fructose-6-phosphate

The glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate in which fructose is catabolized into pyruvate.


tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The branching process in which the mammary gland ducts form tertiary branches off of the secondary branches as part of diestrus and pregnancy.


negative regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.


positive phototaxis

The directed movement of a cell or organism towards a source of light.


actin-mediated cell contraction

The actin filament-based process in which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside binding

Binding to a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to deoxyribose.


dADP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).


oxaloacetate tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oxaloacetate = <stereo>enol</stereo>-oxaloacetate.


tetracyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.


Catalysis of the reaction: homotaurine + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) <=> 3-sulfopropanal + L-glutamate(1-).


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose.


diterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.


cis-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi medial cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a cis-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the medial-Golgi cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport.


regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance. High-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


epidermal growth factor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epidermal growth factor (EGF), following internalization of the receptor-bound ligand into the signal-receiving cell. Full breakdown of epidermal growth factor results in a ligand that is unable to bind and activate its receptor.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide.


ectodermal cell fate commitment

The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the ectoderm.


tumor necrosis factor production

The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Tumor necrosis factor is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.


pollen germination

The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a heterosporous plant pollen grain, beginning with hydration and terminating with the emergence of the pollen tube through the aperture.


exocyst localization

Any process in which an exocyst is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.


response to nitroglycerin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitroglycerin stimulus.


negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.


tetrapyrrole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


mesectoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesectoderm development processes give rise to both mesoderm and ectoderm tissues.


heparin-sulfate lyase activity

Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate; appears to act on linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and uronate. Product is an unsaturated sugar.


alginic acid acetylation

The addition of O-acetyl ester groups to alginic acid, a linear polymer of D-mannuronate and L-guluronate.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopropanecarboxylate + CoASH = cyclopropanecarboxyl-CoA + OH-.


ABC-type protein transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + protein(out) = ADP + phosphate + protein(in).


positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


mannitol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol + NAD+ = D-mannose + H+ + NADH.


acetylglutamate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-phosphate.


translation at synapse

Translation that occurs at the synapse.


rhamnogalacturonan II side chain metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. A number of structurally distinct di- and oligosaccharides can be attached to the C-3 and C-2 of the backbone, respectively.


U6atac snRNA binding

Binding to a U6atac small nuclear RNA (U6atac snRNA).


5-aminopentanamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminopentanamide + H2O = 5-aminopentanoate + NH3.


locus ceruleus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the locus ceruleus is generated and organized. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.


regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.


Lewis a epitope biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a Lewis a epitope, a trisaccharide (Fuc-alpha-(1->4)[Gal-beta-(1->3)]GlcNAc) characteristic of plant protein N-linked oligosaccharides.


menthol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-delta-4,5-steroid + NADPH + H+ = a 5-beta-3-oxo-steroid + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-proline + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-proline + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.


disruption of host antimicrobial peptide activity

Any process in which a symbiont interferes with a host antimicrobial peptide, for example by cleavage or degredation.


L-proline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-proline, an L-enantiomer of a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: norepinephrine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = norepinephrine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


IgD binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of a D isotype.


melanosome localization

Any process in which a melanosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


L-diaminopimelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-diaminopimelate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-diaminopimelate is the L-enantiomer anion of 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid.


osmoregulated periplasmic glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving osmoregulated periplasmic glucan.


Golgi transport complex binding

Binding to a Golgi transport complex, a multisubunit tethering complex of the CATCHR family.


microfilament motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microfilament, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycyrrhizate + H2O = 2-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-D-glucuronate + glycyrrhetinate.


detection of high humidity stimulus involved in sensory perception

The series of events in which a high humidity stimulus is detected and converted into a molecular signal as a part of the sensory detection of high humidity.


L-threonine catabolic process to D-lactate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L- threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound methylglyoxal, which is subsequently converted to D-lactate.


carbapenem metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbapenem.


protein-DNA complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a protein-DNA complex into its constituent components.


phytosteroid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosteroids, steroids that differ from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22. Phytosteroids are so named because they occur in higher plants; some, notably ergosterol, are also found in fungi.


xenobiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


cell projection organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.


positive regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility.


regulation of eosinophil extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.


axial mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


embryonic heart tube anterior/posterior pattern specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of cell differentiation that results in the anterior/posterior subdivision of the embryonic heart tube. In Drosophila this results in subdivision of the dorsal vessel into to the posterior heart proper and the anterior aorta.


determination of dorsal identity

Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


glyoxylate reductase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycolate + NAD+ = glyoxylate + NADH.


negative regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


ureter part of ureteric bud development

The development of the portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter.


rhombomere 1 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 1 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


regulation of anatomical structure size

Any process that modulates the size of an anatomical structure.


reflex

An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.


positive regulation of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


detection of auxin stimulus

The series of events in which an auxin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


intracellular pH reduction

Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


positive regulation of R7 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranyl-1,4-benzoquinol <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2,3-dimethyl-6-geranylgeranyl-1,4-benzoquinol + H+.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin.


gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


JUN kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: JUN + ATP = JUN phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation and activation of members of the JUN family, a gene family that encodes nuclear transcription factors.


deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.


L-xylitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and is used as a noncariogenic sweetner and as a sugar substitute in diabetic diets.


D-cysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + H2O.


negative regulation of oligopeptide transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligopeptide transport.


vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the endoplasmic reticulum.


negative regulation of nervous system process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.


negative regulation of transferase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + tomatidine = UDP + O-glucosyl-tomatidine.


cardiolipin acyl-chain remodeling

Remodeling the acyl chains of premature (de novo synthesized) cardiolipin (1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol), through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate mature cardiolipin containing high-levels of unsaturated fatty acids.


aliphatic amine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide + H+.


negative regulation of platelet rolling

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling.


four-way junction helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix of DNA containing four-way junctions, including Holliday junctions, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system

The projection of branches of an open tracheal system towards their target tissues. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


acetanilide 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetanilide + O2 + 2 H+ + NADH = catechol + NAD+ + acetamide.


regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.


1-acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-oleoylglycerone 3-phosphate + NADPH + H+ = 1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + NADP.


regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.


regulation of phospholipase C activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C activity.


negative regulation of glucosylceramidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.


SOS response

An error-prone process for repairing damaged microbial DNA.


establishment of cell polarity involved in ameboidal cell migration

The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of an ameboid cell.


establishment of natural killer cell polarity

The directed orientation of natural killer cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with a cell displaying natural killer cell activating ligands.


anaerobic gallate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the absence of oxygen.


purine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


levansucrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 2,6-beta-D-fructosyl(n) = glucose + 2,6-beta-D-fructosyl(n+1).


11-deoxycorticosterone binding

Binding to 11-deoxycorticosterone.


TORC2 complex binding

Binding to a TORC2 complex.


long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + OH-acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = NADH + H+ + B-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


glycerol ether catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.


transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to modulating the rate or frequency of cell proliferation.


chorion-containing eggshell formation

The construction of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-alanine + 2-oxoglutarate = pyruvate + D-glutamate.


ethanolamine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethanolamine = acetaldehyde + NH3.


cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.


regulation of nervous system process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system.


GCN2-mediated signaling

A series of reactions in which a signal is passed on to downstream proteins within the cell via GCN2 (also known as EIF2AK4), an intracellular protein kinase that is activated by stress signals, such as amino acid starvation.


alpha-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


Y-shaped link assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Y-shaped link. Two distinct protein complexes are known to be involved in proper linker assembly: the MKS complex and the NPHP complex. Improper assembly of Y-shaped links may cause malfunctioning of the transition zone as a molecular gate.


chloroplast photosystem II binding

Binding to a chloroplast photosystem II.


positive regulation of nitrogen cycle metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen cycle metabolic process.


store-operated calcium channel activity

A ligand-gated ion channel activity which transports calcium in response to emptying of intracellular calcium stores.


response to etoposide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an etoposide stimulus.


protein prenylation

The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a protein; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.


ether lipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.


2-deoxystreptamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-deoxystreptamine.


establishment of skin barrier

Establishment of the epithelial barrier, the functional barrier in the skin that limits its permeability.


detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies.


regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.


capsanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving capsanthin.


regulation of muscle filament sliding involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.


The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 deisopropylatrazine + O2 = 2 acetaldehyde + 2 deisopropyldeethylatrazine.


cyclohexanone dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + cyclohexanone = AH(2) + cyclohex-2-enone.


regulation of response to drug

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug.


Catalysis of the reaction: wogonin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP + H+.


5-aminosalicylate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminosalicylate + O2 = cis-4-amino-6-carboxy-2-oxo-hexa-3,5-dienoate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


second spliceosomal transesterification activity

Catalysis of the second transesterification reaction of spliceosomal mRNA splicing. Ligation of the two exons occurs via a transesterification reaction where the free 3'-hydroxyl group of the 5' exon is the nucleophile attacking the 3' splice site. Non-expressed sequences are now detached from the exons. In cis splicing, the intron is in a lariat structure.


catechin binding

Binding to a catechin, a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite with a flavonoid or flavan-3-ol structure.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell

The series of events involved in the perception of smell in which an olfactory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


regulation of monoatomic anion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.


reduced coenzyme F420:NADP+ oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = NADPH + H+ + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.


lymphocyte migration

The movement of a lymphocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


sinapate ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.


spermidine:sinapoyl CoA N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to a nitrogen atom on the spermidine molecule.


CUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUA codon.


mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome

The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript.


peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein.


regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.


telophase

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


L-rhamnose mutarotase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-L-rhamnose = beta-L-rhamnose.


The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


response to interleukin-21

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-21 stimulus.


leukocyte migration

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a long-chain acyl-CoA = a long-chain carboxylate + CoA. A long chain is a chain of greater than 12 carbons in length.


mesodermal cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


pyrimidine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyrimidine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cellular response to silver ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.


erythrocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = gibberellin 12-aldehyde + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is the second of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).


syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion

The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex (also known as ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


heparan sulfate sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfated heparan sulfate.


cellular response to rapamycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.


embryonic heart tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.


2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


lipoarabinomannan binding

Binding to lipoarabinomannan.


xanthosine nucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthosine + H2O = D-ribose + xanthine.


photosynthetic phosphorylation

Any metabolic process in which photosynthetic organisms use light energy to convert ADP to ATP without the concomitant reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water that occurs in phosphorylation.


organelle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.


psilocybin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of psilocybin, a psychotropic tryptamine-derived natural product.


regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation.


glutamate receptor activity

Combining with glutamate and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of lipid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


smooth muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of its smooth muscle cells without cell division. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development, and can also occur in mature structures on demand. In the uterus, smooth muscle cells undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->1) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.


positive regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade.


tetracycline transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tetracycline from one side of a membrane to the other. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a microglial cell.


histone H4K12 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


neuroendocrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a neuroendocrine cell. A neuroendocrine cell is a cell that receives input form a neuron which controls the secretion of an endocrine substance.


argininosuccinate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(L-arginino)succinate = fumarate + L-arginine.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a ubiquinone + H2O + pyruvate = a ubiquinol + acetate + CO2.


positive regulation of zygospore formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.


regulation of L-glutamine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of L-glutamine biosynthesis.


sinoatrial valve development

The progression of the sinoatrial valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


creatininase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: creatinine + H2O = creatine.


glutathione metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.


non-myelinated axon ensheathment

The process in which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane closes around an axon.


gibberellin A25 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A25 + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) + O2 <=> gibberellin A46 + succinate(2-) + carbon dioxide.


NADH metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.


ecdysone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. It is the inactive prohormone of the moulting hormone ecdysterone and may have intrinsic hormonal activity at other stages of insect development.


midbrain morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a midbrain is generated and organized.


positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in egg activation

The process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol after fertilization or the physiological activation of an egg.


CAM photosynthesis

The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to make malic acid. The malic acid is then passed into the vacuole where it is stored until daylight, when it is shuttled back out to be used as a substrate in the light reaction of photosynthesis.


zeaxanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of zeaxanthin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacylglycerol + UDP-D-glucose = 3-D-glucosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol + UDP.


positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.


positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway.


ATPase-coupled antimonite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + antimonite(in) = ADP + phosphate + antimonite(out).


posterior compartment specification

The process involved in the specification of cell identity in the posterior compartments of the segmented embryo.


clathrin-mediated membrane bending

A membrane bending process mediated by clathrin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(1-ethyl-1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)phenol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = hydroquinone + 3,6-dimethylheptan-3-ol.


hydroxymethylfurfural reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + NADH + H+ = 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran + NAD+.


regulation of defecation rhythm

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.


protein localization to phagocytic vesicle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a phagocytic vesicle.


excretion

The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.


response to sterol depletion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


haustorium mother cell formation

The process in which a symbiont cell is formed, separated from the tip of an infection hypha by a septum. The haustorium mother cell usually contains 2-4 fungal nuclei, and its function is to attach and penetrate the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


non-phosphorylated glucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-phosphorylated forms of glucose.


axial mesoderm formation

The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.


nitrobenzene nitroreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrobenzene + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = hydroxyaminobenzene + 2 NADP+ + H2O.


inositol 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myo-inositol = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate.


chylomicron remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.


monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of monocarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A monocarboxylic acid is an organic acid with one COOH group.


regulation of stem cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


thienylcyclohexylpiperidine binding

Binding to thienylcyclohexylpiperidine.


negative regulation of distal tip cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


24-epi-campsterol desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 24-epi-campesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> brassicasterol + NADP + 2 H2O.


positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.


leading strand elongation

The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended continuously in a 5' to 3' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Leading strand elongation proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17(E)-cheilanthenediol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


beta-carotene isomerase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: all-trans-beta-carotene = 9-cis-beta-carotene.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O = formate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


arginine binding

Binding to 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


cellular response to toxic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


penetration peg formation

The assembly by the symbiont of a peg-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism, which penetrates through the host cuticle and epidermal cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + heparan sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfate; results in 2-O-sulfation of iduronic acid residues in heparan sulfate.


trypanothione-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trypanothione = NADPH + H+ + trypanothione disulfide.


positive regulation of response to type II interferon

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to type II interferon (interferon-gamma). Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.


maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


phosphotransferase activity, carboxyl group as acceptor

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a carboxyl group (acceptor).


protoxylem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the protoxylem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The protoxylem comprises the first formed elements of the primary xylem.


gamma-linolenate elongase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + H+ = (8Z,11Z,14Z)-3-oxoicosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA + coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.


axon guidance receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular messenger and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to results in a change in cellular activity involved in axon guidance.


response to bile acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.


(+)-kotanin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-kotanin.


FAD transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) from one side of a membrane to the other. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.


renal system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).


alcohol O-cinnamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose = beta-D-glucose + alkyl cinnamate.


stem cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell.


interleukin-1 production

The appearance of interleukin-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an AV node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


wall teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.


trisporic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trisporic acid.


cardiac myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels

Any process involved in the maintenance of internal levels of plasma lipoprotein particles within an organism.


RNA polymerase II promoter clearance

A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


abscisic aldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2 = abscisate + H2O2 + H+.


nicotinic acid receptor activity

Combining with nicotinic acid to initiate a change in cell activity.


choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + choline = acetylcholine + CoA.


kaempferol 3-sophoroside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyl(1->2)glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


labrum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the labrum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cardiac jelly development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac jelly over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac jelly is an acellular gelatinous matrix secreted by the myocardium and plays a central role in the septation of the heart.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.


GA5 2,3 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A5 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A6 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


cranial nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


sepiapterin deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sepiapterin + H2O = xanthopterin-B2 + NH3.


2-methylisocitrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = cis-2-methylaconitate + H2O.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate + NAD+ = (5Z,13E)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate + NADH + H+.


pigment biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.


positive regulation of wax biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 3-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 3-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.


detection of brassinosteroid stimulus

The series of events in which a brassinosteroid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


naphthalene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphthalene.


dimethylsilanediol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol.


renal potassium excretion

The elimination of potassium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


3'-tRNA processing endoribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing extra 3' nucleotides from tRNA precursor, generating 3' termini of tRNAs. A 3'-hydroxy group is left at the tRNA terminus and a 5'-phosphoryl group is left at the trailer molecule.


C-terminal protein demethylation

The removal of a methyl group from the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.


homoglutathione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanine + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


neural plate anterior/posterior regionalization

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the neural plate.


acetyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


female genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


thalianol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the triterpene thalianol.


exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 5'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 5'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


catalytic activity, acting on a glycoprotein

Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures in which one of the substrates is a glycoprotein.


L-glycol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-glycol + NAD(P)+ = a 2-hydroxycarbonyl compound + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: indol-3-ylmethylamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


RNA guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of an RNA molecule.


snRNA localization to Cajal body

The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid, to a Cajal body.


L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.


mitochondrial tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


jasmonyl-Ile conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonyl-Ile + H2O = jasmonic acid + L-isoleucine.


positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.


coniferin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + coniferin = D-glucose + coniferol.


L-tryptophan,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating, decarboxylating)

Catalyzes the multi-step reaction: L-Tryptophan + 2 Oxygen + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime + 3 H2O + 2 NADP+ + CO2. The individual reactions are: (1a) L-tryptophan + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O,(1b) N-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N,N-dihydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O, and (1c) N,N-dihydroxy-L-tryptophan = (E)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime + CO2 + H2O.


dorsal closure, amnioserosa morphology change

The changes that occur during dorsal closure of the shape and structure of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies the dorsal side of the embryo.


double-strand break repair via break-induced replication

The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome.


regulation of negative chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


fucose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).


negative regulation of anther dehiscence

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anther dehiscence.


pollen tube guidance

The process in which the growth of pollen tube is directed towards the female gametophyte.


protein sialylation

A protein modification process that results in the addition of a sialic acid unit to the end of an oligosaccharide chain in a glycoprotein.


coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H+ + O2 = 2 CO2 + 2 H2O + protoporphyrinogen IX.


modulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ATP + glycine = N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


cellular response to homocysteine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.


rRNA (cytosine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methylcytosine.


negative regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium

Attaching of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


negative regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of entry of bacterium into host cell.


medial fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. A medial fin is an unpaired fin of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


positive regulation of nervous system process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.


vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation

Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to interferon-beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.


lutein oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lutein + 2 O2 = 3-hydroxy-beta-ionone + 3-hydroxy-alpha-ionone + 4,9-dimethyldodeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenedial.


Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell outer membrane assembly

The assembly of an outer membrane of the type formed in Gram-negative bacteria. This membrane is enriched in polysaccharide and protein, and the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


phenolic phthiocerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenolic phthiocerol, a phthiocerol derivative having a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at the 29-position.


mitochondrion disassembly

The disaggregation of a mitochondrion into its constituent components.


invagination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The infolding of the epithelial sheet into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


establishment of secretory granule localization

The directed movement of a secretory granule to a specific location.


regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.


disruption of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which the symbiont organism interferes with cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to zinc ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


regulation of iridophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


regulation of intracellular signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.


spermine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of spermine from one side of a membrane to the other. Spermine is a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.


foam cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


positive regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.


CGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGU codon.


white fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


carnosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).


L-isoleucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-isoleucine.


hydroxy-nicotine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + hydrogen peroxide.


MHC class I protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


negative regulation of pro-T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.


epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epithelial cell within an open tracheal system regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Tracheal cells are set aside as 10 clusters of approximately 80 cells on each side of the embryo (termed tracheal placodes). An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


intermediate mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an intermediate mesoderm cell.


regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


negative regulation of egg-laying behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition.


anterior compartment pattern formation

The process giving rise to specification of cell identity in the anterior compartments of the segmented embryo.


ATPase-coupled phosphate ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphate(in).


creatinine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


replacement bone morphogenesis

The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of another structural tissue into bone.


selenium compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain selenium, such as selenocysteine.


S phase

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place.


tocopherol omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tocopherol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-tocopherol + NADP+ + H2O .


anterior cibarial plate development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior cibarial plate over time, from their formation to the mature structure.


columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a venous blood vessel endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a lymphatic endothelial cell.


sequestering of neurotransmitter

The process of binding or confining a neurotransmitter such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


diaphragm contraction

A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange.


post-embryonic hindgut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with chlorine atoms attached to positions 1, 2 and 4 of the ring. It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent in chemical manufacturing, in dyes and intermediates, dielectric fluid, synthetic transformer oils, lubricants, heat-transfer medium and insecticides.


negative regulation of chromosome separation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation.


1-phosphatidylinositol binding

Binding to a phosphatidylinositol, a glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


peptidyl-threonine palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a threonine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-threonine.


cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


negative regulation of response to salt stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + UDP-D-galactose = D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + H+ + UDP.


nucleotide-sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nucleotide-sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other.


kaempferol 3-gentiobioside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol-3-gentiobioside + UDP-L-rhamnose = H+ + kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis.


regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.


G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to extracellular adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to vasopressin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.


detoxification of free heme

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of free heme. These include transport of heme away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of heme.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + phosphatidate = diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol.


spermine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermine = 1,3-diaminopropane + H2O2 + N-(3-aminopropyl)-4-aminobutanal.


fimbrial usher porin activity

A porin that acts in the assembly of fimbria together with fimbrial chaperone.


palmitoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + palmitic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + palmitoyl-CoA.


isopenicillin-N synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 = 2 H2O + isopenicillin N.


inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.


Golgi localization

Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


cellular response to carbon dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.


cell projection morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized.


response to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fibroblast growth factor stimulus.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


hindbrain maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hindbrain to attain its fully functional state. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis.


phenylethylamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4'-O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-4-coumarate + H+ + UDP.


membrane assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane.


manganese peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Mn2+ + 2 H+ + hydrogen peroxide = 2 Mn3+ + 2 H2O.


cellular response to cell wall damage

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell wall damage. The process begins with detection of the damage and ends with a change in state or activity of the cell.


positive regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached.


flight behavior

The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air.


response to farnesol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a farnesol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoA + NADH + O2 + H+ = lesqueroloyl-CoA + NAD + H2O.


innate vocalization behavior

A vocalisation behavior that is innate, i.e. that does not need to be learned in order to occur.


2-enoate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoate + NAD+ = 2-butenoate + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.


regulation of mitotic centrosome separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis.


establishment of chromosome localization

The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location.


ferredoxin-NAD(P) reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 5-O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-glutamyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


muscle structure development

The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms.


negative regulation of shoot apical meristem development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.


toluene-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.


positive regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the transfer an alpha-D-glucosyl residue in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to the primary hydroxy group of glucose, free or combined in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.


ecdysone oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + O2 = 3-dehydroecdysone + H2O2.


sucrose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sucrose from one side of a membrane to the other. Sucrose is the disaccharide O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a sweet-tasting, non-reducing sugar isolated industrially from sugar beet or sugar cane.


cellular response to GW 7647

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a GW 7647 stimulus.


regulation of homocysteine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.


stachyose galactinol:verbascose galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: stachyose + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol <=> verbascose + myo-inositol.


regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


alpha-mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted.


cellular response to gastrin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.


chloroplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chloroplast.


Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine (ms2i6A).


arsenate reductase activity

Catalysis of the interconversion of arsenate and arsenite.


tryptophan catabolic process to catechol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including catechol.


methylselenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + CH3SeOH => NADP+ + CH3SeH + H2O.


dorsal cochlear nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


alpha-pinene monooxygenase [NADH] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + alpha-pinene oxide.


leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the leg imaginal disc, a precursor to the adult leg.


visceral mesoderm-endoderm interaction involved in midgut development

The process of cell-cell signaling between visceral mesoderm cells and endoderm cells that is involved in the differentiation of cells in the midgut.


proteolysis within endosome associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by endosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


intracellular sulfate ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sulfate ions within a cell.


protein geranylgeranylation

The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.


N-carbamoylputrescine amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoylputrescine + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + NH4 + putrescine.


photosynthetic electron transport chain

A process, occurring as part of photosynthesis, in which light provides the energy for a series of electron carriers to operate together to transfer electrons and generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.


regulation of vasculogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.


calcium-independent protein kinase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol but not calcium.


cellular response to histidine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.


positive regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.


melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with melanocyte-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


telomere localization

Any process in which a telomere is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.


envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = raffinose + myo-inositol.


arsenate reductase (donor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + arsenite + H2O = AH(2) + arsenate + 2 H+.


cellular response to blue light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


xanthophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthiopentyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 5-methylthiopentyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


aerobic respiration, using ammonia as electron donor

The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen; enzymatic reactions convert ammonia to hydrazine, and hydrazine to nitrite.


phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = NH4 + trans-cinnamate.


sesquiterpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.


complement component C3d receptor activity

Combining with the C3d product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


muscle thin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


cellular response to fluoride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + 2-oxopropanoate = pyruvate + beta-alanine.


anaphase-promoting complex binding

Binding to an anaphase-promoting complex. A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis.


negative regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


negative regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP-galactose = 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a very-low-density lipoprotein particle.


tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


piRNA binding

Binding to a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


B cell chemotaxis across high endothelial venule

The movement of a B cell to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.


Wnt signalosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Wnt signalosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + Renilla luciferin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + luciferyl sulfate.


regulation of gastrulation

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.


natural killer cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


chloroplast RNA processing

The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a chloroplast genome into one or more mature RNA molecules.


ecdysteroid 22-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 22.


glutamic-type peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.


signal transduction downstream of smoothened

The series of molecular signals that are initiated by the transmembrane protein Smoothened. In the presence of a Hedgehog signaling molecule, the Patched protein no longer inhibits the activity of Smoothened, and Smoothened signals via the Hedgehog signaling complex to activate downstream components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.


cellular homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.


negative regulation of thymine transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus.


catecholamine binding

Binding to catecholamine.


glutamine catabolic process to fumarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into other compounds, including fumarate.


extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity

A component of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.


regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system

Ensuring that tracheal cells form and maintain tubular structures with the correct size and shape for their position in the network. This is essential for efficient flow of gases through the tracheal network.


lipoic acid binding

Binding to lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid.


lycopene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lycopene.


trichome morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


regulation of T cell tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


gramicidin S catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gramicidin S.


proteoglycan sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + proteoglycan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + proteoglycan sulfate. A proteoglycan is a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.