octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane catabolic process to dimethylsilanediol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane into dimethylsilanediol. The former is a tetramer of the latter.


anaerobic organosilicon metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the absence of oxygen.


protein localization to nuclear pore

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a nuclear pore.


protein localization to nuclear envelope

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within a nuclear envelope.


protein localization to nuclear inner membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nuclear inner membrane.


protein-glutamic acid ligase activity, elongating

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalytic reaction :(L-glutamyl)n-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + ATP + L-glutamate = (L-glutamyl)n+1-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + ADP + H(+) + phosphate.


protein-glutamic acid ligase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to a specific residue on a target protein.


tubulin-glutamic acid ligase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamate residues to the gamma-carboxyl group(s) of one or more specific glutamate residues on a tubulin molecule.


protein-glutamic acid ligase activity, initiating

Catalytic reaction: ATP + L-glutamate + L-glutamyl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + phosphate.


ribosomal protein S6 glutamate-glutamate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP + a [protein] C-terminal L-glutamate = ADP + hydrogenphosphate + H+ + a [protein] with C-terminal alpha-L-glutamate-alpha-L-glutamate.


ribosomal S6-glutamic acid ligase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glutamic acid residues to the C-terminus of ribosomal protein S6.


development of primary female sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structure. The primary female sexual characteristics are the ovaries, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.


HFE-transferrin receptor complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A protein complex containing at least HFE and a transferrin receptor (either TFR1/TFRC or TFR2), proposed to play a role in the sensing of transferrin-bound Fe (Fe2-Tf) on the plasma membrane to regulate hepcidin transcription.


ABC-type heme transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + heme(in) = ADP + phosphate + heme(out).


deactivation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint

A positive regulation of the mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition that results from deactivation of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint.


positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation

Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis.


positive regulation of mitotic spindle elongation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation.


Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of negative regulation of mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.


positive regulation of mitotic spindle elongation (spindle phase three)

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic anaphase B (spindle phase three).


A protein complex that catalyzes decarboxylation of 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine to yield 4'-phosphopantetheine; this is the third step in the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A. The complex is homotrimeric in many eukaryotes, but is a heterotrimer in Saccharomyces.


negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


carotenoid isomerase activity

Catalysis of the isomerization of poly-cis-carotenoids to all-trans-carotenoids.


elongator holoenzyme complex

A heterohexameric protein complex composed two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes that is involved in modification of wobble nucleosides in tRNA.


uredinium development

The process that leads to the formation of a uredinium, a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit (Influenza A virus)

An influenzavirus RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit that is a translation product of the PB1 gene in Influenza A virus. Members of this class are disposed to have the enzymatic activity described by EC 2.7.7.48.


ocellus pigment metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.


ommochrome catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.


ocellus pigment catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.


ommochrome biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.


ocellus pigment biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ocellus pigments, general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.


ommochrome metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.


negative regulation of spore-bearing organ development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process in which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.


negative regulation of telium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


negative regulation of aecium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.


negative regulation of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction.


negative regulation of oogonium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.


negative regulation of sporangium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.


negative regulation of conidiophore development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore. The conidiophore is a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and bears conidia, or asexual spores.


negative regulation of oomycete sporangium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.


negative regulation of cleistothecium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


negative regulation of basidium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.


negative regulation of zygosporangium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.


negative regulation of ascus development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.


negative regulation of sporangium germination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination.


negative regulation of phialide development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.


negative regulation of uredinium development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


parathyroid gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone.


cyclin D2-CDK6 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


serine/threonine protein kinase complex

A protein complex which is capable of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.


carboxy-terminal domain protein kinase complex

A protein complex that phosphorylates amino acid residues of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain repeats; phosphorylation occurs mainly on Ser2 and Ser5.


cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are enzyme complexes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner.


cyclin D3-CDK4 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin B3-CDK2 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin B3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


transforming growth factor beta ligand-receptor complex

A protein complex that is formed by the association of a TGF-beta dimeric ligand with 2 molecules of each receptor molecule, TGF-beta type I receptor and TGF-beta type II receptor. The receptor molecules may form homo- or heterodimers but only once bound by the ligand.


activin receptor complex

A protein complex that acts as an activin receptor. Heterodimeric activin receptors, comprising one Type I activin receptor and one Type II receptor polypeptide, and heterotrimeric receptors have been observed.


P-TEFb complex

A dimeric positive transcription elongation factor complex b that comprises a cyclin-dependent kinase containing the catalytic subunit, Cdk9, and a regulatory subunit, cyclin T.


protein kinase 5 complex

A protein complex that has protein serine/threonine kinase activity; in mammals composed of catalytic subunit CDK5 and regulatory subunits CDK5R1 or CDK5R2. Contrary to its gene symbol, CDK5 is not cyclin-dependent.


cyclin/CDK positive transcription elongation factor complex

A transcription elongation factor complex that facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD domain of the large subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme. Contains a cyclin and a cyclin-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit.


Dbf4-dependent protein kinase complex

A heterodimeric protein complex required for the activation of DNA replication origins; comprises a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (in Saccharomyces, Cdc7p and Dbf4p, respectively); complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins related to the Saccharomyces proteins.


Gin4 complex

A protein complex involved in septin ring formation during mitosis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae it consists of BNI5, CDC3, CDC10, CDC11, CDC12, GIN4, NAP1 and SHS1. At least 2 GIN4 molecules are involved.


Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex

A protein complex consisting of Atg1 (or Atg1 homologs e.g. ULK1, ULK2 in mammals) and Atg13 along with other proteins that regulate its function (e.g. Atg17 in yeast or RB1CC1(FIP200) in mammals). This complex has serine/threonine protein kinase activity and is involved in autophagosome formation.


protein kinase CK2 complex

A protein complex that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and contains two catalytic alpha subunits and two regulatory beta subunits. Protein kinase CK2 complexes are found in nearly every subcellular compartment, and can phosphorylate many protein substrates in addition to casein.


nuclear cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the nucleus.


DAPK1-calmodulin complex

A serine/threonine protein kinase complex involved in cell survival, apoptosis and autophagic cell death pathways. DAPK1 is activated by the dephosphorylation of a n-terminal serine and calcium-calmodulin binding.


cyclin D1-CDK6 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


Ire1 complex

A type-I transmembrane protein complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consisting of an IRE1-IRE1 dimer, which forms in response to the accumulation of unfolded protein in the ER. The dimeric complex has endoribonuclease (RNase) activity and evokes the unfolded protein response (UPR) by cleaving an intron of a mRNA coding for the transcription factor HAC1 in yeast or XBP1 in mammals; the complex cleaves a single phosphodiester bond in each of two RNA hairpins (with non-specific base paired stems and loops of consensus sequence CNCNNGN, where N is any base) to remove an intervening intron from the target transcript.


cyclin A1-CDK2 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin A1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex

An enzyme complex, composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits, that catalyzes protein phosphorylation. Inactive forms of the enzyme have two regulatory chains and two catalytic chains; activation by cAMP produces two active catalytic monomers and a regulatory dimer.


cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex

A cyclin-dependent kinase activating kinase complex capable of activating cyclin-dependent kinases by threonine phosphorylation, thus regulating cell cycle progression. consists of a kinase, cyclin and optional assembly factors, in human CDK7, CCNH and MNAT1. CAK activity is itself regulated throughout the cell cycle by T-loop phosphorylation of its kinase component (CDK7 in human). Phosphorylation of serine residues during mitosis inactivates the enzyme. Also capable of CAK phosphorylating the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II and other transcription activating proteins, as part of the general transcription factor TFIIH.


MPF complex

A complex consisting of a Cdc2-class (also known as Cdc28) cyclin-dependent kinase and an M-phase cyclin such as S. pombe Cdc13. The MPF complex phosphorylates and activates the anaphase promoting complex (APC).


cyclin K-CDK13 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (CDK13). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin E2-CDK2 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin E2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin A1-CDK1 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin A1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


DNA-dependent protein kinase complex

A protein complex that is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku.


PAR polarity complex

A protein kinase complex that is required for the establishment of a cell polarity axis during the cell division cycle. Binds directly to activated CDC42 GTPase and is required for orchestrating a cellular gradient of CDC42. In S. cerevisiae components are: BEM1, CDC24 and CLA4; from worms to vertebrates it contains a PAR6 protein, PAR3 protein and an atypical PKC.


CTDK-1 complex

A positive transcription elongation factor complex that comprises the CDK kinase CTK1 (in budding yeast), Lsk1 (in fission yeast) (corresponding to the Panther PTHR24056:SF39 family), a cyclin and an additional gamma subunit (corresponding to the InterPRO entry IPR024638).


cyclin A2-CDK2 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


CKM complex

Cyclin-dependent kinase complex which reversibly associates with the Mediator complex. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae it consists of SSN2, SSN3, SSN8 and SRB8.


cyclin B1-CDK1 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


IkappaB kinase complex

A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


transcription factor TFIIH holo complex

A complex that is capable of kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. It is composed of the core TFIIH complex and the TFIIK complex.


cyclin D1-CDK4 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cytoplasmic cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex

Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the cytoplasm.


Pho85-Pho80 CDK-cyclin complex

A cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) complex that contains a kinase subunit and a regulatory cyclin subunit. An example of this complex in budding yeast S. cerevisiae consists of the Pho85 kinase and the Pho80 cyclin.


cyclin D3-CDK6 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin D3 and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


ABIN2-NFKB1-MAP3K8 complex

A protein complex that contains the precursor form of NF-kappaB (p105), the NF-kappaB inhibitor ABIN-2, and the kinase TPL-2 (MAP3K8); the complex stabilizes TPL-2 and is involved in signaling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.


cyclin B2-CDK1 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin B2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


phosphorylase kinase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b to form phosphorylase a.


cyclin K-CDK12 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin A2-CDK1 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin D2-CDK4 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


cyclin E1-CDK2 complex

A protein complex consisting of cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.


tRNA demethylation

The removal of a methyl group from one or more residues within a tRNA molecule.


erythromycin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of erythromycin.


polyketide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.


F-9775A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F-9775A.


granaticin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of granaticin.


fonsecin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fonsecin.


F-9775B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F-9775B.


averantin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of averantin.


oxytetracycline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxytetracycline.


peptidyl-histidine hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-hydroxyhistidine.


cellular response to inositol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inositol stimulus.


3'-deoxyribose phosphate lyase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of a 3'-deoxyribose phosphate in DNA to a 3'-phosphate.


mammary gland cord morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland cord are generated and organized. Mammary gland cords form when the mammary gland bud invades the mammary fat.


neuronal dense core vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a neuronal dense core vesicle.


quercitrin binding

Binding to quercitrin.


CHOP-ATF3 complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that is composed of CHOP (C/EBP homology protein, GADD153) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3) subunits.


negative regulation of tooth mineralization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


regulation of biomineral tissue development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.


positive regulation of shell calcification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.


negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


regulation of bone mineralization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


negative regulation of enamel mineralization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


negative regulation of biomineral tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.


regulation of shell calcification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.


negative regulation of shell calcification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shell calcification.


positive regulation of tooth mineralization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


positive regulation of bone mineralization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


positive regulation of biomineral tissue development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.


regulation of tooth mineralization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.


negative regulation of bone mineralization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.


positive regulation of enamel mineralization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


regulation of enamel mineralization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = (1->3)-alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.


olfactory lobe development

The progression of the olfactory lobe over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory lobe is the area of the brain that process the neural inputs for the sense of smell.


endonucleolytic cleaveage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavages between the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. These cleavages liberate tRNAs from the polycistronic transcript as well as separating the SSU and LSU containing transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


gallate catabolic process via gallate dioxygenase activity

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, where the first step is the conversion of gallate to (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate catalyzed by gallate dioxygenase.


aerobic gallate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the presence of oxygen.


gallate catabolic process via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, via the intermediate 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate.


chalcone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


hexadecanal metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde.


hexadecanal biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde.


plasma membrane-derived photosystem I

A protein complex located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid. The photosystem functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. Examples of this complex are found in bacterial species.


negative regulation of TORC2 signaling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.


regulation of TORC2 signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.


positive regulation of TORC2 signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TORC2 signaling.


Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

An E3 ubiquitin ligase complex localized to the ER and Golgi membrane. In fission yeast comprises Dsc1, 2, 3 and 4. Involved in the processes of fission yeast sre1 (human SREBP) transcriptional activator proteolytic cleavage, the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway, and a post-endoplasmic reticulum pathway for protein catabolism.


non-intein-mediated protein splicing

The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence, by a process not involving inteins.


internal genitalia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the internal genitalia are generated and organized. The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + cadaverine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + N-(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine.


hyaluronan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


glycosaminoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.


peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via N6-mureinyl-L-lysine

The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via the epsilon amino group of lysine to the diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.


peptidoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found only in bacterial cell walls and consisting of strands of glycosaminoglycan cross-linked by oligopeptides to form a huge and rigid network.


keratan sulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.


peptidoglycan turnover

The continual breakdown and regeneration of peptidoglycan required to maintain the cell wall.


galactosaminoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.


mucopolysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucopolysaccharide.


peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-threonyl-pentaglycyl-murein

The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal threonine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.


chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


chondroitin sulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. They usually occur linked to a protein to form proteoglycans. Two subgroups exist, one in which the sulfate is on the 4-position (chondroitin sulfate A) and the second in which it is in the 6-position (chondroitin sulfate C). They often are polydisperse and often differ in the degree of sulfation from tissue to tissue. The chains of repeating disaccharide are covalently linked to the side chains of serine residues in the polypeptide backbone of a protein by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide unit galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl. Chondroitin sulfate B is more usually known as dermatan sulfate.


heparin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells. They are similar to heparan sulfates but are of somewhat higher average Mr (6000-20000) and contain fewer N-acetyl groups and more N-sulfate and O-sulfate groups; they may be attached in the same manner to protein, forming proteoglycans. They consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.


hyaluronan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.


keratan sulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.


glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.


peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-alanyl-pentaglycyl-murein

The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal alanine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.


peptide cross-linking via chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan

The formation of a cross-link between peptide chains mediated by a chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan that originates from a typical O-glycosidic link to serine of one chain; the other chain is esterified, via the alpha-carbon of its C-terminal Asp, to C-6 of an internal N-acetylgalactosamine of the glycosaminoglycan chain.


protein-chondroitin sulfate linkage via chondroitin sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

Chondroitin sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.


peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking

The process of covalently linking peptidoglycan (murein) to proteins.


myelin sheath adaxonal region

The region of the myelin sheath nearest to the axon.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-beta-L-galactose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = beta-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-glucose.


saccharopine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + O2 = L-2-aminoadipic 6-semialdehyde + L-glutamate + H2O2.


cAMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


polygalacturonase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosiduronic linkages in pectate and other galacturonans.


non-replicative DNA transposition

Process by which a transposable element is excised from the donor site and integrated at the target site without replication of the element. Also referred to as cut-and-paste transposition.


replicative DNA transposition

Process of transposition in which the existing element is replicated and one of the copies is excised and integrated at a new target site. Also referred to as copy-and-paste transposition.


A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Unc13b (or orthologs thereof).


cellular response to iron(II) ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.


regulation of chemorepellent activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.


negative regulation of chemorepellent activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.


positive regulation of chemorepellent activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemorepellent activity.


Notch receptor processing

The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor.


mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit

The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome.


secretory dimeric IgA immunoglobulin complex

A dimeric form of secretory IgA immunoglobulin complex.


ventricular system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain ventricular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain ventricular system consists of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. These cavities include two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles and is produced by the choroid plexus.


negative regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.


L-methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine.


photosystem I antenna complex

The antenna complex of photosystem I. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).


salt aversion

The specific avoidance actions or reactions of an organism in response to the perception of salt.


feeding behavior

Behavior associated with the intake of food.


suckling behavior

Specific behavior of a newborn or infant mammal that results in the derivation of nourishment from the breast.


larval feeding behavior

Feeding behavior in a larval (immature) organism.


drinking behavior

The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water.


eating behavior

The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.


reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess

An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients.


adult feeding behavior

Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.


pharyngeal pumping

The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes.


conditioned taste aversion

A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus.


angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior

The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(5-hydroxyvalerate).


The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(hydroxyalkanoate).


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyvalerate).


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(5-hydroxyvalerate).


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.


poly(hydroxyvalerate) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(hydroxyvalerate).


The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(3-hydroxyvalerate).


poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process from glucose

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) from glucose.


poly-hydroxybutyrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.


poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process from fatty acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) from fatty acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyvalerate).


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate).


telomeric D-loop binding

Binding to a telomeric D-loop. A telomeric D-loop is a three-stranded DNA displacement loop that forms at the site where the telomeric 3' single-stranded DNA overhang (formed of the repeat sequence TTAGGG in mammals) is tucked back inside the double-stranded component of telomeric DNA molecule, thus forming a t-loop or telomeric-loop and protecting the chromosome terminus.


detection of triacyl bacterial lipopeptide

The series of events in which a triacylated bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Triacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.


detection of external biotic stimulus

The series of events in which an external biotic stimulus is detected and converted into a molecular signal. An external biotic stimulus is defined as one caused or produced by a living organism other than the one being stimulated.


detection of parasitic plant

The series of events in which a stimulus from a parasitic plant is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of fungus

The series of events in which a stimulus from a fungus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of peptidoglycan

The series of events in which a peptidoglycan stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.


detection of symbiont

The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiont (an organism living in close physical association with an organism of a different species) is received and converted into a molecular signal. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


detection of lipopolysaccharide

The series of events in which a lipopolysaccharide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.


detection of bacterial lipoprotein

The series of events in which a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Bacterial lipoproteins are lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).


detection of bacterial lipopeptide

The series of events in which a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of molecule of fungal origin

The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of fungal origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of yeast

The series of events in which a stimulus from a yeast is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of other organism

The series of events in which a stimulus from another organism is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

The series of events in which a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Diacylated bacterial lipoproteins are lipopeptides of bacterial origin containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of two acyl groups.


detection of symbiotic bacterium

The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of bacterium

The series of events in which a stimulus from a bacterium is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of protozoan

The series of events in which a stimulus from a protozoan is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of molecule of oomycetes origin

The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of oomycetes origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of nematode

The series of events in which a stimulus from a nematode is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of muramyl dipeptide

The series of events in which a muramyl dipeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.


detection of lipoteichoic acid

The series of events in which a lipoteichoic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


detection of host

The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of its host via physical or chemical signals. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


detection of molecule of bacterial origin

The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of bacterial origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of oomycetes

The series of events in which a stimulus from an oomycetes is received and converted into a molecular signal.


detection of insect

The series of events in which a stimulus from an insect is received and converted into a molecular signal.


polyketide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.


fonsecin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fonsecin.


aspyridone A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspyridone A.


mevastatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mevastatin , also known as compactin or ML-236B, and which acts as a potent competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.


erythromycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythromycin.


fumigermin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumigermin, an alpha-pyrone secondary metabolite found in some species of fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus.


oxytetracycline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxytetracycline.


zearalenone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zearalenone, a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species, is most commonly found as a contaminant in stored grain and has chronic estrogenic effects on mammals.


tetracycline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dihydroxy naphthalene (DHN)-melanin.


averantin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of averantin.


(M)-viriditoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (M)-viriditoxin, a fungal secondary metabolite with antibacterial activity.


granaticin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granaticin.


ilicicolin H biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ilicicolin H, a 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloid that has potent and broad antifungal activities by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiration chain.


aspyridone B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspyridone B.


epothilone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of epothilone, a drug obtained from the myxobacteria Sporangium cellulosum that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer.


ansamycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of ansamycins, any of a group of complex macrolactam compounds characterized by a cyclic structure in which an aliphatic ansa chain forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of a cyclic p-system; many exhibit antibacterial, antifungal or antitumor activity.


F-9775A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of F-9775A.


patulin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of patulin, an acetate-derived tetraketide mycotoxin produced by several fungal species that shows antimicrobial properties against several bacteria.


macrolide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of macrolides, any of a large group of polyketide compounds that contain a large lactone ring with few or no double bonds and no nitrogen atoms, linked glycosidically to one or more sugar groups. The macrolides include the carbomycins, the erythromycins, oleandomycin, oligomycins, and the spiramycins, and act as antibiotics, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria.


mRNA branch site recognition

Recognition of the pre-mRNA branch site sequence by components of the assembling spliceosome.


adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle relaxation

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway that contributes to a reduction in cardiac muscle contraction. Beta-adrenergic receptor-induced cardiac relaxation is achieved by a GPCR-activated adenylate cyclase generating cAMP; cAMP then activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane protein PLB. In its non-phosphorylated state, PLB acts as an inhibitor of the ATPase Ca(2+) pump of the cardiac SR (SERCA2a); inhibition of the pump is relieved upon phosphorylation. The pump removes Ca(2+) from the cytoplasm, thereby preventing cytosolic Ca(2+)-dependent activation of contractile proteins, leading to enhanced muscle relaxation.


adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

The series of molecular signals beginning with a G protein-coupled adrenergic cell surface receptor combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine, to activate adenylate cyclase, which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of heart rate

An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway that contributes to an increase in frequency or rate of heart contraction. Binding of adrenalin or noradrenalin to a beta-adrenergic receptor on the surface of the signal-receiving cell results in the activation of an intracellular Gs protein. Gs activates adenylate cyclase to increase intracellular cyclic-AMP (cAMP) levels. cAMP binds directly to F-channels to allow an inward flow of sodium (known as funny current, or If current). The funny current is responsible for membrane depolarization and an increase in heart rate.


adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of heart rate

An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway that contributes to an increase in frequency or rate of cardiac muscle contraction through phosphorylation and enhancement of the ryanodine receptor, a calcium-activated calcium-release channel found in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. An adrenergic receptor-activated adenylate cyclase generates cAMP. cAMP then activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates the ryanodine receptor (RyR). PKA-phosphorylation of RyR enhances channel activity by sensitizing the channel to cytosolic calcium. Cytosolic calcium stimulates contractile proteins to promote muscle contraction.


positive regulation of microtubule plus-end binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.


positive regulation of protein binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.


positive regulation of microtubule minus-end binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule minus-end binding.


positive regulation of receptor binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.


positive regulation of substance P receptor binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.


positive regulation of microtubule binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.


positive regulation of cytokine activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.


positive regulation of apolipoprotein binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.


positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.


positive regulation of actin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.


positive regulation of actin filament binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.


positive regulation of transferrin receptor binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.


positive regulation of C-C chemokine binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine binding.


positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding.


positive regulation of protein homodimerization activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.


positive regulation of small GTPase binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase binding.


positive regulation of growth hormone activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.


response to symbiotic bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.


cell trailing edge

The area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.


amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process

The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by cell surface receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by intracellular degradation.


mitochondrial mRNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an mRNA molecule that derives from the mitochondrial genome.


negative regulation of conidium formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


response to cytokinesis checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cytokinesis checkpoint signaling.


regulation of ascospore wall chitin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ascospore wall chitin.


phagophore assembly site membrane

A cellular membrane associated with the phagophore assembly site.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H imidazole-5-carboxylate + H+ = S-allantoin + CO2.


negative regulation of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly. Formin-nucleated actin cable assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.


negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.


negative regulation of stress fiber assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.


isoamylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages in glycogen, amylopectin and their beta-limits dextrins.


noradrenergic neuron fate commitment involved in brainstem development

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: lactate (out) + H+ (out) = lactate (in) + H+ (in).


lactate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lactate from one side of a membrane to the other. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.


peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-phenylalanine

The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-phenylalanine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-phenylalanine.


negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.


negative regulation of stem cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.


protein

An amino acid chain that is produced de novo by ribosome-mediated translation of a genetically-encoded mRNA, and any derivatives thereof.


influenzavirus neuraminidase

A protein that is a translation product of the Influenza A virus (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1) NA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Neuraminidase is an exo-alpha-sialidase on the surface of some viruses that enables the virus to be released from the host cell.


spike protein S2 (SARS-CoV-2)

A spike glycoprotein, signal peptide removed form (SARS-CoV-2) that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage to yield the C-terminal portion. UniProtKB:P0DTC2, 686-1273.


influenzavirus matrix protein 2

An influenzavirus M gene translation product that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P06821 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


ORF7a protein, signal peptide removed form (SARS-CoV-2)

An ORF7a protein (SARS-CoV-2) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P0DTC7, 16-121.


PA gene translation product (Influenza A virus (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1))

An influenzavirus PA gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of the H1N1 strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934.


hemagglutinin subtype H18 (Influenza A virus)

A hemagglutinin (Influenza A virus) that is expressed on the surface of Influenza A virus and has similar antigenic properties, i.e., it will be neutralized by a similar set of antibodies. Example: UniProtKB:U5N1D3.


neuraminidase subtype N1 (Influenza A virus)

A neuraminidase (Influenza A virus) that is expressed on the surface of Influenza A virus and has similar antigenic properties, i.e., it will be neutralized by a similar set of antibodies. Example: UniProtKB:Q9IGQ6.


A DNA restriction-modification system protein that serves to cleave DNA left unprotected by a DNA restriction-modification methylase.


M gene translation product (Influenza A virus (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1))

An influenzavirus M gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of the H1N1 strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934.


polymerase acidic protein isoform PA-X (Influenza B virus (strain B/Lee/1940))

A polymerase acidic protein (Influenza B virus (strain B/Lee/1940)) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9QLI9-2.


DNA restriction-modification system protein

A protein that is involved in a defense process that protects the organism from invading foreign DNA by cleaving it with a restriction endonuclease. The organism's own DNA is protected by methylation of a specific nucleotide, which occurs immediately following replication, in the same target site as the restriction enzyme.


influenzavirus nucleoprotein

A protein that is a translation product of the Influenza A virus (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1) NP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


influenzavirus hemagglutinin

A protein that is a translation product of the Influenza A virus (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1) HA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


envelope glycoprotein gp120 N-glycosylated 1 (Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate JRCSF))

An HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 N-glycosylated 1 in Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate JRCSF). UniProtKB:P20871, 31-503, Asn-195/Asn-228/Asn-239/Asn-260/Asn-293/Asn-299/Asn-329/Asn-336/Asn-382/Asn-388/Asn-392, MOD:00160.


HIV env gene translation product

A protein that is a translation product of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB2) env gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


hepadnavirus-type C gene translation product

A protein that is a translation product of the Duck hepatitis B virus (isolate Shanghai/DHBVQCA34) C gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


influenzavirus polymerase basic protein 2

A protein that is a translation product of the Influenza A virus PB2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PB2 is a component of the influenzavirus RNA polymerase which has a role in role in transcription initiation and cap-stealing mechanism.


neuraminidase subtype N6 (Influenza A virus)

A neuraminidase (Influenza A virus) that is expressed on the surface of Influenza A virus and has similar antigenic properties, i.e., it will be neutralized by a similar set of antibodies. Example: UniProtKB:Q6XV27.


influenzavirus M gene translation product

A protein that is a translation product of the Influenza A virus M gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


lentivirus-type gag-pol polyprotein

A chimeric protein that is a translation product of a ribosomal frameshift between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB2) gag and pol genes, or 1:1 orthologs thereof.


NS gene translation product (Influenza A virus (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1))

An influenzavirus NS gene translation product that is encoded in the genome of the H1N1 strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934.


DNA restriction-modification methylase

A DNA restriction-modification system protein that serves to protect DNA from cleavage by a DNA restriction-modification endonuclease.


hepadnavirus-type capsid protein

A hepadnavirus-type C gene translation product that initiated at the downstream (core) initiator codon. Example: UniProtKB:P03146.


envelope glycoprotein gp120 glycosylated 1 (Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate ARV2/SF2))

An HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 N-glycosylated 1 in Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate ARV2/SF2). UniProtKB:P03378, 32-509, Asn-200/Asn-233/Asn-244/Asn-265/Asn-298/Asn-304/Asn-334/Asn-341/Asn-388/Asn-394/Asn-400, MOD:00160.


chimeric protein

A protein that is a translation product of a fusion of two genes.


neuraminidase (Influenza A virus)

An influenzavirus neuraminidase that is a translation product of the NA gene in Influenza A virus.


neuraminidase (Influenza B virus)

An influenzavirus neuraminidase that is a translation product of the NA gene in Influenza B virus.


hemagglutinin subtype H1 (Influenza A virus)

A hemagglutinin (Influenza A virus) that is expressed on the surface of Influenza A virus and has similar antigenic properties, i.e., it will be neutralized by a similar set of antibodies. Example: UniProtKB:P03452.


Influenza A virus protein

A protein that is encoded in the genome of Influenza A virus.


influenzavirus RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit

A protein that is a translation product of the Influenza A virus PB1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PB1 is a component of the influenzavirus RNA polymerase which has a role in role in transcription initiation and cap-stealing mechanism. PB1 is responsible for replication and transcription of virus RNA segments.


hepadnavirus-type e antigen

A hepadnavirus-type C gene translation product that initiated at the upstream (precore) initiator codon. Example: UniProtKB:P0C573.


ORF8 protein, signal peptide removed form (SARS-CoV-2)

An ORF8 protein (SARS-CoV-2) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P0DTC8, 16-121.


influenzavirus NS gene translation product

A protein that is a translation product of the Influenza A virus NS gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


nucleoprotein (Influenza A virus)

An influenzavirus nucleoprotein that is a translation product of the NP gene in Influenza A virus.


hemagglutinin subtype H13 (Influenza A virus)

A hemagglutinin (Influenza A virus) that is expressed on the surface of Influenza A virus and has similar antigenic properties, i.e., it will be neutralized by a similar set of antibodies. Example: UniProtKB:P13103.


viral protein

A protein that is encoded in the genome of some virus.


influenzavirus PA gene translation product

A protein that is a translation product of the Influenza A virus PA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


influenzavirus non-structural protein 1

An influenzavirus NS gene translation product that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P03496 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


spike glycoprotein, signal peptide removed form (SARS-CoV-2)

A spike glycoprotein (SARS-CoV-2) that has had the signal peptide removed. UniProtKB:P0DTC2, 13-1273.


hemagglutinin subtype H17 (Influenza A virus)

A hemagglutinin (Influenza A virus) that is expressed on the surface of Influenza A virus and has similar antigenic properties, i.e., it will be neutralized by a similar set of antibodies. Example: UniProtKB:H6QM93.


matrix protein 2 (Influenza A virus)

An influenzavirus matrix protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of Influenza A virus.


spike protein S1 (SARS-CoV-2)

A spike glycoprotein, signal peptide removed form (SARS-CoV-2) that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage to yield the N-terminal portion. UniProtKB:P0DTC2, 13-685.


protein polypeptide chain

A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome.


hemagglutinin (Influenza A virus)

An influenzavirus hemagglutinin that is a translation product of the HA gene in Influenza A virus.


severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 protein

A protein that is encoded in the genome of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.


polymerase basic protein 2 (Influenza A virus)

An influenzavirus polymerase basic protein 2 that is a translation product of the PB2 gene in Influenza A virus.


polymerase acidic protein isoform PA (Influenza B virus (strain B/Lee/1940))

A polymerase acidic protein (Influenza B virus (strain B/Lee/1940)) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9QLI9-1.


influenza A virus polymerase acidic protein

An influenzavirus PA gene translation product that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P03433 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof in influenza A virus.


spike protein S2' (SARS-CoV-2)

A spike protein S2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has been further processed by proteolytic cleavage to yield the C-terminal portion. UniProtKB:P0DTC2, 816-1273.


lentivirus-type gag polyprotein

A protein that is a translation product of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate HXB2) gag gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


protein

A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome.


influenzavirus nuclear export protein

An influenzavirus NS gene translation product that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P03508 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


sensory system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure.


system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.


parasympathetic nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parasympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.


central nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


immune system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.


stomatogastric nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatogastric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lung vasculature development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs.


urogenital system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


renal system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels.


cerebellum vasculature development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


circulatory system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.


pharyngeal system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear.


respiratory system development

The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange.


root system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


digestive system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


male genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


open tracheal system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


embryonic skeletal joint development

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal joints over time, from formation to mature structure.


shoot system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the shoot system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


preganglionic parasympathetic fiber development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a preganglionic parasympathetic fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A preganglionic parasympathetic fiber is a cholinergic axonal fiber projecting from the CNS to a parasympathetic ganglion.


reproductive shoot system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a reproductive shoot system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


enteric nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation.


inflorescence development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inflorescence over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


retina vasculature development in camera-type eye

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


peripheral nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.


exocrine system development

Progression of the exocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The exocrine system is a system of hormones and glands, where the glands secrete straight to a target site via ducts or tubes. The human exocrine system includes the salivary glands, sweat glands and many glands of the digestive system.


renal system vasculature development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of vasculature of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


reproductive system development

The progression of the reproductive system over time from its formation to the mature structure. The reproductive system consists of the organs that function in reproduction.


skeletal system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).


kidney vasculature development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


electrosensory lateral line system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the electrosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


autonomic nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the autonomic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands.


somatic sensory system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatic sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic sensory system is the sensory system for the sense of touch and pain.


vasculature development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism.


mechanosensory lateral line system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mechanosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mechanosensory lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.


nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.


flower development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The flower is the reproductive structure in a plant, and its development begins with the transition of the vegetative or inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem.


embryonic skeletal system development

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


visual system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visual system over time, from its formation to the mature structure, including the eye, parts of the central nervous system (CNS) involved in processing of visual inputs, and connecting nerve pathways.


postganglionic parasympathetic fiber development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the postganglionic portion of the parasympathetic fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic fiber is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.


sympathetic nervous system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter.


lateral line system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line system is a network of sensory organs (neuromasts) and lateral line nerves located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.


endocrine system development

Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes.


hepaticobiliary system development

The progression of the hepaticobiliary system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins.


shoot regeneration

The regeneration process by which a damaged or lost shoot regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to produce a new shoot meristem and subsequently a new shoot.


anterior lateral line system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated between the eye and the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the anterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The anterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians and are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project to the hindbrain. The anterior lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.


germ cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.


oogenesis

The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.


oocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


spermatid development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


tube lumen cavitation

The formation of a lumen by hollowing out a solid rod or cord.


salivary gland cavitation

The process in which the solid core of salivary epithelium gives rise to the hollow tube of the gland.


mammary gland duct cavitation

Creation of the central hole of the mammary gland duct by the hollowing out of a solid rod.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP (cGMP).


positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling involved in cellular response to calcium ion

Any positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling that is involved in cellular response to calcium ion.


pheromone binding

Binding to a pheromone, a substance, or characteristic mixture of substances, that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.


collagen fibril binding

Binding to a collagen fibril.


positive regulation of intracellular mRNA localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular mRNA localization.


positive regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.


23S rRNA (guanine(745)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(745) in 23S rRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(745) in 23S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


L-alanine biosynthetic process via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, via the intermediate ornithine.


L-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


L-alanine biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine from other compounds, including pyruvate.


viral head-tail joining

Process by which virus heads and tails are attached to each other.


positive regulation of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a change in membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a cardiomyocyte.


regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.