L-DOPA receptor activity

Combining with L-DOPA to initiate a change in cell activity. L-DOPA is the modified amino acid (2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, and is the precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine.


mitral valve morphogenesis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which the structure of the mitral valve is generated and organized.


regulation of connective tissue replacement

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.


rhythmic excitation

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of wound healing

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in positive regulation of wound healing.


electroception

The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Many fish possess an electroception sense; for example, the electric eel uses low voltage pulses of electricity for navigation and prey location.


negative regulation of renal output by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of natriuresis and diuresis in the kidney.


positive regulation of otic vesicle morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of otic vesicle morphogenesis.


rhamnose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.


dichloromethane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dichloromethane, a dichlorinated derivative of methane. It is a colorless organic liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor, often used as a paint remover.


envenomation resulting in pore formation in membrane of another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism.


gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


phospholipase C-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway which proceeds with inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity and a subsequent decrease in the levels of cellular inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).


chorion development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chorion from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The chorion is an extraembryonic membrane.


membrane depolarization during bundle of His cell action potential

The process in which bundle of His cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acid.


mesonephric distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric distal tubule is a mesonephric nephron tubule that begins at the terminal segment of the proximal tubule and ends at the mesonephric connecting tubule.


positive regulation of taurine biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of taurine biosynthesis.


regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition

Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.


histone H3-K4 monomethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of one methyl group to lysine at position 4 of the histone.


naphtho-gamma-pyrone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphtho-gamma-pyrone.


5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.


carnitine O-acetyltransferase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + carnitine = (R)-O-acetylcarnitine + CoA.


DNA clamp unloading

The process of removing the PCNA complex from DNA when Okazaki fragments are completed or the replication fork terminates.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDE; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU.


tRNA wobble guanine modification

The process in which a guanine in t position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


cytolysis

The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.


homoserine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.


specification of nephron tubule identity

The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the nephron acquire their identity.


perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + perillyl alcohol = H+ + NADH + perillyl aldehyde.


somatic recombination of T cell receptor gene segments

The process in which T cell receptor genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as T cell receptor gene segments.


klinokinesis

The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior is altered.


organosulfide cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving dimethyl sulfide, methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide. Dimethylsulfoxide can also be converted to dimethyl sulfide, which enters the cycle.


stilbene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.


regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


pyramid development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney pyramids over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Kidney pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a multi-lobed mammalian kidney; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.


T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


juvenile hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-cholest-24-en-3beta-ol + NADH(2-) + O2 <=> 4alpha-carboxy,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-cholest-24-en-3beta-ol + NAD(1-) + H2O.


response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.


positive regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.


ribonuclease MRP activity

Catalysis of the site-specific cleavage of RNA by a catalytic RNA-mediated mechanism; substrates include the A3 site in the ITS1 of pre-rRNA.


specification of loop of Henle identity

The process in which the loop of Henle of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


BMP receptor activity

Combining with a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, and transmitting a signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


adenyl ribonucleotide binding

Binding to an adenyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-axon interactions

The movement of cerebral cortex neuronal precursors tangentially through the cortex using interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.


detoxification of aluminum ion

Any process that reduce or remove the toxicity of aluminum ions. These can include transport of the aluminum away from sensitive areas,  sequesteration, or chemical modification to an inert form.


tripeptide aminopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a tripeptide.


response to cortisol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.


heart valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


plastid single subunit type RNA polymerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains a single subunit type plastid RNA polymerase specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


cysteamine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cysteamine + O2 = H+ + hypotaurine.


alpha-beta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminoethylphosphonate, most abundant and ubiquitous of naturally occurring phosphonates. It is typically found as a conjugate of glycans, lipids, and proteins, which in turn perform essential biochemical functions in specialized lower organisms.


Mo-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


arylamine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an arylamine = UDP + an N-D-glucosylarylamine.


fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.


positive regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation.


deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling

The process of restoring the photoreceptor cell to its unexcited state after termination of the stimulus (photon).


DNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 3'-phosphomonoesters.


D-amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-coumaryl-CoA + cyanin betaine <=> shisonin + coenzyme A.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H2O + 2-(acetamidomethylene)succinate = CO2 + NH3 + succinate semialdehyde + acetate.


specification of anterior mesonephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules of the anterior mesonephros acquire their identity.


indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + H2O + O2 = (indol-3-yl)acetate + H2O2 + H+.


dADP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).


memory T cell proliferation

The expansion of a memory T cell population by cell division.


(1->3)-alpha-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 3-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


ABC-type zinc transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Zn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Zn2+(in).


lytic transglycosylase activity

Catalysis of the specific cleavage of the beta-(1->4) glycosidic linkage between N-acetylmuramyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in peptidoglycan, with the concomitant formation of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl residues.


plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the plasma membrane.


NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-6 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.


dextrin dextranase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m) = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + 1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl(m+1).


arginine catabolic process to succinate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including succinate.


carbon disulfide oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbon disulfide + NADH + H+ + O2 = [S] + H2O + NAD+ + carbonyl sulfide.


peptidyl-lysine formylation

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-formyl-L-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-7-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.


negative regulation of artery morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylgalactosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylgalactosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylgalactosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


entry into dormancy

The dormancy process that results in entry into dormancy. Dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.


regulation of cell cycle phase transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle phase transition.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-naringenin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> sakuranetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size

Any process that increases the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.


hair cycle

The cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 NAD+ + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3 H+ + 2 NADH + UDP-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucuronate.


steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.


cargo receptor activity

Binding specifically to a substance (cargo) to deliver it to a transport vesicle. Cargo receptors span a membrane (either the plasma membrane or a vesicle membrane), binding simultaneously to cargo molecules and coat adaptors, to efficiently recruit soluble proteins to nascent vesicles.


chitin deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chitin + H2O = chitosan + acetate.


positive regulation of adenosine transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of intestinal epithelial structure maintenance, a tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.


response to muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine.


regulation of cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


epicardium-derived cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment

The commitment of an epicardial cell to a cardiac fibroblast cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a cardiac fibroblast. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein variant which contains both an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) motif and a fasciclin domain.


positive regulation of leucophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.


pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.


L-ascorbate peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + hydrogen peroxide = dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O.


NAD+-histone H2BE35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the glutamate-35 residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B (or an equivalent residue).


regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-CoA = 4-methyl-3-oxooctanoyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD(P)+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


oxaloacetate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


negative regulation of cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a specific cell fate.


response to ammonium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing guanine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N2-methylguanine.


zygosporangium development

The process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed. A zygosporangium is a thick-walled structure in which spores are produced, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes.


fibroblast growth factor receptor activity

Combining with a fibroblast growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the C-end degron rule pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degron) pathway. In the DesCEND pathway, C-terminal residues (C-end degrons) in substrates are recognized by Cul2-RING and Cul4-RING E3 ligases, whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation. C-end degrons can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms.


ovulation cycle process

A process involved in the sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.


hydroxymethylbutenyl pyrophosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the formation of both isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate from (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate.


positive regulation of dipeptide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transport.


CAAX-box protein processing

The second process in a series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins, in which the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX) are removed by proteolysis.


vitellogenesis

The production of yolk. Yolk is a mixture of materials used for embryonic nutrition.


high-affinity secondary active nitrite transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of nitrite from one side of the membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin.


methyltetrahydrofolate:corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a tetrahydrofolate + a [methyl-Co(III) corrinoid Fe-S protein] <=> an N5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate + a [Co(I) corrinoid Fe-S protein].


regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity.


branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.


corydaline synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2 NADPH + palmatine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + corydaline + 2 NADP+.


positive regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + H+(out) = nucleoside(in) + H+(in).


positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling.


hypersensitivity

An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


regulation of centriole elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation.


positive regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RIG-I signaling pathway.


double strand break-nuclear membrane anchor activity

Binding to DNA double strand breaks and the nuclear inner membrane, in order to facilitate DNA repair.


distinct antral spaces stage

The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces become distinct and the first polar body forms.


vasomotion

The rhythmical contraction and relaxation of arterioles, observed as slow and fast waves, with frequencies of 1-2 and 10-20 cpm.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + Nt-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-histidyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


glucuronolactone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + NADP+ = D-glucurono-3,6-lactone + H+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of podocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.


calcium channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


hypothalamic tangential migration using cell-axon interactions

The movement of a hypothalamic neuronal precursor tangentially through the forebrain using an interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.


regulatory RNA binding

Binding to a small regulatory RNA, a short RNA (usually 50-200 nt long) that is either independently transcribed or processed from a longer RNA by an RNAse enzyme.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + dihydrosanguinarine = H2O2 + sanguinarine.


regulation of pharyngeal pumping

Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes.


peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.


negative regulation of catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.


short-chain fatty acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of short-chain fatty acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of less than 6 carbons.


Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + caffeoyl-CoA = pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-caffeoylglucoside + coenzyme A.


G protein-coupled estrogen receptor activity

Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


hydroxyproline O-arbinofuranose transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose + a [protein]-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = UDP + H+ + a protein-O-(beta-L-arabinofuranose)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline.


regulation of eclosion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg.


arginine catabolic process to proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + NAD+ = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.


base-excision repair, DNA ligation

The ligation by DNA ligase of DNA strands. Ligation occurs after polymerase action to fill the gap left by the action of endonucleases during base-excision repair.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = phosphate + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine.


regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress.


monocyclic sesterterpenediol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: monocyclic sesterterpenediol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


macromolecule depalmitoylation

The removal of palymitoyl groups from a macromolecule.


pancreatic D cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic D cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic D cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.


forelimb morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human.


cellular response to pyrimidine ribonucleotide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide stimulus.


regulation of establishment of T cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of T cell polarity.


neomycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving neomycin.


regulation of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branch elongation involved in ureteric bud branching, the growth of a branch of the ureteric bud along its axis.


neural plate formation

The formation of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.


metallo-sulfur cluster assembly

The incorporation of a metal and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-2,4-diaminobutyrate = L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


(-)-secologanin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-secologanin.


protein denucleotidylation

The removal of a nucleotide from a protein amino acid.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: serotonin(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = serotonin(in) + Na+(in)+ Cl-(in).


negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.


L-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-arabitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate.


trans-synaptic signalling via exosome

Transynaptic signaling in which the ligand is carried across the synapse by an exosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1R,5S)-carveol + NAD+ = (S)-carvone + H+ + NADH.


slit diaphragm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a slit diaphragm, specialized cell-cell junction found between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (the podocytes) in the vertebrate kidney, which is adapted for facilitating glomerular filtration.


high-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


nitrogenase P cluster assembly

The biochemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a P-cluster of a nitrogenase, a high-nuclearity, Fe/S-only cluster that can be viewed as two [4Fe-4S] sub-clusters sharing a gamma-6-sulfide.


D-ribose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ribose (ribo-pentose). As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.


salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid.


acetoin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.


regulation of myotube cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube cell migration.


stem cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of stem cells, resulting in the expansion of a stem cell population. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


beta-mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides.


adenylyl-sulfate reductase (glutathione) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + glutathione disulfide + H+ + sulfite = 5'-adenylyl sulfate + 2 glutathione.


cytochrome b6f complex assembly

Formation of cytochrome b6f complex, a complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


FADH2 binding

Binding to the reduced form, FADH2, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.


negative regulation of response to furfural

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to furfural.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzo(a)pyrene-cis-4,5-dihydrodiol = 4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + H2.


sulfoquinovose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction sulfoquinovose = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose.


actin cortical patch localization

Any process in which actin cortical patches are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells.


ceramide 1-phosphate transfer activity

Removes a ceramide 1-phosphate from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


aspartate-tRNA(Asn) ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA(Asx) + L-aspartate + ATP = aspartyl-tRNA(Asx) + diphosphate + AMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosanguinarine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + H2O + NADP+.


mesonephric nephron epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros.


plasma membrane raft polarization

The clustering and aggregation of a plasma membrane into domains. This serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


campest-4-en-3-one hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campest-4-en-3-one + O2 + NADPH <=> (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + H2O + NADP.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor, iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor and reduces an iron-sulfur protein.


N-acetylmuramic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: FMNH2 + O2 <=> 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole + D-erythrose 4-phosphate + dialuric acid.


regulation of neuron apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.


positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation.


post-embryonic foregut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


mitochondrial fusion

Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.


Catalysis of the reaction: formononetin + NADPH + O2 = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + NADP+ + H2O.


guanosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.


gene conversion

A DNA recombination process that results in the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a donor sequence to a highly homologous acceptor. The resulting acceptor sequence is identical to that of the donor.


structural constituent of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


immunological memory process

Any process of the immune system that can contribute to the formation of immunological memory or an immune response based upon activation of immunological memory.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate = pyruvate + D-glyceraldehyde.


positive chemotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical.


very long chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a very long chain acyl-CoA = a very long chain carboxylate + CoA. A very long chain has chain length greater than C18.


bundle sheath cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a bundle sheath cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hydroquinone + NADP+ + H2O + CO2.


regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


mesendoderm migration

The process in which the population of cells that make up a mesendoderm undergo directed movement. The mesendoderm is the epithelial tissue that gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm.


viral genome ejection through host cell envelope

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm. Caudovirales carry an ejection apparatus that can be long and contractile, long and noncontractile, or short, and is able to penetrate the host cell envelope to deliver the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm.


arsonoacetate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:0-digalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


negative regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

Any process that decreases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


NAD-dependent histone H3K18 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 18) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 18) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 18 of the histone H3 protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + acetyl-CoA + H2O = L-2-acetamido-6-oxopimelate + CoA.


pentacyclic triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.


gene conversion at mating-type locus

The conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another resulting from the recombinational repair of a site-specific double-strand break at the mating-type locus with information from a silent donor sequence. There is no reciprocal exchange of information because the mating-type locus copies information from the donor sequence and the donor sequence remains unchanged.


endoplasmic reticulum polarization

The endoplasmic reticulum organization process that results in the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum being oriented in the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum polarization serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


galacturonate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.


vesicle tethering involved in exocytosis

The initial, indirect interaction between a secretory vesicle membrane and a site of exocytosis in the plasma membrane. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior to docking and fusion.


Arp2/3 complex binding

Binding to an Arp2/3 complex, a protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5).


negative regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.


nucleus accumbens development

The progression of the nucleus accumbens over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The nucleus accumbens is a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia.


voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a voltage-gated channel. An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying an electric charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


myoblast proliferation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


positive regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


ergothioneine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ergothioneine, a naturally occurring metabolite of histidine with antioxidant properties.


thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiopurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thiopurine S-methylether.


endosomal vesicle fusion

The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome.


G protein-coupled olfactory receptor activity

Combining with an odorant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


maintenance of stationary phase

The homeostatic process in which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction. Stationary phase can be in response to limited nutrients or a build-up of toxic substances in the environment.


ATPase-coupled lipo-chitin oligosaccharide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + lipo-chitin oligosaccharide(in) = ADP + phosphate + lipo-chitin oligosaccharide(out).


response to indolebutyric acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.


negative regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.


anthraniloyl-CoA monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + O2 = 2-amino-5-oxocyclohex-1-enecarboxyl-CoA + H2O + 2 NADP+.


regulation of R7 cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell fate commitment.


norepinephrine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


endogalactosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosaminidic linkages in poly(D-galactosamine).


ATP-dependent FeS chaperone activity

Binding to and delivering metal ions to a target protein, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


larval lymph gland hemocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the larval lymph gland acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


achromobactin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.


mandibular condyle articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mandibular joint condyle articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


3-chlorocatechol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chlorocatechol.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-[glycoprotein] <=> N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide + a [glycoprotein]-(L-serine/L-threonine).


mycotoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


PERK-mediated unfolded protein response

The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor PERK (PKR-like ER kinase). Begins with activation of PERK in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The main substrate of PERK is the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. Serine-phosphorylation of eIF2alpha by PERK inactivates eIF2alpha and inhibits general protein translation. In addition, eIF2alpha phosphorylation preferentially increases the translation of selective mRNAs such as ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which up regulates a subset of UPR genes required to restore folding capacity.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + an anthocyanin = UDP + an anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside.


monocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The recovery of O-phosphorylserine from acid hydrolysates suggests N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate residues are esterified to peptidyl serines through phosphoester bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydromethanopterin + coenzyme M = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + methyl-coenzyme M. 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate is also known as methyl-CoM.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP + a reduced coenzyme F420 <=> NADPH + H+ + an oxidized coenzyme F420.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.


diaminopimelate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diaminopimelate, both as an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.


Catalysis of the reaction: (E,E)-geranylgeraniol + ATP = H+ + all-trans-geranyl-geranyl monophosphate + ADP.


metanephric DCT cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


protein localization to ERGIC

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC).


Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + reduced acceptor + O2 = oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + acceptor + H2O. The enzyme requires ferredoxin.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = H+ + luteolin 7-O-[(beta-D-glucosiduronate)-(1->2)-(beta-D-glucosiduronate)] 4'-O-beta-D-glucosiduronate + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UMP.


primary root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The primary root develops directly from the embryonic radicle.


positive regulation of long-term synaptic depression

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long term synaptic depression.


gliogenesis

The process that results in the generation of glial cells. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia.


cellular response to sucrose starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose.


small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a snoRNA to form a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.


root meristem specification

The specification of a meristem which will give rise to a primary or lateral root.


O antigen ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Lipid A-core + colanic acid = MLPS.


immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin-mediated immune response

The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues.


beta-zeacarotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-zeacarotene.


regulation of immune effector process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.


mucosal tolerance induction

Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal tissues.


inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytoceramide + inositol phosphate = inositol phosphoceramide + diacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in isolichenin, pseudonigeran and nigeran.


manchette disassembly

The disaggregation of a manchette into its constituent components.


branched-chain amino acid:2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate + L-phenylalanine = phenylpyruvate + L-methionine.


actin-myosin filament sliding

The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other.


cellular response to paraquat

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paraquat stimulus.


glycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


protein-phosphocysteine-mannosylglycerate-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + mannosylglycerate(out) = protein cysteine + mannosylglycerate phosphate(in).


cell aggregation

The clustering together and adhesion of initially separate cells to form an aggregate. Examples include the clustering of unicellular organisms or blood cells in suspension and the condensation of mesenchymal cells during cartilage formation.


Catalysis of the reaction: toluene-4-sulfonate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 4-sulfobenzyl alcohol.


fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a fin are generated and organized.


selenium binding

Binding to a selenium (Se) ion.


diamine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha,omega-diamine + 2-oxoglutarate = an omega-aminoaldehyde + L-glutamate.


Rab geranylgeranyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = 2 S-geranylgeranyl-protein + 2 diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of two thioether linkages between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl groups and two cysteine residues within the terminal sequence motifs XXCC, XCXC or CCXX. Known substrates include Ras-related GTPases of a single family and the Rab family.


Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + CMP-N-acetylneuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + CMP. Alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide is also known as GM3.


tryprostatin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryprostatin A.


regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.


negative regulation of ribosome biogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.


decylcitrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + lauroyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = (2S,3S)-2-hydroxytridecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate + CoA + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin-3-O-D-rhamnosyl-(1,6)-D-glucoside + UDP-D-glucose = cyanidin-3-O-[D-rhamnosyl-(1,6)-D-glucoside]-5-O-D-glucoside + UDP.


racemase and epimerase activity

Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: H(2) + menaquinone = reduced menaquinone.


fibroblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population.


5S class rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), or an equivalent rRNA, from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a type 1 RNA polymerase III promoter.


taurine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of taurine from one side of a membrane to the other. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative which is important in the metabolism of fats.


specification of symmetry

The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created.


DNA translocase activity

Generation of movement along a single- or double-stranded DNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


positive regulation of protein folding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein folding.


Catalysis of the reaction: (7R)-7-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanate + H2O = (7R)-7-aminocephalosporanate + glutarate.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate + pyruvate = succinate semialdehyde + alanine.


pyranose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + O2 = 2-dehydro-D-glucose + H2O2.


5' deoxyribonuclease (pyrimidine dimer) activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage immediately 5' to pyrimidine dimers to products with 5'-phosphate.


regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.


regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetate + L-leucine + ATP <=> H+ + indole-3-acetyl-leucine + diphosphoric acid + AMP.


short descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the short descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The short descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a short nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology.


naringenin chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone <=> UDP + 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside + H+.


response to silver ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.


hibernation

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy in which to pass the winter. It is characterized by narcosis and by sharp reduction in body temperature and metabolic activity and by a depression of vital signs.


glycerophospholipid arachidonoyl-transferase (CoA-independent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-alkyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-alkyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.


trophectodermal cell proliferation

The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm.


negative regulation of Golgi lumen acidification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.


endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.


aldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + acetyl-CoA = N6-acetyl-L-lysine + CoA + H+.


D-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabinose is converted into D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to ribulose-5-phosphate, which is isomerized to give D-xylulose-5-phosphate.


alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid.


calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of calcium (Ca) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


sex-specific pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in one sex that is not observed in the other sex.


Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane + HCl = 1,3(R),4(S),5(S),6(R)-pentachlorocyclohexene.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + H2O + NAD+ = N-succinyl-L-glutamate + 2 H+ + NADH.


cartilage homeostasis

A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within cartilage, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + NAD <=> H+ + UDP-3-keto-alpha-D-glucose + NADH.


purine-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof.


The formation of a protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage via O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine.


tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


acetylpyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetylpyruvate + H2O = acetate + H+ + pyruvate.


stem vascular tissue pattern formation

Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the stem of vascular plants.


isobazzanene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> isobazzanene + diphosphoric acid.


negative regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


dTMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate.


(3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + ADP + phosphate + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoyl-CoA.


siRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by heterochromatin formation

A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which a siRNA triggers heterochromatin assembly. Heterochromatin is a chromatin conformation that is refractory to transcription.


cellular response to oxidative stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.


uropod retraction

The process in which a uropod detaches from the cell substrate and retracts the rear of a migrating cell.


regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral axis specification.


positive regulation of gastric mucosal blood circulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastric mucosal blood circulation.


positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.


membrane repolarization during bundle of His cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the bundle of His cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


sepal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sepal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine, a methyl-L-arginine having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.


lipid droplet disassembly

The disaggregation of a lipid particle into its constituent components.


positive aerotaxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen.


pinene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.


positive regulation of ossification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.


positive regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric DCT cell differentiation.


modulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity

The process in which a host organism effects a change in viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein.


sebum secreting cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of sebocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A sebocyte is an epithelial cell that makes up the sebaceous glands, and secrete sebum.


xanthine binding

Binding to xanthine, a purine base.


acetyl-CoA synthetase acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the acetylation of residue Lys609 of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase, using acetyl-CoA as substrate.


VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway involved in axon guidance

Any VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway that is involved in axon guidance.


6-oxocineole dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxocineole + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 1,6,6-trimethyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-3-one + H2O + NADP+.


membrane raft localization

Any process in which membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol = NADPH + catechol.


thiamine diphosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = AMP + thiamine diphosphate.


tracheoesophageal septum formation

The process that gives rise to the tracheoesophageal septum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


negative adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation

In organisms that undergo pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation, the process involved in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that acts to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.


prostate glandular acinus development

The progression of a glandular acinus of the prostate gland over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The glandular acini are the saclike structures of the gland.


nucleoid organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleoid. The nucleoid is the region of a bacterial cell, virion, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-beta-glucoside phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + beta-glucoside(out) = protein histidine + beta-glucoside phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


p-coumaroyltriacetic acid synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O + 3 malonyl-CoA <=> 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide + p-coumaroyltriacetate.


molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


negative regulation of muscle filament sliding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.


protein import into peroxisome matrix, receptor recycling

The process in which peroxisome targeting sequence receptors dissociates from cargo proteins and are returned to the cytosol.


ureteric bud development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep.


germ cell attraction

The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the attraction of cells towards their target.


negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.


catechol-containing siderophore biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including catechol. Catechol is one of the three major chemical groups incorporated into siderophore structures with hydroxamate and a-hydroxycarboxylate, each having a high selectivity for iron(3+).


cellular response to gold(3+)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gold(3+) stimulus.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex binding

Binding to a mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex.


flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavonoid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3'-hydroxyflavonoid + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of mating type switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching, the conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.


C-X-C chemokine receptor activity

Combining with a C-X-C chemokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. A C-X-C chemokine has a single amino acid between the first two cysteines of the characteristic four cysteine motif.


histone H3K9 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 9). This reaction is the addition of up to three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host membrane carbohydrate

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a carbohydrate on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.


amino acid:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + cation(out) = amino acid(in) + cation(in).


3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + 3-oxoadipate = succinate + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + 2-oxoglutarate = indolepyruvate + L-glutamate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-glucose + H+ = D-glucose + H+. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. D-glucose is the dextrorotatory D-enantiomer of glucose.


cucurbitacin delta23-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin + NAD(P)+ = cucurbitacin + NAD(P)H + H+.


regulation of muscle tissue development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.


hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + NAD+ + palmitaldehyde = H+ + NADH + palmitoyl-CoA.


octopine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.


steroid hormone receptor complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a steroid hormone receptor complex, an intracellular receptor that binds steroid hormones. The complex is often a dimer, and forms after the steroid has bound the receptor.


regulation of p38MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.


regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


positive regulation of Golgi lumen acidification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi lumen acidification.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin = NADPH + H+ + 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin.


purine-specific nucleoside:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: purine(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


GDP-L-fucose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + NAD+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NADH + H+.


response to oxygen-glucose deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the deprivation of oxygen and glucose.


axial mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + H2O + NAD+.


positive regulation of iron ion import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iron ions import across plasma membrane.


omega-hydroxypalmitate O-sinapoyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sinapoyl-CoA + 16-hydroxypalmitate <=> coenzyme A + 16-sinapoyloxypalmitate.


immune receptor activity

Receiving a signal and transmitting it in a cell to initiate an immune response.


regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands.


austinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of austinol.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling in absence of ligand

The series of molecular signals beginning with a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex, where the G protein-coupled receptor is not bound to an agonist.


ergothioneine biosynthesis from histidine via gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide

The pathway resulting in the formation of ergothioneine from histidine via a set of steps in which gamma-glutamyl-hercynylcysteine sulfoxide is formed as an intermediate.


1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism.


24-methylenelophenol methyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylenelophenol + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


response to osmotic stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.


anterior/posterior axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


hydroxypyruvate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate.


cardiac cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of cardiac cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.


muscle filament sliding

The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.


ABC-type sulfate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + sulfate(out) = ADP + phosphate + sulfate(in).


specification of pronephric proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + caffeoyl-CoA <=> pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside-5-O-caffeoylglucoside + coenzyme A(4-).


positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


regulation of antipodal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.


response to oxygen radical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.


negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.


righting reflex

A reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position.


T cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T cell.


histone H2AK5 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine (position 5) = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 5).


positive regulation of defecation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.


tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + isoorientin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + isoscoparin.


smooth septate junction assembly

The assembly of a smooth septate junction, a septate junction that lacks the regular arrays of electron-dense septae found in pleated septate junctions.


DNA-deoxyinosine glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of DNA and polynucleotides, releasing free hypoxanthine.


dynorphin receptor activity

Combining with a dynorphin peptide, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Dynorphin is any opioid peptide that is generated by cleavage of the precursor protein prodynorphin.


effector-mediated defense to host-produced reactive oxygen species

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the suppression of reactive oxygen species produced by the host as part of its innate immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephric nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.


The phosphorylation of a peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine on an identical protein. For example, phosphorylation by the other kinase within a homodimer.


response to ketamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketamine stimulus.


cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration

The migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex.


alpha-ketoglutarate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor = (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor.


cleavage in ITS2 between 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS2 between the 5.8S rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


AP-1 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-1 adaptor complex. The AP-1 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-1 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different genes (gamma1 and gamma2, mu1A and mu1B, and sigma1A, sigma1B and sigma1C).


histone H3K9 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9).


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + O2 + NADH(2-) + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(1-) + H2O.


endosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.


detection of cold stimulus involved in thermoception

The series of events in which a cold stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.


chromatin extrusion motor activity

A DNA translocase activity that folds chromosomal DNA and catalytically extends the newly formed loop, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


medium-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a medium-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


detection of misfolded protein

The series of events in which a misfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


gamma-delta T cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


mitochondrial tRNA wobble uridine modification

The process in which a uridine in position 34 of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.


imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.


podosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a podosome, an actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-(methylsulfinyl)benzothiazole.


regulation of blood coagulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


symmetric neuroblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two equi-potent daughter cells.


gerfelin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gerfelin.


glycerolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. Diacylglycerol and phosphatidate are key lipid intermediates of glycerolipid biosynthesis.


negative regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


synaptic transmission involved in micturition

The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.


plasma lipoprotein particle assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a plasma lipoprotein particle.


somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus

The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus.


L-amino-acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


primary heart field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.


smooth muscle derived foam cell differentiation

The process in which a smooth muscle cell acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


biliverdin reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NADP+ = biliverdin + NADPH + H+.


IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response

The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1 (Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease). Begins with activation of IRE1 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. One target of activated IRE1 is the transcription factor HAC1 in yeast, or XBP1 in mammals; IRE1 cleaves an intron of a mRNA coding for HAC1/XBP1 to generate an activated HAC1/XBP1 transcription factor, which controls the up regulation of UPR-related genes. At least in mammals, IRE1 can also signal through additional intracellular pathways including JNK and NF-kappaB.


flavonol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.


fucose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.


starch biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants.


arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + reduced glutaredoxin = arsenite + oxidized glutaredoxin. Glutaredoxin functions as the electron donor for arsenate reduction. The electron flow therefore is ( NADPH -> glutathione reductase (EC:1.6.4.2) -> ) glutathione -> glutaredoxin -> arsenate reductase, i.e. glutathione is reduced by glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin is reduced by glutathione.


multicellular organismal process

Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.


mannonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O.


anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside 6'''-O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + pelargonidin 3-O-(6-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucoside) 5-O-beta-D-glucoside = CoA + 4'''-demalonylsalvianin.


ATPase-coupled nonpolar-amino acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + nonpolar amino acid(out) = ADP + phosphate + nonpolar amino acid(in).


bulbus arteriosus morphogenesis

The process in which the bulbus arteriosus is generated and organized. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic cardiac chamber.


S-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate = AMP + D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


tetrahydroberberine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydroberberine + 2 O2 = berberine + 2 H2O2.


regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential involved in skeletal muscle contraction

Any process, involved in skeletal muscle contraction, that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a temporay increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


regulation of pupariation

Any process that modulates the onset of pupariation.