pyruvate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of pyruvate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


amylin receptor 1 signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin, or another ligand, combining with an amylin receptor 1 (AMY1), a G protein-coupled receptor complex, on the surface of the target cell. Other ligands that have been shown to initiate the AMY1 signaling pathway include the calcitonin related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM/ADM).


CUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CUU codon.


trans-Golgi network membrane organization

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a trans-Golgi network membrane.


T cell costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.


beta-galactosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides.


Catalysis of the reactions: (1) 5beta-cholestan-3-one + NADP+ = cholest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + H+ and (2) 17,21-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione + NADP+ = cortisone + NADPH + H+.


protein localization to organelle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle.


latency-replication decision

The process by which a virus switches on its replication cycle in an infected cell.  The process is typically controlled by a genetic swtich controlled by environmental factors such as cell type, cell shape, the availability of nutrients, superinfection or exposure of infected cells to UV or various chemical stimuli.


histone H4R3 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H4 L-arginyl (position 3)= histone H4 L-citrullyl (position 3) + NH4+, resulting in histone H4 citrullination at position 3.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor, dinitrogen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which reduced flavodoxin acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces dinitrogen.


modification of synaptic structure, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates synaptic transmission via modification of the structure of the synapse.


perturbation of symbiont cellular component

The process in which a host organism destabilizes a cellular component of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a fatty-acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.


galactoglucomannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactoglucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) decorated with a mixture of D-glucose and D-galactose side-units.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + a 3-oxo acid = succinate + a 3-oxo-acyl-CoA.


mitochondrial translational elongation

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion.


pulmonary vein morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the pulmonary venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-9-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.


peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-dihydroxyphenylalanine.


halogenated hydrocarbon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.


thermosensory behavior

Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature.


pattern recognition receptor activity

Combining with a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), a structure conserved among microbial species to initiate an innate immune response.


filamentous growth MAPK cascade

The MAPK cascade which is activated as a result of partial nutrient deprivation and which results in filamentous growth.


response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.


cellular response to bisphenol A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bisphenol A stimulus.


polyprenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP + a ditrans,polycis-dolichol = NADPH + H+ + a di-trans, poly-cis-polyprenol.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in (1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranans.


natural killer cell proliferation involved in immune response

The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division as part of an immune response.


post-embryonic body morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic soma are generated and organized.


gibberellin A28,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A28 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> (2betaOH)-gibberellin28 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


benzene 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzene + H+ + NADH + O2 = cis-cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+.


actin filament depolymerization

Disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.


proteasome-activating activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, which promotes unfolding of protein substrates, and channel opening of the core proteasome.


gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + H+(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + H+(in).


isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + propan-2-ol = acetone + H+ + NADPH.


dCTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.


maintenance of location in cell

Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 upstream of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage within Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) upstream of the 5.8S rRNA derived from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, this endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS1 initiates the maturation of the LSU and the 5.8S rRNAs.


monoatomic anion channel activity

Enables the energy-independent passage of a monoatomic anion across a lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient.


ER body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) body. ER body is a compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.


Catalysis of the reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-histidine-[translation elongation factor 2] = S-methyl-5-thioadenosine + 2-[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]-L-histidine-[translation elongation factor 2].


regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation.


positive regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling.


negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamine + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + N-(11,12-epoxy-5Z,8Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-ethanolamine + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = L-tyrosine + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin.


determination of heart left/right asymmetry

Determination of the asymmetric location of the heart with respect to the left and right halves of the organism.


regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha,26-tetraol + NAD+ = 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestan-26-al + NADH.


asparagusate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-mercapto-2-mercaptomethylpropanoate + NAD+ = asparagusate + H+ + NADH.


peptide stabilization

Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide and preventing it from being degraded.


single-strand break repair via homologous recombination

The error-free repair of a single-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.


(22S)-22-hydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + O2 <=> (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one + NADP + H2O.


modulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose + H+ = glucose + H+. Symporter activity enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


cerebellar molecular layer morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar molecular layer is generated and organized. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


regulation of germ tube formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Kdo2-lipid A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving Kdo2-lipid A, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component.


RNA uridine deletion

The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a uridine nucleotide.


lipoamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.


racemase and epimerase activity, acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives

Catalysis of a reaction that alters the configuration of one or more chiral centers in a hydroxy acid molecule.


response to UV-A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.


6-hydroxy pseudo-oxynicotine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + O2 = 2 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine.


retromer complex binding

Binding to a retromer complex.


ferritin receptor activity

Combining with ferritin, and delivering ferritin into the cell via endocytosis.


posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast mantle cell type or a set of cells of neuromast mantle cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.


negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.


negative regulation of appetite

Any process that reduces appetite.


UDP-glucose: 6-methylthiohexylhydroximate S-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 6-methylthiohexylhydroximate <=> H+ + 5-methylthiopentyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP(3-).


synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

The vesicular release of dopamine. from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


skeletal muscle tissue development

The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.


pachytene

The cell cycle phase which follows zygotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome.


sesquarterpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquarterpene.


positive regulation of potassium ion transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cellular response to cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell-matrix adhesion.


adenosine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + adenosine = ADP + AMP.


Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + long-chain-polyphosphate = dolichol-phosphate + long-chain-polyphosphate.


positive regulation of plant organ morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ morphogenesis.


fatty acid omega-oxidation

A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation.


phosphonopyruvate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphonopyruvate + H2O = phosphate + pyruvate.


xanthine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


lipoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lipoate from one side of a membrane to the other.


lens placode formation

The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye.


glycuronidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucuronosides, yielding free glucuronic acid.


GTP-dependent polynucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephosphopolynucleotide = GDP + 5'-phosphopolynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be DNA or RNA.


regulation of histamine uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter histamine into a cell.


negative regulation of chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.


cortisol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cortisol + NADP <=> cortisone + NADPH + H+.


posterior mesonephric tubule development

The progression of the posterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The posterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


catabolite repression

A process in which the presence of one nutrient source leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of processes involved in the metabolism of other nutrient sources.


sensory perception of electrical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


trochlear nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


tRNA exon ligation utilizing GTP as source of linkage phosphate

A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous GTP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae where the ligation reaction also produces a 2'-phosphate at the splice junction which is subsequently removed as part of the ligation process.


inositol heptakisphosphate 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate = 4,5-bisdiphosphoinositol-1D-myoinositol (1,2,3,6)tetrakisphosphate.


renal filtration cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a renal filtration cell. Renal filtration cells are specialized cells of the renal system that filter fluids by charge, size or both. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.


peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.


regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.


anthranilate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + D-methylmalonyl-CoA = oxaloacetic acid + propionyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid + NADP+ = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + H+ + NADPH.


glycine binding

Binding to glycine, aminoethanoic acid.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation.


synaptic vesicle docking

The initial (indirect) attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic active zone membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane and proteins of the presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component. Synaptic vesicle tethering is the first step in this process.


sensory organ morphogenesis

Morphogenesis of a sensory organ. A sensory organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to receive and transmit signals from external or internal stimuli. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


granulocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.


negative regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.


positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


insect visual primordium formation

Establishment of the optic lobe placode. In Drosophila, for example, the placode appears in the dorsolateral region of the head in late stage 11 embryos and is the precursor to the larval visual system.


Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose + UDP.


malonyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of malonyl-CoA, the S-malonyl derivative of coenzyme A.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to axis elongation.


negative regulation of natural killer cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptotic process.


N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of signal transduction in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


metanephric interstitial fibroblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + acetate.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling

Repair of the gap in the DNA helix by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase after the portion of the strand containing the lesion has been removed by pyrimidine-dimer repair enzymes.


rRNA modification guide activity

Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


optic nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the optic nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


myeloid cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages.


oocyte fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.


cellular response to peptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide stimulus.


3' overhang single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within 3' overhang single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD+ = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon

The incorporation of iron into an iron-sulfur cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon.


L-homocysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-homocysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + protein L-histidine = pyruvate + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.


transcription-dependent tethering of RNA polymerase II gene DNA at nuclear periphery

The chromosome organization process in which the DNA sequence containing a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves cis-acting DNA sequences such as the TATA box and upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements, trans-acting transcriptional activators, and also the 3'-UTR of the transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroquinone + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside + UDP.


pteridine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine + O2 = 2-amino-4,7-dihydroxypteridine + unknown.


negative regulation of mast cell differentiation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.


cellular pigmentation

The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in a cell.


endonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by creating internal breaks to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters.


hemolysis in another organism

The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another.


cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell wall.


NAD(P)H nitroreductase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of a nitrate group to an amino or hydroxylamino group on toluene or a toluene derivative.


polyamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


regulation of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substrate-dependent cell migration, cell attachment to substrate.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase) = AMP + diphosphate + (methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase).


The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


indole phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)acetyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + cyclohexanone.


L-isoleucine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-isoleucine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-isoleucine is (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


regulation of meiotic chromosome separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


cornification

A type of programmed cell death that occurs in the epidermis, morphologically and biochemically distinct from apoptosis. It leads to the formation of corneocytes, i.e. dead keratinocytes containing an amalgam of specific proteins (e.g., keratin, loricrin, SPR and involucrin) and lipids (e.g., fatty acids and ceramides), which are necessary for the function of the cornified skin layer (mechanical resistance, elasticity, water repellence and structural stability).


regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


leucocyanidin oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leucocyanidin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = cis- or trans-dihydroquercetin + succinate + CO2 + 2 H2O.


polymeric immunoglobulin receptor activity

Combining with a J-chain-containing polymeric immunoglobulin of the IgA or IgM isotypes via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


chrysobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of cellular response to manganese ion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion.


P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in).


dibenzothiophene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dibenzothiophene + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene.


nicotianamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.


regulation of macrophage migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.


3-chlorotoluene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3-chlorotoluene + NADH + O2 <=> 3-chlorobenzyl alcohol + NAD + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H2O + H+ = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NH4.


oviduct development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oviduct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.


gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-glutamate + reduced vitamin K + CO2 + O2 = peptidyl-gamma-carboxyglutamate + vitamin K epoxide.


trophoblast giant cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a trophoblast giant cell of the placenta. Trophoblast giant cells are the cell of the placenta that line the maternal decidua.


guanyl nucleotide binding

Binding to a guanyl nucleotide, consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.


central complex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central complex region of the insect brain is thought to be crucial for control of locomotive behavior. Located in the middle of the two protocerebral hemispheres, it comprises four neuropilar regions, the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge and the paired noduli.


metal ion sequestering activity

Binding to a metal ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


nicotinate-nucleotide diphosphorylase (carboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CO2 + diphosphate + nicotinate D-ribonucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H+ + quinolinate.


peptidyl-arginine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-phospho-L-arginine.


positive regulation of cardiac conduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac conduction.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid phosphorus-nitrogen bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid phosphorus-nitrogen bond.


methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oligosaccharide-diphosphodolichol = dolichol-phosphate + oligosaccharide phosphate.


response to sodium phosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium phosphate stimulus.


actin filament bundle organization

A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an actin filament bundle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4 H+ + 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD = 4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2. This reaction consists of three successive dehydrogenations that lead to the introduction of three double bonds into 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene), with 4,4'-diapophytofluene, 4,4'-diapo-zeta-carotene and 4,4'-diapolycopene as intermediates, and 4,4'-diapolycopene as the end product.


kinesis

The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the rate of movement depends on the intensity (rather than the direction) of the stimulus.


The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system.


cerebellar cortex structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


alkanesulfonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.


positive regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms.


hair follicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open.


hydrogen selenide methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + hydrogen selenide => S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methaneselenol.


instrumental aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithinium(1+) = N(5)-acetyl-L-ornithine.


The microtubule-based process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


selenodiglutathione-disulfide reductase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + selenodiglutathione + NADPH = gluthathioselenol + glutathione + NADP+.


positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


oxalomalate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxalomalate = glyoxylate + oxaloacetate.


mammalian oogenesis stage

A reproductive process that is a step in the formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell.


rhamnose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of rhamnose from one side of a membrane to the other. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.


nucleolus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleolus.


positive regulation of amniotic stem cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amniotic stem cell differentiation.


negative regulation of haustorium mother cell formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


bacterial-type EF-P lysine modification

The modification of a lysine residue in a protein to produce (2S)-2-amino-6-([(3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid, and the subsequent hydroxylation of the modified lysine residue. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, the prokaryotic translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


2-oxoglutaryl-CoA thioesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutaryl-CoA + OH- = 2-oxoglutarate + CoASH.


iridophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an iridophore. Iridophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain guanidine or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. This gives them a silver, gold, or iridescent appearance.


2-aminophenol 1,6-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminophenol + O2 = 2-aminomuconic semialdehyde.


beta-glucanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of linkages in beta-D-glucans; beta-glucans are polysaccharides of D-glucose monomers linked by beta-glycosidic bonds.


carboxylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + acceptor + H2O = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


mesodermal cell migration

The orderly movement of mesodermal cells from one site to another.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in neural tube closure

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors that modulates the establishment of planar polarity contributing to neural tube closure.


coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4-dinitrophenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dinitrophenol + H- = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex. Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-methoxy-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone.


chromosome localization to nuclear envelope involved in homologous chromosome segregation

The directed movement of a chromosome to the nuclear envelope that contributes to homologous chromosome segregation and precedes synapsis.


G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

Combining with glutamate and transmitting a signal from one side of the membrane to the other by activating an associated G-protein, initiating a change in cell activity.


protein localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. post synaptic density).


anatomical structure regression

The developmental process in which an anatomical stucture is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.


Catalysis of the reaction: amidinoproclavaminate + H2O = proclavaminate + urea.


delta-tocopherol cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone = delta-tocopherol.


negative regulation of R8 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.


regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.


N-succinylarginine dihydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-succinyl-L-arginine + 2 H2O + 2 H+ = N(2)-succinyl-L-ornithine + CO2 + 2 NH4.


negative regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.


hexokinase-dependent signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and dependent on the detection of hexokinase.


acyl deglucuronidation

The removal of glucuronic acid from an acyl-glucuronide.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport.


alpha-amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alpha-amino acid.


phagocytosis, recognition

The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to ventricular cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the ventricle. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


positive regulation of seed maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


organelle fusion

The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles.


kainate selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an kainate-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


mannokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-mannose = ADP + D-mannose 6-phosphate.


detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


cysteine-S-conjugate N-malonyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA(5-) + an L-cysteine-S-conjugate <=> coenzyme A + H+ + an N-malonyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate.


multicellular organismal locomotion

Locomotion in a multicellular organism, i.e. self-propelled movement of a multicellular organism from one location to another.


anterior rotation of the optic cup

A 90 degree-rotation of the optic cup resulting in its alignment with the anterior-posterior body axis.


biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


zinc chaperone activity

Binding to and delivering zinc ions to a target protein.


sequestering of TGFbeta from receptor via TGFbeta binding

Binding to a transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) protein in the extracellular region, and inhibiting TGFbeta signaling by preventing TGFbeta from binding to its cell surface receptor.


glycoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


accessory nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the accessory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.


positive regulation of lateral root development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development.


dATP biosynthetic process from ADP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including ADP, adenosine diphosphate.


ascr#2 binding

Binding to ascr#2.


regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.


regulation of neuroblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast proliferation.


negative regulation of embryonic skeletal joint development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic skeletal joint development.


pyroptosis

A caspase-1-dependent cell death subroutine that is associated with the generation of pyrogenic mediators such as IL-1beta and IL-18.


glutamate catabolic process to succinate via succinate semialdehyde

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the pyruvate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.


ferric-chelate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron donor -> 2 Fe3+-siderophore + electron acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H+ + phosphate.


regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.


tRNA modification guide activity

Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in a tRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


larval central nervous system remodeling

Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + hydrogencarbonate + NH4+ = 2 ADP + carbamoyl phosphate + 2 H+ + phosphate.


glycerol biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, from other compounds, including pyruvate.


positive regulation of anion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.


vomilenine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + vomilenine.


neuropeptide Y receptor activity

Combining with neuropeptide Y to initiate a change in cell activity.


tRNA demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more positions within a tRNA molecule.


response to anoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.


kynurenine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from kynurenine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


glucosamine-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).


1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate.


very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + NADP+ = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH.


positive regulation of maltopentaose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.


mixed acid fermentation

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into ethanol, lactate, formate, succinate, and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


pyridoxamine binding

Binding to pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, a form of vitamin B6.


mannitol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


mitochondrial valyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


beta-alanyl-CoA ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + NH3.


positive regulation of endothelial cell development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.


tolerance induction in urogenital tract

Tolerance induction taking place in the urogenital tract.


positive regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


positive regulation of phospholipid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid transport.


regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminonbiphenyl = N-acetoxy-4-aminobiphenyl + N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl.


myelination in peripheral nervous system

The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.


acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O = acetate + CoA + H+.


cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process involved in lateral root development

Any cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process that is involved in lateral root development.


pre-replicative complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the origin of replication during the initial step of DNA replication and allows the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication.


beta-pyrazolylalanine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-serine + pyrazole = 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate + H+.


negative regulation of inorganic anion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.


cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.


cellular response to cortisol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.


monoterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.


maintenance of epithelial integrity, open tracheal system

Ensuring that tracheal tubes in an open tracheal system maintain their epithelial structure during the cell shape changes and movements that occur during the branching process.


(22S)-22-hydroxy-campesterol C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + NADPH + O2 <=> (22R,23R)-22,23-dihydroxycampesterol + NADP + H2O.


metanephric pyramids development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric pyramids over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Metanephric pyramids are the conical masses that constitute the renal medulla in a metanephros; they contain the loops of Henle and the medullary collecting ducts.


interleukin-23 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-23 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


biotin-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + biotinyl-CoA.


detection of renal blood flow

The process in which the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys receive information about the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles and converts the information to a molecular signal.


diphenyl phthalate binding

Binding to diphenyl phthalate, C(20)H(14)O(4).


pattern specification involved in kidney development

Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


intraciliary transport particle A binding

Binding to an intraciliary transport particle A (IFT A) complex.


mucilage pectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectin component of mucilage.


intratendonous ossification

Ossification wherein bone tissue forms within tendonous tissue.


regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


glycerol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycerol from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + NAD+ = NADP+ + NADH + H+. The reaction is A-specific (i.e. the pro-R hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NAD+ and B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred) with respect to NADP+.


positive regulation of organ growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


mesonephric proximal tubule development

The progression of the mesonephric proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.


cellular response to UV-A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm.


piRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization

A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation by a piRNA.


scyllo-inosamine 4-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol + ATP = 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


8-oxo-dGDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction 8-oxo-dGDP + H2O = 8-oxo-dGMP + phosphate.


ganglion formation

The process that gives rise to ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced ascorbate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced ascorbate and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response.


phosphoarginine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.


negative regulation of nodal signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway.


regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.


DNA dealkylation

The removal of an alkyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule.


trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trimethylamine + 2 (ferricytochrome c)-subunit + H2O = trimethylamine-N-oxide + 2 (ferrocytochrome c)-subunit + 2 H+.


betulin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: betulin + NADPH(4-) + H+ + O2 <=> betulinic aldehyde + NADP(3-) + 2 H2O.


tissue homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.


negative regulation of cellular process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-1

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-1. DIF-1 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell.


fusion cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a fusion cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Fusion cells allow the interconnection of adjacent tracheal metameres during tracheal tube fusion.


Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall of the type found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan + UDP.


metanephric DCT cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric distal convoluted tubule cell.


cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + L-lysine + ATP = N(6)-[(indole-3-yl)acetyl]-L-lysine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


seed germination on parent plant

The process in which a seed germinates before being shed from the parent plant.


negative regulation of phospholipase activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


positive regulation of antipodal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.


regulation of positive chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


inferior endocardial cushion morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an inferior endocardial cushion is generated and organized.


mitotic interphase

The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs.


amniotic stem cell differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amniotic stem cell. An amniotic stem cell is a mesenchymal stem cell extracted from amniotic fluid. Amniotic stem cells are able to differentiate into various tissue types such as skin, cartilage, cardiac tissue, nerves, muscle, and bone.


negative regulation of torso signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the torso signaling pathway.


(S)-reticuline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (S)-reticuline.


neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hydrogen peroxide

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron in response to hydrogen peroxide.


histone H2AK15 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin molecule to histone 2A at the lysine-15 residue.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(4-) + beta-D-galactoside + H2O <=> ADP(3-) + hydrogenphosphate + beta-D-galactoside + H+.


P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in), that contributes to regulating the membrane potential of a cardiac muscle cell.


anthranilate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate.


sulfoquinovosidase activity

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing alpha-sulfoquinovoside residues in alpha-sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerides and alpha-sulfoquinovosyl glycerol, generating alpha-sulfoquinovose.


response to absence of light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9-phenanthrol + glucose = 9-phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O.


positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


tartrate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tartrate.


FMN transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of flavine mononucleotide (FMN) from one side of a membrane to the other.


cranial ganglion structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of a cranial ganglion. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


Catalysis of the transfer of the non-reducing terminal alpha-D-glucose residue from a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan to the 4-position of an alpha-D-glucan, thus bringing about the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides.


cell-cell signaling involved in amphid sensory organ development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of an amphid sensory organ over time, from its formation to the mature state.


kidney field specification

The process that results in the delineation of regions of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop.


Catalysis of the reaction: daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + H2O <=> daidzein + beta-D-glucose.


posterior lateral line development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the body and trunk of all fishes and most amphibians. The posterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.


thiocyanate methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thiocyanate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> methyl thiocyanate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidopamine.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the cardiac muscle tissue.


negative regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.


aldaric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.


root regeneration

The the regeneration process by which a damaged or lost root regrows or re-differentiates. This process may occur via de-differentiation and subsequent reprogramming of somatic cells or activation of existing undifferentiated (meristematic) cells to form a new root meristem and subsequently new root.


solute:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + cation(out) = solute(in) + cation(in).


positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.


establishment of turgor in appressorium

The process in which hydrostatic pressure is increased within the symbiont appressorium to breach the cuticle of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


lipoprotein oxidation

The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids or the lipid group.


ADP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADPH + H+.


seed dehydration

The seed development process whose outcome is the drying of a maturing seed.


long-day photoperiodism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that exceeds a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.


bone resorption

The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylbenzalpyruvate + H2O = pyruvate + 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde.


respiratory burst at fertilization

The phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs at fertilization. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. Capacitation, a necessary prerequisite event to successful fertilization, can be induced by reactive oxygen species in vitro; hydrogen peroxide is used as an extracellular oxidant to cross-link the protective surface envelopes.


regulation of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid arm separation.


cell-cell signaling involved in placenta development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another.


testosterone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of testosterone, an androgen having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4 C-5.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a beta-D-galactoside = CoA + a 6-acetyl-beta-D-galactoside.


extracellular sequestering of copper ion

The process of binding or confining copper ions in an extracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


discadenine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.


interleukin-20 production

The appearance of interleukin-20 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester

The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester.


photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II

A photosynthetic electron transport chain in which electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, Q) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach the ultimate electron acceptor of Photosystem II, which is plastocyanin (PC). The electron is then passed to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of the reaction centre of photosystem I.


carbon fixation by 3-hydroxypropionate cycle

An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.


plant-type cell wall organization or biogenesis

A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellulose- and pectin-containing cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + protein tyrosine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + protein tyrosine-O-sulfate.


embryonic epithelial tube formation

The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by modulation of calcium ion sensitivity of myofibril

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing calcium ion binding affinity of the myofibril.


cellular response to polycyclic arene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polycyclic arene stimulus.


regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


male urethra development

The progression of the male urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The male urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder through the penis to outside the body.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.


glucose mediated signaling pathway

The process in which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.


mucosal immune response

An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract.


metabolite repair

A cellular process that, through single- or multi-step enzymatic reactions, repairs useless or toxic endogenous compounds, formed as by-products of primary metabolism, by converting them into useful metabolites.


positive regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


negative regulation of myelination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA(4-).


protein catabolic process at synapse

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at a synapse.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.


copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide

The incorporation of copper into a 4Cu-S copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide.


biliverdin reductase (NAD(P)+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bilirubin + NAD(P)+ = biliverdin + NAD(P)H + H+.


zygote asymmetric cell division

The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.


kidney development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.


Catalysis of the reaction L-phenylalanine + oxaloacetate = phenylpyruvate + aspartate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-amino acid + H+ = R-H + CO2.


cardiac glial cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to cardiac glial cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac glial cells.


muscle hyperplasia

A muscle system process that results in an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.


swim bladder inflation

The expansion of the swim bladder by trapped gases. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


cellular response to sulfur dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


propionate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate, the anion derived from propionic (propanoic) acid, a carboxylic acid important in the energy metabolism of ruminants.


GMP catabolic process to guanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including guanine.


phosphopyruvate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O.


negative regulation of embryonic camera-type eye development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic camera-type eye development.


1-methylguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-methylguanosine.


The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated protein.


regulation of response to propan-1-ol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


glucose binding

Binding to D- or L-enantiomers of glucose.


ABC-type L-arabinose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + L-arabinose(out) -> ADP + phosphate + L-arabinose(in).


regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.


cholate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (1) ATP + cholate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + choloyl-CoA and (2) ATP + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA.


3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


lactosylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.


peptidyl-lysine desuccinylation

The removal of a succinyl group (CO-CH2-CH2-CO) from a succinylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.


oxalate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + O2 + oxalate = 2 CO2 + H2O2.


cardiac conduction system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.


dimethylsulfoxide oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfoxide + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> sulfonyldimethane + H2O + NADP.


heme C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme C, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.


Met1-linked polyubiquitin deubiquitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ubiquitin units from Met1-linked (or linear) polyubiquitin chains.


cellular response to carbendazim

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbendazim stimulus.


response to growth hormone-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulus. Growth hormone-releasing hormone regulates the release of growth hormone, as well as some pancreatic proteins, and possibly other proteins.


sensory organ precursor cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


regulation of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein A-I-mediated signaling pathway.


steviolbioside glucosyltransferase activity (stevioside forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: steviolbioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = stevioside + UDP + H+.


regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.


endodermal cell fate commitment

The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm.


endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

The binding of an endothelial cell to the extracellular matrix via fibronectin.


vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-25 of any form of vitamin D.


sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction

The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction.


negative regulation of oogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.


glial cell activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a glial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


methyl ethyl ketone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in making plastics, textiles and paints.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydrostreptomycin 6-phosphate = ADP + dihydrostreptomycin 3'alpha,6-bisphosphate + 2 H+.


negative regulation of leaf senescence

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leaf senescence.


response to plumbagin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + succinyl-CoA = O-succinyl-L-homoserine + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid + reduced acceptor.


pre-miRNA processing

A process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production

The appearance of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


iprodione amidohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iprodione + OH- = 3,5-dichlorophenylcarboximide + N-isopropylcarbamate.


tolerance induction to self antigen

Tolerance induction directed at self antigens.


pedicel mucilage metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the flower stem.


G-quadruplex DNA unwinding

The process by which G-quadruplex (also known as G4) DNA, which is a four-stranded DNA structure held together by guanine base pairing, is unwound or 'melted'.


visually-mediated background adaptation

Any process in which an organism changes its pigmentation (lightening in response to a brighter environment or darkening in response to a dimmer environment) in response to a change in light intensity detected by melanopsin-expressing eye cells.


negative regulation of tissue remodeling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.


regulation of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: syringetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,3',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


ergosterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + ergosterol = CoA + ergosterol ester.


Catalysis of the reaction:a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + CoA.


luteolin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.


regulation of vegetative meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a vegetative meristem.


regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


gut granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gut granule.


neuroblast division in pallium

The division of neuroblasts in the pallium. Neuroblasts are precursor cells that give rise to neurons.


specification of mesonephric connecting tubule identity

The process in which the connecting tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.


polynucleotide 5' dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 5' end of a polynucleotide.


glyphosate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide also known by the trade name Roundup. It is a member of a broad class of compounds known as phosphonic acids, which contain a direct carbon-to-phosphorus (C-P) bond.


chemoattraction involved in precerebellar neuron migration

The creation and reception of signals that guide a precerebellar neuron towards their signals, where this process is involved in tangential migration.


regulation of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation.


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule segment 2 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the S2 portion of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The S2 portion of the metanephric proximal tubule is involved in reabsorption of water and sodium chloride.


NADPHX epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-NADPHX = (S)-NADPHX.


post-embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis

The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


acetoacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.


hopanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.


positive regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.


o-succinylbenzoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoate + ATP + CoA = 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


(1->4)-beta-D-galactan binding

Binding to (1->4)-beta-D-galactan.


dihydrofolate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dihydropterate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + dihydrofolate.


perturbation by symbiont of host cytoskeleton

The process in which an organism effects a change that impairs the structure or function of the host cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular response to singlet oxygen

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.


pulmonary artery endothelial tube morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from the pulmonary artery endothelium. An pulmonary artery endothelium is an epithelium that lines the pulmonary artery.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 6-hydroxy-2-mercaptobenzothiazole.


regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.


mono-olein transacylation activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mono-olein + mono-olein = diolein + glycerol. Mono-olein, also known as mono-oleoylglycerol, is the monoglyceride formed from oleic acid, 9-octodecenoic acid; diolein is also known as dioleoylglycerol.


positive regulation of platelet rolling

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of platelet rolling.


positive regulation of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway involved in determination of lateral mesoderm left/right asymmetry.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine-epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine or epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoamide + CO2.


homocysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homocysteine, 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.


amphisome-lysosome fusion

The process in which amphisomes fuse with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole. Fusion provides an acidic environment and digestive function to the interior of the amphisome.


protein processing in phagocytic vesicle

Protein processing that takes place in the phagosome. Most protein processing in the phagosome represents protein degradation.


stomach development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomach over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stomach is an expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ.


arginase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + H2O = L-ornithine + urea.


Catalyzes the reaction: (1'S,5'S)-hydroxyaverantin + NAD+ <=> 5'-oxoaverantin + NADH.


laminaribiose binding

Binding to laminaribiose, a disaccharide.


lithocholic acid binding

Binding to lithocholic acid.


regulation of helicase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of helicase activity.


vulval cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a nematode vulval cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed adult vulva, which is the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes.