neuropeptide signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a neuropeptide binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


galanin-activated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the peptide neurotransmitter galanin binding to a cell surface receptor.


acyl-CoA N-acyltransferase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-CoA to a nitrogen atom on an acceptor molecule.


ventral spinal cord interneuron fate commitment

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a ventral spinal cord interneuron. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.


syringal lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of syringal lignin.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.


cellular response to lithium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.


response to lithium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.


mast cell chemotaxis

The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.


beta-amyrin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = beta-amyrin. This reaction is the cyclization and rearrangement of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) into beta-amyrin.


intramolecular transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a functional group from one position to another within a single molecule.


isochorismate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = isochorismate.


hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate isomerase activity

A hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate <=> a hydroxy epoxy icosatrienoate.


5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate.


UDP-arabinopyranose mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-beta-L-arabinofuranose = UDP-beta-L-arabinopyranose.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(5'-methylthio)pentylmalate <=> 3-(5'-methylthio)pentylmalate.


methylaspartate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: threo-3-methyl-L-aspartate = L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucose-1-phosphate = glucose-6-phosphate; using D-glucose as a cofactor.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.


squalene-hopene cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: squalene = hop-22(29)-ene.


beta-lysine 5,6-aminomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoate = (3S,5S)-3,5-diaminohexanoate.


lysine 2,3-aminomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine = (3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoate.


rRNA pseudouridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an rRNA uridine = an rRNA pseudouridine. Conversion of uridine in an rRNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5.


isomaltulose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose = 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose.


phosphoglucomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-sedoheptulose-7-phosphate = D-alpha,beta-D-heptose 7-phosphate.


phosphoglycerate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycerate = 3-phosphoglycerate.


lanosterol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = lanosterol. This is a cyclization reaction that forms the sterol nucleus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(3-methylthiopropyl)malate(2-) <=> 3-(3'-methylthio)propylmalate.


arabidiol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene + H2O = arabidiol ((13R,14R,17E)-malabarica-17,21-diene-3beta,14-diol).


chorismate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = prephenate.


3-(hydroxyamino)phenol mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxyaminophenol = aminohydroquinone.


2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate; this reaction mechanism uses 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as a phosphate donor.


cycloartenol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = cycloartenol.


thalianol synthase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of 3(S)-oxidosqualene to (3S,13S,14R)-malabarica-8,17,21-trien-3-ol (thalianol).


pivalyl-CoA mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pivalyl-CoA = 3-methylbutyryl-CoA.


bisphosphoglycerate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate = 2,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate.


cucurbitadienol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene = cucurbitadienol.


(hydroxyamino)benzene mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (hydroxyamino)benzene = 2-aminophenol.


o-hydroxylaminobenzoate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: o-hydroxylaminobenzoate = 3-hydroxyanthranilate.


tyrosine 2,3-aminomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = 3-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


snRNA pseudouridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an snRNA uridine = an snRNA pseudouridine. Conversion of uridine in an snRNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5.


leucine 2,3-aminomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine = (3R)-beta-leucine.


oxidosqualene cyclase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene to form a triterpene.


phosphopentomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1-phosphate = D-ribose 5-phosphate.


baruol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = baruol. Baruol is also known as D:B-Friedo-Baccharan-5,21-dien-3-ol.


intramolecular transferase activity, transferring acyl groups

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one position to another within a single molecule.


beta-galactosidase activity (lactose isomerization)

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-lactose = beta-(1->6)-galactobiose.


Catalysis of the reaction: maltose = trehalose.


2-methyleneglutarate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyleneglutarate = 2-methylene-3-methylsuccinate.


2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = 3-phospho-D glycerate; this reaction does not require the cofactor 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate.


marneral synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oxidosqualene = marneral.


phosphoglucosamine mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(4'-methylthio)butylmalate <=> 3-(4'-methylthio)butylmalate.


9,12-octadecadienoate 8-hydroperoxide 8S-isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (8R,9Z,12Z)-8-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate = (7S,8S,9Z,12Z)-7,8-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxymethyl-4-methylbut-2-en-1,4-olide = 4-carboxymethyl-3-methylbut-2-en-1,4-olide.


camelliol C synthase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene = camelliol C.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(7'-methylthio)heptylmalate <=> 3-(7'-methylthio)heptylmalate.


lysolecithin acylmutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


D-ribose pyranase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-ribopyranose = beta-D-ribofuranose.


intramolecular transferase activity, transferring amino groups

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from one position to another within a single molecule.


lupeol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = lupeol. This reaction is the cyclization of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) to lupeol.


D-lysine 5,6-aminomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine = 2,5-diaminohexanoate.


phosphoenolpyruvate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate = 3-phosphonopyruvate.


tRNA pseudouridine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA uridine = tRNA pseudouridine. Conversion of uridine in a tRNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5.


intramolecular transferase activity, transferring hydroxy groups

Catalysis of the transfer of a hydroxyl group from one position to another within a single molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(6'-methylthio)hexylmalate <=> 3-(6'-methylthio)hexylmalate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl](n-1)-D-glucose = 1-alpha-D-[(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl](n-1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 8 = cobyrinate.


precorrin-8X methylmutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: precorrin-8X = hydrogenobyrinate.


alpha-amyrin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene = alpha-amyrin. This reaction is a cyclization and rearrangement of (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene (2,3-oxidosqualene) into alpha-amyrin.


2-acetolactate mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetolactate = 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate.


isobutyryl-CoA mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isobutyryl-CoA = butanoyl-CoA.


D-ornithine 4,5-aminomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ornithine = (2R,4S)-2,4-diaminopentanoate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate = 5-aminolevulinate.


methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA.


beta-phosphoglucomutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate = beta-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


UDP-galactopyranose mutase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galactopyranose = UDP-D-galacto-1,4-furanose.


double membrane vesicle viral factory membrane

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

One of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory.


double membrane vesicle viral factory inner membrane

The inner of the two endoplasmic reticulum-derived lipid bilayer membranes that bound a double membrane vesicle viral factory.


neuronal action potential

An action potential that occurs in a neuron.


5-aminovalerate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 5-aminopentanoate = 5-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxy benzoate = 2-octaprenylphenol + CO2.


regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


regulation of response to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.


regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.


positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.


negative regulation of response to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.


regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


negative regulation of immune response to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.


positive regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.


negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


negative regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.


regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


positive regulation of response to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.


positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.


regulation of immune response to tumor cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.


negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


positive regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.


positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


metanephric smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


female gonad development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


gonad development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones.


male gonad development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


platelet dense granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.


iridosome

A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Iridosomes are synthesized in iridophore cells and are silver, gold or iridescent in appearance.


polyphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


prophage integrase activity

Catalysis of the integration of prophage DNA into a target DNA molecule, usually a bacterial chromosome, via a sequence-specific recombination event which involves the formation of an intasome, a DNA-protein-complex designed for site-specific recombination of the phage and host DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + phosphinothricin <=> H+ + coenzyme A(4-) + N-acetylphosphinatothricinate.


peroxisome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


vesicle fusion with peroxisome

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the peroxisome.


establishment of protein localization to peroxisome

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a peroxisome.


ER-dependent peroxisome organization

A process of peroxisome organization in which assembly or arrangement of constituent parts takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum.


protein localization to peroxisome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a peroxisome.


glyoxysome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the glyoxysome. A glyoxysome is a microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway.


ER-dependent peroxisome localization

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a peroxisome via the endoplasmic reticulum.


peroxisome inheritance

The acquisition of peroxisomes by daughter cells from the mother cell after replication. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the number of peroxisomes cells is fairly constant; a subset of the organelles are targeted and segregated to the bud in a highly ordered, vectorial process. Efficient segregation of peroxisomes from mother to bud is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, and active movement of peroxisomes along actin filaments is driven by the class V myosin motor protein, Myo2p.


peroxisome disassembly

The disaggregation of a peroxisome into its constituent components.


cardiolipin binding

Binding to cardiolipin.


TTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.


glycine formimidoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + glycine = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoylglycine.


cellular response to dopamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus.


branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.


establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any cellular process that results in the specification or formation of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth pattern that regulates the shape of a cell.


female germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes.


stem cell division

The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types.


symmetric division of skeletal muscle satellite stem cell

The symmetric division of a skeletal muscle satellite stem cell, resulting in two skeletal muscle satellite stem cells. This process is involved in amplification of the pool of these cells.


asymmetric stem cell division

Division of a stem cell during which it retains its identity and buds off a daughter cell with a new identity.


skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division

The asymmetric division of a skeletal muscle satellite stem cell to produce two daughter cells, one of which is destined to differentiate and the other to be a quiescent cell that restocks the satellite cell pool.


male germline stem cell symmetric division

The symmetric division of a male germline stem cell to produce two male germline stem cells. An example of this is found in mammalian spermatogonial stem cells, some proportion of which divide symmetrically, so amplifying the population. The choice between asymmetric and symmetric division in this case appears to be internal and stochastic.


female germline stem cell symmetric division

Division of a female germline stem cell to produce two germline stem cells of the same type as the parent.


germline stem cell symmetric division

Division of a germline stem cell to produce two germline stem cells of the same type as the parent.


symmetric stem cell division

Symmetric division of a stem cell to produce two stem cells of the same type as the parent. Symmetric stem cell division is necessary for amplification of stem cell populations in the absence of sources of stem cells external to an existing population.


male germ-line stem cell asymmetric division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes.


somatic stem cell division

The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.


skeletal muscle satellite stem cell asymmetric division involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

Skeletal muscle satellite cell asymmetric division that occurs during a process in which damaged muscle tissue is being rebuilt.


germline stem cell asymmetric division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell which will divide to form one or more gametes.


neuronal stem cell division

The self-renewing division of a neuronal stem cell.


germ-line stem cell division

The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes.


plastid envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


chloroplast envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


amyloplast envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the amyloplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


etioplast envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the etioplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


chromoplast envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chromoplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


cyanelle envelope

The double lipid bilayer enclosing the cyanelle and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.


denitrification pathway

The reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen by four reactions; each intermediate is transformed to the next lower oxidation state; also part of cellular bioenergetics; the nitrogen compounds can serve as terminal acceptors for electron transport phosphorylation in place of oxygen.


neural crest cell migration involved in heart formation

The characteristic movement of a cell from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube towards the heart and that contributes to heart formation.


mesenchymal cell migration

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


neural crest cell migration

The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo.


trunk neural crest cell migration

The characteristic movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube to other locations in the vertebrate embryo.


dorsolateral trunk neural crest cell migration

The movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube, travelling dorso-laterally into the ectoderm and continuing toward the ventral midline of the belly. These migrating trunk neural crest cells become melanocytes, the melanin-forming pigment cells.


mesenchymal cell migration involved in limb bud formation

The orderly movement of a mesenchymal cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of a limb bud.


neural crest cell migration involved in autonomic nervous system development

Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in autonomic nervous system development.


ventral trunk neural crest cell migration

The movement of trunk neural crest cells from the neural tube, travelling ventrally through the anterior half of each sclerotome. Trunk neural crest cells that remain in the sclerotome form the dorsal root ganglia containing the sensory neurons. Trunk neural crest cells that continue more ventrally form the sympathetic ganglia, the adrenal medulla, and the nerve clusters surrounding the aorta.


cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.


neural crest cell migration involved in sympathetic nervous system development

Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in sympathetic nervous system development.


complement-mediated synapse pruning

Synaptic pruning mediated by complement system signalling.


octopamine receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine octopamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Octopamine is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates and can have properties both of a hormone and a neurotransmitter and acts as an adrenergic agonist.


tubular endosome

A network of fine tubules in the vicinity of the Golgi complex and around the centriole.


N-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dichloroaniline + malonyl-CoA = N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)malonamate + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-tryptophan + malonyl-CoA = N(2)-malonyl-D-tryptophan + CoA + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + malonyl-CoA = N-malonylanthranilate + CoA.


peptidyl-lysine modification to peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine

The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine.


cyclohexylamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexylamine + O2 + H2O = cyclohexanone + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


NEDD8 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of NEDD8 from one protein to another via the reaction X-NEDD8 + Y = Y-NEDD8 + X, where both X-NEDD8 and Y-NEDD8 are covalent linkages.


NEDD8 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of NEDD8 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-NEDD8 + S = X + S-NEDD8, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-NEDD8 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-NEDD8 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of NEDD8 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


NEDD8 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of NEDD8 from one protein to another via the reaction X-NEDD8 + Y = Y-NEDD8 + X, where both the X-NEDD8 and Y-NEDD8 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of NEDD8 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


cellular response to potassium ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of potassium ions.


Catalysis of the reaction: a flavanone + UDP-D-glucose = a flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


nuclear receptor activity

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulated by binding to a ligand that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Nuclear receptor ligands are usually lipid-based (such as a steroid hormone) and the binding of the ligand to its receptor often occurs in the cytosol, which leads to its translocation to the nucleus.


ligand-activated transcription factor activity

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulated by binding to a ligand and that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets. Examples include the lac and trp repressors in E.coli and steroid hormone receptors.


pyroglutamyl-peptidase activity

Catalysis of the release of the N-terminal pyroglutamyl group from a peptide or protein.


leukotriene-C(4) hydrolase

Catalysis of the reaction leukotriene C(4) + H2O= leukotriene D(4) + L-glutamate.


beta-aspartyl-peptidase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a beta-linked aspartic residue from the N-terminus of a polypeptide.


L-mimosine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxypyridine + O-acetyl-L-serine = 3-(3,4-dihydroxypyridinium-1-yl)-L-alanine + acetate.


4-oxalmesaconate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-4-oxobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate = (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + H2O.


CCU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCU codon.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive alpha-maltose residues from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-carboxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H+.


axon collateral

Any of the smaller branches of an axon that emanate from the main axon cylinder.


recurrent axon collateral

Axon collateral that ramifies in the area of the soma of the cell of origin.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3S,5S)-3,5-diaminohexanoate + H2O + NAD+ = (S)-5-amino-3-oxo-hexanoate + H+ + NADH + NH4.


initiation of appressorium formation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire specialized features of the symbiont appressorium to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3,6-tetrakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose = 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose + D-glucose.


cellular response to methanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.


sensory perception of taste

The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of chemical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of bitter taste

The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


magnetoreception by sensory perception of chemical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a chemical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. It is believed that organisms such as birds and salamanders use a 'chemical compass': chemical reactions that involve transitions between different spin states can be influenced by magnetic fields and by detecting the different product ratios, these organisms can perceive the direction of the magnetic field. The mechanism by which this is detected is not certain but it may also involve light stimuli.


sensory perception of sweet taste

The series of events required to receive a sweet taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of smell

The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of salty taste

The series of events required to receive a salty taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of sour taste

The series of events required to receive a sour taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


sensory perception of umami taste

The series of events required to receive an umami taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates. This is a neurological process.


chlororespiration

A respiratory electron flow (from NAD(P)H to plastoquinone (PQ) and O2) involving both a nonphotochemical reduction and re-oxidation of PQ pool.


negative regulation of stomatal opening

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal opening.


negative regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


negative regulation of neural crest formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation

The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland branch epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the branch. The mammary gland branch differs from the bud in that it is not the initial curved portion of the outgrowth.


benzoyl acetate-CoA thiolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl acetyl-CoA + CoA = acetyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA.


positive regulation of stress response to copper ion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stress response to copper ion.


motogenic signaling initiating cell movement in cerebral cortex

The interaction of soluble factors and receptors that result in the movement of cells in the primitive cerebral cortex.


neurotransmitter signaling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

Signaling by neurotransmitters and their receptors that results in the initiation of movement of cells as a component of the process of glial-mediated radial migration.


neurotrophic factor signaling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

Signaling between members of the neurotrophin family and their receptors that result in the start of cell motility as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.


growth factor signaling initiating cell movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

Signaling between growth factors and their receptors that results in the start of cell movement, where this process is involved in glial-mediated radial migration in the cerebral cortex.


detection of virus

The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


hydrogenase activity (NAD+, ferredoxin)

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 dihydrogen + NAD + 2 an oxidized ferredoxin = NADH + 3 H+ + 2 a reduced ferredoxin.


positive regulation of chondrocyte development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte development.


positive regulation of cartilage development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


glutathione hydrolase complex

Enzyme complex that in S. cerevisiae has components Dug2/Dug3 and is able to catalyze the cleavage of glutathione into glutamate and Cys-Gly.


eosinophil differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specializes features of an eosinophil.


regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing connective tissue replacement, which may be replaced with fibrotic material, that occurs as part of an inflammatory response.


negative regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing connective tissue replacement, which may be replaced with fibrotic material, that occurs as part of an inflammatory response.


positive regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing connective tissue replacement, which may be replaced with fibrotic material, that occurs as part of an inflammatory response.


phenylacetyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phenylglyoxylyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + phenylglyoxylate.


SUMO conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of SUMO from one protein to another via the reaction X-SUMO + Y = Y-SUMO + X, where both the X-SUMO and Y-SUMO linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SUMO and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


cellular response to diterpene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diterpene stimulus.


ATP dimethylallyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delta(2)-isopentenyl diphosphate + ATP = diphosphate + N6-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate.


mevaldate reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + NADP+ = H+ + mevaldate + NADPH.


synaptic vesicle, resting pool

A synaptic vesicle belonging to the pool that remain unreleased even after prolonged stimulation causes a saturating degree of vesicular turnover. 50-80% of the total number of synaptic vesicles at a resting terminal bouton are in this pool.


S-adenosylmethionine cycle

A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, and L-methionine. Couples utilization of the methyl group of SAM with recycling of the homocysteinyl group and regeneration of methionine.


thebane O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thebaine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> oripavine + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


protein localization to old growing cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an old growing cell tip.


protein localization to growing cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a growing cell tip.


protein localization to new growing cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a new growing cell tip.


methyl-CpG binding

Binding to a methylated cytosine/guanine dinucleotide.


diazepam binding

Binding to diazepam, one of the most widely used benzodiazepine drugs. It is used as an anti-anxiety-hypnotic agent and has the proprietary name Valium.


DMNT synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (3S,6E)-nerolidol + NADPH + O2 <=> (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene + buten-2-one + NADP + 2 H2O.


positive regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.


AMP nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + H2O = D-ribose 5-phosphate + adenine.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly

Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon.


dendritic cell dendrite assembly

Formation of dendrites, branched cellular projections (or cytoplasmic extension) that are extended from the surface of a dendritic immune cell, and which enable the cell to sample luminal pathogens and increase the surface area for antigen presentation to T cells.


lamellipodium assembly involved in ameboidal cell migration

Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self propelled movement of a cell.


lateral pseudopodium assembly

The extension of a pseudopodium from the lateral area of a cell.


mating projection formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell projection in response to mating pheromone. This process is observed in unicellular fungi.


endothelial tip cell filopodium assembly

The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the endothelial tip cell of a vascular sprout.


microvillus assembly

Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.


uropod assembly

The assembly of a uropod by rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.


bleb assembly

The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses.


lamellipodium assembly involved in mesendodermal cell migration

Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell that contributes to the directed self-propelled movement of a mesendodermal cell.


extension of leading cell process to pial surface

The extension of a long process to the pial surface as a cell leaves the ventricular zone.


ruffle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork. The formation of ruffles (also called membrane ruffling) is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cdc42.


cytoneme assembly

Formation of a cytoneme, a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.


extension of a leading process involved in cell motility in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that result in the extension of a leading process, where this process is involved in the movement of cells along radial glial cells.


filopodium assembly

The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.


lamellipodium assembly

Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.


microspike assembly

Formation of a microspike, a dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.


substrate-dependent cell migration, cell extension

The formation of a cell surface protrusion, such as a lamellipodium or filopodium, at the leading edge of a migrating cell.


pseudopodium assembly

The assembly of a pseudopodium by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.


cellular response to interferon-beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-ureidopropionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-ureidopropionate.


mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport

The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane.


ATP synthesis coupled electron transport

The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.


plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled electron transport

The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP in the plasma membrane.


compound eye cone cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,4R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene + NADPH + O2 = NADP+ + OH- + (3R)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoate.


negative regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of B-1 B cell differentiation.


negative regulation of B cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.


negative regulation of plasma cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation.


negative regulation of B cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


negative regulation of B cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.


positive regulation of core promoter binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a nitrogenous group, excluding NH and NH2 groups, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.


pancreatic A cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pancreatic A cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.


proteolysis by cytosolic proteases associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by cytosolic resident proteases during antigen processing and presentation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O + NADP+ = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + H+ + NADPH.


3',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding

Binding to 3',3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide, a cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclized via 3',5' and 3',5' linkages.


regulation of coreceptor activity

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of coreceptor activity, combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.


13-lipoxin reductase activity

Definition: Catalysis of the reaction: 15-oxolipoxin A4 + NAD(P)H + H+ = 13,14-dihydro-15-oxolipoxin A4 + NAD(P)+.


platelet activating factor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.


platelet activating factor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.


platelet activating factor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of platelet activating factor, 2-O-acetyl-1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.


positive regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.


regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.


negative regulation of glucuronosyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronosyltransferase activity.


(-)-pinoresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-pinoresinol.


lignan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


lignan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-pinoresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-3'-hydroxylarreatricin.


(-)-lariciresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-lariciresinol.


(-)-lariciresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-lariciresinol.


lignan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.


(-)-lariciresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-lariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-pinoresinol.


(+)-pinoresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-pinoresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-lariciresinol.


(-)-pinoresinol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-pinoresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-lariciresinol.


(+)-lariciresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-lariciresinol.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-secoisolariciresinol.


(+)-larreatricin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-larreatricin.


(-)-pinoresinol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (-)-pinoresinol.


acyl coenzyme A: isopenicillin N acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + isopenicillin N + H2O <=> H+ + coenzyme A + penicillin K + L-2-aminoadipate.


embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration

The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb.


lateral root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


post-embryonic root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the post-embryonic root over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis.


regulation of branching involved in mammary cord morphogenesis by fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching of the mammary gland cord as a result of a signal being created by a mammary fat precursor cell and its subsequent reception and interpretation by a mammary cord epithelial cell.


detection of phosphate ion

The series of events in which a phosphate ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


endothelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


endocardial endothelium development

The progression of the endocardial endothelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


PML body

A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.


galactarate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: galactarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.


protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

The process of protecting a cell from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.


negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity.


Bolwig's organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Bolwig's organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.


morphine receptor activity

Combining with morphine (17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


pyrrolysine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.


interleukin-31 production

The appearance of interleukin-31 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.


positive regulation of male pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2 NADPH + 2 O2 + 2 H+ <=> (E)-phenylacetaldehyde oxime + 2 NADP + 3 H2O + carbon dioxide.


triglyceride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.


triglyceride biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


triglyceride catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


triglyceride mobilization

The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism.


triglyceride acyl-chain remodeling

Remodeling the acyl chains of triacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate triacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


RNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


RNA exonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.


exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.


exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


DNA 5'-adenosine monophosphate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-AMP-DNA + H2O = AMP + DNA; nucleophilic release of a covalently linked adenylate residue from a DNA strand, leaving a 5' phosphate terminus.


exoribonuclease II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction.


ribonuclease D activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage that removes extra residues from the 3'-terminus of tRNA to produce 5'-mononucleotides.


poly(U)-specific exoribonuclease activity, producing 3' uridine cyclic phosphate ends

Catalysis of 3' exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U), to form poly(U)-N containing a 3' uridine cyclic phosphate (U>P).


single-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.


5'-3' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a DNA molecule.


double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.


5'-3' RNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of an RNA molecule.


exodeoxyribonuclease V activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides.


3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity involved in mature miRNA 3'-end processing

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule that contributes to forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA.


3'-5'-DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.


poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to 5'-AMP.


DNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


double-stranded DNA 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


D-tyrosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-tyrosine.


D-tyrosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-tyrosine.


promoter-enhancer loop anchoring activity

Bridging together two cis-regulatory elements, colloquially referred to as promoters and/or enhancers, holding two loop anchors together to maintain a chromatin loop.


epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


sinoatrial valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the sinoatrial valve is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine desaturase activity (SN2-18:3 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac neural crest cell that will migrate to the heart and contribute to its development. Cardiac neural crest cells are specialized cells that migrate toward the heart from the third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches.


cytoplasmic side of late endosome membrane

The side (leaflet) of the late endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


tetracenomycin B3 8-O-methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetracenomycin B3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> tetracenomycin E + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


disruption of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction

Any process in which an organism interferes with adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cornified envelope

A type of plasma membrane that has been modified through addition of distinct intracellular and extracellular components, including ceramide, found in cornifying epithelial cells (corneocytes).


apical plasma membrane urothelial plaque

A scallop-shaped plaque, also referred to as an asymmetric unit membrane (AUM), found in the apical plasma membrane of urothelial superficial (umbrella) cells which form a a barrier to the passage of water and soluble toxic compounds found in urine. The plaques are thickened regions of membrane composed of uroplakin transmembrane proteins which form a crystalline array.


sperm plasma membrane

A plasma membrane that is part of a sperm cell.


sarcolemma

The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.


positive regulation of molecular function

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


positive regulation of ferrous iron binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.


activation of phospholipase C activity

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


positive regulation of RNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.


positive regulation of glucosylceramidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.


positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity.


positive regulation of collagen binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.


positive regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


positive regulation of arginase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.


positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.


positive regulation of binding

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


positive regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


activation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase.


positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


positive regulation of DNA binding

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


positive regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase, typically by lowering its sensitivity to inhibition by glutathione and by increasing its affinity for glutamate.


positive regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.


positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.


positive regulation of pyruvate kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.


positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.


positive regulation of recombination hotspot binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination hotspot binding.


positive regulation of transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter.


positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.


positive regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


positive regulation of mRNA cap binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.


positive regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.


positive regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


positive regulation of water channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.


positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.


positive regulation of triglyceride lipase activity

Any process that increases the activity of triglyceride lipase.


positive regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


positive regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


positive regulation of deacetylase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.


positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of mRNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.


positive regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of beta-galactosidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.


positive regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.


positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


positive regulation of polysome binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


positive regulation of catalase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.


positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


positive regulation of lyase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.


positive regulation of molecular function in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of chromatin binding

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.


positive regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


positive regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of AMPA receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.


positive regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


positive regulation of urease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of urease activity.


positive regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of cyclase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cyclase.


positive regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.


positive regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


positive regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands.


positive regulation of helicase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a helicase.


positive regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of lens transparency

Any positive regulation of water channel activity that is involved in maintenance of lens transparency.


positive regulation of monooxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a monooxygenase.


positive regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.


positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


positive regulation of GABA-A receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABA-A receptor activity.


positive regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of threonine-tRNA ligase activity.


receptor transactivation

The process in which a receptor is activated by another receptor. Receptor transactivation can occur through different mechanisms and includes cross-talk between signaling pathways where one receptor activates a receptor for a different ligand, and also activation of subunits within a receptor oligomer.


positive regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of phospholipase C activity

Any process that increases the rate of phospholipase C activity.


positive regulation of GTP binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.


positive regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.


positive regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of signaling receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity.


positive regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


positive regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


positive regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.


positive regulation of CoA-transferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.


positive regulation of phospholipase activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


positive regulation of aconitate hydratase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.


positive regulation of ATP-dependent activity

Any process that activates or increases the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


positive regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.


positive regulation of lysozyme activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme monophenol oxygenase.


positive regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.


positive regulation of isomerase activity

Any process that increases the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.


positive regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


positive regulation of triplex DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.


positive regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.


positive regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.


positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


activation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that initiates the activity of inactive phospholipase D.


positive regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.


positive regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.


positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter.


positive regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.


positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.


positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.


positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.


positive regulation of transferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.


positive regulation of ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.


positive regulation of cation channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.


positive regulation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.


positive regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.


positive regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


positive regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of lipase activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


positive regulation of receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


positive regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


positive regulation of heparan sulfate binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.


positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.


positive regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.


activation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme phospholipase A2.


positive regulation of lipid binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.


positive regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.


positive regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.


positive regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


positive regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.


positive regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of euchromatin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.


positive regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


positive regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


positive regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.


positive regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


positive regulation of telomeric DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.


positive regulation of hydrolase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.


negative regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.


histone H3-K9 acetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-alanyl-peptide = CoA + H+ + N-terminal N-alpha-acetyl-L-alanyl-peptide.


cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

A negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway process that positively_regulates spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


snRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule.


adrenal cortex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The adrenal cortex is located at the periphery of the adrenal gland and controls glucose and electrolyte metabolism, response to stress and sexual development through the production of different classes of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens).


D-arabinonolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-arabinonate + H+.


pheophorbidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2. The reaction occurs in two steps; pheophoridase catalyzes the conversion of pheophorbide a to a precursor of pyropheophorbide a, C-13(2)-carboxylpyropheophorbide a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated non-enzymatically to yield pyropheophorbide a.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylserine + H2O = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + fatty acid.


mycophenolic acid acyl-glucuronide esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mycophenolic acid O-acyl-glucuronide(1-) + H2O <=> mycophenolate + H+ + D-glucopyranuronate.


all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl ester = 11-cis-retinol + fatty acid.


Gly-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Gly-tRNA(Ala).


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-acyl ethyl ester + H2O = a long-chain carboxylic acid + ethanol.


acetylajmaline esterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 17-O-acetylajmaline + H2O = ajmaline + acetate, and 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + H2O = norajmaline + acetate.


pectinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + n H2O = n methanol + pectate.


tropinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atropine + H2O = H+ + tropate + tropine.


acetylxylan esterase activity

Catalysis of the deacetylation of xylans and xylo-oligosaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.


fusarinine-C ornithinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N5-acyl-L-ornithine ester + H2O = N5-acyl-L-ornithine + an alcohol.