positive regulation of TOR signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TOR signaling.


regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic sister chromatid separation. Mitotic sister chromatid separation is the process in which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: D-alanine + L-glutamine = gamma-L-glutamyl-D-alanine + NH4.


positive regulation by host of symbiont type IV pilus-dependent motility

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the type IV pilus-dependent motility of a symbiont organism (i.e. the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili, and which includes social gliding motility and twitching motility). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


FR-33289 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FR-900098 + 2-oxoglutarate(2-) + O2 <=> FR-33289 + succinate(2-) + carbon dioxide.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-maltose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + maltose(out) = protein histidine + maltose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen

The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV.


ISG15 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ISG15 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ISG15 + S = X + S-ISG15, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ISG15 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ISG15 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


lamellocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a lamellocyte. Lamellocytes are a hemocyte lineage that exists only in larvae, but are seldom observed in healthy animals. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


osteoblast differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.


head kidney maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the head kidney to attain its fully functional state. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.


regulation of crystal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


cell wall beta-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: acetate(out) + H+(out) = acetate(in) + H+(in).


DNA recombinase mediator complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a DNA recombinase mediator complex.


S-methylmethionine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of S-methylmethionine from one side of a membrane to the other.


bacterial nucleoid packaging

A process in which chromosomal DNA and associated proteins organize into a compact, orderly bacterial nucleoid. Often resulting in DNA supercoiling.


dendrite regeneration

The regrowth of dendrites in response to their loss or damage.


endosulfan hydroxyether dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan hydroxyether = endosulfan lactone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure

A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and docking of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters.


trans-synaptic signaling, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.


regulation of tendon cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.


cytosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cytosine + H2O = uracil + NH3.


hydroxypyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypyruvate + H+ = CO2 + glycolaldehyde.


L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-idonate + NAD(P)+ = 5-dehydrogluconate + NAD(P)H + H+.


glycolytic fermentation

Fermentation that includes the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.


border follicle cell delamination

The delamination process that results in the splitting off of border cells from the anterior epithelium, prior to border cell migration.


positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.


negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.


glyoxylate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine <=> cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexa-3-enoate + H2O = benzoate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate.


rRNA methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a nucleoside residue in an rRNA molecule.


positive regulation of transdifferentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transdifferentiation.


lipid-A-disaccharide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine = 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + H+ + UDP.


regulation of cellular localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.


taxadiene 5-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + taxa-4,11-diene = A + H2O + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol.


forebrain cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the forebrain.


response to cholesterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus.


diapedesis

The passage of a leukocyte between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation.


histone peptidyl-prolyl isomerization

The modification of a histone by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.


myoblast differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a relatively unspecialized satellite cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


estivation

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy, similar to hibernation, but that occurs during the summer. It insulates against heat to prevent the harmful effects of the season.


regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


folic acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: folic acid(out) + H+(out) = folic acid(in) + H+(in). The main folic acid symporter is the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter (PCFT/SLC46A1), which has similar affinity for transport of reduced folates (5-methyl THF, 5-formyl THF) and folic acid.


L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-alanine is the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


oncostatin M production

The appearance of oncostatin M due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching.


sulfation

The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule.


cellular response to oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.


regulation of platelet activation

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


positive regulation of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral DNA genome packaging via site-specific sequence recognition.


lateral mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


mucilage metabolic process involved in seed coat development

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.


synapse assembly involved in innervation

The assembly of a synapse within a target tissue in which a nerve is invading.


iron chelate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an iron chelate from one side of a membrane to the other. An iron chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.


leukocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a leukocyte. A leukocyte is an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD + = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+.


glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine by oxidative cleavage to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and a methylene group, mediated by enzymes of the glycine cleavage complex.


peripheral B cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in peripheral B cells.


tricuspid valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the tricuspid valve is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-isopropenyl-2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-isopropenylpimelyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxyhexanoate + NAD+ = 6-oxohexanoate + H+ + NADH.


forebrain neuron fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron that resides in the forebrain.


ferrichrome metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.


beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + beta-adrenergic receptor = ADP + phospho-beta-adrenergic receptor.


cellular response to tacrolimus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tacrolimus (FK506) stimulus.


homeostasis of number of cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells.


interleukin-24 production

The appearance of interleukin-24 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of laminaritriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.


mesonephric glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The mesonephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate mesonephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: heteroglycan + GDP-mannose = (1->2)-alpha-D-mannosylheteroglycan + GDP.


regulation of aecium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process in which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.


2-oxoglutarate carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + ATP + bicarbonate = ADP + 2 H+ + oxalosuccinate + phosphate.


inositol phosphorylceramide mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1D-myo-inositol-1-phospho-N-[(R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acyl]-(R)-4-hydroxysphingoid base + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1,6)-1D-myo-inositol-1-phospho-N-[(R)-2-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acyl]-(R)-4-hydroxysphingoid base + GDP + H+.


regulation of vasoconstriction by norepinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.


histone decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] = (2E)-2-butenoate + L-lysyl-[histone].


forebrain induction by the anterior neural ridge

The close range interaction of the anterior neural ridge to the caudal region of the neural plate that specifies the forebrain fate.


phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate.


central B cell negative selection

Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the bone marrow.


aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + 2 oxidized ferredoxin = an acid + 2 H+ + 2 reduced ferredoxin.


B cell proliferation

The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation.


negative regulation of gastrulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 6-hydroxyflavone <=> 6-O-beta-D-glucosyl-6-hydroxyflavone + UDP + H+.


eye development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.


24-methyldesmosterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 24-methyldesmosterol + NADPH = campesterol + NADP.


halotropism

A sodium-specific negative tropism that is crucial for surviving and thriving under high salinity.


killing by symbiont of host cells

Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


sulfur compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


threonine-type peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


negative regulation of chloride transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport.


deltoid tuberosity development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the deltoid tuberosity over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. The deltoid tuberosity develops through endochondral ossification in a two-phase process; an initiating tendon-dependent phase, and a muscle-dependent growth phase.


envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.


aldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylic acid + hydrogen peroxide.


sorbose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-sorbose + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H+ + NADPH.


acetylene hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde = acetylene + H2O.


N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N-(3-acetamidopropyl)-4-aminobutanal + propane-1,3-diamine + hydrogen peroxide.


radial glia guided migration of cerebellar granule cell

The inward migration of postmitotic granule cells along a radial glial cell from the external granule layer to the internal granule cell layer.


translation regulator activity

Any molecular function involved in the initiation, activation, perpetuation, repression or termination of polypeptide synthesis at the ribosome.


chloroplast localization

Any process in which a chloroplast is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. A chloroplast is a chlorophyll-containing plastid found in cells of algae and higher plants.


positive regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.


response to ximelagatran

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ximelagatran stimulus.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood coagulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.


positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration

Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.


thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with thyroid-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


bronchus cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the bronchus cartilage is generated and organized. The bronchus cartilage is the connective tissue of the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic aldehyde + NADP+ + AMP + diphosphate + H2O = an aromatic acid + NADPH + ATP.


Catalysis of the reaction: [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) + [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](m) = [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](n+1) + [(1->2)-beta-D-fructosyl](m-1).


cell growth mode switching, budding to filamentous

The process in which a cell switches from growing as a round budding cell to growing as a filament (elongated cells attached end-to-end). An example of this is the yeast-hyphal transition of Candida albicans.


nucleic acid metabolic process

Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids.


peptidyl-cysteine methylation

The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine.


lipid transfer activity

Removes a lipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. This results in intermembrane transfer of lipids.


ethanolamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ethanolamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine.


nitrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.


fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.


negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


supramolecular fiber organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a supramolecular fiber, a polymer consisting of an indefinite number of protein or protein complex subunits that have polymerised to form a fiber-shaped structure.


clustering of voltage-gated potassium channels

The process in which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.


GDP-D-rhamnose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


mesonephric juxtaglomerular apparatus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate.


o-xylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.


N-terminal protein amino acid carbamoylation

The carbamoylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2-coumarate + H2O + NADP+.


ribosome hibernation

A cellular process that results in the silencing of ribosomes in quiescent cells. Quiescence takes place when cells encounter unfavorable conditions and cease to grow in bacteria and yeast. It also takes place in some specialized cells in higher eukaryotes, such as eggs. Ribosomes in a hibernation state are kept silent via association with proteins with inhibitory and protective functions.


vesicle organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle.


modulation of ion channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an ion channel in another organism.


parathyroid hormone receptor activity

Combining with parathyroid hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


monocyte proliferation

The expansion of a monocyte population by cell division.


meiotic G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


regulation of endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.


transferase activity, transferring sulphur-containing groups

Catalysis of the transfer of a sulfur-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


cobalamin 5'-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide-GDP + alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate = adenosylcobalamin-5'-phosphate + GMP.


oxygen sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of oxygen (O2).


anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anthocyanidin-3,5-diglucoside + hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA = anthocyanidin 3-glucoside-5-hydroxycinnamoylglucoside + CoA.


cellular response to interleukin-4

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.


negative regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.


embryonic organ morphogenesis

Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


cellular response to iron ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions.


regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a compound eye cone cell.


vestibular receptor cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a vestibular receptor cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-decaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-decaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-gamma-aminoadipyl phosphate + NADPH.


adhesion of symbiont appressorium to host

The attachment of an appressorium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


myeloid leukocyte activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


vacuole fusion, non-autophagic

The fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.


regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.


P-type proton-exporting transporter activity

Enables the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) -> ADP + phosphate + H+(out). These transporters use a phosphorylative mechanism, which have a phosphorylated intermediate state during the ion transport cycle.


modulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal, in a different organism.


regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.


3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity

Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.


axon ensheathment

Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal.


chlorophyllide a metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyllide a, a chlorophyll lacking the terpenoid side chain, which is the functional parent of chlorophyll a.


regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any process that modulates the potential difference across a post-synaptic membrane.


inferior raphe nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


DNA damage sensor activity

A molecule that recognises toxic DNA structures, for example, double-strand breaks or collapsed replication forks, and initiates a signalling response.


lipid digestion

The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


TRAIL production

The appearance of TRAIL due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


cyclic GMP-AMP binding

Binding to cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) nucleotide.


regulation of organic acid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: methionine + a 2-oxo acid = 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutanoate + an amino acid.


negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: [myelin proteolipid] + palmityl-CoA = [myelin proteolipid] O-palmitoylprotein + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose + NADP+ = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-L-mannose + H+ + NADPH.


response to curcumin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a curcumin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine + undecaprenyl phosphate = UMP + N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation involved in nephron morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and contributes to the shaping of a nephron.


ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated by ecdysone binding to the ecdysone receptor complex.


AMPA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to an AMPA-selective glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


maintenance of protein location in plasma membrane

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in the plasma membrane, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


lauroyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a lauroyl (dodecanoyl) group from one compound to another.


galactokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + ATP = alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


cobalt-factor II C20-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cobalt-factor II = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + cobalt-factor III.


negative regulation of immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.


plasma lipoprotein particle oxidation

The modification of a lipid or protein within a plasma lipoprotein particle by oxidation of the lipid or one or more amino acids.


long nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla.


regulation of uredospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uredospore formation, a process in which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.


maintenance of protein location in vacuole

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a vacuole, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


esculin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosidic link in esculin.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces quinone or a related compound.


cell-cell adhesion involved in establishment of planar polarity

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that contributes to the establishment of planar cell polarity.


response to corticotropin-releasing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.


regulation of actin filament-based movement

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament-based movement.


nicotinamide riboside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinamide riboside + H2O = nicotinamide + D-ribose.


granzyme B production

The appearance of granzyme B due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


bronchus cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyfluorene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene) but-2-enoic acid.


maintenance of left/right asymmetry

The organization process that preserves the asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye

Any process that ensures that the R8 cells are selected in a precise progressive pattern so that they are evenly spaced throughout the eye disc.


cellular response to L-arginine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-arginine stimulus.


generative cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a generative cell. The generative cell gives rise to the sperm cells in the male gametophyte.


regulation of melanocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.


establishment of T cell polarity

The directed orientation of T cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with antigen presenting cell.


negative regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.


connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared, as part of an inflammatory response.


ARF protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the ARF family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


frontonasal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the frontonasal suture, between frontal and nasal bones, is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + isovaleryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 6-(4-methyl-2-oxopentyl)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrone + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


substrate-dependent cell migration, cell contraction

The translocation of the cell body forward during cell migration, mediated by tractional force on its substrate and tension in the cortical cytoskeleton. Adhesions transmit propulsive forces and serve as traction points over which the cell moves.


negative regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process.


saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-glutamate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NAD+ = L-glutamate + allysine + H+ + NADH.


glutathione derivative metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione derivative.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


benzoic acid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoic acid + UDP-glucose = benzoic acid glucose ester + UDP.


peptidoglycan muralytic activity

A catalytic activity that contributes to the degradation of peptidoglycan.


protein O-linked glycosylation via tyrosine

The glycosylation of protein via the O4' atom of peptidyl-tyrosine, O4'-glycosyl-L-tyrosine; the carbohydrate is glucose, the origin for glycogen.


histone H4-K12 deacetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 12 of the histone.


hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


locomotor rhythm

The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle.


L-valine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-valine = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamatic acid.


regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland bud elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland bud epithelial cell proliferation that results in the elongation of the bud.


[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 3 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.


positive regulation of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of brassinosteroid mediated signaling pathway.


heptadecane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heptadecane.


complement component iC3b receptor activity

Combining with the iC3b product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


ergot alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an ergot alkaloid, an indole alkaloid.


deoxyribonuclease I activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA to 5'-phosphodinucleotide and 5'-phosphooligonucleotide end products.


trans-synaptic signaling by carbon monoxide, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of carbon monoxide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


emericellamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving emericellamide.


negative regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.


formate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


methotrexate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of methotrexate, 4-amino-10-methylformic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.


intracellular mRNA localization

Any process in which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


membrane insertase activity

Binds transmembrane domain-containing proteins and mediates their integration into a membrane.


modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation or increase in the activity of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


ABC-type choline transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of choline across a membrane.


epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric nephron tubule morphogenesis.


intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing C=C bonds

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor are the same molecule, one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule are rearranged, and no oxidized product appears.


xanthophyll binding

Binding to xanthophylls, any of several neutral yellow to orange carotenoid pigments containing oxygen.


mRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.


lycopene beta cyclase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of beta rings at one or both ends of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form gamma-carotene or the bicyclic beta-carotene (beta, beta-carotene), respectively.


glyoxalase (glycolic acid-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxal + H2O = glycolic acid. Catalysis occurs in the absence of a cofactor.


mechanosensory behavior

Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of a mechanical stimulus.


axial mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become an axial mesoderm cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA.


low-affinity sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dicarboxylate(out) + Na+(out) = dicarboxylate(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


citrullinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + citrulline = NH3 + CO2 + L-ornithine.


removal of nonhomologous ends

The removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, nitrogenous group as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a nitrogenous group.


ethylbenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used as a solvent and as a component of automotive and aviation fuels.


undecaprenyl-phosphate 4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose + ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate = UDP + 4-deoxy-4-formamido-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans,octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate.


slime layer polysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides in the slime layer, a diffused layer of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the ureteric bud from the Wolffian duct.


codeine O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: codeine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> morphine + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride from a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle.


cell-cell junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.


structural constituent of postsynaptic specialization

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic specialization.


nickel-tetrapyrrole coenzyme metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an enzyme cofactor consisting of a tetrapyrrole structure containing nickel, such as the F-430 cofactor found in methyl-coenzyme M reductase.


heme transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of heme from one side of a membrane to the other.


Atg8-family ligase activity

Catalysis of the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 family modifer to phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine on a membrane.


cellular localization

A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane.


protein localization to cleavage furrow

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cleavage furrow.


intramembranous bone morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an intramembranous bone is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + nicotinamide = 1-methylnicotinamide + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone, and which triggers the apoptotic signaling pathway in a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a hormone signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


guanidinopropionase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-guanidinopropanoate + H2O = beta-alanine + urea.


protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX.


polynucleotide 3' dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 3' end of a polynucleotide.


8-demethylnovobiocate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-amino-4,7-dihydroxycoumarin + 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + 8-desmethylnovobiocic acid(1-) + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


snoRNA release from pre-rRNA

The release of snoRNA from pre-rRNA.


tensidol A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol A.


asparagine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


starch synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = ADP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).


thiazole biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


Golgi membrane priming complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane priming complex. An incoming coat component recognizes both GTPase and a membrane protein to form the priming complex.


ethylbenzene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethylbenzene + O2 + NADH + H+ = NAD+ + cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydroethylbenzene.


histone H2BS14 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2B-serine (position 14) + ATP = histone H2B-phosphoserine (position 14) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 14 of histone H2B.


snoRNA guided rRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of pseudouridylation.


response to bismuth

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.


choline kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + choline = ADP + choline phosphate + 2 H+.


beta-L-arabinofuranosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->2)-beta-L-arabinofuranose + H2O = 2 beta-L-arabinofuranose.


purine alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.


regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


regulation of muscle filament sliding speed

Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding.


regulation of exit from meiosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exit from mitosis.


neuronal-glial interaction involved in hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration

The changes in adhesion between a neuronal cell and a glial cell as a component of the process of hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration.


conus arteriosus formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the conus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


cell chemotaxis to angiotensin

The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of angiotensin.


geraniol kinase activity (ATP-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + ATP = geranyl monophosphate + ADP + H+.


histone H3K36me/H3K36me2 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di- or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


negative regulation of interphase mitotic telomere clustering

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic telomere clustering during interphase.


baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

The lowering of the number of nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of decreased stretch of an artery that results in an increased in sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.


regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized.


regulation of renal phosphate excretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.


trehalose 6-phosphate phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trehalose 6-phosphate + phosphate = glucose 6-phosphate + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


negative regulation of heat dissipation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of heat dissipation.


cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to a cardiac fibroblast fate and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac fibroblast cells. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in coronary vasculature morphogenesis

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the shaping of the coronary vasculature.


conidium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of conidium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Conidia are non-motile spores produced via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi; they are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


luteolin C-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate luteolin-7-olate + a glucosylated glucose acceptor = isoorientin + a non glucosylated glucose acceptor.


polyprenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin <=> UDP(3-) + 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-daphnetin + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + protein = UDP + 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein.


male anatomical structure morphogenesis

The processes by which anatomical structures that are only present in the male organism are generated and organized.


suppression by symbiont of host cytokine production

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cytokine production by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


immunological synapse formation

The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-8 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-8.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.


positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephronin the mesonephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


mesonephric capsule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric capsule from unspecified parts. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


apolipoprotein A-I receptor activity

Combining with an apolipoprotein A-I receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal gut are generated and organized.


xanthommatin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,12-dihydroxanthommatin + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + xanthommatin.


isopiperitenol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + NAD+ = (6R)-isoperitenone + H+ + NADH.


regulation of sterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


photoprotection

Protection mechanism used by plants under conditions of excess energy absorption as a consequence of the light reactions of photosynthesis.


Kit signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell.


protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification.


seminal vesicle development

The progression of the seminal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The seminal vesicle is a gland that contributes to the production of semen.


response to host oxygen tension environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting oxygen tension in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: alizarin + UDP-D-glucose = 1-hydroxy-2-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)-9,10-anthraquinone + H+ + UDP.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate = glycerone phosphate + (S)-lactaldehyde.


membrane to membrane docking

The initial attachment of a membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the two membranes. Docking requires only that the membranes come close enough for the proteins to interact and adhere.


floor plate development

The progression of the floor plate over time from its initial formation until its mature state.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


response to mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling.


peptidyl-valine modification

The modification of peptidyl-valine.


peptidyl-glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-N-peptidyl-L-glutamine + H2O = alpha-N-peptidyl-L-glutamate + NH3.


membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutamate + ATP = N(alpha)-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine + products of ATP breakdown.


2-ketobutyrate formate-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + coenzyme A = propionyl-CoA + formate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + methylammonium = N-methyl-L-glutamate + NH4.


elastic fiber assembly

Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.


midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a midbrain dopaminergic neuron.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


detection of organic substance

The series of events in which an organic substance stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


response to X-ray

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).


cannabinoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cannabinoid.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste

The series of events required for a sour taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


complement component C5a receptor activity

Combining with the C5a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-6a-hydroxymaackiain + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + (+)-pisatin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


metarhodopsin inactivation

The process in which metarhodopsin is prevented from generating molecular signals. Activated rhodopsin (R*) is inactivated by a two-step process: first, R* is phosphorylated by rhodopsin kinase which lowers the activity of R*. Second, the protein arrestin binds to phosphorylated R* to de-activate it.


articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


oocyte axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


phosphatidylcholine transfer activity

Removes phosphatidylcholine from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial natriuretic peptide

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule atrial natriuretic peptide.


Catalysis of the reaction: deisopropylhydroxyatrazine + H2O = NH3 + 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine.


regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


cerebellar granular layer morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar granular layer is generated and organized. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbazole + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain alcohol + 2 NAD+ + H2O = a long-chain carboxylate + 2 NADH.


regulation of behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.


proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


snoRNA binding

Binding to a small nucleolar RNA.


regulation of macrophage apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-(2-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + H+ + UDP.


choline monooxygenase activity (NADP-dependent)

Catalysis of the reaction: choline + NADP = betaine aldehyde + NADPH + H+.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of stem cell population maintenance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.


regulation of membrane lipid distribution

Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of lipids in a cellular membrane.


chlorophyll a catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of chlorophyll a.


baroreceptor detection of decreased arterial stretch

The series of events by which a decrease in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


anaerobic rhamnose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose, that occurs in the absence of oxygen.


negative regulation of MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.


(+)-menthofuran synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pulegone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (R)-menthofuran + 2 H2O + NADP+.


ectoine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


trichome branching

Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide lyase activity (ergothioneine-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + 2H+ = ergothioneine + pyruvate + ammonium.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


neuromelanin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neuromelanin. Neuromelanin is a polymer of 5,6-dihydroxyindole monomers.


glutamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


CMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CMP = ADP + CDP.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


head segmentation

Partitioning the insect head anlage into a fixed number of segmental units. The number of segments composing the insect head has long been a subject of debate, but it is generally agreed that there are 6 or 7 segments. From anterior to posterior the head segments are the procephalic segments (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) and the gnathal segments (mandibular, maxillary and labial).


transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex.


regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


response to electrical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.


response to glycoprotein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus.


protein-phycocyanobilin linkage

The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin.


galacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonan, a pectin polymer containing a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.


SUMO-specific endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within the small conjugating protein SUMO.


negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway.


positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: neo-lambda-carrahexaose + H2O <=> neo-lambda-carratetraose + neo-lambda-carrabiose.


response to erythropoietin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus. Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis.


(+)-camphor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone.


cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.


positive regulation of growth rate

Any process that increases the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.


positive regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

Any process that increases blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.


1,4-dichlorobenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring. It forms white crystals at room temperature and is used as an insecticidal fumigant, particularly in mothballs.


cellular response to farnesol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a farnesol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-6 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-6.


18S rRNA aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-methylpseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N1-methyl-N3-[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]pseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine.


positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


negative regulation of nitrogen utilization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = H2O +  (2E)-octenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.


methylammonium channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of methylammonium (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. Methylammonium is CH3NH2.


response to chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.


ribose phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.


plasma membrane electron transport, NADH to quinone

The transfer of electrons from NADH to the quinone pool that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation and results in the generation of a proton gradient, mediated by the enzyme known as NADH-quinone oxidoreductase.


emericellamide A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellamide A.


formaldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde.


regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: naphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to the modulation of the expansion of a population of cardiac outflow tract cells.


Catalysis of the movement of N-retinylidene-N-retinylphosphatidylethanolamine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


cell adhesion molecule production

The appearance of a cell adhesion molecule due to biosynthesis or secretion.


methanethiol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methanethiol + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + hydrogen sulfide + hydrogen peroxide.


RNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = acetoacetate + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = pimeloyl-CoA.


sensory neuron migration

The orderly movement of a sensory neuron from one site to another.


regulation of bone resorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption).


4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase activity from histidine and PLP

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe(3+) + 4 H2O + L-histidyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase] + N(6)-(pyridoxal phosphate)-L-lysyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase] = (2S)-2-amino-5-hydroxy-4-oxopentanoyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase] + 3-oxopropanoate + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine + 2 Fe(2+) + 2 H+ + L-lysyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase].


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.


aerobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.


regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.


steroid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


indole glucosinolate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.


polyol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2-(dihydroxy-4'-chorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + O2 = 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2E,4E,7-trienoate.


hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron over time, from initial commitment of its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


high-affinity glucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


response to vanadate(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vanadate(3-) stimulus.


isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine

The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-glutamate and peptidyl-glycine to produce N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine, as found in the antibiotic microcin J25.


dAMP binding

Binding to dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate.


lung goblet cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins.


alcohol O-butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a butyl ester.


centrolateral pattern formation

The regionalization process in which the areas along the centrolateral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation, or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


cellular response to dehydroepiandrosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dehydroepiandrosterone stimulus.


paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


negative regulation of cardiac cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification.


glutathione-regulated potassium exporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(in) + H+(out) = K+(out) + H+(in), where glutathione maintains the closed state.


lateral reticular nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral reticular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


archaeosine-tRNA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of archaeosine, an archaea-specific modified base found at position 15 in the D-loop of certain archaeal tRNAs.


fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.


plasma membrane invagination

An infolding of the plasma membrane.


auxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation.


positive regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound widely used as a herbicide.


cellular detoxification of methylglyoxal

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of methylglyoxal. These may include chemical modification or transport of methylglyoxal away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


glycosphingolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methyl-(RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.


negative regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.


prenylation

The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a molecule; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.


mammary gland bud morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland buds are generated and organized. Mammary gland buds form by an outpocketing of the mammary placodes and grow to invade the mammary fat, when they form the mammary cord.


5-epi-aristolochene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-5-epi-aristolochene + diphosphoric acid.


positive regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MDA-5 signaling pathway.


cellular response to BMP stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.


beta-D-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-fucose residues in beta-D-fucosides.


iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor binding

Binding to iron molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.


cholecystokinin signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by cholecystokinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of molecular function

Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-noradrenaline + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-(R)-noradrenalinyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+).


mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit rRNA binding

Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA).


miRNA transcription

The cellular synthesis of microRNA (miRNA) transcripts. MicroRNA genes are synthesized as primary (pri) miRNA transcripts and subsequently processed to produce the ~22nt miRNAs that function in gene regulation.


positive regulation of somatic muscle development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development.


triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity

The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.


regulation of cellotriose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.


positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.


regulation of intestinal absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


metanephric glomerulus development

The progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + NADP <=> H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + NADPH.


negative regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.


p-cymene methyl hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: p-cymene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + p-cumic alcohol.


keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.


negative regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.


acrylate:acyl-coA CoA transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + H2O <=> acrylate + coenzyme A + H+.


modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation, via the alternative pathway, in a different organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + hydrogen sulfide = homocysteine + acetate.


voltage-gated calcium channel complex assembly

Cellular protein complex assembly that results in the formation of a voltage-gated calcium channel complex.


positive regulation of ferroptosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis.


endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm.


natural killer cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell.


pentosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a pentosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diol + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypropanal + NADH + H+.


intramembrane lipid transporter activity

Enables the transport of a lipid from a region of a membrane to a different region on the same membrane.


dihydropterin oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 7,8-dihydropteridine + O2 = a pterin + hydrogen peroxide.


regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


D-alanyl carrier activity

Binding a D-alanine and presenting it for processing or offloading to a cognate enzyme. Covalently binds the D-alanine via a phosphopantetheine prosthetic group and mediates protein-protein interactions with the enzyme conferring specificity. The carrier protein provides an essential link between the D-alanine-D-alanyl carrier protein ligase and the incorporation of D-alanine into lipoteichoic acid by transferring activated D-alanine to cell membrane phosphatidylglycerol (PG).


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-glucose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + glucose(out) = protein histidine + glucose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


modulation of heart rate in another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction of another organism.


regulation of octopamine signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.


proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a proximal tubule are generated and organized. The proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


negative regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.


negative regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: retinol-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + phosphatidylcholine = retinyl-ester-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + 2-acylglycerophosphocholine.


negative regulation of fibrinolysis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


cellular response to prostaglandin F stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.


positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation.


C-terminal protein methylation

The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.


mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-CoA + H2O = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + 2 H+.


synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic active zone membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.


RNA polymerase III promoter clearance

A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase III, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase.


regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.


positive regulation of membrane potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


L-altrarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-altrarate.


positive regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.