response to far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


trigeminothalamic tract morphogenesis

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the trigeminothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face.


peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation

The gamma-carboxylation of peptidyl-glutamic acid; catalyzed by the vitamin K dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.


substrate-dependent cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate.


DCT cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3,3',5-tri-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + caffeoyl-CoA <=> delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) + coenzyme A.


Rho protein signal transduction

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing

Repair of a DSB made between two repeated sequences oriented in the same direction occurs primarily by the single strand annealing pathway. The ends of the break are processed by a 5' to 3' exonuclease, exposing complementary single-strand regions of the direct repeats that can anneal, resulting in a deletion of the unique DNA between the direct repeats.


scymnol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5beta-scymnol = 5beta-scymnol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to the disaccharide galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine, a common component of glycoproteins and glycolipids.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylserine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylserine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


IRES-dependent viral translational initiation

Process by which viral mRNA translation is initiated, where a domain in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the viral mRNA called an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) binds the host 43S preinitiation complex, circumventing regular cap-dependent translation initiation.


negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


mystery cell differentiation

The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a mystery cell. The mystery cells are a precluster of cells that emerge from the compound eye morphogenetic furrow, normally positioned between R3 and R4. They then disappear into the surrounding pool of undifferentiated cells and have no known fate in the mature ommatidium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ATPase-coupled ectoine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + ectoine(in/out).


cervix development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cervix over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


anaerobic fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid in the absence of oxygen. A fatty acid is any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.


phosphatidylinositol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


dopamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


aflatoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.


hatching gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hatching gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process.


benzothiazole monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole.


mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells.


indoleacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.


high-affinity lysine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


regulation of seed maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate = N-[(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl]-4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aniline 5'-phosphate + diphosphoric acid.


queuosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.


pericardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


AP-2 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-2 adaptor complex. The AP-2 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


regulation of sulfite transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.


retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization

A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation.


Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + D-galactosylononitol = stachyose + 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol.


polyadenylation of viral mRNA by polymerase stuttering

Polyadenylation of viral mRNA through a polymerase stuttering mechanism. The stop signal present at the end of each gene comprises a stretch of uridine on which the viral polymerase acquires a stuttering behavior: after each adenine inserted, the polymerase moves back one nucleotide along with the mRNA. It resumes transcription adding a new adenine, then again moves back, thereby producing a polyA tail.


tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb

The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.


pulmonary valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pulmonary valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


glycolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolipids, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar group acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol group may be absent.


establishment of vesicle localization

The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pyridoxine = H+ + NADPH + pyridoxal.


adhesion of symbiont to host

The attachment of a symbiont to its host via either adhesion molecules, general stickiness, or other mechanisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


intracellular glucose homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of glucose within a cell.


negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.


collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by collagen binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.


amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group.


regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


positive regulation of cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation.


lactone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactone.


peptidoglycan immune receptor activity

Combining with a peptidoglycan and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


positive regulation of zygosporangium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.


chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

A chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus such as heat or physical trauma.


plastid transcription

The synthesis of RNA from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase.


acetylindoxyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylindoxyl + O2 = N-acetylisatin + unknown.


modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). EPSP is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.


cellular response to salt

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.


cytoplasmic helical capsid assembly

The assembly of a helical viral capsid in the cytoplasm. Occurs by assembling around the viral genome.


polythionate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of thiosulfate to tetrathionate, using cytochrome c as an electron acceptor.


cellular response to calcium ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of calcium ions.


exo-1,4-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine]n-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m = D-glucosamine + [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine](n-1)-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m. This reaction is the hydrolysis of chitosan or chitosan oligosaccharides to remove a D-glucosamine residue from the non-reducing termini; chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units.


regulation of osteoclast proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.


myotube cell migration

The orderly movement of a myotube cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate, and fuse.


maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized embryonic epithelial sheet.


mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by mineralocorticoid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


maintenance of organelle location

Any process in which an organelle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-arginine = N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + H+ + phosphate.


demethylkotanin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of demethylkotanin.


GCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCA codon.


UDP-D-apiose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-alpha-D-apiose + carbon dioxide.


trans-4-hexen-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hexen-3-one + NADPH + H+ <=> hexan-3-one + NADP.


inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) = [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':1,2'-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride (DFA I) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->1)-beta-D-fructan (inulin) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.


epithelium migration involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

The process in which the population of cells that make up a wing epithelium undergo directed movement and contribute to imaginal disc-derived morphogenesis.


regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via STAT.


histone H3-R2 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of the histone.


tarsal gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tarsal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid methylene fatty acid.


positive regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via phagocytosis.


cell junction assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction.


negative regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.


gibberellin A17,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A17 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A28 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


purine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine nucleoside, a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.


octadecene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octadecene.


galactarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.


epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in placental branching

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a trophoblast cell elongates to contribute to the branching of the placenta.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + homogentisate.


chalcone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-dihydrocoumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ = phloretin + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


viral genome ejection through host cell envelope, short tail mechanism

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm via a short tail ejection system consisting a central tube, the connector which attaches the tail to the phage capsid and releases inner core proteins. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the phage displays a tube-like extension of its short tail that penetrates both host membranes. This tail extension comes from the release of viral core proteins with channel forming properties.


positive regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


protein-phosphocysteine-galactitol-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + galactitol(out) = protein cysteine + galactitol-6-phosphate(in).


involuntary skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Involuntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is not under conscious control.


kidney mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a kidney mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of kidney mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.


ribose 1,5-bisphosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.


intermediate reticular formation development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cannabidiolate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cannabigerolate + O2 <=> cannabidiolate + hydrogen peroxide.


specification of stamen identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxystreptamine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2'-deamino-2'-hydroxyparomamine + UDP(3-) + H+.


cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ = cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+.


promoter clearance during DNA-templated transcription

Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


ocellus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ocellus are generated and organized. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.


regulation of anterior head development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyindole + O2 = anthranilate + CO2 + H+.


positive regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of central tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.


ventral midline determination

The regionalization process in which the area where the ventral midline will form is specified.


penetration of cumulus oophorus

The infiltration by sperm of the cumulus oophorus to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + UMP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + uracil.


inositol phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid + L-asparagine = an amino acid + 2-oxosuccinamate.


fruit septum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit septum is a thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue in the fruit.


hepoxilin A3 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 12S-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-12-hydro(pero)xy-eicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid = (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate. 12S-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-12-hydro(pero)xy-eicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid is also known as 12S-HpETE, and (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate as hepoxilin A3.


luteinizing hormone receptor activity

Combining with luteinizing hormone (also called lutropin) to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


hemicellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a hemicellulose.


protein mannosylation

The addition of a mannose residue to a protein acceptor molecule.


rhabdomere development

The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.


positive regulation of epithelium regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.


Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein + H+.


RNA localization to Cajal body

A process in which an RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.


Catalysis of the movement of a lysophosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


quinolinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


glucuronokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate + ATP = 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.


regulation of toxin transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.


D-glutamate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.


regulation of cardiac ventricle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.


diaminopimelate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diaminopimelate, the anion of the dicarboxylic acid 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. It is an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.


S-sulfolactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfonatolactate + NAD <=> 3-sulfonatopyruvate(2-) + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP alpha-D-glucoside + n a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan = ADP + n alpha-amylose.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydro-3-ethylcatechol + NAD+ = 3-ethylcatechol + H+ + NADH.


passive transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a single solute from one side of a membrane to the other by a mechanism involving conformational change, either by facilitated diffusion or in a membrane potential dependent process if the solute is charged.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinol-8 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> menaquinol-8 + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


pterin deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxypteridine + NH3.


regulation of leukocyte activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


positive regulation of pro-B cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.


negative regulation of seed dormancy process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.


digestive tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


plasma membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.


neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

A process in which a neurotransmitter is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. postsynaptic density).


cellular response to vitamin B1 starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of vitamin B1 (also called thiamin and thiamine).


spore wall assembly MAPK cascade

A MAPK cascade that occurs as a result of deprivation of nourishment.


Atg12 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of Atg12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-Atg12 + Y = Y-Atg12 + X, where both the X-Atg12 and Y-Atg12 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


phospholipid transfer activity

Removes a phospholipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


plasma lipoprotein particle organization

A protein-lipid complex subunit organization process that results in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a plasma lipoprotein particle. A plasma lipoprotein particle is a spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins.


nitrate reductase activity involved in anaerobic electron transport chain

Any nitrate reductase activity that is involved in anaerobic electron transport chain.


indolepyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indolepyruvate = CO2 + indole acetaldehyde.


gracilis tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the gracilis tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the lower trunk and lower limb.


gastric inhibitory peptide signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.


regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


osteoblast fate commitment

The commitment of mesenchymal cells to the specific cell fate of an osteoblast. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.


ascending aorta development

The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + 9,12,15-cis-hexadecatrienoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA(5-) <=> 5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol + 4 coenzyme A + 4 carbon dioxide.


peptidyl-serine palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a serine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-serine.


response to fungus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.


cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).


positive regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin catabolic process.


response to host osmotic environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the osmotic conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to hydroxyproline residues present in the peptide backbone.


response to nitrosative stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.


regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping.


xylitol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + O2 = xylose + H2O2.


12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H2 = 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) + malonaldehyde (MDA).


cellular response to environmental stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an environmental stimulus.


secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-galactosidic linkages in Aerobacter aerogenes capsular polysaccharide.


regulation of cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells.


monoubiquitinated histone H2A deubiquitination

The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone H2A protein.


protein aggregate center assembly

The reversible aggregation of misfolded proteins and chaperones, formed to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.


xyloglucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xyloglucan.


positive regulation of secretion by cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.


basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have side chains with a positive charge at pH 7.3.


histone H4 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


cyclopentanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclopentanol.


eupatolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8beta-hydroxygermacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = eupatolide + 2 H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


thyroid hormone generation

The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone = acetaldehyde + 4-androstene-3,17-dione.


larval chitin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based larval cuticle. The insect larval cuticle is a secretion from epidermal cells that is shed at each molt. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.


cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


positive regulation of hexasaccharide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.


positive regulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine; characteristic of the active sites of arylsulfatases.


T-tubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.


leptin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body.


mesenchymal cell condensation involved in mammary fat development

The cell adhesion process in which mammary mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of mammary fat development.


oxytocin receptor activity

Combining with oxytocin to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = dodecanoate + [acyl-carrier protein].


pectate disaccharide-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pectate = a pectate + 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate from the reducing end of pectate, i.e. de-esterified pectin.


thiocyanate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl isothiocyanate = benzyl thiocyanate.


branching morphogenesis of a nerve

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron).


octopine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopine, (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.


(S)-lactate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + GTP = 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GDP.


postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration

The migration of olfactory bulb interneuron precursors in the cerebral cortex that occurs after birth.


glutamate catabolic process to succinate via 2-oxoglutarate-dependent GABA-transaminase activity

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.


regulation of amine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Langerhans cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a Langerhans cell.


CAAX-box protein maturation

A series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins. CAAX box proteins are eukaryotic proteins that contain a CAAX motif where the C is a cysteine, the two A residues are aliphatic amino acids and the X can be one of several amino acids. The CAAX-box proteins undergo three sequential, enzymatic, post-translational modifications essential to their targeting: First, the proteins are prenylated by one of two prenyltransferases called farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Prenylation results in the covalent attachment of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid groups to the cysteine in the CAAX box motif. Prenylation is followed by proteolytic removal of the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX). Finally, the newly exposed carboxylate group of the isoprenylcysteine is methylated by an ER-associated prenyl-dependent carboxylmethyltransferase.


response to water deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.


atrial septum primum morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized.


mucosal lymphocyte homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within the mucosal tissue of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


cellular response to hydrostatic pressure

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.


sialic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sialic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


primary sex determination, soma

The transmission of information about sexual status from the initial, general, determination to signals specific to the soma.


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the plasma membrane.


histone H2A kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H2A.


carnitine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + NAD+ = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H+ + NADH.


nitrate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD+ + H2O = nitrate + NADH + H+.


anterior midgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.


aminodeoxyfutalosine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-[(1-carboxylatovinyl)oxy]benzoate(2-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O <=> aminodeoxyfutalosinate + L-methionine + hydrogencarbonate + H+.


Kdo transferase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = KDO2-lipid IVA + CMP, and lipid IVA + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = (KDO)-lipid IVA + CMP.


protein localization to cell tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at the cell tip.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NADP+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.


suppression by virus of host type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type II interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type II interferon is also known as interferon-gamma.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.


transcription coregulator activity

A transcription regulator activity that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets via binding to a DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factor, either on its own or as part of a complex. Coregulators often act by altering chromatin structure and modifications. For example, one class of transcription coregulators modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second class remodels the conformation of chromatin in an ATP-dependent fashion. A third class modulates interactions of DNA-bound DNA-binding transcription factors with other transcription coregulators.


negative regulation of NK T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.


anther wall tapetum cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


nitrogen cycle metabolic process

A nitrogen compound metabolic process that contributes to the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle is a series of metabolic pathways by which nitrogen is converted between various forms and redox states; it encompasses pathways in which nitrogen is acted upon directly, such as nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation, and mineralization.


intercellular bridge organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another.


mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling involved in lung induction

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell in the foregut and contributes to the formation of the lung bud.


selenocysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor = hydrogen selenide + L-alanine + acceptor.


cellular response to Gentian violet

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.


myeloid dendritic cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


regulation of mononuclear cell migration

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


negative regulation of trichoblast fate specification

Any process that suppresses trichoblast fate specification.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-9,10-oxide.


bacitracin A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacitracin A.


polyamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


nitrate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nitrate ions (NO3-) from one side of a membrane to the other.


alkylthioltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alkylthio group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


3-propylmalate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glyoxylate + H2O + pentanoyl-CoA = 3-propylmalate + CoA + H+.


L-xylulose reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + xylitol = L-xylulose + H+ + NADPH.


negative regulation of cholesterol metabolic process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


regulation of pectin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pectin catabolic process.


protein localization to adherens junction

Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained at the adherens junction.


response to bacteriocin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.


triethanolamine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: triethanolamine = diethanolamine + acetaldehyde.


modulation of zoospore encystment on host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


neuromast primordium migration

The migration of a cluster of a relatively undifferentiated cell originating at specific cephalic placodes and depositing proneuromasts along a developing lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.


histone H3S10 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 10) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 10) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 10 of histone H3.


regulation of amyloid-beta clearance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta clearance.


regulation of dendritic cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.


negative regulation of regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization.


central B cell deletion

The deletion of B cells by apoptotic process occurring as part of central tolerance induction and B cell selection.


regulation of epinephrine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.


cresol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.


cell wall disassembly

A process that results in the breakdown of the cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,6-dihydroxy-2-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylate + NAD+ = 3-methylcatechol + CO2 + NADH.


tubuloglomerular feedback

The process in which blood volume is regulated due to a change in the rate of glomerular filtration. This is accomplished by a feedback mechanism that senses changes in the juxtaglomerular apparatus.


intracellularly ATP-gated chloride channel activity

Enables passage of a chloride ion through a transmembrane channel that opens when ATP is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the intracellular side of the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.


3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP+ = 3-oxopropanoate + H+ + NADPH.


membranous septum morphogenesis

The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum.


cyanoalanine nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-cyano-L-alanine + 2 H2O + H+ = L-aspartate + NH4.


gibberelli A15, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A15 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A24 + succinate + carbon dioxide + H2O.


positive regulation of heptasaccharide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.


regulation of cell communication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


surface biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at the surface of a liquid-air interface and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


positive regulation of pyroptosis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyroptosis.


lung epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung.


Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


uroporphyrinogen-III synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylbilane = H2O + uroporphyrinogen III.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud branching

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the branching of the ureteric bud. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-chaconine + UDP-L-rhamnose = H+ + alpha-chaconine + UDP.


pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate + H2O + O2 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + NH4+ + hydrogen peroxide. This activity can also oxidize pyridoxine 5'-phosphate to  pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + hydrogen peroxide.


suppression by symbiont of host immune response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a leukemia inhibitory factor to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + a quinone = NAD(P)+ + a hydroquinone.


response to proline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.


superoxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: superoxide + reduced rubredoxin + 2 H+ = H2O2 + rubredoxin.


regulation of post-embryonic root development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic root development.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 1-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 1-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.


phosphorelay response regulator activity

Responds to a phosphorelay sensor to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The activity of the response regulator is regulated by transfer of a phosphate from a histidine residue in the sensor, to an aspartate residue in the response regulator. Many but not all response regulators act as transcriptional regulators to elicit a response.


flavin prenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallylphosphate + FMNH2 = prenylated FMNH2 + phosphate.


anaerobic L-alanine catabolic process

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.


trachea development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.


histamine binding

Binding to histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


neural tube formation

The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.


ATP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.


negative regulation of SREBP signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.


tRNA C5-cytosine methylation

The process whereby a cytosine in a tRNA is methylated at position 5 of the cytosine.


peripheral nervous system neuron axonogenesis

Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. The axon carries action potential from the cell body towards target cells.


menaquinone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of menaquinones, any of the quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.


detection of UV

The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


dTDP-L-rhamnose synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-mannose + NAD+ <=> dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + NADH + H+.


anesthesia-resistant memory

The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.


collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


head kidney structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the head kidney. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The head kidney is a pronephros that consists of fused bilateral lobes located in the anterior part of the kidney.


cytidylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + (d)CMP = ADP + (d)CDP.


Malpighian tubule stellate cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Malpighian tubule stellate cell. A Malpighian tubule stellate cell is a specialized epithelial secretory cell that moves chloride ions and water across the tubule epithelium.


secondary active monocarboxylate transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the movement of a monocarboxylate, any compound containing a single carboxyl group (COOH or COO-), by uniport, symport or antiport across a membrane by a carrier-mediated mechanism.


ectodermal placode development

The progression of an ectodermal placode over time from its initial formation until its mature state. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm.


transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition

The identification of lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex as well as a small subset of lesions not recognized by the general nucleotide-excision repair pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate + NAD+ + NH4. 2,3-dihydroxybenzenesulfonate is also known as 3-sulfocatechol.


lymphocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 2-aminobenzoate + cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate.


positive regulation of ribosome biogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid sinus baroreceptor feedback

The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in large arteries and responding to the input via central nervous system control.


myoblast maturation involved in muscle regeneration

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast cell to attain its fully functional state involved in muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


dicarboxylic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


histone H3-K9 dimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 9 of the histone.


negative regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


protein localization to T cell secretory granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.


positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell.


URM1 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier URM1, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


jump response

The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus.


interleukin-16 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-16 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone

The process in which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


trophectodermal cell fate commitment

The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become trophectoderm cells.


negative regulation of digestive system process

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in blood group A and B substances.


endocrocin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of endocrocin.


autophagosome membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the membranes of autophagosomes.


acidic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acidic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Acidic amino acids have side chains with a negative charge at pH 7.3.


regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin catabolic process.


regulation of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


positive regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

Any process that activates or increasesthe frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


positive regulation of Kit signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Kit signaling pathway.


xanthine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthine + NAD+ + H2O = urate + NADH + H+.


phosphatidylglycerol-prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of the diacylglyceryl group from phosphatidylglycerol to the sulfhydryl group of the prospective N-terminal cysteine residue in an unmodified prolipoprotein.


epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration

The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules that contributes to epithelium migration.


beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-(1->4) linkage.


positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway.


[heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 1 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate. The [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfate has a substrate consensus sequence of Glc(N2S>NAc)+/-6S GlcA GlcN2S*+/-6S GlcA>IdoA+/-2S Glc(N2S/NAc)+/-6S.


mycinamicin VI 2''-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + mycinamicin VI <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + mycinamicin III(1+) + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.


macromolecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.


phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine = ADP + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-diphosphomethylpyrimidine.


adenohypophysis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the adenohypophysis are generated and organized. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.


S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine = (S)-4,5-dihydroxypentane-2,3-dione + L-homocysteine.


cuticle pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the cuticle.


cellular response to methamphetamine hydrochloride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methamphetamine hydrochloride stimulus.


response to endothelin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an endothelin stimulus. Endothelin is any of three secretory vasoconstrictive peptides (endothelin-1, -2, -3).


glyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + glyoxylate + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + oxalyl-CoA.


response to epinephrine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.


proximal/distal pattern formation involved in pronephric nephron development

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of the pronephros.


regulation of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 15 signaling pathway.


Cvt vesicle assembly

A vesicle organization process that takes place as part of the Cvt pathway, and results in the formation of a double membrane-bounded cytosolic structure that sequesters precursor aminopeptidase I (prAPI).


tissue migration

The process in which the population of cells that make up a tissue undergo directed movement.


regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: monodemethylisoproturon + H2O = didemethylisoproturon + formaldehyde + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


starch, H2O dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n ATP + n H2O + starch = n AMP + n hydrogenphosphate + a 6-phosphogluco-amylopectin.


viral entry via permeabilization of host membrane

The entry of a virus into the cytoplasm of a host cell, triggered by an interaction between the bilayer of a host membrane and a membrane-penetration capsid protein. Results in release of the virus contents into the host cell cytoplasm.


negative regulation of growth rate

Any process that reduces the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.


alpha-zingiberene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> zingiberene + diphosphoric acid.


cytochrome complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cytochrome complex. A cytochrome complex is a protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.


negative regulation of tendon cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.


positive regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.


sulfate reduction

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to another sulfur-containing ion or compound such as hydrogen sulfide, adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) or thiosulfate.


cholesterol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


protein-containing complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a protein-containing macromolecular complex into its constituent components.


envenomation resulting in modulation of apoptotic process in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of apoptosis in the bitten organism.


vesicle fusion with vesicle

Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with a target membrane on another vesicle.


isoprenoid binding

Binding to an isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by neurotrophin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + penicillin N = CO2 + deacetoxycephalosporin C + H2O + succinate.


cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.


cGMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.


cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity

cNMP-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


response to copper ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of copper ion.


NK T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming an NK T cell.


suspensor development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the suspensor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The suspensor is the extension at the base of the embryo that anchors the embryo in the embryo sac and pushes it into the endosperm.


monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: monocoumaroyl dicaffeoyl spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tricaffeoyl spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of mitotic cell cycle

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.


ureidoglycolate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-ureidoglycolate = glyoxylate + urea.


endodermal cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH <=> (2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP.


regulation of vesicle transport along microtubule

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle transport along microtubule.


late distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.


negative regulation of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C biosynthetic process.


regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a substrate.


negative regulation of pollen tube guidance

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pollen tube guidance towards ovules. This is one mechanism to prevent polytuby, the simultaneous penetration of ovules by multiple pollen tubes.


oxidation-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein.


terephthalate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: terephthalate + H2O = benzoate + HCO3-.


XTP binding

Binding to XTP.


gamma-tubulin complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a gamma-tubulin complex.


fibroblast migration

Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a fibroblast pseudopodium. A fibroblast is a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress.


melatonin receptor activity

Combining with melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, to initiate a change in cell activity. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine substance that stimulates the aggregation of melanosomes in melanophores, thus lightening the skin.


positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway.


hemoglobin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


actin polymerization or depolymerization

Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.


positive regulation of transepithelial migration of symbiont in host

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transepithelial migration of symbiont in host.


adenosylcobinamide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RTP + adenosylcobinamide = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + RDP (where RTP is either ATP or GTP).


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane. 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDMS.


glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.


methanophenazine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methanophenazine.


phenylserine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threo-3-phenylserine = benzaldehyde + glycine.


protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle pole body.


peripheral B cell negative selection

Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the periphery.


mast cell proliferation

The expansion of a mast cell population by cell division.


p-cymene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.


glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.


epithelial cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules.


non-recombinational interstrand cross-link repair

Removal of a DNA interstrand crosslink (a covalent attachment of DNA bases on opposite strands of the DNA) and restoration of the DNA by a mechanism that does not involve homologous DNA recombination.


tartrate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tartrate + NAD+ = oxaloglycolate + NADH + H+.


toluene-4-sulfonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene-4-sulfonate, the anion of 4-toluene sulfonic acid, a white crystalline solid which is highly hygroscopic and soluble in water.


hopanoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.


response to host defenses

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase (pyruvate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-dialkylglycine + H+ + pyruvate = L-alanine + CO2 + dialkyl ketone.


organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound.


establishment of protein localization

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.


pronephric glomerulus development

The progression of the glomerulus of the pronephric kidney over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


regulation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans.


ncRNA deadenylation

Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed ncRNA.


meristem structural organization

Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.


methylguanidinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + methylguanidine = methylammonium + urea.


RNA polymerase I activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase I specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyzes DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


regulation of actin filament-based process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton.


sensory perception of mechanical stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


cellular response to vitamin B3

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-choline

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with three consecutive N-methylation steps that are carried out on phospho-bases, phosphoethanolamine, phospho-N-methylethanolamine, and phospho-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


malate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by chlorinated alkylphenone

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of a chlorinated alkylphenone. An alkylphenone is an aromatic polyketide with methyl and chlorine substitutions.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylphenylethanolamine.


cerebral cortex regionalization

The regionalization process that results in the creation of areas within the cerebral cortex that will direct the behavior of cell migration and differentiation as the cortex develops.


ectodermal digestive tract development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal digestive tract includes those portions that are derived from ectoderm.


embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, in which the anatomical structures of a skeletal limb joint are generated and organized. A skeletal limb joint is the connecting structure between the bones of a limb.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline + NADP+ = 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + isocaproyl-CoA = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA + isocaproate.


postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

The process by which diffusing neurotransmitter receptor becomes trapped at the postsynaptic specialization membrane. This is typically due to interaction with components of the post-synaptic specialization.


carbon fixation by acetyl-CoA pathway

A pathway of carbon dioxide fixation in which one molecule of acetyl-CoA is completely synthesized from two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2).


brain segmentation

Division of the brain into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.


receptor localization to synapse

Any process in which a receptor is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.


T cell extravasation

The migration of a T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


globoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving globosides, globotetraosylceramides, ceramides containing a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-alpha-(1->4)-Glc(I). Globosides are the major neutral glycosphingolipid in normal kidneys and erythrocytes.


cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life.


mitochondrial membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyrate = H2O + methacrylate.


metanephric mesenchymal cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


strigolactone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of strigolactone.


extracellular phenylacetaldehyde-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when extracellular phenylacetaldehyde has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


aerenchyma formation

The process that gives rise to aerenchyma, parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces of schizogenous or lysigenous origin. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


bulbus arteriosus formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the bulbus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The bulbus arteriosus is an elastic chamber of the heart.


tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide + reduced acceptor = tetrahydrothiophene + acceptor.


tetrahydrobiopterin binding

Binding to a tetrahydrobiopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin or a derivative thereof; tetrahydrobiopterins are enzyme cofactors that carry electrons in redox reactions.


immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue

The synthesis and release of immunoglobulin in the mucosal tissue.


purine deoxyribonucleoside salvage

Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: cobalt-precorrin 5A + H2O = cobalt-precorrin 5B + acetaldehyde + H+.


cell wall (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


zymogen activation

The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.


negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


peptide cross-linking via sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine

The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-serine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine (meso-lanthione).


mitotic checkpoint complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitotic checkpoint complex.


renal protein absorption

A renal system process in which proteins are taken up from the collecting ducts, glomerulus and proximal and distal loops of the nephron. In non-mammalian species, absorption may occur in related structures (e.g. protein absorption is observed in nephrocytes in Drosophila, see PMID:23264686).


pallium glioblast division

The division of a glioblast in the pallium. A glioblast is a dividing precursor cell that gives rise to glial cells.


response to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine stimulus. 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; it is used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.


trigeminal ganglion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a trigeminal ganglion is generated and organized.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by epinephrine

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule epinephrine.


macrophage cytokine production

The appearance of a macrophage cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


mitochondria-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteins transported from mitochondria and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation as a response to oxidative stress conditions.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


intracellular copper ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of copper ions within a cell.


glycosylation

The covalent attachment and further modification of carbohydrate residues to a substrate molecule.


circadian regulation of heart rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus

The process in which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


auxin receptor activity

Combining with auxin and transmitting the signal in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. Auxin is a plant hormone (phytohormone).