U4atac snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U4atac, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4atac snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U4atac snRNA both while the U4atac snRNP is free or assembled into the U4atac/U6atac complex or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


collagen type XXVIII trimer

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A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXVIII) chains.


[Ni-Fe] hydrogenase complex

A microbial enzyme complex which contains nickel and iron in its active site. In Acetomicrobium flavidum it is an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer.


nucleolar ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.


alpha5-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex

A complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.


collagen type XIV trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIV) chains; type XIV collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.


chromatin lock complex

A chromatin silencing complex that binds and bridges separate nucleosomal histones resulting in heterochromatin assembly and chromatin looping.


Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex

A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof.


90S preribosome

A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.


separase-securin complex

A protein complex that includes separase (a protease which cleaves cohesin as part of chromosome separation) and securin, a protease inhibitor. Chromosome separation is inhibited until securin is degraded by the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC).


sodium ion-transporting V-type ATPase complex

A sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of sodium ions across a concentration gradient. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-ADAM8 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to the transmembrane metallopeptidase ADAM8.


Delta1 complex

A protein complex that consists of homodimer of the Notch ligand Delta1.


Rix1 complex

A protein complex that comprises Rix1p, Ipi1p and Ipi3p, and is required for processing of ITS2 sequences from 35S pre-rRNA. The Rix1 complex has been identified in budding yeast and fission yeast, and members of this complex are conserved in higher eukaryotes.


condensin complex

A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation in meiosis and mitosis.


Dom34-Hbs1 complex

A protein complex consisting of one subunit known as Dom34 or Pelota that has similarity to translation termination factor eRF1, and another subunit, Hbs1, that is a GTPase with similarity to translation termination factor eRF3. The Dom34-Hbs1 complex has a role in cotranslational mRNA quality control by promoting ribosomal subunit dissociation and peptidyl-tRNA release when translation is stalled, facilitating no-go decay and nonstop decay.


catalytic complex

A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity.


ERBB4:ERBB2 complex

A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated receptor ERBB4. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB4.


cargo receptor complex

Any protein complex that is part of a membrane and which functions as a cargo receptor.


cytosolic creatine kinase complex

A dimeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.


zona pellucida receptor complex

A multisubunit complex comprising the chaperonin-containing T-complex and several other components involved in mediating sperm-oocyte Interaction.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of hydroxypyruvate and alanine from serine and pyruvate.


transcription preinitiation complex

A protein-DNA complex composed of proteins binding promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription.


STING complex

A protein dimer containing two STING monomers. It binds cyclic purine di-nucleotides. Activation of the sting complex by 2',5'-3'-5'-cyclic GMP-AMP activates nuclear transcription factor kB (NF-kB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) which then induce transcription of the genes encoding type I IFN and cytokines active in the innate immune response.


proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex

The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two inner rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.


IgD immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgD immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


SCF-Pof5 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Pof5 in S. pombe (YDR306C in S. cerevisiae).


integrin alphaD-beta2 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaD subunit and one beta2 subunit.


interleukin-13 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-13; consists of two chains, interleukin-13 receptor alpha1 chain and interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain.


proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.


RNA polymerase IV transcription repressor complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase IV promoter.


myosin XVII complex

A myosin complex containing one or more class XVII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.


A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase.


Mis6-Sim4 complex

A protein complex that forms part of the inner kinetochore, which is involved in the loading of the centromeric histone h3 variant CENP-A onto centromeres and in centromere specific heterochromatin formation. The complex contains about 12 proteins, of which two are known as Mis6 and Sim4 in S. pombe and CENP-I and CENP-H in human.


A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type VI collagen triple helix containing an alpha3(VI) chain.


Rpd3L-Expanded complex

A protein complex that contains a histone deacetylase and is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains the Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p, Ash1p, Dot6p, Snt1, Sif2p, Set3p, Hos2p, Tos4p and Tod6p proteins.


Kv4.2-KChIP4 channel complex

A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP4 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


checkpoint clamp complex

Conserved heterotrimeric complex of PCNA-like proteins that is loaded onto DNA at sites of DNA damage.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD82 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD82, a member of the tetraspan family.


Lsm2-8 complex

A heteroheptameric, nuclear protein complex composed of Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, Lsm6, Lsm7, and Lsm8, or orthologs thereof, that selectively binds to snRNAs, in particular U6 or U6atac snRNAs, and also to unspliced transcripts localized within the nucleus.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


sigma factor antagonist complex

A protein complex which is capable of sigma factor antagonist activity.


RQC complex

A multiprotein complex that forms a stable complex with large ribosomal subunits (60S in eukaryotes and 50S in prokaryotes) containing stalled polypeptides and triggers their degradation (ribosomal quality control). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Rkr1p, Tae2p, Rqc1p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins.


protein folding chaperone complex

A protein complex required for the non-covalent folding or unfolding, maturation, stabilization or assembly or disassembly of macromolecular structures. Usually active during or immediately after completion of translation. Many chaperone complexes contain heat shock proteins.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition complex

A protein complex that is capable of identifying lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests that the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix. It subsequently recruits a nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex.


potassium channel complex

An ion channel complex through which potassium ions pass.


methane monooxygenase complex

A protein complex that possesses methane monooxygenase activity; dimeric and trimeric complexes have been characterized.


ERBB3:ERBB2 complex

A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated receptor ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3.


MLL1/2 complex

A protein complex that can methylate lysine-4 of histone H3, and which contains either of the protein subunits MLL1 or MLL2 in human, or equivalent in other species.


new spindle pole body SIN signaling complex

A SIN signaling complex associated with the new mitotic spindle pole body during anaphase and characterized by the presence activated (GTP bound) GTPase (Spg1 in fission yeast) to activate SIN signaling.


IgE immunoglobulin complex, circulating

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex

A complex, located in the chloroplast, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


replication fork protection complex

A protein complex conserved in eukaryotes and associated with the replication fork; the complex stabilizes stalled replication forks and is thought to be involved in coordinating leading- and lagging-strand synthesis and in replication checkpoint signaling.


auxin efflux carrier complex

The protein complex associated with the plasma membrane of certain plant cells (e.g. root cortex, epidermal cells) that functions to transport auxin out of the cell.


plasma membrane-derived thylakoid ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex

A complex, located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits. It carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.


monomeric IgA immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


microprocessor complex

A protein complex that binds to heme and to pri-miRNAs, and is required for the formation of a pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA), the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. The complex is composed of the double-stranded-RNA-specific RNase Drosha (also called RNASEN) and the RNA-binding protein DGCR8 (heme-free or heme-bound forms). Within the complex, DGCR8 function as a molecular anchor necessary for the recognition of pri-miRNA at dsRNA-ssRNA junction and directs RNASEN/Drosha to cleave the 3' and 5' strands of a stem-loop to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs.


cytosolic large ribosomal subunit

The large subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol.


SOD1-calcineurin complex

A protein complex formed by the association of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) with calcineurin; complex formation is implicated in activation of calcineurin by SOD1.


G-protein alpha(o)-synembrin complex

A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(o) subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


alphaPDGFR-SHP-2 complex

A protein complex that contains the platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (alphaPDGFR; PDGFRA) and the adaptor protein SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.


inward rectifier potassium channel complex

A protein complex which is capable of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


ribose phosphate diphosphokinase complex

A protein complex having ribose phosphate diphosphokinase activity.


alpha3-beta1 integrin-basigin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein basigin.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type II

A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that is involved in vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) via endosomes. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Vps38 and Vps15p.


mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex

A protein complex consisting of frataxin, cysteine desulfurase, an accessory protein and a Fe-S scaffold protein. In human these genes correspond to FXN, NFS1, ISD11 and ISCU respectively. This complex assembles Fe-S clusters onto the scaffolding protein using the substrates ferrous iron, electrons, and sulfur from l-cysteine.


box C/D RNP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex containing a box C/D type RNA that can carry out ribose-2'-O-methylation of target RNAs. Box C/D type RNAs are widespread in eukaryotes and in Archaea, suggesting that an RNA-based guide mechanism for directing specific RNA 2'-O-ribose methylations was present in the common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya.


alpha6-beta4 integrin-laminin 5 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to laminin 5.


SLIK (SAGA-like) complex

A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains a smaller form of Spt7 (lacking the SPT8 binding region) than the fungal SAGA complex, and consequently lacks Spt8. The complex is involved in the yeast retrograde response pathway, which is important for gene expression changes during mitochondrial dysfunction.


fatty-acyl-CoA synthase complex

A protein complex that possesses fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity.


kainate selective glutamate receptor complex

An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. Kainate receptors are multimeric assemblies of GluK1-3 (also called GluR5-7), GluK4 (KA1) and GluK5 (KA2) subunits.


glycolate oxidase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of 2-hydroxy acid to form 2-oxo acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme is a flavoprotein (FMN).


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane. Examples of this component are found in Bacterial species.


immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


syntrophin complex

A protein complex that includes alpha-, beta1-, beta2-syntrophins and syntrophin-like proteins; the syntrophin complex binds to the second half of the carboxy-terminal domain of dystrophin; also associates with neuronal nitric oxide synthase.


transcription factor TFIIIC complex

A heterotrimeric transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIC contains three conserved subunits that associate with the proximal Pol III promoter element, and additional subunits that associate with sequence elements downstream of the promoter and are more diverged among species. It also functions as a boundary element to partition genome content into distinct domains outside Pol III promoter regions.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47 and the kinase c-Src.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to an acceptor phosphatidylinositol, the first step in the production of GPI anchors for cell surface proteins. The complex contains PIG-A, PIG-C, PIG-H, PIG-Q, PIG-P, and DPM2 in human, and Eri1p, Gpi1p, Gpi2p, Gpi15p, Gpi19p, and Spt14p in budding yeast.


G-protein alpha(i)1-synembrin complex

A protein complex formed by the association of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor synembrin with the alpha(i)1 subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.


integrin alpha9-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha9 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex

A protein complex formed upon binding of TRAIL to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1 and procaspase-8 addition to the ligand-bound receptor.


efflux pump complex

A protein complex that is capable of efflux transmembrane transporter activity.


DNA replication preinitiation complex

A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The preinitiation complex is formed by the assembly of additional proteins onto an existing prereplicative complex. In budding yeast, the additional proteins might include Cdc45p, Sld2p, Sld3p, Dpb11p, DNA polymerases, and others; in fission yeast the GINS complex is present.


carbamoyl-phosphate synthase complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate; comprises a small subunit that binds and cleaves glutamine, and a large subunit that accepts the ammonia group cleaved from glutamine, binds all of the remaining substrates and effectors, and carries out all of the other catalytic events.


BIM-BCL-xl complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BIM and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


SPOTS complex

A multiprotein complex at least composed of serine palmitoyltransferases and ORM proteins (known as ORMDL proteins in mammals and other higher vertebrates) that plays a key role in sphingolipid homeostasis.


alphav-beta3 integrin-collagen alpha3(VI) complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the alpha3 chain of type VI collagen; the integrin binds most strongly to unfolded collagen.


Vma12-Vma22 assembly complex

A protein complex that is involved in the assembly of the V-ATPase complex. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this complex consists of Vma12p and Vma22p.


plasma membrane respiratory chain complex II

A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain. Examples of this component are found in bacterial species.


mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex

Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane, consisting of at least two subunits, involved in processing of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins targeted to the intermembrane space.


ASAP complex

A protein complex involved in regulation of mRNA processing and apoptosis. It binds to RNA in a sequence-independent manner and is recruited to the EJC prior to or during the splicing process. In humans the core proteins are RNPS1, SAP18 and ACIN1.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD47 and the low-affinity immunoglobulin epsilon Fc receptor (FCER2).


alphaV-beta6 integrin-TGFbeta-3 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta6 integrin complex bound to transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFbeta-3).


vacuolar transporter chaperone complex

A protein complex that contains four related proteins that have been implicated in several membrane-related processes, such as sorting of H+-translocating ATPases, endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking, vacuole fusion, vacuolar polyphosphate homeostasis and the microautophagic scission of vesicles into the vacuolar lumen. The complex is enriched at the vacuolar membrane, but also found in other cellular compartments, including the ER and the cell periphery. In Saccharomyces, the subunits are Vtc1p, Vtc2p, Vtc3p and Vtc4p.


integrin alpha11-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha11 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


BRISC complex

A protein complex that contains the FAM175B/ABRO1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45 and MERIT40/NBA1 proteins, and specifically cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains.


small ribosomal subunit processing complex

A small heterodimeric protein complex that is required during early maturation of nascent 40S ribosomal subunits. The complex has endonuclease activity, it interacts with the small ribosomal subunit pre-rRNA and cleave it it to produce the mature 18S (or small ribosomal subunit) rRNA. In S. cerevisiae it is composed of Rcl1p and Bms1p.


eif4e-cup complex

A protein complex that causes translational repression in Drosophila. Prevents assembly of ribosomes at the mRNA by interfacing with a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein leading to recruitment of the CCR4 complex and consequently, reduction of the mRNA's poly(A) tail length. The complex is also required for dorso-ventral pattern formation in the embryo.


alpha9-beta1 integrin-VEGF-A complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular endothelial growth factor A.


mitochondrial creatine kinase complex

An octomeric protein complex having creatine kinase activity.


fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex

A multienzyme complex possessing three kinds of enzymes that catalyze the chain reactions in the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle, enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HACD), and acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (KACT).


serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex

A protein complex which is capable of serotonin-activated cation-selective channel activity. Mainly found in pre- and postsynaptic membranes of the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Depending on its location it transports Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ or K+. It is always a pentamer, containing at least the 5HT3A subunit forming 5HT3A homopentamers or 5HT3A/B heteropentamers. In human, 5HT3A/C, A/D and A/E heteropentamers also exist.


integrin alpha6-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


alpha6-beta1 integrin-CD151 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.


NLRP6 inflammasome complex

An inflammasome complex that consists of NLRP6, PYCARD/ASC and caspase-1 or caspase-4/caspase-11.


ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex

A complex containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.


Tor2-Mei2-Ste11 complex

A protein complex that contains the transcription factor Ste11 and the RNA binding protein Mei2; involved in regulation of conjugation in fission yeast.


U4/U6 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the extensively base paired small nuclear RNAs U4 and U6, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins associated with U4, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex associated with U6, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4 snRNP or U6 snRNPs, some of which remain associated with the U4/U6 snRNA both while the U4 snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


heterochromatin domain

A region of heterochromatin that is formed dynamically under specific growth conditions by a process that requires RNAi, and is enriched in histone H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me).


G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex

The heterodimer formed by the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein, which dissociates from the alpha subunit upon guanine nuclotide exchange.


The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex is composed of eIF4E, eIF4A and eIF4G; it is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of the 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of the mRNA to the ribosome.


protein complex involved in cell-matrix adhesion

Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-matrix adhesion.


U4 snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains small nuclear RNA U4, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4 snRNP, most of which remain associated with the U4 snRNA both while the U4 snRNP is free or assembled into the U4/U6 snRNP or into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


bub1-bub3 complex

Protein complex that associates with the kinetochores.


Sec62/Sec63 complex

A protein complex involved in the posttranslational targeting of proteins to the ER. In yeast, it is a tetrameric complex consisting of Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p and Sec72p.


serine C-palmitoyltransferase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a palmitoyl on to serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.


cyanelle ribonuclease P complex

A ribonuclease P complex located in the cyanelle, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The best characterized cyanelle ribonuclease P complex, from the alga Cyanophora paradoxa, contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.


glycine-gated chloride channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to glycine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


BCL-2 complex

A homodimeric protein complex consisting of BCL-2, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


calprotectin complex

A protein complex composed of S100A8 and S100A9 and capable of limiting Mn(2+) and Zn(2+) availability at sites of infection. Also binds Ca(2+). Expressed and released by neutrophils and epithelial cells, it exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity attributed to its metal-binding properties. Endogenous ligand of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) initiating signal transduction through NF-kappa-B pathways.


ERBB4-ERBB3 complex

A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptors ERBB4 (also called HER4) and ERBB3 (also called HER3). ERBB3 has impaired kinase activity so relies on the kinase activity of its heterodimer partner for activation and signal transmission.


SCF-Dia2/Pof3 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Dia2 in S. cerevisiae (Pof3 in S. pombe).


Cdc50p-Drs2p complex

A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Cdc50p and Drs2p proteins, and is involved in the trafficking of transport vesicles between the late Golgi and the early endosome.


type II polyketide synthase complex

A polyketide synthase complex that consists of several different polypeptide chains, each of which catalyzes a single reaction.


PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIa subcomplex

A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 24 and 21.5 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum between 680 and 690 nm.


9+2 non-motile cilium

A non-motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets plus two central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+2 axoneme).


plastid acetate CoA-transferase complex

An acetate CoA-transferase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta8 integrin complex bound to matrix metalloproteinase 14 and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1).


RNA polymerase I complex

RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.


insulin control element activator complex

Transcription factor complex that binds to the insulin control element (ICE), a DNA sequence element found within the 5'-flanking region of the insulin gene, and activates ICE-mediated transcription.


A protein-containing complex located intracellularly.


retromer complex

A conserved hetero-pentameric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. The budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p. The mammalian complex shows slight variation in composition compared to yeast, and comprises SNX1 or SNX2, SNX5 or SNX6, VPS26A or VPS26B, VPS29, and VPS35.


AP-5 adaptor complex

An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that in humans consists of beta5, zeta, mu5 and sigma5 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the endosomes; it is not clear whether AP-5 forms clathrin coats in vivo.


BORC complex

A protein complex that is involved in positioning of the lysosome within the cytoplasm and which is composed of BLOC1S1, BLOC1S2, BORCS5, BORCS6, BORCS7, BORCS8, KXD1 and SNAPIN. The BORC complex recruits ARL8 at the cytosolic face of lysosomes and couples them to microtubule plus-end-directed kinesin motors.


H-gal-GP complex

A membrane glycoprotein complex with aspartyl proteinase and metalloproteinase activity which is expressed in the gut. An example of this is found in the nematode Haemonchus contortus.


Kv4.3-DPP10 channel complex

A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3.


chloroplast outer membrane translocon

The protein transport machinery of the chloroplast outer membrane that contains at least three components Toc159, Toc75 and Toc34, interacts with precursor proteins which are imported into the chloroplast in a GTP dependant manner.


GTPase complex

A protein complex which is capable of GTPase activity.


CLOCK-BMAL transcription complex

Transcription factor complex which interacts with E-box regulatory elements in target genes, including Period (Per1, Per2, Per3) and Cryptochrome (Cry1, Cry2), to activate their transcription during the daytime. The CRY-PER complexes inhibit CLOCK-BMAL1-driven transcription in a negative feedback loop to generate circadian rhythms.


cytoplasmic U snRNP body

A ribonucleoprotein complex that can be visualized as a focus in the cytoplasm, and contains uridine-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U snRNPs) and essential snRNP assembly factors. These U bodies are invariably found in association with P bodies.


molybdenum-iron nitrogenase complex

An enzyme complex containing a molybdenum-iron cluster found in many species. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the molybdenum-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3m

An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3m.


UBC13-MMS2 complex

A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which act as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair; in Saccharomyces the complex comprises Ubc13p and Mms2p.


Rpd3S complex

A eukaryotically conserved histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones across gene coding regions. Composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, a chromodomain protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, and a WD repeat protein (Clr6p, Alp13p, Pst2p, and Prw1p respectively in Schizosaccharomyces; Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Rco1p and Eaf3 in Saccharomyces; homologs thereof in other species).


laminin-6 complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.


IgG immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. An IgG immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).


RasGAP-Fyn-Lyn-Yes complex

A protein complex that consists of a GTPase activator protein (GAP) for Ras and three Src family protein tyrosine kinases, Fyn, Lyn and Yes. The complex is involved in signaling upon platelet activation.


laminin-5B complex

A laminin complex composed of alpha3B, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class IA

A class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit and an associated SH2 domain-containing regulatory subunit that is a member of a family of related proteins often called p85 proteins. Through the interaction with the SH2-containing adaptor subunits, Class IA PI3K catalytic subunits are linked to tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.


canonical inflammasome complex

A cytosolic protein complex that is capable of activating caspase-1.


Y-shaped link

A Y-shaped protein complex in the ciliary transition zone that connects the cilium axoneme to the ciliary necklace. Both protein sorting and protein gating occur at this point in the cilium allowing some, but not all proteins to enter the cilium.


plasma membrane protein complex

Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane.


A protein complex that enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + H+(out) = Ca2+(out) + H+(in).


uniplex complex

A calcium channel complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane capable of highly-selective calcium channel activity. Its components include the EF-hand-containing proteins mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1) and MICU2, the pore-forming subunit mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its paralog MCUb, and the MCU regulator EMRE.


interleukin-9 receptor complex

A protein complex that binds interleukin-9; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-9 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for several other interleukins.


F-actin capping protein complex

A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments.


Par3-APC-KIF3A complex

A protein complex that contains Par3, the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and the kinesin-related protein KIF3A; involved in establishing neuronal cell polarity.


Rpd3L complex

A histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones preferentially in promoter regions. Composed of a two copies of catalytic histone deacetylase subunit (S. pombe Clr6/ S. cerevisiae Rpd3p), an Sds-3 family protein (S. pombe /S. cerevisiae Sds3(p) ), two copies of SIN3 family co-repressor (S. pombe Pst1/ S. cerevisiae Sin3p, a WD repeat protein/ histone chaperone (S. pombe Prw1/ S. cerevisiae Ume1p), and a zf- PHD finger ( S. pombe Png2/ S. cerevisiae Pho23p), plus 4 additional subunits, and associated factors.


respiratory chain complex I

Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of several polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.


radial spoke neck

The radial spoke neck is a complex that connects the spoke stalk to the head.


IgA immunoglobulin complex

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component. An IgA immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


DnaB-DnaC-Rep-PriC complex

A protein-DNA complex consisting of the helicase loading complex DnaB-DnaC, replication restart proteins Rep and PriC, and associated DNA. Involved in the restart of DNA replication after a stalled replication fork has been repaired.


MHC class II protein complex

A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.


light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential generated in response to a light stimulus.


dynactin complex

A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach.


2-iminoacetate synthase complex

A protein complex which is capable of 2-iminoacetate synthase activity.


nuclear replication fork

The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.


methanophenazine reducing hydrogenase complex

A protein complex which catalyzes the conversion of methanophenazine and hydrogen to form dihydromethanophenazine. This typically consists of three polypeptides.


palmitoyltransferase complex

A protein complex with palmitoyltransferase activity.


CatSper complex

A sperm-specific voltage-gated calcium channel that controls the intracellular calcium ion concentration and, thereby, the swimming behavior of sperm. Consists of a heteromeric tetramer surrounding a calcium ion- selective pore. May also contain additional auxiliary subunits.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex

The pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria that directly transfers electrons to the reaction center.


Ecsit-NDUFAF1 complex

Any large protein complex that contains Ecsit and NDUFAF1, is located in the mitochondrion, and is involved in the assembly of complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation system. In mammalian cells, three complexes of approximately 500, 600, and 850 kDa containing the 45 kDa isoform of Ecsit and NDUFAF1 have been observed.


CUE1-UBC7 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex

A protein complex capable of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, UBC7 is the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) and requires binding to the ER surface by CUE1.


ACF complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and generally no other subunits, though Xenopus is an exception with a third non-conserved subunit. ACF plays roles in regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


intercalary heterochromatin

Any of the regions of heterochromatin that form a reproducible set of dense bands scattered along the euchromatic arms in polytene chromosomes.


Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex

A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.


1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a glucose group from UDP-glucose to a (1->3)-beta-D-glucan chain.


Kv4.1-DPP10 channel complex

A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex, LHCIIb subcomplex

A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem II associated light-harvesting complex II; contains two proteins (usually about 28 and 27 kDa), and may contain a third; peripherally located relative to other LHC polypeptides.


CRD-mediated mRNA stability complex

A protein complex that binds to, and promotes stabilization of, mRNA molecules containing the coding region instability determinant (CRD). In human, it may consist of IGF2BP1, HNRNPU, SYNCRIP/HNRNPQ, YBX1, and DHX9.


SCF-Met30/Pof1 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Met30 in S. cerevisiae (Pof1 in S pombe).


procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(I) type

A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type I isoform; its activity is readily inhibited by poly(L-proline).


MKS complex

A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of several proteins some of which are membrane bound. Acts as an organiser of transition zone inner structure, specifically the Y-shaped links, in conjunction with the NPHP complex. The MKS complex also acts as part of the selective barrier that prevents diffusion of proteins between the ciliary cytoplasm and cellular cytoplasm as well as between the ciliary membrane and plasma membrane.


Heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate into D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.


CERF complex

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (specifically SNF2L in mammals, which contain two ISWI homologs) and a CECR2 homolog. In mammals, CERF is involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47 and the kinase FAK.


BAD-BCL-xl complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of BAD and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


NOXA-BCL-xl complex

A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of NOXA and BCL-xl, members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.


nascent polypeptide-associated complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes, and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome.


interleukin-35 complex

A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha subunit (p35, product of the IL12A gene) and an EBI3 subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.


NSL complex

A histone acetyltransferase complex that catalyzes the acetylation of a histone H4 lysine residues at several positions. In human, it contains the catalytic subunit MOF, NSL1/KIAA1267, NSL2/KANSL2, NSL3/KANSL3, MCRS1, PHF20, OGT1, WDR5 and HCF1.


APC-IQGAP complex

A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.


nucleocytoplasmic transport complex

Any complex that acts to move proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.


phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase complex

A protein complex which is capable of phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity.


Smc5-Smc6 complex

A conserved complex that contains a heterodimer of SMC proteins (Smc5p and Smc6p, or homologs thereof) and several other proteins, and is involved in DNA repair and maintaining cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. In S. cerevisiae, this is an octameric complex called Mms21-Smc5-Smc6 complex, with at least five of its subunits conserved in fission yeast and humans.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type I

A class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that is involved in autophagy. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Apg14p and Vps15p.


A protein complex that contains the cell adhesion molecules protocadherin-alpha-v7 and protocadherin-gamma-a3, and is involved in the regulation of protein localization to the plasma membrane.


VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex

A multiprotein ATPase complex required for the efficient dislocation of ER-lumenal degradation substrates, and their subsequent proteolysis by the proteasome. In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins. In mammals, this complex includes a hexamer of VCP/p97 (a cytosolic ATPase) and trimers of each of its cofactors UFD1L and NPL4 (NPLOC4) (e.g. a 6:3:3 stoichiometry).


alpha1-beta1 integrin-tissue transglutaminase complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase.


NELF complex

A complex of five proteins, designated NELF-A, -B, -C, -D, and -E in human, that can physically associate with RNP polymerase II to induce transcriptional pausing.


Shu complex

A protein complex involved in error-free DNA post-replication repair (PRR). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Csm2p, Psy3p, Shu1p, and Shu2p.


signal recognition particle, endoplasmic reticulum targeting

A ribonucleoprotein particle of 325 kDa composed of a 7S (300 nucleotide) RNA molecule and a complex of six different polypeptides. This binds both to the N-terminal signal peptide for proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum as they emerge from the large ribosomal subunit and also to the ribosome. This binding arrests further translation thereby preventing the proteins from being released into the cytosol. The SRP-ribosome complex then diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is bound to the signal recognition particle receptor, which allows resumption of protein synthesis and facilitates the passage of the growing polypeptide chain through the translocon. Through a process involving GTP hydrolysis, the SRP-SRP receptor complex dissociates and SRP returns to the cytosol. Of the six polypeptides of SRP the 54 kDa subunit (SRP54) is the central player. It contains an N-terminal GTPase domain and a C-terminal domain that binds directly to the signal peptide and the SRP RNA. Examples of this component are found in Mus musculus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana.


CORVET complex

A multimeric protein complex that acts as an endosomal tethering complex (CORVET = class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) by cooperating with Rab GTPases to capture endosomal vesicles and trap them prior to the action of SNAREs; the complex is involved in endo-lysosomal biogenesis and required for transport between endosome and vacuole. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex contains Vps8p, Vps3p, Pep5p, Vps16p, Pep3p, and Vps33p.


CNTFR-CLCF1 complex

A protein complex that is composed of two soluble ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha subunits (product of the CNTFR gene) and two molecules of cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (product of the CLCF1 gene). The complex is secreted into the extracellular space.


nitrogenase complex

An enzyme complex composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer, and both are associated with metal ions, which differ between species. Both proteins are required for the enzyme activity of the complex, the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.


iRhom2/ADAM17 sheddase complex

A complex consisting of ADAM17 in complex with regulatory iRhoms and FERM domain containing proteins.


SCF-YLR352W ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is YLR352W in S. cerevisiae.


glutamate synthase complex (NADH)

A protein complex that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.


collagen type XIII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIII) chains; type XIII collagen triple helices span the plasma membrane.


delta DNA polymerase complex

A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.


alpha-beta T cell receptor complex

A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises alpha and beta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes a complex consisting of an antigen-derived peptide bound to a class I or class II MHC protein.


MPT synthase complex

A heterodimeric protein complex which catalyses sulfur transfer from the sulfur carrier subunit of MPT synthase to precursor Z to synthesize MPT as part of molybdopterin cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis. In E. coli the subunits are MoaE and MoaD; in human, MOCS2B and MOCS2A. Moco biosynthesis and its constituent molecules are evolutionarily conserved.


Kv4.1-DPP6 channel complex

A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.1.


muscle thin filament tropomyosin

A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments.


cohesin complex

A protein complex that is required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes. The cohesin complex forms a molecular ring complex, and is composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1p and Smc3p, and the kleisin protein Scc1p. In vertebrates, the complex is composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domains to a kleisin (RAD21, REC8 or RAD21L) which links them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3).


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane.


MAD1 complex

A protein complex involved in the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex that in turn inhibits the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C).


ubiquinone biosynthesis complex

The cytosolic ubiquinone biosynthesis complex is composed of enzymes and accessory factors of the ubiquinone biosynthesis pathway and enables synthesis of the extremely hydrophobic molecule ubiquinone. In E. coli, the complex is composed of seven proteins: UbiE, F, G, H, I, J and K.


TRAPP complex

A large complex that acts as a tethering factor involved in transporting vesicles from the ER through the Golgi to the plasma membrane. A TRAPP (transport protein particle) complex has a core set of proteins which are joined by specific subunits depending on the cellular component where a given TRAPP complex is active.


high-affinity iron exporter complex

A protein complex which transports ferrous iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from the vacuole, the main storage component of intracellular free iron, into the cytoplasm in a low iron environment.


glutamate-tRNA ligase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate and tRNA(Glu) to form glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).


methyl coenzyme M reductase complex

A hexameric complex consisting of three polypeptides in an alpha2beta2gamma2 arrangement. Involved in the reduction of the coenzyme M-bound methyl group to methane, which is the final step in methanogenesis.


formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase (molybdenum enzyme) complex

A protein complex consisting of three polypeptides which also contains molybdenum, a molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur clusters. This protein complex catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO2 and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran during methanogenesis.


Grb2-SHP-2 complex

A protein complex that contains the receptor adaptor proteins Grb2 and SHP-2, and is involved signaling via the PDGFR signaling pathway.


A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).


transcription export complex

The transcription export (TREX) complex couples transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II to mRNA export. The complex associates with the polymerase and travels with it along the length of the transcribed gene. TREX is composed of the THO transcription elongation complex as well as other proteins that couple THO to mRNA export proteins. The TREX complex is known to be found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae and metazoans.


transcription factor TFIIH core complex

The 7 subunit core of TFIIH that is a part of either the general transcription factor holo-TFIIH or the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. In S. cerevisiae/humans the complex is composed of: Ssl2/XPB, Tfb1/p62, Tfb2/p52, Ssl1/p44, Tfb4/p34, Tfb5/p8 and Rad3/XPD.


RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex

A RNA methyltransferase complex that catalyzes the post-transcriptional methylation of adenosine to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In budding yeast, the MIS complex consists of Mum2p, Ime4p and Slz1p. In vertebrates, the complex consists of METTL3, METTL14 and associated components WTAP, ZC3H13, VIRMA, CBLL1/HAKAI and in some cases of RBM15 (RBM15 or RBM15B).


organellar ribosome

A ribosome contained within a subcellular membrane-bounded organelle.


protein acetyltransferase complex

A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to a protein acceptor molecule.


sodium channel complex

An ion channel complex through which sodium ions pass.


U4atac/U6atac snRNP

A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains the extensively base paired small nuclear RNAs U4atac and U6atac, a heptameric ring of Sm proteins associated with U4atac, the Lsm2-8 heptameric ring complex associated with U6atac, as well as several proteins that are unique to the U4atac snRNP or U6atac snRNPs, some of which remain associated with the U4atac/U6atac snRNA both while the U4atac snRNP is free or assembled into a series of spliceosomal complexes.


A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to paxillin and the FAK-related kinase Pyk2.


mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

A DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex located in the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial RNA polymerase is composed of two subunits, a catalytic core, which resembles the enzymes from bacteriophage T7 and T3, and a specificity factor required for promoter recognition, which is similar to members of the eubacterial sigma factor family. In S. cerevisiae, these are encoded by the nuclear genes RPO41 and MTF1 and the specificity factor, required for promoter recognition and initiation, is not present in the elongating form.


histamine-gated chloride channel complex

A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to histamine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


cytosolic proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex.


A protein-lipid-RNA complex containing separate low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lipid and RNA molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.


collagen network

A supramolecular complex that consists of collagen triple helices associated to form a network.


H-NS-Cnu complex

A trimeric protein complex containing a H-NS homodimer and a Cnu monomer. In bacteria, this complex negatively regulates transcription of a range of genes.


RAD52-ERCC4-ERCC1 complex

A nucleotide-excision repair complex formed by the association of the heterodimeric endonuclease XPF/ERCC4-ERCC1 (Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae) with the RAD52 protein.


extracellular isoamylase complex

A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in animals are localized in the extracellular space.


ADA complex

A chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and H2B. In budding yeast shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of ADA2-GCN5-NGG1-SGF29 with the related SAGA complex.


NPHP complex

A protein complex that is located at the ciliary transition zone and consists of the NPHP4 and NPHP1 proteins. It acts as an organiser of the transition zone inner structure, specifically the Y-shaped links, in conjunction with the MKS complex. It is involved in ciliary protein trafficking and is required for correct functioning of the WNT and Hippo signaling pathways.


polarisome

Protein complex that plays a role in determining cell polarity by directing the localized assembly of actin filaments at polarization sites; in Saccharomyces the polarisome includes Bni1p, Spa2p, Pea2p, and Bud6p.


Cul7-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul7 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 linker and an F-box protein.


myosin XVIII complex

A myosin complex containing a class XVIII myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XVIII heavy chains contain an N-terminal PDZ domain.


Gemin3-Gemin4-Gemin5 complex

A protein complex that contains Gemin3 (DDX20), Gemin4, and Gemin5, and can bind to snRNAs; may be an intermediate in SMN complex assembly.


mitochondrial prohibitin complex

A complex composed of two proteins, prohibitin 1 and prohibitin 2 (PHB1/PHB-1 and PHB2/PHB-2) that is highly conserved amongst eukaryotes and associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial prohibitin complex is a macromolecular supercomplex composed of repeating heterodimeric subunits of PHB1 and PHB2. The mitochondrial prohibitin complex plays a role in a number of biological processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis and function, development, replicative senescence, and cell death.


NVT complex

A protein complex that is capable of contributing to protein localization by the NVT pathway. In fission yeast, the Nvt complex consists of Ape2, Lap2 and Nbr1.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex

A protein complex capable of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and containing subunits of any phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme. These complexes are divided in three classes (called I, II and III) that differ for their presence across taxonomic groups and for the type of their constituents. Catalytic subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in all 3 classes; regulatory subunits of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enzymes are present in classes I and III; adaptor proteins have been observed in class II complexes and may be present in other classes too.


clathrin coat of coated pit

The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex.


RNA polymerase I transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


glomerular endothelium fenestra

A large plasma membrane-lined circular pore that perforates the flattened glomerular endothelium and, unlike those of other fenestrated capillaries, is not spanned by diaphragms; the density and size of glomerular fenestrae account, at least in part, for the high permeability of the glomerular capillary wall to water and small solutes.


Pi Mi complex

A transcription factor complex composed of a homeodomain protein and the M-specific peptide Mi that acts at the regulatory region of genes required for the activation of meiosis.


DNA polymerase complex

A protein complex that possesses DNA polymerase activity and is involved in template directed synthesis of DNA.


subtelomeric heterochromatin

Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the telomere, and characterized by methylated H3 histone at lysine 9 (H3K9me2/H3K9me3).


neurotransmitter receptor complex

Any protein complex that is capable of functioning as a neurotransmitter receptor.


right anterior flagellum

A cilium (also called flagellum) found in Giardia species (trophozoite stage). It originates at the right anterior basal body, extends laterally through the cytoplasm, crosses the left anterior axoneme, and exits as a membrane-bound flagellum on the anterior right side of the cell.


IgA immunoglobulin complex, circulating

A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgA isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, sometimes complexed with J chain or J chain and secretory component, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.


APC-IQGAP1-Rac1 complex

A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Rac1, and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.


multi-pass translocon complex

A protein complex that mediates the insertion of multi-pass transmembrane proteins into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Substrates enter via the lateral gate of the Sec61 translocon. The complex comprises the GEL subcomplex (composed of RAB5IF/OPTI and TMCO1), the BOS subcomplex (composed of NCLN/Nicalin, NOMO and TMEM147) and the PAT subcomplex (composed of WDR83OS/Asterix and CCDC47).


enterobactin synthetase complex

A multienzyme complex usually composed of four proteins, EntB, EntD, EntE and EntF. Plays a role in the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway.


sucrase-isomaltase complex

A protein complex that possesses oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity; the complex is a heterodimer located in the cell membrane, and is formed by proteolytic cleavage of a single precursor polypeptide. The two subunits have different substrate specificities.


cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle

A multisubunit complex located in the cytosol of a cell, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes, unfolds ubiquitinated proteins and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-CD9-CD47-platelet glycoprotein Ib complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell surface proteins CD9 and CD47, and the heterodimeric platelet glycoprotein Ib.


3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide + carbon dioxide (CO2). This requires thiamine diphosphate; the enzyme also acts on (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, peripheral segment

The peripheral segment of respiratory chain complex I located in the mitochondrion. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.


mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH)

A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.


caspase complex

A protein complex that contains one or more cysteine-type endopeptidases (also called caspases), which give the complex a peptidase activity with specificity for the hydrolysis of aspartyl bonds. These complexes may be involved e.g. in apoptotic or inflammation processes.


nuclear replisome

A multi-component enzymatic machine at the nuclear replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3e

An eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex that contains the PCI-domain protein eIF3e.


RGS6-DNMT1-DMAP1 complex

A protein complex formed by the association of RGS6, a negative regulator of heterotrimeric G protein signaling, with the DMAP1-Dnmt1 transcriptional repressor complex; in the complex, RGS6 inhibits the transcriptional repressor activity of DMAP1.


ATP-dependent citrate lyase complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA.


complement component C1q complex

A protein-containing complex composed of six subunits of each of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB. It is a subunit of the complement C1 complex. In addition to complement activation, C1q appears to have roles in homeostasis and cellular development, superoxide (O2-) production by neutrophils, blood coagulation and neurological synapse pruning.


Tapasin-ERp57 complex

Subunit of the MHC class I peptide loading complex (GO:0042824) (=PLC) involved in the assembly of the heavy-chain-beta2-microglobulin dimers of the MHC class I molecules that fold with eight to ten residue peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum. Required for the inhibition of the reduction of the disulfide bonds of the heavy chains and the assembly and stabilization of the PLC, suggesting it may play a structural rather than a catalytic role.


cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex

An aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex found in the cytosol, in which the ligand-binding subunit AhR is not bound to ligand; consists of AhR, two molecules of HSP90, the protein kinase c-Src, and the immunophilin XAP2/AIP.


SMC loading complex

A protein complex required for the loading of a structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complex, such as cohesin, condensin or SMC5/SMC6, onto DNA. Appears to be eukaryotically conserved.


anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase complex

An enzyme complex composed of 4 subunits, 2 copies of the large protein (nrdD in E. coli) and 2 copies of the small protein (nrdG in E. coli). It catalyzes the generation of 2'deoxyribonucleotides under anaerobic growth conditions. The larger subunit is the catalytic unit that is activated by the smaller iron-binding subunit.


survivin complex

A protein complex that negatively regulates apoptotic processes. In human, this anti-apoptotic complex is a homodimer of BIRC5 (survivin) and provides one survivin molecule to the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC).


A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.


RNA polymerase V transcription repressor complex

A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase V promoter.


RISC-loading complex

A trimeric protein complex required for the formation of a mature RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1), TRBP (TARBP2) and the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP. This complex has endoribonuclease activity.


alphaV-beta3 integrin-laminin alpha-4 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaV-beta3 integrin complex bound to laminin alpha-4.


chloroplast small ribosomal subunit

The small subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-JAM2 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell adhesion molecule JAM2.


respiratory chain complex II

A part of the respiratory chain, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.


MHC protein complex

A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.


9+2 motile cilium

A motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets plus two central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+2 axoneme).


synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex

A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin I (or orthologs thereof).


protein C inhibitor-acrosin complex

A heterodimeric protein complex of protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and acrosin; formation of the complex inhibits the protease activity of acrosin.


DNA repair complex

A protein complex involved in DNA repair processes including direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.


extracellular ferritin complex

A ferritin complex located in the extracellular region. Extracellular ferritin complexes contain L (light) chains but few or no H (heavy) chains.


type I protein secretion system complex

A complex of three secretory proteins that carry out secretion in the type I secretion system: an inner membrane transport ATPase (termed ABC protein for ATP-binding cassette), which provides the energy for protein secretion; an outer membrane protein, which is exported via the sec pathway; and a membrane fusion protein, which is anchored in the inner membrane and spans the periplasmic space.


C/EBP complex

A dimeric, sequence specific DNA-binding transcription factor complex regulating the expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Exists at least as alpha and beta homodimeric forms. Binds to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokines genes and probably plays a role in the regulation of acute-phase reaction, inflammation and hemopoiesis. The consensus recognition site is 5'-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3'. Transcription factor activity is inhibited by binding of CHOP forming heterodimers with alternative transcription factor activities.


ESCRT IV complex

An ESCRT complex that has AAA-ATPase activity and is involved in ESCRT-mediated intralumenal vesicle formation and the final stages of cytokinesis. The complex catalyzes disassembly of the ESCRT III filament around the neck of the budding vesicle in an ATP-driven reaction, resulting in membrane scission and recycling of the ESCRT III components back to the cytosol. In yeast, it is formed by the AAA ATPase Vps4 and its cofactor Vta1.


CSK-GAP-A.p62 complex

A protein complex that contains the protein-tyrosine kinase CSK and the GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-associated p62 (GAP-A.p62); may mediate translocation of proteins, including GAP and CSK, to membrane or cytoskeletal regions upon c-Src activation.


acid phosphatase complex

A protein complex which is capable of acid phosphatase activity.


gamma DNA polymerase complex

A DNA polymerase complex consisting of a large subunit, responsible for the catalytic activities, and a small accessory subunit. Functions in the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA.


TRAPPII protein complex

A complex that mediates intra-Golgi traffic, Golgi exit, endosome-to-Golgi traffic, and the trafficking of autophagy proteins from Golgi to the phagophore assembly site. Binds to a component of the COPI coat. In yeast it includes the following subunits: Bet3 (as homodimer), Bet5, Tca17, Trs20, Trs23, Trs31, Trs33, Trs65, Trs120, Trs130. The whole complex is thought to dimerize with itself.


MICOS complex

Mitochondrial inner membrane complex involved in maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex has six subunits: MIC10, MIC12, MIC19, MIC26, MIC27, and MIC60.


transporter complex

A protein complex facilitating transport of molecules (proteins, small molecules, nucleic acids) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


light-harvesting complex, core complex

Light harvesting complex associated with the reaction complex of photosynthetic purple bacteria.


INO80-type complex

A chromatin remodeling protein complex initially purified from S. cerevisiae and containing more than 10 subunits, including the SWR1-related complexes. INO80 (inositol requiring 80)-type complexes have diverse functions, including promoting transcriptional activation and DNA repair.


proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex

The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the proteasome core complex. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus.


RZZ complex

A kinetochore component required for both meiotic and mitotic spindle assembly checkpoints.


super elongation complex

A transcription elongation factor complex that increases the overall rate of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation by suppressing transient polymerase pausing. At minimum, the complex contains a transcription factor of the ELL family, an EAF protein, and an AFF family protein or distant relative and most likely also P-TEFb and AF9 or ENL. The complex is conserved from yeast to humans. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe it contains Ell1, Eaf1, and Ebp1, but it is absent from S. cerevisiae.


cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

Any ubiquitin ligase complex in which the catalytic core consists of a member of the cullin family and a RING domain protein; the core is associated with one or more additional proteins that confer substrate specificity.


tRNA (m7G46) methyltransferase complex

A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 7-methylguanine (at position 46 in certain tRNAs, such as tRNA(phe) and tRNA(met). In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Trm8 (catalytic) and Trm82 (WD repeat).


cytosolic ribosome

A ribosome located in the cytosol.


Myo2p-Vac17p-Vac8p transport complex

A protein complex that is involved in transport of vacuoles to a newly formed daughter cell. In yeast, this complex is composed of Myo2p, Vac17p, and Vac8p.


protein C inhibitor-coagulation factor XI complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and coagulation factor XI (F11); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of coagulation factor XI.


alpha6-beta1 integrin-CYR61 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta1 integrin complex bound to CYR61, a cysteine-rich protein involved in angiogenesis.


histone mRNA stem-loop binding complex

A protein-containing complex composed of a stem-loop binding protein (in most species SLBP) and its interacting partner (SLIP1 or MIF4GD in most species) that binds to the histone mRNA (hmRNA) 3-prime-stem-loop structure. Facilitates hmRNA translation initiation and may also be involved in its processing and nuclear export.


BRCA1-B complex

A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, BACH1 and TopBP1, and binds to DNA during S phase at DNA damage sites.


granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex

The heterodimeric receptor for granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


respiratory chain complex

Any protein complex that is part of a respiratory chain.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD53 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD53, a member of the tetraspan family.


U4atac/U6atac x U5 tri-snRNP complex

A spliceosomal snRNP complex that is formed by the association of the U4atac/U6atac and U5 snRNPs.


protein phosphatase type 1 complex

A protein complex that possesses magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) activity, and consists of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulatory subunits that dictates the phosphatase's substrate specificity, function, and activity.


mannosyltransferase complex

A complex that posseses mannosyltransferase activity.


SCF-Ctf13 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Ctf13 in S. cerevisiae.


ciliary centrin arm

A rod-shaped protein complex containing Centrin4 protein that flanks the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) filament and the quartet microtubules.


integrin alphaX-beta2 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alphaX subunit and one beta2 subunit.


collagen type VIII trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type VIII alpha chains; [alpha1(VIII)2]alpha2(VIII) and alpha1(VIII)[alpha2(VIII)]2 trimers have been observed; type VIII collagen triple helices associate to form regular hexagonal nets.


GLI-SUFU complex

A protein repressing GLI's transcription factor activity when SMO signaling is inactive. Upon ligand binding to the upstream receptor PTC (Patched) GLI dissociates from SUFU and activates transcription of hedgehog-target genes. In mammals it consists of SUFU and one of the GLI family proteins.


cytoplasmic exosome (RNase complex)

A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime processive hydrolytic exoribonuclease activity producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.


SCF-Cdc4 ubiquitin ligase complex

An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Cdc4 in S. cerevisiae.


plastid small ribosomal subunit

The smaller of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome.


protein C inhibitor-thrombin complex

A heterodimeric protein complex that contains protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) and thrombin (F2); formation of the complex inhibits the serine protease activity of thrombin.


DPS complex

A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that in S. pombe consists of the proteins Dis2, Ppn1, and Swd22.


alpha6-beta4 integrin-CD151 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the tetraspanin CD151.


nuclear telomere cap complex

A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.


TACC/TOG complex

A protein complex that contains the transforming acidic coiled coil (TACC) protein and the TOG protein (Mia1p/Alp7p and Alp14, respectively, in fission yeast), and is involved in microtubule array remodeling as cells progress through the cell cycle. The TACC/TOG complex is conserved in eukaryotes, associates with microtubules, and shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm during interphase.


MAML3-RBP-Jkappa-ICN4 complex

A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch4 (ICN4), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-3 (MAML3); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.


t-UTP complex

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and is required for the subsequent assembly of the rest of the preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Utp5p, Utp4p, Nan1p, Utp8p, Utp9p, Utp10 and Utp15p.


Swi5-Sfr1 complex

A conserved DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains two Swi5 monomers and one Sfr1 monomer in Schizosaccharomyces, or orthologs thereof (e.g. Sae3p and Mei5p in Saccharomyces).


heteromeric SMAD protein complex

A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.


titin-telethonin complex

A protein complex formed between the N-terminus of the giant sarcomeric filament protein titin and the Z-disk ligand, telethonin. The complex is part of the Z-disk of the skeletal and cardiac sarcomere. Telethonin binding to titin might be essential for the initial assembly, stabilization and functional integrity of the titin filament, and hence important for muscle contraction relaxation in mature myofibrils.


IscS-TusA complex

A heterotetrameric protein complex involved in the sulfur-relay system required for 2-thiolation of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm5s2U) at tRNA wobble positions. In E. coli it consists of a central IscS dimer with the two TusA protomers bound to one of the IscS units each via persulfide (-SSH) groups.


interferon regulatory factor 5 complex

An interferon regulatory factor complex that consists of a homodimer of interferon regulatory factor 5.


collagen type XVI trimer

A collagen trimer containing alpha(XVI) chains; type XVI trimers can associate with microfibrils.


dystrobrevin complex

A protein complex comprising alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin; forms part of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex.


EMILIN complex

Glycoprotein complex of the C1q/TNF superfamily found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) where it is an important component of the elastic fiber system. A homotrimer that will combine to form supramolecular EMILIN structures.


ferritin complex

A protein complex that binds iron and acts as a major iron storage system. Intracellular and extracellular ferritin complexes have different ratios of two types of ferritin monomer, the L (light) chain and H (heavy) chain.


NF-kappaB complex

A protein complex that consists of a homo- or heterodimer of members of a family of structurally related proteins that contain a conserved N-terminal region called the Rel homology domain (RHD). In the nucleus, NF-kappaB complexes act as transcription factors. In unstimulated cells, NF-kappaB dimers are sequestered in the cytoplasm by IkappaB monomers; signals that induce NF-kappaB activity cause degradation of IkappaB, allowing NF-kappaB dimers to translocate to the nucleus and induce gene expression.


NuA3b histone acetyltransferase complex

A NuA3 complex that catalyzes the acetylation of Histone H3. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Eaf6p, Nto1p, Sas3p, Taf14p, Pdp3 and associates with H3K4me3 via Pdp3p.


Ste12p-Dig1p-Dig2p complex

A multiprotein complex that is involved in the transcription regulation of mating genes in the yeast S. cerevisiae.


PSI associated light-harvesting complex I

Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem I.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-talin complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to talin.


dosage compensation complex

A protein or protein-RNA complex that localizes to one or more of the sex chromosome(s), where it acts to normalize transcription between different sexes.


heterotetrameric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex

A heterotetrameric complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In S. pombe it is a heterotetramer of Dlp1 and Dps1.


connexin complex

An assembly of six molecules of connexin, made in the Golgi apparatus and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, where docking of two connexons on apposed plasma membranes across the extracellular space forms a gap junction.


cytoplasmic origin of replication recognition complex

A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the cytoplasm.


Kv4.2-DPP6 channel complex

A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.


chloroplast ribosome

A ribosome contained within a chloroplast.


endopeptidase complex

A protein complex which is capable of endopeptidase activity.


B800-850 antenna complex

Protein-pigment complex that absorbs light at 800 and 850 nm; is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center; transfers excitation energy to the B875 antenna complex.


creatine kinase complex

A protein complex having creatine kinase activity.


HSP90-CDC37 chaperone complex

A protein kinase chaperone complex required for the proper folding, maturation and stabilization of target proteins (mostly signaling protein kinases, some steroid hormone receptors), usually during or immediately after completion of translation. The highly conserved, phosphorylated CDC37-Ser13 (vertebrates) or cdc37-Ser14 (yeast) is essential for complex assembly and target protein binding. CDC37-Ser13 (Ser14) is phosphorylated by Casein kinase II (CK2), which in turn is a target of CDC37 creating a positive feedback loop. Complex binding also prevents rapid ubiquitin-dependent proteosomal degradation of target proteins.


cation-transporting ATPase complex

Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + cation(out) = ADP + phosphate + cation(in).


actin capping protein of dynactin complex

A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, nucleates the polymerization of actin monomers but does not sever actin filaments, and which is a part of the dynactin complex.


signal recognition particle

A complex of protein and RNA which facilitates translocation of proteins across membranes.


S100A8 complex

A protein complex composed of a S100A8 dimer and capable of binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).


fumarate reductase complex

A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:IPR003510; InterPro:IPR004224) and D (InterPro:IPR003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)).


alpha2-beta1 integrin-CD47 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface protein CD47.


alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD47 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to the cell surface antigen CD47.


low-density lipoprotein receptor complex

A plasma membrane protein complex capable of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity. It may also bind xenobiotic toxins and deliver them into the cell via endocytosis. While most substrates get degraded via the endosome the receptor is recycled to the plasma membrane. It may also act as a transducer of intracellular signal pathways and often acts in corporation with other cell-surface receptors.


condensed chromatin of inactivated sex chromosome

A condensed form of chromatin that is associated with an inactivated sex chromosome and which is responsible for its inactivation.


RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex

A protein complex that possesses RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.


cytosolic proteasome core complex

The core complex of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell.


RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex

A transcription factor complex that acts at a regulatory region of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


core mediator complex

A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The core mediator complex has a stimulatory effect on basal transcription, and contains most of the same subdomains as the larger form of mediator complex -- a head domain comprising proteins known in Saccharomyces as Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; and a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p -- but lacks the regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan core mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.


collagen type IV trimer

A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form 3 dimensional nets within basement membranes.


protein-DNA ISRE complex

A protein-DNA complex formed through interaction of the protein(s) with an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in the DNA.


counting factor complex

A secreted multiprotein complex composed of 4 proteins, regulating group size during aggregation in cooperative development. An example of this complex is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex

A protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex that contains a catalytic subunit (PPP1CA, PPP1CB or PPP1CC) and the regulatory subunits PPP1R10 (PNUTS), TOX4 and WDR82, and plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase.


Mpp10 complex

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Mpp10p, Imp3p and Imp4p.


SAGA complex

A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that deubiquitinates H2A and/or H2B. This complex is organized into several functional submodules: a structural core including the activator binding module and consisting of ADA1 or a homolog, members of the SPT and TAF protein families as well as promotor recruitment factor TRRAP/TRA1, a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) module consisting of GCN5/KAT2A or PCAF/KAT2B, ADA2, ADA3/NGG1, and SGF29 or homologues thereof, a histone deubiquitinase (DUB) module consisting of ATXN7/SGF73, ATXN7L3/SGF11, ENY2/SUS1 and USP22/UBP8 or homologues thereof, and in some taxa a splicing module consisting of SF3B3 and SF3B5 or homologues thereof (not in fungi). In budding yeast also contains Spt8 which distinguishes it from SAGA-like (SLIK) complex (GO:0046695).


Isw1a complex

An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc3p.


activated SUMO-E1 ligase complex

A protein complex consisting of a SUMO protein bound to a SUMO activating enzyme complex. Activation by the E1 complex and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I is required for the formation of covalent bonds between SUMO and its ultimate target proteins.


protein complex involved in cell-cell adhesion

Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell-cell adhesion.


M/G1 phase-specific MADS box-forkhead transcription factor complex

A protein complex that contains a MADS-box protein and two forkhead domain proteins, and binds to and regulates transcription from promoters of genes transcribed during the M/G1 transition of the cell cycle. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the complex contains the MADS-box protein Mbx1 and two forkhead proteins, Sep1 and Fkh2.


telomerase holoenzyme complex

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.


photosystem II antenna complex

The antenna complex of photosystem II. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class II

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that contains a catalytic subunit of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme and one or more adaptor proteins. There is no known obligatory regulatory subunit. The class II PI3K (PI3KC2) subfamily of genes has members in vertebrates, worm and fly, but none in yeast.


ATP-independent citrate lyase complex

Citrate lyase is a multienzyme complex with three constituents: the alpha subunit, citrate-ACP transferase; the beta subunit, citryl-ACP lyase; and the gamma subunit, an acyl-carrier protein which also carries the prosthetic group components. All three subunits are required for citrate lyase enzyme activity. This enzyme has only been found in bacteria.


Fc-gamma receptor III complex

A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RIII alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-epsilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.


TOC-TIC supercomplex I

The protein transport macromolecular complex of the chloroplast membrane that interacts with the precursor proteins and contains components of both the outer membrane and inner membrane complexes containing at least Toc75, Toc159, Toc34 and Tic110.


A protein complex that possesses phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity.


ERMES complex

A protein complex that links the endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and may have a role in promoting exchange of calcium and phospholipids between the two organelles.


cytosolic oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

A cytosolic complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).


plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex

A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the plasma membrane.


phenylalanine-tRNA ligase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of phenylalanine to tRNA(Phe), forming L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).


fatty acid elongase complex

A tetrameric complex of four different subunits which catalyzes the elongation of a fatty acid chain 2 carbon units at a time in the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids.