positive regulation of cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: genkwanin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + apigenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


response to sodium dodecyl sulfate

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.


ACP-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-myristoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + tetradecanoyl-[ACP] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N(6)-tetradecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


L-histidine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-histidine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-histidine is 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-allysine + L-glutamate + H+ + NADPH.


short-term memory

The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.


L-ascorbic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


chondrocyte differentiation involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte that will contribute to the development of a bone. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


endosperm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endosperm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endosperm is formed during fertilization and provides nutrients to the developing embryo.


galacturonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galacturonate from one side of a membrane to the other. Galacturonate is the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


establishment of pigment granule localization

The directed movement of a pigment granule to a specific location.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-decaprenyl-4,5-dihydroxybenzoate = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate.


jasmonoyl-valine synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + ATP(4-) + a jasmonic acid <=> AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid + a jasmonoyl-valine.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate + L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate = ADP + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate.


regulation of astrocyte activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte activation.


catalytic activity, acting on a protein

Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein.


adenylate cyclase-activating glucose-activated G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glucose binding to its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of post-embryonic development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.


delta12-fatty-acid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oleoyl-CoA + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> linoleoyl-CoA + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor. This microsomal enzyme introduces a cis double bond at position 12 of fatty-acyl-CoAs that contain a cis double bond at position 9.


CoA pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A or its derivatives + H2O = 3',5'-ADP + 4'-phosphopantetheine.


thalamus development

The process in which the thalamus changes over time, from its initial formation to its mature state.


vesicle docking

The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.


olfactory learning

Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.


isoprenoid diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the dephosphorylation of isoprenoid diphosphates.


protein ufmylation

Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 to another protein.


cell proliferation involved in atrial ventricular junction remodeling

The multiplication or reproduction of cells that contributes to the reorganization of tissue resulting in the maturation of the atrial ventricular junction.


myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons

The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve.


positive regulation of macrophage activation

Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.


trichome papilla formation

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a trichome papilla.


short-day photoperiodism, flowering

A change from vegetative to reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that falls short of the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.


alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


trehalase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of trehalose or a trehalose derivative.


renal system segmentation

The regionalization process that divides an the renal system into a series of segments along its proximal/distal axis.


low-affinity zinc ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Zn2+ = Zn2+, probably powered by proton motive force. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


cellular aromatic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells.


postsynapse organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a postsynapse.


negative regulation of L-tyrosine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import into the cell.


atrazine chlorohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atrazine + H2O = 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + chloride + H+.


pentitol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


leaf shaping

The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glucose(out) + Na+(out) = glucose(in) + Na+(in).


negative regulation of interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway.


drought recovery

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of prolonged deprivation of water that restores that organism to a normal (non-stressed) condition.


negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway involved in digestive tract morphogenesis.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to somitogenesis.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.


3-aci-nitropropanoate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-aci-nitropropanoate + H2O + O2 = 3-oxopropanoate + H2O2 + nitrite.


skeletal muscle satellite cell commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a satellite cell.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain

The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


response to Gentian violet

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Gentian violet stimulus.


maltose O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + maltose = CoA + acetyl-maltose.


proton binding

Binding to proton.


cholesterol homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: Watasenia luciferin + O2 = oxidized Watasenia luciferin + CO2 + light.


pigment biosynthetic process involved in pigment accumulation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in pigment accumulation.


regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.


CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: X-CoA + H2O = X + CoA; X may be any group.


methyl-CpNpN binding

Binding to a methylated cytosine/unspecified/unspecified trinucleotide.


hepatoblast apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a hepatoblast.


telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage

Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short or damaged telomeres.


negative regulation of glycine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycine import into a cell.


o-orsellinic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of o-orsellinic acid.


dextrin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, from one side of a membrane to the other.


striated muscle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate + O2 + NADPH + 2 H+ = NADP+ + H2O + CO2 + 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene.


angiotensin-activated signaling pathway involved in heart process

An angiotensin receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


histone pre-mRNA stem-loop binding

Binding to a conserved stem-loop structure found in histone pre-mRNAs.


fasciculation of sensory neuron axon

The collection of sensory neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (feruloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside + 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> pelargonidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside + ferulate + H+.


lateral line development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear.


negative regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.


Catalysis of the reaction:(+)-amorpha-4,11-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = (+)-artemisinate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


shoot apical meristem development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a shoot apical meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


red, far-red light phototransduction

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from red or far-red light into a molecular signal; the red, far-red light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range 660-730 nm.


protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine

The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine = L-methionine + tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate.


dibenzo-p-dioxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).


regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


protein xylosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to the serine hydroxyl group of an acceptor protein substrate.


positive regulation of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus.


nicotinamide riboside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.


V(D)J recombination

The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).


interleukin-15 production

The appearance of interleukin-15 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of cardiocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic protein complex

Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by trans-synaptic protein complex.


structural constituent of chitin-based larval cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the chitin-based cuticle of a larva. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


DIBOA-glucoside oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: DIBOA-beta-D-glucoside + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> TRIBOA-beta-D-glucoside + succinate + carbon dioxide.


glycosylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.


sugar mediated signaling pathway

The process in which a change in the level of a mono- or disaccharide such as glucose, fructose or sucrose triggers the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.


prenyl-FMNH2 binding

Binding to prenyl-FMNH2, a flavin mononucleotide obtained by prenylation of the N-10 position of FMNH2 followed by cyclisation. An essential cofactor for the decarboxylase enzymes UbiD and Fdc1.


p-cumate 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: p-cumate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate.


response to type II interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.


positive regulation by host of viral genome replication

A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = NAD(P)+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


regulation of tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.


antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface, including lipid extraction, degradation, and transport steps for the lipid antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The lipid antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous source of lipid. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.


methylglutamate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-L-glutamate + A + H2O = L-glutamate + AH(2) + formaldehyde.


maintenance of seed dormancy by absisic acid

The process by which seed dormancy is maintained by the presence of absisic acid.


metanephric S-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the metanephric S-shaped body is generated and organized. The metanephric S-shaped body is the successor of the metanephric comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of a nephron in the metanephros.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation

The process in which a vascular smooth muscle cell (a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels) loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.


glucan 1,4-beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4) linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-glucans, to remove successive glucose units.


club cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a club cell. A club cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles.


abducens nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


polysome binding

Binding to a polysome.


divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = divinyl chlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the hydroxylation of C-24 of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) to form 24(R),25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.


response to codeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a codeine stimulus.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkenylglycerophosphocholine + acyl-CoA = 1-alkenyl-2-acylglycerophosphocholine + CoA.


negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.


C21-steroid hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.


cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)H + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NAD(P)+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


negative regulation of Schwann cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.


axon regeneration

The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.


tetrahydrodictyopterin binding

Binding to tetrahydrodictyopterin, the pterin 2-amino-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one.


endoribonuclease activity, cleaving siRNA-paired mRNA

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA in a double-stranded RNA molecule formed by the base pairing of an mRNA with an siRNA, yielding 5'-phosphomonoesters.


sieve element differentiation

The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve element.


negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide = N-methylaniline + formaldehyde.


limonene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of a monooxygenase reaction in which oxygen is incorporated into limonene.


neurotrophin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by neurotrophin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Neurotrophins are a family of secreted growth factors that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons.


aspartoacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-L-aspartate + H2O = a fatty acid anion + L-aspartate.


acyl binding

Binding to an acyl group, any group formally derived by removal of the hydroxyl group from the acid function of a carboxylic acid.


acquisition of mycelium reproductive competence

A maturation process by which an organism acquires the ability to reproduce. In fungi, reproductive competence only occurs in a population of filamentous cells that form a mycelium.


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.


heterochromatin organization

Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.


subpallium cell migration

The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the subpallium.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-N-methylcoclaurine.


positive regulation of starch metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch metabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + H2O + acceptor = (24R,25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA + reduced acceptor.


lysozyme activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the beta-(1->4) linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan.


establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction

The biological process in which a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle is initially formed.


ovarian follicle endowment

Association of oocytes with supporting epithelial granulosa cells to form primordial follicles.


positive regulation of age-related resistance

Any process that activates or increases the extent of age-related resistance.


Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the exohydrolysis of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue in the mannosyl-oligosaccharide Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2).


carbohydrate storage

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


ciliary basal body segregation

The process in which the duplicated basal bodies migrate in pairs to the mitotic poles of the nucleus and results in equal distribution in the daughter cells. Ciliary basal body segregation ensures inheritance of the duplicated mitochondrial DNA to the two daughter cells in the Trypanosoma parasites.


fungal sorus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fungal sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fungal sorus is a spore containing structure.


5-methylcytosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.


renal vesicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


cellular response to copper ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.


maintenance of dense core granule location

Any process in which a dense core granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


hydrocarbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hydrocarbon, a compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.


Catalysis of the reaction: putrescine + 2-oxoglutarate = L-glutamate + 1-pyrroline + H2O.


positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity.


olfactory cortex development

The progression of the olfactory cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory cortex is involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and is responsible for the identification of odors.


alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.


negative regulation of female gonad development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.


(-)-isopiperitenone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6R)-isoperitenone + H+ + NADPH = (2R,5R)-isopulegone + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + H+.


response to oomycetes

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an oomycetes.


(+)-kotanin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-kotanin.


lupan-3beta,20-diol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lupan-3beta,20-diol <=> (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene + H2O.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction

Any process that decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.


D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.


response to genistein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.


plastid organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plastid.


DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication

The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.


benzoyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ADP + cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + oxidized ferredoxin + 2 phosphate = 2 ATP + 2 H2O + benzoyl-CoA + reduced ferredoxin.


CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.


regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


trimethyllysine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine + O2 = 3-hydroxy-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine + CO2 + succinate.


T cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy in T cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of T cell tolerance induction.


mitotic prometaphase

The cell cycle phase in higher eukaryotes which follows mitotic prophase and during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles.


glycolytic fermentation to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose; it is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2), producing two molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose.


regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose(2-) + a (mannosyl)2-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)2-diphosphodolichol <=> H+ + GDP(3-) + a (mannosyl)3-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)2-diphosphodolichol.


endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain.


leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body contributing to an inflammatory response.


pyrimidodiazepine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pyrimidodiazepine + oxidized glutathione = 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione.


retinal cone cell development

Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision.


deep nuclear neuron cell migration

The directed movement of a deep nuclear neuron from the ventricular zone to the deep hindbrain nuclei.


regulation of membrane depolarization during action potential

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of membrane depolarization during an action potential. Membrane depolarization is the process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential.


negative regulation of anthocyanin catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anthocyanin catabolic process.


non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin.


ABC-type ferric hydroxamate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ferric-hydroxamate(out) = ADP + phosphate + ferric-hydroxamate(in).


response to triglyceride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.


ERK1 and ERK2 cascade

An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade may involve 4 different kinases, as it can also contain an additional tier: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.


response to prostaglandin I

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.


Atg12 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of Atg12 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Atg12 + S = X + S-Atg12, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Atg12 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Atg12 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.


proximal/distal pattern formation involved in mesonephric nephron development

The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the mesonephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the glomerulus (proximal end) outward toward the mesonephric duct (distal end).


doxorubicin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, used in cancer chemotherapy.


positive regulation of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid transport across blood-brain barrier.


SUMO transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of SUMO from one protein to another via the reaction X-SUMO + Y = Y-SUMO + X, where both X-SUMO and Y-SUMO are covalent linkages.


synaptic membrane adhesion

The attachment of presynaptic membrane to postsynaptic membrane via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.


box C/D RNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of a box C/D RNA molecule.


anatomical structure maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in liver morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the liver.


regulation of granulosa cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.


adhesion of symbiont infection structure to host

The attachment of an infection structure of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death

Programmed cell death induced by singlet oxygen. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


dimethylamine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: electron-transferring flavoprotein + H2O + dimethylamine = reduced electron-transferring flavoprotein + formaldehyde + methylamine.


cyanogenic glycoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.


regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the alternative pathway of complement activation.


D-alanine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-alanine from one side of a membrane to the other. D-alanine is the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid.


post-embryonic genitalia morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.


beta-catenin destruction complex binding

Binding to a beta-catenin destruction complex.


protein localization to vacuolar membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a vacuolar membrane.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-15 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the process in which a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.


mannosylation

The covalent attachment of a mannose residue to a substrate molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP + H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


negative regulation of cell population proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.


beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminides.


tropomyosin kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tropomyosin = ADP + O-phosphotropomyosin.


trialkylsulfonium hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a thioether bond, -S-.


regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


esculetin glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> esculin + UDP(3-) + H+.


regulation of tube diameter

Any process that modulates the diameter of a tube.


glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamic acid-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


arsenate reductase (azurin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + arsenite + 2 oxidized azurin = 2 H+ + 2 reduced azurin + arsenate.


deoxycytidine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycytidine + H2O = deoxyuridine + NH3.


cytosolic calcium signaling involved in initiation of cell movement in glial-mediated radial cell migration

The process that results in the fluctuations in intracellular calcium that are responsible for the initiation of movement as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine.


organism emergence from protective structure

The developmental process in which an organism emerges from a surrounding protective structure such as an egg or pupa case.


arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an arabinoxylan.


intercalary leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the intercalary leaflet attains its shape. An intercalary leaflet is a leaflet that develops between primary leaflets.


[cytochrome c]-methionine S-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [cytochrome c]-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [cytochrome c]-S-methyl-methionine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoA + propanoyl-CoA = 3-oxopristanoyl-CoA + CoA.


posterior midgut development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine

The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrin via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. It is a major structural phospholipid in mammalian systems. It tends to be more abundant than phosphatidylcholine in the internal membranes of the cell and is an abundant component of prokaryotic membranes.


envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside-(2''-O-xyloside) 6''-O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside + 4-coumaryl-CoA <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside + coenzyme A.


reduced coenzyme F420 oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced coenzyme F420 + O2 = 2 coenzyme F420 + 2 H2O.


UGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UGG codon.


aspartyl esterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an ester bond by a mechanism involving a catalytically active aspartic acid residue.


regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


ribosylpyrimidine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-D-ribosylpyrimidine + H2O = D-ribose + a pyrimidine.


amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


negative regulation of intestinal absorption

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


positive regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.


active monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other up the solute's concentration gradient. This is carried out by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.


B cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a B cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.


AMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


phosphocholine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein-serine-choline phosphate + H2O = protein-serine + choline phosphate.


negative regulation of cell cycle checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle checkpoint.


entry into host through the stromata

Entry of a symbiont into host plant tissue via the stromata, microscopic pores in the epidermis of the aerial parts of terrestrial plants. These pores are essential for photosynthesis, as they allow CO2 to diffuse into the plant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of neuronal signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal signal transduction.


negative regulation of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


lipopolysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.


regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.


induction by symbiont of tumor or growth in host

The process in which a symbiont causes the formation of a mass of cells in a host organism. While these growths are often called nodules, they are not formed as nitrogen-fixing structures, but rather to provide an environment for the symbiont to grow. In this sense they are parasitic structures rather than mutualistic.


histone H3 deacetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.


posterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.


positive regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of locomotor rhythm

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm.


histone H4R3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H4, producing histone H4R3me.


positive regulation of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity.


mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a mesonephric juxtaglomerulus cell.


peptidyl-arginine omega-N-methylation

The addition of a methyl group onto a terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (fumarate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + fumarate = orotate + succinate.


3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid, a cyclic purine dinucleotide in which the base groups are guanine.


beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-carotene + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = beta-cryptoxanthin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


dimethyl sulfide monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethyl sulfide + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + methanethiol + formaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + presqualene diphosphate.


histidinol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidinol + NAD+ = L-histidine + NADH + H+.


water-soluble vitamin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.


G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity

Combining with incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process from chorismate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of chorismate to 4-hydroxybenzoate.


8-oxo-(d)RTP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-(d)RTP + H20 = 8-oxo-(d)RMP + diphosphate + H+.


CDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.


inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of inorganic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.


MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with an MHC class I protein complex to initiate a change in cellular activity. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


cellular response to differentiation-inducing factor 1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one stimulus.


enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


ethanol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.


negative regulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADP+ = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


trigeminal ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


SHREC complex localization

Any process in which a SHREC complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


chondrocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a chondrocyte.


negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuroinflammatory response.


sarcomerogenesis

The process in which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber.


reproductive behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction.


regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.


protein histidine pros-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-histidine = ADP + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-succinyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + succinate.


prephenate(2-) metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prephenate(2-).


negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


positive regulation of platelet formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation.


atrial cardiac muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle of the atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of fibroblast chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast chemotaxis.


emericellamide A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellamide A.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an aldehyde or ketone (oxo) group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar compound.


regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.


epoxyqueuosine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: epoxyqueuosine in tRNA + reductant = queuosine in tRNA + oxidised reductant.


regulation of signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.


(S)-carnitine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-carnitine + NAD+ = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H+ + NADH.


beta-caryophyllene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-caryophyllene.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.


organophosphate ester transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organophosphate esters from one side of a membrane to the other. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.


reactive oxygen species metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.


aminoacyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino-acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage.


argininosuccinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-citrulline + L-aspartate = AMP + diphosphate + (N(omega)-L-arginino)succinate.


cytokine production

The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


NAD-dependent protein deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of one or more acetyl groups from a protein, requiring NAD.


dermal bone morphogenesis

The process in which bone which forms superficially in the organism are generated and organized.


regulation of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway.


response to dehydroepiandrosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dehydroepiandrosterone stimulus.


regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.


chimeric colonial development

Development a structure consisting of multiple co-operating unicellular organisms of the same species, involving cells of more that one genotype.


interleukin-25 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-25 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


chaeta development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chaeta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.


intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic ions within a cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.


p-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 4-coumaryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA( <=> p-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of iron export across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of export of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate + 4-hydroxybenzoate = 3-decaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate + diphosphate.


rhombomere 1 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


cannabinoid signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a cannabinoid binding to its receptor on the cell surface, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


regulation of acylglycerol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of acylglycerol transport.


capsorubin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving capsorubin.


hemocyte migration

The directed movement of a hemocyte within the embryo. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. In Drosophila, embryonic hemocytes originate from the head mesoderm as a cluster of cells. The cluster splits into two and one group of cells crosses the amnioserosa. Both populations then spread toward the middle of the embryo and then disperse evenly throughout the embryo.


aflatoxin reductase (coenzyme F420) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aflatoxin + 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 = aflatoxin with reduced furanocoumarin moiety + coenzyme F420. 1,5-dihydrocoenzyme F420 is also known as reduced coenzyme F420.


polymeric immunoglobulin binding

Binding to a J-chain-containing polymeric immunoglobulin of the IgA or IgM isotypes.


positive regulation of gastric acid secretion

Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.


oocyte animal/vegetal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the animal/vegetal axis in the oocyte. The animal/vegetal axis of an oocyte is defined by the placement of the nucleus in the oocyte and can sometimes be identified by the asymmetric placement of other substances such as yolk in the oocyte. The pole of the egg that is closest to the nucleus defines the animal end, with the axis passing through the nucleus.


candelabrum cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature candelabrum cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a candelabrum cell fate. A candelabrum cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


regulation of L-tyrosine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-tyrosine import into the cell.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-epi-alpha-bisabolol.


acyl-CoA oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NAD+ = L-tyrosine + NADH + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-dopa + O2 + H2O + H+ <=> 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + CO2 + NH(4)+ + H2O2.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.


antennal joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the antennal joint are generated and organized.


tetraterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosamine 6-phosphate + H2O = D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NH3.


maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensin

The process in which the diameter of a blood vessel is changed due to activity of the renin-angiotensin system.


rRNA (guanine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methylguanine.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host receptor-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a vascular smooth muscle cell.


modulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to benzoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.


negative regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle adaptation.


nucleoside phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a nucleotide + a 2'-deoxynucleoside = a nucleoside + a 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphate.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by capillary fluid shift

The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from capillary fluid shift that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Capillary fluid shift is the movement of fluid across the capillary membrane between the blood and the interstitial fluid compartment.


violaceol II catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of violaceol II.


teichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.


hindbrain formation

The process that gives rise to the hindbrain. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


R-linalool synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = (R)-linalool + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2-aminoethyl)phosphonate + pyruvate = L-alanine + phosphonoacetaldehyde.


eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms.


dihydromonapterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromonapterin + NADPH = tetrahydromonapterin + NADP+.


response to interleukin-7

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.


negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


ligase activity, forming carbon-sulfur bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.


regulation of raffinose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose.


trifid subdivision of terminal units involved in ureteric bud branching

The process in which a ureteric bud splits into three units at its end.


negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: RMP + diphosphate = R + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


nephrostome development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nephrostome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nephrostome is the opening of the pronephros into the body cavity.


cysteine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cysteine from one side of a membrane to the other.


dermatan 6-sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dermatan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + dermatan 6'-sulfate.


gallate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + H+ = CO2 + pyrogallol.


protein maturation by protein folding

The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that results in the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


GTP cyclohydrolase IIa activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H2O = 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + 3 H+ + 2 phosphate.


myotome development

The progression of the myotome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The myotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to muscle.


positive regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. The name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase.


regulation of cytokinin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin signaling.


S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione N-hydroxysulfenamide + NADH + H+ = S-nitrosoglutathione + NAD+.


nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, an aminotricarboxylic acid that binds bivalent metal ions in a ratio of 1:1. As an important industrial chelating agent, NTA has been widely used for various radionuclide processing and decontamination procedures, such as textile, paper and pulp processing and water treatment.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-methylthioadenosine + phosphate = adenine + 5-methylthio-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


coniferin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coniferin, 4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil + 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H2O = 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin + 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + oxalate + ammonia + 4 H+.


type III interferon production

The appearance of type III interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far.


sensory perception of cold stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a cold temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


pre-miRNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA that differ at their 3'-ends.


seed germination

The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis.


positive regulation of maltotetraose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltotetraose transport.


lung proximal/distal axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the lung. The proximal/distal axis of the lung is defined by a line that runs from the trachea to the alveoli.


crying behavior

The behavior in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli.


retinol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of retinol from one side of a membrane to the other. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.


16S rRNA (guanine(966)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(966) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(966) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 2-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+.


phosphinothricin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphinothricin.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep

Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.


alpha-carotene epsilon hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-carotene + NADPH + O2 + H+ = alpha-cryptoxanthin + NADP+ + H2O.


rhamnose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


chondrocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


regulation of microtubule-based movement

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins.


glycolytic process from glycerol

The glycolytic process in which glycerol is catabolized to pyruvate generating ATP and NADH.


regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi Basidiomycetes.


dibasic protein processing

Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after two basic amino acids within a protein.


erythromycin D 3''-o-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + erythromycin D <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + erythromycin B + H+.


positive regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 5-methylcytosine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 5-methylcytosine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the DNA 5-methylcytosine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 5-methylcytosine, leaving an abasic site.


carbamoyl phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.


germ-band shortening

The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo.


ribosomal skipping

A translation process in which a specific viral peptide prevents the ribosome from covalently linking a new inserted amino acid, and lets it continue translation, thereby cleaving the nascent protein while allowing translation to continue.


detection of oxygen

The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


ethylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenacyl alcohol + 4-hydroxybenzoate + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


GDP-L-galactose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.


CDP-alcohol phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a CDP-alcohol group from one compound to another.


wing cell fate specification

The process in which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment.


The chemical reactions and pathways by which a purine deoxyribonucleoside is synthesized from another purine deoxyribonucleoside.


creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of creatine from one side of a membrane to the other. Creatine is a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.


diaphragm development

The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs.


S-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


specification of posterior mesonephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules of the posterior mesonephros acquire their identity.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ malonate(out) = sodium(in) + malonate(in).


modulation of molecular function in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephros anterior/posterior pattern specification

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the pronephros.


acetone carboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetone + ATP + CO2 + 2 H2O = acetoacetate + AMP + 4 H+ + 2 phosphate.


positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.


maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity

The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.


telium development

The process that leads to the development of a telium, which is a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


cerebellar neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebellar neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


C-terminal protein amino acid modification

The alteration of the C-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.


negative regulation of Ran protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.


scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: scyllo-inositol + NADP <=> 2,4,6/3,5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + NADPH + H+.


synapse maturation

The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development.


negative regulation of developmental process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


negative regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis.


light transducer activity

Absorbing energy from one or more photons and transferring their energy to another molecule, usually a protein, within the cell.


positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.


alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA binding

Binding to an alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA.


epi-cedrol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = epi-cedrol + diphosphate.


T-helper 17 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.


transport of virus in multicellular host

The transport of a virus between cells in a multicellular organism. The cells can be adjacent or spatially separated (e.g. in different tissues or organs).


negative regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


delphinidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic, water-soluble anthocyanin responsible for blue coloration of flowers and fruits.


mitotic metaphase chromosome recapture

A mechanism to recapture 'lost' chromosomes (chromosomes which have become detached from the spindle) during metaphase of mitotic chromosome segregation. Chromosomes with unattached kinetochores are migrated along (non polar) spindle microtubules to the mitotic spindle pole body by a combination of microtubule depolymerisation and 'kinetochore sliding' (migration of the chromosome along the microtubule). The chromosome subsequently migrates along the polar spindle microtubule to the metaphase plate.


amino-acid racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-amino acid = a D-amino acid.


arabinose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinose, arabino-pentose. L-Arabinose occurs both free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, as a constituent of plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc. D-arabinose is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.


AGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGG codon.


JUN kinase kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of JUN kinase kinase kinases (JNKKKs).


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.


negative regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state.


spleen development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions.


dCMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.


phosphatidic acid binding

Binding to phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


positive regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ shedding, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


regulation of synaptic scaling

A process that modulates synaptic scaling. Synaptic scaling is a form of synaptic plasticity, which entails uniform adjustments in the strength of all synapses on a cell in response to prolonged changes in the electrical activity of the cell.


ergosterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds.


recognition of pollen

A cell recognition process in which pollen is recognized and either accepted or rejected by cells in the stigma.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in stem cell proliferation

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in stem cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate.


extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring tensile strength

A constituent of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to resist longitudinal stress.


beta-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.


bacterial-type flagellum organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bacterial-type flagellum, a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope which functions in cell motility.


bone development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the alpha-(1->4) linkage of the terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


methylglyoxal reductase (NADH-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD+ = methylglyoxal + NADH + H+.


D-glutamate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamate, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamate, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid.


polysaccharide localization

Any process in which a polysaccharide is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2-oxoglutarate = phenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with a copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of pectic acid from the non-reducing end, releasing digalacturonate.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.


regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


phloem or xylem histogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


deoxyribonucleoside binding

Binding to a deoxyribonucleoside, a compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base linked to deoxyribose.


dorsal spinal cord interneuron posterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a dorsal spinal cord interneuron is directed to a specific target site in the posterior direction along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.


blood vessel remodeling

The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


head development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vitexin = H+ + UDP + vitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucoside.


metanephric cap specification

The process in which the metanephric cap acquires its identity.


regulation of exonuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exonuclease activity.


membrane docking

The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.


rhombomere 2 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 2 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


mitochondrial tRNA 3'-end processing

The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.


telomere maintenance via base-excision repair

A telomere maintenance process that occurs by base-excision repair of telomeric DNA in response to DNA damage. Telomeric sequences are particularly susceptible to oxidative DNA damage, due to their G-rich nature.


quinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinate, the anion of quinic acid. The acid occurs commonly in plants, either free or as esters, and is used as a medicine.


leg disc anterior/posterior lineage restriction

Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments of the leg disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.


limb granular cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an limb granular cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell and a Purkinje myocyte by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 H+ + 2 a reduced ferredoxin + an oxidized thioredoxin = 2 an oxidized ferredoxin + a reduced thioredoxin, involving a 4Fe-4S cluster and an adjacent active-site disulfide.


absorption of UV light

The reception of a (UV light) photon by a cell, UV light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 13.6-400 nm.


positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-glucoside + malonyl-CoA + H+ <=> cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(xylosyl)-6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-malonylglucoside + coenzyme A.


aliphatic aldoxime dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aliphatic aldoxime = an aliphatic nitrile + H2O.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: arabinose(out) + H+(out) = arabinose(in) + H+(in).


response to pyrethroid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrethroid stimulus. Pyrethroids are a group of growth regulators, analogous to insect juvenile hormones, that interfere with the development of insect larvae and are used in the control of insects that are harmful in the adult stage.


positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II

Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from an RNA polymerase II promoter.


DNA rewinding

The process in which interchain hydrogen bonds between two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) are reformed to regenerate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ssDNA is often bound and stabilized by proteins such as replication protein A (RPA) to form ssDNA bubbles. The bubbles can be rewound by ATP-dependent motors to reform base pairs between strands and thus dsDNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z)-octadecenoyl-[ACP] + H2O = (9Z)-octadecenoate + H+ + holo-[ACP].


negative regulation of arugosin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arugosin biosynthetic process.


spermidine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-aminopropanal-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.


structural constituent of postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic intermediate filament cytoskeleton.


peptidyl-amino acid modification

The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.