glycine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glycine from one side of a membrane to the other. Glycine is aminoethanoic acid.


ketone body metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body.


response to vitamin K

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.


determination of genital disc primordium

Allocation of embryonic cells to the genital imaginal disc founder populations. Early in development at the blastoderm stage, the anlage of the genital disc of both sexes consists of three primordia: the female genital primoridum lcoated anteriorly, the anal primoridum located posteriorly, and the male gential primordium between the two.


folic acid receptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Combining selectively with extracellular folic acid and delivering it into the cell via endocytosis.


phlorizin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phlorizin + H2O = beta-D-glucose + phloretin.


chlorophyll fluorescence

The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is re-emitted as light.


root epithelial mucilage metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.


mitochondrial tRNA thio-modification

The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.


S-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a malonyl group to a sulfur atom on the acceptor molecule.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.


regulation of Fas signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Fas signaling pathway.


type I pneumocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate = 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate + CO2 + H2O.


behavioral response to nicotine

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus.


generation of mature 5'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Cleavage within ITS2 to generate the mature 5'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


arginine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


facial nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.


pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


transduction

A type of horizontal gene transfer in which genetic material is introduced into a cell mediated by a virus.


chrysobactin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tryptophan + O2 = N-formylkynurenine. The product of the reaction depends on the substrate; D-tryptophan produces N-formyl-D-kynurenine, and L-tryptophan produces N-formyl-L-kynurenine.


superior endocardial cushion morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a superior endocardial cushion is generated and organized.


aortic valve development

The progression of the aortic valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cardiac muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division.


lipoprotein particle mediated signaling

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a lipoprotein particle.


protein localization to photoreceptor connecting cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor connecting cilium.


lactose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + D-glucose = UDP + lactose.


dTDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


arabinoxylan-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an arabinoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with arabinose side units.


response to organic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.


negative regulation of exit from mitosis

Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).


protein oxidation

The modification of a protein amino acid by oxidation.


plastid gene expression

The process in which a plastid gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


histone H2AR3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H2A.


multi-layer follicle stage

The stage in oogenesis when many layers of follicle cells surround the oocyte. There is a yolk nucleus (Balbiani's Body) near the germinal vesicle.


3-epi-6-deoxocathasterone C-23 hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 3-epi-6-deoxocathasterone + reduced (NADPH-hemoprotein reducdtase) + O2 = 6=deoxotyphasterol + oxidized (NADPH-hemoprotein reductase) + H2O.


dense core granule biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a dense core granule. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the dense core granule.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4Z)-2-hydroxy-6-oxonona-2,4-dienedioate + H2O = (2E)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate + H+ + succinate.


perforin production

The appearance of a perforin protein due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome molecule.


taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of taste.


positive regulation of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibronectin-dependent thymocyte migration.


negative regulation of cargo loading into COPII-coated vesicle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cargo loading into a COPII-coated vesicle.


positive regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.


all-trans retinal binding

Binding to all-trans retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. All-trans retinal (trans r., visual yellow) results from the bleaching of rhodopsin by light, in which the 11-cis form is converted to the all-trans form. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.


caecum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a caecum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


iron acquisition from host

The process by which a symbiont acquires iron from its host, either from heme or other iron containing molecules such as transferrin and lactoferrin. Begins with either the secretion of symbiont gene products that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules (siderophores and hemophores) from the symbiont cell into the host, or by expression of receptors that bind iron- or heme-containing molecules on the symbiont cell surface. Ends when the iron-containing compound is transported into the symbiont cell.


response to manganese-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by a manganese stimulus.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


rhombomere cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of rhombomere cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


renal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the renal vesicle are generated and organized. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


protein adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein = diphosphate + adenylyl-protein; mediates the addition of an adenylyl (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP group) to L-serine, L-threonine, and L-tyrosine residues in target proteins.


regulation of keratinocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


trimming of terminal mannose on C branch

The removal of an alpha-1,2-linked mannose from the C-chain of a glycoprotein oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in salivary gland development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the salivary gland. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Any inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


intraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of intraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Intraglomerular mesangial cells are specialized pericytes located among the glomerular capillaries within a renal corpuscle of a kidney. They are required for filtration, structural support and phagocytosis.


inulinase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 2,1-beta-D-fructosidic linkages in inulin.


developmental maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state.


R8 cell-mediated photoreceptor organization

The regionalization process that coordinates the recruitment and organization of other non-R8 photoreceptors by the R8 photoreceptor.


centrosomal and pronuclear rotation

The rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryos such as those of Caenorhabditis elegans, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion.


riboflavin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of riboflavin from one side of a membrane to the other. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins.


enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oxidized glutathione + [xanthine dehydrogenase] = reduced glutathione + xanthine-oxidase.


trypsinogen activation

The proteolytic processing of trypsinogen to the active form, trypsin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate + L-methionyl-tRNA + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + N-formylmethionyl-tRNA.


detection of electrical stimulus involved in electroception

The series of events that contribute to electroception in which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


cardiac neural crest cell development involved in heart development

The process aimed at the progression of a cardiac neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell that contributes to the development of the heart.


envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism.


mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


negative regulation of dermatome development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.


positive regulation of maltoheptaose metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose metabolic process.


positive regulation of leukocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.


adrenaline O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-adrenaline(1+) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> metanephrine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


stomatal lineage progression

The process in which an unspecialized epidermal cell progresses through a series of divisions that culminate in the production of a stomatal complex.


gibberellin 12 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.


regulation of intracellular transport of viral material

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of egress of virus within host cell.


16S rRNA (adenine(1518)-N(6)/adenine(1519)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(1518)/adenine(1519) in 16S rRNA = 4 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(1518)/N(6)-dimethyladenine(1519) in 16S rRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + NAD(P)+ = (4R,5S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-dioxohexanoate + NAD(P)H + H+.


posterior abdomen determination

The regionalization process in which the posterior (abdominal) regions of the embryo are specified by the gap genes.


AAA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AAA codon.


presynaptic membrane organization

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.


Notch signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


lipoprotein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


metanephric capsule specification

The regionalization process in which the identity of the metanephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


positive regulation of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch.


leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


triterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.


negative regulation of maltopentaose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltopentaose transport.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.


biopterin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of biopterin from one side of a membrane to the other. Biopterin is a growth factor for certain protozoans and some insects; it is widely distributed in tissues and functions in a reduced form, tetrahydrobiopterin, as a hydroxylation coenzyme.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via the 5'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-tyrosine.


uterine wall breakdown

The sloughing of the endometrium and blood vessels during menstruation that results from a drop in progesterone levels.


cardiogenic plate morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the cardiogenic plate are generated and organized. The cardiogenic plate is the first recognizable structure derived from the heart field.


response to L-thialysine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus.


positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.


positive regulation of macrophage migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.


response to microbial phytotoxin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microbial phytotoxin stimulus. A microbial phytotoxin is a chemical substance produced by microbes which is toxic to plants.


phosphothreonine lyase activity

Catalysis of the removal of the phosphate group from phosphothreonine by cleavage of the C-OP bond with the concomitant abstraction of the alpha proton, generating a double bond-containing product.


fibrinogen binding

Binding to fibrinogen, a highly soluble hexameric glycoprotein complex that is found in blood plasma and is converted to fibrin by thrombin in the coagulation cascade.


cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinol-7 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinol-7 + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


cellular response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.


xenobiotic glucuronidation

The modification of a xenobiotic substance by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The resultant glucuronosides are often much more water-soluble than the xenobiotic precursor, enabling efficient excretion.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephric field specification

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in regions of the embryo being delineated into the area in which the pronephric kidney will develop.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor protein signaling pathway activity. An adrenergic receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


DNA-dependent DNA replication DNA ligation

The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA-dependent DNA replication.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine nucleoside + phosphate = pyrimidine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NAD(P)+ = 2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = D-myo-inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of mammary gland involution

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland involution.


positive regulation of hemopoiesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis.


negative regulation of defense response to virus by host

Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-20-one + NADP+ = 5beta-pregnan-3,20-dione + H+ + NADPH.


methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA binding

Binding to methionine-initator methionine tRNA.


proprioception

The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.


thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thrombin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


response to tetrachloromethane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetrachloromethane stimulus.


R8 cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R8 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R8 photoreceptor is the founding receptor of each ommatidium.


glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + L-glutamate + ATP = L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


phenylethylamine metabolic process involved in synaptic transmission

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine that contribute to synaptic transmission.


neuromast mantle cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.


acinar cell of sebaceous gland differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an acinar cell of sebaceous gland.


peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine; the oleate and palmitate actually represent mixtures of saturated (generally at 3') and unsaturated (generally at 2') fatty acids.


thrombin-activated receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is activated by cleavage by thrombin, which exposes a tethered ligand corresponding to the new N-terminus, which binds to the receptor and activates it.


trunk segmentation

Partitioning of the blastoderm embryo into trunk segmental units. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8.


innate immune receptor activity

Receiving a signal and transmitting it in a cell to initiate an innate immune response.


positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


plant endodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a plant endodermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


UDP-galactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


A photosynthetic phosphorylation process in which ATP synthesis is linked to the transport of electrons from water to NADP+ with the production of NADPH and dioxygen (O2). Involves photosystem I and photosystem II.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + dTTP = diphosphate + dTDP-glucose.


auditory receptor cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


response to interleukin-15

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-15 stimulus.


sno(s)RNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA family molecule, also referred to as an sRNA in Archaea.


vagus nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


palmitoleic acid delta 12 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoleoyl-CoA + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> (9Z,12Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoA + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


xylem and phloem pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction

An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell and is involved in its contraction.


cytosolic lipolysis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipid droplets and hydrolysis of stored triglycerides occurring through the orchestrated activation of cytosolic lipases.


GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanine + H2O = GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate + D-alanine.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

(S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = orotate + a quinol.


positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel in another organism

Any process in which an organism positively regulates the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting keto- and enol-groups

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is a keto- or an enol-group, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.


alkyl caffeate ester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of alkyl caffeate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydroxy-6-methoxypyrene + XCH3 = 1,6-dimethoxypyrene + HX.


atrial cardiac muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrial cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that receives blood into the organ.


benzoyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzoyl-CoA.


co-translational protein acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring before the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.


Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sugar(out) = protein histidine + sugar phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.


alpha-amino acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alpha-amino acid.


melanosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a melanosome, a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.


aerobactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.


regulation of phialide development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phialide development, a process that leads to the formation of phialides. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip.


positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.


replicative senescence

A cell aging process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to telomere shortening and/or cellular aging.


Catalysis of the reaction: patuletin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> quercetagetin 3',6-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding

Binding to a pre-mRNA 3' splice site sequence.


regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility

Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility.


negative regulation of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to very-low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.


negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.


limb basal epidermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a limb epidermal basal cell. A epidermal basal cell cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into more specialized cell of the limb epidermis.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


regulation of urease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urease activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + trimethylamine-N-oxide = NAD+ + trimethylamine + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H+ = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + CO2.


flagellum attachment zone organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a flagellum attachment zone. FAZ is a network of cytoskeletal and membranous connections responsible for the lateral attachment of the cilium to the cell body in some trypanosomatid species.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


excitatory synapse pruning

The disaggregation of an excitatory synapse into its constituent components.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-enoyl-CoA + H2O = 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA.


peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked phosphatide following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond, as in the cleavage of arginine from the carboxy-terminal of Apg8 followed by its amidation with phosphatidylethanolamine.


negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.


proboscis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proboscis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


monoatomic ion gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific ion stimulus.


hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1) in response to lowered oxygen levels (hypoxia). Under hypoxic conditions, the oxygen-sensitive alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 dimerizes with a HIF1-beta subunit (also called ARNT or aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor nuclear translocator), translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of genes whose products participate in responding to hypoxia.


nephric duct morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephric duct are generated and organized. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.


dehydrogluconokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + ATP = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + ADP + 2 H+.


chlamydospore formation

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall. An example of this is found in Candida albicans.


protein catabolic process, modulating synaptic transmission

Any protein degradation process, occurring at a presynapse, that regulates synaptic transmission.


D-glucarate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


respiratory burst

A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


prosaposin receptor activity

Combining with prosaposin to initiate a change in cell activity. Prosaposin is the glycoprotein precursor of four cleavage products (saposins A, B, C and D).


planar cell polarity pathway involved in pericardium morphogenesis

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity that contributes to the shaping of the pericardium.


regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation.


response to cyclosporin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclosporin A stimulus.


regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.


purine nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furoate + H+ = 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furylacetate + CO2.


farnesyl diphosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate + ATP = 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl triphosphate + ADP.


succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + succinate + CoA = GDP + succinyl-CoA + phosphate.


clypeus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The clypeus is the shield-shaped plate on an insect's head.


histone H3K9 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl9-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 9 of histone H3, producing histone H3K9me3.


Catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = (23S)-23,25-dihydroxycalciol + H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


apoptotic process involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that is involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis.


response to nocodazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nocodazole stimulus.


regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.


response to pheromone triggering conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus that positively regulates the process of conjugation with cellular fusion. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prostaglandin E(1) = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1 + H+ + NADPH.


modified amino acid binding

Binding to a modified amino acid.


D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.


transcription by RNA polymerase I

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (RNAP I), originating at an RNAP I promoter.


11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase

Catalysis of the reaction:11-cis-retinol-[retinal-binding-protein] + NAD+ <=> 11-cis-retinal-[retinol-binding-protein] + NADH.


wobble position cytosine ribose methylation

The process in which the ribose of cytidine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.


protein-disulfide reductase (NAD(P)) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein-dithiol + NAD(P)+ = protein-disulfide + NAD(P)H + H+.


terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).


histone arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone 3 L-arginyl = histone 3 L-citrullyl + NH4+, resulting in histone citrullination.


The acetylation of the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-cysteine.


lecithin:11-cis retinol acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-cis retinol-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + a phosphatidylcholine <=> a cellular-retinol-binding protein + an 11-cis-retinyl ester + a 1-lysophosphatidylcholine.


sym-norspermidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-diaminopropane + S-adenosylmethioninamine = S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + bis(3-aminopropyl)amine + H+.


endo-1,3-alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R1-L-rhamnose-(1->3)-alpha-L-rhamnose-R2 + H2O = R1-L-rhamnose + L-rhamnose-R2. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an alpha-(1->3) linkage between two rhamnose residues in a polysaccharide chain.


peptidyl-tryptophan succinylation

The modification of an N-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan residue to form peptidyl-N2-succinyl-L-tryptophan.


poly-purine tract binding

Binding to a stretch of purines (adenine or guanine) in an RNA molecule.


cellular response to oxygen-containing compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus.


intestinal stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of intestinal stem cells within a population of cells.


tRNA (adenine-57, 58-N(1)-) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the methylation of adenine-57 and adenine-58 in the T-loop of tRNA.


sporangium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sporangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores.


nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate = ADP + phosphate + 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.


AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication

The process that mediates interactions between an AV node cell and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the AV node cell communicating with a bundle of His cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


response to iron(II) ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.


thiamine pyridinylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridine + thiamine = 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + heteropyrithiamine.


ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = ent-copalyl diphosphate.


negative regulation of response to toluene

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to toluene.


L-ornithine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-ornithine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ornithine is 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid.


pancreas development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones.


positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


D-xylose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.


G protein-coupled receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a G protein-coupled receptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 13-hydroxydocosanoate + UDP-D-glucose = 13-beta-D-glucosyloxydocosanoate + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: 24-methylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = (Z)-24-ethylidenelophenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


oligodeoxyribonucleotidase activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of oligodeoxyribonucleotides to yield deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphates.


adhesion of symbiont haustorium mother cell to host

The attachment of a haustorium mother cell of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + 16-alpha-hydroxysteroid = NADPH + H+ + 16-oxosteroid.


menth-2-enone hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-menth-2-enone + H2O = (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone.


glutamine-tRNA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-glutamine + tRNA(Gln) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutaminyl-tRNA(Gln).


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


regulation of leucine import

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.


Catalysis of the reaction: peptide diphthamide + NAD+ = peptide N-(ADP-D-ribosyl)diphthamide + niacinamide.


positive regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sclerenchyma cell differentiation.


positive regulation of eye pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


anthocyanidin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: flavan-3,3',4,4',5,5',7-heptol + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = H+ + delphinidin + 2 H2O + carbon dioxide + succinate.


positive regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.


arabinan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinan, a polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues.


negative regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell differentiation.


andrastin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of andrastin A, a meroterpenoid that exhibits inhibitory activity against ras farnesyltransferase, suggesting that it could have promising antitumor activity.


nitrate reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NADP+ + H2O = nitrate + NADPH + H+.


response to far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


trigeminothalamic tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the trigeminothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face.


peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation

The gamma-carboxylation of peptidyl-glutamic acid; catalyzed by the vitamin K dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.


substrate-dependent cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate.


DCT cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the distal convoluted tubule cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3,3',5-tri-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + caffeoyl-CoA <=> delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) + coenzyme A.


Rho protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing

Repair of a DSB made between two repeated sequences oriented in the same direction occurs primarily by the single strand annealing pathway. The ends of the break are processed by a 5' to 3' exonuclease, exposing complementary single-strand regions of the direct repeats that can anneal, resulting in a deletion of the unique DNA between the direct repeats.


scymnol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + 5beta-scymnol = 5beta-scymnol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+.


galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to the disaccharide galactosyl beta-1,3 N-acetylgalactosamine, a common component of glycoproteins and glycolipids.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylserine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylserine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


IRES-dependent viral translational initiation

Process by which viral mRNA translation is initiated, where a domain in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the viral mRNA called an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) binds the host 43S preinitiation complex, circumventing regular cap-dependent translation initiation.


negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


mystery cell differentiation

The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a mystery cell. The mystery cells are a precluster of cells that emerge from the compound eye morphogenetic furrow, normally positioned between R3 and R4. They then disappear into the surrounding pool of undifferentiated cells and have no known fate in the mature ommatidium. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ATPase-coupled ectoine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + ectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + ectoine(in/out).


cervix development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cervix over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


anaerobic fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid in the absence of oxygen. A fatty acid is any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.


phosphatidylinositol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


dopamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


aflatoxin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.


hatching gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hatching gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process.


benzothiazole monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxybenzothiazole.


mesodermal-endodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from mesodermal cells to endodermal cells.


indoleacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.


high-affinity lysine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


regulation of seed maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate = N-[(7,8-dihydropterin-6-yl)methyl]-4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aniline 5'-phosphate + diphosphoric acid.


queuosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.


pericardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


AP-2 adaptor complex binding

Binding to an AP-2 adaptor complex. The AP-2 adaptor complex is a heterotetrameric AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle. In at least humans, the AP-2 complex can be heterogeneric due to the existence of multiple subunit isoforms encoded by different alpha genes (alphaA and alphaC).


regulation of sulfite transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfite transport.


retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization

A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation.


Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + D-galactosylononitol = stachyose + 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol.


polyadenylation of viral mRNA by polymerase stuttering

Polyadenylation of viral mRNA through a polymerase stuttering mechanism. The stop signal present at the end of each gene comprises a stretch of uridine on which the viral polymerase acquires a stuttering behavior: after each adenine inserted, the polymerase moves back one nucleotide along with the mRNA. It resumes transcription adding a new adenine, then again moves back, thereby producing a polyA tail.


tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb

The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.


pulmonary valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the pulmonary valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


glycolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolipids, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar group acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol group may be absent.


establishment of vesicle localization

The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location.


Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + pyridoxine = H+ + NADPH + pyridoxal.


adhesion of symbiont to host

The attachment of a symbiont to its host via either adhesion molecules, general stickiness, or other mechanisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


intracellular glucose homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of glucose within a cell.


negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.


collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by collagen binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of L-methionine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-methionine import across plasma membrane.


amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Amino acids are organic molecules that contain an amino group and a carboxyl group.


regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


positive regulation of cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation.


lactone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactone.


peptidoglycan immune receptor activity

Combining with a peptidoglycan and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


positive regulation of zygosporangium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.


chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus

A chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus such as heat or physical trauma.


plastid transcription

The synthesis of RNA from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase.


acetylindoxyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylindoxyl + O2 = N-acetylisatin + unknown.


modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). EPSP is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a neuron. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.


cellular response to salt

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus.


cytoplasmic helical capsid assembly

The assembly of a helical viral capsid in the cytoplasm. Occurs by assembling around the viral genome.


polythionate oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of thiosulfate to tetrathionate, using cytochrome c as an electron acceptor.


cellular response to calcium ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of calcium ions.


exo-1,4-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine]n-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m = D-glucosamine + [beta-(1->4)-D-glucosamine](n-1)-[N-acetyl-D-glucosamine]m. This reaction is the hydrolysis of chitosan or chitosan oligosaccharides to remove a D-glucosamine residue from the non-reducing termini; chitosan is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units.


regulation of osteoclast proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of osteoclasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoclast cell population.


myotube cell migration

The orderly movement of a myotube cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate, and fuse.


maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized embryonic epithelial sheet.


mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by mineralocorticoid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


maintenance of organelle location

Any process in which an organelle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate, the 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate is an intermediate in the non-mevalonate pathway and a common precursor for isoprenoid, thiamin, and pyridoxol biosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-arginine = N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine + H+ + phosphate.


demethylkotanin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of demethylkotanin.


GCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCA codon.


UDP-D-apiose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-alpha-D-apiose + carbon dioxide.


trans-4-hexen-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trans-4-hexen-3-one + NADPH + H+ <=> hexan-3-one + NADP.


inulin fructotransferase (DFA-I-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n) = [(2->1)-beta-D-fructosyl](n-1) + alpha-D-fructofuranose-beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':1,2'-dianhydride. This reaction is the production of alpha-D-fructofuranose beta-D-fructofuranose 1,2':2,1'-dianhydride (DFA I) by successively eliminating the diminishing (2->1)-beta-D-fructan (inulin) chain from the terminal D-fructosyl-D-fructosyl disaccharide.


epithelium migration involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

The process in which the population of cells that make up a wing epithelium undergo directed movement and contribute to imaginal disc-derived morphogenesis.


regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via STAT.


histone H3-R2 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of the histone.


tarsal gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tarsal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phospholipid olefinic fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phospholipid methylene fatty acid.


positive regulation of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via phagocytosis.


cell junction assembly

A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction.


negative regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.


gibberellin A17,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A17 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A28 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


purine nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine nucleoside, a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, from one side of a membrane to the other.


octadecene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octadecene.


galactarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.


epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in placental branching

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a trophoblast cell elongates to contribute to the branching of the placenta.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + homogentisate.


chalcone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-dihydrocoumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ = phloretin + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


viral genome ejection through host cell envelope, short tail mechanism

Ejection by a non-enveloped prokaryotic virus of its genome into the host cytoplasm via a short tail ejection system consisting a central tube, the connector which attaches the tail to the phage capsid and releases inner core proteins. Upon binding to the host cell surface, the phage displays a tube-like extension of its short tail that penetrates both host membranes. This tail extension comes from the release of viral core proteins with channel forming properties.


positive regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


protein-phosphocysteine-galactitol-phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + galactitol(out) = protein cysteine + galactitol-6-phosphate(in).


involuntary skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Involuntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is not under conscious control.


kidney mesenchyme development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a kidney mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of kidney mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.


ribose 1,5-bisphosphate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate = D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.


intermediate reticular formation development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cannabidiolate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cannabigerolate + O2 <=> cannabidiolate + hydrogen peroxide.


specification of stamen identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxystreptamine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 2'-deamino-2'-hydroxyparomamine + UDP(3-) + H+.


cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ = cinnamaldehyde + NADPH + H+.


promoter clearance during DNA-templated transcription

Any process involved in the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


ocellus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the ocellus are generated and organized. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.


regulation of anterior head development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anterior head development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxyindole + O2 = anthranilate + CO2 + H+.


positive regulation of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of central tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.


ventral midline determination

The regionalization process in which the area where the ventral midline will form is specified.


penetration of cumulus oophorus

The infiltration by sperm of the cumulus oophorus to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + UMP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + uracil.


inositol phosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxo acid + L-asparagine = an amino acid + 2-oxosuccinamate.


fruit septum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit septum is a thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue in the fruit.


hepoxilin A3 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 12S-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-12-hydro(pero)xy-eicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid = (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate. 12S-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-12-hydro(pero)xy-eicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid is also known as 12S-HpETE, and (5Z,9E,14Z)-(8,11R,12S)-11,12-epoxy-8-hydroxyicosa-5,9,14-trienoate as hepoxilin A3.


luteinizing hormone receptor activity

Combining with luteinizing hormone (also called lutropin) to initiate a change in cell activity.


glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.


response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


hemicellulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a hemicellulose.


protein mannosylation

The addition of a mannose residue to a protein acceptor molecule.


rhabdomere development

The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.


positive regulation of epithelium regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelium regeneration.


Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-glycoprotein + H+.


RNA localization to Cajal body

A process in which an RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.


Catalysis of the movement of a lysophosphatidylserine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


quinolinate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


glucuronokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate + ATP = 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development.


regulation of toxin transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.


D-glutamate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2.


regulation of cardiac ventricle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle development.


diaminopimelate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diaminopimelate, the anion of the dicarboxylic acid 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. It is an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell migration.


S-sulfolactate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-sulfonatolactate + NAD <=> 3-sulfonatopyruvate(2-) + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: ADP alpha-D-glucoside + n a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan = ADP + n alpha-amylose.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydro-3-ethylcatechol + NAD+ = 3-ethylcatechol + H+ + NADH.


passive transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a single solute from one side of a membrane to the other by a mechanism involving conformational change, either by facilitated diffusion or in a membrane potential dependent process if the solute is charged.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinol-8 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> menaquinol-8 + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


pterin deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-4-hydroxypteridine + H2O = 2,4-dihydroxypteridine + NH3.


regulation of leukocyte activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


positive regulation of pro-B cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.


negative regulation of seed dormancy process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.


digestive tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.


plasma membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.


neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane

A process in which a neurotransmitter is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the membrane adjacent to a postsynaptic specialization (e.g. postsynaptic density).


cellular response to vitamin B1 starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of vitamin B1 (also called thiamin and thiamine).


spore wall assembly MAPK cascade

A MAPK cascade that occurs as a result of deprivation of nourishment.


Atg12 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of Atg12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-Atg12 + Y = Y-Atg12 + X, where both the X-Atg12 and Y-Atg12 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


phospholipid transfer activity

Removes a phospholipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


plasma lipoprotein particle organization

A protein-lipid complex subunit organization process that results in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a plasma lipoprotein particle. A plasma lipoprotein particle is a spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins.


nitrate reductase activity involved in anaerobic electron transport chain

Any nitrate reductase activity that is involved in anaerobic electron transport chain.


indolepyruvate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indolepyruvate = CO2 + indole acetaldehyde.


gracilis tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the gracilis tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the lower trunk and lower limb.


gastric inhibitory peptide signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator.


regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


osteoblast fate commitment

The commitment of mesenchymal cells to the specific cell fate of an osteoblast. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.


ascending aorta development

The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + 9,12,15-cis-hexadecatrienoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA(5-) <=> 5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol + 4 coenzyme A + 4 carbon dioxide.


peptidyl-serine palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a serine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-serine.


response to fungus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.


cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).


positive regulation of prostaglandin catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin catabolic process.


response to host osmotic environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the osmotic conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to hydroxyproline residues present in the peptide backbone.


response to nitrosative stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.


regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor diffusion trapping.


xylitol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xylitol + O2 = xylose + H2O2.


12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H2 = 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) + malonaldehyde (MDA).


cellular response to environmental stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an environmental stimulus.


secondary metabolite biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of (1->3)-alpha-D-galactosidic linkages in Aerobacter aerogenes capsular polysaccharide.


regulation of cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells.


monoubiquitinated histone H2A deubiquitination

The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated histone H2A protein.


protein aggregate center assembly

The reversible aggregation of misfolded proteins and chaperones, formed to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.


xyloglucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xyloglucan.


positive regulation of secretion by cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.


basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have side chains with a positive charge at pH 7.3.


histone H4 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


cyclopentanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclopentanol.


eupatolide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8beta-hydroxygermacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = eupatolide + 2 H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


thyroid hormone generation

The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones.


Catalysis of the reaction: 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone = acetaldehyde + 4-androstene-3,17-dione.


larval chitin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based larval cuticle. The insect larval cuticle is a secretion from epidermal cells that is shed at each molt. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.


cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


positive regulation of hexasaccharide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hexasaccharide transport.


positive regulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine; characteristic of the active sites of arylsulfatases.


T-tubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.


leptin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body.


mesenchymal cell condensation involved in mammary fat development

The cell adhesion process in which mammary mesenchyme cells adhere to one another in the initial stages of the formation of mammary fat development.


oxytocin receptor activity

Combining with oxytocin to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: dodecanoyl-[ACP] + H2O = dodecanoate + H+ + holo-[ACP].


pectate disaccharide-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pectate = a pectate + 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate from the reducing end of pectate, i.e. de-esterified pectin.


thiocyanate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl isothiocyanate = benzyl thiocyanate.


branching morphogenesis of a nerve

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron).


octopine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopine, (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.


(S)-lactate 2-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + GTP = 2-phospho-(S)-lactate + GDP.


postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration

The migration of olfactory bulb interneuron precursors in the cerebral cortex that occurs after birth.


glutamate catabolic process to succinate via 2-oxoglutarate-dependent GABA-transaminase activity

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.


regulation of amine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Langerhans cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a Langerhans cell.


CAAX-box protein maturation

A series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins. CAAX box proteins are eukaryotic proteins that contain a CAAX motif where the C is a cysteine, the two A residues are aliphatic amino acids and the X can be one of several amino acids. The CAAX-box proteins undergo three sequential, enzymatic, post-translational modifications essential to their targeting: First, the proteins are prenylated by one of two prenyltransferases called farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Prenylation results in the covalent attachment of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid groups to the cysteine in the CAAX box motif. Prenylation is followed by proteolytic removal of the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX). Finally, the newly exposed carboxylate group of the isoprenylcysteine is methylated by an ER-associated prenyl-dependent carboxylmethyltransferase.


response to water deprivation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.


atrial septum primum morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized.


mucosal lymphocyte homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within the mucosal tissue of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


cellular response to hydrostatic pressure

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.


sialic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sialic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


primary sex determination, soma

The transmission of information about sexual status from the initial, general, determination to signals specific to the soma.


plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the plasma membrane.


histone H2A kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H2A.


carnitine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carnitine + NAD+ = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H+ + NADH.


nitrate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrite + NAD+ + H2O = nitrate + NADH + H+.