2-alkenal reductase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NAD(P)+ = alk-2-enal + NAD(P)H + H+.


stem cell fate specification

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


cellular response to hesperadin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hesperadin stimulus.


23S rRNA (adenine(2085)-N(6))-dimethyltransferase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(2085) in 23S rRNA = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-dimethyladenine(2085) in 23S rRNA.


indoleacetaldoxime dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde oxime = (indol-3-yl)acetonitrile + H2O.


acetylspermidine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = acetate + spermidine.


organic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-8-carboxynaphthalene = 1,2-dihydroxy-8-carboxynaphthalene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


soluble NSF attachment protein activity

Binding to both N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and a cis-SNARE complex (i.e. a SNARE complex in which all proteins are associated with the same membrane) and increasing the ATPase activity of NSF, thereby allowing ATP hydrolysis by NSF to disassemble the cis-SNARE complex.


programmed necrotic cell death

A necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors or Toll-like receptors.


blood circulation

The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.


vanadium ion binding

Binding to a vanadium ion (V).


cerebellar unipolar brush cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature unipolar brush cell in the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a unipolar brush cell fate. A unipolar brush cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


generation of ovulation cycle rhythm

The process which controls the timing of the type of sexual cycle seen in female mammals.


cellular response to linoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.


hydrogen peroxide channel activity

Enables the transfer of hydrogen peroxide from one side of a membrane to the other.


plant-type cell wall modification

The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


regulation of cellular alcohol catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular alcohol catabolic process.


peripheral tolerance induction

Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


relaxation of cardiac muscle

The process in which the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced.


glucose-6-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucose-6-phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.


positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene metabolic process.


response to corticosteroid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.


cellopentaose binding

Binding to a cellopentaose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.


glucuronate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronate = D-fructuronate.


ATP-dependent protein disaggregase activity

An ATP-dependent molecular chaperone activity that mediates the solubilization of ordered protein aggregates.


deglucuronidation

The removal of glucuronic acid from a conjugated substrate.


prolactin secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a prolactin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene = 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylmuramate phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylmuramate (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylmuramate-6-phosphate (in).


regulation of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by endocanabinoid

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by an endocannabinoid.


cellular response to type II interferon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far.


3-dehydrosphinganine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + sphinganine = 3-dehydrosphinganine + H+ + NADPH.


proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient.


organic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.


beta-diketone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + nonane-4,6-dione = butanoate + H+ + pentan-2-one.


cholestanol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + epidihydrocholesterin + O2 + NADPH = (22alpha)-hydroxy-cholestanol + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: A + H2O + quinoline-4-carboxylate = 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + AH(2).


tryptophanamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophanamide + H2O = L-tryptophan + NH4.


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-menthol + UDP-D-glucose = (-)-menthyl beta-D-glucoside + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: peregrinol diphosphate = diphosphate + labd-13(16),14-diene-9-ol.


large ribosomal subunit rRNA binding

Binding to large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA), a constituent of the large ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 25S rRNA.


regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol + NADP+ = 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + H+ + NADPH.


ESCRT III complex disassembly

The disaggregation of an ESCRT III complex into its constituent components.


blood vessel endothelial cell fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of a blood vessel endothelial cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.


potassium channel activating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds activation of a potassium ion channel.


regulation of convergent extension involved in axis elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of convergent extension involved in axis elongation.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (hydroxybenzoly-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + H+.


regulation of glutamate secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.


quinolinate synthetase A activity

Catalysis of the reaction: iminoaspartate + dihydroxy-acetone-phosphate = quinolinate + 2 H2O + phosphate.


pronephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron distal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH = dihydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADP.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a retinoic acid receptor in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.


cell wall thickening

A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker.


Catalysis of the reaction: siroheme + 2 H+ = Fe(2+) + sirohydrochlorin.


iron-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the iron chelate iron-nicotianamine (Fe-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


spinal cord motor neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


glial cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-hydro-1,1a-dihydroxy-9-fluorenone + H2O = 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-carboxybiphenyl + 3 H+ + 2 e-.


regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.


branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


metanephric juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


otic vesicle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-cyclopropylammeline + H2O = N-cyclopropylammelide + NH3.


cellular response to humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


ligand-gated monoatomic anion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic anion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


phosphoanandamide dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated anandamide.


lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


regulation of Purkinje myocyte action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a Purkinje myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


negative regulation of protein kinase D signaling

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase D signaling.


sieve cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve cell. A sieve cell is a type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores). The sieve areas are rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants. The sieve element is the cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials.


cellular ketone body metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism.


alkane 1-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octane + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 1-octanol + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O.


hypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O = xanthine + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.


K11-linked deubiquitinase activity

Hydrolysis of a ubiquitin unit from a ubiquitinated protein linked via the Lys11 residue of ubiquitin.


tartrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tartrate.


oxaloacetate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


white fat cell differentiation involved in mammary gland fat development

The process in which a preadipocyte acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte of the mammary gland. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade.


maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet.


The methylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-isoleucine.


membrane repolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the atrial cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


perillyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perillyl-CoA + H2O = 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.


response to staurosporine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a staurosporine stimulus.


positive regulation of blood pressure by epinephrine-norepinephrine

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased by the chemicals epinephrine and norepinephrine.


aerobic fructose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the presence of oxygen.


regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) MDA-5 (also known as IFIH1) binding to viral RNA.


FACT complex binding

Binding to a FACT complex.


(-)-microperfuranone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (-)-microperfuranone.


steroid 9-alpha-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + pregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione = 9,11alpha-epoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione + A + H2O.


monocarboxylic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (-COOH) group.


cholesterol storage

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


positive regulation of raffinose biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of raffinose biosynthetic process.


regulation of glutamine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport.


hepatic stellate cell migration

The orderly movement of a hepatic stellate cell from one site to another.


optokinetic behavior

The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.


protein prenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the covalent addition of an isoprenoid group such as a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue in a protein.


regulation of neuroblast migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration.


regulation of floral organ abscission

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of floral organ abscission, the controlled shedding of floral organs.


positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


outer mitochondrial membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial outer membrane.


The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-11 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signaling

The process in which a rhodopsin-mediated signaling pathway is adjusted to modulate the sensitivity and response of a visual system to light stimuli (that might vary over more than 6 magnitudes in intensity) without response saturation.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


response to methanol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.


epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


negative regulation of sporulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone + 2 H+ + NADH = benzene-1,2,4-triol + NAD+.


negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


sulfate assimilation

The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds.


prosthetic group catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: rhamnose(out) + H+(out) = rhamnose(in) + H+(in).


interleukin-2 production

The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA with a 3' CC end + ATP = a tRNA with a 3' CCA end + diphosphate.


natural killer cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of natural killer cells.


floral whorl structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the floral whorl. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-7 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.


granulosa cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a granulosa cell, a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals.


histone H4-K20 methylation

The modification of histone H4 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.


negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


alpha-beta T cell activation by superantigen

The change in morphology and behavior of alpha-beta T cells resulting from exposure to a superantigen, a microbial antigen with an extremely potent activating effect on T cells that bear a specific variable region.


negative regulation of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


ent-kaurene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-kaur-16-ene + diphosphate.


fatty acid O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a fatty acid = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a fatty acid methyl ester.


regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


Catalysis of the reaction: NDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n = NDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1.


achromobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, from one side of a membrane to the other.


succinyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + succinyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + succinate.


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification.


deaminated base DNA N-glycosylase activity

DNA N-glycosylase activity acting on deaminated bases.


trichome patterning

The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of trichomes on the surface and margin of a leaf. Process involves signaling between adjacent epidermal cells that results in differentiation of some epidermal cells into trichomes.


ADD 9alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + reduced ferredoxin + O2 = 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin.


regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.


benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its ligation to Coenzyme A to form benzoyl-CoA, which is then broken by an aerobic or anaerobic pathway.


regulation of sclerotium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + acetoin = 1-deoxy-D-altro-heptulose 7-phosphate + acetaldehyde.


pyrrolysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.


dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.


polyol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


regulation of protein kinase A signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein kinase A signaling. PKA signaling is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


abscisic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of abscisic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


alanine-oxo-acid transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + a 2-oxo acid = pyruvate + an L-amino acid.


regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


iprodione metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prodione, a colorless, odorless crystal. It is used as a dicarboximide contact fungicide to control a wide variety of crop diseases by inhibiting the germination of spores and the growth of the fungal mat (mycelium).


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-12 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex.


omega-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + ATP + an omega-hydroxy fatty acid = diphosphoric acid + AMP + a omega-hydroxyacyl-CoA.


8-oxo-dADP diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 8-oxo-dADP + H2O = 8-oxo-dAMP + hydrogenphosphate + H+.


negative regulation of biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.


GTP guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 GTP + H+ = P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate + diphosphate + H+.


sorbose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carboxyspermidine + H2O + NADP <=> L-aspartic acid 4-semialdehyde betaine + 1,4-butanediammonium + NADPH + H+.


The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


columbamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 columbamine + O2 = 2 berberine + 2 H2O.


formation of translation preinitiation complex

The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA.


gonad morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals.


abieta-7,13-diene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-diene + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADP+ + H2O.


phytochelatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.


pole cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pole cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ciliary transition zone assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone.


cellular response to acidic pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


negative regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in hippocampal neurons.


large intestinal transit

Migration of ingested material along the length of the large intestine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate + H+ = 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate + CO2.


cystine secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cystine from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


monensin A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monensin A.


ocellus pigment granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the ocellus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate = 2,5-dioxopentanoate + H2O.


lateral inhibition

Signaling between cells of equivalent developmental potential that results in these cells adopting different developmental fates. An example is the suppression by cells with a particular fate of the adoption of the same fate by surrounding cells.


embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A skeletal joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton.


regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.


lipoxin A4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoxin A4. Lipoxin A4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.


cellular response to amino acid starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids.


caffeine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: caffeine + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid + H2O.


box H/ACA snoRNP assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box H/ACA snoRNA to form a box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.


intracellular cGMP-activated cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cGMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


nipple sheath formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the nipple sheath from the unspecified epidermis. This process begins with a circular ingrowth of the epidermis around the region of the mammary sprout. It ends before the region begins to elevate.


cellular response to organic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.


sympathetic ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.


pigment granule localization

Any process in which a pigment granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


negative regulation of detection of glucose

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.


regulation of monocyte extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.


glycolytic fermentation via PFL pathway

The glycolytic fermentation beginning with the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway, followed by pyruvate:formate lyase (PFL) activity. This pathway is found in facultative anaerobes such as E. coli.


gibberellin A34 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A34 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = gibberellin A34 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


monoatomic anion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic anions within an organism or cell. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are anions consisting of exactly one atom.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucuronyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosylproteoglycan + UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine = N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,4-beta-D-glucuronyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosylproteoglycan + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: ribitol phosphate(n) + CDP-ribitol = ribitol phosphate(n+1) + CMP.


ductus venosus closure

The morphogenesis process in which the ductus venosus changes to no longer permit blood flow after birth.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-propargylglycine + O2 = CO2 + L-gamma-glutamyl-(3R)-L-beta-ethynylserine + succinate.


lymphangiogenesis

Lymph vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing vessels.


F2-isoprostane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of F2-isoprostane.


positive regulation of corticosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.


peptidyl-L-cysteine S-myristoylation

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NAD(P)H + 3-hydroxyphenylacetate = H2O + NAD(P)+ + homogentisate.


4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + NAD(P)H + H+ = isopentenyl diphosphate + NAD(P)+ + H2O. Note that (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate is an alternative name for 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate.


dextrin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dextrin.


vitamin K catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.


cellular response to triglyceride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.


response to metformin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metformin stimulus.


limonene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4R)-limonene + O2 + NADH + H+ <=> (4R)-perillyl alcohol + NAD + H2O.


enamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + 2 H2O = 2-formylglutarate + NH4.


gentamycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gentamycin.


umami taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble umami compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of umami taste, the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-isopropylammelide + H2O = cyanuric acid + isopropylamine.


sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + sulfate = diphosphate + adenylylsulfate.


response to other organism

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism.


T-helper 1 cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 1 cell.


regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


formamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formamide + H2O = formate + NH4.


metanephric proximal straight tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal straight tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal straight tubule is the part of the metanephric descending limb that extends from the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule to the metanephric descending thin tubule.


hydroxyversicolorone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: versicolorone + NADP = hydroxyversicolorone + NADPH.


cellular response to prolactin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prolactin stimulus.


regulation of tube size, open tracheal system

Ensuring that an epithelial tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length and diameter. Tracheal tubes undergo highly regulated tube-size increases during development, expanding up to 40 times their initial size by the end of larval life. Tube size appears to be controlled by regulation of apical membrane expansion and secretion, rather than by changes in cell number, size or shape.


cellular alkane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, as carried out by individual cells.


negative regulation of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell.


regulation of embryonic cell shape

Any process that modulates the surface configuration of an embryonic cell.


transforming growth factor beta2 production

The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


cell migration involved in mesendoderm migration

The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another that contributes to the migration of mesendodermal tissue.


activin receptor activity, type I

Combining with activin-bound type II activin receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of activin signals.


corazonin receptor activity

Combining with the neuropeptide corazonin to initiate a change in cell activity.


isoprenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.


regulation of ecdysteroid secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid from a cell.


dermatome development

The progression of the dermatome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The dermatome is the portion of a somite that will form skin.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to biotic stimulus.


metanephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephron in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.


contractile vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a contractile vacuole. A specialized vacuole that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores.


cell motility involved in camera-type eye morphogenesis

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another and contributes to the physical shaping or formation of the camera-type eye.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-).


negative regulation of endothelial cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.


B cell inhibitory signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a B cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.


intracellular triglyceride homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of triglyceride within a cell.


negative regulation of RNA helicase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity.


regulation of telium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.


abscission

The controlled shedding of a body part.


dihydrofolate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.


trigeminal motor nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal motor nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


response to cation stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.


heart rudiment morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the heart rudiment are generated and organized.


protein localization to uropod

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a uropod. A uropod is a membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a migrating cell.


norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-benzylsuccinate + succinyl-CoA = (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + succinate.


cell-matrix adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


emericellamide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emericellamide.


carotenoid isomerooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Zeaxanthin + O2 <=> (3R)-11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal.


cellular response to adenine starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of adenine.


peptide cross-linking via lanthionine or 3-methyl-lanthionine

The synthesis of (2R,6R)-lanthionine, sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine or (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine, forming an intra-polypeptide cross-link between peptidyl-cysteine, and peptidyl-serine or peptidyl-threonine; dehydration of the serine or threonine residue to the alpha,beta-unsaturated amino acid is the first step; a bond then forms between the ethylene (ethene) group thus formed and the sulfur atom of a cysteine, with the inversion of the configuration of the alpha carbon of the serine or threonine occurring during the process.


positive regulation of positive chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds

Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-oxygen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.


pyrene 4,5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyrene + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = pyrene-4,5-oxide + H2O.


cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized.


pivalate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pivalate + H+ + HSCoA + ATP = pivalyl-CoA + PPi + AMP.


histone H3-K4 trimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 4 of the histone.


methylbutanoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 2-methylbutanoate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA.


homeostasis of number of retina cells

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the retina.


ABC-type phytochelatin transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a phytochelatin from one side of a membrane to the other. Phytochelatins are a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes.


miRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional miRNA. Includes the cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.


chloride channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a chloride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


peptidyl-glycine modification

The modification of peptidyl-glycine.


mesendoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesendoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesendoderm development gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm tissues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethylchromene-2-carboxylate.


Sertoli cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of Sertoli cells, resulting in the expansion of the Sertoli cell population. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.


regulation of signaling receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.


cardiac chamber morphogenesis

The process in which a cardiac chamber is generated and organized. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.


5-aminolevulinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycine + H+ + succinyl-CoA = 5-aminolevulinate + CO2 + CoA.


low-density lipoprotein receptor particle metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving low-density lipoprotein receptors.


regulation of triglyceride transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.


ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 2-polyprenylphenol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 2-polyprenylphenol and 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol.


regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.


protein-DNA complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-DNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


protein glucuronidation

The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronidation.


L-phenylalanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


fluoride channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of fluoride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


regulation of heart contraction involved in acute-phase response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction that contributes to the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.


plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade

A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell occurring in response to tissue damage and initiated within blood plasma by the action of activated Factor XII (Hageman Factor) on prekallikrein to convert it to plasma kallikrein, and the subsequent reaction of plasma kallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen. The ultimate product of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade is bradykinin, an agent known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.


multicellular organismal response to stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


medial-Golgi-derived vesicle fusion with Golgi trans cisterna membrane

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a medial-Golgi-derived vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi trans cisterna. Vesicles are involved in anterograde transport.


negative regulation of triglyceride transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of triglyceride transport.


regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance

The process in which a chemical substance modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


R8 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor.


suppression of host interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in axis elongation.


CYP79F1 trihomomethionine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trihomomethionine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ <=> 3 H2O + carbon dioxide + 2 NADP + 6-methylthiohexanaldoxime.


vascular wound healing

Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


hexose uniporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexose(out) = hexose(in).


fosfomycin 2-L-cysteine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen (2R,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-ylphosphonic acid + L-cysteine = hydrogen (1R,2R)-1-L-cysteine-2-hydroxypropylphosphonic acid.


aryl-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic primary alcohol + O2 = an aromatic aldehyde + H2O2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phospho-D-glycerate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = 2-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-3-phosphoglycerate + GDP + H+.


eugenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization

Any process in which mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to haloperidol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus.


negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diferuloyl mono-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


pyrimidine nucleoside interconversion

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine nucleoside is synthesized from another pyrimidine nucleoside.


uterine smooth muscle relaxation

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the uterus.


negative regulation of response to butan-1-ol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.


negative regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.


G protein-coupled ADP receptor activity

Combining with ADP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


phycocyanobilin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions or pathway resulting in the formation of phycocyanobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase (HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha. Biliverdin IX alpha is subsequently converted to phycocyanobilin by a ferredoxin-dependent oxidoreductase (PCYA).


tripartite regional subdivision

Subdivision of the embryo along the anterior/posterior axis into anterior, posterior and terminal regions.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhydantoin + ATP + 2 H2O = N-carbamoylsarcosine + ADP + 3 H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin -> L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O.


negative regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


organosilicon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organosilicon, organic compounds that contain silicon, a nonmetal element analogous to carbon.


microglia differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell. Microglia are glial cells that act as the immune cells of the central nervous system. They form part of the supporting structure of this system.


regulation of myofibroblast contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.


cardiac atrium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac atrium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,5-dihydroxypyrene + O2 = phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate + 2 H+.


histone H2B kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone H2B.


HLA-A specific inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I molecule of the HLA-A subclass to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


establishment of body hair or bristle planar orientation

Orientation of hairs or sensory bristles that cover the body surface of an adult, such that they all point in a uniform direction along the plane of the epithelium from which they project.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell.


cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.


negative regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.


hexosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of hexosamine or N-acetylhexosamine residues (e.g. N-acetylglucosamine) residues from gangliosides or other glycoside oligosaccharides.


GDP binding

Binding to GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.


anterior/posterior axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinitol + NAD+ = L-xylulose + H+ + NADH.


farnesol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.


epidermis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.


negative regulation of leucine import

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.


chondro-6-sulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate + H2O = 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + H+ + sulfate.


dichotomous subdivision of an epithelial terminal unit

The process in which an epithelial cord, rod or tube bifurcates at its end.


mesonephric mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesonephric mesenchymal cell population.


dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate + dopamine + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + dehydroascorbate + H2O.


spinothalamic tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the spinothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive signaling.


myotube differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. This process occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


glutarate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction glutarate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate + CO2.


peptidyl-thyronine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of peptidyl-thyronine from peptidyl-tyrosine in thyroglobulin by phenyl transfer coupled with the formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing N3-methyluridine.


positive regulation of cardiocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.


lymphatic endothelial cell migration

The orderly movement of a lymphatic endothelial cell from one site to another in the wall of a lymphatic vessel.


iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a Rieske 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: isopiperitenone = piperitenone.


regulation of adult somatic muscle development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of adult somatic muscle development.


negative regulation of glial cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration.


central T cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of T cells in the thymus.


ABC-type betaine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + a betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + a betaine(in).


specification of petal identity

The process in which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


negative regulation of lipase activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


DOPA dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the 4,5-ring opening reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine + O2 = 4,5-seco-DOPA. 4,5-seco-DOPA spontaneously recyclizes to form betalamic acid.


alpha-1,4-glucan-protein synthase (ADP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-D-glucose + protein = alpha-D-glucosyl-protein + ADP.


nucleobase-containing compound transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids from one side of a membrane to the other.


initiation of neural tube closure

The process in which closure points are established at multiple points and along the neural rostrocaudal axis.


viral exocytosis

The exit of a fully formed virion particles from the host cell by exocytosis via a host vesicle.


1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene monooxygenase (quinone-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: naphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol + O2 <=> flaviolin-2-olate + H2O + H+.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


positive regulation of vasculogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


serine binding

Binding to 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.


regulation of pentasaccharide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pentasaccharide transport.


epidermal cell division

Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells.


peptidyl-sarcosine incorporation

The incorporation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) into non-coded peptides.


formylmethionine deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine + formate.


mannosylglycerate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a mannosylglycerate from one side of a membrane to the other.


cerebellar cortex maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar cortex to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


histamine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + histamine = N(tau)-methylhistamine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


positive regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.


iron-responsive element binding

Binding to an iron-responsive element, a regulatory sequence found in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding many iron-binding proteins.


D-galactonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


prunasin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-prunasin + H2O = D-glucose + mandelonitrile.


D-xylose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


valine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.


GUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GUA codon.


extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific extracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


methotrexate binding

Binding to methotrexate, an antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of tetrahydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.


endosulfan sulfate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan sulfate + H2O = endosulfan diol + sulfite.


hemoglobin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization.


envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism.


petal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the petal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception

The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears.


alkene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propene + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-epoxypropane + NAD+ + H2O.


symbiont-mediated activation of host MAPK signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont subverts a MAPK signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + H2O = ammonia + pyruvate + hydrogen sulfide + H+.


positive regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


bronchiole development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchiole from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchiole and ends with the mature structure. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.


RNA exon ligation

The RNA metabolic process that joins two exons, each of which has free ends that were generated by endonucleolytic cleavages, by a ligation reaction.


kinetochore disassembly

The disaggregation of a kinetochore into its constituent components.


nitric oxide dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 NO + 2 O2 + NADPH + H+ = 2 nitrate + NADP+.


protein denaturation

Structural change in proteins which destroys the native, active configuration without rupture of peptide bonds.


heme B metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


but-1-en-3-one reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: buten-2-one + NADPH + H+ <=> butan-2-one + NADP.


U6 2'-O-snRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an U6 snRNA molecule.


olefinic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


Catalysis of the reaction: eriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + homoeriodictyol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


pronephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a pronephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the pronephros.


clypeo-labral disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a clypeo-labal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite and clypeus.


cell-cell self recognition

A cell-cell recognition process by which a cell distinguishes between self and non self during cooperative behavior, such as early development.


negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + oxaloacetate = prephenate + L-aspartate.


immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

The process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


L-pipecolic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-pipecolic acid, a metabolite of lysine.


negative regulation of blood pressure

Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.


chemoattraction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons toward the signal, where this process is involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex.


pyrimidine nucleoside binding

Binding to a pyrimidine nucleoside, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked either to ribose or deoxyribose.


medulla oblongata structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


galactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.


gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium:chloride symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out) = gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) + Na+(in) + Cl(in).


cell-cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.


pronephric sinus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric sinus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric sinus is an ill-defined capillary network that lies between the pronephric tubules.


negative regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


adamantanone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.


maltoheptaose binding

Binding to maltoheptaose.


cellular response to palmitoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a palmitoleic acid stimulus.


mature B cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow.


regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(pyruvate-carboxylase) = AMP + diphosphate + biotin-(pyruvate-carboxylase).


positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell extravasation.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.


regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by biomineralization

The process of hardening a chitin-based cuticle by mineral incorporation. For example, the cuticle of crustaceans is hardened by the incorporation of calcium carbonate.


guanine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanine + H2O = xanthine + NH3.


mycotoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.


tetrahydromethanopterin-dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydromethanopterin + L-serine = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + glycine + H2O.


guard cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.


regulation of muscle atrophy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.


cell differentiation involved in mesonephros development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


chondroblast differentiation

The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes.


seminiferous tubule development

The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seminiferous tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Seminiferous tubules are ducts located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa.


lactoperoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a phenolic donor + H2O2 = 2 a phenolic radical donor + 2 H2O.


6C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 6C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of complement activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth

Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).


guaiacyl lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving guaiacyl lignin.


phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.


sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio

The developmental process in which an organism interprets its X to autosomal chromosomal complement.


envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism.


leukemia inhibitory factor receptor activity

Combining with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity involved in regulation of action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching, and contributing to the regulation of action potential.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


negative regulation of penile erection

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome-c-553) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ferricytochrome C-553 + formate = ferrocytochrome C-553 + CO2.


metanephric late distal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric late distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric late distal convoluted tubule contains metanephric DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive.


formation of anatomical boundary

The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


motor neuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


protein-ribulosamine 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-ribulosyl-L-lysine <=> ADP + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-ribulosyl)-L-lysine.


protein formylation

The addition of a formyl group to a protein amino acid.


serotonin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


regulation of synaptic activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell.


protein localization to cytoplasmic stress granule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic stress granule.


proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell morphogenesis

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface.


pyramidal neuron differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast or one of its progeny commits to a pyramidal neuron fate, migrates from the ventricular zone to the appropriate layer in the cortex and develops into a mature neuron.


chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation

The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects.


clathrin-uncoating ATPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. Catalysis of the removal of clathrin from vesicle membranes, coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP.


interleukin-19 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-19 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


P-body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of initiation of conjugation with cellular fusion.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.


ripoptosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ripoptosome, a protein complex whose formation can induce an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway or a necroptotic signaling pathway. The composition of this protein complex may depend on several factors including nature of the signal, cell type and more.


blasticidin S catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of blasticidin S.


lumen formation, open tracheal system

Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow.


tRNA (cytidine 32-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine32 in tRNA= S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2'-O-methylcytidine32 in tRNA.


intracellular nitric oxide homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nitric oxide within a cell.


T cell mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell.


guanyl ribonucleotide binding

Binding to a guanyl ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of guanosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


cis-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3-chloroacrylic acid + H2O = H+ + HCl + malonate semialdehyde.


acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.


acylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acylglycerol = ADP + acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


thioester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.


ABC-type maltose transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + maltose(out) = ADP + phosphate + maltose(in).


kolavenyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate = (+)-kolavenyl diphosphate.


regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.


positive regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.


positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that activates or increases the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.


cycloheximide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cycloheximide from one side of a membrane to the other. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


virus maturation

The refolding and structural rearrangements of virion parts to transition from the intermediate virion to the more mature virion. Maturation usually involves proteolysis events and changes in the folding of the virion proteins. Can occur inside the host cell or after release.


regulation of phosphodiesterase I activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase I activity.


guanidinoacetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanidinoacetate + H2O = glycine + urea.


regulation of inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.


blood vessel diameter maintenance

Any process that modulates the diameter of blood vessels.


medial ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of medial ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


cerebral blood circulation

The flow of blood through the network of arteries and veins supplying the cerebrum, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.


coumarin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


eosinophil fate specification

The process involved in the specification of identity of an eosinophil cell. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.


regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (2->6) linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans.


para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.


cellular response to X-ray

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).


envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network membrane.


enterobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


response to iron ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of iron ion.


formate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of formate from one side of a membrane to the other. Formate is also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a cyclic amidine, a compound of the form R-C(=NH)-NH2.


striated muscle paramyosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the paramyosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


norsolorinic acid ketoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + NADP+ <=> norsolorinic acid + NADPH.


protein localization to pericentriolar material

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a pericentriolar material.


The myristoylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-myristoyl-glycine.