asparagine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


starch synthase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = ADP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n+1).


thiazole biosynthetic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


Golgi membrane priming complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane priming complex. An incoming coat component recognizes both GTPase and a membrane protein to form the priming complex.


ethylbenzene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethylbenzene + O2 + NADH + H+ = NAD+ + cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydroethylbenzene.


histone H2BS14 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2B-serine (position 14) + ATP = histone H2B-phosphoserine (position 14) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 14 of histone H2B.


snoRNA guided rRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of pseudouridylation.


response to bismuth

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bismuth (Bi) stimulus.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.


choline kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + choline = ADP + choline phosphate + 2 H+.


beta-L-arabinofuranosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->2)-beta-L-arabinofuranose + H2O = 2 beta-L-arabinofuranose.


purine alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.


regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


regulation of muscle filament sliding speed

Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding.


regulation of exit from meiosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exit from mitosis.


neuronal-glial interaction involved in hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration

The changes in adhesion between a neuronal cell and a glial cell as a component of the process of hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration.


conus arteriosus formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the conus arteriosus from unspecified parts. The conus arteriosus is a valved chamber with thick muscular walls stemming from the ventricle and connecting to the pulmonary trunk.


cell chemotaxis to angiotensin

The directed movement of a motile cell in response to the presence of angiotensin.


geraniol kinase activity (ATP-dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + ATP = geranyl monophosphate + ADP + H+.


histone H3K36me/H3K36me2 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di- or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


negative regulation of interphase mitotic telomere clustering

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic telomere clustering during interphase.


baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

The lowering of the number of nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of decreased stretch of an artery that results in an increased in sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.


regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized.


regulation of renal phosphate excretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.


trehalose 6-phosphate phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trehalose 6-phosphate + phosphate = glucose 6-phosphate + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


negative regulation of heat dissipation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of heat dissipation.


cardiac fibroblast cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to a cardiac fibroblast fate and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac fibroblast cells. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell in the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in coronary vasculature morphogenesis

A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the shaping of the coronary vasculature.


conidium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of conidium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Conidia are non-motile spores produced via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi; they are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


luteolin C-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate luteolin-7-olate + a glucosylated glucose acceptor = isoorientin + a non glucosylated glucose acceptor.


polyprenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) + 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin <=> UDP(3-) + 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-daphnetin + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + protein = UDP + 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein.


male anatomical structure morphogenesis

The processes by which anatomical structures that are only present in the male organism are generated and organized.


suppression by symbiont of host cytokine production

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cytokine production by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


immunological synapse formation

The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-8 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-8.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.


positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.


mesenchymal stem cell differentiation involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal stem cell that contributes to the shaping of a nephronin the mesonephros. A mesenchymal stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized mesenchymal cells.


regulation of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


mesonephric capsule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric capsule from unspecified parts. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


apolipoprotein A-I receptor activity

Combining with an apolipoprotein A-I receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal gut are generated and organized.


pharyngeal gland morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a pharyngeal gland is generated and organized.


xanthommatin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,12-dihydroxanthommatin + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + xanthommatin.


isopiperitenol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + NAD+ = (6R)-isoperitenone + H+ + NADH.


regulation of sterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


photoprotection

Protection mechanism used by plants and cyanobacteria under conditions of excess energy absorption as a consequence of the light reactions of photosynthesis.


Kit signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of stem cell factor to the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Stem cell factor (KIT ligand) binding to the receptor Kit mediates receptor dimerization, activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylation. The activated receptor then phosphorylates various substrates, thereby activating distinct signaling cascades within the cell that trigger a change in state or activity of the cell.


seminal vesicle development

The progression of the seminal vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The seminal vesicle is a gland that contributes to the production of semen.


response to host oxygen tension environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting oxygen tension in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: alizarin + UDP-D-glucose = 1-hydroxy-2-(beta-D-glucosyloxy)-9,10-anthraquinone + H+ + UDP.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding its receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnulose 1-phosphate = glycerone phosphate + (S)-lactaldehyde.


membrane to membrane docking

The initial attachment of a membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the two membranes. Docking requires only that the membranes come close enough for the proteins to interact and adhere.


floor plate development

The progression of the floor plate over time from its initial formation until its mature state.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.


response to mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint signaling.


peptidyl-valine modification

The modification of peptidyl-valine.


peptidyl-glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-N-peptidyl-L-glutamine + H2O = alpha-N-peptidyl-L-glutamate + NH3.


membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: histamine + L-glutamate + ATP = N(alpha)-gamma-L-glutamylhistamine + products of ATP breakdown.


2-ketobutyrate formate-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxobutanoate + coenzyme A = propionyl-CoA + formate.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + methylammonium = N-methyl-L-glutamate + NH4.


elastic fiber assembly

Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.


midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a midbrain dopaminergic neuron.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


detection of organic substance

The series of events in which an organic substance stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


response to X-ray

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).


cannabinoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cannabinoid.


detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste

The series of events required for a sour taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.


complement component C5a receptor activity

Combining with the C5a product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-6a-hydroxymaackiain + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + (+)-pisatin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


metarhodopsin inactivation

The process in which metarhodopsin is prevented from generating molecular signals. Activated rhodopsin (R*) is inactivated by a two-step process: first, R* is phosphorylated by rhodopsin kinase which lowers the activity of R*. Second, the protein arrestin binds to phosphorylated R* to de-activate it.


articular cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of articular cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


oocyte axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


phosphatidylcholine transfer activity

Removes phosphatidylcholine from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial natriuretic peptide

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule atrial natriuretic peptide.


Catalysis of the reaction: deisopropylhydroxyatrazine + H2O = NH3 + 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(N'-ethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine.


regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


cerebellar granular layer morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar granular layer is generated and organized. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbazole + NADH + O2 + H+ = NAD+ + 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain alcohol + 2 NAD+ + H2O = a long-chain carboxylate + 2 NADH.


regulation of behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli.


proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


snoRNA binding

Binding to a small nucleolar RNA.


regulation of macrophage apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3-(2-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R + H+ + UDP.


choline monooxygenase activity (NADP-dependent)

Catalysis of the reaction: choline + NADP = betaine aldehyde + NADPH + H+.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of stem cell population maintenance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.


regulation of membrane lipid distribution

Any process that modulates the proportions or spatial arrangement of lipids in a cellular membrane.


chlorophyll a catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of chlorophyll a.


baroreceptor detection of decreased arterial stretch

The series of events by which a decrease in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.


anaerobic rhamnose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose, that occurs in the absence of oxygen.


negative regulation of MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.


(+)-menthofuran synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pulegone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (R)-menthofuran + 2 H2O + NADP+.


ectoine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


trichome branching

Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide lyase activity (ergothioneine-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + 2H+ = ergothioneine + pyruvate + ammonium.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


neuromelanin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neuromelanin. Neuromelanin is a polymer of 5,6-dihydroxyindole monomers.


glutamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


CMP kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CMP = ADP + CDP.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


head segmentation

Partitioning the insect head anlage into a fixed number of segmental units. The number of segments composing the insect head has long been a subject of debate, but it is generally agreed that there are 6 or 7 segments. From anterior to posterior the head segments are the procephalic segments (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) and the gnathal segments (mandibular, maxillary and labial).


transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex.


regulation of brown fat cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.


response to electrical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.


response to glycoprotein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoprotein stimulus.


protein-phycocyanobilin linkage

The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin.


galacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonan, a pectin polymer containing a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.


SUMO-specific endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within the small conjugating protein SUMO.


negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway.


positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: neo-lambda-carrahexaose + H2O <=> neo-lambda-carratetraose + neo-lambda-carrabiose.


response to erythropoietin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus. Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis.


(+)-camphor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone.


cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.


positive regulation of growth rate

Any process that increases the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.


positive regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

Any process that increases blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.


1,4-dichlorobenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring. It forms white crystals at room temperature and is used as an insecticidal fumigant, particularly in mothballs.


cellular response to farnesol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a farnesol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinol-6 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinol-6.


18S rRNA aminocarboxypropyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-methylpseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N1-methyl-N3-[(3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]pseudouridine in 18S rRNA + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine.


positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


negative regulation of nitrogen utilization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = H2O +  (2E)-octenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation.


methylammonium channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of methylammonium (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. Methylammonium is CH3NH2.


response to chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.


ribose phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.


plasma membrane electron transport, NADH to quinone

The transfer of electrons from NADH to the quinone pool that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation and results in the generation of a proton gradient, mediated by the enzyme known as NADH-quinone oxidoreductase.


emericellamide A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellamide A.


formaldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde.


regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: naphthalene + NADH + H+ + O2 = (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD+.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to the modulation of the expansion of a population of cardiac outflow tract cells.


Catalysis of the movement of N-retinylidene-N-retinylphosphatidylethanolamine from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


cell adhesion molecule production

The appearance of a cell adhesion molecule due to biosynthesis or secretion.


methanethiol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methanethiol + O2 + H2O = formaldehyde + hydrogen sulfide + hydrogen peroxide.


RNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an RNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


peptidyl-proline 4-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = acetoacetate + H+ + NADH.


negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-ketocyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = pimeloyl-CoA.


sensory neuron migration

The orderly movement of a sensory neuron from one site to another.


regulation of bone resorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption).


4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase activity from histidine and PLP

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe(3+) + 4 H2O + L-histidyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase] + N(6)-(pyridoxal phosphate)-L-lysyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase] = (2S)-2-amino-5-hydroxy-4-oxopentanoyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase] + 3-oxopropanoate + 4-amino-2-methyl-5-(phosphooxymethyl)pyrimidine + 2 Fe(2+) + 2 H+ + L-lysyl-[4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase].


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 7-methylguanine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 7-methylguanine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 7-methylguanine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 7-methylguanine, leaving an abasic site.


aerobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.


regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.


steroid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which one substrate is a sterol derivative.


indole glucosinolate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.


polyol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2-(dihydroxy-4'-chorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethene + O2 = 6-oxo-2-hydroxy-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,8,8-trichloroocta-2E,4E,7-trienoate.


hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron over time, from initial commitment of its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


high-affinity glucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glucose from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


response to vanadate(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vanadate(3-) stimulus.


isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine

The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-glutamate and peptidyl-glycine to produce N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine, as found in the antibiotic microcin J25.


dAMP binding

Binding to dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate.


lung goblet cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins.


alcohol O-butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a butyl ester.


centrolateral pattern formation

The regionalization process in which the areas along the centrolateral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation, or in which cells interpret a specific environment.


cellular response to dehydroepiandrosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dehydroepiandrosterone stimulus.


paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


negative regulation of cardiac cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac cell fate specification.


glutathione-regulated potassium exporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: K+(in) + H+(out) = K+(out) + H+(in), where glutathione maintains the closed state.


lateral reticular nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral reticular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


archaeosine-tRNA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involved in the biosynthesis of archaeosine, an archaea-specific modified base found at position 15 in the D-loop of certain archaeal tRNAs.


fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.


plasma membrane invagination

An infolding of the plasma membrane.


auxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.


positive regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.


2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound widely used as a herbicide.


cellular detoxification of methylglyoxal

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of methylglyoxal. These may include chemical modification or transport of methylglyoxal away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


glycosphingolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methyl-(RS)-1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline.


negative regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.


prenylation

The covalent attachment of a prenyl group to a molecule; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.


mammary gland bud morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the mammary gland buds are generated and organized. Mammary gland buds form by an outpocketing of the mammary placodes and grow to invade the mammary fat, when they form the mammary cord.


5-epi-aristolochene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-5-epi-aristolochene + diphosphoric acid.


positive regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MDA-5 signaling pathway.


cellular response to BMP stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.


beta-D-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-fucose residues in beta-D-fucosides.


iron-sulfur-molybdenum cofactor binding

Binding to iron molybdenum cofactor, the cofactor located at the active site of the molybdenum nitrogenase.


cholecystokinin signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by cholecystokinin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


negative regulation of molecular function

Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-noradrenaline + L-glutaminyl-[protein] = 5-(R)-noradrenalinyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + NH4(+).


mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit rRNA binding

Binding to a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit RNA (LSU rRNA).


miRNA transcription

The cellular synthesis of microRNA (miRNA) transcripts. MicroRNA genes are synthesized as primary (pri) miRNA transcripts and subsequently processed to produce the ~22nt miRNAs that function in gene regulation.


positive regulation of somatic muscle development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of somatic muscle development.


triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity

The codon binding activity of a tRNA that positions an activated amino acid, mediating its insertion at the correct point in the sequence of a nascent polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.


regulation of cellotriose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellotriose metabolic process.


positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.


regulation of intestinal absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption.


metanephric glomerulus development

The progression of the metanephric glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The metanephric glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the mature vertebrate kidney, or metanephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + NADP <=> H+ + (22S)-22-hydroxycampest-4-en-3-one + NADPH.


negative regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.


p-cymene methyl hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: p-cymene + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + p-cumic alcohol.


keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.


negative regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.


acrylate:acyl-coA CoA transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acryloyl-CoA + H2O <=> acrylate + coenzyme A + H+.


modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation, via the alternative pathway, in a different organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: O-acetyl-L-homoserine + hydrogen sulfide = homocysteine + acetate.


voltage-gated calcium channel complex assembly

Cellular protein complex assembly that results in the formation of a voltage-gated calcium channel complex.


positive regulation of ferroptosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis.


endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm.


natural killer cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell.


pentosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a pentosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,3-diol + NAD+ = 3-hydroxypropanal + NADH + H+.


intramembrane lipid transporter activity

Enables the transport of a lipid from a region of a membrane to a different region on the same membrane.


dihydropterin oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 7,8-dihydropteridine + O2 = a pterin + hydrogen peroxide.


regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.


D-alanyl carrier activity

Binding a D-alanine and presenting it for processing or offloading to a cognate enzyme. Covalently binds the D-alanine via a phosphopantetheine prosthetic group and mediates protein-protein interactions with the enzyme conferring specificity. The carrier protein provides an essential link between the D-alanine-D-alanyl carrier protein ligase and the incorporation of D-alanine into lipoteichoic acid by transferring activated D-alanine to cell membrane phosphatidylglycerol (PG).


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-glucose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + glucose(out) = protein histidine + glucose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


modulation of heart rate in another organism

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction of another organism.


regulation of octopamine signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway.


proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a proximal tubule are generated and organized. The proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


negative regulation of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process.


negative regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: retinol-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + phosphatidylcholine = retinyl-ester-[cellular-retinol-binding-protein] + 2-acylglycerophosphocholine.


negative regulation of fibrinolysis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.


cellular response to prostaglandin F stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.


positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation.


C-terminal protein methylation

The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.


mesangial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-CoA + H2O = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + 2 H+.


synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane

Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic active zone membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.


RNA polymerase III promoter clearance

A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase III, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase.


regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.


positive regulation of membrane potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


L-altrarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-altrarate.


positive regulation of larval somatic muscle development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of larval somatic muscle development.


limb morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is a paired appendage of a tetrapod used for locomotion or grasping.


response to tamsulosin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tamsulosin stimulus.


cocaine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.


absorption of visible light

The reception of a (visible light) photon by a cell, visible light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 380-780 nm.


regulation of synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic signaling by nitric oxide.


eosinophil migration

The movement of an eosinophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


auxin binding

Binding to auxin, a plant hormone that regulates aspects of plant growth.


cellular macromolecule localization

Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.


stress fiber assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.


stereocilium maintenance

The organization process that preserves a stereocilium in a stable functional or structural state.


negative regulation of ascospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation during neural plate development

A developmental process occurring before the brain has been specified along the neural axis that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


adenosylcobinamide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + H2O = (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + adenosylcobyrate.


regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.


fraxetin biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fraxetin.


RNA cytidine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of a cytidine nucleotide.


steroid hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any steroid hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.


regulation of cell killing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing, the process in which a cell brings about the death of another cell, either in the same or a different organism.


antigen processing and presentation following receptor mediated endocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen receptor-mediated endocytosis.


teichuronic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichuronic acid, a polymer containing chains of uronic acids and N-acetylglucosamine found in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria.


phasic smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within phasic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the phasic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Phasic smooth muscle contraction occurs in a series of discrete contractions and relaxations.


tyrosine-arginine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + L-tyrosine + ATP = L-tyrosyl-L-arginine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3D-3,5/4-trihydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dione + H2O <=> 5-deoxy-D-glucuronate + H+.


regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.


mesonephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a mesonephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The mesonephric proximal tubule extends from the capsule to the distal tubule.


negative regulation of ossification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


internal protein amino acid acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal amino acid in a protein.


negative regulation of cell adhesion in ventricular zone

The process that results in the loss of attachments of a cell in the ventricular zone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3',3'-c-di-AMP + H2O = 5'-O-phosphonoadenylyl-(3'-5')-adenosine + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine + NAD = (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-methyl-4-ketopentanoate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + H2O = succinic semialdehyde + 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.


regulation of ethanol catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethanol catabolic process.


cellular response to glyoxal

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glyoxal stimulus.


mechanosensitive voltage-gated sodium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel whose activity is modulated in response to mechanical stress. Response to mechanical stress and voltage gating together is different than the sum of individual responses. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


plasma lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


regulation of neutrophil mediated killing of fungus

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neutrophil mediated killing of a fungal cell, the directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.


protein localization to meiotic spindle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a meiotic spindle.


fructoselysine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructoselysine.


negative regulation of lymphocyte anergy

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.


RNA cytidine-uridine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an cytidine-uridine dinucleotide.


establishment of synaptic vesicle localization

The directed movement of a synaptic vesicle or vesicles to a specific location.


positive regulation of cerebral blood circulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cerebral blood circulation.


protocatechuate catabolic process, ortho-cleavage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield beta-ketoadipate.


neuronal stem cell population maintenance

Any process in by an organism or tissue maintains a population of neuronal stem cells.


myosuppressin receptor activity

Combining with the peptide myosuppressin to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate + H2O = 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + triphosphate + acetaldehyde + 2 H+.


platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor activity

Combining with platelet-derived growth factor isoform PDGF-BB or PDGF-AB to initiate a change in cell activity.


urate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: urate + O2 + H2O = 5-hydroxyisourate + hydrogen peroxide.


negative regulation of R7 cell fate commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell fate commitment.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


positive regulation of alcohol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol biosynthetic process.


cloacal gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cloacal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


metanephric glomerular mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the metanephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


monocyte antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a monocyte expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


ABC-type nickel transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ni2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Ni2+(in).


parallel actin filament bundle assembly

Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are tightly packed (approximately 10-20 nm apart) and oriented with the same polarity.


negative regulation of cilium movement

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


transforming growth factor beta3 activation

The release of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-beta3) from its latent state.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + S(2-) = CoA + thioacetate.


sorbose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.


positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.


tRNA(Ile)-lysidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the ligation of lysine onto the cytidine residue present at the wobble position (usually position 34) of an AUA-specific isoleucine tRNA, to form the derivative lysidine. This modification converts both the codon specificity of tRNA(Ile) from AUG to AUA and its amino acid specificity from methionine to isoleucine.


transcription ternary complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a transcription ternary complex, composed of RNA polymerase, template DNA, and an RNA transcript, into its constituent components.


follicle cell microvillus organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus on a follicle cell. A microvillus is a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments.


macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

Combining with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.


Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


regulation of stomatal closure

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of stomatal closure. Stomatal closure is the process of closing of stomata, pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange.


homospermidine synthase (spermidine-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: spermidine + putrescine = sym-homospermidine + propane-1,3-diamine.


3-deoxyoctulosonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-deoxyoctulosonyl-lipopolysaccharide + H2O = 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid + lipopolysaccharide.


Catalysis of the reactions: a (3Z)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA or a (3E)-enoyl-CoA = a 4-saturated (2E)-enoyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a glucosylhydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA.


interleukin-6 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-6 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the cyclization of part of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucan chain by formation of a 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bond.


negative regulation of maltotriulose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltotriulose transport.


negative regulation of water channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.


protein-RNA complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-succinyl-lysine-peptide.


morphogenesis of a branching structure

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes.


clathrin coat assembly involved in endocytosis

The process that results in the assembly of clathrin triskelia into a clathrin cage during endocytosis. Clathrin is recruited to the plasma membrane via interaction with scaffolding proteins that bridge between clathtin and cell surface receptors. Clathrin coat formation is concomittant with coated pit formation leading to endocytic vesicle formation.


nitric oxide sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of nitric oxide (NO).


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


cochlear nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of receptor recycling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recycling.


bilirubin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other. Bilirubin is a linear tetrapyrrole produced in the reticuloendothelial system from biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. In the liver, bilirubin is converted to bilirubin bisglucuronide, which is excreted in the bile.


positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.


GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonyl ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a threonyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + L-glutamate + ATP <=> H+ + N-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-L-glutamate + AMP + diphosphoric acid.


nicotinate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nicotinate from one side of a membrane to the other.


plasma lipoprotein particle disassembly

The disaggregation of a plasma lipoprotein particle into its constituent components.


'de novo' XMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of XMP, xanthosine monophosphate, from simpler precursors.


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


lactose binding

Binding to lactose, a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, the carbohydrate of milk.


Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 2-hexadecenoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + H2O.


catechol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol-containing compounds. Catechol is a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine + H2O = glucosamine + N-acetylglucosamine.


ACP-dependent peptidyl-lysine N6-palmitoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hexadecanoyl-[ACP] + L-lysyl-[protein] = H+ + holo-[ACP] + N(6)-hexadecanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein].


cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


mature B cell differentiation

The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen.


spermatid differentiation

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


exopolyphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyphosphate(n) + H2O = polyphosphate(n-1) + phosphate.


L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-iditol + NAD+ = L-sorbose + NADH + H+.


mammary gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages.


negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier protein].


T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming any type of T cell.


filtration diaphragm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a filtration diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.


purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of purines present in mismatches, especially opposite oxidized purines, by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic (AP) site.


modulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.


regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


trigeminal ganglion formation

The process that gives rise to the trigeminal ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


cardiac muscle cell proliferation

The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division.


dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP+ = uracil + NADPH + H+.


Wnt receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a Wnt receptor. Internalized Wnt receptors can be recycled to the plasma membrane or sorted to lysosomes for protein degradation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate + S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + H+.


negative regulation of endodermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endodermal cell differentiation.


L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-L-threonate + H+ + NADH.


ribose phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.


syn-pimara-7,15-diene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate = 9-beta-pimara-7,15-diene + diphosphate.


calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell-adhesion molecules

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dichlorobenzoate + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 3,4-dichlorobenzoate-cis-4,5-diol + an oxidized electron acceptor.


central nervous system vasculogenesis

The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier.


B cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by B cells.


mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process

The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.


positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.


endocardial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


regulation of proton transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to methylglyoxal

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus. Methylglyoxal is a 2-oxoaldehyde derived from propanal.


regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.


ADP-dependent medium-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a medium-chain acyl-CoA = a medium-chain carboxylate + CoA. Requires ADP.


homofuraneol oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: homofuraneol + NADP <=> (2E)-2-ethylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADPH + H+.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on hydrogen as donor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen acts as an electron donor.


tyrosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.


receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Golgi inheritance

The partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division.


cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


ceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.


regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.


negative regulation of amoeboid sperm motility

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amoeboid sperm motility.


mast cell secretagogue receptor activity

Combining with basic secretagogues to initiate pseudo-allergic reactions in mast cells.


tocotrienol omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tocotrienol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-tocotrienol + NADP+ + H2O .


peptidyl-lysine modification

The modification of peptidyl-lysine.


microtubule organizing center organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center, a structure from which microtubules grow.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose(out) = protein histidine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphate(in).


hyaluranon cable assembly

A process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a hyaluranon cable, a cable structure, surrounding some cell types (e.g. proximal or bronchial tubular epithelial cells), and composed of hyaluranon (HA), a ubiquitous connective tissue glycosaminoglycan.


viral entry into host cell via pilus retraction and membrane fusion

The uptake of a virus into a host cell which occurs via retraction of the viral-bound pilus to bring the virus in contact with the host cell membrane, followed by fusion of the bacteriophage membrane with the host outer membrane.


11-oxo-beta-amyrin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 11-oxo-beta-amyrin.


ribonucleotide binding

Binding to a ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a ribonucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose moiety.


structural constituent of nuclear pore

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the nuclear pore complex, a protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that allows the transfer of macromolecules.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + O-beta-D-xylosylprotein = UDP + 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein.


Catalysis of the reaction: tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine) = tRNA-(2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine) + O2. 2-methylthio-N-6-isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2i6A; 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxy)isopentenyl adenosine is also known as ms2io6A and 2-methylthio-cis-ribozeatin.


coenzyme F420-dependent 2,4,6-trinitrophenol hydride reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex + H- = trinitrophenol dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form). Coenzyme F420 supplies the hydride (H-) in the reaction.


regulation of ferroptosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis.


positive regulation of signal transduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.


negative regulation of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric comma-shaped body morphogenesis.


histone demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a histone.


establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity involved in gastrulation

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures that contribute to the cell polarity of a migrating ameboid cell taking part in gastrulation.


lipoprotein localization

Any process in which a lipoprotein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


pyrimidine dimer DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of pyrimidine dimers by removing the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases the 5' pyrimidine of the dimer and leaves an apurinic (AP) site. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent enzyme substrate intermediate. Release of the enzyme and free base by a beta-elimination or a beta, gamma-elimination mechanism results in the cleavage of the DNA backbone 3' of the apyrimidinic (AP) site.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloro-L-alanine + thioglycolate = S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine + chloride + H+.


2'-deoxyadenosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyadenosine + H2O = deoxyinosine + NH3.


primitive hemopoiesis

A first transient wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, gives rise to erythrocytes (red blood cells) and myeloid cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime = (Z)-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime.


sensory perception

The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


D-valine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-valine.


secondary active organic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.


neutral L-amino acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: neutral L-amino acid(out) + Na+(out) = neutral L-amino acid(in) + Na+(in).


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-independent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following transport from the cytosol via a TAP-independent pathway. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: carboxymethoxysuccinate = fumarate + glycolate.


dihydrosphingosine-1-P pathway

A phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process that proceeds via the enzymatic action of dihydrosphingosine phosphate lyase.


coronary vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels of the heart are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.


sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sinapaldehyde + NADPH + H+ = sinapyl-alcohol + NADP+.


development of symbiont in host

The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


amyloid-beta metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP).


response to oscillatory fluid shear stress

Any response to fluid shear stress where the fluid is moving across a solid surface with an oscillatory flow. Disturbed flow patterns at the arterial bifurcations and curvatures may cause endothelial dysfunction, which initiates atherosclerosis.


hydroxyglutamate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-L-glutamate + H+ = 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate + CO2.


negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.


regulation of endocardial cushion cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cushion cell.


serine-glyoxylate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + glyoxylate = 3-hydroxypyruvate + glycine.


Catalysis of the endolytic cleavage of beta-1,4-galactosaminic bonds between N-acetylgalactosamine and either D-glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid to produce a mixture of Delta4-unsaturated oligosaccharides of different sizes that are ultimately degraded to Delta4-unsaturated tetra- and disaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cycloartenol = (24R)-24-methylcycloart-25-en-3beta-ol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport across the blood-brain barrier.


temperature homeostasis

A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature.


tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = CO2 + H2O + indole-3-acetamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine-diphosphoundecaprenyl-N-acetylglucosamine + UDP.


regulation of collagen metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage removal

The removal of the oligonucleotide that contains the DNA damage. The oligonucleotide is formed by dual incisions that flank the site of DNA damage.


erythrocyte aggregation

The adhesion of one erythrocyte to one or more other erythrocytes via adhesion molecules.


The process in which one relatively unspecialized immature cystocyte of the germ-line cyst in the germarium acquires the specialized features of an oocyte. An example of this process can be found in Drosophila melanogaster.


energy reserve metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucose + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 1-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucose + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


presynapse organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynapse.


S-methyl-5-thioribose kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose + ATP = S-methyl-5-thio-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


phytochelatin-metal complex formation

A phytochelatin metabolic process in which a metal is incorporated with phytochelatin to form a complex.


[4Fe-4S] cluster assembly

The incorporation of four iron atoms and four sulfur atoms into an iron-sulfur cluster.


Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3) linkage.


tyrosine-based site-specific recombinase activity

Catalysis of the formation of new phosphodiester bonds between a pair of short, unique DNA target sequences; occurs through a phosphotyrosyl intermediate in which the target sequence is first cleaved by the nucleophilic attack by a tyrosine in the active site.


dTTP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.


diphthine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-aminopropyl)-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2-(3-carboxy-3-(methylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine.


2,5-dioxopiperazine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopiperazine + H2O = glycylglycine.


8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized purine and the deoxyribose sugar.


cysteine lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + sulfite = L-cysteate + sulfide.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2Z)-2-(acetamidomethylene)-3-(hydroxymethyl)succinate + 2 H2O + H+ = 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxobutanoate + acetate + CO2 + NH4.


low-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


N-glycan processing to lysosome

The modification of high-mannose N-glycans by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase and the subsequent removal of the N-acetylglucosamine residues yielding mannose-6-P that occurs in the ER-Golgi apparatus to N-glycans destined for the lysosome.


malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-malate + NADP+ = oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+.


floral organ abscission

The controlled shedding of floral organs.


enucleation

The process in which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + NADP <=> (6E)-8-hydroxygeranial + NADPH + H+.


snRNA transcription

The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template.


B-1a B cell differentiation

The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1a B cells. B-1a B cells are B-1 cells that express CD5 and arise from fetal liver precursors.


auditory receptor cell morphogenesis

Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell.


hypothalamus development

The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state.


chrysobactin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-L-glutamate + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylpropanoate + ATP = 2-methylpropanoyl phosphate + ADP + H+.


induction of platelet aggregation in another organism

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in another organism.


Catalysis of the transfer of a linoleoyl ((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl) group from phosphatidylcholine to an oxygen atom on a cardiolipin molecule.


epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.


cellular response to curcumin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a curcumin stimulus.


iron-sulfur cluster carrier activity

Binding to an iron-sulfur cluster and delivering it to an acceptor molecule.


amylin receptor 3 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular amylin, or another ligand, combining with an amylin receptor 3 (AMY3), a G protein-coupled receptor complex, on the surface of the target cell. The AMY3 signaling pathway can also be initiated by the amyloid-beta complex. AMY3 signaling results in increased import of calcium ions into the cytosol across plasma membrane, increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Act, and a PKA regulatory subunit II, as well as increased expression of cFos.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland.


isopimaradienol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + isopimaradienol + NADPH + O2 <=> isopimaradiene-diol + NADP + H2O.


tartrate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tartrate.


regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


primary alcohol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary alcohols. A primary alcohol is any alcohol in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.


cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity

Cyclin-dependent catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.


paraxial mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.


cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cell wall. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. A cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.


aldarate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aldarate from one side of a membrane to the other.


virus tail fiber assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus tail fiber.


protein kinase C deactivation

Any process resulting in the inhibition or termination of the activity of protein kinase C.


acetyl-coenzyme A:acetyl alcohol acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl alcohol + acetyl-CoA = benzyl acetate + coenzyme A.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP-D-glucose = beta-D-glucosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphoundecaprenol + UDP.


homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + O2 = 4-maleylacetoacetate + H+.


negative regulation of mast cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.


leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell

The attachment of a leukocyte to vascular endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.


poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid.


intussusceptive angiogenesis

The formation of new blood vessels as a result of the insertion and extension of lumenal tissue pillars.


levanase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 2,6-beta-D-fructofuranosidic linkages in 2,6-beta-D-fructans (levans) containing more than 3 fructose units.


dITP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dITP, a deoxyinosine phosphate compound having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.


phosphocreatine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase.


sorocarp stalk morphogenesis

The process in which the sorocarp stalk is generated and organized. The sorocarp stalk is a tubular structure that consists of cellulose-covered cells stacked on top of each other and surrounded by an acellular stalk tube composed of cellulose and glycoprotein. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.


sperm mitochondrial sheath assembly

The assembly and organization of the sperm mitochondrial sheath, the tightly packed helical sheath of ATP-producing mitochondria restricted to the midpiece of the sperm flagellum.


positive regulation of vascular wound healing

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.


RNA localization to chromatin

A process in which RNA is transported to and maintained in a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin.


ionotropic taste receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a soluble compound has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


coagulation

The process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass.


mating-type factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with a mating-type factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


mesonephric interstitial fibroblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


methanol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.


4-methoxybenzoate monooxygenase (O-demethylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxybenzoate + AH(2) + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + A + formaldehyde + H2O.


regulation of lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of lipoprotein particle clearance. Lipoprotein particle clearance is the process in which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.


ureter development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.


tRNA-derived regulatory ncRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional small regulatory non-coding RNA derived from a tRNA.


protein localization to Cajal body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a Cajal body.


membrane raft distribution

The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a cellular membrane.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


positive regulation of endocytic recycling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.


nucleoside ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribosyl-base1 + base2 = D-ribosyl-base2 + base1.