pinocarveol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pinocarveol = carveol.


UCG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UCG codon.


positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


aplanospore formation

The process in which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.


response to karrikin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a karrikin stimulus. Karrikins are signaling molecules in smoke from burning vegetation that trigger seed germination for many angiosperms (flowering plants).


establishment of cell polarity involved in mesendodermal cell migration

The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization that contributes to the self-propelled directed movement of a mesendodermal cell.


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


myoblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


negative regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity, acting on CpNpG substrates

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing CpNpG = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-MeCpNpG.


interleukin-9 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-9 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of lamellocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.


axonemal central apparatus assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal central apparatus.


primary adaptive immune response involving T cells and B cells

An adaptive immune response mediated by naive T or B cells against an antigen not previously encountered by immune system.


positive regulation of cell morphogenesis

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


ABC-type polyamine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + polyamine(out) = ADP + phosphate + polyamine(in).


positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance.


positive regulation of flavonol biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flavonol biosynthetic process.


positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


cellular response to redox state

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.


S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


glycosinolate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.


phosphate acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + phosphate = CoA + acetyl phosphate.


3-deoxy-2-octulosonidase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of the beta-ketopyranosidic linkages of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate in capsular polysaccharides.


cellular response to laminar fluid shear stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers.


specification of distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


positive regulation of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation.


histone H2A K63-linked deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.


infection cushion formation

The process in which an organized mass of hyphae is formed and numerous infective hyphae develop from the hyphae mass.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: nucleoside(out) + Na+(out) = nucleoside(in) + Na+(in).


regulation of T-helper cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.


mitomycin C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitomycin C.


spermine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.


phosphonate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + phosphonate = 2 H+ + NADH + phosphate.


negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.


peptide pheromone receptor activity

Combining with a peptide pheromone, and transmitting the signal across the membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.


limb bud formation

The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable.


O-glycan processing

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form a core O-glycan structure.


protein adenylylation

The addition of an adenylyl group (adenosine 5'-monophosphate; AMP) to a protein amino acid.


regulation of action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


volume-sensitive chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell.


synaptic vesicle priming

A process that converts synaptic vesicles to a state of competence for calcium triggered fusion with the active zone membrane by bringing the two membranes into very close proximity. Priming typically (but not always) occurs after docking (Jahn and Fasshauer, 2012). Primed vesicles are also capable of spontaneously fusing with the active zone membrane.


beta-agarase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-galactosidic linkages in agarose, giving the tetramer as the predominant product.


negative regulation of male gonad development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male gonad development.


imaginal disc fusion

The process following disc eversion whereby imaginal discs fuse with adjacent disc derivatives to form a continuous adult epidermis.


activating MHC class Ib receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class Ib protein complex to mediate signaling that activates a lymphocyte.


cysteine-type carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single C-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


common bile duct development

The progression of the common bile duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The common bile duct is formed from the joining of the common hepatic duct running from the liver, and the cystic duct running from the gallbladder. The common bile duct transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine.


olfactory nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase (geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate = 2 diphosphate + all-trans-hexaprenyl diphosphate.


glycerol channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of glycerol (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


positive regulation of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pulmonary blood vessel remodeling.


establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet.


regulation of G1 to G0 transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition.


L-arabinose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-arabinose from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabinose occurs free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers and in the combined states, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides, etc.


dGTP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.


piRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional piRNA. piRNAs (Piwi-associated RNAs) are a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNAs derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-galacturonate + 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n) = 1,4-alpha-D-galacturonosyl(n+1) + UDP.


signal transduction by p53 class mediator

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An intracellular signaling process that is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53 or an equivalent protein.


glutathione biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.


somatic embryogenesis

Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes.


regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.


inositol phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.


plasma membrane repair

The resealing of a cell plasma membrane after cellular wounding due to, for instance, mechanical stress.


trithionate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + trithionate = H+ + sulfate + thiosulfate.


chimeric sorocarp development

Development of a sorocarp formed by aggregation of cells with different genotypes.


structural constituent of presynapse

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynapse.


acetyl CoA:(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol = CoA + (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate.


base conversion or substitution editing

Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s).


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


response to hypochlorite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hypochlorite stimulus.


molybdate ion binding

Binding to a molybdate ion (MoO4 2-).


plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a plasmacytoid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


protein localization to septin ring

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a septin ring.


regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


positive regulation of pharyngeal pumping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping.


ethanolamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).


hexokinase-independent signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and independent of hexokinase.


GMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


enterochelin esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: enterobactin + 3 H2O = 3 N-23-dihydroxybenzoyl-L-serine + 3 H+.


response to luteinizing hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.


positive regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


negative regulation of cytolysis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetylmuramate + NADP+ = UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-D-glucosamine + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of bone remodeling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.


galactose-6-sulfurylase activity

Catalysis of the elimination of sulfate from the D-galactose 6-sulfate residues of porphyran, producing 3,6-anhydrogalactose residues.


positive regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-lipopolysaccharide.


tetraterpenoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.


L-tryptophan aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tryptophan to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


antimonite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of antimonite from one side of a membrane to the other.


olfactory placode formation

The formation of a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.


phenylacetyl-coenzyme A:glycine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetyl-CoA + glycine <=> H+ + phenylacetylglycine + coenzyme A.


O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) selenium transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Sec) + selenophosphoric acid + H2O => L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) + 2 phosphoric acid.


formaldehyde assimilation via ribulose monophosphate cycle

The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the ribulose monophosphate cycle. Methanotrophic bacteria produce formaldehyde from the oxidation of methane and methanol, and then assimilate it via the ribulose monophosphate cycle to form intermediates of the central metabolic routes that are subsequently used for biosynthesis of cell material. Three molecules of formaldehyde are assimilated, forming a three-carbon intermediate of central metabolism; in this pathway, all cellular carbon is assimilated at the oxidation level of formaldehyde.


sterol binding

Binding to a sterol, a steroid containing a hydroxy group in the 3 position, closely related to cholestan-3-ol.


rRNA acetylation involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA

Any rRNA acetylation that is involved in maturation of SSU-rRNA.


maintenance of dauer

Maintenance of a nematode during the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.


somatic diversification of immunoglobulin genes by N region addition

The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. N regions are found at the V-D and D-J recombinational junctions.


AMP dimethylallyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AMP + dimethylallyl diphosphate = N(6)-(dimethylallyl)adenosine 5'-phosphate + diphosphate.


vacuole fission

The division of a vacuole within a cell to form two or more separate vacuoles.


desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

The process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway after prolonged stimulation with an agonist of the pathway.


negative regulation of cholesterol transporter activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cholesterol transporter activity.


positive regulation of eclosion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.


Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule, such as GDP-galactose or UDP-galactose, to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-1,2-linkage.


maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum

Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum.


Catalysis of the reaction: syringetin(1-) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 7,3',5'-trimethylmyricetin + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


short-term synaptic potentiation

The process by which synaptic transmission, induced by the arrival of a spike (action potential) at a synapse, acts to increase the amount of neurotransmitter released in response to the arrival of subsequent spikes. This effect is seen when a train of closely space spikes arrives at a synapse with a low initial release probability. It occurs in a timeframe of tens to hundreds of milliseconds.


regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


negative regulation of septum digestion after cytokinesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.


branchiomeric skeletal muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish.


G protein-coupled neurotensin receptor activity

Combining with the tridecapeptide neurotensin to initiate a G-protein mediated change in cell activity. A G-protein is a signal transduction molecule that alternates between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound state.


evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell induced by the evoked release of many vesicles of excitatory neurotransmitter at the synapse.


O-butanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a butyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose = L-glutamate + dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-galactose.


The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.


poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) binding

Binding to a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate), a polyester of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


dormancy maintenance of symbiont in host

Any process in which a dormant state is maintained by the symbiont within the host organism.


cellular response to zinc ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


mitochondrial translational initiation

The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.


quinate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-quinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinone = (-)-3-dehydroquinate + pyrroloquinoline-quinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-aldosyl1 beta-D-fructoside + D-aldose2 = D-aldose1 + alpha-D-aldosyl2 beta-D-fructoside.


base-excision repair, gap-filling

Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template.


gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a gibberellin + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a 3-beta-hydroxy-gibberellin + succinate + CO2.


cellular response to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.


auxin efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of auxin, from one side of a membrane to the other, out of a cell.


(-)-borneol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-borneol + NAD+ = (1S,4S)-camphor + H+ + NADH.


site-specific DNA replication termination at RTS1 barrier

A DNA replication termination process that takes place at the RTS1 termination site in the mating type locus, in a specific direction required for subsequent imprinting and mating-type switching.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


axon midline choice point recognition

The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline.


positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.


cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.


cellular response to menadione

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menadione stimulus. Menadione (also called vitamin K3) is a naphthoquinone having a methyl substituent at the 2-position.


mitotic cell cycle G1 arrest in response to pheromone

The cell cycle regulatory process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G1 as a result of a pheromone stimulus. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


osteoclast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.


cytoskeleton-mediated cell swimming

Cell motility in which contractile cytoskeletal elements alter cell shape, resulting in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.


limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin.


regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


regulation of glucose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.


dermatan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B). Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


styrene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid used in the manufacture of polystyrene.


steviol 19-O glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-steviol + UDP + H+.


entry into host

Entry of a symbiont into the body, tissues, or cells of a host organism as part of the symbiont life cycle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


intracellular cobalt ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of cobalt ions within a cell.


programmed necrotic cell death in response to starvation

A programmed necrotic cell death occurring as a result of a starvation stimulus (deprivation of nourishment).


GTP diphosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + GTP = AMP + guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine, also known as histidine betaine or hercynine, a trimethylated derivative of histidine.


response to muramyl dipeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a gibberellin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a gibberellin methyl ester.


3-chloroacrylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chloroacrylic acid, ClHC=CHCOOH, a chlorinated derivative of acrylic acid.


regulation of defense response to oomycetes

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to oomycetes.


peroxisome fission

The division of a mature peroxisome within a cell to form two or more separate peroxisome compartments.


oscillatory muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within oscillatory skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Oscillatory muscle contraction occurs in insect wing muscles and is characterized by asynchrony between action potential and contraction and by stretch activation.


cristae formation

The assembly of cristae, the inwards folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.


spine apparatus assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spine apparatus.


linolenate 9R-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-linolenate + O2 <=> (9R,10E,12Z,15Z)-9-hydroperoxyoctadeca-10,12,15-trienoate.


negative regulation of cellular pH reduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.


ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4 on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


gluconate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of gluconate from one side of a membrane to the other. Gluconate is the aldonic acid derived from glucose.


positive regulation of peptide secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + L-methionine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + a quinone = 2-oxoglutarate + a quinol.


L-arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.


proboscis morphogenesis, labial disc-derived

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the labial disc are generated and organized.


O-sinapoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a sinapoyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.


mucilage biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.


sulfite reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: hydrogen sulfide + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O = sulfite + 3 NADPH + 3 H+.


regulation of JNK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.


positive regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway.


ornithine catabolic process via proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, via the intermediate proline.


determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm

The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.


cellular response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.


antennal joint development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antennal joint over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antennal joint is the joint between antennal segments.


platelet rolling

Transient adhesive interactions between platelets and endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Carbohydrates on circulating platelets bind selectins or other molecules on the vessel wall causing the platelets to slow down and roll along the inner surface of the vessel wall. During this rolling motion, transitory bonds are formed and broken between surface molecules of platelets and endothelium.


polyamine deacetylation

The modification of acetylpolyamine by the removal of acetyl groups.


2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2-oxoaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = a 2-oxo acid + NADH + H+.


nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


positive regulation of thermomorphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of thermomorphogenesis.


regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell.


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway.


macrophage colony-stimulating factor production

The appearance of macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid involved in systemic acquired resistance.


cerebellar molecular layer formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


response to host redox environment

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of the symbiont organism or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the redox environment in host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


epithelial cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an epithelial cell.


circadian rhythm

Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


stress-induced homeostatically regulated protein degradation pathway

A stress-inducible protein catabolic pathway that promotes protein quality control by accelerating the degradation of misfolded ER membrane and cytosolic proteins, as well as native proteins. The pathway starts with the activation, by stress, of the Nma111p/Ynm3p serine protease, which cleaves the stress-induced hydrophilin Roq1p, resulting in the generation of a Roq1p cleavage product that selectively interacts with Ubr1p, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Interaction with the Ubr1p type-1 substrate binding site reprograms the substrate specificity of this ubiquitin ligase resulting in the selective proteasome-mediated degradation of misfolded and native proteins. The pathway ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Currently, NMA111, ROQ1, UBR1, RAD6, and CDC48 are considered to be involved in this quality control pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


external encapsulating structure organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell.


myosin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a filament composed of myosin molecules.


regulation of renal albumin absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption.


positive regulation of gluconate transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ABC-type peptide transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + peptide(in) = ADP + phosphate + peptide(out). Peptides exported include alpha-hemolysin, cyclolysin, colicin V and siderophores from Gram-negative bacteria, and bacteriocin, subtilin, competence factor and pediocin from Gram-positive bacteria.


growth plate cartilage axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the columnar cartilage along the axis of a long bone that contributes to bone growth.


inositol phosphoceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphoceramides, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group.


negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: sphingosine + UDP-D-galactose = H+ + psychosine + UDP.


vagus nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + dihydrozeatin <=> H+ + dihydrozeatin-7-N-glucose + UDP.


muscle hypertrophy

The muscle system process that results in enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of a muscle organ due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development (it stops in cardiac muscle after adolescence) and can also be brought on in response to demand. In athletes cardiac and skeletal muscles undergo hypertrophy stimulated by increasing muscle activity on exercise. Smooth muscle cells in the uterus undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.


maintenance of protein location in cell

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


response to interleukin-1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.


squalene monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + squalene = (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene + H2O + NADP+.


regulation of erythrophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.


regulation of angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the angiotensin-activated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.


Nebenkern assembly

Fusion of mitochondria during insect spermatid differentiation to form two masses, which wrap around each other to form a densely packed sphere called the Nebenkern.


dopamine binding

Binding to dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter formed by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine.


histone acetylation

The modification of a histone by the addition of an acetyl group.


acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetyl-CoA + H2O = acetoacetate + CoA + H+.


positive regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.


box C/D RNA binding

Binding to a box C/D small nucleolar RNA.


TMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.


cilium organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.


lipoteichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of platelet aggregation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.


hydantoin racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-5-monosubstituted hydantoin = L-5-monosubstituted hydantoin.


sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.


regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation.


galactosylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in fused antrum stage

The ovulation cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the fused antrum stage of oogenesis.


regulation of eye pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.


telomeric repeat-containing RNA transcription

The synthesis of telomeric repeat-containing RNA from a DNA template. A telomere is a complex of DNA and proteins that seals the end of a chromosome.


micturition

The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body.


copper ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of copper (Cu) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


heart trabecula morphogenesis

The process of shaping a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.


regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of the imaginal disc.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


alkaloid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).


negative regulation of salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.


TDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.


[methionine synthase] reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [methionine synthase]-cob(II)alamin + NADPH + H+ + S-adenosyl methionine = [methionine synthase]-methylcob(I)alamin + S-adenosylhomocysteine + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = CoA + a 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.


symporter activity

Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported together in the same direction in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


positive regulation of histamine uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


immune response involved in response to exogenous dsRNA

Any immune response that is involved in response to exogenous dsRNA.


molybdenum ion binding

Binding to a molybdenum ion (Mo).


positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate group of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate units of heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate.


induction of programmed cell death by ecdysone

Any process induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.


cytokine precursor processing

The cleavage of a peptide bond in a precursor form of a cytokine, resulting in the mature (active) form of the cytokine.


vocal learning

A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate sounds produced by others.


17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = a 17-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.


response to estradiol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.


maintenance of protein location in T cell secretory granule

A process in which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


specification of mesonephric tubule identity

The process in which the tubules of the mesonephros acquire their identity.


Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


peripheral tolerance induction to self antigen

Tolerance induction to self antigens in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.


flavone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a flavanone + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = a flavone + succinate + CO2 + H2O.


cellular response to interleukin-18

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-18 stimulus.


inositol phosphorylceramide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-1-phosphatidyl-inositol + a dihydroceramide = an inositol phosphodihydroceramide + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.


apoptotic process

A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3(6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl,1,6(3))-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3(6)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6(3))-beta-D-mannosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-R. Only branched mannose glycopeptides with non-reducing N-acetylglucosamine terminal residues act as acceptors.


catechol oxidase (dimerizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 catechol + 3 O2 = 2 dibenzo[1,4]dioxin-2,3-dione + 6 H2O.


metanephric nephron epithelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros.


regulation of age-related resistance

Any process that modulates the extent of age-related resistance.


positive regulation of cellular response to oxidopamine

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidopamine.


antibacterial peptide production

The synthesis or release of an antibacterial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.


cell part morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell part are generated and organized.


ATP deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ITP + NH3.


regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


positive regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

A process, occurring in the vascular tissue, whereby actin/myosin complex activity generates force through ATP hydrolysis resulting in a change in smooth muscle geometry. This process is always coupled to chemo-mechanical energy conversion.


beta-lactamase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a beta-lactam + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid.


regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.


verruculogen metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving verruculogen.


cardiac muscle myosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in cardiac muscle.


negative regulation of fibroblast migration

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.


histone H3 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 = CoA + acetyl-histone H3.


sulfide oxidation, using sulfide dehydrogenase

A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide dehydrogenase.


parathion catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.


regulation of myotube differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


mitochondrial polycistronic RNA processing

The conversion of polycistronic RNA transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into mono- or bi-cistronic RNAs.


4-hydroxyindole-3- carbonyl nitrile biosynthesis

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyindole-3- carbonyl nitrile (4-OH-ICN), a cyanogenic glucoside.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


secondary leaflet morphogenesis

The process in which the secondary leaflet attains its shape. A secondary leaflet develops by branching or division of a primary leaflet.


keratan sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + keratan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + keratan 6'-sulfate.


regulation of torso signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the torso signaling pathway.


cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the formation of a blood vessel network.


positive regulation of posterior neural plate formation by Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and increasing the rate or extent of posterior neural plate formation.


organic acid:sodium symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: organic acid(out) + Na+(out) = organic acid(in) + Na+(in).


carbon phosphorus lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alkylphosphonic acid = R-CH3 + phosphate. Substrates include aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (forms methylamine), dimethylphosphinic acid (forms methylphosphonic acid), glyphosate (forms sarcosine) and methylphosphonic acid (forms phosphate).


diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


gibberellin A4 carboxyl methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A4 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gibberellin A4 methyl ester + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


maintenance of ER location

Any process in which the endoplasmic reticulum is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.


macrophage activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


positive regulation of laminaritriose transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.


prostate gland stromal morphogenesis

The process in which the prostate gland stroma is generated and organized. The prostate gland stroma is made up of the mesenchymal or fibroblast cells of the prostate gland.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the extent of cell adhesion contributing to the shaping of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + 2 H+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NH4.


detection of wounding

The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the AIM2 inflammasome complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + stigmasterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-stigmasterol.


dorsal appendage formation

Establishment of the dorsal filaments, elaborate specializations of the chorion that protrude from the anterior end of the egg and facilitate embryonic respiration.


dihydroceramide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a dihydroceramide = ADP + H+ + a dihydroceramide 1-phosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


limonoid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + limonin = glucosyl-limonin + UDP.


sphingolipid transfer activity

Removes a sphingolipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


ACC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an ACC codon.


response to paracetamol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paracetamol stimulus.


Wnt-activated signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to aneuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


maleate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: maleate = fumarate.


intracellular nucleoside homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nucleosides within a cell.


regulation of organ growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


optomotor response

Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish.


establishment of localization in cell

Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.


intestine smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the intestine. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The intestine is the section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine.


T-helper 1 cell diapedesis

The passage of a T-helper 1 cell between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation. A T-helper 1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.


Catalysis of the reaction: protein-lysine + protein-lysine = protein N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine + protein. This reaction is the addition of lysine group from one protein to a lysine residue in a second protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine.


negative regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule.


UUU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a UUU codon.


arylsulfate sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aryl sulfate + a phenol = a phenol + an aryl sulfate.


maturation of 5S rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule.


purine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


intracellular chloride channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of chloride across the membrane of an intracellular compartment. Transport by a channel involves catalysis of facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.


pilomotor reflex

The reflex process in which the arrectores pilorum (hair follicle) muscles contract and cause the hair to stand erect.


smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body.


cell-cell fusion

A cellular process in which two or more cells combine together, their plasma membrane fusing, producing a single cell. In some cases, nuclei fuse, producing a polyploid cell, while in other cases, nuclei remain separate, producing a syncytium.


bacteriocin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.


peptide cross-linking via 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid

The cross-linking of a cysteine residue to a glutamic acid residue to form 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid.


emodin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving emodin.


aminoglycoside antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.


sterol 24-C-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 5-alpha-cholest-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 24-methylene-5-alpha-cholest-8-en-3-beta-ol.


regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.


cellular response to light stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.


G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity

Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


pre-B cell receptor expression

The process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells, starting with the recombination of an immunuglobulin heavy chain locus, including expression of the surrogate light chain, the association of the surrogate light chain with the heavy chain, and expression of the complete pre-B cell receptor on the cell surface. pre-B cell receptor expression is a key checkpoint in the transition of pro-B cell to pre-B cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-sandaracopimaradien-3-beta-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 <=> oryzalexin D + NADP + H2O.


positive regulation of dauer entry

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dauer entry.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to an acceptor molecule; dependent on the presence of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.


dicarboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


regulation of Hulle cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.


placenta development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.


extracellular microvesicle biogenesis

The assembly and secretion of a set of components to form an extracellular microvesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that ranges in size 100 nm to 1 micron in size) and exits the cell by budding.


arylformamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = formate + L-kynurenine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + taxiphyllin + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide.


somatic diversification of immune receptors via alternate splicing

The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through alternate splicing.


cAMP-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via cyclic AMP (cAMP). Includes production of cAMP, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 bilirubin-glucuronoside = bilirubin + bilirubin-bisglucuronoside.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activity

Combining with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine + NAD+ = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + NADH + H+.


sensory perception of humidity

The series of events required for an organism to detect some level of humidity in its environment, convert this detection into a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.


guanylate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP = 3',5'-cyclic GMP + diphosphate.


floral organ formation

The process that gives rise to floral organs. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


response to tetracycline

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tetracycline stimulus.


post-embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.


riboflavin reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NAD(P)+ = riboflavin + NAD(P)H + 2 H+. This reaction can utilize NADH and NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate = N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline + H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ = 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone + 4 coenzyme A + 3 carbon dioxide.


amino sugar biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.


tyrosinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine + O2 = L-DOPAquinone + H2O. This reaction can use both monophenols (such as tyrosine) and catechols (o-diphenols) as substrates.


cellular response to lipid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.


smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.


low-affinity IgM receptor activity

Combining with low affinity with an immunoglobulin of an IgM isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


glutathione S-conjugate carboxypeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a glutathione-toxin conjugate <=> glycine + a [Glu-Cys]-S-conjugate.


regulation of Ran protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.


pole plasm assembly

Establishment of the specialized cytoplasm found at the poles of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


secretory granule localization

Any process in which a secretory granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


6-methylthiopropyl glucosinolate S-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-methylthiopropyl-glucosinolate = 6-methylsulfinylpropyl-glucosinolate.


neural crest-derived cardiac glial cell fate commitment

The commitment of neural crest cells to cardiac glial cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac glial cells.


spinal cord association neuron specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an association neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


ulvan lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in ulvan, a carbohydrate composed of a repeating structure of [->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1,4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1->4)-alpha-L-IdoA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rha 3S-(1-]n. Continued digest of ulvan with an enzyme that can catalyze this reaction results in ulvanobiouronic acid A 3-sulfate [->4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1->4)-alpha-L-Rhap 3-sulfate-(1-]n with 4-deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosiduronic acid at the non-reducing end.


sinoatrial node development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sinoatrial (SA) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The SA node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node.


uroporphyrinogen III biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uroporphyrinogen III.


cerebellum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


negative regulation of smooth muscle hypertrophy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.


tRNA 5'-leader removal

Generation of the mature 5'-end of the tRNA, usually via an endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase P.


negative regulation of sclerotium development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sclerotium development.


cellular response to trichodermin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trichodermin stimulus.


larynx development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a larynx from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the larynx and ends with the mature structure. A larynx is a continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.


neuroblast division in dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence

The division of neuroblasts in the dorsal region of the lateral ganglionic eminence. These cells give rise to embryonic interneuron precursors that will migrate tangentially to the olfactory bulb.


regulation of serotonin uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin into a cell.


gamma-delta T cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


mesonephric renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mesonephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-keto-nona-2,4-dienedioate.


RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat modifying activity

A catalytic activity that acts on the RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (consensus YSPTSPS). Reversible modifications cof the RNA polymerase II CTD repeats contribute to regulation of RNA polymerase activity.


response to zinc ion starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of zinc ion.


peptidyl-threonine sulfation

The sulfation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-sulfo-L-threonine.


general adaptation syndrome

General adaptation syndrome is the set of changes in various organ systems of the body, especially the pituitary-endocrine system, in response to a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological. It is described as having three stages: alarm reaction, where the body detects the external stimulus; adaptation, where the body engages defensive countermeasures against the stressor; and exhaustion, where the body begins to run out of defenses.


adrenal gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells.


3-HSA hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.


effector-mediated induction of cell cycle reactivation in host

A symbiont process in which a molecule secreted by the symbiont reactivates the host cell cycle, resulting in DNA synthesis and host cell division, and contributing to vegetative tumor formation.


tectobulbar tract morphogenesis

Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the optic tectum towards target cells in the premotor reticulospinal system in the hindbrain.


cholate 12-alpha dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NADP+ = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADPH.


Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3', 4' and 5' positions.


BAT3 complex binding

Binding to a BAT3 complex.


lipoprotein biosynthetic process via diacylglyceryl transfer

The chemical reactions and pathways by which diacylglyceryl transfer leads to formation of a water-soluble protein-lipid complex.


mesenchymal cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


detection of ethylene stimulus

The series of events in which an ethylene (ethene) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


ciliary vesicle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary vesicle. Multiple smaller vesicles dock to the transitional fibers on a mature basal body and then fuse together to form a larger single vesicle. This then fuses with the plasma membrane and forms the ciliary membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + CTP = CDP-ribitol + diphosphate.


peptide cross-linking via glycine thiazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


octopamine dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol = (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH4.


negative regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.


synaptic signaling

Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse.


galactose oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose + O2 = D-galacto-hexodialdose + hydrogen peroxide.


Catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.


The process where translation initiation recruits the 40S ribosomal subunits in a Cap and 5' end independent fashion before an AUG codon is encountered in an appropriate sequence context to initiate mRNA or circRNA translation.


long-day photoperiodism, flowering

A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that exceeds the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.


membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential

The process in which SA node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + prephytoene diphosphate.


cellular response to phylloquinone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.


alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


mRNA 3'-splice site recognition

Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome.


glycerol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NADP+ = glycerone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methylnaphthalene + NADH + O2 + H+ = 2-hydroxymethylnaphthalene + NAD+ + H2O.


muscle adaptation

A process in which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


S-triazine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-halo or 1-pseudohalo-S-triazine = 1-hydroxy-S-triazine.


regulation of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoarabinoxylan catabolic process.


resolution phase response

An active host response phase of acute inflammation driven by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and signaling pathways, enabling timely tissue regeneration and return of function.


regulation of hormone levels

Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by stress relaxation

The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from stress relaxation that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Stress relaxation is the adaptation of vessels to a new size as a result of changes in pressure in storage areas such as veins, the liver, the spleen, and the lungs.


radial pattern formation

The regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur.


positive regulation of heart rate involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


response to extracellular stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.


effector-mediated modulation of host process by symbiont

A process mediated by a molecule secreted by a symbiont that results in the modulation (either activation or suppression) of a host structure or process. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-nitrocatechol + O2 + 4 e- + 3 H+ = H2O + nitrite + 1,2,4-benzenetriol.


norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that results in an increase in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to blood pressure change.


regulation of lipid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.


cell proliferation in forebrain

The creation of greater cell numbers in the forebrain due to cell division of progenitor cells.


G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor activity

Combining with a chemorepellent and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, flavin as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a flavin.


N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-7-O(or 9-O)-acetylneuraminate + CoA.


3'-O-methyltricetin O methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-O-methyltricetin = H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin.


cellular response to catechin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a catechin stimulus.


positive regulation of optic nerve formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of optic nerve formation.


amino acid ligation activity by nonribosomal peptide synthase

Catalysis of the ligation of an amino acid to another amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate, carried out by a nonribosomal peptide synthase.


regulation of nuclease activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.


regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.


histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formate.


protein O-linked glycosylation via hydroxylysine

The glycosylation of protein via the O5 atom of peptidyl-hydroxylysine, forming O5-glycosyl-L-hydroxylysine; the most common form is galactosyl hydroxylysine.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.


multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a multi-ciliated epithelial cell.


renal vesicle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the renal vesicle from condensed mesenchymal cells. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells.


sympathetic neuron projection guidance

The process in which the migration of a sympathetic neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


UDP-D-apiose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-apiose, uridinediphosphoapiose, a substance composed of apiose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


benzoate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + benzoate + CoA = AMP + benzoyl-CoA + diphosphate.


norepinephrine-epinephrine catabolic process in blood stream

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine or epinephrine in the bloodstream.


cinnamate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenylpropanoate + NAD+ = (E)-cinnamate + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.


molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


modification-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein.


transcription open complex formation at RNA polymerase II promoter

Any process involved in the melting of the DNA hybrid of the core promoter region within the transcriptional closed complex of an RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) to produce an open complex where the DNA duplex around the transcription initiation site is unwound to form the transcription bubble.


glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


cerebellar basket cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar basket cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar basket cell fate. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


glycosylceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = a sugar + N-acylsphingosine.


uracil dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uracil + acceptor = barbiturate + reduced acceptor.


cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels and contributes to the process of cardiac conduction.


keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, an acidic sugar present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.


paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a paraxial mesoderm cell.


negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


saponin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) group is a terpene or steroid and the sugar group is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.


abscisic acid glucose ester beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: abscisic acid glucose ester + H2O = abscisic acid + beta-D-glucose.


positive regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.


oviduct morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structures of the oviduct are generated and organized. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism.


alanopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2'-iminodipropanoate + H2O + NAD+ = L-alanine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate.