regulation of branching involved in mammary cord morphogenesis by fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching of the mammary gland cord as a result of a signal being created by a mammary fat precursor cell and its subsequent reception and interpretation by a mammary cord epithelial cell.


lateral root development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.


post-embryonic root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the post-embryonic root over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


detection of phosphate ion

The series of events in which a phosphate ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


endothelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


endocardial endothelium development

The progression of the endocardial endothelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


PML body

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.


galactarate dehydratase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: galactarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.


protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

The process of protecting a cell from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.


negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity.


Bolwig's organ development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Bolwig's organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.


morphine receptor activity

Combining with morphine (17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxymorphinan-3,6alpha-diol), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


pyrrolysine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolysine, N6-{[(2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl}-L-lysine.


interleukin-31 production

The appearance of interleukin-31 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.


negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.


positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I.


positive regulation of male pigmentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.


triglyceride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.


triglyceride biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


triglyceride catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


triglyceride mobilization

The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism.


triglyceride acyl-chain remodeling

Remodeling the acyl chains of triacylglycerol, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate triacylglycerol containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + 2 NADPH + 2 O2 + 2 H+ <=> (E)-phenylacetaldehyde oxime + 2 NADP + 3 H2O + carbon dioxide.


RNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


RNA exonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.


exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 3'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 3' phosphomonoesters.


exonuclease activity, active with either ribo- or deoxyribonucleic acids and producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


DNA 5'-adenosine monophosphate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'-AMP-DNA + H2O = AMP + DNA; nucleophilic release of a covalently linked adenylate residue from a DNA strand, leaving a 5' phosphate terminus.


exoribonuclease II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction.


ribonuclease D activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage that removes extra residues from the 3'-terminus of tRNA to produce 5'-mononucleotides.


poly(U)-specific exoribonuclease activity, producing 3' uridine cyclic phosphate ends

Catalysis of 3' exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U), to form poly(U)-N containing a 3' uridine cyclic phosphate (U>P).


single-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.


5'-3' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a DNA molecule.


double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' or 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.


5'-3' RNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of an RNA molecule.


exodeoxyribonuclease V activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides.


3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity involved in mature miRNA 3'-end processing

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule that contributes to forming distinct miRNA isoforms from a mature miRNA.


3'-5'-DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a DNA molecule.


poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to 5'-AMP.


5'-3' exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 5' end.


DNA exonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.


double-stranded DNA 5'-3' exodeoxyribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 5' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


D-tyrosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-tyrosine.


D-tyrosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-tyrosine.


cobalamin binding

Binding to cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.


promoter-enhancer loop anchoring activity

Bridging together two cis-regulatory elements, colloquially referred to as promoters and/or enhancers, holding two loop anchors together to maintain a chromatin loop.


epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


sinoatrial valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the sinoatrial valve is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine desaturase activity (SN2-18:3 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:1-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac neural crest cell that will migrate to the heart and contribute to its development. Cardiac neural crest cells are specialized cells that migrate toward the heart from the third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches.


cytoplasmic side of late endosome membrane

The side (leaflet) of the late endosome membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


tetracenomycin B3 8-O-methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetracenomycin B3 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> tetracenomycin E + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts an adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cornified envelope

A type of plasma membrane that has been modified through addition of distinct intracellular and extracellular components, including ceramide, found in cornifying epithelial cells (corneocytes).


apical plasma membrane urothelial plaque

A scallop-shaped plaque, also referred to as an asymmetric unit membrane (AUM), found in the apical plasma membrane of urothelial superficial (umbrella) cells which form a a barrier to the passage of water and soluble toxic compounds found in urine. The plaques are thickened regions of membrane composed of uroplakin transmembrane proteins which form a crystalline array.


sperm plasma membrane

A plasma membrane that is part of a sperm cell.


sarcolemma

The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.


positive regulation of molecular function

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.


positive regulation of ferrous iron binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.


activation of phospholipase C activity

The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.


positive regulation of RNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.


positive regulation of glucosylceramidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucosylceramidase activity.


positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity.


positive regulation of collagen binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.


positive regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


positive regulation of arginase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an iron transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.


positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.


positive regulation of binding

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


positive regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


activation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase.


positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 in a second organism.


negative regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


positive regulation of DNA binding

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


positive regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase, typically by lowering its sensitivity to inhibition by glutathione and by increasing its affinity for glutamate.


positive regulation of creatine transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of creatine transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity.


positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.


positive regulation of pyruvate kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate kinase activity.


positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.


positive regulation of recombination hotspot binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination hotspot binding.


positive regulation of transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter.


positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor.


positive regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


positive regulation of mRNA cap binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.


positive regulation of prostaglandin-E synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prostaglandin-E synthase activity.


positive regulation of choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of choline O-acetyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of ATP citrate synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP citrate synthase activity.


positive regulation of water channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of water channel activity.


positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.


positive regulation of triglyceride lipase activity

Any process that increases the activity of triglyceride lipase.


positive regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


positive regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


positive regulation of deacetylase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.


positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of mRNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.


positive regulation of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of beta-galactosidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.


positive regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.


positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in another organism.


positive regulation of polysome binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


positive regulation of catalase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of catalase activity.


positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activity.


positive regulation of lyase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.


positive regulation of molecular function in another organism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a G protein-coupled receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of chromatin binding

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.


positive regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


positive regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of AMPA receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.


positive regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


positive regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


positive regulation of urease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of urease activity.


positive regulation of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of cyclase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cyclase.


positive regulation of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate.


positive regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


positive regulation of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands.


positive regulation of helicase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a helicase.


positive regulation of water channel activity involved in maintenance of lens transparency

Any positive regulation of water channel activity that is involved in maintenance of lens transparency.


positive regulation of monooxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a monooxygenase.


positive regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.


positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity.


positive regulation of GABA-A receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABA-A receptor activity.


positive regulation of threonine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of threonine-tRNA ligase activity.


receptor transactivation

The process in which a receptor is activated by another receptor. Receptor transactivation can occur through different mechanisms and includes cross-talk between signaling pathways where one receptor activates a receptor for a different ligand, and also activation of subunits within a receptor oligomer.


positive regulation of lipid transporter activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lipid transporter activity.


positive regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of phospholipase C activity

Any process that increases the rate of phospholipase C activity.


positive regulation of GTP binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.


positive regulation of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism.


positive regulation of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isoleucine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of signaling receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity.


positive regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


positive regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


positive regulation of GTPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.


positive regulation of CoA-transferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.


positive regulation of phospholipase activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.


positive regulation of aconitate hydratase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.


positive regulation of ATP-dependent activity

Any process that activates or increases the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


positive regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.


positive regulation of lysozyme activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysozyme activity.


positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme monophenol oxygenase.


positive regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.


positive regulation of isomerase activity

Any process that increases the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.


positive regulation of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity.


positive regulation of triplex DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.


positive regulation of L-dopa decarboxylase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa decarboxylase activity.


positive regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated chloride channel activity.


positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


activation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that initiates the activity of inactive phospholipase D.


positive regulation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity.


positive regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


positive regulation of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of polynucleotide adenylyltransferase activity.


positive regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.


positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter.


positive regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.


positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.


positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.


positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.


positive regulation of transferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.


positive regulation of ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.


positive regulation of cation channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.


positive regulation of phospholipase D activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase D activity.


positive regulation of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity.


positive regulation of anion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.


positive regulation of methionine-tRNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of methionine-tRNA ligase activity.


positive regulation of lipase activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of acid-sensing ion channel activity.


positive regulation of receptor activity in another organism

A process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


positive regulation of light-activated channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.


positive regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.


positive regulation of heparan sulfate binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.


positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.


positive regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.


activation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme phospholipase A2.


positive regulation of lipid binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.


positive regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity.


positive regulation of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular calcium activated chloride channel activity.


positive regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


positive regulation of RNA binding transcription factor activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding transcription factor activity.


positive regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


positive regulation of euchromatin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.


positive regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


positive regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cystathionine beta-synthase activity.


positive regulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity.


positive regulation of calcium-dependent ATPase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent ATPase activity.


positive regulation of telomeric DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.


positive regulation of hydrolase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.


negative regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


positive regulation of dUTP diphosphatase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dUTP diphosphatase activity.


histone H3-K9 acetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + N-terminal L-alanyl-peptide = CoA + H+ + N-terminal N-alpha-acetyl-L-alanyl-peptide.


cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway

A negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


positive regulation of spinal cord association neuron differentiation by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any canonical Wnt signaling pathway process that positively_regulates spinal cord association neuron differentiation.


snRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule.


adrenal cortex development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The adrenal cortex is located at the periphery of the adrenal gland and controls glucose and electrolyte metabolism, response to stress and sexual development through the production of different classes of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens).


D-arabinonolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-arabinonate + H+.


pheophorbidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophorbide a + H2O = pyropheophorbide a + methanol + CO2. The reaction occurs in two steps; pheophoridase catalyzes the conversion of pheophorbide a to a precursor of pyropheophorbide a, C-13(2)-carboxylpyropheophorbide a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated non-enzymatically to yield pyropheophorbide a.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylserine + H2O = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + fatty acid.


mycophenolic acid acyl-glucuronide esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mycophenolic acid O-acyl-glucuronide(1-) + H2O <=> mycophenolate + H+ + D-glucopyranuronate.


all-trans-retinyl-ester hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl ester = 11-cis-retinol + fatty acid.


Gly-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Gly-tRNA(Ala).


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-acyl ethyl ester + H2O = a long-chain carboxylic acid + ethanol.


acetylajmaline esterase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: 17-O-acetylajmaline + H2O = ajmaline + acetate, and 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + H2O = norajmaline + acetate.


pectinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + n H2O = n methanol + pectate.


tropinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: atropine + H2O = H+ + tropate + tropine.


acetylxylan esterase activity

Catalysis of the deacetylation of xylans and xylo-oligosaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.


fusarinine-C ornithinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N5-acyl-L-ornithine ester + H2O = N5-acyl-L-ornithine + an alcohol.


steroid-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + testololactone = H+ + testolate.


calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction requires Ca2+.


aclacinomycin A methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin A + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-aclacinomycin A + methanol + H+.


acylcarnitine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-acylcarnitine + H2O = a fatty acid + L-carnitine.


triacetate-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + triacetate lactone = triacetate.


phosphatidylinositol deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + H2O = 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-myo-inositol + a carboxylate + H+.


L-ascorbate 6-phosphate lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ascorbate 6-phosphate + H2O = 3-keto-L-gulonate 6-phosphate.


acylglycerol lipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + acylglycerol = a fatty acid + glycerol.


juvenile-hormone esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + H2O = (2E,6E)-(10R,11S)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyltrideca-2,6-dienoate + methanol. A carboxylesterase that hydrolyzes the ester linkage of juvenile hormone.


endosulfan lactone lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: endosulfan lactone + H2O = endosulfan hydroxycarboxylate + H+.


Catalysis of the removal of acetylesters (as acetate) from galacturonic acid residues in the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + acetate + H+.


Ala-tRNA(Thr) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated ala-tRNA(thr).


Catalysis of the reaction: chitooligosaccharide with N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminal + H2O = chitooligosaccharide with glucosamine at nonreducing terminal + acetate. This reaction is the deacetylation of a chitooligosaccharide at the nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residue; chitooligosaccharide are composed of (1->4)-linked D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in varying proportions.


1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,4-lactone = a 4-hydroxyacid.


Catalysis of the reaction: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate + H2O = 2-ethylhexan-1-ol + 2-ethylhexyl phthalate + H+.


orsellinate-depside hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + orsellinate depside = 2 o-orsellinate + H+.


feruloyl esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-polysaccharide + H2O = ferulate + polysaccharide.


acetylcholinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetylcholine + H2O = choline + acetate.


cephalosporin-C deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cephalosporin C + H2O = acetate + deacetylcephalosporin C + H+.


primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite = H+ + methanol + O13(4)-desmethyl pFCC.


alpha-amino-acid esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-amino acid ester + H2O = an alpha-amino acid + an alcohol.


6-acetylglucose deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-acetyl-D-glucose + H2O = D-glucose + acetate + H+.


tannase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: digallate + H2O = 2 gallate + H+.


cetraxate benzylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl cetraxate + H2O = benzyl alcohol + cetraxate + H+.


Ala-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ala-tRNA(Pro).


palmitoleyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoleyl moiety, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1), from some substrate.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy]butanoate + H2O = 2 (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + H+.


retinyl-palmitate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: retinyl palmitate + H2O = retinol + palmitate + H+.


lactonohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of lactone rings (intramolecular cyclic esters) to produce a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.


methyl indole-3-acetate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl indole-3-acetate + H2O = indole-3-acetate + methanol + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane + H2O = 6-hydroxyhexanoate.


arylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate.


Ser(Gly)-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala).


dihydrocoumarin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydrocoumarin + H2O = 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n) = poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](x) + poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate](n-x); x is 1-5.


L-seryl-tRNA(Thr) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Thr).


all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, 11-cis retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + all-trans-retinyl palmitate = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


1-16:0-2-18:2-phosphatidylcholine sn-1 acylhydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine + H2O <=> 1-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H+.


vinylacetate caboxylester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: but-3-enoate + H2O <=> allyl alcohol + formate.


deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxylimonoate + H2O = deoxylimononate D-ring-lactone + H+.


wax-ester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a wax ester + H2O = a long-chain alcohol + a long-chain carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-3-(5-oxofuran-2-ylidene)propanoate + H2O <=> 3-maleylpyruvate + H+.


phorbol-diester hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + phorbol 12,13-dibutanoate = butanoate + H+ + phorbol 13-butanoate.


4-sulfomuconolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5-oxo-2-sulfonato-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate + H2O <=> maleylacetate + sulfite + 2 H+.


sterol esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steryl ester + H2O = a sterol + a fatty acid.


5-valerolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-valerolactone + H2O = 5-hydroxyvalerate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate + H2O = 4-methylumbelliferone + acetate + H+.


prenylcysteine methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine methyl ester + H2O = protein C-terminal S-farnesyl-L-cysteine + methanol + H+.


butyrolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butyrolactone + H2O = 4-hydroxybutanoate.


L-rhamnono-1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-rhamnonate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-2-lysophosphatidylserine + H2O = sn-glycerol-phosphoserine + a carboxylate.


pheophytinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin + H2O = phytol + pheophorbide.


diphthine methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphthine methyl ester + H2O = diphthine + H+ + methanol.


gluconolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = D-gluconate.


D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) = D-tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr). Hydrolysis of the removal of D-tyrosine from tyrosine residues in charged tRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,3-diglyceride = a monoglyceride + a fatty acid.


protein C-terminal methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate.


short-chain carboxylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a carboxylic ester + H2O = an alcohol + a carboxylic anion, where the carboxylic chain has 8 or fewer carbon atoms.


Cys-tRNA(Pro) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Cys-tRNA(Pro).


methyl jasmonate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a methyl jasmonate + H2O = a jasmonic acid + methanol.


phospholipase A1 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate.


4-methyloxaloacetate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxy-2,4-dioxobutanoate + H2O = H+ + methanol + oxaloacetate.


protein methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: [X]-4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid + H2O = [X]-OH + methyl-D-glucuronic acid. This reaction is the hydrolysis of the ester linkage between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) and an alcohol (-OH) group attached to a molecule, denoted here as [X].


Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinyl palmitate + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


pheophytinase b activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pheophytin b + H2O <=> H+ + pheophorbide b + phytol.


sulfolactone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfolactone + OH- = HSO3(-) + maleylacetate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(4-hydroxy-but-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, all-trans-retinol forming activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinyl palmitate + H2O = all-trans-retinol + H+ + palmitate.


acetylsalicylate deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetylsalicylate + H2O = acetate + H+ + salicylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + an N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone <=> H+ + an N-acyl-L-homoserine.


trans-permethrin hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-trans-permethrin + H2O <=> H+ + (3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol + (1S,3R)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate.


triglyceride lipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + polyneuridine aldehyde = 16-epivellosimine + CO2 + methanol.


D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-leucyl-tRNA(Leu) = D-leucine + tRNA(Leu). Hydrolysis of the removal of D-leucine from residues in charged tRNA(Leu).


L-arabinonolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H2O = L-arabinonate + H+.


3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone + H2O = 3-oxoadipate.


heparan sulfate N-deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + [heparan sulfate]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = acetate + H+ + [heparan sulfate]-alpha-D-glucosamine.


limonin-D-ring-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: limonoate D-ring-lactone + H2O = limonoate.


chlorogenate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorogenate + H2O = (-)-quinate + cis-caffeate + H+.


uronolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucurono-6,2-lactone + H2O = D-glucuronate.


brefeldin A esterase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of brefeldin A to produce brefeldin A acid. Brefeldin A is also known as gamma,4-dihydroxy-2-(6-hydroxy-1-heptenyl)-4-cyclopentanecrotonic acid lambda-lactone.


6-phosphogluconolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate + H+.


galactolipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 H2O = 3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + 2 carboxylates.


actinomycin lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: actinomycin + H2O = actinomycinic monolactone.


methyl salicylate esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: methyl salicylate + H2O = salicylic acid + methanol + H+.


calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate. This reaction does not require Ca2+.


4-pyridoxolactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-pyridoxolactone + H2O = 4-pyridoxate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + H2O = 5-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene + acetate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: epsilon-rhodomycinone + H2O <=> 15-demethoxy-epsilon-rhodomycinone + methanol + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a monoglyceride + a fatty acid.


pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester + H2O = pimelyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + methanol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + H2O <=> sn-1-lyso-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + oleate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamate O(5)-methyl ester + H2O = protein L-glutamate + methanol.


hormone-sensitive lipase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: diacylglycerol + H2O = monoacylglycerol + a carboxylate; triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate; and monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a carboxylate.


acyloxyacyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(acyloxy)acyl group of bacterial toxin = 3-hydroxyacyl group of bacterial toxin + a fatty acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminoglycan = acetate + D-galactosaminoglycan.


acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acetic ester + H2O = an alcohol + acetate.


lipoprotein lipase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: triacylglycerol + H2O = diacylglycerol + a carboxylate, where the triacylglycerol is part of a lipoprotein.


xylono-1,4-lactonase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylono-1,4-lactone + H2O = D-xylonate.


pectin acetylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + H2O = pectate + acetate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of acetyl esters of pectin, producing pectate, partially esterified pectin.


carboxymethylenebutenolidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide + H2O = 4 oxohex-2-enedioate.


sinapine esterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-sinapoylcholine + H2O = choline + H+ + sinapate.


D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-aminoacyl-tRNA = D-amino acid + tRNA. Hydrolysis of the removal of D-amino acids from residues in charged tRNA.


cutinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cutin + H2O = cutin monomers.


aclacinomycin T methylesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aclacinomycin T(1+) + H2O <=> 15-demethylaclacinomycin T + methanol + H+.


Ser-tRNA(Ala) hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


hercynylcysteine sulfoxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (hercynine) + O2 = hercynylcysteine sulfoxide + H2O.


ammon gyrus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ammon gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ammon gyrus, often subdivided into the CA1 and CA3 regions, is one of the two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus that is rich in large pyramidal neurons.


alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


D-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


L-alanine oxidation to pyruvate via D-alanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to pyruvate, with D-alanine as an intermediate.


beta-alanine catabolic process to L-alanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including L-alanine.


L-alanine catabolic process, by transamination

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine by transamination.


L-alanine oxidation to D-lactate and ammonia

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to D-lactate and ammonia.


D-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


D-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine.


alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.


L-alanine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.


L-alanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an SA node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


arabitol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an arabitol from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.


2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid.


trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene entity with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.


anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen.


clearance of foreign intracellular nucleic acids

A defense process that protects an organism from DNA or RNA from an invading organism.


defense response to other organism

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of another organism that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that organism.


suppression of viral release by host

A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a virus with which it is infected, from its cells.


antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide

An immune response against microbes mediated by anti-microbial peptides in body fluid.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance

The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.


cytolysis by host of symbiont cells

The killing by an organism of a cell in its symbiont organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


antibacterial humoral response

An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are the antibacterial humoral responses in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.


innate immune response in mucosa

Any process of the innate immune response that takes place in the mucosal tissues.


CRISPR-cas system

A defense response of that serves to clear host cells of foreign DNA and RNA. It has three distinct stage: acquisition of foreign DNA by integration into CRISPR loci in the host chromosome, CRISPR RNA (crRNA) biogenesis, and target interference. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, which describes the nature of the loci.


induced systemic resistance

A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.


neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium

The directed killing of a bacterium by a neutrophil.


natural killer cell mediated immunity

The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines.


neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

The directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


induction of bacterial agglutination

Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.


natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

An immune response mediated by a natural killer cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.


suppression of symbiont entry into host

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.


defense response to symbiont

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect the cell or organism from damage caused by that symbiont.


antiviral innate immune response

A defense response against viruses mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


neutrophil-mediated killing of symbiont cell

The directed killing of a symbiont target cell by a neutrophil. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


male-specific defense response to bacterium

A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


clearance of foreign intracellular DNA

A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign DNA.


natural killer cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.


defense response to oomycetes

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism.


antifungal innate immune response

An defense response against a fungus mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target

The directed killing of a tumor cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


antibacterial innate immune response

An defense response against a bacteria mediated through an innate immune response. An innate immune response is mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


neutrophil-mediated killing of fungus

The directed killing of a fungal cell by a neutrophil.


male-specific antibacterial humoral response

An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid.


defense response to virus

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.


defense response to protozoan

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism.


defense response to parasitic plant

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a parasitic plant that act to protect an organism.


killing by host of symbiont cells

Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


hemolymph coagulation

Any process in which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response.


melanotic encapsulation of foreign target

Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader.


natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity

The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.


defense response to Gram-negative bacterium

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


antimicrobial humoral response

An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus.


systemic acquired resistance

The salicylic acid mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance.


melanization defense response

The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin.


neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium

The directed killing of a gram-negative bacterium by a neutrophil.


innate immunity memory response

An immune response mediated by the innate immune system and directed against a previously encountered immunologic stimulus, being quicker and quantitatively better compared with the initial response to that stimulus.


innate immune response

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


defense response against perturbation of plasma membrane integrity

The cellular processes and signaling pathways by which a cell responds to disruption of the integrity of its plasma membrane by another organism. Some toxins produced by other organisms can form pores in membranes, or affect the membrane permeability.


age-related resistance

An innate immune response that is positively correlated with host plant development. As a plant develops, its innate resistance to pathogenic infections increases. The mechanisms involved in age-related resistance differ in nature or in aspects of regulation from the hypersensitive response (HR), systemic acquired resistance (SAR), or induced systemic resistance (ISR).


antifungal humoral response

An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid. An example of this process is the antifungal humoral response in Drosophila melanogaster.


clearance of foreign intracellular RNA

A defense process that protects an organism from invading foreign RNA.


defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


columella

A rod-like element of the sexine and ectexine, supporting either the tectum (the layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella), or supporting a caput (an architectural element on top of a columella).


melanosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a melanosome.


pigment granule membrane

Any membrane that is part of a pigment granule.


epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell that was derived from the epicardium over time, from its formation to the mature state.


vascular associated smooth muscle cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels.


cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide = trans-2-chloro-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-1,4-olide.


cellular response to puromycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a puromycin stimulus.


detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.


reservosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of a reservosome.


NAD glycohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = nicotinamide + ADP-ribose without proceeding through a cyclic ADP-ribose intermediate.


negative regulation of bone trabecula formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


regulation of bone trabecula formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


positive regulation of bone trabecula formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone trabecula formation.


elastin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin, a fibrous glycoprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + 4-hydroxyacetophenone + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


collagen type VII trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(VII) chains; type VII collagen triple helices form antiparallel dimer, which in turn associate laterally to form anchoring fibrils that connect type IV collagen in the basal lamina to plaques in the underlying connective tissue. It binds laminin.


isoflavonoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.


phenylpropanoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


cinnamic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.


p-hydroxyphenyl lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-hydroxyphenyl lignin.


anaerobic lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignin in the absence of oxygen. Lignin is a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


chalcone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.


coumarin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


eugenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.


isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.


cinnamic acid ester catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.


lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.


guaiacyl lignin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guaiacyl lignin.


negative regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.


visual perception

The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image.


visual perception involved in equilibrioception

The series of events during equilibrioception required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual input plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.


negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene-4-carboxylate + 2 H+ + 2 e- + O2 = cis-3,4-phenanthrenedihydrodiol-4-carboxylate.


eosinophil chemotaxis

The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus.


positive regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


GAC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAC codon.


diphosphate-purine nucleoside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + a purine nucleoside = monophosphate + a purine mononucleotide.


germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation

Formation, in a germarium, of a group of interconnected cells derived from a single female gonial founder cell (a cystoblast). The germarium is the most anterior portion of an insect ovariole. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


thermospermine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thermospermine.


thermospermine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thermospermine.


thermospermine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thermospermine.


cytosolic small ribosomal subunit

The small subunit of a ribosome located in the cytosol.


aspartate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + ATP = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + ADP + H+.


amino acid kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an amino acid substrate.


glutamate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + ADP + H+.


homoserine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + ATP = O-phospho-L-homoserine + ADP + 2 H+.


hydroxylysine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine + GTP = 5-phosphonooxy-L-lysine + GDP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate = ADP + N-acetyl-L-2-aminoadipate 6-phosphate.


arginine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + ATP = N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine + ADP + 2 H+.


GMP catabolic process to IMP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including inosine monophosphate.


extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.


mesonephric extraglomerular mesangial cell proliferation involved in mesonephros development

The multiplication or reproduction of extraglomerular glomerular mesangium cells in the mesonephros by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as lacis cells, Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining cells in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole and macula densa.


negative regulation of granulosa cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.


chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde. Chanoclavine-I aldehyde is at a branching point in the biosynthetic pathways of fumigaclavine C and ergotamine.


negative regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP by DIF-2

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP by the action of DIF-2. DIF-2 is a chlorinated alkylphenone.


positive regulation of ERBB signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.


positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process.


positive regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.


evasion of host immune response via modulation of host complement system

Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host complement system, e.g. by possessing complement receptors which mediate attachment to, then infection of, host macrophages, which are eventually destroyed. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADPH + H+.


glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADH + H+.


ER body

A novel compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.


extrathymic T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway independent of the thymus.


old cell tip after activation of bipolar cell growth

A cell tip which has existed for at least one complete cell cycle, and at which polarized growth occurs, which is part of a cell that has activated bipolar cell growth (i.e. in which new end take-off, NETO, has taken place). For example, in fission yeast the cell end that existed prior to cell division grows immediately after division, and contains a distinctive complement of proteins including actin cytoskeletal structures.


regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.


negative regulation of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process.


mannose-specific flocculation

The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by the binding of cell wall proteins on one cell to mannose residues on the other.


peptidyl-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 5-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


gastric emptying

The process in which the liquid and liquid-suspended solid contents of the stomach exit through the pylorus into the duodenum.


ethylene binding

Binding to ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


glucarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.


glucarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucarate, the dianion of glucaric acid, an aldaric acid derived from either glucose or gulose. There are two enantiomers L- and D-glucarate.


glucarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.


D-glucarate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


D-glucarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate. D-glucarate is derived from either D-glucose or L-gulose.


D-glucarate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.


(3R)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3R-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via desmosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate desmosterol.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via lathosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate lathosterol.


cholesterol biosynthetic process via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate 24,25-dihydrolanosterol.


proline racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-proline = D-proline.


modulation by symbiont of host protein localization to phagocytic vesicle

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localisation to the host phagosome. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cellular hypotonic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


hypotonic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


mutator focus

A type of punctate focus localized to the perinuclear region of germline cytoplasm in C. elegans. Mutator foci are required for RNA interference (RNAi) and serve as sites of small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) amplification. As such, proteins that localize to mutator foci include RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRPs) and beta-nucleotidyltransferases. Mutator foci are distinct from, but adjacent to or partially overlap, P granules.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotinate + H2O + O2 = 2,6-dihydroxynicotinate + H2O2.


regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


negative regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.


positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.


negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.


negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


regulation of type III hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


positive regulation of B cell mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


positive regulation of germinal center formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


positive regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.


positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway.


regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


positive regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


negative regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


regulation of T cell mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway.


regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.


regulation of germinal center formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


positive regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.


helper T cell enhancement of B cell mediated immune response

Positive regulation of a B cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.


negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway, in a different organism.


positive regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.


negative regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.


regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.


negative regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.


modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation, in a different organism.


regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.


positive regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation.


negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.


positive regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.


helper T cell enhancement of T cell mediated immune response

Positive regulation of a T cell mediated immune response mediated via cytokine production by a helper T cell.


regulation of complement activation, classical pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation.


regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


negative regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


regulation of type II hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.


positive regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.


negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.


susceptibility to T cell mediated cytotoxicity

The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to T cell mediated cytotoxicity.


regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.


regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.


negative regulation of type III hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.