positive regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.


atrioventricular bundle cell differentiation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell of the atrioventricular bundle. These cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that transmit signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl group.


protein localization to lipid droplet

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location on or within a lipid droplet.


positive regulation of thymocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


determination of muscle attachment site

The process that mediates the transfer of information from the cells of a muscle to those of its intended target, thereby identifying the target site.


dGDP binding

Binding to dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.


genital disc development

Progression of the genital imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult terminalia, comprising the entire set of internal and external genitalia and analia. Both sexes of Drosophila have a single genital disc formed from the female and male genital primordia, and the anal primordium. The anal primordium develops in both sexes, forming either male or female analia. However, only one of the genital primordia develops in each sex, forming either the male or the female genitalia.


proteasome localization

Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


rhythmic inhibition

Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.


molybdopterin cofactor binding

Binding to a molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


glucose dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a quinone + D-glucose = a quinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.


inositol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.


positive regulation of pro-T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.


negative regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5alpha-ergosta-7,22-diene-3beta,5-diol = ergosterol + H2O.


acetylcholine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.


interleukin-17A production

The appearance of interleukin-17A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UMP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n)-glucose-1-phosphate.


tubulin-tyrosine ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + detyrosinated alpha-tubulin + L-tyrosine = alpha-tubulin + ADP + phosphate.


distal tip cell migration

The orderly movement of a distal tip cell.


negative regulation of immunological synapse formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immunological synapse formation.


high mobility group box 1 receptor activity

Combining with high mobility group box 1 (HMBGB1) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.


regulation of cellular response to osmotic stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cellular response to osmotic stress.


maintenance of animal organ identity

The process in which the identity of an animal organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


cis-trans isomerase activity

Catalysis of a reaction that interconverts cis and trans isomers. Atoms or groups are termed cis or trans to one another when they lie respectively on the same or on opposite sides of a reference plane identifiable as common among stereoisomers.


regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.


pterocarpan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + medicarpin = 4'-methoxyisoflavan-2',4,7-triol.


granzyme-mediated programmed cell death signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the cell death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of cell death is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce cell death in target cells.


macrophage proliferation

The expansion of a macrophage population by cell division.


cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a cholangiocyte.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = homogentisate + CO2.


vomifoliol 4'-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S,9R)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionol + NAD+ = (6S)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionone + H+ + NADH.


response to hexane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexane stimulus.


multicellular organism reproduction

The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.


facioacoustic ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: pyruvate + CoA + oxidized flavodoxin = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced flavodoxin.


furaldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving furaldehyde, a furan ring-containing aldehyde compound which can be formed from the thermal decomposition of biomass.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> 4-chloro-2-methylphenol + 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion + succinate + carbon dioxide.


trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.


alternansucrase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from sucrose to alternately the 6-position and the 3-position of the non-reducing terminal residue of an alpha-D-glucan, thus producing a glucan having alternating alpha-1,6- and alpha-1,3-linkages.


negative regulation of biological process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


cyanate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, from one side of a membrane to the other.


interleukin-1, type II, blocking receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity by inhibiting the activity of type I interleukin receptors.


regulation of cell budding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and growth of cell buds.


extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.


quinolinate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.


dicarboxylate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an omega-dicarboxylic acid + CoASH= AMP + diphosphate + an omega-carboxyacyl-CoA.


fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.


response to toluene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toluene stimulus.


oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an oxysterol + NADPH + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxylated oxysterol + NADP+ + H2O.


nuclear body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any of the extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.


negative regulation of maltose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltose transport.


(R)-mandelate catabolic process to catechol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including catechol.


histone H4-R3 methylation

The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.


ecgonone methyl ester catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecgonone methyl ester.


beta-caryophyllene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-caryophyllene.


regulation of exocyst localization

Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where vesicles dock and fuse.


positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), resulting in activation of MAPKKK. MAPKKK signaling pathways relay, amplify and integrate signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli.


peptide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (vanilloyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 1-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucose <=> H+ + cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + vanillate.


regulation of hippo signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.


biotin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.


negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle phase transition.


juvenile hormone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


regulation of L-lysine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.


positive regulation of blood circulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood circulation.


IgM binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of the IgM isotype.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4'''-demalonylsalvianin + malonyl-CoA = salvianin + coenzyme A.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroxyfumarate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.


COPII-coated vesicle budding

The evagination of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane, resulting in formation of a COPII-coated vesicle.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N-succinyl-LL-2,6-diaminopimelate = L-2-succinylamino-6-oxopimelate + L-glutamate.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.


response to external stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.


spheroidene biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spheroidene.


valine dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH.


vasodilation

An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.


tRNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.


skotomorphogenesis

The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation in response to growth in darkness.


ATP-dependent DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity

Catalytic activity that acts to transfer a methyl group to a DNA molecule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: magnesium protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = divinylprotochlorophyllide + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O.


7-methylguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.


UDP-sugar diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-sugar + H2O = UMP + sugar 1-phosphate.


regulation of dauer larval development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.


plasmid recombination

A process of DNA recombination occurring within a plasmid or between plasmids and other plasmids or DNA molecules.


secologanin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: loganin + NADPH + H+ + O2 = secologanin + NADP+ + 2 H2O.


G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity

Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


aerobic phenol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.


positive regulation of cholesterol storage

Any process that increases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


negative regulation of molecular function in another organism

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism.


interleukin-17F production

The appearance of interleukin-17F due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


chemical homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical.


mesothelial-mesenchymal cell signaling involved in early lung development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesothelial cell to an epithelial cell and contributes to the development of the lung.


W-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.


snRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Activity that provides specificity to a pseudouridine synthetase by using base complementarity to guide site-specific pseudouridylations to a small nuclear RNA molecule.


G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor activity

Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


cellular response to salt stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


aculeacin-A deacylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the amide bond in aculeacin A and related neutral lipopeptide antibiotics, releasing the long-chain fatty acid side-chain.


positive regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation.


musculoskeletal movement

The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system.


(R)-mandelate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate + acceptor = phenylglyoxylate + reduced acceptor.


mammary gland alveolus development

The progression of the mammary gland alveolus over time, from its formation to its mature state. The mammary gland alveolus is a sac-like structure that is found in the mature gland.


9-fluorenone dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-fluorenone + 2 NADPH + O2 = 2 NADP+ + 3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-9-fluorenone.


regulation of complement activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-1,2-dihydrodiolphenanthrene + NAD+ = H+ + NADH + 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene.


(E)-caffeate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (E)-caffeate + ATP + CoA = (E)-caffeoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


cholesterol 25-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + cholesterol + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O.


regulation of leukocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation.


lipid A-core heptosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: galactosyl-glucosyl3-heptosyl3-KDO2-lipid A-bisphosphate + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = lipid A-core + ADP + H+.


alpha,alpha-phosphotrehalase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + D-glucose 6-phosphate.


arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8S,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-hydroperoxyicosa-5,9,11,14-tetraenoate.


peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine

The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.


positive regulation of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol + NADH + H+ + O2 = 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol + NAD+ + H2O.


stellate cell precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to stellate cells. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


alkylamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylhexanamide + H2O = hexanoate + methylammonium.


3-phenylpropionate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. It is produced from putrefaction of proteins in soil or breakdown of several constituents of plants, such as lignin, various oils and resins.


positive regulation of seed germination

Any process that activates or increase the rate of seed germination.


Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-jasmonate + L-isoleucine + ATP(4-) <=> H+ + (-)-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine + AMP(2-) + diphosphoric acid.


fungal-type cell wall assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a fungal-type cell wall.


vitamin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a vitamin from one side of a membrane to the other.


skeletal muscle organ development

The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue.


methionine adenosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-methionine + H2O = phosphate + diphosphate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine.


sepiapterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP+ = sepiapterin + NADPH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxy-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine + H2O = N-isopropylammelide + ethylamine.


female germline ring canal stabilization

Maintenance of the structural integrity of the ring canals connecting the female germline cyst.


response to sulfur dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.


long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 mono-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol = alpha-D-galactosyl-beta-D-galactosyldiacylglycerol + 1,2-diacylglycerol.


intracellular nickel ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nickel ions within a cell.


regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

Any process that mediates the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.


unsubstituted mannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the mannan backbone, the unsubstituted polymer of D-mannose units.


phospholipid scramblase activity

Catalysis of the movement of phospholipids from one membrane bilayer leaflet to the other, by an ATP-independent mechanism.


response to differentiation-inducing factor 1

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one stimulus.


DDT 2,3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = cis-2,3-dihydrodiol DDT. 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDT.


XCL1 production

The appearance of XCL1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex.


suppression by virus of host catalytic activity

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity.


palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 3'',6''-O-dimalonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + malonyl-CoA(5-) <=> cyanidin 3-O-(3''', 6''-O-dimalonyl-beta-glucopyranoside) + coenzyme A.


myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons

The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve.


pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + pimelyl-CoA = 2,3-didehydropimeloyl-CoA + H+ + NADH.


post-embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


galactose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of galactose from one side of a membrane to the other. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


negative regulation of lymphocyte activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-kynurenine + 2-oxoglutarate = 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoate + L-glutamate.


myeloid cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation

The process in which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.


quinate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quinate + NADP+ = 3-dehydroquinate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


convergent extension involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis

The morphogenetic process in which the renal epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis that contributes to the shaping of a nephron in the mesonephros.


vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem

The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.


1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid, the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of N-acetyl-beta-muramic acid.


enterobactin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.


phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol.


messenger ribonucleoprotein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to form a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complex.


fucoidanase activity

Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,2-alpha-L-fucoside linkages in fucoidan without release of sulfate.


tendon cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tendon cell. Tendon cell are elongated fibrocytes in which the cytoplasm is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon. Tendon cells have a central cell nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and are responsible for synthesis and turnover of tendon fibres and ground substance.


methyl fluoride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl fluoride, fluorine-substituted methane, a gaseous halogenated hydrocarbon that has been investigated as an inhibitor of methanotrophy and nitrification in soils.


N1-acetylspermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (N1-acetylspermidine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N1-acetylspermine + oxygen + H2O = N1-acetylspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.


sperm storage

The retention of sperm by a female following mating.


glycine betaine-activated nonselective monoatomic cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when glycine betaine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


urea cycle

The sequence of reactions by which arginine is synthesized from ornithine, then cleaved to yield urea and regenerate ornithine. The overall reaction equation is NH3 + CO2 + aspartate + 3 ATP + 2 H2O = urea + fumarate + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate + AMP + diphosphate.


regulation of female gonad development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.


AMP-activated protein kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires the presence of AMP.


protein localization to eisosome filament

A process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location in a eisosome filament (also called linear eisosome), a filamentous cortical structure formed, in S. pombe, by the eisosome component Pil1.


Catalysis of the reaction:1-(1,2-saturated alkyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O.


detection of oxidative stress

The series of events in which a stimulus indicating oxidative stress is received and converted into a molecular signal.


GDP-L-galactose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


metanephric interstitial fibroblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a metanephric interstitial fibroblast.


negative regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


brush border assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of adjacent microvilli through the formation of Ca(2+)-dependent adhesion links between them, forming a brush border.


streptomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media; it acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.


spore encystment

The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: raffinose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = stachyose + myo-inositol.


methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step.


forked DNA-dependent helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix containing forked DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: galactogen + UDP-galactose = 1,6-beta-D-galctosylgalactogen + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + NADPH + H+ + trans-5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate = H2O + NADP+ + trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate.


neuronal pentraxin receptor activity

Combining with a neuronal pentraxin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


positive regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction.


mitochondrial translational termination

The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in a mitochondrion, usually in response to a termination codon (note that mitochondria use variants of the universal genetic code that differ between different taxa).


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-(1->6)-beta-D-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-beta-D-glucosaminyl 1-phosphate + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + lipid IV(a).


diamine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a diamine + H2O + O2 = a monoamine + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


actin filament polymerization

Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.


galactose to glucose-1-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways in which galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose, is converted to glucose-1-phosphate.


glutathione derivative biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione derivative.


tRNA (guanine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylguanine.


pore formation in host plasma membrane

The disruption of host plasma membrane integrity by formation of a pore, resulting in deregulated ion homeostasis, and cellular dysfunction that can result in cell death.


olfactory nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the olfactory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


receptor localization to non-motile cilium

A process in which a receptor is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a non-motile cilium.


female gamete generation

Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.


pre-mRNA branch point binding

Binding to a pre-mRNA branch point sequence, located upstream of the 3' splice site.


tetrapeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of tetrapeptide from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methyladenine.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.


peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form tele-methylhistidine

The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine).


basement membrane assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a basement membrane, a part of the extracellular region that consists of a thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue.


diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diphosphate, the anion or salt of diphosphoric acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphonato-5'-adenylyl sulfate + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate <=> adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate + H+ + an 11-hydroxyjasmonate sulfate.


alpha-bisabolene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (E,R)-alpha-bisabolene + diphosphate.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.


calcium ion binding involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

The directed change of free calcium ion concentration in the postsynaptic cytosol via the reversible binding of calcium ions to calcium-binding proteins in the cytosol thereby modulating the spatial and temporal dynamics of changes in postsynaptic cytosolic calcium concentrations.


cellular response to methylamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylamine stimulus.


cognition

The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.


renal interstitial fibroblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a renal interstitial fibroblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of cell fate determination

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate determination.


stabilization of host tight cell-cell junction

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host tight junction, a cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.


lymphocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a lymphocyte, a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.


protein localization to ciliary membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane.


4-hydroxymandelate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelate + CO2.


regulation of mammary gland cord elongation by mammary fat precursor cell-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of mammary gland cord elongation as a result of a signal being created by a mesenchymal cell that is a precursor to the mammary fat and its subsequent reception and interpretation by an mammary cord epithelial cell.


hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: hydroxylamine + NH3 = hydrazine + H2O, and hydrazine + acceptor = N2 + reduced acceptor.


ventricular septum intermedium morphogenesis

The developmental process in which a ventricular septum intermedium is generated and organized.


methylglyoxal catabolic process to lactate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into lactate.


Catalysis of the reaction: chondroitin D-glucuronate = dermatan L-iduronate.


cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone

The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane.


reduced coenzyme F420:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + CoB-S-S-CoM = coenzyme F420 + CoM-SH + CoB-SH.


global genome nucleotide-excision repair

The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.


larval walking behavior

The behavior of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.


glycolate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).


FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: FAD = AMP + riboflavin cyclic-4',5'-phosphate.


Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity

Combining with serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activation of the Gq/11 subunit of an associated cytoplasmic heterotrimeric G protein complex. The Gq/11 subunit subsequently activates phospholipase C and results in an increase in inositol triphosphate (IP3) levels.


regulation of lipase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.


cold-induced thermogenesis

The process by which heat is generated by increasing metabolism in response to cold ambient temperatures in order to maintain a stable core body temperature.


oenocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oenocyte. Oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


floral whorl development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a floral whorl over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A floral whorl is a circular arrangement of parts of a flower arising from a stem of a plant.


histone H3-K4 demethylation

The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone.


cutin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cutin, a waxy substance, which combined with cellulose forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.


nicotine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nicotine + acceptor + H2O = (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + reduced acceptor.


T cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


positive regulation of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid.


URM1 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 from one protein to another via the reaction X-URM1 + Y = Y-URM1 + X, where both X-URM1 and Y-URM1 are covalent linkages.


optic nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the optic nerve to attain its fully functional state. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


sterol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + a sterol = CoA + a sterol ester.


ER-nucleus signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation.


galactomannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactose as single side units.


Peyer's patch development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Peyer's patches over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


cellular response to UV

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


platelet morphogenesis

Generation and organization of a platelet, a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.


haloalkane dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-haloalkane + H2O = a primary alcohol + halide.


Catalysis of the movement of phosphatidylethanolamine from the cytosolic to the exoplasmic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-glutamine = 2-oxoglutaramate + L-phenylalanine.


autophagosome localization

Any process in which an autophagosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor activity

Combining with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle

A pathway leading to the fixation of two molecules of CO2 and the production of one molecule of acetyl-CoA; essentially the oxidative TCA cycle running in reverse. Acetyl-CoA is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate, from which all other central metabolites can be formed. Most of the enzymes of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle are shared, with the exception of three key enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, and fumarate reductase the reduction of fumarate forming succinate.


alanine racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine = D-alanine.


regulation of Toll signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.


erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid.


response to cytochalasin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytochalasin B stimulus.


rhombomere 3 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 3 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


beak development

The progression of the beak over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The avian beak is an external anatomical structure, in the head region, that is adapted for feeding self and young, catching prey, probing, etc. It encompasses, but is not restricted to, the maxilla, mandible, maxillary rhamphotheca, mandibular rhamphotheca, nostril, nasal fossa, nasal bones, egg tooth and rictus.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(R)-pantothenoyl]-L-cysteine + H+ = (R)-pantetheine + CO2.


Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-D-galactofuranose.


maternal aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.


regulation of conidium formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a process of producing non-motile spores, called conidia, via mitotic asexual reproduction in higher fungi. Conidia are haploid cells genetically identical to their haploid parent. They are produced by conversion of hyphal elements, or are borne on sporogenous cells on or within specialized structures termed conidiophores, and participate in dispersal of the fungus.


activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.


G protein-coupled nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: heptosyl-KDO2-lipid A + ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose = heptosyl2-KDO2-lipid A + ADP + H+.


glutamate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


metallochaperone activity

Binding to and delivering metal ions to a target protein.


response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


positive regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential.


cerebellar cortex morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


long-chain fatty acid binding

Binding to a long-chain fatty acid. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


shelterin complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a shelterin complex. A shelterin complex is a nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase.


positive regulation of circadian rhythm

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.


negative regulation of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arabinoxylan-containing compound catabolic process.


response to protozoan

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.


regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structure of the adult male tail tip is generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate + homogentisate + H+ <=> 2-methyl-6-all-trans-nonaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone + carbon dioxide + diphosphoric acid.


shoot system morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground.


'de novo' L-methionine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methionine, the L-enantiomer of (2S)-2-amino-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoic acid, from simpler components.


ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] = adenosine diphosphate ribose + [dinitrogen reductase].


MBF transcription complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MBF transcription complex.


regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.


voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Voltage-gated ion channel activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential. This is a key step in synaptic transmission, following the arrival of an action potential at the synapse.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NADP+ = D-mannose 6-phosphate + 3 H+ + NADPH.


cellular response to arsenite(3-)

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite(3-) stimulus.


stress response to copper ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a copper ion stimulus.


CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + corrinoid protein = CO + methylcorrinoid protein + CoA.


establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a bipolar intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


regulation of vegetative phase change

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vegetative phase change. Vegetative phase change is the set of post-embryonic processes involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


taxane 13-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol = H2O + NADP+ + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha,13alpha-diol.


primary lung bud formation

The morphogenetic process in which the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds.


arachidonate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arachidonate from one side of a membrane to the other.


vinorine hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + vinorine = H2O + NADP+ + vomilenine.


viral genome circularization

The circularization of a viral genome following infection of a host cell. This is common amongst bacterial viruses to protect the viral genome ends from nucleases, to convert the linear genome to an integrative precursor or to give rise to the replicative form of the genome. It can be mediated by covalent closure of the DNA sticky ends, recombinaison between redundant terminal sequences or via the binding of a protein at the viral DNA extremities.


positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation involved in immune response.


radial spoke assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the radial spoke, a protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules.


exit of virus from host cell nucleus

The directed movement of the viral genome or a viral particle out of the host cell nucleus.


chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.


negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltotriose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


somatostatin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by somatostatin binding to the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetoacetate + butanoyl-CoA = acetoacetyl-CoA + butanoate.


fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step of each oxidation cycle, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass through the respiratory chain to oxygen and leave H2O as the product. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


positive regulation of D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway.


regulation of laminaritriose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of laminaritriose transport.


liver regeneration

The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.


efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve.


cellular response to mercury ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.


glutamine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = CoA + N-acyl-L-glutamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + 3 H+ + a stearoyl-[acp] = nonadec-1-ene + 2 carbon dioxide + coenzyme A + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


hemicellulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present.


MHC class II biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.


DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A signal transduction process that contributes to a DNA replication checkpoint, that prevents the initiation of nuclear division until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.


positive regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.


telencephalon regionalization

The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops.


calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell.


regulation of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway.


pigment accumulation in response to UV light

The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.


histone H3-K36 trimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 36 of the histone.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


hindbrain radial glia guided cell migration

The radially directed movement of a cell along radial glial cells in the hindbrain. Radial migration refers to a directed movement from the internal ventricular area to the outer surface of the hindbrain.


dGMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).


regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.


intracellular magnesium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of magnesium ions within a cell.


prepulse inhibition

The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse.


negative regulation of striated muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.


ingression involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The migration of individual cells into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


negative regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.


positive regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2-mercaptobenzothiazole-cis-6,7-dihydrodiol.


lymph vessel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of lymph vessels are generated and organized. The lymph vessel is the vasculature carrying lymph.


cytochrome metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cytochrome.


L-glutamine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-glutamine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


protein demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a protein.


cephalosporinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a cephalosporin + H2O = a substituted beta-amino acid derivative of the cephalosporin.


modulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity

The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of its symbiont organism.


post-embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye

The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the post-embryonic life stage.


histone H3 ubiquitin ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a histone H3 substrate.


negative regulation of odontoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of odontoblast differentiation.


histone H3K23 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H3 L-lysine (position 23) = CoA + histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 23).


heart wedging

The morphogenetic process in which the aorta inserts between the atrioventricular valves, contributing to the shaping of the heart.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-cellobiose phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + cellobiose(out) = protein histidine + cellobiose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


leucophore differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a leucophore cell. Leucophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain uric acid or other purine crystals, deposited in stacks called leucosomes. This gives them a white appearance.


tRNA gene clustering

The process in which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae.


disruption by symbiont of host cell nucleus

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host cell nucleus.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil20b in tRNA + NAD(P) = H+ + a uracil20b in tRNA + NAD(P)H.


modulation by symbiont of host defense response

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of its host, the response mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


methane catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.


negative regulation of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, which reduces appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-N6-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + acetyl-CoA = (R)-N6-(S8-acetyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + CoA.


response to organonitrogen compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.


rubredoxin-NADP+ reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced rubredoxin + NADP+ = oxidized rubredoxin + NADPH + H+.


spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


morphogenesis of an epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.


Catalysis of the reaction: dithioerythritol + thiosulfate = hydrogen sulfide + dithioerythritol disulfide + sulfite.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-hydroxypropionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-hydroxypropionate.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-xylose(out) + H+(out) = D-xylose(in) + H+(in).


germarium-derived oocyte fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cold-induced thermogenesis.


vascular endothelial cell response to fluid shear stress

Any response to fluid shear stress in a vascular endothelial cell.


fumonisin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fumonisin.


positive regulation of olefin metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of olefin metabolic process.


regulation of cellular response to alcohol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alcohol.


SCF ubiquitin ligase complex binding

Binding to a SCF ubiquitin ligase complex.


regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord

The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the dorsal spinal cord.


leukotriene receptor activity

Combining with a leukotriene to initiate a change in cell activity. Leukotrienes are pharmacologically active substances with a set of three conjugated double bonds; some contain a peptide group based on cysteine.


carbon dioxide binding

Binding to carbon dioxide.


UDP-D-galacturonate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


negative regulation of anion transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport.


L-gulonate 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulonate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H+ + NADH.


aryl sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a phenol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate.


protein insertion into membrane

The process that results in the incorporation of a protein into a biological membrane. Incorporation in this context means having some part or covalently attached group that is inserted into the the hydrophobic region of one or both bilayers.


inner ear morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.


protein-bilin linkage

The covalent linkage of bilin and a protein.


stomium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stomium is a fissure or pore in the anther lobe through which the pollen is released.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-galactosalaminyl-R + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + UDP.


pronephric glomerulus morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pronephric glomerulus are generated and organized. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


phthalate binding

Binding to a phthalate, any ester or salt of phthalic acid.


ABC-type iron-sulfur cluster transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + iron-sulfur cluster(in) = ADP + phosphate + iron-sulfur cluster(out).


rhombomere 1 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


glucanosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the splitting and linkage of glucan molecules, resulting in glucan chain elongation.


perillic acid-CoA ligase (AMP-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: perillic acid + CoA-SH + ATP = H2O + AMP + diphosphate + perillyl-CoA.


2-propylphenol monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-propylphenol + O2 + NADH + H+ = 3-propylcatechol + H2O + NAD.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + A = AH(2) + orotate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-succinylbenzoyl-CoA + H+ = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O.


(S)-scoulerine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (S)-scoulerine.


thymus epithelium morphogenesis

The process in which the thymus epithelium is generated and organized.


response to rapamycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus.


acylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.


intestinal epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of an intestinal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


forebrain neuroblast differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of basal progenitor cells, neuroblasts that lose their contacts with the ventricular surface. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


ATP-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion from intracellular stores by a channel that opens when a ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


thymidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-citramalate + succinyl-CoA = citramalyl-CoA + succinate.


cardioblast cell midline fusion

The attachment of cardiac progenitor cells to one another that contributes to the formation of the heart rudiment.


peptidyl-arginine N-methylation

The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


oxygen carrier activity

Binding to oxygen and delivering it to an acceptor molecule or a specific location.


acrosome matrix dispersal

The proteolytic digestion of components in the acrosomal matrix that occurs as part of the acrosome reaction. The process can occur either in the cumulus oophorous facilitating the penetration of it by the sperm, or at the zona pellucida allowing the sperm to reach the plasma membrane of the egg where the inner acrosomal membrane of the sperm can interact with the egg plasma membrane.


ribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.


response to glutathione

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glutathione stimulus.


molybdenum incorporation into molybdenum-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of molybdenum into a molybdenum-molybdopterin complex.


protein arginylation

The conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein; required for the degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway.


regulation of glycerol transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of glycerol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of heart rate in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of the heart rate of the bitten/stung organism.


rhombomere 7 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


cell motility in response to potassium ion

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


glutathione thiolesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-acylglutathione + H2O = a carboxylate + glutathione + H+.


stamen formation

The process that contributes to the act of giving rise to the stamen. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


organ or tissue specific immune response

An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.


rhombomere 4 morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


Catalysis of the reaction: long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl-phosphate = long-chain-polyphosphate + 3-phosphoglycerate.


centrosome localization

Any process in which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-demethylubiquinone-9 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + ubiquinone-9.


protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine

The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine.


pentadec-1-ene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentadec-1-ene.


retina homeostasis

A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.


asparagine biosynthetic process from oxaloacetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including oxaloacetate.


dinitrosyl-iron complex binding

Binding to a dinitrosyl-iron complex. Nitric oxide (NO) is stored as dinitrosyl-iron complexes, which form spontaneously from Glutathione (GSH), S-nitrosoglutathione, and trace amounts of ferrous ions, or by reaction of iron-sulfur centers with NO.


homoaconitate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-homoisocitrate = cis-homoaconitate + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)+ + H2O = N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)H + H+.


phosphoketolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose 5-phosphate + phosphate = acetyl phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.


positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


G protein-coupled enkephalin receptor activity

Combining with an enkephalin, and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. A enkephalin is a pentapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu) involved in regulating nociception in the body.


pons structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pons. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.


positive regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


RNA glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of N-glycosidic bonds in an RNA molecule.


apigenin 7-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + apigenin-7-olate <=> S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + genkwanin.


DNA double-strand break processing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phospho-alpha-D-glucuronate + UTP = diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes in a growing endochondral bone, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


Catalysis of the reaction: dTDP-beta-L-rhamnose + L-arginyl-[protein] = dTDP + H+ + N(omega)-(L-rhamnosyl)-L-arginyl-[protein].


cellular response to inorganic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.


Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-threonylcarbomyladenosine (t6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms2t6A).


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


B-1 B cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.


protein transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a protein from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of neuron migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.


negative regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.


thiaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + thiamine = 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n) + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + tetrahydrofolyl-(Glu)(n+1).


glial cell-neuron signaling

Cell-cell signaling that mediates the transfer of information from a glial cell to a neuron. This signaling has been shown to be mediated by various molecules, depending on which glial cells release them, and in which tissues the signaling occurs, e.g. microglial cell-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) in the retina, or microglial cell-derived superoxide ions in the cerebellum.


starch metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants. It is a glucan consisting of two components, amylose and amylopectin, which are both glucose homopolymers. Starch is synthesized as a temporary storage form of carbon and can be catabolized to produce sucrose.


positive regulation of osteoclast development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast development.


evasion by virus of DNA end degradation

A process by which a virus evades and ends degradation of its DNA when free viral-DNA ends are exposed as part of its life-cycle. For example, some bacteriophages encode proteins that bind to free viral DNA ends, protecting them from degradation by host exonucleases.


tRNA 5-carboxymethoxyuridine methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to a 5-carboxymethoxy-modified uridine residue in a tRNA molecule.


multi-organism reproductive process

A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism.


ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any ATPase coupled ion transmembrane transporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


protein polymerization

The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.


tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 = 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + 4-alpha-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H2O.


salicylic acid glucosyltransferase (ester-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid glucose ester + UDP.


L-xylulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-xylulose = ADP + L-xylulose 5-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dCMP + H2O = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylate.


collagen V binding

Binding to a type V collagen trimer.


perturbation of host induced systemic resistance

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects the induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + a standard alpha amino acid <=> L-homomethionine + a 2-oxo carboxylate.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate = halima-5(6),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.


negative regulation of vitamin metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.


cholesterol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + cholesterol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + cholesterol sulfate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)+ = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H + H+.


cellular response to oxygen radical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.


maintenance of imaginal histoblast diploidy

The negative regulation of the differentiation of polytenized larval hypodermal cells from abdominal histoblasts. The abdominal histoblasts remain a small cluster of diploid cells among the polytenized larval hypodermal cells.


sulfiredoxin activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxy-S-oxocysteine) + ATP + 2 R-SH = peroxiredoxin-(S-hydroxycysteine) + ADP + phosphate + R-S-S-R.


negative regulation of memory T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ galactoside(out) = sodium(in) + galactoside(in).


pectoral fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.


synaptic vesicle clustering

The process that results in grouping synaptic vesicles in presynaptic structures.


lung induction

The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the foregut to change their fates and specify the development of the lung.


actin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.


signal clustering

Grouping of multiple copies of a signal at a cellular location. May promote receptor clustering and alter the signal transduction response.


xylan acetylation

The addition of one or more acetyl groups to a xylan molecule.


epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation

Any process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a ligand for an epidermal growth factor receptor. The ligand is functional when it can bind to and activate an epidermal growth factor receptor.


dihydromethanopterin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + NADPH = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NADP.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.