regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


positive regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


positive regulation of type III hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


helper T cell enhancement of adaptive immune response

Positive regulation of an adaptive immune response mediated via cytokine production by helper T cell.


negative regulation of peripheral tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.


negative regulation of germinal center formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.


positive regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


regulation of B cell mediated immunity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.


positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata.


regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


negative regulation of type IV hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response.


amyloid-beta clearance

The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by mechanisms involving cell surface receptors.


sialic acid:proton symporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + H+(out) = sialate(in) + H+(in).


caste determination, influence by genetic factors

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


polyphenic determination

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues.


caste determination

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


polyphenic determination, influence by environmental factors

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental cues.


caste determination, influence by environmental factors

The process in which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.


polyphenic determination, influence by genetic factors

The process in which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to genetic cues.


copper-nicotianamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the copper chelate copper-nicotianamine (Cu-NA) from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of somatic stem cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.


positive regulation of somatic stem cell division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.


negative regulation of somatic stem cell division

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division.


epinephrine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.


riboflavin synthase complex

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An flavoprotein that catalyzes the reaction the breakdown of dimethyl(ribityl)lumazine to form riboflavin and ribitylamino-amino-dihydroxypyrimidine.


plastoglobule

A lipoprotein particle present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.


Fused-Smurf ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex. In D. melanogaster, it regulates ubiquitination and proteolysis of the BMP receptor Thickveins in cystoblasts, potentially by controlling Tkv ubiquitination and degradation.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + O-demethylpuromycin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + puromycin.


5-formylcytosine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-formylcytosine+ 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-carboxylcytosine + succinate + CO2.


citrate (Si)-synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the si-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA thus provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-S carboxymethyl group.


citrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA.


citrate (Re)-synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA, where the acetyl group is added to the re-face of oxaloacetate; acetyl-CoA provides the two carbon atoms of the pro-R carboxymethyl group.


modulation of relaxation of smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in a second organism.


positive regulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism increases the extent of relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.


modulation of relaxation of uterine smooth muscle in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the relaxation of smooth muscle in the uterus of a second organism.


translation at presynapse

Translation that occurs at the presynapse.


translation at presynapse, modulating chemical synaptic transmission

Translation that occurs at the presynapse, and that modulates chemical synaptic transmission.


negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.


negative regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione peroxidase activity.


negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.


negative regulation of tyrosinase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a tyrosinase enzyme.


negative regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+) activity.


negative regulation of monooxygenase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a monooxygenase.


negative regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of succinate dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of heme oxygenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency or rate of heme oxygenase activity.


negative regulation of primary amine oxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of primary amine oxidase activity.


negative regulation of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinin dehydrogenase activity.


negative regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity.


negative regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


negative regulation of D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of D-amino-acid oxidase activity.


negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thioredoxin peroxidase activity.


regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


negative regulation of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of advanced glycation end-product receptor activity.


extracellular matrix of synaptic cleft

The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the synaptic cleft.


cranial suture morphogenesis

The process in which any suture between cranial bones is generated and organized.


coronal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the coronal suture is generated and organized.


frontal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the frontal suture is generated and organized.


lambdoid suture morphogenesis

The process in which the lambdoid suture is generated and organized.


sagittal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the sagittal suture is generated and organized.


positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.


cellular response to L-canavanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-canavanine stimulus. L-canavanine is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group.


response to L-canavanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-canavanine stimulus.


positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages that are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


positive regulation of odontogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


positive regulation of dentin-containing tooth bud formation by mesenchymal-epithelial signaling

Any process that initiates the formation of a tooth bud by the secretion of a signal from a mesenchymal cell and its reception and subsequent change in the identity of an epithelial cell of the tooth bud.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.


cellular response to phosphate starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of phosphate.


(S)-limonene 1,2-monooxygenase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4S)-limonene + NADPH+= + H+ + O2 = NADP+ + H2O + (4S)-limonene-1,2-epoxide.


Catalysis of the reaction: choline + O2 = betaine aldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


D-nopaline dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O = L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH.


keratinization

The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in renal vesicle formation

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the renal vesicle.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephric renal vesicle formation

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephric renal vesicle.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephric renal vesicle formation

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephric renal vesicle.


mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in mesonephros morphogenesis

A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephros.


The monomethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylserine.


phosphonoacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonoacetate, C2H4PO5, a substance composed of an acetate and a phosphonic acid residue.


cspyrone B1 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cspyrone B1.


ecdysteroid 22-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an ecdysteroid + ATP = an ecdysteroid 22-phosphate + ADP + H+.


tartrate epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate = (2R,3S)-tartrate.


bBAF complex

A brain-specific SWI/SNF-type complex that contains eight or nine proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; contains the ATPase product of either the SMARCA4/BAF190A/BRG1 gene, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast SNF2 gene, or the SMARCA2/BAF190B/BRM gene, the mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila brm (brahma) gene, or an ortholog of either of these genes. Compared to the neuron-specific nBAF complex (GO:0071565) it does not contain DPF1, DPF3 or SMARCC1 or their orthologs. May contain PB1/BAF180.


GTP cyclohydrolase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 3 H2O = 2,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-4-(5-phosphoribosylamino)-pyrimidine + diphosphate + formate + 3 H+.


2-oxoglutarate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + oxidized ferredoxin = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced ferredoxin.


(+)-2-epi-prezizaene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-cis,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-2-epi-prezizaene + diphosphoric acid.


2-cis,6-cis-farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate <=> 2 diphosphate + (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate.


heart induction

The close range interaction between mesoderm and endoderm or ectoderm that causes cells to change their fates and specify the development of the heart.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanate = pyruvate + chloroacetaldehyde.


Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-GlcNAc residue from UDP-D-GlcNAc to the fucose residue of a fucosylated protein acceptor.


negative regulation of substance P receptor binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.


positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA + H2O = 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate + CoA.


toluene oxidation via 4-hydroxytoluene

The degradation of toluene to form p-hydroxybenzoate; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 4-hydroxytoluene (4-cresol).


toluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products such as gasoline and commonly used as a paint thinning agent and in other solvent applications.


toluene oxidation to catechol

The formation from toluene of catechol, dihydroxybenzene, by successive oxidations followed by loss of carbon dioxide (CO2).


toluene oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in toluene.


anaerobic toluene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


toluene oxidation via 2-hydroxytoluene

The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 2-hydroxytoluene (o-cresol).


toluene oxidation via 3-hydroxytoluene

The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 3-hydroxytoluene (m-cresol).


toluene oxidation via toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol

The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol.


toluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products.


anaerobic toluene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, in the absence of oxygen.


negative regulation of amacrine cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.


regulation of amacrine cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.


positive regulation of amacrine cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amacrine cell differentiation.


muscle myosin complex

A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type.


myosin II complex

A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA + chloride + NADP+ = 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfobenzoate + H+ + NADH + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD+ + sulfite.


alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-ICAM-4 complex

A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to the cell adhesion molecule ICAM-4.


lateral sprouting involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

The process in which a branch forms along the side of a mammary duct.


negative regulation of androgen secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.


negative regulation of secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.


negative regulation of defecation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.


negative regulation of defecation rhythm

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.


negative regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion.


negative regulation of glucagon secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.


negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.


negative regulation of ecdysteroid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.


negative regulation of substance P secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion.


negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.


negative regulation of corticosterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosterone secretion.


negative regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.


negative regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell.


negative regulation of androstenedione secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.


negative regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that decreases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


negative regulation of renal sodium excretion by angiotensin

The process in which angiotensin decreases the amount of sodium that is excreted in urine over a unit of time.


negative regulation of testosterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion.


negative regulation of epinephrine secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.


negative regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission.


negative regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion.


negative regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.


negative regulation of estradiol secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estradiol secretion.


negative regulation of bile acid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue.


negative regulation of saliva secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of saliva secretion.


negative regulation of progesterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progesterone secretion.


negative regulation of activin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell.


negative regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


negative regulation of icosanoid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell.


negative regulation of dopamine secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.


negative regulation of growth hormone secretion

Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.


negative regulation of glycine secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycine secretion, neurotransmission.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.


negative regulation of serotonin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


negative regulation of substance P secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of substance P secretion, neurotransmission.


negative regulation of corticosteroid hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion.


negative regulation of estrogen secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.


negative regulation of somatostatin secretion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, extent of the regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.


negative regulation of aldosterone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aldosterone secretion.


negative regulation of aspartate secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aspartate secretion.


negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell.


negative regulation of hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


negative regulation of secretion by cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.


negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.


negative regulation of glutamate secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.


negative regulation of calcitonin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcitonin secretion.


negative regulation of gastric acid secretion

Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.


negative regulation of mucus secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue.


negative regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion.


negative regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.


negative regulation of peptide secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.


negative regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion.


negative regulation of inhibin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell.


negative regulation of steroid hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion.


negative regulation of corticotropin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell.


negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


negative regulation of estrone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of estrone secretion.


negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.


negative regulation of cortisol secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell.


negative regulation of arachidonic acid secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arachidonic acid secretion.


negative regulation of juvenile hormone secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of juvenile hormone.


negative regulation of catecholamine secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.


signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + anthranilate = N-methylanthranilate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


sequestering of calcium ion

The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


negative regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


unsaturated chondroitin disaccharide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-4-deoxy-Delta(4)-GlcpA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc6S + H2O = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate.


catagen

The regression phase of the hair cycle during which cell proliferation ceases, the hair follicle shortens, and an anchored club hair is produced.


hair cycle phase

The cyclical periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.


anagen

The growth phase of the hair cycle. Lasts, for example, about 3 to 6 years for human scalp hair.


exogen

The shedding phase of the hair cycle.


telogen

The resting phase of hair cycle.


1-undecene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-undecene.


endothelial cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of an endothelial cell to another endothelial cell via adhesion molecules.


NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex

A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A. In yeast, the complex has 13 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60).


sphingoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.


sphingoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.


3-keto-sphinganine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-keto-sphinganine, a derivative of sphinganine with a ketone group at C3. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of sphingosine.


sphingosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.


sphinganine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


sphinganine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


phytosphingosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol, a constituent of many plant sphingolipids.


sphingosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.


sphingosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.


sphingoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.


phytosphingosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol.


shikimate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.


shikimate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid.


heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, linkage to polypeptide

The polymerization of one or more heparan sulfate chains via a xylose link onto serine residues in the core protein of a proteoglycan.


response to meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling

A process that acts directly to delay or stop progression through the cell cycle in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling; contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint.


response to meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling.


response to meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.


L-phenylalanine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.


anaerobic phenylalanine oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine under anaerobic conditions; occurs via the intermediates phenylpyruvate and phenylacetaldehyde.


cytoplasmic side of apical plasma membrane

The side (leaflet) of the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.


collagen type X trimer

A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(X) chains; type X collagen triple helices form hexagonal networks (sheets).


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hercynylselenocysteine.


positive regulation of response to formic acid

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.


regulation of response to formic acid

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.


negative regulation of response to formic acid

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to formic acid.


transcription factor TFIIIE complex

A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIE contains a specific subset of ribosomal proteins.


positive regulation of vitamin metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


4-alpha-methyl-delta7-sterol oxidation

A lipid oxidation process proceeding through a series of three successive monooxygenations of the alpha methyl group on the C4 carbon (CH3 to CH2OH to CHO to COOH) and resulting in this overall reaction: 4-alpha-methyl-delta7-sterol + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-alpha-carboxy,delta7-sterol + 3 NADP+ + 3 H2O.


regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.


negative regulation of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity.


miRNA binding

Binding to a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes.


lachrymatory factor synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-propenylsulfenate = propanethiol S-oxide.


negative regulation of T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.


negative regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


negative regulation of NK T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.


positive regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole-centriole cohesion.


regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion

Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker.


negative regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole-centriole cohesion.


negative regulation of age-related resistance

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the extent of age-related resistance.


keratinocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.


pericardium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery.


Catalysis of the reaction: sterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 7-O-methylsterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


propanediol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propanediol, a sweet, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with the formula CH3-CHOH-CH2OH.


propanediol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propanediol, CH3-CHOH-CH2OH, a sweet, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze, in brake fluid and as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items.


anaerobic glycerol catabolic process to propane-1,3-diol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol into propane-1,3-diol and water.


negative regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.


regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.


positive regulation of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell-cell adhesion involved in epithelium migration.


telomere single strand break repair

Single strand break repair that takes place in a telomere.


Catalysis of the addition of UDP-glucose on to asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides of the form Man7-9GlcNAc2 on incorrectly folded glycoproteins.


nucleosomal methylation activator complex

A protein complex that contains eight subunits in common with the SWI/SNF complex, plus the ATPase BRG1 (SMARCA4) and the histone methyltransferase CARM1; the complex is involved in regulating nuclear receptor-dependent transcription.


negative regulation of meiotic chromosome separation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic chromosome separation.


posterior cibarial plate morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the posterior cibarial plate are generated and organized.


sarcinapterin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sarcinapterin.


sarcinapterin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sarcinapterin.


NADPH-cytochrome-c2 reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome c2 = NADP+ + 2 ferrocytochrome c2.


Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene B4 + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced flavin or flavoprotein and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


alkanesulfonate monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alkanesulfonate + O2 + FMNH2 = an aldehyde + sulfite + H2O + FMN.


Catalysis of the reaction: pryrole-2-carboxylate + NADH + O2 + H+ = 5-hydroxypyrrole-2-carboxylate + NAD+ + H2O.


4-hydroxy-3-all-trans-hexaprenylbenzoate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 3,4-dihydroxy-5-all-trans-hexaprenylbenzoate + H2O + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].


2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: liquiritigenin + O2 + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 2,4',7-trihydroxyisoflavanone + H2O + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] and (2S)-naringenin + O2 + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 2,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyisoflavanone + H2O + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


licodione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + liquiritigenin + NADPH + O2 = H2O + licodione + NADP+.


aflatoxin B synthase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: 8-O-methylsterigmatocystin + 2 [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 O2 <=> aflatoxin B + 2 [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + methanol + CO2. Produces both aflatoxin B(1) and aflatoxin B(2).


alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-CHO + reduced FMN + O2 = R-COOH + FMN + H2O + light.


uvaol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uvaol + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> ursolic aldehyde + NADP + 2 H2O.


heme oxygenase (decyclizing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: heme b + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = biliverdin + CO + Fe2+ + H+ + 3 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


7-deoxyloganin 7-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-deoxyloganin + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + loganin + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + FMNH2 + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-secoandrosta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione + FMN + H2O.


sterol 12-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + donor-H2 + O2 = 12-alpha-hydroxysteroid + H2O.


nitrilotriacetate monooxygenase activity (FMN-dependent)

Catalysis of the reaction: nitrilotriacetate + O2 + FMNH2 = ammoniodiacetate + 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion + H2O + FMN.


3-chloro THPH synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylhexan-1-one + chloride + FADH2 + O2 = (3-chloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + FAD + H+ + 2 H2O.


2,5-diketocamphane 1,2-monooxygenase

Catalysis of the reaction: 1R,4R)-bornane-2,5-dione + FMNH2 + O2 = (1R,4R)-5-oxo-1,2-campholide + FMN + H+ + H2O.


pipecolic acid N-hydroxylase

Catalysis of the reaction: L-pipecolic acid + NAD(P)H + O2 + H+ = N-hydroxypipecolic acid + NAD(P)+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H2O + NADP+.


3,5 dichloro-THPH synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3-chloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + chloride + FADH2 + O2 = (3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one + FAD + 2 H2O.


very long-chain fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl-very-long-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy-very-long-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]. A very long chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.


aromatase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of an aliphatic ring to yield an aromatic ring.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-triol + H2O + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + FADH(2) + O2 = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + FAD + H+ + H2O.


germacrene A hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:(+)-(R)-germacrene A + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


Catalysis of the reaction: (24S)-hydroxycholesterol + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = (24S)-7alpha-dihydroxycholesterol + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


long-chain fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl-long-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


medium-chain fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl-medium-chain fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


fatty acid omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an omega-methyl fatty acid + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = an omega-hydroxy fatty acid + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


7-deoxyloganate 7-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction:  7-deoxyloganate + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O +  loganate + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


isoflavone 2'-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an isoflavone + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = a 2'-hydroxyisoflavone + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin

An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


Golgi cell precursor proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to Golgi cells. A Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.


sarcosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sarcosine.


sarcosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sarcosine.


sarcosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sarcosine.


AGA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AGA codon.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart valve morphogenesis

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell proliferation that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve.


regulation of binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


regulation of mRNA cap binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.


regulation of chromatin binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


regulation of receptor binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.


negative regulation of transferrin receptor binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.


negative regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.


negative regulation of apolipoprotein binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.


regulation of small GTPase binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase binding.


regulation of actin binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.


regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding.


regulation of ferrous iron binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.


negative regulation of lipid binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.


regulation of C-C chemokine binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine binding.


regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


regulation of protein binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.


regulation of polysome binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.


regulation of transferrin receptor binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferrin receptor binding.


regulation of core promoter binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.


regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.


negative regulation of C-C chemokine binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of C-C chemokine binding.


negative regulation of actin binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin binding.


regulation of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of selenocysteine insertion sequence binding.


negative regulation of chemokine activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine activity.


regulation of microtubule plus-end binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.


regulation of GTP binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.


negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


regulation of mRNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.


negative regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


negative regulation of microtubule binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.


negative regulation of growth hormone activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.


negative regulation of mRNA cap binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cap binding.


desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway by arrestin

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by uncoupling the receptor from its downstream G proteins.


negative regulation of core promoter binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding.


regulation of microtubule minus-end binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule minus-end binding.


negative regulation of collagen binding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


negative regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.


regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.


regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding to single-stranded telomeric DNA.


regulation of chemokine activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine activity.


negative regulation of RNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.


regulation of actin filament binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.


negative regulation of protein binding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.


regulation of apolipoprotein binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apolipoprotein binding.


regulation of DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


regulation of telomeric DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.


negative regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


regulation of triplex DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.


regulation of protein homodimerization activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.


negative regulation of telomeric DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomeric DNA binding.


negative regulation of mRNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA binding.


regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


negative regulation of euchromatin binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.


negative regulation of actin filament binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding.


regulation of cytokine activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.


negative regulation of chromatin binding

Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.


regulation of substance P receptor binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of substance P receptor binding.


negative regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


regulation of heparan sulfate binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.


regulation of microtubule binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding.


regulation of growth hormone activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth hormone activity.


negative regulation of small GTPase binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase binding.


regulation of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-stranded telomeric DNA binding.


negative regulation of heparan sulfate binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate binding.


negative regulation of polysome binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polysome binding.


regulation of euchromatin binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding.


regulation of collagen binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.


negative regulation of protein homodimerization activity

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.


regulation of lipid binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid binding.


negative regulation of binding

Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.


regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.


regulation of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.


negative regulation of mRNA 3'-UTR binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-UTR binding.


modulation by host of RNA binding by virus

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a viral gene product binding to RNA.


regulation of protein heterodimerization activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.


regulation of recombination hotspot binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination hotspot binding.


negative regulation of receptor binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor.


negative regulation of ferrous iron binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferrous iron binding.


negative regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding.


negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.


regulation of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


negative regulation of cytokine activity

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.


negative regulation of microtubule plus-end binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.


regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding.


negative regulation of DNA binding

Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).


regulation of RNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding.


negative regulation of triplex DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of triplex DNA binding.


negative regulation of GTP binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding.


negative regulation of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase I regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


gamma-tubulin complex

A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species.


gamma-tubulin small complex

A complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules and two conserved non-tubulin proteins. Some gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex.


gamma-tubulin ring complex

A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes. An example of this structure is found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.


nonassociative learning

A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment.


dishabituation

The temporary recovery of response to a stimulus when a novel stimulus is added.


sensitization

An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched.


habituation

A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented.


geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = (2E,6E,10E,14E)-geranylfarnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate.


D-allose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.


3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: divinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADPH + H+ = monovinyl protochlorophyllide a + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4,6-disulfate.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell extravasation

The migration of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation

The migration of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


T-helper 1 cell extravasation

The migration of a T-helper 1 cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. A T-helper 1 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma.


T-helper 17 cell extravasation

The migration of a T-helper 17 cell from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


3'-flap-structured DNA binding

Binding to a 3'-flap structure in DNA. A DNA flap structure is one in which a single-stranded 3'-end of DNA or RNA protrudes from a double-stranded DNA molecule.


spermidine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


clathrin-sculpted glutamate transport vesicle

A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing glutamate.


site of double-strand break

A region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.


site of DNA damage

A region of a chromosome at which DNA damage has occurred. DNA damage signaling and repair proteins accumulate at the lesion to respond to the damage and repair the DNA to form a continuous DNA helix.


tetraspanin-enriched microdomain

A pre-organized unit composed either of adhesion molecules (mainly integrins and members of the Ig superfamily), signaling receptors and/or enzyme-enriched plasma membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes. Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains might be specially suited for the regulation of avidity of adhesion receptors and the compartmentalization of enzymatic activities.


cellular response to streptomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.


ABC-type quaternary ammonium compound transporting activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + quaternary ammonium(out) = ADP + H+ + phosphate + quaternary ammonium(in).


quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of quaternary ammonium groups from one side of a membrane to the other. Quaternary ammonium groups are any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.


ABC-type glycine betaine transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycine betaine(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycine betaine(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: (R)-carnitine(out) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(in) = (R)-carnitine(in) + 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate(out).


amino-acid betaine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of betaine from one side of a membrane to the other. Betaine is the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.


carnitine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of carnitine across a membrane. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


glycine betaine:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine betaine(out) + H+(out) = glycine betaine(in) + H+(in).


quaternary ammonium group:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: quaternary ammonium group(out) + H+(out) = quaternary ammonium group(in) + H+(in).


(R)-carnitine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of (R)-carnitine from one side of a membrane to the other.


acyl carnitine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acyl carnitine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane.


glycine betaine:sodium:chloride symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine betaine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= glycine betaine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


ATPase-coupled hydroxyectoine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + hydroxyectoine(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + hydroxyectoine(in/out).


N-methylnicotinate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of N-methylnicotinate from one side of a membrane to the other.


4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate from one side of a membrane to the other.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors, dinitrogen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which an iron-sulfur protein acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces dinitrogen.


carbonyl sulfide nitrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbonyl sulfide + 2 H+ + 2 e- = hydrogen sulfide + carbon monoxide.


glucosylceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group.


glucosylceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. They are neutral glycolipids containing equimolar amounts of fatty acid, glucose, and sphingosine or a sphingosine derivative.


negative regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.


secondary active sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the secondary active transfer of sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is the transfer of a solute across a membrane, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + Na+(out) = sulfate(in) + Na+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in).


low-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.


high-affinity sulfate:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sulfate(out) + H+(out) = sulfate(in) + H+(in). In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


high-affinity sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the secondary active high affinity transfer of sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other. Secondary active transport is the transfer of a solute across a membrane, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind thesolute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


cobinamide phosphate guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide phosphate + GTP + 2 H+ = adenosylcobinamide-GDP + diphosphate.


protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl-L-lysyl-peptide + H2O + O2 = peptidyl-allysyl-peptide + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


peptidoglycan peptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of peptidoglycan peptides from one side of a membrane to the other. Peptidoglycan peptides are the oligopeptides found in peptidoglycan networks which cross-link the polysaccharide chains.


choloyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + H2O = cholate + CoA.


postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission

Any process, acting in the postsynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission.


somatic muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic muscles are striated muscle structures that connect to the exoskeleton or cuticle.


adult somatic muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


larval somatic muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 3-maleylpyruvate + H+.


lysosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases.


lytic vacuole organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lytic vacuole.


phagolysosome assembly

The process that results in the fusion of a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, with a lysosome.


phagolysosome assembly involved in apoptotic cell clearance

The process in which a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, fuses with a lysosome as a part of apoptotic cell clearance.


inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate = ADP + inositol 5-triphosphate pentakisphosphate.


6-hydroxynicotinate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + oxidized ferredoxin = 6-hydroxynicotinate + reduced ferredoxin.


thiocyanate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 H+ + thiocyanate = carbonyl sulfide + NH4.


arginine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.


arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid) via the intermediate compound ornithine.


cGMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.


cyclic-GMP-AMP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclic GMP-AMP + 2 H2O = AMP + GMP.


response to methylphenidate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylphenidate stimulus.


broad specificity neutral L-amino acid:basic L-amino acid antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: basic L-amino acid(in) + neutral L-amino acid(out) = basic L-amino acid(in) + neutral L-amino acid(out).


antiporter activity

Enables the active transport of a solute across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy. The reaction is: solute A(out) + solute B(in) = solute A(in) + solute B(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + aminotriazole(in) = H+(in) + aminotriazole(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine(out) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(in) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine(in) + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(out).


monoatomic ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Any ion antiporter activity, occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-glutamate(out) + H+(in) = L-glutamate(in) + H+(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: histidine(out) + histamine(in) = histidine(in) + histamine(out).


amino acid:monoatomic cation antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + monoatomic cation(in) = solute(in) + monoatomic cation(out). Monoatomic cations include H+, Mg2+, Ca2+, etc.


aspartate:glutamate, proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + L-aspartate(in) + L-glutamate(out) = H+(in) + L-aspartate(out) + L-glutamate(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + polyamine(in) = H+(in) + polyamine(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: aspartate(out) + alanine(in) = aspartate(in) + alanine(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: lysine(out) + cadaverine(in) = lysine(in) + cadaverine(out).


ATP:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of ATP from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = ATP(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + L-alanine(in) = H+(in) + L-alanine(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + monoamine(in) = H+(in) + monoamine(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(out) + ADP(in) = ATP(in) + ADP(out).


bicarbonate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(in) + HCO3-(out) = solute(out) + HCO3-(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: GTP(out) + GDP(in) = GTP(in) + GDP(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acridine(in) = H+(in) + acridine(out).


calcium:sodium antiporter activity involved in regulation of cardiac muscle cell membrane potential

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in), which contributes to regulating the membrane potential of a cardiac muscle cell.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + acetylcholine(in) = H+(in) + acetylcholine(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycine(out) + H+(in) = glycine(in) + H+(out).


gamma-aminobutyric acid:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 4-aminobutanoate(out) + H+(in) = 4-aminobutanoate(in) + H+(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine(out) + putrescine(in) = agmatine(in) + putrescine(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: tyrosine(out) + tyramine(in) = tyrosine(in) + tyramine(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + fluconazole(in) = H+(in) + fluconazole(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + benomyl(in) = H+(in) + benomyl(out).


metal cation:monoatomic cation antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + Na+(in) = solute(in) + Na+(out).


ADP:inorganic phosphate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of ADP from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ADP(out) + inorganic phosphate(in) = ADP(in) + inorganic phosphate(out).


monoatomic ion antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential

Any ion antiporter activity, occurring in the presynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential.


Catalysis of the reaction: Na+(in) + Mg2+(out) = Na+(out) + Mg2+(in).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: oxoglutarate(out) + malate(in) = oxoglutarate(in) + malate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + tetracycline(in) = H+(in) + tetracycline(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + agmatine(in) = arginine(in) + agmatine(out).


urate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urate(out) + anion (in) = urate (in) + anion (out).


glutamate:gamma-aminobutyric acid antiporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutamate(out) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(in) = glutamate(in) + gamma-aminobutyric acid(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: tartrate(out) + succinate(in) = tartrate(in) + succinate(out).


3-sulfino-L-alanine: proton, glutamate antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: 3-sulfino-L-alanine (cysteinesulfinate) (out) + H+(in) + L-glutamate(in) = 3-sulfino-L-alanine(in) + H+(out) + L-glutamate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: citrate(out) + succinate(in) = citrate(in) + succinate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: putrescine(out) + ornithine(in) = putrescine(in) + ornithine(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + cycloheximide(in) = H+(in) + cycloheximide(out).


Catalysis of the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Mn2+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Mn2+(in).


Catalysis of the active transport of a potassium ion across a membrane by a mechanism whereby two or more species are transported in opposite directions in a tightly coupled process not directly linked to a form of energy other than chemiosmotic energy.


polyspecific organic cation:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of various organic cations in exchange for a proton, according to the reaction: H+(out) + organic cation(in) = H+(in) + organic cation(out). The transported substrates are usually toxic molecules, drugs and xenobiotics.


Enables the transport of L-aspartate and fumarate across a membrane according to the reaction L-aspartate (out) + fumarate (in) = L-aspartate (in) + fumarate (out).


calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + K+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + K+(out) + Na+(in).


calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


orotate:monoatomic anion antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: orotate(out) + anion (in) = orotate (in) + anion (out).


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA(out) + CoA(in) = acetyl-CoA(in) + CoA(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-lysine(out) + L-arginine(in) = L-lysine(in) + L-arginine(out).


calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any calcium:cation antiporter activity that is involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cystine(out) + glutamate(in) = cystine(in) + glutamate(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + azole(in) = H+(in) + azole(out). Azoles are heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + Na+(out) = Ca2+(out) + Na+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: arginine(out) + ornithine(in) = arginine(in) + ornithine(out).


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + fumarate(in) = succinate(in) + fumarate(out).


calcium:monoatomic cation antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Ca2+(in) + cation(out) = Ca2+(out) + cation(in).


regulation of photomorphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.


positive regulation of photomorphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.


caudal ganglionic eminence cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of caudal ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding

The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release.


'de novo' post-translational protein folding

The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent folding of newly formed polypeptides or folding intermediates of polypeptides that have exited the ribosome and/or have been stabilized and transferred by other chaperone proteins. This process could involve several cycles of ATP hydrolysis.


chaperone mediated protein folding independent of cofactor

The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of posttranslational proteins and does not depend on additional protein cofactors. This function occurs over one or more cycles of nucleotide-dependent binding and release.


C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12 to a C-X-C chemokine type 4 receptor (CXCR4) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


interleukin-10 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-10 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


somal translocation

The radial migration of cells from the ventricular zone that is independent of radial glial cells. Cells extend processes that terminate at the pial surface and follow the processes as they migrate.


gamma-tubulin complex localization

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


gamma-tubulin complex localization to cytoplasmic side of mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the cytoplasmic side of the mitotic spindle pole body.


gamma-tubulin complex localization to nuclear side of mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at the nuclear side of the mitotic spindle pole body.


gamma-tubulin complex localization to mitotic spindle pole body

Any process in which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location at a mitotic spindle pole body.


adventurous gliding motility

A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the rearward secretion of carbohydrate slime.


rhombomere 5 formation

The process that gives rise to rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


Catalysis of the reaction: a ubiquinone + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a ubiquinol + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein].


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 6-oxo-2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in magnetoreception

The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of torque on particles such as magnetite which respond to a magnetic field.


isoleucine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.


middle lamella

Layer of intercellular material, chiefly pectic substances, cementing together the primary walls of contiguous cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+ = 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + NADH + H+.


host outer membrane

The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites, occurring in a host cell.


host cell nuclear outer membrane

The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the host nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.


host cell outer membrane

A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the cell envelope, occurring in a host cell.