regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.


pyruvate oxidation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of pyruvate to acetylphosphate.


negative regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.


aspartic-type endopeptidase activity involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any aspartic-type endopeptidase activity that is involved in amyloid precursor protein catabolic process.


ornithine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


D-ribose 5-phosphate:D-fructose 6-phosphate transaldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 6-phosphate + D-ribose 5-phosphate <=> D-glycero-D-altro-octulose 8-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


response to nitrite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrite stimulus.


regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity. Vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-24 of any form of vitamin D.


ectoderm formation

The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation.


histone H4K16 propionyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + propionyl-CoA = CoA + H+ + histone H3 N6-propionyl-L-lysyl (position 16).


emboliform nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the emboliform nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


response to lipoprotein particle

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein particle stimulus.


negative regulation of metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


T-helper 2 cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 2 cell.


positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.


bitter taste receptor activity

Combining with soluble bitter compounds to initiate a change in cell activity. These receptors are responsible for the sense of bitter taste.


dihydrobiopterin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a dihydrobiopterin, a reduced pteridine derivative related to folic acid; it acts as an electron carrier in tyrosine biosynthesis and its quinoid form is produced by oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin in several biological hydroxylation reactions.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + lipopolysaccharide = UDP + 1,5 alpha-D-galactosyl-lipopolysaccharide.


bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swimming motility

Bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell through a liquid medium.


ionocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an ionocyte. Ionocytes are specialized epithelial cells that contribute to osmotic homeostasis.


structural constituent of peritrophic membrane

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the peritrophic membrane, a tubular sheath of cuticle that shields the epithelial cells of the midgut from the gut contents. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymethylsilanetriol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 2 H2O + formylsilanetriol.


neurogenesis

Generation of cells within the nervous system.


acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity

Selectively enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens upon binding acetylcholine.


bisphenol A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bisphenol A, 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, a synthetic, aromatic organic compound used as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and in the manufacture of epoxy resins.


positive regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.


Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP + 2 H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a thyroid hormone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + acyl-CoA = L-phosphatidate + CoA.


positive regulation of xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xenobiotic transmembrane export. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylneuraminate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminate + CoA.


catechol dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = a muconate.


MHC protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC protein complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CMP + a phosphatidylcholine.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


endonucleolytic cleaveage between LSU-rRNA and 4.5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


histone reader activity

A chromatin adaptor that recognizes specific forms of histones, either modified by a post-translational modification, or the unmodified form. Histone readers have roles in many processes, including in centromere function or in modulating the accessibility of cis-regulatory regions to the transcription machinery.


protein-membrane adaptor activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a protein or a protein complex with a membrane, or bringing together two membranes, either via membrane lipid binding or by interacting with a membrane protein, to establish or maintain the localization of the protein, protein complex or organelle.


positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine

The process in which the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream activates, maintains or increases the rate of heart contraction.


UDP-glucose-glycoprotein glucose phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycoprotein D-mannose + UDP-D-glucose = glycoprotein 6-(D-glucose-1-phospho)-D-mannose + UMP.


pyrogallol hydroxytransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene + 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene = 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene + 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene.


myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The modification of protein tyrosine to L-2',4',5'-topaquinone, characteristic of the active site of copper amine oxidases.


fumarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumarate, the anion of trans-1,2-ethenedicarboxylic acid, the diastereoisomer of maleate. It is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate.


linuron hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linuron + H2O <=> N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine + carbon dioxide + 3,4-dichloroaniline.


amine-lyase activity

Catalysis of the release of amines by the cleavage of a carbon-nitrogen bond or the reverse reaction with an amine as a substrate.


phosphoribokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP = D-ribose 1,5-diphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


class III/IV DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of an AP site 3' and 5' of the baseless site, generating a 3'-phosphate and a 5'-OH.


positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.


negative regulation of hydrolase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.


negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.


mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c

The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III.


alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-linolenic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.


physiological cardiac muscle hypertrophy

The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart muscle due to an increase in size of cardiac muscle cells without cell division. This process contributes to the developmental growth of the heart.


spermine:oxygen oxidoreductase (spermidine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.


homogalacturonan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogalacturonan, a pectidic polymer, characterized by a backbone of 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.


regulation protein catabolic process at postsynapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the postsynapse.


juxtaglomerulus cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the juxtaglomerulus cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


hepatocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of hepatocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Hepatocytes form the main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels

Regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the action of voltage-gated calcium ion channels.


NMN nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + nicotinamide mononucleotide = D-ribose 5-phosphate + H+ + nicotinamide.


hyperosmotic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


long-chain fatty acid transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a long-chain fatty acid from one side of a membrane to the other. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


regulation of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


heart rudiment formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment.


homocarnosine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gamma-aminobutyric acid + L-histidine + ATP = H+ + homocarnosine + ADP + hydrogenphosphate.


positive regulation of sporulation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.


cell migration in hindbrain

The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the hindbrain.


endothelial to hematopoietic transition

The generation of hematopoietic stem cells from hemogenic endothelial cells by a process that includes tight-junction dissolution and loss of cell polarity followed by delamination from the endothelium.


vitamin B6 binding

Binding to a vitamin B6 compound: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, or the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


uridine nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + uridine = ribofuranose + uracil.


determination of stimulus location

The determination of where on the body surface, within the body or in the environment a stimulus originates.


negative regulation of hepatocyte differentiation

Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.


chemoattraction of axon

The process in which a neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.


phenylmercury acetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.


prostanoid receptor activity

Combining with a prostanoid, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure, to initiate a change in cell activity.


homomethionine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.


flaviolin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: flaviolin-2-olate + NADH + H+ + O2 <=> mompain + NAD + H2O.


regulation of spindle elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.


paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


lutein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lutein.


bilirubin secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of bilirubin from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


negative regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.


pyridoxal kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pyridoxal = ADP + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.


dTTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dTTP + H2O = dTMP + H+ + diphosphate.


Catalysis of the cleavage of a beta-(1->4) bond in the backbone of a xyloglucan and transfers the xyloglucanyl segment on to O-4 of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue of an acceptor, which can be a xyloglucan or an oligosaccharide of xyloglucan.


threonine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.


dAMP salvage

Any process which produces a dAMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


glucomannan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-glucose as single side-units.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclooctat-9-en-5,7-diol + O2 + NADPH + H+ <=> cyclooctatin + H2O + NADP.


thymine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.


leukocyte migration involved in immune response

The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body as part of an immune response.


positive regulation of acute inflammatory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


suppression by symbiont of host programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


phosphoglucokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


formation of plant organ boundary

The regionalization process that specifies plant organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.


ATP:coenzyme F420 adenylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + factor gamma-F420-2 + H+ = coenzyme F390-A + diphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.


UDP-glucuronate 5'-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = UDP-L-iduronate.


regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).


proximal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


gibberellin A25,oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A25 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A13 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


plant organ senescence

A plant organ developmental process during which a plant dismantles cellular components to reclaim the cellular building blocks and nutrients that have been deposited in the plant organs during growth.


spermatocyte division

The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose, an ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the heptose. ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose (also called ADP-L-beta-D-heptose or ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose) is a nucleotide-sugar precursor of the inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose 7-phosphate.


positive regulation of macrophage tolerance induction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.


dehydroascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of dehydroascorbate, 5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2,3,4(5H)-trione, from one side of a membrane to the other.


histone H2AS121 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2A-serine (position 121) + ATP = histone H2A-phosphoserine (position 121) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 121 of histone H2A.


tRNA 3'-end processing

The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA.


amino acid adenylylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase

Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor.


retinal rod cell development

Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light.


ureter epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell in the urothelium. The urothelium is the epithelial tube of the ureter.


myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte.


cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.


regulation of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trans-synaptic signaling by endocannabinoid, modulating synaptic transmission.


cellular response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory epinephrine-norepinephrine

The process in which epinephrine-norepinephrine modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.


establishment of protein localization to mitochondrial membrane involved in mitochondrial fission

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the mitochondrial membrane that contributes to mitochondrial fission.


ecdysteroid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.


coenzyme A-peptidyl-cysteine covalent linking

The covalent linkage of coenzyme A and peptidyl-cysteine to form L-cysteine coenzyme A disulfide.


sebaceous gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sebaceous gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.


negative regulation of erythrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.


phenol, water dikinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenol + MgATP + H2O = phenylphosphate + MgAMP + orthophosphate.


cycloartenol 4alpha-methyl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cycloartenol + NADH + O2 + H+ <=> 4alpha-hydroxymethyl,4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-cholest-24-en-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


beta-lactam antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.


cell adhesion involved in prostatic bud elongation

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.


compound eye corneal lens morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the compound eye corneal lens are generated and organized.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in contact inhibition

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation in response to cell density.


NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of the ADP-ribose group of NAD+ to a residue in double-stranded DNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ = 3-methylsalicylate + NADH + H+.


toxic metabolite repair

A cellular process that, through single- or multi-step enzymatic reactions, repairs toxic endogenous compounds, formed as by-products of primary metabolism, by converting them into useful metabolites.


negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.


response to superoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, cytochrome as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a sulfur-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a cytochrome.


cellooligosaccharide binding

Binding to cellooligosaccharide.


adenosylselenohomocysteinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Se-Adenosyl-L-selenohomocysteine + H2O => Adenosine + Selenohomocysteine.


regulation of heat generation

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heat generation.


AV node cell to bundle of His cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from an AV node cardiac muscle cell to a bundle of His cardiomyocyte.


RNA guanosine-cytidine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-cytidine dinucleotide.


endocrine pancreas development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


agmatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)). Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase.


brexanolone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brexanolone.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 2 H+ + 2 e- + butyrolactone.


glucose catabolic process to pyruvate utilizing ADP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the utilization of ADP in the initial kinase reactions.


positive regulation of cell fate commitment

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.


plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon.


caprolactam catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid.


conditioned place preference

The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug.


RNA topoisomerase activity

Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual RNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in RNA.


L-propargylglycine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate = chloride + H+ + L-propargylglycine.


transmission of nerve impulse

The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission.


cellular response to nonane

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nonane stimulus.


alkanesulfonate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.


positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator.


regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


microtubule severing

The process in which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments. Severing enzymes remove dimers from the middle of the filament to create new ends, unlike depolymerizing kinesins that use ATP to uncap microtubules at their ends.


pentachlorophenol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.


nonphotochemical quenching

The process by which excess light energy absorbed by chlorophyll and not used to drive photosynthesis is emitted as heat. This process helps maintain the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage.


cellular catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.


thioester biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a thioester, a compound of general formula RC(=O)SR' in which the linking oxygen in an ester is replaced by a sulfur atom. They are the product of esterification between a carboxylic acid and a thiol.


insulin-like growth factor receptor activity

Combining with insulin-like growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


glomerular mesangial cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glomerular mesangial cell.


cell death

Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as part of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


secondary active p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate is the anion of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamic acid.


cellular response to nutrient

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.


regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


negative regulation of cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 5-formylcytosine + succinate + CO2.


prolactin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prolactin, a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that promotes lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ubiquinol-n + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


IDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.


negative T cell selection

The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.


cellular response to interleukin-2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-2 stimulus.


regulation of iodide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.


astaxanthin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving astaxanthin.


multicellular organism adhesion to substrate

The attachment of a multicellular organism to a surface or material.


response to caffeine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell extravasation.


electron transporter, transferring electrons from cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II activity

Enables the directed movement of electrons from the cytochrome b6/f complex of photosystem II.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


pullulan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.


eosinophil fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an eosinophil cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization

The process by which the mitochondrial outer membrane becomes permeable to the passing of proteins and other molecules from the intermembrane space to the cytosol as part of the apoptotic signaling pathway.


poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(glycerol phosphate) teichoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanol + NADP+ = 3-methylbutanal + NADPH + H+. 3-methylbutanal is also known as isovaleraldehyde.


response to light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol or related substance acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


trace-amine receptor activity

Combining with a trace amine to initiate a change in cell activity. Trace amines are biogenic amines that are synthesized from aromatic amino acids and are substrates for monoamine oxidase, and are therefore detectable only at trace levels in mammals.


embryonic genitalia morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.


ricinine nitrilase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + ricinine = NH3 + 3-carboxy-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone.


negative regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.


diiodotyrosine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + L-glutamate.


nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


negative regulation of anion channel activity by blue light

Any process in which blue light stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.


regulation of leukocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate = ADP + 1D-myo-inositol bisdiphosphate tetrakisphosphate.


maintenance of protein location in cell cortex

A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway.


xylose catabolic process to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose, an aldopentose, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.


PSII associated light-harvesting complex II binding

Binding to a PSII associated light-harvesting complex II.


basidiospore formation

The process in which spores form outside a specialized end cell known as a basidium. Basidia are characteristic of the basidiomycete fungi (phylum Basidiomycota), and give rise to spores that each contain a haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis. The spores are usually attached to the basidium by short spikes called sterigmata (singular: sterigma). In most basidiomycetes there are four sterigmata (and four spores) to a basidium.


negative regulation of cardioblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation.


heteroduplex formation

The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.


regulation of wax biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


hydroxylysine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.


mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in kidney development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesenchymal cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: maltose(out) + H+(out) = maltose(in) + H+(in).


protein-fructosamine 3-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a [protein]-N6-D-fructosyl-L-lysine <=> ADP + H+ + a [protein]-N6-(3-O-phospho-D-fructosyl)-L-lysine.


peptidyl-lysine 3-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-lysine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = protein 3-hydroxy-L-lysine + succinate + CO2.


intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an intermediate mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a myeloid cell, a cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.


cellular detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in a cell. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


pronephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.


renal tubule development

The progression of the renal tubule over time from its formation to the mature form. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis.


protein retention in ER lumen

The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER.


trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + NADP+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H+.


tartrate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tartrate + H+ = D-glycerate + CO2.


positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


NEDD8 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the initiation of the NEDD8 (RUB1) conjugation cascade.


immune response in Peyer's patch

Immune response taking place in the Peyer's patch, nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine.


vestibulocochlear nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.


lysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


fibrinolysis

A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on superoxide radicals as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a superoxide radical (O2- or O2.-) acts as a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.


ferredoxin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.


positive regulation of reverse cholesterol transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reverse cholesterol transport.


regulation of L-threonine import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-threonine import into cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diaminopropionate + H2O = pyruvate + 2 NH3.


short nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a short nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical and superficial glomeruli, are situated entirely in the outer medulla, and have no thin ascending limb.


structural constituent of postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


negative regulation of cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.


propionate metabolic process, methylcitrate cycle

The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylcitrate cycle.


nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> (+)-sesaminol 2-O-beta-D-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-choline + sphingosine = CMP + H+ + sphingosyl-phosphocholine.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


exit from diapause

The dormancy process that results in exit from diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.


18-hydroxyoleate peroxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 18-hydroxyoleate + a lipid hydroperoxide <=> 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxystearate + a lipid alcohol.


regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidative stress.


(R)-limonene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = (4R)-limonene + diphosphate.


positive regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (RS)-norcoclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (RS)-coclaurine.


positive regulation of response to propan-1-ol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to propan-1-ol.


N-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acetyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition

The identification of lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix.


interleukin-13 production

The appearance of interleukin-13 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-arogenate = L-glutamate + prephenate.


negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


ferredoxin hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+ = 2 oxidized ferredoxin + H2.


encapsulation of foreign target

Events resulting in the formation of a multilayered cellular sheath surrounding an invader and thus preventing its development. This defense mechanism is often seen in insects in response to nematodes or parasitoids, which are too large to be phagocytosed by individual hemocytes. In some organisms the capsule is blackened due to melanization.


glossopharyngeal nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the glossopharyngeal nerve is generated and organized. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


transition between fast and slow fiber

The process of conversion of fast-contracting muscle fibers to a slower character. This may involve slowing of contractile rate, slow myosin gene induction, increase in oxidative metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.


3-oxo-myristoyl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxotetradecanoyl-CoA + H2O <=> 3-oxo-myristate + coenzyme A + H+.


ganglioside biosynthetic process via lactosylceramide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gangliosides that begins with the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta-(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group.


response to sterol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sterol stimulus.


positive regulation of erythrocyte aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.


The formylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-formylglycine.


G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


negative regulation of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or maintenance of bipolar cell polarity regulating cell shape.


sucrose:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sucrose(out) + monovalent cation(out) = sucrose(in) + monovalent cation(in).


positive regulation of monocyte aggregation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte aggregation.


negative regulation of eosinophil extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.


histone H2A-K5 acetylation

The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.


sequoyitol galactinol:D-galactosylononitol galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-5-O-methyl-myo-inositol + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol <=> D-galactosylononitol + myo-inositol.


synaptic vesicle coating

The formation of clathrin coated pits in the presynaptic membrane endocytic zone, triggered by the presence of high concentrations of synaptic vesicle components. This process leads to, but does not include budding of the membrane to form new vesicles.


protein K29-linked ubiquitination

A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 29 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K29-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.


gastrulation involving germ band extension

A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification.


regulation of myoblast proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation.


positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


G protein-coupled glucose receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular glucose molecule and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


positive regulation of formation of radial glial scaffolds

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of radial glial cell scaffolds.


hydroxypyruvate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glycerate + NADP+ = hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.


oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in some oligosaccharides produced from starch and glycogen by alpha-amylase, and in isomaltose. Releases a free alpha-D-glucose.


regulation of blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling pathway

A series of reactions within the cell that occur as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound interacting with a chemoreceptor resulting in a modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.


germacrene-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = (+)-(R)-germacrene A + diphosphate.


putrescine acetylation

The modification of putrescine by addition of acetyl groups.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell of the prostate.


chitin-based cuticle sclerotization by protein cross-linking

The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle by protein cross-linking, and the incorporation of phenolic precursors. This mechanism of cuticle hardening occurs in insects and is usually accompanied by darkening of the cuticle.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration.


rRNA modification

The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


distal stomach smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the distal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The distal stomach is composed of the lower body and antrum and develops strong peristaltic phasic contractions that increase in amplitude as they propagate toward the pylorus.


regulation of myofibroblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


protein localization to ciliary inversin compartment

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary inversin compartment.


cellular response to chloroquine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chloroquine stimulus.


regulation of germ cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.


positive regulation of anther dehiscence

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anther dehiscence.


positive regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that increases the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


immunoglobulin binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin.


axonal defasciculation

Separation of axons away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.


positive regulation of pupariation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of onset of pupariation.


positive regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.


fatty alcohol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty alcohol.


Catalysis of the reaction: nicotinate + UDP-D-glucose = O-D-glucosylnicotinate + UDP.


DNA repair complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a DNA repair complex.


negative regulation of anoikis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.


organic phosphonate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Synthesis of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.


NAD(P)+ nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + H2O = ADP-ribose(P) + nicotinamide.


guanosine salvage

Any process that generates guanosine, guanine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


pteridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


pronephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron proximal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


esophagus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an esophagus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis

Any lymphoid lineage cell migration into thymus that is involved in thymus epithelium morphogenesis.


prostaglandin-I synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin I(2).


N-formyl peptide receptor activity

Combining with an N-formyl peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


A phytochelatin metabolic process in which a metal and exogenous sulfur are incorporated with phytochelatin to form a complex.


epithelial cell migration involved in mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis

The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to mesonephric distal tubule morphogenesis.


specification of floral organ identity

The process in which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


D-dopachrome decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-dopachrome + H+ = 5,6-dihydroxyindole + CO2.


regulation of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic DNA damage checkpoint.


Catalyzes the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + [protein]-L-arginine + O2 = [protein]-(3R)-3-hydroxy-L-arginine + CO2 + succinate.


naphthalene hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of naphthalene to naphthalene 1,2-oxide.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling involved in prostate induction

Signaling at short range from urogenital sinus mesenchymal cells to cells of the urogenital epithelium resulting in the epithelial cells adopting a prostatic fate.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance.


cell migration involved in somitogenic axis elongation

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that contributes to somitogenic axis elongation.


gossypetin 8-methyl ester 3'-O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-8-methoxyflavon-3-olate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> gossypetin 3',8-dimethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


negative regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.


tungsten incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

The incorporation of tungsten into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).


positive regulation of forward locomotion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of forward locomotion.


regulation of peptide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


tubulin-dependent ATPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of a tubulin dimer to accelerate release of ADP and phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: pentachlorophenol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = tetrachlorohydroquinone + NADP+ + chloride.


L-galactose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+.


protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase type II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-sulfocatechol + O2 = 3-sulfomuconate.


tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trichloroethene + chloride + acceptor = tetrachloroethene + reduced acceptor.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


regulation of cholesterol efflux

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.


butyrate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.


organosilicon catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organosilicons, any organic compound that contains silicon.


camera-type eye development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.


vasoconstriction of artery involved in ischemic response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

The vasoconstriction that is triggered by vasomotor excitation resulting from the detection of high carbon dioxide levels in the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.


positive regulation of defense response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.


gibberellin 12 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.


phytanic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytanic acid.


microtubule organizing center localization

Any process in which the microtubule organizing center is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


otolith formation

The process that gives rise to an otolith. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


lung development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.


bronchus development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


Group II intron splicing

The splicing of Group II introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group II introns and containing splice site consensus sequences, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions (mechanistically similar to those for splicing of nuclear mRNAs) initiated by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat.


RNA nucleotide insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of one or more nucleotides.


L-lysine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-lysine is 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate binding

Binding to inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate.


eoxin D4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: eoxin C4 = eoxin D4 + 5-L-glutamyl amino acid.


cell wall modification

The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly.


5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = ribose 1,5 bisphosphate + phosphate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADP+ + phosphate = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + H+ + NADPH.


Atg12 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ATG12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ATG12 + Y = Y-ATG12 + X, where both X-ATG12 and Y-ATG12 are covalent linkages.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-succinylglutathione + H2O = glutathione + H+ + succinate.


mitochondrial tRNA modification

The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a mitochondrial tRNA molecule to produce a mitochondrial tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


bone cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bone cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


negative regulation of heart rate by acetylcholine

The process in which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells and decreases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


retinoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.


extracellular polysaccharide catabolic process involved in ascospore release from ascus

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides in the ascus wall that contributes to the release of ascospores from the ascus.


regulation of mitotic spindle checkpoint

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle checkpoint.


Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl group to the N6 nitrogen atom on a lysine residue of a peptide or protein molecule.


ligand-gated sodium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


platelet activating factor production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


positive regulation of germ cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3 H+ + methyl-1,4-benzoquinone + NADPH = methyl-1,4-benzoquinol + NADP.


L-lysine alpha-aminotransferase

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + pyruvate= epsilon-amino-alpha-ketocaproic acid (KAC) + alanine.


DNA photolyase activity

Catalysis of the repair of a photoproduct resulting from ultraviolet irradiation of two adjacent pyrimidine residues in DNA.


positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway

Any positive regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system that is involved in hydrogen peroxide mediated signaling pathway.


L-rhamnonate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-rhamnonate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + H2O.


nucleobase-containing compound kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP or GTP, to a nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or polynucleotide substrate.


bile acid conjugation

The process in which bile acids are covalently linked to taurine or glycine.


inositol tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + ADP.


methylmercury biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal.


bile-acid-CoA transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deoxycholoyl-CoA + cholate = deoxycholate + choloyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + trans-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA + lysine in peptide = CoA + N-2-hydroxyisobutyryl-lysine-peptide.


cellular process

Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + nicotinamide mononucleotide = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H+ + nicotinamide.


membrane bending activity

The activity of bending or deforming a membrane. This activity can occur by multiple mechanisms including the insertion amphipathic domains into one or both leaflets.


shamixanthone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of shamixanthone.


amino acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + H+(out) = amino acid(in) + H+(in).


pH elevation

Any process that increases the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a monocarboxylic acid amide + H2O = a monocarboxylate + NH3.


glandular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.


fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, epimerase pathway

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to cis-2-enoyl-CoA through one more cycle of the core beta-oxidation pathway. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA cannot be completely degraded via the core beta-oxidation pathway because hydratation of cis-2-enoyl-CoA yields D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, which is not a substrate for 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA must enter the so-called epimerase pathway, which involves converting D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA by 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA epimerase or by two stereo-specific enoyl-CoA hydratases. L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA then returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


The trimethylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N,N,N-trimethylserine.


response to nitrate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.


extracellular matrix-granule cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that mediates the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to granule cell precursors resulting in a decrease in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.


cell proliferation involved in neural plate elongation

The process of expansion of cell numbers in the neural plate due to cell division of progenitor cells preferentially in the rostrocaudal direction, resulting in the elongation of the tissue.


negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


superinfection exclusion

The process by which a preexisting viral infection prevents a secondary infection with the same or a closely related virus. Typically some aspect of viral entry is inhibited, but post entry mechanisms have also been documented.


craniofacial suture closure

The process of fusing together the edges of a craniofacial suture.


rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by the excitation of rhodopsin by a photon, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


negative regulation of cholesterol transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


structural molecule activity conferring elasticity

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex or assembly within or outside a cell, providing elasticity and recoiling.


peptidoglycan cross-bridge peptide endopeptidase activity

A peptidoglycan endopeptidase activity that acts on a peptidoglycan cross-bridge.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine + 2 NAD+ + H2O = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosaminuronate + 2 NADH + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + UDP-D-galactose = 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H+ + UDP.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-talose + NAD(P)H + H+.


anther wall tapetum formation

The process that gives rise to the anther wall tapetum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The anther wall tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.


positive regulation of crystal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.


(deoxy)adenylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + dAMP = ADP + dADP.


camphene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate <=> (-)-camphene + diphosphoric acid.


chorismate lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chorismate = 4-hydroxybenzoate + pyruvate.


meiotic drive

A biological process that results in the unequal transmission of alleles, haplotypes, or chromosomes from a parental genome to gametes. In the absence of meiotic drive, the two copies of each gene or chromosome in a diploid organism are transmitted to offspring with equal probability, whereas meiotic drive results in overrepresentation of the driving allele among the surviving products of meiosis.


synaptic target recognition

The process in which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses.


perturbation of host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway

Any process in which the symbiont alters a host G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


RNA strand annealing activity

An activity that facilitates the formation of a complementary double-stranded RNA molecule.


DIMBOA glucoside beta-D-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2R)-DIMBOA glucoside + H2O = H+ + DIMBOA + beta-D-glucose.


cardiac muscle myoblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of cardiac muscle myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a cardiac muscle myoblast cell population. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life.


meiotic cell cycle phase

One of the distinct periods or stages into which the meiotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.


positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


cellular response to ozone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.


endosperm cellularization

The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization.


RNA 3' uridylation

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of uridylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: taurine(out) + Na+(out) = taurine(in) + Na+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-N-debenzoyltaxol + benzoyl-CoA = H+ + paclitaxel + coenzyme A.


alcohol-forming long-chain fatty acyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH = a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + CoA + 2 NADP+. A long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


neural crest formation

The formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.


response to interleukin-8

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-8 stimulus.


regulation of leaf formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leaf formation.


sorbose reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol + NADP+ = L-sorbose + H+ + NADPH. The reaction may occur, to a minor extent, in the reverse direction.


L-glutamate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


de novo centriole assembly via blepharoplast

A de novo centriole assembly process observed in multi-ciliated sperm cells of some primitive land plants, and where centrioles are formed from a blepharoplast, ultimately giving rise to multiple cilia on the sperm surface.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + trans-zeatin <=> H+ + trans-zeatin-7-N-glucoside + UDP.


negative regulation of cell budding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.


monoatomic anion:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: anion(out) + cation(out) = anion(in) + cation(in).


eggshell formation

Construction of the eggshell, a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration.


radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


interleukin-4 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-4 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


metanephric capsule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric capsule are generated and organized. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.


positive regulation of formation of structure involved in a symbiotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.


positive regulation of membrane hyperpolarization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane hyperpolarization.


negative regulation of arginase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of arginase activity.


phenylacetone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + phenylacetone = benzyl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


endocardial cushion cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cushion cell.


modulation by symbiont of host process

The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism.


histone H2A deubiquitinase activity

A histone deubiquitinase that cleaves ubiquitin from a histone H2A protein to which it is conjugated.


regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste.


malonyl-CoA synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonate + ATP + coenzyme A = malonyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate.


transition between slow and fast fiber

The process of conversion of slow-contracting muscle fibers to a faster character. This may involve increasing of contractile rate, fast myosin gene induction, increase in glycolytic metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.


double stranded viral RNA replication

A viral genome replication process where the template genome is double stranded RNA (dsRNA). Genomic dsRNA is first transcribed into single-stranded (ss) mRNA, which is then replicated to ds-genomic RNA.


gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.


genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host signal transduction pathway

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a host signal transduction pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.


leukocyte proliferation

The expansion of a leukocyte population by cell division.


1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n) = UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan](n+1).


chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process

The elongation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of chondroitin sulfate.


protein O-GlcNAcylation via threonine

The glycosylation of a protein by addition of N-acetylglucosamine via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-N-acetylglucosamine-L-threonine.


leukotriene A4 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene A4.


cellular response to actinomycin D

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an actinomycin D stimulus.


regulation of growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine, forming homocysteine and then methionine.


vacuolar sequestering of sodium ion

The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.


positive regulation of iridophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


plantlet formation on parent plant

The process in which a new plantlet develops from a meristem on the plant body. As part of this process, when the plantlet is large enough to live independently, the physical connection between the new plantlet and the main plant is severed.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine.


phenanthrene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon used in explosives and in the synthesis of dyes and drugs. Although phenanthrene is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, it has been shown to be toxic to marine diatoms, gastropods, mussels, crustaceans, and fish.


beta-alanyl-dopamine hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-beta-alanyl dopamine + H2O = dopamine + beta-alanine.


regulation of response to pullulan

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to pullulan.


Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.


negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cGAS/STING signaling pathway.


antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis

Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.


follicular dendritic cell activation involved in immune response

A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


regulation of nucleobase-containing compound transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


positive regulation of TORC1 signaling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TORC1 signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta,psi-caroten-8'-al + O2 <=> all-trans-retinal + 2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-trienedial.


DNA replication proofreading

Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity.


suppression by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response

Any process in which a symbiont stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


tRNA-dihydrouridine17 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5,6-dihydrouracil17 in tRNA + NAD(P) = H+ + a uracil17 in tRNA + NAD(P)H.


regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.


regulation of chaperone-mediated protein folding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chaperone-mediated protein folding.


apoptotic process in bone marrow cell

The apoptotic process in cells in the bone marrow.


negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that prevents the establishment or decreases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + oxalyl-CoA = CO2 + formyl-CoA.


response to xylene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xylene stimulus.


irritable aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target.