negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


negative regulation of pharyngeal pumping

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pharyngeal pumping.


guanosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.


response to camptothecin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus.


phloem development

The formation of the principal food-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.


cardiac left atrium morphogenesis

The process in which the left cardiac atrium is generated and organized.


GTPase-dependent fusogenic activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A GTPase activity that mediates the joining two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.


proline binding

Binding to proline.


cell-matrix adhesion involved in ameboidal cell migration

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix that contributes to the directed movement of an ameboid cell.


negative regulation of glucomannan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucomannan catabolic process.


fungal-type cell wall chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of fungal cells.


DNA alkylation

The addition of alkyl groups to many positions on all four bases of DNA. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming nucleotides in the course of DNA synthesis.


reactive nitrogen species metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive nitrogen species.


positive regulation of type 2 immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response.


alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannose residue to an oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6) linkage.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + nororientaline.


chemoattraction of serotonergic neuron axon

The process in which a serotonergic neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal.


mitochondrion distribution

Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of mitochondria between and within cells.


laminaribiose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-D-glucosyl-D-glucose + phosphate = D-glucose + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


autophagosome membrane docking

The initial attachment of an autophagosome membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.


pentose catabolic process to ethanol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbons, where one of the resulting products is ethanol.


long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction

Any process that results in an increase in the efficacy of transmission at a neuromuscular synapse.


microtubule anchoring at centrosome

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a centrosome.


inductive cell-cell signaling between paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors

Short range signaling between cells of the paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors in the spinal cord that specifies the fate of the motor column neuron precursors along the anterior-posterior axis.


nucleoside-specific channel forming porin activity

Enables the energy independent passage of nucleoside, sized less than 1000 Da, across a membrane. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


regulation of inflorescence meristem growth

Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of an inflorescence meristem.


negative regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.


cellular response to plumbagin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a plumbagin stimulus.


positive regulation of platelet activation

Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.


maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


Catalysis of the reaction: norspermine + oxygen + H2O = norspermidine + 3-aminopropanal + hydrogen peroxide.


positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development.


regulation of translational fidelity

Any process that modulates the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.


negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that reduces the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.


maintenance of floral organ identity

The process in which the identity of a floral organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


backward locomotion

Posterior movement of an organism, e.g. following the direction of the tail of an animal.


regulation of chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.


establishment of epithelial cell polarity

The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization of an epithelial cell.


elaioplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an elaioplast, a leucoplast in which oil is stored.


anterior region determination

Specification of the anterior (head and thoracic segments) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of hunchback gene product.


establishment of neuroblast polarity

The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.


sorbitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


phenylpropanoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.


cytoophidium organization

A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cytoophidium. Cytoophidia are mesoscale, intracellular, filamentous structures that contain metabolic enzymes.


structural constituent of cuticle

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cuticle.


single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate

A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.


response to lapatinib

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lapatinib stimulus.


chloral hydrate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: chloral hydrate = 3 H+ + 2 e- + trichloroacetate, and chloral hydrate + H2 = H2O + trichloroethanol.


maintenance of right sidedness

The organization process that preserves the right sidedness in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


chlorobenzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with a chlorine atoms attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid that is manufactured for use as a solvent. It quickly evaporates in the air and is degraded by hydroxyl radicals that are produced photochemically. The gas acts as a source of ClOx, which helps in the breakdown of stratospheric ozone.


positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that enhances the establishment or increases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


detection of hormone stimulus

The series of events in which a hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


cell communication

Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + (2S,3R,6S,9S)-(-)-protoillud-7-ene.


inductive cell-cell signaling

Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetate + ATP + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA.


trypanothione metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.


positive regulation of endothelial cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.


FasL biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fas ligand (FasL or CD95L), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.


axial mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the axial mesoderm are generated and organized.


fumiquinazoline C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the indole alkaloid fumiquinazoline C.


Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactoside = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactosyl derivative + CMP + H+.


disruption by symbiont of host cell envelope

The process by which a symbiont breaks down the cell wall of its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methylethanolamine phosphate + CTP = CDP-N-methylethanolamine + diphosphate.


protein-phosphocysteine-glucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + glucosamine (out) = protein cysteine + glucosamine-6-phosphate (in).


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.


chemorepulsion involved in precerebellar neuron migration

The creation and reception of signals that repel a precerebellar neuron as a component of the process of tangential migration.


lipoprotein particle binding

Binding to a lipoprotein particle. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.


salicylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.


AMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


L-threonine catabolic process to propionate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-threonine (the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound propionate.


cellular response to L-phenylalanine derivative

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-phenylalanine derivative stimulus.


heptadec-1-ene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving heptadec-1-ene.


acetoin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.


CDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.


response to miconazole

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a miconazole stimulus.


O-glycan processing, core 5

The stepwise addition of carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative residues to the initially added O-linked residue (usually GalNAc) to form the core 5 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-(1->3)-GalNAc.


sequestering of BMP from receptor via BMP binding

Binding to a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the extracellular region, and inhibiting BMP signaling by preventing BMP from binding to its cell surface receptor.


malonate(1-) transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of malonate(1-) from one side of a membrane to the other.


nerve growth factor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by nerve growth factor (NGF) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching

The process in which a lung bud bifurcates.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.


tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tyrosine = NH4 + trans-4-coumarate.


receptor diffusion trapping

The process by which a membrane receptor, diffusing freely within the plasma membeane, becomes trapped in some plasma membrane region. This can happen when a receptor bind, directly or indirectly, to some component of the underlying matrix.


purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA integrity checkpoint signaling.


5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues.


ABC-type guanine transporter activity

Catalyses the reaction: ATP + H2O + guanine(out) = ADP + phosphate + guanine(in).


threonine-type endopeptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


indoleacetamide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetamide + H2O = indole-3-acetate + NH3. Indole-3-acetamide is known as IAM and indole-3-acetate as IAA.


mismatch repair complex binding

Binding to a mismatch repair complex.


ABC-type glycerol-3-phosphate transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + glycerol-3-phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + glycerol-3-phosphate(in).


macrophage differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage.


4-hydroxyproline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-demethylmenaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = menaquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine, where metabolism is linked to CoA.


parahippocampal gyrus development

The progression of the parahippocampal gyrus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The parahippocampal gyrus is a ridge in the cerebral cortex.


positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cold-induced thermogenesis.


structural constituent of synapse

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a synapse.


dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

The process in which a dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.


protein carrier chaperone

Binding to and carrying a protein between two different cellular components by moving along with the target protein.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin <=> UDP + 4-O- beta -D-glucosyl-daphnetin + H+.


clustering of voltage-gated calcium channels

The process in which voltage-gated calcium channels become localized together in high densities.


cytochrome bo3 ubiquinol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ubiquinol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2 ubiquinone + 2 H2O + 4 H+ [periplasmic space].


plasma membrane raft organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane rafts.


regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


adhesion of symbiont infection cushion to host

The attachment of an infection cushion of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


maintenance of protein location in extracellular region

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within the extracellular region and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


ribose 1,5-bisphosphate phosphokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 1,5-diphosphate + ATP = 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + ADP + H+.


peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine

The modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA).


D-galacturonate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactonate + NADP = aldehydo-D-galacturonate + NADPH + H+.


histone H4 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H4 = CoA + acetyl-histone H4.


regulation of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osmolarity-sensing cation channel activity.


thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


cellular response to sodium arsenite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium arsenite stimulus.


thiosulfate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-decylubiquinone + 2 thiosulfate = 6-decylubiquinol + tetrathionate.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


retrograde extension

The progression of a neuronal projection over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin

The process in which endothelin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. Endothelin is a hormone that is released by the endothelium, and it is a vasoconstrictor.


DNA synthesis involved in double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing

The synthesis of DNA that contributes to the process of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.


habenula development

The progression of the habenula over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The habenula is the group of nuclei that makes up the stalk of the pineal gland.


acyl-glucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acyl-glucuronoside + H2O = an alcohol + D-glucuronate.


response to isoquinoline alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.


regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity

Any process that modulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase.


dendritic cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a dendritic cell, a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.


ncRNA 5'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of a non-coding RNA molecule.


negative regulation of developmental vegetative growth

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental vegetative growth.


transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding

Binding to a nucleic acid region that regulates a nucleic acid-based process. Such processes include transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair.


cerebellar molecular layer structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.


Notch signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

Any Notch signaling pathway that is involved in somitogenesis.


[acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] = ADP + [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] phosphate.


cilium attachment to cell body

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the lateral attachment of the cilium to the cell body via the flagellar attachment zone in some trypanosomatid species.


fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.


CDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP + H2O = CMP + phosphate.


Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue from dolichyl-phosphate D-glucose into a membrane lipid-linked oligosaccharide.


visceral muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


tobramycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tobramycin.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.


jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid.


fructokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate.


negative regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.


negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.


nopaline catabolic process to proline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline into other compounds, including proline.


lactate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactate, the anion of lactic acid.


monoamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), from one side of a membrane to the other.


tricuspid valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the tricuspid valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


capsanthin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of capsanthin.


regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate + H+ = L-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO2.


regulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase activity.


positive regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation involved in sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


glucosinolate glucohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a glucosinolate = alpha-D-glucose + a thiohydroximate-O-sulfate. Glucosinolates are a subclass of thioglucosides.


selenol Se-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R + Se-Adenosylselenomethionine => CH3-R + Se-Adenosyl-L-selenohomocysteine.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: urea(out) + Na+(out) = urea(in) + Na+(in).


pupal development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pupa is a dormant life stage interposed between the larval and the adult stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis.


somatotropin secreting cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.


response to L-phenylalanine derivative

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-phenylalanine derivative stimulus.


L-fuculose-phosphate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuculose 1-phosphate = (S)-lactaldehyde + glycerone phosphate.


cellular developmental process

A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.


maltose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: maltose + phosphate = D-glucose + beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate.


L-ascorbic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-ascorbate from one side of a membrane to the other. L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.


adenosine-tetraphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate + H2O = ATP + phosphate.


neural fold formation

The process in which the neural fold is formed. The edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove.


positive regulation of fat cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.


rectal diverticulum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rectal diverticulum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The rectal diverticulum is an outgrowth of the cloaca and links the pronephric kidney to the exterior.


choline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


positive regulation of aorta morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosarcinapterin.


myeloid dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrophloroglucinol + OH- = 3-hydroxy-5-oxohexanoate.


glial cell differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell of the amphid sensory organ.


Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-glucosyl-5-O-(caffeoylglucoside-3'-O-glucoside) + caffeoyl-CoA <=> gentiodelphin + coenzyme A.


positive regulation of hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + 17-alpha,20-alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one = NAD(P)H + H+ + 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.


endoplasmic reticulum tubular network maintenance

The organization process that preserves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network in a stable functional or structural state. The ER tubular network is the ER part that comprises the membranes with high curvature in cross-section.


positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.


maleylpyruvate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate = 3-fumarylpyruvate.


cytosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.


tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Tolerance induction in response to nonself antigens.


non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via JNK cascade

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the signal is passed on via the JNK cascade.


transcription regulator activity

A molecular function that controls the rate, timing and/or magnitude of gene transcription. The function of transcriptional regulators is to modulate gene expression at the transcription step so that they are expressed in the right cell at the right time and in the right amount throughout the life of the cell and the organism. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons.


positive regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.


icosanoyl-CoA synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: stearoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+ = icosanoyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 NAD(P)+.


venous blood vessel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart.


positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + H+ + pimelyl-CoA = 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + CO2 + CoA.


thiamine-phosphate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine phosphate = ADP + H+ + thiamine diphosphate.


xenobiotic catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


response to humidity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.


cellular response to progesterone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.


nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage. This assembly occurs before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.


negative regulation of renal phosphate excretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of renal phosphate excretion.


positive regulation of cardiac chamber formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.


branching involved in seminal vesicle morphogenesis

The process in which the branching structure of the seminal vesicle is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.


response to hyperoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.


negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


negative regulation of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of bud outgrowth involved in lung branching.


renal water homeostasis

Renal process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of water in the body.


dihydropteridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6,7-dihydropteridine, a bicyclic compound with the formula C6H6N4.


dendritic spine development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


response to oleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.


alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response

The process in which an antigenically naive alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.


protein localization to endosome

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an endosome.


transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.


glycerolipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.


memory T cell differentiation

The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell.


envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism.


histone H4K16 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein.


positive regulation of serotonin secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.


dedifferentiation

The process in which a specialized structure (cell, tissue or organ) loses structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these structures can revert back to the features of their ancestors.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host glycoprotein

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to a glycoprotein on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate + H+ = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2.


plus-end specific microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the plus end of a microtubule.


thyroid gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.


rejection of self pollen

The recognition and rejection of self pollen by cells in the stigma, mediated by the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 10-hydroxydihydrosanguinarine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydrochelirubine + H+.


histone arginine methylation

The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue.


tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-34 + H2O = inosine-34 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.


positive regulation of respiratory burst

Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


L-altrarate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-altrarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O.


regulation of shoot system morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot morphogenesis.


N-acetyllactosamine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = UDP + N-acetyllactosamine.


taurocyamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + taurocyamine = N-phosphotaurocyamine + ADP + 2 H+.


prothoracic disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the prothoracic disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a prothoracic imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult humerous and anterior spiracle.


terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, independent of mevalonate. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-independent biosynthesis, it is produced from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


suppression by virus of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


L-hydroxyproline transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of L-hydroxyproline from one side of a membrane to the other.


dTMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + O2 = 2 (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate + 2 CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys) = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-lysyl)-sn-glycerol + tRNA(Lys).


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acyl-CoA = phosphatidylcholine + CoA.


negative regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neural precursor cell proliferation.


intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


negative regulation of positive thymic T cell selection

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of positive thymic T cell selection.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + (5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoate = NADPH + H+ + (5Z,13E)-9-alpha-hydroxy-11,15-dioxoprosta-5,13-dienoate.


ribonuclease M5 activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5'- and 3'-termini of a 5S-rRNA precursor.


uracil biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.


deoxyribonuclease V activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage at apurinic or apyrimidinic sites to products with a 5'-phosphate.


pancreas field specification

The process in which a specific region of the gut is delineated into the area in which the pancreas will develop.


L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cystine reductase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cystine reductase.


globus pallidus development

The progression of the globus pallidus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The globus pallidus is one of the basal ganglia involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.


peptide receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular or intracellular peptide to initiate a change in cell activity.


peptidyl-lysine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-lysine.


cell communication by chemical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


negative regulation of nigerotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nigerotriose transport.


negative regulation of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of acetylcholine-gated cation channel activity.


negative regulation of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.


regulation of synaptic metaplasticity

A process that modulates synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.


shade avoidance

Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome.


intracellular lysine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of lysine within a cell.


mycothiol-arsenate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: arsenate + mycothiol <=> mycothiol-arsenate conjugate + H2O.


positive regulation of cell development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


cellular response to desipramine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desipramine stimulus.


negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


adenylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + AMP = 2 ADP.


convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation

The process of directed cell movement in the neural plate resulting in tissue elongation via intercalation of adjacent cells in an epithelial sheet at the midline, leading to narrowing and lengthening of the neural plate.


de novo centriole assembly involved in multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation

Centriole assembly in which a centriole arises de novo by a process involving an electron-dense structure known as a deuterosome, rather than by duplication of an existing centriole, and occurring as part of multi-ciliated epithelial cell differentiation.


cell migration

The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues.


negative regulation of pyroptosis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of pyroptosis.


response to decreased oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxymethyl)glutarate + NAD+ = 2-formylglutarate + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


positive energy taxis

The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.


chloroplast photosystem I binding

Binding to a chloroplast photosystem I.


immature T cell proliferation

The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division.


phytoalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade

Any process that initiates the clotting cascade of blood coagulation, a cascade of plasma enzymes that is triggered following damage to blood vessels, leading to formation of a clot.


protein localization to microtubule

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule.


negative regulation of intraciliary retrograde transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary retrograde transport.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phenanthrol + X-CH3 = X + 1-methoxyphenanthrene.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.


negative regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.


cellular response to disaccharide stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.


regulation of distal tip cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of distal tip cell migration.


sweat gland development

The progression of the sweat gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Sweat glands secrete an aqueous solution that is used in thermoregulation.


tolerance induction to lipopolysaccharide

Tolerance induction directed at lipopolysaccharide antigens.


glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + NADP+ = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: feruloyl-CoA + quinate = O-feruloylquinate + CoA.


negative regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


pyochelin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).


tubulin-glycine ligase activity

Catalysis of the posttranslational transfer of one or more glycine residues to a specific glutamate residue on a target tubulin molecule; acts on alpha or beta tubulin.


determination of sensory modality

The determination of the type or quality of a sensation. Sensory modalities include touch, thermal sensation, visual sensation, auditory sensation and pain.


cellular response to glucoside

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus.


neutral lipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.


fasciculation of motor neuron axon

The collection of motor neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


ethylene receptor activity

Combining with ethylene and transmitting the signal in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity.


7-oxateasterone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + teasterone + NADPH + O2 <=> 7-oxateasterone + NADP + H2O.


oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


myoblast fate determination involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + methylarsonite = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dimethylarsinate.


skeletal muscle fiber differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle fiber cell. Skeletal muscle fiber differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual skeletal muscle fibers fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-homocysteine + glycine betaine = N,N-dimethylglycine + L-methionine.


glucuronate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.


adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains

An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.


negative regulation of imaginal disc growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.


asparagine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.


positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


indolalkylamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.


N-methyl-L-amino-acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an N-methyl-L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = an L-amino acid + formaldehyde + H2O2.


actin filament fragmentation

The severing of actin filaments into numerous short fragments, usually mediated by actin severing proteins.


isoprene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylallyl diphosphate = diphosphate + isoprene.


regulation of cytokinesis, site selection

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of site selection that occurs as part of cytokinesis.


iron incorporation into hydrogenase diiron subcluster via L-cysteine ligation

The incorporation of iron into an L-cysteinyl diiron subcluster, found in Fe-hydrogenase.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.


regulation of cellular response to drug

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to drug.


regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


androgen catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.


N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N-carbamoyl-D-amino acid = CO2 + NH3 + D-amino acid.


peptide cross-linking via 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine

The modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.


inner ear receptor cell differentiation involved in inner ear sensory epithelium regeneration

Differentiation of new inner ear sensory hair cells to replace those lost or destroyed by injury.


arsenite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arsenite from one side of a membrane to the other.


quercetin gentiotrioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiotrioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> quercetin-3-gentiotetraside + UDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-diol = 9,10-anthraquinone + 4 H+ + 4 e-.


vetispiradiene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = diphosphate + vetispiradiene.


medulla oblongata morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the medulla oblongata is generated and organized. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.


leukocyte chemotaxis

The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus.


C-4 methylsterol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + 6 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 5 H+ + 3 O2 = 4-beta-hydroxymethyl-4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-beta-ol + 6 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 4 H2O.


regulation of glucuronoxylan catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucuronoxylan catabolic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + H2O = D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + acetate. This reaction is the second step of the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), used to anchor various eukaryotic proteins to the cell-surface membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glyoxylate + H+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + CO2.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation.


negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = H+ + 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2'-aminophenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate.


nail development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nail over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the outer end of a finger or toe, and consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it.


meiotic prophase II

The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.


regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.


ecdysone O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + palmitoyl-CoA = CoA + ecdysone palmitate.


agmatine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: agmatine + ATP = N(4)-phosphoagmatine + ADP + 3 H+.


glycosphingolipid binding

Binding to glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.


negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction.


negative regulation of muscle contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.


positive regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.


lipopolysaccharide binding

Binding to a lipopolysaccharide.


cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall polysaccharides.


mithramycin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mithramycin + NADP = mithramycin DK + NADPH + H+.


apical constriction

The actin-mediated process that results in the contraction of the apical end of a polarized columnar epithelial cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-methionine = 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


primary cell septum disassembly

Dissolution of the primary septum during cell separation.


modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

Any process in which an organism effects a change in the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a calcium channel in another organism.


interleukin-1, type I, activating receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-1 to initiate a change in cell activity via signaling pathways and mediated by adaptor proteins.


renal filtration

A renal system process in which fluid circulating through the body is filtered through a barrier system.


acetylputrescine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetylputrescine + H2O = acetate + putrescine.


methyl ethyl ketone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor.


positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


copper chaperone activity

Directly binding to and delivering copper ions to a target protein.


2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone 6C-glucoside dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-glucosyl-2,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone <=> H+ + 6C-hexosyl chrysin + H2O.


regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow

A process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow.


valine dehydrogenase (NADP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NADP+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADPH.


abscisic acid glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisate + UDP-D-glucose = abscisic acid glucose ester + UDP.


protein-lysine lysylation

The addition of lysine group to a lysine residue in a protein, producing N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine. This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


chlorophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.


detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.


quercetin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving quercetin.


negative regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycerone + phosphoenolpyruvate = glycerone phosphate + pyruvate.


cellular response to gibberellin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.


The methylation of a glutamine residue in proteins to form the peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative.


16S rRNA (guanine(1207)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1207) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


purine deoxyribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of deoxyribose exchange between purine deoxyribonucleoside as a donor and purine base as an acceptor.


negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.


enoyl-CoA hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-hydroxy-fatty acyl-CoA = a enoyl-CoA + H2O. This reaction usually occurs in the reverse direction, leading to the reduction of the double bound of enoyl-CoA in position 2 or 3. Specific reactions catalyzed include: a 4-saturated-(3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a (3E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O and a (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O.


methanopterin-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a methanopterin.


DNA methylation on cytosine within a CHH sequence

The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within an asymmetric CHH sequence in a DNA molecule. H stands for an adenine, cytosine, or thymine nucleotide.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 3-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + UDP.


cysteine dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + O2 = 3-sulfino-L-alanine + H+.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.


negative regulation of myofibroblast contraction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction.


ISG15 activating enzyme activity

Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier ISG15, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.


GCC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GCC codon.


regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.


replication fork processing

The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled is restored to a functional state and replication is restarted. The stalling may be due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes.


modulation by host of symbiont transcription

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont's transcription.


dendrite arborization

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic tree are generated and organized into dendritic branches.


regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.


enterocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an enterocyte.


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(3)-bis(5'-adenosyl) triphosphate + H2O = ADP + AMP + 2 H+.


mitochondrial transcription

The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase.


flavin-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a flavin, any derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + (5alpha)-campestan-3-one + O2 + NADPH <=> (5alpha,22S,24R)-22-hydroxyergostan-3-one + H2O + NADP.


neuron projection fasciculation

The collection of neuronal projections into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 7-methylthioheptylhydroximate <=> H+ + 6-methylthiohexyldesulfoglucosinolate + UDP.


polarity specification of proximal/distal axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the proximal/distal axis.


actinorhodin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of actinorhodin.


response to borneol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a borneol stimulus.


magnesium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell.


ubiquinone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.


FMN biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FMN, the oxidized form of flavin mononucleotide (riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)), which acts as a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.


ethanolamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).


dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.


negative regulation of signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.


dTDP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


Golgi ribbon formation

The formation of a continuous ribbon of interconnected Golgi stacks of flat cisternae.


negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate by Wnt signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.


Notch receptor processing, ligand-dependent

The proteolytic cleavages to the Notch protein that occur as a result of ligand binding. Ligand binding at the cell surface exposes an otherwise inaccessible cleavage site in the extracellular portion of Notch, which when cleaved releases a membrane-tethered form of the Notch intracellular domain. Subsequent cleavage within the transmembrane domain then leads to the release of the soluble Notch intracellular domain (NICD).


response to acadesine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acadesine stimulus.


oripavine 6-O-demethylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oripavine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> morphinone + formaldehyde + succinate + carbon dioxide.


acharan sulfate lyase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of a carbon-oxygen bond in acharan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with a uniformly repeating disaccharide structure of alpha-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-iduronic acid.


cellular response to biotin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotin stimulus.


cellular response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.


negative regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).


regulation of dopamine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.


aldosterone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.


single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate

A viral genome replication where the template is single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), and which proceeds via a double stranded DNA (dsDNA) intermediate molecule. Viral genomic RNA is first reverse transcribed into dsDNA, which integrates into the host chromosomal DNA, where it is transcribed by host RNA polymerase II.


emericellin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of emericellin.


aerobic beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane that occur in presence of oxygen.


basophil activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.


regulation of response to osmotic stress

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress.


rRNA binding

Binding to a ribosomal RNA.


sensory perception of itch

A sensory perception which causes the desire or reflex to scratch.


pelvic fin development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pelvic fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: succinate(out) + H+(out) = succinate(in) + H+(in).


regulation of gliogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.


calcitonin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide calcitonin.


hard palate morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a hard palate is generated and organized.


cellular component morphogenesis

The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized.


amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

The progression of an amphid sensory organ's neuronal dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point.


NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + deamido-NAD+ + L-glutamine + H2O = AMP + diphosphate + NAD+ + L-glutamate.


direct ossification

The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance, that does not require the replacement of preexisting tissues.


GATOR1 complex binding

Binding to a GATOR1 complex.


glial cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


aromatic amino acid family catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).


delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linoleate + O2 = A + crepenynate + 2 H2O.


male somatic sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a male organism's soma.


alpha,alpha-trehalase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha,alpha-trehalose + H2O = 2 D-glucose.


vesicle fusion

Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.


regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation.


N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


vasoconstriction of artery involved in baroreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure

A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.


neuron projection guidance

The process in which the migration of a neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


cell wall pectin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-dopa = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpyruvate + L-glutamate.


pteridine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.


kinin cascade

A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell that occur as a result of by-products of tissue damage, including collagen, cartilage, and basement membrane. The ultimate product of the kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.


detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio

The process in which the size of the nucleus with respect to its cytoplasm is sensed by a cell.


histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 H+ + N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl4-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the unmethylated lysine residue at position 4 of histone H3, producing histone H3K4me3.


phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + ATP + H2O = D-phenylalanine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


uracil transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N(4)-methylcytidine in rRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


mitochondrial mRNA modification

The covalent alteration within the mitochondrion of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


demethoxycurcumin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA + H2O <=> demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


peptide-acetyl-CoA secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of peptide-acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters.


thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5,3'-L-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + acceptor + H+ = L-thyroxine + donor-H2.


regulation of conidiophore stalk development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidiophore stalk development, a process that leads to the formation of a conidiophore stalk. The conidiophore stalk is part of a specialized hypha that extends aerially from the growth substrate and supports structures from which conidia, or asexual spores, develop.


regulation of opioid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of opioid receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran = 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde.


defense response by callose deposition

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine + ATP = 4-amino-2-methyl-5-phosphomethylpyrimidine + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in osteoblast differentiation.


cellular response to vitamin B2

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.


structural constituent of proteasome

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of the proteasome.


cochlear outer hair cell electromotile response

A rapid, force generating length change of an outer hair cell in response to electical stimulation. This occurs naturally as during hearing where it serves a source of mechanical amplification.


silicate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving silicates, the salts of silicic acids. Silicates are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.


microfibril binding

Binding to a microfibril, any small fibril occurring in biological material.


excitatory postsynaptic potential

A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


disruption by symbiont of host anatomical structure

The process in which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


olefinic compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an olefinic compound, any compound which contains a carbon-carbon double bond (aka C=C).


regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.


regulation of peroxidase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peroxidase activity.


pigment granule aggregation in cell center

The directed movement of dispersed pigment granules towards the center of the cell.


negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis.


erythromycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving erythromycin.


central tolerance induction

Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs: the thymus and bone marrow.


cloacal septation

The separation of the single opening of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, the cloaca, into multiple isolated openings during development.


perturbation of signal transduction in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in a signal transduction process - a cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell - in a second organism.


aspartate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.


vindoline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vindoline.


cellular alkyne metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkyne, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon (compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen) having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2, as carried out by individual cells.


myoblast fate commitment in trunk

The process taking place in the trunk whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-18:3-phosphatidylcholine + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)+ + H2O = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 NAD(P)H + 2 H+.


cellular response to brefeldin A

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.


GDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP + H2O = GMP + phosphate.


response to biotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.


peptidyl-glutamine methylation

The addition of a methyl group to a glutamine residue in a protein.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3alpha(S)-strictosidine.


alcohol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.


MAP-kinase scaffold activity

The binding activity of a molecule that functions as a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex. Binds multiple kinases of the MAPKKK cascade, and also upstream signaling proteins, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. Bringing together multiple enzymes and their substrates enables the signal to be transduced quickly and efficiently.


D-lysopine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-lysine + H+ + NADPH + pyruvate.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + 2-oxoglutarate = N-acetyl-2-L-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + L-glutamate.


Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Mo(VI)-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.


protein stearoylation

The covalent attachment of a stearoyl group to an amino acid in a protein.


regulation of androgen secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.


Catalysis of the reaction: ent-cassa-12,15-diene + O2 + NADPH + H+ = ent-11beta-hydroxycassa-12,15-diene + NADP+ + H2O.


gastric motility

The spontaneous peristaltic movements of the stomach that aid in digestion, moving food through the stomach and out through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum.


sulfur compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


regulation of lysosome size

Any process that modulates the size of a lysosome.


chitin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.


cell proliferation involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis

Any cell proliferation that is involved in endocardial cushion morphogenesis.


conversion of seryl-tRNAsec to selenocys-tRNAsec

The modification process that results in the conversion of serine, carried by a specialized tRNA(ser) (which can read a UGA anticodon), to selenocysteine.


regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.


glutamate synthase activity, NAD(P)H as acceptor

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(P)+ = L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinone = 7,9,7',9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + a quinol.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + trans-aconitate = (E)-2-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)but-2-enedioate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


regulation of shoot apical meristem development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.


helper T cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a helper T cell in response to an external stimulus.


regulation of ovulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: L-ascorbate(out) + Na+(out) = L-ascorbate(in) + Na+(in).


liposaccharide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving liposaccharide.


tRNA m6t6A37 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA containing N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine at position 37 = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N6-methylthreonylcarbamoyladenosine at position 37.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: trehalose(out) + H+(out) = trehalose(in) + H+(in).


trochlear nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, with copper protein as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a diphenol, or related compound, acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a copper protein.


defense response to tumor cell

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell that act to protect the cell or organism.


regulation of acute inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.


ERBB2-ERBB3 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a ERBB3 receptor on the surface of a cell, followed by transmission of the signal by a heterodimeric complex of ERBB2 and ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3. ERBB3 also has impaired kinase activity and relies on ERBB2 for activation and signal transmission.


(S)-nandinine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-scoulerine + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-nandinine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


adhesion between unicellular organisms

The attachment of two unicellular organisms to each other.


outflow tract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract are generated and organized. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries.


regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


protein guanylylation

The addition of phospho-guanosine to a protein amino acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + phytyl diphosphate + H+ = 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone + CO2 + diphosphate. 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone is also known as 2-methyl-6-phytylplastoquinol.


protein acetylation

The addition of an acetyl group to a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phosphoshikimate + phosphoenolpyruvate = 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-3-phosphoshikimate + phosphate.


regulation of T cell extravasation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.


positive regulation of fatty acid transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


interleukin-4 production

The appearance of interleukin-4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


acrosome assembly

The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi.


positive regulation of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of (Z)-nonadeca-1,14-diene biosynthetic process.


glucomannan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glucomannan.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + tetrahydropalmatine.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.