positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.


ceramide transfer activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Removes a ceramide from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle.


biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.


(25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate binding

Binding to (25S)-Delta(4)-dafachronate.


subpallium cell proliferation in forebrain

The multiplication or reproduction of subpallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling pathway involved in dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning.


rRNA acetylation

The modification of rRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to rRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.


thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.


Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + diphosphate = hypoxanthine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


UDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


regulation of norepinephrine uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine into a cell.


regulation of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of serine C-palmitoyltransferase activity.


iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide

The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide.


inositol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


disruption by symbiont of host cell-cell adhesion

The process by which a symbiont disupts cell-cell adhesion in its host.


negative regulation of turning behavior involved in mating

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of turning behavior involved in mating. Turning behavior is the sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.


neoxanthin synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-violaxanthin = all-trans-neoxanthin.


chaeta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the chaeta are generated and organized. A chaeta is a sensory multicellular cuticular outgrowth of a specifically differentiated cell.


urate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of urate from one side of a membrane to the other. Urate is the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


reduced coenzyme F420:quinone oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced coenzyme F420 + 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone = coenzyme F420 + reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Reduced 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is also known as 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-hydronaphthoquinone.


GTP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-RNA.


CoB--CoM heterodisulfide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + methanophenazine = N-{7-[(2-sulfoethyl)dithio]heptanoyl}-3-O-phospho-L-threonine + dihydromethanophenazine.


The formylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-formylproline.


protoheme IX farnesyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protoheme IX + (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = heme O + diphosphate.


regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


negative regulation of entry into reproductive diapause

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.


mesonephric glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus.


agglutination involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation with cellular fusion of a unicellular organism. An example of this process is agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


sequestering of mercury

The process of binding or confining toxic mercury ions or atoms such that they are separated from sensitive components of a biological system.


glycolipid transfer activity

Removes a glycolipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. A glycolipid is a compound usually containing 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid.


phenylmercury acetate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.


regulation of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac endothelial to mesenchymal transition.


peptidyl-tryptophan modification

The chemical alteration of a tryptophan residue in a peptide.


cerebellar Purkinje cell layer maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer to attain its fully functional state. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


[tyrosine 3-monooxygenase] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [tyrosine-3-monooxygenase] = ADP + phospho-[tyrosine-3-monooxygenase].


inferior olivary nucleus maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the inferior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


pulmonary valve development

The progression of the pulmonary valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of flocculation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.


pyridoxal oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxal + H2O + O2 = 4-pyridoxate + hydrogen peroxide.


AUA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUA codon.


trichloro-p-hydroquinone reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3,6-trichlorohydroquinone + 2 glutathione = 2,6-dichlorohydroquinone + glutathione disulfide + HCl.


glutathione transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: R-X + glutathione = H-X + R-S-glutathione. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrile or halide group.


immunoglobulin receptor activity

Combining with the Fc region of an immunoglobulin protein and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.


cellular response to pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


lymphocyte activation involved in immune response

A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxybenzothiazole + 1/2 O2 = 2,6,7-trihydroxybenzothiazole.


glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.


dicarboxylic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.


positive regulation of heart looping

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart looping.


prephenate(2-) biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prephenate(2-).


cellular response to cell envelope stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stress acting at the cell envelope.


NADPH dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + acceptor = NADP+ + reduced acceptor.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-8-methylthiooctanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(6'-methylthio)hexylmalate + coenzyme A.


acetoacetyl-ACP synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein] <=> acetoacetyl-ACP + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


siRNA-mediated retrotransposon silencing by mRNA destabilization

A retrotransposon silencing mechanism in which mRNAs transcribed from transposons are targeted for degradation by a siRNA.


retrotransposon silencing

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of retrotransposition. Retrotransposons are a subset of transposable elements that use an RNA intermediate and reverse transcribe themselves into the genome.


response to cell cycle checkpoint signaling

A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of cell cycle checkpoint signaling.


cardiac muscle cell action potential

An action potential that occurs in a cardiac muscle cell.


negative regulation of relaxation of cardiac muscle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of cardiac muscle.


cellular response to fluid shear stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.


glial cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


labyrinthine layer morphogenesis

The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta is generated and organized.


forebrain generation of neurons

The process in which nerve cells are generated in the forebrain. This includes the production of neuroblasts from and their differentiation into neurons.


dTDP-mannose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.


tRNA exon ligation utilizing 2',3' cyclic phosphate of 5'-exon as source of linkage phosphate

A tRNA exon ligation process in which the splice junction phosphate is derived from the 2',3' cyclic phosphate at the 3'-end of the 5'-exon. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in wheat, Chlamydomonas, and vertebrate species including humans.


maintenance of secretory granule location

Any process in which a secretory granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


root cap development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root cap over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root cap protects the root meristem from friction as the root grows through the soil. The cap is made up of a group of parenchyma cells which secrete a glycoprotein mucilage as a lubricant.


2-hydroxyeriodictyol 6C-glucoside dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6C-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxyeriodictyol <=> isoorientin + H2O.


positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction.


negative regulation of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell apoptotic process.


phosphate:acyl-[acyl carrier protein] acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a fatty acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + orthophosphate = acyl phosphate + [acyl-carrier protein].


positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) on the surface of a cell, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.


negative regulation of austinol biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of austinol biosynthetic process.


multiple spine synapse organization, multiple dendrites

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and two or more dendritic spines protruding either from a single dendrite or from multiple dendrites.


positive regulation of bone remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.


polyketide synthase activity

Catalysis of a multistep reaction that produce polyketides through decarboxylative condensation of carboxylic acids. The key chain-building reaction, a C-N bond-forming reaction, involves the generation of the characteristic peptide bond by nucleophilic attack of the amino group of an amino-acyl donor unit covalently bound to a downstream peptidyl carrier protein module (amino acyl-S-PCP) on the acyl group of an upstream electrophilic acyl- or peptidyl acyl-S-PCP chain, catalyzed by a condensation (C) domain. Supplementing these core chain-elongation domains are variable numbers of auxiliary domains that are responsible for modification of the growing polypeptide chain by a small set of iterated reactions including epimerization, N-methylation, and heterocyclization.


pentanamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + pentanamide = NH4 + valerate.


tRNA m2,2-guanine biosynthesis

The process whereby a guanine residue in a transfer RNA is methylated twice at the N2 position.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the heart over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


negative regulation of xylan catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xylan catabolic process.


termination of RNA polymerase III transcription

A transcription termination process that completes the production of a primary RNA polymerase II transcript. RNA polymerase III has an intrinsic ability to terminate transcription upon incorporation of at least 4 contiguous U residues.


inner ear receptor cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


rRNA (adenine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methyladenine.


negative regulation of endodermal cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an endoderm cell.


otolith mineralization

The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear.


positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.


solanapyrone synthase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of double bonds in prosolanapyrone II to form (-)-solanapyrone A.


positive regulation of nervous system development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.


ATPase-coupled monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monocarboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + monocarboxylic acid(in/out).


snRNA modification guide activity

Specifies the site of a posttranscriptional modification in an snRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-D-mannose residues in oligo-mannose oligosaccharides.


efferent axon development in anterior lateral line nerve

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.


GPCR taste receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor activity that is responsible for the sense of taste.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, disulfide as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a disulfide.


negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.


H2O + L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NAD+ = 2 H+ + L-glutamate + NADH.


dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a dendritic cell.


Remodeling the acyl chains of phosphatidylethanolamine, through sequential deacylation and re-acylation reactions, to generate phosphatidylethanolamine containing different types of fatty acid acyl chains.


phytanate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + phytanate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + phytanoyl-CoA.


positive regulation of nutrient release by host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


cell redox homeostasis

Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.


interleukin-5 production

The appearance of interleukin-5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


cellular response to quercetin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quercetin stimulus.


mesoderm morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized.


cleavage of bicistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-rRNAs originally produced as a bicistronic rRNA transcript that contains the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with two genes in this order are produced in Archaeal species.


palmitic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving palmitic acid.


defense response by callose deposition in cell wall

Any process in which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.


positive regulation of cyclodextrin metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclodextrin metabolic process.


leucoanthocyanidin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucoanthocyanidins, a class of colorless intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the pigmented flavonoids.


maintenance of unfolded protein

Maintaining a protein in an unfolded, soluble state.


negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.


B-1b B cell differentiation

The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1b B cells. B-1b B cells are B-1 cells that do not express CD5.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD+ or NADP.


atrioventricular canal morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an atrioventricular canal is generated and organized.


mannose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.


spinal cord ventral commissure morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the spinal cord ventral commissure are generated and organized.


regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.


outer stripe development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer stripe over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer stripe is the region of the kidney outer medulla that lies just below the cortex. The proximal straight tubules (S3) characterize this region.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + CoA + H+.


negative regulation of methanofuran metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of methanofuran metabolic process.


bisphenol A hydroxylase B activity

Catalysis of the reaction: bisphenol A + NADH + H+ + O2 = 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol + NAD+ + H2O.


lipoprotein lipid oxidation

The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid group.


sulfinoalanine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-sulfino-L-alanine = hypotaurine + CO2.


glycine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + H2O + NH4 + thioredoxin disulfide = glycine + H+ + phosphate + thioredoxin.


positive regulation of viral process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant.


negative regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


D-lysine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-lysine + O2 + H2O = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


regulation of hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell.


dense core granule priming

A process that converts unprimed dense core granules (DCVs) to a pool of primed vesicles that are capable of fusing with the plasma membrane (fusion-competent) and thereby releasing their contents. Priming typically occurs after docking.


specification of mesonephric distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the mesonephric nephron acquires its identity.


positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal norepinephrine

The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.


regulation of ERK5 cascade

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK5 cascade.


regulation of secretion by cell

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.


negative regulation of monocyte extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation.


cellotetraose binding

Binding to a cellotetraose, an oligosaccharide consisting of four glucose residues resulting from hydrolysis of cellulose.


trinitrophenol dihydride denitratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: trinitrophenol dihydride Meisenheimer complex (aci form) = 2,4-dinitrophenol hydride Meisenheimer complex + NO2. Trinitrophenol is also known as TNP and dinitrophenol is also known as DNP.


olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized features of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb.


dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized.


D-amino-acid oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a D-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide.


positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.


Catalysis of the reaction: (2E,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O = 4-hydroxy-2-oxohexanoate.


alcohol O-decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: decanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + a decyl ester.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


eisosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an eisosome, a cell part that is composed of the eisosome membrane and eisosome filaments. The eisosome membrane, also called the MCC domain, is a furrow-like plasma membrane sub-domain with associated integral transmembrane proteins. The eisosome filaments form a scaffolding lattice on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane.


positive regulation of metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.


positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of smooth muscle.


isoprenoid biosynthetic process via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprenoid via 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


envenomation resulting in modulation of calcium channel activity in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.


cellular response to iron(III) ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.


negative regulation of multicellular organismal process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.


platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-radyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid + 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-radyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipid.


tRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation

The process whereby a guanine in a tRNA is methylated at the N7 position of guanine.


sequestering of copper ion

The process of binding or confining copper ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


pentose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a pentose sugar from one side of a membrane to the other. Pentose is a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms.


positive regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary bladder. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract.


flavonol binding

Binding to a flavonol, a flavonoid that contains a 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one backbone.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron tubule development.


delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside 7-O-glucosyltransferase (acyl-glucose dependent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside + 1-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-glucoside + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: hydroxymalonate + sinapoyl-CoA = CoA + sinapoyltartronate.


acquisition of desiccation tolerance

The process in which tolerance to severe drying is acquired, before entering into a dry, either dormant or quiescent state.


D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NAD+ = D-xylonolactone + NADH.


regulation of NK T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.


methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.


UDP-glucose:curcumin monoglucoside glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + curcumin monoglucoside = H+ + curcumin diglucoside + UDP.


positive regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis.


establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth patterns that regulate the shape of a cell.


acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission.


positive regulation of serotonin uptake

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.


bract morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a bract are generated and organized. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.


sepal formation

The process that gives rise to the sepal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


embryo implantation

Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.


muramyl dipeptide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + muramyl dipeptide = ADP + H(+) + 6-O-phospho-muramyl dipeptide.


ferric-enterobactin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric-enterobactin from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of cellular pH reduction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.


response to virus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-carboxyvinyl carboxyphosphonate = 3-(hydrohydroxyphosphoryl)pyruvate + CO2.


leg disc development

Progression of the leg imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + N-acetylaminoglycoside.


positive regulation of B cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.


specification of proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the kidney nephron acquires its identity.


clearance of cells from fusion plate

The morphogenetic process in which cells are removed from the inner loop of a semicircular canal.


macromolecule glycosylation

The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule.


negative regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of outer hair cell apoptotic process.


nitronate monooxygenase (FMN-linked) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ethylnitronate + FMNH(2) + O2 = acetaldehyde + FMN + H2O + H+ + nitrite.


glycerolipid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.


morphogenesis of a branching epithelium

The process in which the anatomical structures of a branched epithelium are generated and organized.


acylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.


polyprenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.


death receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular messenger (called a death ligand), and transmitting the signal from one side of the plasma membrane to the other to initiate apoptotic or necrotic cell death.


response to ATP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.


negative regulation of bone resorption

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.


Catalysis of the reaction: procollagen L-proline + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = procollagen trans-hydroxy-L-proline + succinate + CO2.


ear development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.


mitochondrial RNA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.


Catalysis of the reaction:H2O + N(6)-propanoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 3''-O-propanoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


nitric-oxide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.


response to high light intensity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.


5-(carboxyamino)imidazole ribonucleotide synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ATP + bicarbonate = 5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + 3 H+ + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-beta-hydroxysterol + triacylglycerol = a 3-beta-hydroxysterol ester + 1,2-diacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-dephospho-CoA = 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA + adenine.


motor neuron migration

The orderly movement of a motor neuron from one site to another. A motor neuron is an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.


phenanthrene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.


Catalysis of the reaction: taurine + 2-oxoglutarate = sulfoacetaldehyde + L-glutamate.


TMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.


iodide oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways by which iodide is converted to diiodine, with the concomitant loss of electrons.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain aldehyde + NAD+ = a long-chain carboxylate + NADH + H+. A long-chain aldehyde is one with more than 12 carbons.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + O2 + NADH(2-) <=> 4alpha-carboxy-5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(1-) + H2O.


very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP+ = a very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH.


metanephric proximal convoluted tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric proximal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule.


carnitine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.


positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.


proximal/distal pattern formation, imaginal disc

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.


questin monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + questin = demethylsulochrin + NADP+.


glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine (N-trimethylglycine) from the oxidation of choline.


senecionine N-oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + senecionine = H2O + NADP+ + senecionine N-oxide.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell contraction.


cellular detoxification of sulfide

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a sulfide. These may include chemical modification or transport of sulfide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.


cardiolipin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.


prostaglandin D receptor activity

Combining with prostaglandin D (PGD(2)) to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal epinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.


oxaloacetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + oxaloacetate = acetate + H+ + oxalate.


positive regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract).


peptidyl-glutamate ADP-deribosylation

The removal of ADP-ribose from ADP-ribosylglutamate.


positive regulation of steroid metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.


N-terminal peptidyl-leucine methylation

The methylation of the N-terminal leucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-leucine.


alkane transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of alkanes from one side of a membrane to the other. Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell-matrix adhesion.


peptidyl-cysteine phosphorylation

The phosphorylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-phospho-L-cysteine.


positive regulation of cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.


mesonephric smooth muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on metal ions, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction in which the metal ion is reduced and NAD+ or NADP+ acts as an electron acceptor.


tricellular tight junction disassembly

The disaggregation of a tricellular tight junction into its constituent components.


Catalysis of the reaction: ceramide + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylceramide + UDP.


regulation of vascular permeability involved in acute inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid contributing to an acute inflammatory response.


regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


glycerophosphate shuttle

The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.


modification by virus of host mRNA processing

Any viral process that interferes with the processing of mRNA in the host cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde + H+ = 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde + CO2.


beta-galactofuranosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactofuranosides, releasing galactose.


isofucosterol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + isofucosterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22alpha)-hydroxy-isofucosterol + H2O + NADP.


ubiquitin-like protein peptidase activity

An isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (ULP; e.g. ATG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO) from target proteins.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(all-trans-octaprenyl)benzene-1,2-diol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + 2-methoxy-6-(all-trans-octaprenyl)phenol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


heparanase activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of heparan sulfate; can degrade both heparan sulfate and heparin glycosaminoglycan chains.


delta-carotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving delta-carotene.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + hygromycin B = 7''-O-phosphohygromycin B + ADP + 2 H+.


demethoxycurcumin synthase

Catalysis of the reaction: (4-coumaroyl)acetyl-CoA + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O <=> bisdemethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


protein-N6-(L-lysyl)-L-lysine modification to protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine

The modification of an N6-(lysyl)-L-lysine residue in a protein, producing protein-N6-(beta-lysyl)-L-lysine ((2S)-2-amino-6-([(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino)hexanoic acid). This modification is observed in, and is probably unique to, translation elongation factor P (EF-P).


response to acidic pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


carotenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.


diacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


hexuronate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: hexuronate(out) + cation(out) = hexuronate(in) + cation(in). The hexuronate may be glucuronate or galacturonate.


positive regulation of immune system process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.


regulation of adaptive immune effector response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.


cholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholate + NAD+ = 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H+ + NADH.


peripheral T cell tolerance induction

Tolerance induction of T cells in the periphery, in this case, any location in the body other than the thymus.


dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-dihydroorotate + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + orotate.


protein modification by small protein removal

A protein modification process in which one or more covalently attached groups of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are removed from a target protein.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.


xylitol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + xylitol = ADP + 2 H+ + xylitol 5-phosphate.


gibberellin A20,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A20 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> gibberellin A29 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body

A process in which telomerase RNA (TERC) is transported to, or maintained in, a Cajal body.


clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, plasma membrane to endosome targeting

The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the plasma membrane to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.


lactone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactone.


flurbiprofen binding

Binding to flurbiprofen.


ATP-dependent H3-H4 histone complex chaperone activity

A histone chaperone that carries a H3-H4 histone complex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


interferon receptor activity

Combining with an interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


ERBB4-ERBB4 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB4, followed by ligand-induced homodimerization of ERBB4 and transmission of the signal into the cell by the homodimeric ERBB4 complex. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of mast cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptotic process.


adipokinetic hormone receptor activity

Combining with an adipokinetic hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are protein or peptide hormones that are important for sugar and fat homeostasis in metazoa. In insects, they mobilize sugar and lipids from the insect fat body during energy-requiring activities such as flight and locomotion. They also contribute to hemolymph sugar homeostasis.


Notch signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment

Any Notch signaling pathway that is involved in negative regulation of venous endothelial cell fate commitment.


MAP kinase kinase kinase activity

Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases.


cardiac muscle cell fate determination

The process involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


extracellularly glutamate-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glutamate is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-L-Ara4N-lipid A which occurs as a result of modification of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide by the addition of the sugar 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N). This strategy is adopted by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria to evade cationic antimicrobial peptides produced by the innate immune system.


T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment

The process in which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 1 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis.


negative regulation of the force of heart contraction involved in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure

Any process that decreases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The polypeptide backbones of glycoproteins and mucin-like proteoglycans are extensively modified with a complex array of phosphoglycan chains that are linked to Ser/Thr-rich domains via a common Man-alpha1-PO4-Ser linkage.


mesenchymal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.


positive regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.


polysaccharide immune receptor activity

Combining with a polysaccharide and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response. A polysaccharide is a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.


in-chain hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme A + ATP + an in-chain hydroxy fatty acid = diphosphoric acid + AMP + a in-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA.


zymosterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving zymosterol, (5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol).


lymphocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of a lymphocyte. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin.


regulation of estrogen secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen secretion.


regulation of juvenile hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of juvenile hormone secretion.


cysteine desulfurase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-cysteine + [enzyme]-cysteine = L-alanine + [enzyme]-S-sulfanylcysteine.


regulation of eosinophil activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil activation.


regulation of heart rate by hormone

The process in which the hormones modulates the rate of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.


T-helper 17 cell chemotaxis

The directed movement of a T-helper 17 cell in response to an external stimulus.


peptide cross-linking via L-serine thiazolecarboxylic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl serine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.


negative regulation of leukocyte proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.


eosinophil mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by an eosinophil.


regulation of xanthophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.


negative regulation of blood vessel remodeling

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.


mRNA splice site recognition

Selection of a splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.


epidermis morphogenesis involved in nipple formation

The process in which the epidermis of the nipple sheath is uplifted to form an umbrella-like projection.


modulation by host of viral transcription

Any process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.


aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+.


naringenin-chalcone synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA = 4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2.


alpha-copaene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-copaene.


hydrogen sulfide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen sulfide, H2S.


intracellular nitrogen homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nitrogen within a cell.


meiotic telophase II

The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase II of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.


cephamycin C metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cephamycin C.


voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of cytosolic calcium levels

Regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrations via the directed movement of calcium ions across the plasma-membrane into the cytosol via the action of a voltage-gated calcium ion channel.


exit from dormancy

The dormancy process that results in exit from dormancy. Dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated.


methyl transfer-driven active transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transport of a solute across a membrane driven by a methyl transfer reaction. Primary active transport is catalysis of the transport of a solute across a membrane, up the solute's concentration gradient, by binding the solute and undergoing a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a primary energy source.


respiratory chain complex III assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex, a transmembrane lipoprotein complex that it catalyzes the reduction of cytochrome c by accepting reducing equivalents from Coenzyme Q, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.


regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.


regulation of premature acrosome loss

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule before the sperm reaches to the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents.


central nervous system neuron axonogenesis

Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.


Catalysis of the reaction: carboxymethyluridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)uridine34 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


negative regulation of transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of monoatomic anion transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport.


positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.


cuprous ion binding

Binding to a cuprous ion, copper(1+).


negative regulation of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear migration during mitotic telophase.


regulation of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway involved in response to food.


Catalysis of the transfer of an arachidonoyl (systematic name, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl) group to a sulfur atom on the cysteine of a protein molecule, in the reaction: in the reaction: (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + L-cysteinyl-[protein] = CoA + S-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-cysteinyl-[protein].


negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


helvolic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving helvolic acid.


cyclase activity

Catalysis of a ring closure reaction.


envenomation resulting in negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.


resolvin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of resolvins, di- or trihydroxy fatty acids derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically icosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid.


regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis.


positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


positive regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


20-aldehyde-leukotriene B4 20-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 20-oxo-leukotriene B4 + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 20-carboxy-leukotriene B4 + 2 H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].


peptide modification

The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a peptide, resulting in a change in the properties of that peptide.


aortic valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the aortic valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


detection of hypoxia

The series of events in which a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.


nitrite reductase (NO-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nitric oxide + H2O + ferricytochrome c = nitrite + ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+.


comma-shaped body morphogenesis

The process in which the comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 10-formyltetrahydrofolate-4a-carbinolamine = H2O + a 10-formyldihydrofolate.


cell-cell adhesion involved in neural tube closure

The attachment of one cell to another cell along the edges of two epithelial folds, giving rise to the lumen of the neural tube.


maintenance of vegetative meristem identity

The process in which an organism retains a population of vegetative meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.


glycolytic fermentation to butanediol

The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into butanediol; effected by some members of the Enterobacteriaceae, e.g. Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, and Serratia.


G2 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis).


protein polyglutamylation

The addition of one or more alpha-linked glutamyl units to the gamma carboxyl group of peptidyl-glutamic acid.


myeloid cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-19 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


growth plate cartilage chondrocyte development

The progression of a growth plate cartilage chondrocyte over time from after its fate commitment to the mature cell.


visceral peritoneum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a visceral peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


membrane raft organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane rafts, small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.


detection of cAMP

The series of events in which a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; cAMP is the nucleotide cyclic AMP.


histone H3R17 arginine deiminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + histone H3 L-arginyl (position 17)= histone H3 L-citrullyl (position 17) + NH4+, resulting in histone H3 citrullination at position 17.


L-fucose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-fucose (6-deoxy-Lgalactose).


phosphatidylglycerol binding

Binding to phosphatidylglycerol.


muscle cell chemotaxis toward tendon cell

The directed movement of a muscle cell towards a tendon cell in response to an external stimulus. Tendon cells, for example, produce positive guidance cues that attract muscle cells.


protein maturation by iron-sulfur cluster transfer

The transfer of an assembled iron-sulfur cluster from a scaffold protein to an acceptor protein that contributes to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing

SDSA is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in mitosis which allows for the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences. The broken DNA searches for and base pairs with a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template. Newly synthesized DNA is then displaced from the template and anneal with its complement on the other side of the double-strand break.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N(pros)-methyl-L-histidyl-[protein] + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


O6-methyl-dGTP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction O6-methyl-dGTP + H2O = O6-methyl-dGMP + diphosphate + H+.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-8 binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi.


regulation of defecation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defecation.


dGMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).


regulation of chloride transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chloride transport.


positive regulation of eosinophil differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.


termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, exosome-dependent

The process in which transcription of nonpolyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; coupled to the maturation of the RNA 3'-end.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanine(37) in tRNA = N(1)-methylguanine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


intracellular sequestering of copper ion

The process of binding or confining copper ions in an intracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


cell-cell signaling involved in pronephros development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature organ.


regulation of cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell.


histone H3-K18 acetylation

The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 18 of the histone.


regulation of membrane permeability

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by a membrane.


proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.


Schwann cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


regulation of cellobiose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellobiose catabolic process.


tagaturonate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-altronate + NAD+ = D-tagaturonate + H+ + NADH.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane = HCl + 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane is also known as DDD; 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene is also known as DDMU.


11-cis-retinal 3,4-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinal + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 reduced [adrenodoxin] = 11-cis-3,4-didehydro-retinal + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized [adrenodoxin].


stomatal complex patterning

The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.


n-octane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving n-octane, the 8 carbon straight chain alkane used in organic syntheses, calibrations, and azeotropic distillations. It is a common component of gasoline and other petroleum products and the engine fuel antiknocking properties of an isomer of n-octane are used as a comparative standard in the Octane Rating System.


peptidoglycan binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a non-covalent manner, with peptidoglycan, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


tRNA folding

The process of assisting in the folding of tRNAs into the correct tertiary structure.


lncRNA binding

Binding to a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA).


astrocyte cell migration

The orderly movement of an astrocyte, a class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.


cellular response to stem cell factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stem cell factor (SCF) stimulus.


D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-malate + NAD+ = CO2 + NADH + pyruvate.


negative regulation of cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.


calcitonin receptor activity

Combining with calcitonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


regulation of angiotensin levels in blood

The process that modulates the level of any of the various angiotensinogen proteolytic products in the blood. This occurs by the proteolytic cleavage of angiotensinogen, and its proteolytic products, to create a variety of active peptide hormones, such as angiotensin I and angiotensin II, as well as through the removal of these peptides from the circulation.


cardiac ventricle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.


tetralin ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetralin + O2 + NADH + H+ = cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalene + NAD+.


intracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific intracellular ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


mitochondrial tRNA methylation

The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.


regulation of animal organ formation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of animal organ formation. Organ formation is the process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment.


cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus.


modulation of spore encystment on host

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


glutamate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


regulation of heart contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + ecdysteroid = UDP + glucosyl-ecdysteroid.


secondary active oligopeptide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of an oligopeptide or oligopeptides from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.


commissural neuron axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a commissural neuron is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + UDP-glucose = p-aminobenzoate-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester + UDP.


deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


flavonol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.


negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.


nitrobenzene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrobenzene.


organometal metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organometals, any metal-containing organic compound, especially one in which the metal atom is linked directly to one of more carbon atoms.


N-succinyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a succinyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


hypochlorous acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypochlorous acid.


very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA = H2O + a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA.


tRNA exon ligation

An RNA exon ligation process that rejoins two exons of a pre-tRNA which has had the intron removed.


pronephric distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD + D-glucopyranose 6-phosphate = NADH + H+ + 3-dehydro-D-glucose 6-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxopropanoate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = malonate + NAD(P)H + H+.


steviolbioside glucosyltransferase activity (rebaudioside B forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: steviolbioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = rebaudioside B + UDP + H+.


positive regulation of T cell costimulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation.


response to anticonvulsant

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticonvulsant stimulus, a drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.


negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial cell proliferation.


protein tag activity

A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.


regulation of ATP-dependent activity

Any process that modulates the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.


Catalysis of the transfer, in a beta 1,3 linkage, of D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to asioloorosomucoid.


1,2-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isoorientin + an L-rhamonsylated rhamnosyl acceptor = isoorientin 2'-O-rhamnoside + a non rhamnosylated rhamnosyl acceptor.


peptidyl-serine autophosphorylation

The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own serine amino acid residues, or a serine residue on an identical protein.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-22 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


beta-ribofuranosylaminobenzene 5'-phosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzoate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate = 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate + CO2 + diphosphate.


negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.


ecdysone-mediated polytene chromosome puffing

The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of hormone-responsive genes on polytene chromosomes in response to increased production of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) in Drosophila larvae approaching pupation.


cell morphogenesis involved in semicircular canal fusion

The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when a semicircular canal epithelial cell acquires the structural features that allow it to contribute to the process of semicircular canal fusion.


AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between an AV node cardiomyocyte and a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


viral scaffold assembly and maintenance

The assembly and maintenance of the viral scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD+ = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H+ + NADH.


microtubule plus end polymerase

Catalysis of the transfer of tubulin dimers to the plus end of a microtubule. The reaction is reversable depending on the availability of dimers.


primary amino compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of primary amino compound.


zygospore formation

The process in which zygospores are formed. Zygospores are characteristic of the zygomycete fungi (phylum Zygomycota) thick-walled and darkly colored, and usually heavily ornamented as well, with many spines or ridges. It is formed between two specialized organs called suspensors, which are themselves usually heavily ornamented, one from each mating partner. The zygospore forms between them and then breaks away.


betaine aldehyde catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of betaine aldehyde.


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)+ = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NAD(P)H + H+.


homogentisate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogentisate.


gated channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a solute by a channel that opens in response to a specific stimulus.


motogenic signaling involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex

The creation and reception of signals that result in the directional movement of interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cortex.


heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules

The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene + O2 = cis-4-(8-hydroxypyren-7-yl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate.


positive regulation of ectoderm development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development.


response to clozapine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clozapine stimulus.


contractile vacuole tethering involved in discharge

The initial, indirect interaction between a contractile vacuole membrane and a site of discharge in the plasma membrane. This interaction is mediated by tethering factors (or complexes), which interact with both membranes. Interaction can occur via direct binding to membrane phospholipids or membrane proteins, or via binding to vesicle coat proteins. This process is distinct from and prior to docking and fusion.


L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) selenium transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-tRNA(Sec) + selenophosphate = L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) + H2O + phosphate.


positive regulation of intestinal lipid absorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal lipid absorption.


cardiac neuron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac neuron over time, from its formation to the mature state.


embryonic limb morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.


(R)-pantolactone dehydrogenase (flavin) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + A = 2-dehydropantolactone + AH(2).


histone H3S28 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3-serine (position 28) + ATP = histone H3-phosphoserine (position 28) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 28 of histone H3.


pseudopodium retraction

The myosin-based contraction and retraction of a pseudopodium.


skeletal muscle cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of skeletal muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


ferricrocin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.


regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in some heart process.


chloroplast protein-transporting ATPase activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; drives the transport of proteins into the chloroplast stroma.


chloroplast mRNA processing

Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the chloroplast genome into mature mRNAs.


renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.


regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.


isopenicillin-N epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isopenicillin N = penicillin N.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


2-hydroxy-ATP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-ATP + H2O = 2-hydroxy-AMP + H+ + diphosphate.


protein myristoylation

The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein.


establishment of RNA localization to telomere

The directed movement of RNA to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.


cyanidin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-malonyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + malonyl-CoA <=> cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + coenzyme A.


positive regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.


optical nerve axon regeneration

The regrowth of axons of the optical nerve following their loss or damage.


tight junction disassembly

The disaggregation of an tight junction into its constituent components.


negative regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.


Catalysis of the addition of a galactosyl residue to a non-reducing O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine residue in an O-glycan.


organelle inheritance

The partitioning of organelles between daughter cells at cell division.


alpha-glucoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of alpha-glucosides from one side of a membrane to the other. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar group is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.


positive regulation of border follicle cell delamination

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan immune receptor activity

Combining with (1->3)-beta-D-glucans to initiate an innate immune response.


(S)-reticuline biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (S)-reticuline.


ADP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


regulation of BMP signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any BMP receptor signaling pathway.


di-trans, poly-cis-undecaprenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: di-trans, octa-cis-undecaprenol + ATP = di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl phosphate + ADP + H+.


dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, usually by a stepwise addition of glycosyl chains to endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound dolichol-P.


cell gliding

Cell motility that results in the smooth movement of a cell along a solid surface.


positive regulation of innate immunity memory response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of innate immunity memory response.


regulation of response to salt stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.


monoterpene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinate + succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA + succinate.


negative regulation of establishment of blood-brain barrier

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of the blood-brain barrier, a selectively permeable structural and functional barrier that exists between the capillaries and the brain.


regulation of catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.


regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.


neural plate morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue.


response to manganese starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of manganese.


mammary gland lobule development

The progression of the mammary gland lobule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mammary gland lobule is a small rounded projection of the mammary gland.


Catalysis of the reaction: Se-Methyl-L-selenocysteine + H2O => pyruvic acid + NH3 + Methaneselenol.


specification of pronephric distal tubule identity

The process in which the distal tubule of the pronephric nephron acquires its identity.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate = NADH + CO2 + catechol.


positive regulation of brown fat cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.


cerebellar Golgi cell differentiation

The process in which neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Golgi cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Golgi cell fate. A cerebellar Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.


gamma-tubulin complex binding

Binding to a gamma-tubulin complex.


cellular response to arsenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus.


cis assembly of pre-catalytic spliceosome

Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the intact pre-mRNA and all of the spliceosomal snRNPs. This occurs when the tri-snRNP associates with the pre-mRNA and associated snRNPs in an ATP-dependent manner.


negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.


DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase III-specific

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific genes sets transcribed by RNA polymerase III.


inhibition of non-skeletal tissue mineralization

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of non-mineral tissue, by preventing mineralization of non-skeletal tissue.


beta-glucoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucoside.