phagosome maturation

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the arrangement of constituent parts of a phagosome within a cell. Phagosome maturation begins with endocytosis and formation of the early phagosome and ends with the formation of the hybrid organelle, the phagolysosome.


positive regulation of synergid differentiation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate 5-aminopentanamide.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetyl-mannosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetyl-mannosamine(out) = protein histidine +N-acetyl- mannosamine-6-phosphate(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + beta-D-fructofuranose 6-phosphate <=> mannosylfructose-phosphate + GDP.


release of matrix enzymes from mitochondria

The process in which enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase, are enabled to move from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol, as part of the apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide.


DNA clamp unloader activity

Facilitating the opening of the ring structure of the PCNA complex, or any of the related sliding clamp complexes, and their removal from the DNA duplex, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


dipyrrin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.


tryptophan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.


alpha-thujene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate(3-) <=> alpha-thujene + diphosphoric acid.


positive regulation of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape.


interleukin-34 production

The appearance of interleukin-34 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


regulation of inner ear receptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inner ear receptor cell differentiation.


epidermal stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of epidermal stem cells within a population of cells.


blood vessel endothelial cell delamination involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

Any blood vessel endothelial cell delamination that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


amnioserosa formation

Formation of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. This occurs by the transformation of a narrow strip of cells at the dorsal midline of the blastoderm from columnar to squamous cells, accompanied by a lateral shift.


peptidyl-histidine guanylation

The guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.


Mre11 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Mre11 complex, a trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity and is involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling.


alcohol O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on an alcohol acceptor molecule.


regulation of transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-mannose(out) + Na+(out) = D-mannose(in) + Na+(in).


positive regulation of brood size

Any process that increases brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.


D-ribose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose 5-phosphate.


steroid hormone binding

Binding to a steroid hormone.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl D-mannosyl phosphate = H+ + alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-(alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6))-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + dolichyl phosphate.


connecting tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the connecting tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct.


response to amino acid starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids.


biotinidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: biotin amide + H2O = biotin + NH3.


methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-methylmalonyl-CoA = (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA.


tRNA transcription

The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template.


N-acetylneuraminate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phosphoenolpyruvate + N-acetyl-D-mannosamine + H2O = phosphate + N-acetylneuraminate.


regulation of vein smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vein smooth muscle contraction.


phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate.


phenylethylamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


cranial ganglion morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of a cranial ganglion is generated and organized.


regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.


negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.


leucine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + H2O + NAD+ = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + NH3 + NADH.


metanephros morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized.


lymphocyte anergy

Any process contributing to lymphocyte anergy, a state of functional inactivation.


cellular response to viscosity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a viscosity stimulus.


maintenance of rDNA

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats.


GAU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GAU codon.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.


N-acetylmuramic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), a monosaccharide derivative of N-acetylglucosamine.


peptidyl-lysine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine = 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate + L-glutamate.


sodium channel activity

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism.


icosanoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.


geranylate CoA-transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranylate + CoASH = trans-geranyl-CoA + OH-.


olfactory bulb axon guidance

The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron in the olfactory bulb is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyll a + NADP = tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a + NADPH + H+.


negative regulation of CoA-transferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CoA-transferase activity.


adaptation of signaling pathway by response to pheromone involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses. An example of this is the adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


wing disc development

Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-galactose + myo-inositol 1-phosphate = alpha-L-galactose-1-phosphate + GDP-myoinositol.


acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process in which acetylcholine signaling causes vasodilation, resulting in a change in blood pressure.


RNA-3'-phosphate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + RNA 3'-terminal-phosphate = AMP + diphosphate + RNA terminal-2',3'-cyclic-phosphate.


positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation

The process that activates or increases the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.


respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system

The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.


diaminopimelate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H+ = L-lysine + CO2.


ISG15 transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y = Y-ISG15 + X, where both X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 are covalent linkages.


poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond between the 5'-pyrimidine residue in cyclobutadipyrimidine (in DNA) and the corresponding deoxy-D-ribose residue.


adenosylcobinamide kinase (ATP-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: adenosylcobinamide + ATP = adenosylcobinamide phosphate + ADP + H+.


negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.


neuromuscular process controlling posture

Any process in which an organism voluntarily modulates its posture, the alignment of its anatomical parts.


Catalysis of the reactions: isocitrate + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH, and (1R,2S)-1-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + NAD+ = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH + H+.


protein catabolic process in the vacuole

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.


long descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.


negative regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NMDA glutamate receptor activity.


cellular response to phenylalanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.


positive regulation of adaptive immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.


mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery, as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


monodictyphenone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monodictyphenone.


alpha-1,3-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-(1->3)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose.


cellular response to wortmannin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a wortmannin stimulus.


very long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a very-long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA; a very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


ABC-type 3',5'-cyclic GMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(in) = ADP + phosphate + 3',5'-cyclic GMP(out).


toluene 2-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 2-hydroxytoluene.


regulation of zinc ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of zinc ions (Zn2+) from one side of a membrane to the other.


photoreceptor cell differentiation

The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


2-alkenal reductase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: n-alkanal + NADP+ = alk-2-enal + NADPH + H+.


response to selenite ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a selenite ion stimulus.


sabinene-hydrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate + H2O = diphosphate + sabinene hydrate.


response to imidacloprid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an imidacloprid stimulus.


post-anal tail morphogenesis

The process in which a post-anal tail is generated and organized. A post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends posterior to the anus. The post-anal tail may aid locomotion and balance.


amygdala development

The progression of the amygdala over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The amygdala is an almond-shaped set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe of the brain that play a key role in processing emotions such as fear and pleasure.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-deoxy-11-oxopentalenate + O2 + NADPH + H+ = pentalenolactone D + H2O + NADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + peptide = CoA + N-alpha-propionylpeptide. This reaction is the propionylation of the N-terminal amino acid residue of a peptide or protein.


myoblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process

The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide.


histidine catabolic process to imidazol-5-yl-lactate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including imidazol-5-yl-lactate.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation involved in heart development

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in cardiac neural crest cell differentiation.


negative regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis

The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.


negative regulation of vacuolar transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vacuolar transport.


regulation of intraciliary anterograde transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intraciliary anterograde transport.


actin modification

Covalent modification of an actin molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxyl-CoA + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA.


metal cluster binding

Binding to a cluster of atoms including both metal ions and nonmetal atoms, usually sulfur and oxygen. Examples include iron-sulfur clusters and nickel-iron-sulfur clusters.


2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + NADP+ + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


regulation of maltoheptaose transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of maltoheptaose transport.


cell projection assembly

Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.


negative regulation of innate immune response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-amino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-arginine = 1-guanidino-1-deoxy-scyllo-inositol 4-phosphate + L-ornithine.


poly-pyrimidine tract binding

Binding to a stretch of pyrimidines (cytosine or uracil) in an RNA molecule.


positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.


2-oxoglutarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism.


acetylacetone-cleaving enzyme activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pentane-2,4-dione + O2 = acetate + 2-oxopropanal.


alcohol binding

Binding to an alcohol, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group.


histone H3 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


specification of segmental identity, intercalary segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the intercalary segment of the anterior head, following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


positive regulation of white fat cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.


retinoid binding

Binding to a retinoid, a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.


homoserine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-homoserine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-homoserine + CoA.


U2 snRNA adenosine m6 methytransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N6-methyl-adenosine in U2 snRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


cellular response to sulfur starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.


beta-elemene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> beta-elemene + diphosphoric acid.


heart looping

The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.


lycopene epsilon cyclase activity

Catalysis of the cyclization of an epsilon ring at one end of the lycopene molecule (psi, psi-carotene) to form delta-carotene (epsilon, psi-carotene).


4-aminobenzenesulfonate 3,4-dioxygenase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-aminobenzenesulfonate + 2 H+ + O2 + 2 e- = NH3 + 4-sulfocatechol.


peptidyl-serine octanoylation

The octanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.


coenzyme F420 hydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420 + H(2) + H+ = reduced coenzyme F420.


tungsten incorporation into tungsten-molybdopterin complex

The incorporation of tungsten into a tungsten-molybdopterin complex.


positive regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production

Any process in which a symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


flavonoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.


ubiquinone-6 binding

Binding to ubiquinone-6. Ubiquinone-6 is a ubiquinone compound having a (2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaen-1-yl substituent at position 2.


phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis from phosphoryl-ethanolamine via N-dimethylethanolamine phosphate and CDP-N-dimethylethanolamine

The phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process that begins with two N-methylations with phospho-base phosphoethanolamine and phospho-N-methylethanolamine, followed by a downstream N-methylation on phosphatidyl-base phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine; the process ends with the conversion of a phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine to a phosphatidylcholine.


antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a flavonol = UDP + a flavonol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.


peptidyl-tyrosine hydroxylation

The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dihydroxyphenylalanine.


response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


Catalysis of the reaction: esculetin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-esculetin + UDP + H+.


cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


CTP binding

Binding to CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.


negative regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


NAD-dependent histone decrotonylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-(2E)-butenoyl-L-lysyl-[histone] + NAD+ = 2''-O-(2E)-but-2-enoyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[histone] + nicotinamide.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-tocopherol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-alpha-tocopherol + NADP+ + H2O .


Catalysis of the reaction: cytosylglucuronic acid + H+ = cytosylarabinopyranose + CO2.


lauric acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lauric acid, a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)10COOH. Derived from vegetable sources.


neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.


meiotic M phase

A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle.


negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism.


positive regulation of cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic to meiotic cell cycle switching, the process in which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + L-glutamate.


negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


cephalosporin C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cephalosporin C.


ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of oogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis.


negative regulation of lipid storage

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.


negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage.


pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond (diphosphate bond) between two phosphate groups.


protein insertion into ER membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence

A process of protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in which signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.


metal ion sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of a metal ion.


positive regulation of uredinium development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.


vanillate O-demethylase (anaerobic) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: vanillate + Co+ = Co3+-CH3 + 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.


juglone 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 juglone + O2 = 2 3,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone + 2 H+.


imaginal disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.


modification of postsynaptic structure

Any process that modifies the structure of a postsynapse.


multivesicular body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.


response to interleukin-4

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-glycerate + NADP+ = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + NADPH + H+.


DNM1L-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

A positive regulation of the macromitophagy pathway that is triggered by mitochondrial depolarization and requires the function of a DNM1L-family molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxydec-2,4-diene-1,10-dioate + H2O = (2Z)-2,4-dihydroxydec-2-enedioate.


base-excision repair, AP site formation

The formation of an AP site, a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by DNA glycosylase which recognizes an altered base in DNA and catalyzes its hydrolytic removal. This sugar phosphate is the substrate recognized by the AP endonuclease, which cuts the DNA phosphodiester backbone at the 5' side of the altered site to leave a gap which is subsequently repaired.


regulation of thymine transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


response to cytarabine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytarabine stimulus.


suppression by virus of host type III interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type III interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type III interferon is also known as interferon-lambda.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferide + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3,4'-dimethylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans.


ectoine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.


nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors defined by their tripartite domain architecture that contains: a variable C-terminus, a middle nucleotide-binding domain, and a LRR domain that is variable in the repeats composition and number.


ribonuclease IV activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to fragments terminated by 3'-hydroxy and 5'-phosphate groups.


semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in dendrite guidance

Any semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway that is involved in dendrite guidance.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + quinolin-2-ol = H2O + NAD+ + quinoline-2,8-diol.


The attachment of a peroxisome to a chloroplast via molecular tethers that physically bridge their respective membranes and attach them to each other. The tethering may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


trimethylamine receptor activity

Combining with the biogenic amine trimethylamine to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an ectoderm cell.


response to very low light intensity stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + pyruvate = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-alanine.


regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


branched-chain amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.


hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane

A process that hyerpolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an inhibitory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential away from the firing threshold.


atrial septum secundum morphogenesis

The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum secundum is generated and organized.


1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene extradiol dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene + O2 = 4-(2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxy-buta-2,4-dienoate + H+.


tracheary element differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a tracheary element.


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide, modulating synaptic transmission

Modulation of synaptic transmission by cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


4-methylaminobutyrate oxidase (demethylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(methylamino)butyric acid + O2 + H2O <=> gamma-aminobutyric acid + formaldehyde + hydrogen peroxide.


protein C-terminal leucine carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + protein L-leucine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + protein L-leucine methyl ester. This modification occurs only at the oxygen atoms of the free alpha carboxyl group of a leucine residue at the C-terminus of the protein.


negative regulation of programmed cell death

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.


regulation of iron ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronate.


ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process is independent of ubiquitination.


protein-containing complex stabilizing activity

A molecular function that involves direct binding to one of the subunits of a protein-containing complex, thus preventing an interaction with a factor that would promote dissociation of the complex.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.


Catalysis of the reaction: luteolinidin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> luteolinidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP + 2 H+.


antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


response to growth hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphate + beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-D-galactopyranose 1-phosphate.


negative regulation of vasculogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


trimethylamine monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N,N,N-trimethylamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N,N-trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O.


1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol desaturase activity (SN2-16:1 forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:2-2-16:0-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = 1-18:2-2-16:1-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


sulfur dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sulfur + O2 + H2O = sulfite.


spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random dorsal-ventral spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.


free ubiquitin chain polymerization

The process of creating free ubiquitin chains, compounds composed of a large number of ubiquitin monomers. These chains are not conjugated to a protein.


ATP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-6beta-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + ATP = ADP + 3 H+ + NADH + phosphate.


response to diphenyl ether

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diphenyl ether stimulus.


pullulan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.


chondrocyte proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-32 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, carboxy-terminal

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxy-terminal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has a carboxy-terminal thiocarboxy-C(=O)-SH bond.


detection of muscle inactivity

The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


protein localization to plasma membrane raft

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a plasma membrane raft.


formate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formate + NADP+ = CO2 + NADPH.


aphidicolan-16 beta-ol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 9-alpha-copalyl diphosphate + H2O = aphidicolan-16-beta-ol + diphosphate.


snRNP binding

Binding to a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle.


response to resveratrol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a resveratrol stimulus.


negative regulation of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of (R)-carnitine transmembrane transport.


phthalate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid.


alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.


ribosomal small subunit binding

Binding to a small ribosomal subunit.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate = (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate. (3E)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-enoate is also known as trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate.


ubiquinone-6 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone-6.


cellular response to nitrogen compound

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.


ameloblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an ameloblast, a cylindrical epithelial cell in the innermost layer of the enamel organ.


endocardial precursor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial precursor cell. A endocardial precursor cell is a cell that has been committed to a endocardial cell fate, but will undergo further cell divisions rather than terminally differentiate.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in scattered antral spaces stage

The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the scattered antral spaces stage of oogenesis.


regulation of c-di-GMP signaling

Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of c-di-GMP signaling.


positive regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


perturbation of host immune response

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


plasma membrane fusion involved in cytogamy

The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround cells, that contributes to cytogamy.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation.


compound eye pigmentation

Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.


glomerular epithelial cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


corrinoid adenosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + 2 corrinoid + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 2 adenosylcorrinoid + 3 H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 2 triphosphate. The corrinoid can be cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide, cob(II)inamide or cob(II)alamin.


negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.


preQ1 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine + 2 NADP+ = 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + 3 H+ + 2 NADPH.


positive regulation of trichoblast fate specification

Any process that induces or promotes trichoblast fate specification.


metanephric thick ascending limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric thick ascending limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric thick ascending limb is the last part of the metanephric loop of Henle. Its thick, mitochondria-rich epithelium characterizes the outer medulla, and is responsible for very avid active salt transport. At the macula densa, the thick ascending limb connects to the distal convoluted tubule.


intrahepatic bile duct development

The progression of the intrahepatic bile ducts over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Intrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts within the liver) collect bile from bile canaliculi in the liver, and connect to the extrahepatic bile ducts (bile ducts outside the liver).


limonene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.


regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.


positive regulation of fever generation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever generation.


chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a chaperone-mediated autophagy translocation complex.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + a galactosylceramide = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + a galactosylceramidesulfate.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL21 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


coenzyme F420-2 alpha-glutamyl ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme F420-2 + L-glutamate + GTP = coenzyme F420-3 + GDP + orthophosphate.


response to mechanical stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.


oxalate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + oxalate = CO2 + formate.


long-chain fatty acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.


cellular response to pheromone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.


larynx morphogenesis

The process in which the larynx is generated and organized. The larynx is a continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose = UDP-4-keto-rhamnose.


regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


cellular response to gravity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.


methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating, NAD) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD+ = propanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+. Can also use malonate (3-oxopropanoate) as a substrate. The reaction occurs in two steps with the decarboxylation process preceding CoA-binding. Bicarbonate rather than CO2 is released as a final product.


ethylene receptor histidine kinase activity

Combining with ethylene and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


ecdysone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.


GTP 3',8'-cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP=(8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate.


DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity that represses or decreases the transcription of specific gene sets transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


glucose dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose + acceptor = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.


modulation by symbiont of host anion transport

The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism.


beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-glucose residues with release of beta-D-glucose.


response to testosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.


negative regulation of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic telomere tethering at nuclear periphery.


secondary neural tube formation

The formation of the neural tube by coalescence of mesenchymal cells followed by their conversion to epithelial cells to form a solid cord that subsequently hollows out (cavitates) to create a hollow tube. Secondary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the neural tube posterior to the posterior neuropore in mammals.


cystic duct development

The progression of the cystic duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cystic duct runs from the gallbladder to the common bile duct.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: malate(out) + H+(out) = malate(in) + H+(in).


adhesion of symbiont to microvasculature

The adherence of symbiont-infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium via symbiont proteins embedded in the membrane of the erythrocyte.


inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation

The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G protein-coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site.


regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle recycling.


negative regulation of L-dopa biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-dopa biosynthetic process.


cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility

The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell from one place to another.


sensory perception of fast pain

The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds.


retinol binding

Binding to retinol, vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A. Retinol is an intermediate in the vision cycle and it also plays a role in growth and differentiation.


negative regulation of pentose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pentose catabolic process to ethanol.


ionotropic olfactory receptor activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific odorant has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


response to ciliary neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulus.


lipid glycosylation

Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule.


siderophore uptake transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(out) + H+(out) = siderophore-iron(ferrioxamine)(in) + H+(in).


platelet alpha granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet alpha granule. A platelet alpha granule is a secretory organelle found in blood platelets.


positive regulation of tendon cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tendon cell differentiation.


The disaggregation of a protein-carbohydrate complex into its constituent components.


positive regulation of xanthophore differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.


peptidyl-cysteine modification

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine.


modulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


box H/ACA snoRNA binding

Binding to a box H/ACA small nucleolar RNA.


diphosphate hydrolysis-driven proton transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: diphosphate + H+(in) + H2O = 2 H+(out) + 2 phosphate.


aggregation involved in sorocarp development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.


putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane by decarboxylation of ornithine.


histone H2BK12 acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2B L-lysine (position 12) = CoA + histone H2B N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 12).


negative regulation of phosphorelay signal transduction system

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a phosphorelay signal transduction system.


positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.


elongation factor-2 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [elongation factor 2] = ADP + [elongation factor 2] phosphate.


protein localization to cortical microtubule cytoskeleton

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location within the cortical microtubule cytoskeleton.


mRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an mRNA molecule.


selenite reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: SeO3(2-) + 3NADPH + 5H+ = H2Se + 3NADP+ + 3H2O.


mimosinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-mimosine + H2O = 3-hydroxy-4H-pyrid-4-one + L-serine.


CoA-ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: substrate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + substrate-CoA.


very long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation

A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway acting on a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons. The partway stars with the conversion of an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed by oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases. Fatty acid beta-oxidation begins with the addition of coenzyme A to a fatty acid, and ends when only two or three carbons remain (as acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA respectively).


C-C motif chemokine 19 receptor activity

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 19 (CCL19) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylene-L-glutamate + ATP + NH4 = 4-methylene-L-glutamine + AMP + diphosphate + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O + OH- = 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine + 4 H+ + 4 e- + methylamine.


regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.


NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis

The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.


cellular response to nickel ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel ion stimulus.


oligogalacturonide lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-D-galacturonate = 2 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate.


TORC1 complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a TORC1 complex.


focal adhesion assembly

The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.


N-acetylneuraminate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.


hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexachlorocyclohexane, a cyclohexane derivative with 6 chlorine atoms attached to the hexane ring. Hexachlorocyclohexane consists of a mixture of 8 different isomers and was used a commercial insecticide. It is persistent in the environment, causing serious soil pollution.


response to interleukin-13

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.


response to putrescine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a putrescine stimulus.


IMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving IMP, inosine monophosphate.


negative regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.


D(-)-tartrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-tartrate = H2O + oxaloacetate.


negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration.


positive regulation of ductus arteriosus closure

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ductus arteriosus closure.


linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Can also use a substrate with 3 double bonds (a (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA and add a fourth double bond (a (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoA).


negative regulation of long-chain fatty acid import into cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of long-chain fatty acid import into a cell.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin-I dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + prostaglandin I(2) = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin I(2) + H+ + NADPH.


response to interleukin-17

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


ferric triacetylfusarinine C:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ferric triacetylfusarinine C(out) + H+(out) = ferric triacetylfusarinine C(in) + H+(in).


cytoplasmic polyadenylation

Any process by which dormant, translationally inactive mRNAs become activated via the elongation of their poly(A) tails in the cytosol.


lactate racemization

Partial conversion of one lactate enantiomer into another so that the specific optical rotation is decreased, or even reduced to zero, in the resulting mixture.


regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death

Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activated T cell autonomous cell death.


mitochondrial tRNA pseudouridine synthesis

The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a mitochondrial tRNA molecule.


T cell homeostatic proliferation

The non-specific expansion of T cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of T cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.


hexose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a hexose sugar, a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms, from one side of a membrane to the other.


uterine gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an uterine gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling

Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling.


momilactone-A synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3beta-hydroxy-9beta-pimara-7,15-diene-19,6beta-olide + NAD(P) = momilactone A + H+ + NAD(P)H.


SREBP signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of decreased levels of one or more sterols (and in some yeast, changes in oxygen levels) and which proceeds through activation of a sterol response element binding transcription factor (SREBP) to result in up-regulation of target gene transcription.


otolith mineralization completed early in development

The formation of otoliths during embryogenesis with completion in early postembryonic development. Formation occurs by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate around an organic core of extracellular matrix proteins. Otoconia (otoliths) are small (~10 micron) dense extracellular particles present in the otolith end organs of the vertebrate inner ear.


nucleosome binding

Binding to a nucleosome, a complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.


xylan binding

Binding to xylan.


regulation of lymphatic vessel size

Any process that modulates the size of lymphatic vessels.


negative regulation of tyramine signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.


ISG15 conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of ISG15 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ISG15 + Y = Y-ISG15 + X, where both the X-ISG15 and Y-ISG15 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


ribosylnicotinamide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-ribosylnicotinamide + ATP = ADP + 2 H+ + nicotinamide mononucleotide.


acetolactate decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate = (R)-2-acetoin + CO2.


formyl-CoA transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formyl-CoA + oxalate = formate + oxalyl-CoA.


negative regulation of intracellular transport of viral material

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport of viral material.


translocation of peptides or proteins into host

The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


smoothened signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.


steroid 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + donor-H2 + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid + H2O.


oxamate carbamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: carbamoyl phosphate + oxamate = oxalurate + phosphate.


smooth muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis

Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.


regulation of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.


left ventricular trabecular myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac left ventricular trabecular myocardium are generated and organized.


transforming growth factor beta1 production

The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


3-phenanthrol sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-phenanthrol + X-SO3(-) = HX + 3-phenanthrylsulfate.


myeloid dendritic cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


negative regulation of T cell extravasation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation.


synaptic vesicle maturation

Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle.


anterograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling from presynapse to postynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by nitric oxide.


specification of segmental identity, labial segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the labial segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


negative regulation of cation transmembrane transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation transmembrane transport.


porin activity

Enables the transfer of substances, sized less than 1000 Da, from one side of a membrane to the other. The transmembrane portions of porins consist exclusively of beta-strands which form a beta-barrel. They are found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and possibly acid-fast Gram-positive bacteria.


response to anisomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anisomycin stimulus.


mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.


alkylglycerone kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O-alkylglycerone + ATP = O-alkylglycerone phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


U6 snRNA (adenine-(43)-N(6))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(43) in U6 snRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N(6)-methyladenine(43) in U6 snRNA.


Catalysis of the reaction: (5R)-3-hydroxymenthone + NAD+ = mentha-1,3-dione + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of helicase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a helicase.


regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a chemokine-mediated signaling pathway.


histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine ubiquitination

A histone ubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is added to a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, and K120 in mammals.


platelet-derived growth factor production

The appearance of any platelet-derived growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


beta-amylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n+1) + H2O = (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)(n-1) + alpha-maltose. This reaction is the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.


basement membrane disassembly involved in semicircular canal fusion

A process that results in the breakdown of the basement membrane that contributes to the process of semicircular canal fusion.


intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a steroid binding to an intracellular steroid hormone receptor.


unidirectional conjugation

The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells. Some or all of the chromosome(s) of the donor cell is transferred into the recipient cell.


negative regulation of prostatic bud formation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of prostatic bud formation, the morphogenetic process in which a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxypyridine + AH(2) + O2 = 2,5-dihydroxypyridine + A + H2O.


cellulosome assembly

The assembly of a cellulosome, a macromolecular multi-enzyme complex in bacteria that facilitates the breakdown of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectin in the plant cell wall.


protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine

The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine.


respiratory chain complex II assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II.


peptidyl-threonine adenylylation

The adenylylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine.


myxospore formation

The process in which differentiated, resting cells are formed, usually within a fruiting body by Myxobacteria. The myxospore is more resistant to high temperature, dessication, and UV than vegetative myxobacteria.


animal organ development

Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing N1-methyladenine.


negative regulation of seed maturation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed maturation.


B cell positive selection

Any process in which B cells are selected to survive based on signaling through the B cell antigen receptor.


positive regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.


T cell receptor V(D)J recombination

The process in which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).


regulation of heptasaccharide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heptasaccharide transport.


histone octamer slider activity

A chromatin remodeler activity that slides core histone octamers along chromosomal DNA.


unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-O-(4-deoxy-beta-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranose(1-) + H2O <=> (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + alpha-L-rhamnopyranose.


quinone cofactor methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine during the synthesis of quinone cofactors such as ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), menaquinone (vitamin K2), plastoquinone and phylloquinone (vitamin K1).


negative regulation of hindgut contraction

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.


regulation of lyase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.


cleistothecium formation

The process of producing a cleistothecium, a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci. Cleistothecia are present in some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + H2O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide.


aminophospholipid flippase activity

Enables the transfer of aminophospholipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaftlet of a membrane, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.


modulation by host of viral genome replication

A process in which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


cerebellar granular layer maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar granular layer to attain its fully functional state. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.


negative regulation of thymocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte migration.


positive regulation of apical ectodermal ridge formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.


immunoglobulin-mediated neutralization

The inhibition of an antigen's biological effects by antibody binding to it. An example is neutralization of diphtheria toxin by preventing its entry into human cells via the binding of antibody specific for diphtheria toxin.


mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


negative regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization.


establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation

Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + H2O = D-glucosamine + acetate.


specification of segmental identity, antennal segment

The specification of the characteristic structures of the antennal segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


Golgi calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-hydroxymethyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-oxomethyl-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


G protein-coupled chemorepellent receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. cytoskeleton reorganization.


phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + phytanoyl-CoA = 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA + CO2 + succinate.


The methylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-methionine.


chloroplast accumulation movement

The relocation process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 14betaH-scalarane-17alpha-19-diol <=> all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.


cellular response to radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.


metanephric long descending thin limb development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric long descending thin limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric long descending thin limb is the descending thin limb of a long nephron in the metanephros that has a squamous epithelial morphology. The long descending limb starts in the inner stripe of the outer medulla and extends into the inner medulla.


tensidol B catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tensidol B.


primary shoot apical meristem specification

The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers.


inhibition of host CRISPR-cas system by virus

A process by which a virus inhibits the CRISPR-cas system of its host.


(+)-beta-barbatene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> (+)-beta-barbatene + diphosphoric acid.


oculomotor nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the oculomotor nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.


ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme activity

Isoenergetic transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) from one protein to another molecule, usually another protein, via the reaction X-SCP + Y = Y-SCP + X, where both the X-SCP and Y-SCP linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SCP and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.


response to auxin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.


cyclic-di-GMP binding

Binding to cyclic-di-GMP, cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate.


linalool 8-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + linalool + O2 = (2E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,7-diene-1,6-diol + A + H2O.


protein refolding

The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


long-chain fatty acyl-CoA binding

Binding to a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


apoptotic process involved in luteolysis

The apoptotic process that contributes to luteolysis.


response to chlorate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.


galacturonan binding

Binding to a simple or complex galacturonan. Galacturonan is any glycan composed solely of galacturonic acid residues, a specific type of glycuronan, and a constituent of some pectins.


cell wall macromolecule catabolic process involved in cytogamy

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules forming part of a cell wall that contribute to cytogamy.


membrane tag activity

A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to a lipid, where it acts as a marker for a membrane, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as autophagy.


4-hydroxybutyrate receptor activity

Combining with 4-hydroxybutyrte to initiate a change in cell activity.


larval midgut cell programmed cell death

The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ.


transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type III

Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; facilitates ligand binding to type I and type II TGF-beta receptors.


peptide YY receptor activity

Combining with gut peptide YY to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of zoospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process in which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile mononucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.


protein localization to cell surface

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.


negative regulation of melanosome transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.


regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.


regulation of renal sodium excretion

Any process that modulates the amount of sodium excreted in urine over a unit of time.


IkappaB kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + IkappaB protein = ADP + IkappaB phosphoprotein.


tRNA U34 sulfurtransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: uridine34 in tRNA + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 2-thiouridine34 in tRNA + a [TusE sulfur carrier protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.


CTP-dependent diacylglycerol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CTP = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CDP + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 19-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-steviol + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> rubusoside + UDP + H+.


apical protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.


positive regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


bilobe structure assembly

The assembly and organization of a bilobe structure, a cytoskeletal structure in some kinetoplastid species linking the structures of the ciliary pocket collar and the flagellum attachment zone (aka cilium attachment zone).


tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue

Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).


positive regulation of response to food

Any process that activates, maintains, or increases the rate of a response to a food stimulus.


regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle modulating contraction

Any process that modulates velocity of shortening of a skeletal muscle contraction. The shortening leads to reduction of the length of muscle fibers and sarcomeres.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine = N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + L-glutamate.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorobenzoate + ATP + CoASH = AMP + diphosphate + 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl-CoA.


myosin heavy chain kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + myosin-heavy-chain = ADP + myosin-heavy-chain phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1,2-diacylglycerol = CoA + triacylglycerol.


peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-1-thioglycine from other compounds, including peptidyl-glycine.


post-embryonic forelimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an organism.


regulation of trophoblast cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.


Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol oxoanion + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3-O-methylkaempferol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


immature B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell.


regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.


lysine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NAD+ = 1,2-didehydropiperidine-2-carboxylate + NH3 + NADH.


sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by a sphingolipid.


uniporter activity

Catalysis of the transport of a single molecular species across a membrane; transport is independent of the movement of any other molecular species.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Q nucleoside precursor 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine, also known as 2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile or preQo.


FAT10 ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of FAT10 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-FAT10 + S = X + S-FAT10, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-FAT10 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-FAT10 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of FAT10 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


haltere disc morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the haltere disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of a haltere imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.


maltodextrin phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: maltodextrin = glucose-1-phosphate.


cellular response to thyroxine stimulus

A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroxine stimulus.


cellular response to magnesium starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.


detection of nutrient

The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


ciliary centrin arm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a ciliary centrin arm, a rod-shaped protein complex containing Centrin4 protein that flanks the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) filament and the quartet microtubules.


D-arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.


cap2 mRNA methylation

Methylation of the ribose of the first and second nucleotides of a 5'-capped mRNA.


norepinephrine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.


CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell costimulation

The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


S-lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = (S)-lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


non-kinase phorbol ester receptor activity

Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal by a mechanism independent of kinase activity.


leaf pavement cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an leaf pavement cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a leaf pavement cell fate.


GMP binding

Binding to GMP, guanosine monophosphate.


cellodextrin binding

Binding to a cellodextrin, a glucose polymer of 2 or more glucose monomers.


coreceptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell

The process by which a virion attaches to a host cell by binding to a co-receptor on the host cell surface.


regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity.


regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.


response to Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroglobulin triiodothyronine stimulus.


parthenolide 3beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: parthenolide + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 3beta-hydroxyparthenolide + NADP + H2O.


regulation of pro-B cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.


collagen catabolic process

The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells.