maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by somatic cells. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


phosphotransferase activity, carboxyl group as acceptor

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a carboxyl group (acceptor).


protoxylem development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the protoxylem over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The protoxylem comprises the first formed elements of the primary xylem.


gamma-linolenate elongase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + H+ = (8Z,11Z,14Z)-3-oxoicosa-8,11,14-trienoyl-CoA + coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.


axon guidance receptor activity

Combining with an extracellular messenger and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to results in a change in cellular activity involved in axon guidance.


response to bile acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.


(+)-kotanin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-kotanin.


FAD transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) from one side of a membrane to the other. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.


renal system process

A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).


alcohol O-cinnamoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose = beta-D-glucose + alkyl cinnamate.


stem cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell.


interleukin-1 production

The appearance of interleukin-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel through the plasma membrane of an AV node cardiac muscle cell contributing to the depolarization phase of an action potential. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


wall teichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.


trisporic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trisporic acid.


cardiac myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels

Any process involved in the maintenance of internal levels of plasma lipoprotein particles within an organism.


RNA polymerase II promoter clearance

A process that mediates the transition from the initiation to the elongation phases of transcription by RNA polymerase II, generally including a conformational change from the initiation conformation to the elongation conformation. Promoter clearance often involves breaking contact with transcription factors involved only in the initiation phase and making contacts with elongation specific factors.


abscisic aldehyde oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2 = abscisate + H2O2 + H+.


nicotinic acid receptor activity

Combining with nicotinic acid to initiate a change in cell activity.


choline O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + choline = acetylcholine + CoA.


kaempferol 3-sophoroside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyl(1->2)glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


labrum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the labrum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cardiac jelly development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac jelly over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac jelly is an acellular gelatinous matrix secreted by the myocardium and plays a central role in the septation of the heart.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.


GA5 2,3 epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A5 + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate <=> gibberellin A6 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


cranial nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


sepiapterin deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: sepiapterin + H2O = xanthopterin-B2 + NH3.


2-methylisocitrate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = cis-2-methylaconitate + H2O.


15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (5Z,13E)-(15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate + NAD+ = (5Z,13E)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-13-enoate + NADH + H+.


pigment biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.


positive regulation of wax biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of wax biosynthetic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside = CoA + 3-N-acetylaminoglycoside. This is acetylation of the 3-amino group of the central deoxystreptamine ring.


detection of brassinosteroid stimulus

The series of events in which a brassinosteroid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


positive regulation of neutrophil mediated cytotoxicity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.


naphthalene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphthalene.


dimethylsilanediol hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dimethylsilanediol + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + hydroxymethylmethylsilanediol.


renal potassium excretion

The elimination of potassium ions from peritubular capillaries (or surrounding hemolymph in invertebrates) into the renal tubules to be incorporated subsequently into the urine.


3'-tRNA processing endoribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA, removing extra 3' nucleotides from tRNA precursor, generating 3' termini of tRNAs. A 3'-hydroxy group is left at the tRNA terminus and a 5'-phosphoryl group is left at the trailer molecule.


C-terminal protein demethylation

The removal of a methyl group from the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.


homoglutathione synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: beta-alanine + L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP = gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-alanine + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


neural plate anterior/posterior regionalization

The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the neural plate.


acetyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


female genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transport.


mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


thalianol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the triterpene thalianol.


exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 5'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 5'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


catalytic activity, acting on a glycoprotein

Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures in which one of the substrates is a glycoprotein.


L-glycol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an L-glycol + NAD(P)+ = a 2-hydroxycarbonyl compound + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: indol-3-ylmethylamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


RNA guanylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the posttranscriptional addition of a guanyl residue to the 5' end of an RNA molecule.


snRNA localization to Cajal body

The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid, to a Cajal body.


L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.


mitochondrial tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a mitochondrial tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


jasmonyl-Ile conjugate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: jasmonyl-Ile + H2O = jasmonic acid + L-isoleucine.


positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity.


coniferin beta-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + coniferin = D-glucose + coniferol.


L-tryptophan,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating, decarboxylating)

Catalyzes the multi-step reaction: L-Tryptophan + 2 Oxygen + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ = Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime + 3 H2O + 2 NADP+ + CO2. The individual reactions are: (1a) L-tryptophan + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O,(1b) N-hydroxy-L-tryptophan + O2 + NADPH + H+ = N,N-dihydroxy-L-tryptophan + NADP+ + H2O, and (1c) N,N-dihydroxy-L-tryptophan = (E)-indol-3-ylacetaldoxime + CO2 + H2O.


dorsal closure, amnioserosa morphology change

The changes that occur during dorsal closure of the shape and structure of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies the dorsal side of the embryo.


double-strand break repair via break-induced replication

The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome.


regulation of negative chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.


fucose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).


negative regulation of anther dehiscence

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anther dehiscence.


pollen tube guidance

The process in which the growth of pollen tube is directed towards the female gametophyte.


protein sialylation

A protein modification process that results in the addition of a sialic acid unit to the end of an oligosaccharide chain in a glycoprotein.


coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H+ + O2 = 2 CO2 + 2 H2O + protoporphyrinogen IX.


perturbation of host T-cell mediated immune response

A process in which an organism effects a change that affects the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-phospho-D-ribosylamine + ATP + glycine = N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate.


regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding of sperm to the zona pellucida.


positive regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway.


cellular response to homocysteine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a homocysteine stimulus.


rRNA (cytosine) methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing methylcytosine.


negative regulation of sequestering of calcium ion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium

Attaching of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle to the epithelium underlying it. An example of this process is found in Caenorhabditis elegans.


negative regulation of entry of bacterium into host cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of entry of bacterium into host cell.


medial fin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. A medial fin is an unpaired fin of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.


positive regulation of nervous system process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.


vitelline membrane formation involved in chorion-containing eggshell formation

Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of a chorion-containing eggshell. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


response to interferon-beta

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon.


lutein oxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lutein + 2 O2 = 3-hydroxy-beta-ionone + 3-hydroxy-alpha-ionone + 4,9-dimethyldodeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenedial.


Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell outer membrane assembly

The assembly of an outer membrane of the type formed in Gram-negative bacteria. This membrane is enriched in polysaccharide and protein, and the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.


phenolic phthiocerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenolic phthiocerol, a phthiocerol derivative having a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at the 29-position.


invagination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second

The infolding of the epithelial sheet into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.


establishment of secretory granule localization

The directed movement of a secretory granule to a specific location.


regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to zinc ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


regulation of iridophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.


regulation of intracellular signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.


spermine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of spermine from one side of a membrane to the other. Spermine is a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.


foam cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.


positive regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.


CGU codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CGU codon.


white fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


carnosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the dipeptide beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine).


L-isoleucine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-isoleucine.


hydroxy-nicotine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + hydrogen peroxide.


MHC class I protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


negative regulation of pro-T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation.


epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epithelial cell within an open tracheal system regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Tracheal cells are set aside as 10 clusters of approximately 80 cells on each side of the embryo (termed tracheal placodes). An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.


intermediate mesodermal cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an intermediate mesoderm cell.


regulation of cyanophore differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: naphthyl-2-methyl-succinyl-CoA = naphthyl-2-methylene-succinyl-CoA + 2 H+ + 2 e-.


negative regulation of egg-laying behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oviposition.


anterior compartment pattern formation

The process giving rise to specification of cell identity in the anterior compartments of the segmented embryo.


ATPase-coupled phosphate ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + phosphate(out) = ADP + phosphate + phosphate(in).


creatinine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.


protein hexamerization

The formation of a protein hexamer, a macromolecular structure consisting of six noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.


negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


replacement bone morphogenesis

The process in which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of another structural tissue into bone.


selenium compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that contain selenium, such as selenocysteine.


S phase

The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place.


tocopherol omega-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tocopherol + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 13'-hydroxy-tocopherol + NADP+ + H2O .


anterior cibarial plate development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior cibarial plate over time, from their formation to the mature structure.


columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


lymphatic endothelial cell fate commitment

The commitment of a venous blood vessel endothelial cell to a lymphatic endothelial cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a lymphatic endothelial cell.


sequestering of neurotransmitter

The process of binding or confining a neurotransmitter such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.


diaphragm contraction

A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange.


post-embryonic hindgut morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with chlorine atoms attached to positions 1, 2 and 4 of the ring. It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent in chemical manufacturing, in dyes and intermediates, dielectric fluid, synthetic transformer oils, lubricants, heat-transfer medium and insecticides.


negative regulation of chromosome separation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome separation.


1-phosphatidylinositol binding

Binding to a phosphatidylinositol, a glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.


peptidyl-threonine palmitoylation

The covalent attachment of a palmitoyl group to an oxygen (O) atom in a threonine residue to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-threonine.


cell wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.


negative regulation of response to salt stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + 2 ferricytochrome c = L-ascorbate + 2 ferrocytochrome c.


ventricular cardiac muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + UDP-D-galactose = D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R + H+ + UDP.


nucleotide-sulfate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of nucleotide-sulfate from one side of a membrane to the other.


kaempferol 3-gentiobioside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol-3-gentiobioside + UDP-L-rhamnose = H+ + kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

The migration of an epidermal cell along or through a wound gap that contributes to the reestablishment of a continuous epidermis.


regulation of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation.


G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a receptor binding to extracellular adenosine and transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex to initiate a change in cell activity.


response to vasopressin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vasopressin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + O2 + 4 H+ = 2-octaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol + H2O.


detoxification of free heme

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of free heme. These include transport of heme away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of heme.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + phosphatidate = diphosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol.


spermine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermine = 1,3-diaminopropane + H2O2 + N-(3-aminopropyl)-4-aminobutanal.


fimbrial usher porin activity

A porin that acts in the assembly of fimbria together with fimbrial chaperone.


palmitoyl-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + palmitic acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + palmitoyl-CoA.


isopenicillin-N synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 = 2 H2O + isopenicillin N.


inhibitory MHC class I receptor activity

Combining with a MHC class I protein complex to mediate signaling that inhibits activation of a lymphocyte.


regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.


Golgi localization

Any process in which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


cellular response to carbon dioxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.


cell projection morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized.


response to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fibroblast growth factor stimulus.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.


hindbrain maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hindbrain to attain its fully functional state. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis.


phenylethylamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-4-coumarate + UDP-D-glucose = 4'-O-beta-D-glucosyl-cis-4-coumarate + H+ + UDP.


membrane assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane.


manganese peroxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Mn2+ + 2 H+ + hydrogen peroxide = 2 Mn3+ + 2 H2O.


cellular response to cell wall damage

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cell wall damage. The process begins with detection of the damage and ends with a change in state or activity of the cell.


positive regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached.


flight behavior

The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air.


response to farnesol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a farnesol stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoA + NADH + O2 + H+ = lesqueroloyl-CoA + NAD + H2O.


innate vocalization behavior

A vocalisation behavior that is innate, i.e. that does not need to be learned in order to occur.


2-enoate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: butanoate + NAD+ = 2-butenoate + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of hemocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.


regulation of mitotic centrosome separation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis.


establishment of chromosome localization

The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location.


ferredoxin-NAD(P) reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced ferredoxin + NAD(P)+ = oxidized ferredoxin + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 5-O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-glutamyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


muscle structure development

The progression of a muscle structure over time, from its formation to its mature state. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms.


negative regulation of shoot apical meristem development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of shoot apical meristem development.


toluene-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, methylbenzene (formula C7H8), or any of its derivatives.


positive regulation of mesodermal cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesodermal cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the transfer an alpha-D-glucosyl residue in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan to the primary hydroxy group of glucose, free or combined in a (1->4)-alpha-D-glucan.


ecdysone oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Ecdysone + O2 = 3-dehydroecdysone + H2O2.


sucrose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sucrose from one side of a membrane to the other. Sucrose is the disaccharide O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a sweet-tasting, non-reducing sugar isolated industrially from sugar beet or sugar cane.


cellular response to GW 7647

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a GW 7647 stimulus.


regulation of homocysteine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.


stachyose galactinol:verbascose galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: stachyose + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol <=> verbascose + myo-inositol.


regulation of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein activated inward rectifier potassium channel activity.


alpha-mannosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides.


mesenchymal-epithelial cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an epithelial cell where it is received and interpreted.


cellular response to gastrin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gastrin stimulus.


chloroplast organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chloroplast.


Catalysis of the methylthiolation (-SCH3 addition) at the C2 of the adenosine ring of N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A) in tRNA, to form 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine (ms2i6A).


arsenate reductase activity

Catalysis of the interconversion of arsenate and arsenite.


tryptophan catabolic process to catechol

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including catechol.


methylselenol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + CH3SeOH => NADP+ + CH3SeH + H2O.


dorsal cochlear nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


alpha-pinene monooxygenase [NADH] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-pinene + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + alpha-pinene oxide.


leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the leg imaginal disc, a precursor to the adult leg.


visceral mesoderm-endoderm interaction involved in midgut development

The process of cell-cell signaling between visceral mesoderm cells and endoderm cells that is involved in the differentiation of cells in the midgut.


proteolysis within endosome associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by endosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


intracellular sulfate ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sulfate ions within a cell.


protein geranylgeranylation

The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl group to a protein.


N-carbamoylputrescine amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoylputrescine + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + NH4 + putrescine.


post-embryonic ectodermal digestive tract development

The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


photosynthetic electron transport chain

A process, occurring as part of photosynthesis, in which light provides the energy for a series of electron carriers to operate together to transfer electrons and generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


Catalysis of the reaction: DNA containing 3-methyladenine + H2O = DNA with abasic site + 3-methyladenine. This reaction is the hydrolysis of DNA by cleavage of the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the damaged DNA 3-methyladenine and the deoxyribose sugar to remove the 3-methyladenine, leaving an abasic site.


regulation of vasculogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.


regulation of Roundabout signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Roundabout signaling pathway.


calcium-independent protein kinase C activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol but not calcium.


cellular response to histidine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.


positive regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.


melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with melanocyte-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


telomere localization

Any process in which a telomere is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


regulation of phospholipase A2 activity

Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.


envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + 1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol = raffinose + myo-inositol.


arsenate reductase (donor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + arsenite + H2O = AH(2) + arsenate + 2 H+.


cellular response to blue light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.


xanthophyll biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthiopentyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 5-methylthiopentyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


aerobic respiration, using ammonia as electron donor

The metabolic process in which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen; enzymatic reactions convert ammonia to hydrazine, and hydrazine to nitrite.


phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine = NH4 + trans-cinnamate.


sesquiterpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.


complement component C3d receptor activity

Combining with the C3d product of the complement cascade and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


muscle thin filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


cellular response to fluoride

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + 2-oxopropanoate = pyruvate + beta-alanine.


anaphase-promoting complex binding

Binding to an anaphase-promoting complex. A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis.


negative regulation of neutrophil differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.


negative regulation of basidiospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP-galactose = 3-beta-D-galactosyl-4-beta-D-galactosyl-O-beta-D-xylosylprotein + UDP.


tRNA wobble position uridine thiolation

The process in which a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.


piRNA binding

Binding to a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


B cell chemotaxis across high endothelial venule

The movement of a B cell to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.


Wnt signalosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a Wnt signalosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate + Renilla luciferin = adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + H+ + luciferyl sulfate.


regulation of gastrulation

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.


very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly

The non-covalent aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a very-low-density lipoprotein particle.


natural killer cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


chloroplast RNA processing

The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a chloroplast genome into one or more mature RNA molecules.


ecdysteroid 22-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the hydroxylation of an ecdysteroid at carbon position 22.


glutamic-type peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism involving a glutamate/glutamine catalytic dyad.


signal transduction downstream of smoothened

The series of molecular signals that are initiated by the transmembrane protein Smoothened. In the presence of a Hedgehog signaling molecule, the Patched protein no longer inhibits the activity of Smoothened, and Smoothened signals via the Hedgehog signaling complex to activate downstream components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.


cellular homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell.


negative regulation of thymine transport

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of thymine, 5-methyluracil, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to chemical stimulus.


catecholamine binding

Binding to catecholamine.


glutamine catabolic process to fumarate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine into other compounds, including fumarate.


extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity

A component of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.


regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system

Ensuring that tracheal cells form and maintain tubular structures with the correct size and shape for their position in the network. This is essential for efficient flow of gases through the tracheal network.


lipoic acid binding

Binding to lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid.


lycopene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lycopene.


trichome morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


regulation of T cell tolerance induction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.


gramicidin S catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gramicidin S.


proteoglycan sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + proteoglycan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + proteoglycan sulfate. A proteoglycan is a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


3-oxoadipyl-CoA thiolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoadipyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidylcholine.


U1 snRNA binding

Binding to a U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA).


apiogalacturonan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectic apiogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted with apiose and apiobiose (D-apiofuranosyl-beta-(1->3)-D-apiose) side chains via O-2 or O-3 links.


negative regulation of oocyte development

Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amides

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amide.


Catalysis of the reaction: aldose 1-phosphate + ADP = phosphate + ADP-aldose.


monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine meta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: monoferuloyl di-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADPH + O2 = tri-(hydroxyferuloyl) spermidine + NADP+ + H2O.


regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis.


regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


cardiac pacemaker cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pacemaker cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.


glucuronate catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.


calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity

Calmodulin-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + a protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate; and ATP + a protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.


lateral mesodermal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a lateral mesoderm cell.


negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).


Catalysis of the reaction: [thioredoxin]-dithiol + a hydroperoxide = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + an alcohol + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate = CO2 + 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate.


regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation

Any process in which skeletal muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.


poly(beta-D-mannuronate) lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues = oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl end. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing beta-D-mannuronate residues to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-erythro-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl groups at their ends.


Catalysis of the reaction: UTP + (protein-PII) = diphosphate + uridylyl-(protein-PII).


positive regulation of exit from meiosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exit from meiosis.


structural constituent of cutaneous appendage

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of cutaneous epidermal structures such as hairs, scales, or feathers.


aerobic phenol-containing compound catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.


regulation of netrin-activated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway.


specification of metanephric proximal tubule identity

The process in which the proximal tubule of the metanephric nephron acquires its identity.


S-adenosyl-L-methionine:benzoic acid carboxyl methyl transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = methylbenzoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population contributing to sprouting angiogenesis.


abscisic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness

The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.


protein localization to prospore membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a prospore membrane.


angiotensin type II receptor activity

An angiotensin receptor activity that acts via Gi protein coupling and cGMP (NO) generation, and may also act via additional signaling mechanisms.


limb spinous cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a limb spinous cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


cyanoamino acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanoamino acids, amino acid derivatives that contain a cyanide group.


beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminides.


regulation of pharynx morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pharynx morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structure of the pharynx is generated and organized.


basal dendrite morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a basal dendrite are generated and organized.


cellular response to selenium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.


contact chemoreceptor activity

A non-GPCR transmembrane signaling receptor activity that is responsible for contact chemoreception.


Catalysis of the reaction: para-aminobenzoyl-glutamate + H2O = para-aminobenzoate + L-glutamate.


regulation of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis.


attachment of GPI anchor to protein

A transamidation reaction that results in the cleavage of the polypeptide chain and the concomitant transfer of the GPI anchor to the newly formed carboxy-terminal amino acid of the anchored protein. The cleaved C-terminal contains the C-terminal GPI signal sequence of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain.


regulation of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structure of the imaginal disc-derived leg joint is generated and organized.


response to GW 7647

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a GW 7647 stimulus.


intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when intracellular cAMP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts, to regulate the postsynaptic membrane potential.


negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.


response to polyamine macromolecule

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polyamine macromolecule stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: coenzyme B + methyl-coenzyme M = coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide + methane. Methyl-CoM is also known as 2-(methylthio)ethanesulfonate, coenzyme B as N-(7-mercaptoheptanoyl)threonine 3-O-phosphate, and coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide as CoM-S-S-CoB.


CENP-A containing nucleosome binding

Binding to a centromere-specific nucleosome, a form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).


pancreatic polypeptide receptor activity

Combining with pancreatic polypeptide PP to initiate a change in cell activity.


peroxisome localization

Any process in which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.


cellular response to serotonin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation.


skeletal muscle myosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in skeletal muscle.


negative regulation of cellular response to heat

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose + H2O <=> 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranose + GDP + H+.


citrate-L-glutamate ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + citrate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + beta-citryl-L-glutamate.


mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit.


response to high population density

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a higher than normal number of multicellular organisms living per unit area.


protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine

The glycosylation of protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine forming N4-glycosyl-L-asparagine; the most common form is N-acetylglucosaminyl asparagine; N-acetylgalactosaminyl asparagine and N4 glucosyl asparagine also occur. This modification typically occurs in extracellular peptides with an N-X-(ST) motif. Partial modification has been observed to occur with cysteine, rather than serine or threonine, in the third position; secondary structure features are important, and proline in the second or fourth positions inhibits modification.


transmembrane histidine kinase cytokinin receptor activity

Combining with a cytokinin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-histidine = ADP + a protein-L-histidine phosphate.


regulation of sclerenchyma cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sclerenchyma cell differentiation.


maintenance of protein location in cell cortex of cell tip

A process in which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex of a cell tip, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. The cell cortex of a cell tip is the region directly beneath the plasma membrane at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


TAP complex binding

Binding to a TAP complex.


regulation of backward locomotion

Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism.


myo-inositol transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of myo-inositol from one side of a membrane to the other. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.


molybdenum incorporation via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.


neutrophil aggregation

The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.


bacteriochlorophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.


(R)-2-methylmalate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-citramalate = 2-methylmaleate + H2O.


nuclear steroid receptor activity

Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.


arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-arogenate + NADP+ = L-tyrosine + NADPH + CO2.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate + GTP + H+ = diphosphate + GDP-beta-L-fucose.


picolinic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving picolinic acid.


negative regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell wall biogenesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-C-terminal L-amino acid-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamide + H2O = [protein]-C-terminal L-amino acid-glycine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. An example of this reaction is the removal of ATG8 from membranes to which it is covalently linked to a phosphatidylethanolamid via its terminal glycine residue.


polyphosphate-mediated signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another using polyphosphate as the signal.


alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alcohol + NAD(P)+ = an aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+.


lung cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


superior reticular formation development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


glycerol dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glycerol + NADP+ = D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acetyl-L-aspartate + L-glutamate = ADP + phosphate + N-acetylaspartyl-glutamate.


proboscis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the proboscis are generated and organized. The proboscis is the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult head.


negative regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.


4-toluenecarboxylate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.


adenyl deoxyribonucleotide binding

Binding to an adenyl deoxyribonucleotide, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose moiety.


response to fatty acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.


NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H+ + a quinone = NAD+ + a quinol.


establishment of protein localization to organelle

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle.


endocardial cushion formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.


xylulokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylulose + ATP = D-xylulose 5-phosphate + ADP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of defense response to bacterium

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to bacterium.


positive regulation by symbiont of ethylene levels in host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid + ATP + CoASH = cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoyl-CoA + AMP + PPi.


T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell

A process of tolerance induction dependent on T cells which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.


lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.


cyanidin 3,7-diglucoside glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + H2O <=> cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + beta-D-glucose.


subpallium glioblast cell division

The division of glioblasts in the subpallium. These cells will give rise to oligodendrocytes.


reproductive fruiting body development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a reproductive fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A reproductive fruiting body is a multicellular reproductive structure that contains spores.


protein carboxylation

The addition of a carboxy group to a protein amino acid.


cerebellar Purkinje cell-granule cell precursor cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation

The process that mediates the transfer of information from Purkinje cells to granule cell precursors resulting in an increase in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.


Binding a substrate via a thioester at the terminal thiol of a covalentely linked phosphopantetheine prosthetic group and mediating protein-protein interactions with cognate enzymes for processing or offloading of the thiol-bound substrate.


glutamate catabolic process to oxaloacetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including oxaloacetate.


asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore

The formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from mitosis.


mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GTP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GTP = diphosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose.


phosphatidylcholine binding

Binding to a phosphatidylcholine, a glycophospholipid in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + glyoxylate = pyruvate + glycine.


response to stilbenoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of exposure to a stilbenoid. Stilbenoids are secondary products of heartwood formation in trees that can act as phytoalexins. Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene. They belong to the family of phenylpropanoids and share most of their biosynthesis pathway with chalcones.


mitotic G2 cell cycle arrest in response to glucose starvation

The process in which the mitotic cell cycle is halted during G2 phase as a result of deprivation of glucose.


cellular response to 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine stimulus.


CDP-diacylglycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.


purine nucleobase metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.


acyl-CoA binding

Binding to an acyl-CoA, a thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid.


positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> H+ + 5-(pentadeca-8,11,14-trien-1-yl)resorcinol monomethyl ether + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


transitional two stage B cell differentiation

The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T2 stage B cells in the spleen. T2 stage B cells express CD23 but not CD21.


phytyl diphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.


cell wall polysaccharide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides.


Catalysis of the reaction: nitrilotriacetate + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + glyoxylate + iminodiacetate.


positive regulation of dendritic spine development

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


face morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head.


RNA trimethylguanosine synthase activity

Catalysis of two successive methyl transfer reactions from AdoMet to the N-2 atom of guanosine, thereby converting 7-methylguanosine in an RNA cap to 2,2,7 trimethylguanosine.


aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + acceptor = a carboxylate + reduced acceptor.


teliospore formation

The set of processes leading to the formation of a thick-walled resting or over-wintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-NH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces oxygen.


establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization

Any process that results in the directed movement of mRNA to the oocyte pole plasm.


synaptic vesicle membrane organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle.


cellular response to water stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.


leukotriene D4 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leukotriene D4.


pyocyanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrocyanin, an iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group.


negative regulation of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor.


positive regulation of cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.


negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development.


adult chitin-based cuticle development

Synthesis and deposition of the chitin-based cuticle of adults following the apolysis of the pupal cuticle. The adult insect cuticle contains cuticullin, a protein epicuticle and a lamellate procuticle. An example of this process is adult chitin-based cuticle development in Drosophila melanogaster.


Catalysis of the reaction: isovaleryl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA = 4 CoASH + 3 CO2 + 3-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)butan-1-one.


axonogenesis

De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.


tube development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.


spermine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.


negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


positive regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.


response to hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.


cell motility in response to calcium ion

Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.


leukotriene signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by leukotriene binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation by host of viral process

A process in which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of a process being mediated by a virus with which it is infected.


malyl-CoA lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3S)-3-carboxy-3-hydroxypropanoyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + glyoxylate.


light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a voltage-gated channel that is activated in response to light. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


regulation of microglia differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.


positive regulation of leukocyte activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.


regulation of aconitate hydratase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aconitate hydratase activity.


interferon-tau production

The appearance of interferon-tau due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


early neuron fate commitment in forebrain

The commitment of neuroepithelial cell to become a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.


D-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of D-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. D-amino acids are the D-enantiomers of amino acids.


active borate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transport of borate across a membrane against the concentration gradient.


ERBB3 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB3 on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB3 receptors have impaired kinase activity and rely on the kinase activity of the heterodimer partner for activation and signal transmission.


formation of radial glial scaffolds

The formation of scaffolds from a radial glial cell. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.


photosystem II repair

Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the photosystem II following photoinhibition.


cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NAD+ = 3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of any pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction.


Harderian gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Harderian gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species.


positive regulation of cell population proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.


pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-pyrrolysine + tRNA(Pyl) = AMP + diphosphate + L-pyrrolysyl-tRNA(Pyl).


positive regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuroepithelial cell differentiation.


nucleus-vacuole junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction (NVJ), membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p. The NVJ plays roles in piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus and in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway.


17-beta-ketosteroid reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 17-beta-ketosteroid + NADPH + H+ = a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+.


urea transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of urea from one side of a membrane to the other. Urea is the water soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine.


endomitotic cell cycle

A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.


root development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root is the water- and mineral-absorbing part of a plant which is usually underground, does not bear leaves, tends to grow downwards and is typically derived from the radicle of the embryo.


cell wall chitin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.


protein malonylation

The modification of a protein amino acid by the addition of a malonyl (CO-CH2-CO) group.


sulfur amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfur amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulphur amino acids contain sulfur in the form of cystine, methionine or their derivatives.


positive regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.


vacuolar calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions in the vacuole or between a vacuole and its surroundings.


GTP diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GMP + H+ + diphosphate.


imaginal disc-derived genitalia development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


intracellular oxygen homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of oxygen within a cell.


cardioblast cell fate determination

The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


dehydrogluconate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + A = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + AH(2).


host interaction involved in quorum sensing

A quorum sensing process that is modulated by some interaction with a host cell or organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: gluconapin + a reduced electron acceptor + O2 = xi-progoitrin + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


spermatid nucleus differentiation

The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization.


positive regulation of defecation rhythm

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defecation rhythm.


averantin hydroxylase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: (1'S)-averantin + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 <=> (1'S,5'S)-5'-hydroxyaverantin + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O. Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.


purine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine deoxyribonucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


regulation of osmosensory signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling pathway.


neutrophil extravasation

The migration of a neutrophil from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.


ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ribosomal protein S6 + ATP = ribosomal protein S6 phosphate + ATP.


anterior semicircular canal development

The progession of the anterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


learning

Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.


endocytosis, site selection

The process of selecting and or marking the position where endocytosis will occur.


positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.


mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: formaldehyde + mycothiol + NAD+ = S-formylmycothiol + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of iodide transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iodide transport.


regulation of developmental process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).


B cell anergy

Any process contributing to anergy in B cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of B cell tolerance induction.


active transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from one side of a membrane to the other, up the solute's concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction.


axon regeneration at neuromuscular junction

The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage at the neuromuscular junction. Motor axons regenerate after injury and they form neuro-muscular junctions with skeletal myofibers similar to normal ones.


animal organ maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an animal organ to attain its fully functional state. An organ is a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


regulation of epithelial cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


regulation of short-term synaptic potentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-term synaptic potentiation.


positive regulation of bile acid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue.


low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a low-density lipoprotein particle receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.


response to antimetabolite

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimetabolite stimulus. An antimetabolite is a substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization.


Catalysis of the reaction: P1-P6-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate + H2O = AMP + adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate.


genital disc pattern formation

The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the genital imaginal disc.


ornithine cyclodeaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine = L-proline + NH4.


pigment metabolic process involved in pigmentation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, resulting in the deposition or aggregation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell.


positive regulation of stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of any stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction.


protein maturation by copper ion transfer

A process that contributes to the delivery of copper ions to a target protein.


activin binding

Binding to activin, a dimer of inhibin-beta subunits.


negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ion transporter.


dopaminergic neuron axon guidance

The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone of a dopaminergic neuron to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.


anaerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the absence of oxygen.


mating-type alpha-factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with the mating-type alpha-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


ketohexokinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 1-phosphate.


thiamine pyrophosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of thiamine pyrophosphate a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.


negative regulation of cellular defense response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the cellular defense response.


acyl-CoA desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH2 + O2 + octadecanoyl-CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + A + 2 H2O.


pronephric duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney.


estrogen 2-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: estrogen + donor-H2 + O2 = 2-hydroxyestrogen + H2O.


cell killing

Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.


anandamide epoxidase activity

Catalysis of the epoxidation of double bonds of the arachidonoyl moiety of anandamide.


superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity

A copper chaperone activity that specifically delivers copper to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, to activate superoxide dismutase activity.


detection of light stimulus

The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal.


protein localization to microtubule end

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule end.


N-terminal protein formylation

The formylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.


regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in ureteric bud formation.


cytosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.


estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17-beta + NAD(P)+ = estrone + NAD(P)H + H+. The activity can use NAD+ or NADP+ as the acceptor.


gibberellin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of gibberellin from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation.


The phosphopantetheinylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phosphopantetheine-L-serine.


D-threonine aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-threonine (or D-allo-threonine) = glycine + acetaldehyde.


capsule poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.


D-cysteine desulfhydrase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-cysteine + H2O = sulfide + NH3 + pyruvate.


negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


hyaluronoglucuronidase activity

Catalysis of the random hydrolysis of 1,3-linkages between beta-D-glucuronate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in hyaluronate.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin and contributing to cardiac muscle cell fate commitment. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


spliceosomal complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a spliceosomal complex, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions.


calcium-dependent cell-matrix adhesion

The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.


detection of temperature stimulus

The series of events in which a temperature stimulus (hot or cold) is received and converted into a molecular signal.


C-C motif chemokine 21 receptor activity

Combining with the C-C motif chemokine 21 (CCL21) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


protein localization to nucleus

A process in which a protein transports or maintains the localization of another protein to the nucleus.


RNA localization

A process in which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


phosphoadenylylsulfatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + H2O = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + sulfate.


diol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diol, a compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic.


cis-acting DNA replication termination

A DNA replication termination process that is initiated by protein binding to a binding site on the same chromosome, but remote from the termination site, via DNA looping or chromosome kissing.


cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + acceptor = cellobiono-1,5-lactone + reduced acceptor.


lutein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform lutein.


cellular response to ionizing radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


positive regulation of retrograde axon cargo transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde axon cargo transport.


DNA-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to a DNA molecule.


Photinus-luciferin 4-monooxygenase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + ATP + Photinus luciferin = light + diphosphate + AMP + CO2 + oxidized Photinus luciferin.


Catalysis of the reaction: P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate + H2O = 2 ADP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (S)-reticuline.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 4'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


extraembryonic membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an extraembryonic membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


behavioral defense response to insect

A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.