induction by virus of host cell-cell fusion

The process of syncytia-forming cell-cell fusion, caused by a virus.


growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.


negative regulation by symbiont of host cholinergic synaptic transmission

Any process in which a symbiont organism negatively regulates cholinergic synaptic transmission, communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse via the neurotransmitter choline, in its host organism.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + campesterol + O2 + NADPH <=> (22S)-22-hydroxycampesterol + H2O + NADP.


15-cis-phytoene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate -> 15-cis-phytoene + 2 diphosphate.


cardiac muscle cell-cardiac muscle cell adhesion

The attachment of one cardiomyocyte to another cardiomyocyte via adhesion molecules.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-(L-gamma-glutamylamino)butanoate + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + L-glutamate.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


vancomycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.


negative regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell.


positive regulation of keratinocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.


aspartate binding

Binding to aspartate, the alpha-amino-acid anion of 2-aminobutanedioic acid that has formula C4H5NO4.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


response to p-xylene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a p-xylene stimulus.


regulation of border follicle cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.


larval lymph gland hemopoiesis

The production of blood cells from the larval lymph gland. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.


response to gibberellin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.


extracellular ATP signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of extracellular ATP.


steroid 17-alpha-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a steroid + AH2 + O2 = a 17a-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O.


pantetheine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + pantetheine = ADP + pantetheine 4'-phosphate.


ossification involved in bone maturation

The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.


regulation of acrosome reaction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methylthiobutyl-desulfoglucosinolate + 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate = 4-methylthiobutyl-glucosinolate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate.


regulation of plant organ formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant organ formation.


hepaticobiliary system process

An system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the hepaticobiliary system. The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins.


inositol 3-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+.


cortical microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.


regulation of defense response to insect

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense response to insect.


deaminated glutathione amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-(4-oxoglutarate)-L-cysteinylglycine + H2O = 2-oxoglutarate + L-cysteinylglycine.


sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by sphingosine-1-phosphate binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


oleate peroxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: oleate + a lipid hydroperoxide <=> 9,10-epoxystearate + a lipid alcohol.


myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.


detection of cytokinin stimulus

The series of events in which a cytokinin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH(2). Note that this reaction has only been observed to occur in the opposite direction.


carbazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.


closure of optic fissure

The closure of the temporary ventral gap in the optic cup that contributes to its shaping.


interleukin-1 beta production

The appearance of interleukin-1 beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


phorbol ester receptor activity

Combining with a phorbol ester and transmitting the signal to initiate a change in cell activity.


double-stranded miRNA binding

Binding to double-stranded miRNA. double-stranded miRNA is formed by processing of pre-miRNA stem-loop structures.


4 iron, 3 sulfur cluster binding

Binding to a 4 iron, 3 sulfur (4Fe-3S) cluster, an uncommon iron-sulfur cluster with unique properties found in oxygen-tolerant Ni-Fe hydrogenases of various bacteria.


hydroxyethylthiazole kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole + ATP = 4-methyl-5-(2-phosphoethyl)-thiazole + ADP + 2 H+.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-23 binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


verbascose synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 stachyose <=> verbascose + raffinose.


retinal cone cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


cellular response to reactive nitrogen species

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive nitrogen species stimulus.


regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.


septin ring disassembly

The controlled breakdown of a septin ring.


prenol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: prenol + nucleoside triphosphate = prenyl phosphate + nucleoside diphosphate activity.


(-)-lactol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (-)-lactol + NAD <=> H+ + (-)-matairesinol + NADH.


mesonephric interstitial fibroblast differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the interstitial fibroblasts of the mesonephros as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


response to prostaglandin E

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.


septin cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising septin complexes and their associated proteins.


cell adhesion involved in amphid sensory organ dendrite retrograde extension

The directed, self-propelled movement of a neuron that contributes to the process of retrograde extension of a dendrite in a neuron of the amphid sensory organ.


regulatory T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex

The binding of a peptide antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.


cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxidized lipoprotein particle stimulus.


regulation of pancreatic A cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic A cell differentiation.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.


detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide. These include transport of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration.


regulation of pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any pyloric antrum smooth muscle contraction.


G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding

Binding to a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits.


negative regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.


tensidol A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving tensidol A.


positive regulation of ascus development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.


negative regulation of ERBB signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an oligosaccharide.


epithelial-mesenchymal signaling involved in prostate gland development

Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted and contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


myosin II filament organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.


wing disc pattern formation

The process giving rise to the pattern of cell differentiation in the wing imaginal disc.


negative regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = D-mannosyl undecaprenyl phosphate + GDP.


negative regulation of pharynx morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pharynx morphogenesis.


quercetin gentiobioside 1,6-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-gentiobioside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> quercetin-3-gentiotrioside + UDP + H+.


patchoulene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> diphosphoric acid + gamma-patchoulene.


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the formation of the anterior/posterior pattern of the neural plate.


axis specification

The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point.


negative regulation of toxin transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of toxin transport.


cardiac right ventricle formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.


gibberellin-15(closed lactone form),2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3beta-hydroxylating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A15 (closed lactone form) + O2 + 2-oxoglutarate = gibberellin A37 (closed lactone form) + succinate + carbon dioxide.


photoreceptor cell development

Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light.


hyperosmotic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


negative regulation of antifungal innate immune response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an antifungal innate immune response.


osteoblast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone.


coenzyme gamma-F420-2 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a coenzyme gamma-F420-2.


response to inorganic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.


cellular response to platinum ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.


positive regulation of keratinocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process.


embryonic placenta morphogenesis

The process in which the embryonic placenta is generated and organized.


cellular response to UV-B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.


methanofuran biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methanofuran.


(+)-neomenthol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-neomenthol + NADP+ = (2S,5R)-menthone + H+ + NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = cyanin betaine + UDP.


envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in another organism

A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.


xylan O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a xylan= CoA + an acetylated xylan.


hippocampal neuron apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process that occurs in a hippocampal neuron.


positive regulation of eosinophil extravasation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation.


quercetin O-glucoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.


peptide cross-linking via L-cysteinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine

The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue N, a cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+2, a glycine, coupled with the formation of a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+1 which loses one hydrogen, and the loss of a molecule of water.


cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism

The attachment of a cell to either a host cell or a microbial cell of the same species, or to an underlying host substrate, such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules, occurring during the formation of a biofilm in or on a host species.


regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.


dorsal/ventral pattern formation

The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.


microglial cell migration

The orderly movement of a microglial cell from one site to another.


maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


aldosterone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of a hydroxylated derivative of mandelate (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetate).


posterior cibarial plate development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior cibarial plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


homologous chromosome orientation in meiotic metaphase I

The cell cycle process in which the sister centromeres and kinetochores of one chromosome are fused and orientated so the chromosomes attach to microtubules that emanate from the same spindle pole. This process ensures that homologous l chromosomes are segregated at anaphase of meiosis I.


proteasome storage granule disassembly

The disaggregation of a proteasome storage granule into its constituent components.


ureide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ureide, allantoin and allantoate, which are the organic forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants.


positive regulation of nitrosative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress.


Catalysis of the reaction: aspulvinone E + 2 dimethylallyl diphosphate = aspulvinone H + 2 diphosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: benzyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate + NADP+ = benzyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + H+ + NADPH.


ATPase-coupled arsenite transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + arsenite(in) = ADP + phosphate + arsenite(out).


lysine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.


monocyte activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


appendage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch.


Catalysis of the reaction: sirohydrochlorin + Co2+ = cobalt-sirohydrochlorin + 2 H+.


locomotion

Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.


negative regulation of Schwann cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration.


peptidyl-serine O-glucuronidation

The O-glucuronidation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-D-glucuronyl-L-serine.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADP <=> (2E)-2-butylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADPH + H+.


peripheral tolerance induction to nonself antigen

Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the periphery.


regulation of glial cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process.


endothelin maturation

The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of endothelin by conversion of Big-endothelin substrate into mature endothelin.


regulation of metanephric podocyte development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + O2 + 7-[(3S)-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)]-wyosine37 in tRNAPhe = succinate + carbon dioxide + 7-(2-hydroxy-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-wyosine37 in tRNAPhe.


antipodal cell differentiation

The process in which an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an antipodal cell.


glycine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine.


response to ozone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate = H+ + 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate. 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate is also known as DK-MTP-1-P, and 2-hydroxy 3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate as HK-MTPenyl-1-P.


sensory perception of hot stimulus

The series of events required for an organism to receive a hot temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


cytoplasmic sequestering of protein

The selective interaction of a protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport into other areas of the cell.


cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-O-(glucosyl)-p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside] sinapoylglucose glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-[2''-O-(2'''-O-(sinapoyl) xylosyl) 6''-O-(p-coumaroyl) glucoside] 5-O-[6''-O-(malonyl) glucoside + 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose <=> cyanidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-p-coumaroyl)-2-O-(2-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-xylosyl)-beta-D-glucosyl]-5-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) + trans-sinapate + H+.


negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


Bacillus subtilis ribonuclease activity

Catalysis of the endonucleolytic cleavage to 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides.


oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylose residues from the reducing end of oligosaccharides.


endoribonuclease activity involved in viral induction of host mRNA catabolic process

Any endoribonuclease activity that contributes to the viral-induced catabolism of host mRNA.


phototransduction, UV

The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 400 nanometers.


CDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-D-glucose = CDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + H2O.


nucleate erythrocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.


regulation of ERBB3 signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ERBB3 signaling pathway.


gibberellin A53,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity (GA97-forming)

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A53 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = gibberellin A97 + succinate + carbon dioxide.


lipoteichoic acid immune receptor activity

Combining with lipoteichoic acid and transmitting the signal to initiate an innate immune response.


2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.


terpenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: castasterone + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> castasterone-23-O-glucoside + UDP + H+.


negative regulation of embryonic development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.


regulation of endocytic recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-diphosphodolichol = UDP + N,N''-diacetylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(6)-succinyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = 2''-O-succinyl-ADP-D-ribose + L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


amine N-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + an amine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a methylated amine.


vesicle uncoating

A protein depolymerization process that results in the disassembly of vesicle coat proteins.


imidazolonepropionase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid + H2O = N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H+.


regulation of anther dehiscence

Any process involved in the dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.


protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase system transporter activity

Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N-acetylglucosamine(out) = protein histidine + N-acetylglucosamine phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport.


plasma cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody.


acetyl-CoA transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


cannabinoid receptor activity

Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.


sulfatide binding

Binding to sulfatide, also known as 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, SM4, or sulfated galactocerebroside. Sulfatide is a class of sulfoglycolipid, which are glycolipids that contain a sulfate group.


beta-nitroacrylate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitropropanoate + NADP+ = 3-nitroacrylate + H+ + NADPH.


intracellular sodium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of sodium ions within a cell.


positive regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.


cell-cell signaling involved in lung development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the lung, from its initial state to the mature structure.


iron incorporation into protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron

The incorporation of iron into a protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron (there is no exogenous sulfur, so this modification by itself does not produce an iron-sulfur protein).


disruption by virus of host JAK-STAT cascade

A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or stops the JAK-STAT signal cascade in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


type B pancreatic cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a type B pancreatic cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


organelle localization by membrane tethering

The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + protein alpha-D-glucosyl-1,2-beta-D-galactosyl-L-hydroxylysine = protein beta-D-galactosyl-L-hydroxylysine + beta-D-glucose. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzes glucose from alpha-D-glucosyl- (1->2)-beta-D-galactosyl disaccharide units that are linked to hydroxylysine residues of collagen and collagen-like proteins.


negative regulation of development, heterochronic

Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which an integrated living unit or organism progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached.


positive regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.


response to phenylalanine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.


[3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) = ADP + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) phosphate.


response to triterpenoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triterpenoid stimulus.


negative regulation of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chanoclavine-I aldehyde biosynthetic process.


8C-naringenin dibenzoylmethane tautomer glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4,4',6-tetrahydroxydibenzoylmethane + UDP-alpha-D-glucose <=> 8C-glucosyl-2-hydroxynaringenin + UDP + 2 H+.


response to clopidogrel

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clopidogrel stimulus. Clopidogrel is a is an oral, thienopyridine-class antiplatelet agent used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease.


cytochrome biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cytochrome.


Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + UDP-alpha-D-galacturonate = CO2 + UDP-L-arabinose.


vesicle fusion with vacuole

The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole.


formaldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent.


C-3 sterol dehydrogenase (C-4 sterol decarboxylase) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-beta-hydroxy-4-beta-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-4-alpha-carboxylate + NAD(P)+ = 4-alpha-methyl-5-alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3-one + CO2 + NAD(P)H.


hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen sulfide, H2S.


negative regulation of cellular response to iron ion starvation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to iron ion starvation.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


swim bladder maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a swim bladder to attain its fully functional state. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


methanol oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of methanol to methyl-Coenzyme M.


toluene dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + toluene = (1S,2R)-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD+.


protein-glutamine glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: protein L-glutamine + H2O = protein L-glutamate + NH3.


medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a medium-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in mesonephros development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes that contributes to the progression of the mesonephros over time. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.


positive regulation of phenotypic switching

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phenotypic switching.


antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent

The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


demethylkotanin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of demethylkotanin.


RNA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication.


cardiac muscle tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.


regulation of chylomicron remnant clearance

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of chylomicron remnant clearance. Chylomicron clearance is the process in which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.


Catalysis of the reaction: biphenyl-2,3-diol + O2 = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O.


serotonin biosynthetic process from tryptophan

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation from tryptophan of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions

The process in which neurons interact with each other to promote migration along a tangential plane.


regulation of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


phytochromobilin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha.


protein nucleotidylation

The addition of a nucleotide to a protein amino acid.


non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.


regulation of epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.


regulation of penetration hypha formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


multiple spine synapse organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and one or more dendritic spines.


s-triazine compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.


adult walking behavior

The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.


type B pancreatic cell maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a type B pancreatic cell to attain its fully functional state. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


recombinational repair

A DNA repair process that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region.


anterior head segmentation

Partitioning the insect head anlage into procephalic (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) segments. The procephalic segments lie anterior to the gnathal (posterior head) segments, and are pattered by different segmentation gene cascades to the abdominal, thoracic and posterior head (gnathal) segments.


succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: succinate semialdehyde + NADP+ + H2O = succinate + NADPH + 2 H+.


L-lysine 6-monooxygenase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysine + NADPH + O2 = N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine + H2O + NADP+.


placental growth factor receptor activity

Combining with placental growth factor (PlGF) receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


vistamycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vistamycin.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate L-pipecolate.


hydrolase activity, acting on acid halide bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any acid halide bond.


demethoxycurcumin synthase activity from feruloylacetyl-CoA

Catalysis of the reaction: feruloylacetyl-CoA + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H2O = demethoxycurcumin + 2 coenzyme A + carbon dioxide.


monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


negative regulation of G0 to G1 transition

A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.


neural crest-derived cardiac fibroblast cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac fibroblast over time, from its formation from a neural crest cell to the mature state. A cardiac fibroblast is a connective tissue cell of the heart which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.


atrial cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to atrial cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells of the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.


T-helper 2 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a T-helper 2 (Th2) cell. A Th2 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4.


arabinogalactan protein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.


esculetin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.


CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.


ferulate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ferulate.


modulation by virus of host cytokine production

Any process in which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production in its host organism.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = 1,3-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,2-(N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-alpha-D-mannosyl)-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-D-mannose + UDP.


bicarbonate binding

Binding to bicarbonate ions (CHO3-).


regulation protein catabolic process at synapse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein at the synapse.


4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N).


type I interferon receptor activity

Combining with a type I interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


positive regulation of starch catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of starch catabolic process.


establishment of planar polarity

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


The series of molecular signals initiated by interleukin-27 binding to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.


cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.


regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis.


diorcinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving diorcinol.


non-membrane-bounded organelle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-membrane-bounded organelle.


mesonephric glomerular basement membrane development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the mesonephric glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.


Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to a glucose residue in xyloglucan, forming an alpha-1,6-D-xylosyl-D-glucose linkage.


regulation of hepatic stellate cell migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell migration.


regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by chemo-mechanical energy conversion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by regulating force and velocity of shortening. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through formation of cross bridges. The shortening leads to reduction of length of muscle fiber and sarcomeres.


basal dendrite development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a basal dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of motor neuron migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration.


viral release via suppression of host peptidoglycan biosynthetic process

The dissemination of mature viral particles from a host cell, caused by a virus stopping, preventing, or reducing peptidoglycan biosynthesis in the host organism. Peptidoglycans are any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.


regulation of zinc ion transmembrane import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zinc ion import.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in cardiac muscle cell fate commitment.


nucleolar large rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase I

The synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript which encodes several rRNAs, e.g. in mammals 28S, 18S and 5.8S, from a nuclear DNA template transcribed by RNA polymerase I.


Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine in DNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine as formaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxo-delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + O2 = NAD+ + H2O + delta2,5-3,4,4-trimethylpimelyl-CoA.


quercetin 3-glucoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin-3-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside + UDP.


EGAD pathway

The protein catabolic pathway which selectively extracts ER-resident membrane proteins exported to the Golgi and endosomes for degradation by cytosolic proteasomes. It begins with phosphorylation of the ER-resident membrane protein, which triggers export of the protein from the ER to the Golgi and endosomes, followed by polyubiquitination by the Dsc E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and extraction of the ubiquitinated target, and ends with proteasomal degradation.


regulation of blastocyst development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blastocyst development.


positive regulation of phosphate transmembrane transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transmembrane transport.


ATPase-coupled organic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + organic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + organic acid(in/out).


benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.


negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis to vascular endothelial growth factor.


mRNA polyadenylation

The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-200 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA primary transcript.


glycine N-benzoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + glycine = N-benzoylglycine + CoA + H+.


regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.


seed trichome initiation

The process in which the developmental fate of an epidermal cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a seed trichome, causing a change in the orientation of cell division in the ovule epidermis at or just before anthesis.


negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.


retinoic acid binding

Binding to retinoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid.


benzoyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoyl-CoA.


egg chorion assembly

Construction of the chorion portion of the egg, which is a protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.


beta-glucan transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of beta-glucans from one side of a membrane to the other. Beta-glucans are compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-glucosidic bonds.


ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.


positive regulation of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process.


formation of appressorium germ tube hook structure

The development of a swollen tip at the growing end of a symbiont spore which usually flattens against the host cell surface prior to appressorium formation.


regulation of viral process

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the viral life cycle, the set of processes by which a virus reproduces and spreads among hosts.


2-phosphoglycerate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-phosphoglycerate + ATP = 2,3-diphosphoglycerate + ADP.


alkene catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in echolocation

The series of events involved in echolocation in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of a reflected sound wave (an echo), which the organism uses to determine the distance to the object that reflected the sound wave.


prostate field specification

The process that results in the delineation of a specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop.


negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-D4-steroid + reduced acceptor.


protein localization to cell division site

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division.


mentha-1,3-dione-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: mentha-1,3-dione + CoASH = 3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-octyl-CoA.


fruit ripening, climacteric

A fruit ripening process that involves a burst of respiration and ethylene (ethene) evolution at the onset.


4-hydroxyproline catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.


detection of injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation

The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.


IDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.


aerobic respiration, using sulfur or sulfate as electron donor

An aerobic respiration process in which a sulfur-containing molecule (hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, sulfite, thiosulfate, and various polythionates) is oxidized.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD+ = catechol + CO2 + NADH + H+.


positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + laricitrin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetin.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + 4-trimethylammoniobutanal = NADH + 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate.


ornithine decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-ornithine + H+ = CO2 + putrescine.


terrein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terrein, a fungal metabolite with ecological, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antioxidative activities.


3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.


histone H2BS36 kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2B-serine (position 36) + ATP = histone H2B-phosphoserine (position 36) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 36 of histone H2B.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.


germline ring canal formation

Assembly of the cytoplasmic bridges between developing spermatogonial or oogonial cysts.


negative regulation of cation channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.


oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate, such as a molecule of dolichol-P-man or dolicol-P-Glc used in N-linked glycosylation.


modulation by virus of host cytoplasmic transport

Modulation by an infecting virus of host cytoplasmic transport.


tryptophan dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + NAD(P)+ = (indol-3-yl)pyruvate + NH3 + NAD(P)H + H+.


regulation of neurotransmitter secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell.


conjugation with mutual genetic exchange

A conjugation process that results in the mutual exchange and union of only genetic information between compatible mating types. Conjugation without cellular fusion requires direct cellular contact between the organisms without plasma membrane fusion. The organisms involved in conjugation without cellular fusion separate after nuclear exchange.


ribosomal large subunit binding

Binding to a large ribosomal subunit.


regulation of sclerotome development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the progression of the sclerotome over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The sclerotome is the portion of the somite that will give rise to a vertebra.


mitochondrial ribosome binding

Binding to a mitochondrial ribosome.


Catalysis of the reaction: shikimate + coumaroyl-CoA = 4-coumaroylshikimate + CoA.


progesterone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + O2 + progesterone = A + H2O + testosterone acetate.


inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation

Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process in which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.


arabinose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, and as a polymer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


plant-type cell wall biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. An example of this is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


taxane 10-beta-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate = 10beta-hydroxytaxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate + H2O + NADP+.


positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitric oxide metabolic process.


carbohydrate:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sugar(out) + cation(out) = sugar(in) + cation(in).


C-8 sterol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction which results in unsaturation at C-7 in the B ring of sterols.


L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into pyruvate of L-cystine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.20).


establishment of planar polarity of follicular epithelium

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of a follicular epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


regulation of positive chemotaxis to cAMP

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of directed movement of a motile cell or organism up a concentration gradient of 3',5'-cAMP.


glutaryl-CoA hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutaryl-CoA + H2O = CoA + glutarate.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile = UDP + (S)-4-hydroxy-mandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside.


regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin involved in neural crest cell differentiation. The Wnt signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine(37) in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + C2-methyladenine(37) in a tRNA.


Sertoli cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.


negative regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.


palmitoyl hydrolase activity

Catalysis of a hydrolase reaction that removes a palmitoyl moiety from some substrate.


sulfur oxygenase reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5 sulfur + oxygen + 4 H2O = sulfite + thiosulfate + 2 hydrogen sulfide + 9 H+.


glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = L-ascorbate + glutathione disulfide.


response to cold

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.


mannose trimming involved in glycoprotein ERAD pathway

The removal of one or more alpha 1,2-linked mannose residues from a mannosylated protein that occurs as part of glycoprotein ER-associated glycoprotein degradation (gpERAD).


response to gravity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.


metanephric distal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric distal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that begins at the metanephric macula densa and extends to the metanephric connecting tubule.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


eoxin A4 synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene A4 = eoxin A4.


regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling pathway.


farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: farnesoic acid + S-adenosyl-methionine = methyl farnesoate + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


cellular response to red or far red light

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.


Catalysis of the reaction: glycosaminoglycan + UDP-galactose = D-galactosylglycosaminoglycan + UDP.


circadian regulation of heart rate

Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


thiamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + thiamine = ADP + 2 H+ + thiamine phosphate.


ocellus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ocellus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.


regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.


ATP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADP+ = 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADPH + H+.


positive regulation of blood coagulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


mannose isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-mannose = D-fructose.


histone H3K9 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein.


modulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process

Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


adaptation of signaling pathway

The regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.


negative regulation of immune effector process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.


(S)-stylopine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-cheilanthifoline + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-stylopine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.


rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.


blood vessel endothelial cell migration involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis

The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during intussusceptive angiogenesis.


regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.


modulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death

Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


peptidyl-cysteine acetylation

The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine.


territorial aggressive behavior

Aggressive behavior performed in defence of a fixed area against intruders, typically conspecifics.


alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA = (2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA.


septin ring organization

Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of the septin ring.


O-decanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a decyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


polymyxin transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, from one side of a membrane to the other.


positive regulation of appressorium formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation.


negative regulation of phospholipase C activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C activity.


aluminum ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of aluminum (Al) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + deacetoxycephalosporin C + O2 = CO2 + deacetylcephalosporin C + succinate.


transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter

A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase II gene promoter. Messenger RNAs (mRNA) genes, as well as some non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase II.


glial cell migration

The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.


regulation of mast cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.


regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin

The process in which the renin-angiotensin system controls the rate of fluid intake and output into the blood.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + H+ + 2 e- = Cl- + 4-chlorophenoxyacetate.


phenanthrene 3,4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrene + O2 + NADH + H+ = H2O + NAD+ + phenanthrene-3,4-oxide.


Golgi vesicle bud deformation and release

The process in which cytosolic coat proteins fit together in a basketlike convex framework to form a coated deformed region on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The deformed region forms into a complete vesicle and is released.


transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type II

Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor.


pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside 2''-O-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside <=> H+ + pelargonidin 3-O-sophoroside + UDP.


mRNA trans splicing, via spliceosome

The joining together of exons from two different primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.


serine O-acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-serine + CoA.


lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine by the aminoadipic pathway.


austinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving austinol.


canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of NF-kappaB, also known as the canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade. The cascade begins with activation of a trimeric IKK complex (consisting of catalytic kinase subunits IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and the regulatory scaffold protein NEMO) and ends with the regulation of transcription of target genes by NF-kappaB. In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription. The canonical NF-kappaB pathway is  mainly stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, antigen ligands, and toll-like receptors (TLRs).


glycine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (1) glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (2) D-alanine + H2O + O2 = pyruvate + NH3 + hydrogen peroxide; (3) sarcosine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + methylamine + hydrogen peroxide; (4) N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + ethylamine + hydrogen peroxide.


L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.


fibroblast growth factor production

The appearance of a fibroblast growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


Catalysis of the reaction: geranylgeranyl diphosphate + protein-cysteine = S-geranylgeranyl-protein + diphosphate. This reaction is the formation of a thioether linkage between the C-1 atom of the geranylgeranyl group and a cysteine residue fourth from the C-terminus of the protein. The protein substrates have the C-terminal sequence CA1A2X, where the terminal residue, X, is preferably leucine and A2 should not be aromatic. Known substrates include most g-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and Ras-related GTPases such as members of the Ras and Rac/Rho families.


asymmetric protein localization to old or new spindle pole body

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained to either the old or new spindle pole body resulting in its being distributed asymmetrically.


maleate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-malate = H2O + maleate.


salivary gland cell autophagic cell death

The stage-specific programmed cell death of salivary gland cells during salivary gland histolysis.


transcription factor TFIIIB complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a transcription factor TFIIIB complex.


regulation of vitamin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.


mitochondrial proliferation

The multiplication of mitochondria, resulting in the expansion of the number of mitochondria within a cell.


negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility.


lead ion binding

Binding to lead (Pb) ions.


intermediate filament bundle assembly

The formation of the bundles of intermediate filaments. Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. The organization of intermediate filaments and their supportive function in various cells types depends in large part on their linkage to other cell structures via IFAPs.


negative regulation of antimicrobial humoral response

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.


negative regulation of bone development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:1-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:2-2-16:2-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


T cell selection

The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.


C-X-C motif chemokine 12 receptor activity

Combining with the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch

The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P.


protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine

The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue.


astrocyte chemotaxis

The directed movement of an astrocyte guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).


pore formation during contractile vacuole discharge

The formation of a transient pore in the plasma membrane and the attached contractile vacuolar membrane, to release water from the cell. This process does not involve fusion of the two membranes.


adaptive immune response

An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigens produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).


calmodulin dependent kinase signaling pathway

Any signal transduction pathway involving calmodulin dependent kinase activity.


intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.


21U-RNA binding

Binding to a 21U-RNA, a 21-nucleotide RNA characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.


formate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + formate = ADP + formyl phosphate + H+.


formimidoylglutamase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + formamide.


hydrolase activity, acting on ether bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any ether or thioether bond, -O- or -S- respectively.


glomerular mesangial cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the glomerular mesangial cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


Catalysis of the beta-elimination of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site in DNA where a DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase has already cleaved the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site.


regulation of budding cell apical bud growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.


respiratory chemosensitivity

A homeostatic process by which the sensing of CO2 and/or H+ by the brain leads to appropriate altering in breathing to regulate blood gas and tissue pH.


negative regulation of cardiac chamber formation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber formation.


regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis.


dormancy exit of symbiont in host

Exit from dormant state, also known as resuscitation, of the symbiont within the host organism.


metanephric long nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric long nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Long nephrons are associated with juxtamedullary glomeruli and extend into the inner medulla in the metanephros.


negative regulation of nurse cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptotic process.


response to carbon monoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.


diferric-transferrin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: transferrin[Fe2+]2 + NAD+ = transferrin[Fe3+]2 + NADH.


Cajal body organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Cajal bodies, nuclear bodies that appear ultrastructurally as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter and are enriched in ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors.


axon target recognition

The process in which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate <=> beta-sesquiphellandrene + diphosphoric acid.


radial glia-guided pyramidal neuron migration

The radial migration of a pyramidal neuron along radial glial cells.


epididymis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epididymis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


negative regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway

Any process that stops or prevents ethylene (ethene) signal transduction.


erythrocyte homeostasis

Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism.


prenyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fumigaclavine C, a fungal ergot alkaloid.


Catalysis of the transfer of a cholesterol to an acceptor protein.


bronchus morphogenesis

The process in which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.


positive regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to insulin stimulus.


signaling

The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.


regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size.


regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor signaling via JAK-STAT.


wall teichoic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.


hatching behavior

The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell.


pyridoxal phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.


biphenyl catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).


positive regulation of intracellular transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.


proteasomal protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.


positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.


detection of carbon dioxide

The series of events in which a carbon dioxide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.


entry of viral genome into host nucleus via retainment of capsid in nuclear pore complex and release of genome into nucleoplasm

Viral penetration into the host nucleus where a viral capsid enters the host nuclear pore complex (NPC) but remains attached to the pore on the nuclear side. The capsid then disassembles, releasing the viral genome into the nucleoplasm.


aminoglycoside 6-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = ADP + 2 H+ + streptomycin 6-phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: succinyl-CoA + dihydrolipoamide = CoA + S-succinyldihydrolipoamide.


response to misfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.


regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell apoptotic process.


Catalysis of the reaction: lipopolysaccharide + UDP-N-acetylmannosaminouronate = N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminouronosyl-1,4-lipopolysaccharide + UDP.


negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.


pentitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


regulation of hair cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.


aconitate hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citrate = isocitrate. The reaction occurs in two steps: (1) citrate = cis-aconitate + H2O, (2) cis-aconitate + H2O = isocitrate. This reaction is the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate via the labile, enzyme-bound intermediate cis-aconitate. Water is removed from one part of the citrate molecule and added back to a different atom to form isocitrate.


cellular response to dsRNA

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.


MHC class Ib protein complex binding

Binding to a class Ib major histocompatibility complex.


NAD-dependent histone H4K16 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H4 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 16) + H2O = histone H4 L-lysine (position 16) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 16 of the histone H4 protein.


fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of fucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of fucose or a fucose derivative.


male-female gamete recognition during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm

The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin + UDP-D-glucose = daphnin + H+ + UDP.


phthalate dioxygenase reductase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of electrons between pyridine nucleotides (obligatory two-electron carriers) and hemes or (2Fe-2S) centers (obligatory one-electron carriers) in respiration, photosynthesis, and many oxygenase systems.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H(2) = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + H+.


hemopoiesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.


fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane involved in single fertilization

The binding and fusion of a sperm, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte as part of the process of single fertilization. In sperm with flagella, binding occurs at the posterior (post-acrosomal) region of the sperm head.


detection of endoplasmic reticulum overloading

The series of events in which a stimulus generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is received and converted into a molecular signal.


zoospore encystment on host

The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont zoospore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucine + H2O + H+ = L-leucine + benzyl alcohol + CO2.


nor-spermidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


ergot alkaloid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an ergot alkaloid.


negative regulation of bicoid mRNA localization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


ABC-type beta-glucan transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + beta-glucan(in) = ADP + phosphate + beta-glucan(out).


negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt signaling pathway

Any canonical Wnt signaling that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of heart induction.


negative regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity

Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.


acquisition of nutrients from symbiont

The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a type B pancreatic cell, a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin.


ventricular zone neuroblast division

The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially.


negative regulation of membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane depolarization during a cardiac muscle cell action potential.