stress response to nickel ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis caused by a nickel ion stimulus.


dihydrofolate metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.


cellular modified histidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


cephalic furrow formation

Formation of a partial necklace of inturning tissue on the lateral sides of the embryo, along the dorsal-ventral axis. This furrow demarcates head from thorax in the developing protostome.


regulation of ARF protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.


negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade.


phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol. They are important constituents of cell membranes.


regulation of zygosporangium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process in which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.


chloroplast relocation

The process in which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells migrate toward illuminated sites to optimize photosynthesis and move away from excessively illuminated areas to protect the photosynthetic machinery.


regulation of neural crest cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell differentiation.


cellular response to chromate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.


hepatocyte growth factor receptor activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Combining with hepatocyte growth factor receptor ligand and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.


monodictyphenone biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monodictyphenone.


polysaccharide digestion

The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.


visual learning

Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.


negative regulation of systemic acquired resistance

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.


negative regulation of maltohexaose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of maltohexaose transport.


dentin mineralization

The process in which calcium salts are deposited into the calcareous tooth structure known as dentin.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD(P)+ + H2O = (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + NAD(P)H + H+.


associative learning

Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect).


porphobilinogen synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 5-aminolevulinate = 2 H2O + H+ + porphobilinogen.


Wnt signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state that contributes to somitogenesis.


skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of satellite cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.


adult locomotory behavior

Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.


sepal giant cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a sepal giant cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


purine-containing compound salvage

Any process that generates a purine-containing compound, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.


microtubule anchoring

Any process in which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell.


maintenance of plant organ identity

The process in which the identity of a plant organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.


microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in establishment of planar polarity

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins and contributes to the establishment of planar polarity.


negative regulation of plus-end directed microtubule sliding

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plus-end directed microtubule sliding.


biological process involved in intraspecies interaction between organisms

Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species.


N-acylmannosamine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine = ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.


regulation of erythrocyte clearance

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.


modulation by host of viral catalytic activity

The process in which a host organism effects a change in the enzyme activity of a virus with which it is infected.


in utero embryonic development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


cis-aconitamide amidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-aconitamide + H2O = cis-aconitate + HN3.


menstrual cycle phase

The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The menstrual cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.


Catalysis of the reaction: (1S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate + NAD+ = (1S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate + H+ + NADH.


archaeal-specific GTP cyclohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + diphosphate +formate + H+. This activity is part of the biosynthesis of methanopterin in Archaea, and requires Fe2+.


ferric iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator.


plastid inheritance

The partitioning of plastids between daughter cells at cell division.


methylmercury catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host RIG-I signaling pathway

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a RIG-I signaling pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


UDP-glucuronic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a UDP-glucuronic acid from one side of a membrane to the other. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.


meristem initiation

Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.


selenate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2SeO4 => diphosphate + adenylylselenate.


dosage compensation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes.


histone H2A ubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of one or more ubiquitin groups.


3-nitrophenol nitroreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-nitrophenol + 2 NADH + 2 H+ = 3-hydroxyaminophenol + 2 NAD+ + H2O.


phosphatidyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction involving the transfer of a phosphatidate (otherwise known as diacylglycerol 3-phosphosphate) group.


regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors.


L-arabinofuranose binding

Binding to L-arabinofuranose.


maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location

The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


olfactory placode morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the olfactory placode are generated and organized. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.


regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.


synaptic signaling by nitric oxide

Cell-cell signaling to or from a synapse, mediated by nitric oxide.


negative regulation of G2/MI transition of meiotic cell cycle

Any signaling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to MI phase of the meiotic cell cycle.


regulation of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate secretion, neurotransmission.


glomerulus development

The progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. The glomerulus is part of the nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


endoplasmic reticulum-lipid droplet tether activity

The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a lipid droplet with an endoplasmic reticulum membrane, via membrane lipid binding, to establish membrane contact sites and mediate exchange and communication.


P-type potassium transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in).


negative regulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host

Any process in which an organism reduces the indole acetic acid levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


sphingolipid long-chain base 4-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + H+ + a dihydroceramide + NAD(P)H = H2O + a phytoceramide + NAD(P).


isonicotinic acid hydrazide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: isoniazid + H2O = isonicotinate + hydrazine.


MutLalpha complex binding

Binding to a MutLalpha mismatch repair complex.


lipoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-lipoyl-5'-AMP + L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein] = (R)-N6-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[lipoyl-carrier protein] + AMP + 2 H+.


positive regulation of FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ftsz-dependent cytokinesis.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + streptomycin = 3''-adenylylstreptomycin + diphosphate + H+.


rhombomere 6 structural organization

The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.


U6 snRNA 3'-end binding

Binding to a U6 small nuclear RNA (U6 snRNA) at the 3' end.


maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium

The maintenance of an established polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.


tryptophanase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + H2O = indole + NH4 + pyruvate.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, with NAD(P)+ as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a phosphorus- or arsenic-containing group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H.


Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.


progesterone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.


zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis

The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote.


aurachin C monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: aurachin C + O2 + H+ + NAD(P)H <=> aurachin C epoxide + H2O + NAD(P).


neuroendocrine cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquires specialized structural and functions of a neuroendocrine cell of the prostate gland acinus.


response to furfural

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a furfural stimulus.


symbiotic process benefiting host

A process carried out by symbiont gene products that enables a symbiotic interaction with a host organism, that is beneficial to the host organism.


omega-3 fatty acid desaturase activity

Catalysis of the introduction of an omega-3 double bond into the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain.


2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid.


keto-deoxynonulosonic acid (KDN) cytidylyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + KDN = diphosphate + CMP-KDN.


glossopharyngeal nerve structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + coniferyl aldehyde + NADPH + O2 <=> 5-hydroxy-coniferaldehyde + NADP + H2O.


Cajal-Retzius cell differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Cajal-Retzius cell, one of a transient population of pioneering neurons in the cerebral cortex. These cells are slender bipolar cells of the developing marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene.


5-formyluracil DNA N-glycosylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of 5-formyluracil bases by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the oxidized pyrimidine and the deoxyribose sugar.


Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate = diphosphate + CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate.


cellular response to leptin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.


negative regulation of galactotriose transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of galactotriose transport.


regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


positive regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light.


leading edge cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into leading edge cells. Leading edge cells are found at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.


syncytial embryo cellularization

The separation of a syncytial embryo into individual cells.


striated muscle myosin thick filament assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins to form the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils in striated muscle.


negative regulation of muscle tissue development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development.


regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte tethering or rolling.


Catalysis of the reaction: phloroglucinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + 3,5-dihydroxyanisole + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


syringal lignin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving syringal lignin.


cysteine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O3-acetyl-L-serine + hydrogen sulfide = L-cysteine + acetate.


chloride:monoatomic cation symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: cation(out) + Cl-(out) = cation(in) + Cl-(in).


trans-translation

A translational elongation process in which transfer of a translating ribosome from one mRNA to another RNA template takes place. Trans-translation occurs during tmRNA release of stalled ribosomes.


ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


ochratoxin A catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ochratoxin A.


canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of endothelial cell migration.


phialide development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phialides over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Phialides are specialized cells that bud from the ends of metulae on the conidiophore tip. Chains of conidia, or asexual spores, develop from the phialide tips.


toluene 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + 1/2 O2 = 4-hydroxytoluene.


negative regulation of xylose catabolic process to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol.


axonemal outer doublet assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal outer doublet, a part of an axoneme consisting of a doublet microtubule.


sterol delta7 reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-dehydroepisterol = 24-methylenecholesterol.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxycyclohexanone + A = AH(2) + cyclohexane-1,3-dione.


mannosylphosphate transferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a mannosylphosphate group from one compound to another.


regulation of intracellular lipid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.


lipid tube assembly involved in organelle fission

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a macromolecular complex that contains a tube of lipid surrounded by a protein coat involved in membrane shaping of vesicle membranes as organelles undergo fission.


positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell activation.


mineralocorticoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.


L-tyrosine aminotransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an amino group from L-tyrosine to an acceptor, usually a 2-oxo acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.


cytochrome-b5 reductase activity, acting on NADPH

Catalysis of the reaction: NADPH + H+ + 2 ferricytochrome b(5) = NADP+ + 2 ferrocytochrome b(5).


polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis

Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the anterior/posterior axis.


cspyrone B1 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cspyrone B1.


vitamin B6 transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of any of the vitamin B6 compounds, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


cytidine to uridine editing

The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination.


cyanophycin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanophycin, a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.


acetyl-CoA assimilation pathway

The pathways by which acetyl-CoA is processed and converted into alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate); methanogenic archaea use these pathways to assimilate acetyl-CoA into the cell.


establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.


cellular response to benzoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.


multiple spine synapse organization, single dendrite

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse between a multiple synapse bouton and a single dendrite.


nickel incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster

The incorporation of nickel into a metallo-sulfur cluster.


hypoglossal nerve maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hypoglossal nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H+.


octanol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1-octanol + NAD+ = 1-octanal + H+ + NADH.


positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition.


positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus.


kaempferol 3-glucoside 7-O-rhamnosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: kaempferol 3-O-glucoside + UDP-L-rhamnose <=> kaempferol-3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside + UDP.


inhibin complex binding

Binding to an inhibin complex, a dimer of one inhibin-alpha subunit and one inhibin-beta subunit.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving (17Z)-protosta-17(20),24-dien-3beta-ol.


(-)-microperfuranone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-microperfuranone.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + isoflavone = UDP + isoflavone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside.


neuroblast activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a neuroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


lysine 6-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + NAD+ + L-lysine = NH3 + NADH + allysine.


imidazolone hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formimidoylglycine => H2O + imidazol-4-one.


myelin assembly

The process in which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon in the central or peripheral nervous system.


ent-kaurenoate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-kaurenoate + NADPH + O2 = ent-7-alpha-hydroxykaurenoate + NADP+ + H2O. This is the first of three successive reactions resulting in the oxidation of ent-kaurenoate (ent-kaurenoic acid) to gibberellin 12 (GA12).


response to endogenous stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.


positive regulation by symbiont of cytokinin levels in host

Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokinin levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


transcription factor TFIIH holo complex binding

Binding to a transcription factor TFIIH holo complex.


'de novo' actin filament nucleation

The actin nucleation process in which actin monomers combine in the absence of any existing actin filaments; elongation of the actin oligomer formed by nucleation leads to the formation of an unbranched filament.


Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-glucose + a plant soluble heteroglycan = a plant soluble heteroglycan + maltose.


Catalysis of the reaction: RNA(n+1) + phosphate <=> RNA(n) + a nucleoside diphosphate.


regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltohexaose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate = NAD(P)H + 3,4-dehydro-1,4-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate.


necroptotic process

A programmed necrotic cell death process which begins when a cell receives a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a death receptor or to a Toll-like receptor), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathways), characterized by activation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and/or 3 (RIPK1/3, also called RIP1/3) and by critical dependence on mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL), and which typically lead to common morphological features of necrotic cell death. The process ends when the cell has died. The process is divided into a signaling phase, and an execution phase, which is triggered by the former.


peptidyl-cysteine modification to L-cysteine persulfide

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine persulfide.


macropinosomal membrane permeabilization involved in viral entry into host cell

Induction of macropinosome membrane permeabilization triggered by an interaction between the host membrane and a membrane-penetration protein associated with the capsid. Occurs after internalization of the virus in a macropinosome, and results in release of the viral contents from the macropinosome into the host cell cytoplasm.


citronellol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: citronellol + NAD+ = citronellal + NADH + H+.


semicircular canal fusion

Creation of the central hole of the semicircular canal by sealing the edges of the pouch that forms during the process of semicircular canal formation.


anterior mesonephric tubule development

The progression of the anterior mesonephric tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The anterior mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros.


pentachlorophenol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.


protein methylation

The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.


alpha-L-fucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-L-fucoside + H2O = an alcohol + L-fucose.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.


B cell homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition

Any signaling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.


fumarate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fumarate from one side of a membrane to the other. Fumarate is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate.


salt transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of salt from one side of a membrane to the other.


purinergic nucleotide receptor activity

Combining with a purine nucleotide and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.


positive regulation of microglial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell migration.


juvenile hormone binding

Binding to a juvenile hormone, a sesquiterpenoid derivative that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.


extracellular exosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm.


misfolded RNA binding

Binding to an RNA molecule that has assumed an incorrect conformation.


primary neural tube formation

The formation of the neural tube from an epithelial cell sheet (the neuroepithelium or neural plate). In primary neurulation, the cells surrounding the neural plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate, and pinch off from the surface to form a hollow epithelial tube. Primary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the anterior neural tube.


11alpha-30-dihydroxy beta-amyrin dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 11alpha,30-dihydroxy-beta-amyrin + NADPH + O2 + H+ <=> 30-hydroxy-11-oxo-beta-amyrin + NADP + 2 H2O.


versicolorin reductase activity

Catalysis of the reduction of versicolorin A to sterigmatocystin.


pectin lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a pectin = an oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-6-O-methyl-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronate end + a pectin. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of (1->4)-alpha-D-galacturonan methyl ester to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-6-O-methyl-alpha-D-galact-4-enuronosyl groups at their nonreducing ends.


stilbene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving stilbenes, a class of polyketides formed from a molecule of cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl-CoA.


glucan catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.


defense response by cell wall thickening

A type of cell wall modification, in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker, that occurs as part of the defense response of an organism.


patchoulol synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate(3-) <=> seychellene + diphosphoric acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


exocytic process

The cellular processes that contribute to exocytosis.


endothelin production

The appearance of a endothelin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions.


regulation of cartilage development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


cyclic-di-GMP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cyclic-di-GMP from one side of a membrane to the other.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress by p53 class mediator

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of osmotic stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group to the carbon atom of an arginine residue in a protein. This modification has been detected in anaerobic bacteria.


response to statin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a statin stimulus. Statins are organooxygen compounds whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC:1.1.1.34/EC:1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties.


nor-spermidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.


regulation of ascospore formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


intermediate voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by an intermediate voltage-gated channel. An intermediate voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on intermediate voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


hydroxyapatite binding

Binding to hydroxyapatite, the calcium phosphate mineral of formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 found both in rocks of nonorganic origin and as a component of bone and dentin.


fungiform papilla formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a spongiform papilla from unspecified parts. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + H2O = 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + CoA + H+.


negative regulation of plant epidermal cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plant epidermal cell differentiation.


positive regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.


embryonic shoot morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic shoot are generated and organized.


cellobiose phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cellobiose + phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose.


lys-arg specific dibasic protein processing

Any protein processing achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond after a lysine-arginine amino acid residue combination within a protein.


positive regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.


gibberellin A34,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A34 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> H+ + gibberellin A34-catabolite + succinate + carbon dioxide + H2O.


dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium

Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal/ventral axis. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


membrane bone morphogenesis

The process in which bone which forms deep in the organism are generated and organized.


retrotrapezoid nucleus development

The progression of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) over time from it's initial formation to its mature state. The retrotrapezoid nucleus is a group of neurons in the rostral medulla, which are responsible regulating respiration.


Catalysis of the reaction: AH(2) + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + O2 = A + H2O + testololactone.


cell cycle phase

One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.


oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD+ = succinyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.


response to lipid hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyromazine + H2O = N-cyclopropylammeline + NH3.


larval behavior

Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics.


peptide antibiotic biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides with antibiotic activity.


R3/R4 cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R3 and R4 photoreceptors. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.


tetrahydrofuran hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tetrahydrofuran + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoisocaproate + NADH + H+ = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + NAD+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.


vitamin B6 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin B6 compounds: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


arugosin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arugosin.


eyelid development in camera-type eye

The progression of the eyelid in a camera-type eye from its formation to the mature state. The eyelid is a membranous cover that helps protect and lubricate the eye.


CD24 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD24, a CD marker and cell adhesion molecule that occurs on many B-lineage cells and mature granulocytes, and is involved in B cell activation and differentiation as well as T cell co-stimulation.


mesonephric podocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros.


sorocarp sorus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sorocarp sorus is the spore containing structure of a sorocarp.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: peptide(out) + H+(out) = peptide(in) + H+(in), up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by hydrogen ion movement.


branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in branchial arch mesenchyme

The process in which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.


cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to compound eye morphogenesis.


positive regulation of cellular process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4alpha-formyl-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + O2 + NADH <=> 4alpha-carboxy-ergosta-7,24(241)-dien-3beta-ol + NAD + H2O.


(S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = acetoin + H+ + NADH.


adrenomedullin receptor activity

Combining with adrenomedullin to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + cyanidin = H+ + cyanidin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside + UDP.


leptomycin B binding

Binding to leptomycin B.


T2-induced deoxynucleotide kinase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + dGMP = ADP + dGDP, and ATP + dTMP = ADP + dTDP.


bacterial cellulose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as it occurs in certain types of bacteria, mainly Acetobacter, Sarcina ventriculi and Agrobacteria.


deoxysarpagine hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 10-deoxysarpagine + H+ + NADPH + O2 = H2O + NADP+ + sarpagine.


motor behavior

The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli.


immune response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue

Immune response taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). GALT includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules.


floral organ senescence

The last stage of flower development during which programmed degradation of macromolecules and nutrient recycling take place.


benzoate 4-monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: benzoate + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + H2O + NADP+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + a quinone = 7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene + a quinol.


peptide cross-linking via S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-glutamine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine protein cross-link.


analia morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of analia are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.


regulation of heart growth

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.


Combining with the sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid.


positive regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion.


regulation of shoot system development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot development.


protein carbamoylation

The addition of a carbamoyl group to a protein amino acid. A carbamoyl group is the acyl group -CO-NH2.


ATP-dependent activity, acting on RNA

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of RNA, and it drives another reaction.


fungal-type cell wall organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.


ureteric peristalsis

A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along the ureter, impelling the contents onwards. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.


neuronal-glial interaction involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The changes in adhesion between neuronal cells and glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.


negative regulation of monocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.


negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated potassium channel activity.


dihydroneopterin triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydroneopterin triphosphate = dihydroneopterin phosphate + diphosphate.


indole-3-acetonitrile nitrile hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-acetonitrile + H2O = indole-3-acetamide.


negative regulation of vesicle docking

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle docking.


shell calcification

The precipitation of calcium carbonate onto the organic matrix of a shell, such as a mollusc shell.


pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


response to pain

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.


alpha-santonin 1,2-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydrosantonin + NAD(P)+ = alpha-santonin + NAD(P)H + H+.


neuron differentiation involved in amphid sensory organ development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that contributes to the progression of the amphid sensory gland.


cell fate determination involved in pattern specification

A process involved in commitment of a cell to a fate in a developmental field. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.


P-type silver transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Ag+(in) = ADP + phosphate + Ag+(out).


regulation of buoyancy

Any process that modulates an organism's tendency or ability to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air, often through the use of stored gases.


methione N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-methionine + coenzyme A + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribulose 5-phosphate = D-xylulose 5-phosphate.


ventral spinal cord interneuron fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.


macrophage apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.


chloroplast rRNA processing

Any rRNA processing that takes place in chloroplast.


maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase III

Suppression of the occurrence of transcriptional errors, such as substitutions and/or insertions of nucleotides that do not correctly match the template base, during the process of transcription elongation from a RNA polymerase III promoter.


positive regulation of salivary gland boundary specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.


smooth muscle relaxation of the bladder outlet

A process in which the extent of smooth muscle contraction is reduced in the bladder outlet that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.


protochlorophyllide reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlorophyllide a + NADP+ = protochlorophyllide + NADPH + H+.


thiazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring structure containing a sulfur in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.


pristanoyl-CoA oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: pristanoyl-CoA + O2 = trans-2,3-dehydropristanoyl-CoA + hydrogen peroxide.


positive regulation of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nematode male tail tip morphogenesis.


retinol dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + retinol = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + anhydroretinol.


maintenance of centrosome location

Any process in which a centrosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-alpha-methyl-L-histidine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-alpha,N-alpha-dimethyl-L-histidine.


formate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.


regulation of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


positive regulation of hemocyte proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) that are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


negative regulation of adaptive immune effector response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adaptive immune effector response.


negative regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste.


metanephric collecting duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H+.


negative regulation of spindle checkpoint

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase NAD activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD+ = S-formylglutathione + NADH + H+.


histone H2A-K13 ubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 13 (H2A-K13) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K13 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.


positive regulation of biological process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.


beta selection

The process in which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell.


negative regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process.


termination of signal transduction

The signaling process in which signal transduction is brought to an end rather than being reversibly modulated.


regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.


ceramide phosphoethanolamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramide phosphoethanolamine.


phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + oxaloacetate = ADP + CO2 + H+ + phosphoenolpyruvate.


positive regulation of response to butan-1-ol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to butan-1-ol.


negative regulation of filamentous growth

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process in which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.


depolarization of postsynaptic membrane

A process that depolarizes a postsynaptic membrane relative to its resting potential. This has an excitatory effect on the post-synaptic cell, moving the membrane potential towards the firing threshold.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-tryptophan = 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate + L-phenylalanine.


positive regulation of RNA import into nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.


neutrophil dispersal

The movement of a neutrophil away from the site of wound or infection following its initial migration to the site.


trimethylamine-oxide aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + trimethylamine N-oxide = dimethylamine + formaldehyde.


selenate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 e(-) + 2 H+ + selenate = H2O + selenite.


leukocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


localization within membrane

Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane.


positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation.


negative regulation of synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle transport.


2-aminomuconate deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-aminomuconate + H2O + H+ = (Z)-5-oxohex-2-enedioate + NH4.


regulation of memory T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation.


protein maturation by nickel ion transfer

A process that contributes to the delivery of nickel ions to a target protein to facilitate its maturation.


response to toxic substance

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.


response to selenium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis.


regulation of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage checkpoint signaling.


viral replication complex formation and maintenance

The process of organizing and assembling viral replication proteins in preparation for viral replication.


Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate + L-tyrosine = L-phenylalanine + 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate.


regulation of septum digestion after cytokinesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process of physically separating the septal cell wall material by enzymatic digestion, that occurs after daughter cells are separated by cytokinesis.


anthranilate 3-monooxygenase (deaminating) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: anthranilate + 2 H+ + NADPH + O2 = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + NADP+ + NH4.


gibberellin A51,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gibberellin A51 + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <=> H+ + gibberellin A51-catabolite + succinate + carbon dioxide + H2O.


phagosome-lysosome docking involved in apoptotic cell clearance

The initial attachment of a phagosome membrane to a lysosome membrane that occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.


calcium ion sequestering activity

Binding to a calcium ion to prevent it from interacting with other partners or to inhibit its localization to the area of the cell or complex where it is active.


lactate aldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate = acetaldehyde + formate.


fungal-type cell wall disassembly involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

Any fungal-type cell wall disassembly that is involved in conjugation with cellular fusion.


regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-proline import across plasma membrane.


negative regulation of Hulle cell development

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Hulle cell development, a process that leads to the formation of Hulle cells. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, quinone or related compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or related compound.


fluorothreonine transaldolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-threonine + fluoroacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde + 4-fluoro-L-threonine.


low-density lipoprotein particle disassembly

The disaggregation of a low-density lipoprotein particle into its constituent components.


deacetylipecoside synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: deacetylipecoside + H2O = dopamine + secologanin.


ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + NAD+ + H+ -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + NADH.


response to rotenone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rotenone stimulus.


negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + O2 = 5-formyl-2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-dienedioate + H+.


RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain O-GlcNAc transferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat (YSPTSPS) = UDP + RNA polymerase II large subunit CTD heptapeptide repeat 3-O-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine.


echinenone 3-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: echinenone + a reduced electron acceptor + oxygen = 3-hydroxyechinenone + an oxidized electron acceptor + H2O.


hepatocyte cell migration

The orderly movement of a hepatocyte during the development of the liver. Hepatocytes emerge from the hepatic epithelium, populating the septum transversum and lateral mesenchymal areas of the hepatic lobes.


tri-n-butyltin dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: tri-n-butyltin + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = H2O + beta-hydroxybutyldibutyltin.


16S rRNA (guanine(1516)-N(2))-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine(1516) in 16S rRNA = N(2)-methylguanosine(1516) in 16S rRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


phytyl-P kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phytyl phosphate(2-) + a nucleoside triphosphate <=> (E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + a nucleoside diphosphate.


D-glucose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of the D-enantiomer of the hexose monosaccharide glucose from one side of a membrane to the other.


Catalysis of the reaction: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + CDP-diacylglycerol = 3-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + CMP + H+.


regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing a phenotypic switch. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, such as the opaque cells of C. albicans, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.


cement gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cement gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cement gland is a simple mucus-secreting organ positioned at the anterior of amphibious embryos. The cement gland attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed.


small molecule catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule.


marginal zone B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).


regulation of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway.


camalexin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.


plasma membrane raft localization

Any process in which plasma membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


mercury (II) reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + Hg + NADP+ = Hg2+ + NADPH.


dAMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).


positive regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development

Any process that increases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.


neutrophil differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a neutrophil.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-methyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + UDP-D-galactose = 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol + H+ + UDP.


mammary gland cord formation

The process in which the mammary gland cord forms by elongation of the mammary bud. The cord is formed once the elongating bud breaks through the mesenchyme and reaches the fat pad.


embryo development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.


protein sulfation

The addition of a sulfate group as an ester to a protein amino acid.


positive regulation of muscle filament sliding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.


positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.


negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration

Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.


positive regulation of B cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.


tube formation

Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow.


polarity specification of adaxial/abaxial axis

The process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the adaxial/abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.


natural killer cell progenitor differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell progenitor.


synaptic transmission, serotonergic

The vesicular release of serotonin from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of serotonin receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


mediator complex binding

Binding to a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.


regulation of endocrine process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, a process involving the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system.


(deoxy)nucleoside phosphate kinase activity, dTTP as phosphate donor

Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + dTTP = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + dTDP.


mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone

The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II.


angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by angiotensin II binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Catalysis of the reaction: a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA.


cellular response to beta-carotene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a beta-carotene stimulus.


symbiont-mediated suppression of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


response to cycloheximide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.


positive regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.


2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxydiphenyl ether + O2 + H2O = 2-hydroxymuconate + phenol.


regulation of lymphocyte anergy

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.


pteridine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP+ = biopterin + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH.


Catalysis of the reaction: quercetin 4'-O-glucoside + UDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) <=> quercetin 3,4'-O-diglucoside + UDP(3-).


1,1,1-trichloroethane reductive dehalogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 1,1,1-trichloroethane + 2 H+ + 2 e- = 1,1-dichloroethane + HCl.


glycolysis from storage polysaccharide through glucose-1-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a storage polysaccharide into pyruvate through a glucose-1-phosphate intermediate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD to NADH.


otic placode development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an otic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


oscillatory cAMP signaling

Fluctuation in the extracellular cAMP levels due to the alternate activation of adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP, and phosphodiesterase, which degrades it. Occurs in Dictyostelium during early sorocarp development. Oscillation in signaling result is directional chemotaxis of cells towards the center of the aggregate.


RNA guanosine-uridine insertion

The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of an guanosine-uridine insertion dinucleotide.


cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules

The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that are at least partially embedded in the plasma membrane.


inner stripe development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner stripe over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner stripe is a deep, centrally located portion of the renal outer medulla and is traversed by thin descending and thick ascending portions of the loops of Henle.


phytoalexin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.


follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum

The menstrual cycle process that results in the formation of one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells during the various stages of oogenesis.


lipoxin B4 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoxin B4. Lipoxin B4 is a C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds.


anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in pronephros development

The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.


regulation of proline transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline transport.


negative regulation of stem cell population maintenance

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.


L-aspartate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate + O2 = iminosuccinate + hydrogen peroxide.


sulfathiazole transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sulfathiazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Sulfathiazole is an antibacterial agent of the sulfonamide group.


positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.


response to cyclodiene

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclodiene stimulus. A cyclodiene is any organic insecticide (as dieldrin or chlordane) with a chlorinated methylene group forming a bridge across a 6-membered carbon ring.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + H2O.


secondary piRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional secondary piRNA, involving a self-perpetuating piRNA loop, often called the ping-pong cycle, in which piRNAs are amplified by pairing with complementary transcripts (for example the transposable element mRNA target). In Drosophila, the processing involves the piwi proteins aubergine and Argonaute 3 and in mice, the piwi proteins Piwil2 and Piwil4.


isoprenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


establishment of left/right asymmetry

The initial formation of the type asymmetry in an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves.


ent-isokaurene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-isokaurene + diphosphate.


proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation

The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein contributing to antigen processing and presentation.


Catalysis of the reaction: propionyl-CoA + glyoxylate = L-erythro-3-methylmalyl-CoA.


peritoneum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


cichorine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cichorine, a secondary metabolite found in some species of fungi.


taste bud formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the taste bud from unspecified parts. The taste bud is a specialized area of the tongue that contains taste receptors.


negative regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.


RNA (guanine-N7)-methylation

The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an RNA molecule.


response to nitrate starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nitrate.


regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.


vestibular receptor cell morphogenesis

Any process that alters the size or shape of a vestibular receptor cell.


indole-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton.


glycine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.


regulation of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plant-type cell wall cellulose catabolic process.


alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a primary alcohol + O2 = an aldehyde + H2O2.


high-affinity fructose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of fructose from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development

The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


facioacoustic ganglion morphogenesis

The developmental process by which an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex is generated and organized.


orcinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen, and synthesized, probably as a fungicide, by some higher plants.


aflatoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.


protein deglutathionylation

The protein modification process in which a glutathione molecule is removed from a protein amino acid by breaking a disulfide linkage.


2-coumarate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD+ = trans-2-coumarate + H+ + NADH.


pentacyclic triterpenoid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.


L-lysine catabolic process to acetate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetate.


response to phylloquinone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.


female sex determination

The specification of female sex of an individual organism.


cellular glucuronidation

The modification of an organic chemical by the conjugation of glucuronic acid. The substances resulting from glucuronidation are known as glucuronosides (or glucuronides) and are often much more water-soluble than the non-glucuronic acid-containing precursor.


peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine

The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-geranylgeranylcysteine; formation of S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CAAX motif and methyl esterification of the geranylgeranylated cysteine; methyl esterification but not cleavage occurs for the CXC motif. For the type II geranylgeranyltransferase the residue may be found at the first and final positions in the sequence motif C-X-C* or at the final position in the sequence motif C-C*. These motifs are necessary but not sufficient for modification.


aldose-6-phosphate reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glucitol 6-phosphate + NADP+ = D-glucose 6-phosphate + H+ + NADPH.


The chemical reactions and pathways involving any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, the compounds most commonly designated lecithin.


positive regulation of cellular response to alcohol

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to alcohol.


snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.


myrcene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: geranyl diphosphate = diphosphate + myrcene.


riboflavin reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NADP+ = riboflavin + NADPH + 2 H+.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2, and D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = oxaloacetate + NH3 + H2O2.


D-glutaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-glutamine = NH3 + D-glutamate.


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase NADPH activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + NADP + = 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + NADPH + H+.


histone H2B conserved C-terminal lysine deubiquitination

A histone deubiquitination process in which a ubiquitin monomer is removed from a conserved lysine residue in the C-terminus of histone H2B. The conserved lysine residue is K119 in fission yeast, K123 in budding yeast, or K120 in mammals.


molybdenum incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).


dUDP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.


G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by glutamate binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling

A chromatin remodeling process that allows DNA repair enzyme to access genomic DNA and repair DNA lesions.


ectoderm and mesoderm interaction

A cell-cell signaling process occurring between the two gastrulation-generated layers of the ectoderm and the mesoderm.


monoatomic ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic ions within an organism or cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.


histone H3K9me/H3K9me2 demethylase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a di or a monomethyl-lysine residue at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.


T-helper 1 cell activation

The change in morphology and behavior of a T-helper 1 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.


positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-2,4-diaminobutyrate + pyruvate = L-alanine + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde.


response to L-dopa

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-dopa stimulus.


dermatan sulfate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. They are important components of ground substance or intercellular cement of skin and some connective tissues.


deoxycytidine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.


regulation of SREBP signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.


positive regulation of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion via fibronectin.


Catalysis of the reaction: glucomannan(n) + GDP-mannose = glucomannan(n+1) + GDP.


IDP phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: IDP + H2O = IMP + H+ + phosphate.


pollen adhesion

The process in which pollen deposited on the stigma adheres to cells of the stigma.


distal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a distal tubule are generated and organized. The distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.


response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate stimulus.


maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-maleylacetoacetate = 4-fumarylacetoacetate.


nephric duct development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephric duct over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


L-isoleucine transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + L-isoleucine = (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.


regulation of rhamnose catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to heat.


regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells.


sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)

The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction step is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) (EC:1.8.4.8).


negative regulation of embryonic pattern specification

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic pattern specification.


follicular dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a follicular dendritic cell.


pro-T cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed.


endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor

The directed movement of an endothelial cell in response to the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).


box C/D RNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box C/D RNA molecule.


prostaglandin production involved in inflammatory response

The synthesis or release of any prostaglandin following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-xylose + NADP+ = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H+ + NADPH.


regulation of glial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-seryl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + nicotinamide + O-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-seryl-[protein].


Catalysis of the reaction: (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyloligosaccharide + beta-D-mannosylphosphodecaprenol = (1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-oligosaccharide + decaprenol phosphate.


negative regulation of cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration

The intracellular signaling pathway that results in the cessation of cell movement involved in lamination of the cerebral cortex.


regulation of oligopeptide transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


green leaf volatile biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of volatile molecules emitted from green plants, such as hexenal, hexenol and hexenyl acetate, from linoleic acid or linolenic acid.


negative regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lens fiber cell differentiation.


2-methylguanosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-methylguanosine.


phenylacetaldehyde synthase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: L-phenylalanine + O2 + H2O -> phenylacetaldehyde + ammonia + hydrogen peroxide + CO2.


apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution

Any apoptotic process that triggers the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle the mammary epithelial cells resulting in their programmed cell death.


protoperithecium formation

The process of producing fruiting body precursors, called protoperithecia. Protoperitheicium is a spherical structure that is formed in the sexual phase of ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora. Protoperithecium is formed by the enveloping of ascogonia cells by sterile hyphae and it develops into perithecium.


Notch signaling pathway involved in arterial endothelial cell fate commitment

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the commitment of a cell to an arterial endothelial cell fate.


molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin

The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1-18:3-2-16:0-phosphatidylglycerol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor <=> 1-18:3-2-trans-16:1-phosphatidylglycerol + 2 H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.


UDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose = H2O + UDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + L-asparagine.


establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a plasma membrane.


trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine O-methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the oxygen atom of a trihydroxyferuloyl spermidine molecule.


beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a galactose residue from a donor molecule to an oligosaccharide, forming a beta-1,3-linkage.


positive regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.


histoblast morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures derived from the histoblast disc are generated and organized. This includes the transformation of histoblast cells into adult structures during pupal metamorphosis. Histoblast cells are cells founded in the embryo that are the progenitors to the adult abdomen.