camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.


N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C metabolic process

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The chemical reactions and pathways involving N',N'',N'''-triacetylfusarinine C.


chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


negative regulation of acetylcholine uptake

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.


dGTP biosynthetic process from dGDP

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including gGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.


regulation of stem cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.


regulation of response to nutrient levels

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.


negative regulation of response to ethanol

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to ethanol.


periclinal cell division

A cell division process where the division plane is parallel to the surface of the organ. It creates a new cell layer or cell file.


beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly

The disaggregation of a beta-catenin destruction complex into its constituent components.


oximinotransferase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate + acetone = acetone oxime + pyruvate.


cell-cell junction maintenance

The maintenance of junctions between cells.


maltose epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-maltose = beta-maltose.


perturbation of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction

A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a small GTPase-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


microtubule polymerization based movement

The movement of a cellular component as a result of microtubule polymerization.


ectodermal cell fate specification

The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


positive regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion.


fucose binding

Binding to fucose, the pentose 6-deoxygalactose.


cellular response to Thyroid stimulating hormone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulus.


polyvinyl-alcohol oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: polyvinyl alcohol + O2 = oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + H2O2.


glycine N-choloyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: choloyl-CoA + glycine = CoA + glycocholate.


cellular response to nitroglycerin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitroglycerin stimulus.


4-hydroxyproline metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. The presence of hydroxyproline is essential to produce stable triple helical tropocollagen, hence the problems caused by ascorbate deficiency in scurvy. This unusual amino acid is also present in considerable amounts in the major glycoprotein of primary plant cell walls.


negative regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to pH.


white fat cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of white fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population.


myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts, after migrating to the site of injury, fuse into existing damaged fibers or fuse to myotubes to form new fibers, as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


negative regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: shikimate(out) + H+(out) = shikimate(in) + H+(in).


positive regulation of gastrulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastrulation.


transdifferentiation

The conversion of a differentiated cell of one fate into a differentiated cell of another fate without first undergoing cell division or reversion to a more primitive or stem cell-like fate.


2-deoxystreptamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-deoxystreptamine.


thymic T cell selection

The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus.


leukocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.


trachea cartilage morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cartilage in the trachea are generated and organized.


xanthan lyase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: xanthan = oligosaccharide with 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl end + pyruvylate mannose. This reaction is the eliminative cleavage of the terminal beta-D-mannosyl-beta-D-1,4-glucuronosyl linkage of the side-chain of the polysaccharide xanthan, leaving a 4-deoxy-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enuronosyl group at the terminus of the side-chain.


B cell antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen

B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to the B cell receptor.


inductive mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell changing the fate of the endodermal cell.


aerobic electron transport chain

A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.


beta1-adrenergic receptor activity

Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta1-adrenergic receptors.


rhombomere 8 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 8 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


all-trans-geranyl-geranyl diphosphate reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + NADPH = dihydrogeranylgeranyl-PP + NADP.


negative regulation of cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.


membrane bending

A membrane organization process resulting in the bending of a membrane.


regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.


cyclopentanone monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cyclopentanone + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 5-valerolactone + H2O + NADP+.


cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical.


zeatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.


EGF-domain serine glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + [protein with EGF-like domain]-L-serine <=> UDP + [protein with EGF-like domain]-3-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)-L-serine.


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + (15S)-15-hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate = NAD(P)H + H+ + 15-oxo-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-icosatetraenoate.


small ribosomal subunit rRNA binding

Binding to small ribosomal subunit RNA (SSU rRNA), a constituent of the small ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 18S rRNA.


evasion by virus of host restriction-modification system

Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus evades the DNA restriction modification system of its host. Some viruses encode their own methyltransferase in order to protect their genome from host restriction enzymes. Others directly inhibit restruction enzymes while some use unusual bases in their genome to avoid restriction.


response to molybdenum starvation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of molybdenum.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylthio-2-oxopentanoate + acetyl-CoA + H2O <=> H+ + 2-(3-methylthiopropyl)malate + coenzyme A.


gluconate 5-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-gluconate + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADPH + H+.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-fructose(out) + Na+(out) = D-fructose(in) + Na+(in).


GGG codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a GGG codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-Serine + Selenohomocysteine => L-Selenocystathionine + H2O.


regulation of androstenedione secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of androstenedione secretion.


nucleoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).


iodotyrosine deiodinase activity

Catalyzes the reaction: 2 iodide + L-tyrosine + 2 NADP+ = 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine + H+ + 2 NADPH. Note that this activity has only been demonstrated in the direction of 3-deiodination. 3-bromo-L-tyrosine and 3-chloro-L-tyrosine can also be used as substrates.


vistamycin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vistamycin.


adhesion of symbiont to host cell surface via host membrane cholesterol

The attachment of a symbiont to its host by binding to cholesterol on the host cell surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin.


S-glycoside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.


membrane repolarization during Purkinje myocyte action potential

The process in which ions are transported across a membrane such that the Purkinje myocyte membrane potential changes in the direction from the positive membrane potential at the peak of the action potential towards the negative resting potential.


DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in transcription

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Entity biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A cascade of processes initiated in response to the detection of DNA damage, and resulting in the induction of transcription.


mechanoreceptor differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.


eclosion rhythm

The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn.


P-type cobalt transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + cobalt(out) = ADP + phosphate + cobalt(in).


axillary shoot meristem initiation

A developmental process that results in the initiation of an axillary shoot meristem. An axillary shoot meristem is a shoot meristem formed in the axil of a leaf.


lactaldehyde reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: propane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = lactaldehyde + NADH + H+.


vanillin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.


embryonic organ development

Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.


chenodeoxycholate 7-alpha-dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chenodeoxycholate + NAD+ = 7-oxolithocholate + H+ + NADH.


asymmetric neuroblast division

The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials.


response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) stimulus.


negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal + NADP+ = 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H+ + NADPH.


benzoyl-CoA metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoyl-CoA.


mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells.


twitch skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The twitch skeletal muscle responds to neurostimulations with a contraction followed by a relaxation.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-3-phenyllactate + [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonatooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propyl phosphonato]oxy}phosphonate = (R)-3-phenyllactoyl-CoA + trans-cinnamate.


ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-glutamyl-[protein] + H2O = L-glutamyl-[protein] + ADP-ribose.


AUC codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes an AUC codon.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside betaine + 4-coumaryl-CoA + H+ <=> cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-4-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucoside) + coenzyme A.


negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in kidney development

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in kidney development.


gap junction hemi-channel activity

A wide pore channel activity that enables the transport of a solute across a membrane via a gap junction hemi-channel. Two gap junction hemi-channels coupled together form a complete gap junction.


establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity

Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures.


peptidyl-arginine methylation, to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginine

The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.


cellular response to leptomycin B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptomycin B stimulus.


cerebellum formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


presynaptic cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures and their associated proteins in the presynaptic cytoskeleton.


cyanamide hydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: urea = cyanamide + H2O.


dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP+ = (+)-dihydrokaempferol + NADPH + H+.


ureter smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the ureter. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.


negative regulation of endocardial cushion cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocardial cushion cell differentiation.


directional locomotion

Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another along an axis.


nitroimidazole metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroimidazoles, imidazole derivatives with a nitro group attached to one ring.


macromolecule transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a macromolecule from one side of a membrane to the other.


regulation of hyphopodium formation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanine + ATP + UDP-N-acetylmuramate = ADP + 2 H+ + phosphate + UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine.


exon-exon junction complex binding

Binding to an exon-exon junction complex, a protein complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.


regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway.


Catalysis of the reaction: cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H2O = 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarbonyl-CoA.


positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxymethylsalicylaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxymethylsalicylate + NADH + 2 H+.


cardiac muscle cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


xanthone-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xanthone-containing compound.


regulation of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of filamentous growth of a population of unicellular organisms in response to neutral pH.


regulation of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation.


aerobic respiration

The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.


positive regulation of hemostasis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.


phenol-containing compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.


Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)+ = GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose + NAD(P)H + H+. In the reverse reaction, a mixture of GDP-D-rhamnose and its C-4 epimer is formed.


anticlinal cell division

A cell division process where the division plane is perpendicular to the surface of the organ. It adds cells to the existing cell layer or cell file.


T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to an antigen for which its T cell receptor is specific bound to an MHC molecule on an antigen presenting cell, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


L-phenylalaine oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-phenylalanine + O2 = 3-phenylpyruvate + H2O2 + NH4(+).


L-fuconate dehydratase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-fuconate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-fuconate + H2O.


Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate.


antibiotic metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.


response to topologically incorrect protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.


Catalysis of the reaction: deethylsimazine + H2O = N-ethylammeline + chloride + H+.


cell-cell signaling involved in mammary gland development

Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the mammary gland, from its initial state to the mature structure.


cellular response to lipoic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoic acid stimulus.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + a beta-sitosterol = UDP + O-glucosyl-beta-sitosterol.


cellular response to alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


cellular metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.


secondary branching, open tracheal system

Sprouting of secondary branches in an open tracheal system. These form from the tips of primary branches and are formed by individual cells that roll up into unicellular tubes. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


anther septum development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anther septum is a thin partition or stretch of cells that are present in the anther dehiscence zone.


guanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.


mitochondrial RNA 3'-end processing

Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.


negative regulation of dopamine biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine biosynthetic process.


regulation of auxin polar transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auxin polar transport.


apical ectodermal ridge formation

The process that gives rise to the apical ectodermal ridge. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


pyrimidine nucleoside salvage

Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


NAD+- protein-lysine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD+ = H+ + N(6)-(ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-lysyl-[protein] + nicotinamide.


SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence processing

The removal of the signal peptide from a nascent protein during cotranslational membrane targeting.


Catalysis of the reaction: estradiol-17alpha 3-D-glucuronoside + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 17alpha-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-estradiol 3-D-glucuronoside + H+ + UDP.


system process

A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.


pancreatic A cell fate commitment

The commitment of a cell to a pancreatic A cell and its capacity to differentiate into a pancreatic A cell. A pancreatic A cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes glucagon.


regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


Catalysis of the transfer of a prenyl group from one compound (donor) to homogentisic acid.


cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a cyclic nucleotide. Includes production or release of the cyclic nucleotide, and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell.


purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular purine nucleotide binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


methylgalactoside transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of methylgalactoside from one side of a membrane to the other. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group.


mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.


organic heteropentacyclic compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic heteropentacyclic compound.


proton motive force dependent protein transmembrane transporter activity

Catalysis of the transfer of proteins from one side of a membrane to the other. Transportation is dependent on pH gradient across the membrane.


cell wall organization involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

A process of cell wall organization that contributes to conjugation with cellular fusion.


Catalysis of the reaction: GMP + diphosphate = guanine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


phosphorylase kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4 ATP + 2 phosphorylase b = 4 ADP + phosphorylase a.


positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation.


Golgi membrane coat protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of priming complexes to form a coat on a Golgi membrane. Priming complexes associate laterally and additional coat proteins are recruited from the cytosol to the forming coat. Cargo proteins diffuse into the budding site and become trapped by their interactions with the coat.


Delta12-linoleate epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine + NADPH + O2 <=> 1-palmitoyl-2-vernoloyl-phosphatidylcholine + NADP + H2O.


lymphocyte homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


protein glucuronylation

The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronylation, the addition of a glucuronate group, the uronic acid derived from glucose.


regulation of oomycete sporangium development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.


light-activated monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a light stimulus.


GDP-mannose biosynthetic process from fructose-6-phosphate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose from fructose-6-phosphate.


vesicle targeting to fusome

The recruitment of vesicles to the fusome. The vesicles become the fusome tubule network and are necessary for the assembly of the fusome.


regulation of trypanothione biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of trypanothione biosynthetic process.


turning behavior

Fine-tuning the spatial position of an organism in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of an organism in the direction of a food source.


response to N-phenylthiourea

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a N-phenylthiourea stimulus.


catalase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 hydrogen peroxide = O2 + 2 H2O.


phenylboronic acid monooxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylboronic acid + O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- = phenol + B(OH)3.


naphtho-gamma-pyrone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of naphtho-gamma-pyrone.


dGTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.


rhombomere formation

The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.


diol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.


regulation of spindle checkpoint

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


Sertoli cell fate commitment

The process in which the cellular identity of Sertoli cells is acquired and determined.


midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation during brain development

A developmental process occurring after the brain has been specified along the neural axis that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.


CENP-A eviction from euchromatin

A chromatin remodeling process in which CENP-A is removed from euchromatin regions to prevent neocentromere formation.


atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell communication

The process that mediates interactions between an atrial cardiomyocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the atrial cardiomyocyte communicating with an AV node cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.


negative regulation of blood coagulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


negative regulation of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fumigaclavine C biosynthetic process.


asparaginyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamine + aspartyl-tRNA(Asn) + ATP = L-glutamate + asparaginyl-tRNA(Asn) + phosphate + ADP.


Catalysis of the reaction: a tRNA precursor + CTP = a tRNA with a 3' CC end + 2 diphosphate.


stele development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stele over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stele is the central column of primary vascular tissue in the root and any tissue that it surrounds.


Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NAD(P)+ = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+.


negative regulation of border follicle cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of border follicle cell migration.


somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes

Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins.


response to heparin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heparin stimulus.


cellular response to alkyl hydroperoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.


N-glycan diversification

The generation, in the Golgi apparatus, of side chain diversity from high mannose Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans by specific glycosyltransferases and glycosidases.


regulation of cell diameter

Any process that modulates the diameter of a cell, the length of a line segment that crosses through the center of a circular section through a cell.


Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + benzene-1,2,4-triol = maleylacetate.


diencephalon morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the diencephalon are generated and organized. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.


putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine, via the intermediate N-carbamoylputrescine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in two single enzymatic steps.


signal transduction in response to DNA damage

A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell.


5'-deoxyadenosine deaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5'deoxyadenosine + H2O = 5'deoxyinosine + NH3.


negative regulation of macrophage migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.


inferior olivary nucleus formation

The process that gives rise to the inferior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.


negative regulation of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anterograde synaptic vesicle transport.


Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl stimulus.


recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex

The process in which proteins required for 3'-end transcript processing become associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex and the 3' end of a transcript.


steryl deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from an acetylated sterol.


ecgonone methyl ester metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecgonone methyl ester.


regulation of establishment of bipolar cell polarity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of bipolar cell polarity. Bipolar organization is the organization that is a mirror image along an axis from a plane.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


mast cell secretory granule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a mast cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.


response to iron ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.


regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal norepinephrine

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.


regulation of myotome development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development.


positive regulation of tissue remodeling

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.


response to platelet-derived growth factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.


lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + propane-1,2-diol = (S)-lactaldehyde + H+ + NADPH.


dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure.


regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.


response to linoleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.


11-hydroxythromboxane B2 dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: thromboxane B2 + NAD+ = 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 + NADH + H+.


spermidine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosylmethioninamine + putrescine = 5'-methylthioadenosine + spermidine.


protein deglycosylation involved in glycoprotein catabolic process

The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein that contributes to the breakdown of a glycoprotein.


negative regulation of trophectodermal cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophectodermal cell proliferation.


modulation of receptor activity in another organism

The process in which an organism effects a change in the activity of a receptor in a second organism.


4-chloro-allylglycine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-L-lysine + AH2 + O2 = A + formaldehyde + H2O + L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + NH4(+).


retrograde trans-synaptic signaling

Cell-cell signaling from post to pre-synapse, across the synaptic cleft.


rhombomere 3 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 3 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


NAD-dependent histone H3K56 deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 56) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 56) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 56 of the histone H3 protein.


ABC-type thiamine transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + thiamine(out) = ADP + H+ + phosphate + thiamine(in).


regulation of glutamatergic neuron differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic neuron differentiation.


negative thymic T cell selection

The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens.


negative regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of an interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway.


negative regulation of dendritic spine development

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


rhodopsin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.


penile erection

The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


IgE receptor activity

Combining with an immunoglobulin of the IgE isotype via the Fc region, and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


linoleate 11-lipoxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: linoleate + O2 = (9Z,11S,12Z)-11-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoate.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucose + sinapoyl aldehyde = H+ + sinapaldehyde glucoside + UDP.


regulation of seed dormancy process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed dormancy process.


adenohypophysis development

The progression of the adenohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.


NADH-dependent peroxiredoxin activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a hydroperoxide + H+ + NADH = an alcohol + H2O + NAD+.


positive regulation of cell wall organization or biogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall organization or biogenesis.


thrombocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: Na+(out) + HCO3-(out) = Na+(in) + HCO3-(in).


vitamin A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene.


Malpighian tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dihydroflavodoxin + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + flavodoxin semiquinone + [formate C-acetyltransferase]-glycin-2-yl radical.


fatty acid derivative metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acid derivative.


CCA codon-amino acid adaptor activity

A triplet codon-amino acid adaptor activity that recognizes a CCA codon.


actin filament branching

The formation of daughter actin filament branches at an angle on the sides of preexisting mother filaments.


aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+.


isoprene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.


cell differentiation involved in kidney development

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the kidney as it progresses from its formation to the mature state.


positive regulation of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kidney smooth muscle cell differentiation.


mRNA trans splicing, SL addition

The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs, where the one that provides the 5' portion of the final mRNA is from a splice leader RNA (SL-RNA). The SL-RNA, or mini-exon donor sequence, is added to the 5'-end of the acceptor RNA molecule which provides the mRNA body.


peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex

The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.


inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.


positive regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.


branching involved in pancreas morphogenesis

The process in which the branches of the pancreas are generated and organized.


Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate. C6 of the substrate molecular may have an NH2 group attached.


Catalysis of the reaction: cytolipin-H + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP.


resorcinol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving resorcinol (C6H4(OH)2), a benzene derivative with many applications, including dyes, explosives, resins and as an antiseptic.


equatorial microtubule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins at the midpoint of a cell.


hypoglycin A gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathionate + hypoglycin A = L-cysteinylglycine + hypoglycin B.


chlordecone reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: chlordecone alcohol + NADP+ = chlordecone + H+ + NADPH.


phosphoamidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-phosphocreatine + H2O = creatine + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin A1 = prostaglandin C1.


valine-pyruvate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + pyruvate = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine.


glucan 1,3-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic links in 1,3-alpha-D-glucans.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH2 group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or similar acceptor molecule.


regulation of response to gamma radiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation.


positive regulation of cerebellar neuron development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.


(1->3)-beta-D-glucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


shoot axis formation

The process that gives rise to a shoot axis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.


regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.


karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.


alpha-humulene synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate = alpha-humulene + diphosphate.


regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.


type B pancreatic cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of pancreatic B cells, resulting in the expansion of an pancreatic B cell population. Pancreatic B cell are cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin.


indole-3-carbonyl nitrile 4-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: indole-3-carbonyl nitrile + NADPH +O2=4-hydroxyindole-3- carbonyl nitrile + NADP+ + H20.


N-acyl-D-glutamate deacylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-acyl-D-glutamate + H2O = D-glutamate + a carboxylate.


mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.


intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting aldoses and ketoses

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which the hydrogen donor and acceptor, which is an aldose or a ketose, are the same molecule, and no oxidized product appears.


protein localization to Golgi apparatus

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus.


capsule organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.


skeletal muscle satellite cell migration

The orderly movement of a skeletal muscle satellite cell from one site to another. Migration of these cells is a key step in the process of growth and repair of skeletal muscle cells.


terephthalate 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + terephthalate = (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD+.


histone H4-K16 acetylation

The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 16 of the histone.


icosatetraenoic acid binding

Binding to icosatetraenoic acid, any straight-chain fatty acid with twenty carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule.


peptidyl-histidine adenylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine

The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine).


inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate = ADP + 5-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol (1,2,3,4,6)pentakisphosphate.


activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

The expansion of an activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.


regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of absorption of cholesterol into the blood, and the exclusion of other sterols from absorption.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + sulfur-(sulfur carrier) + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylthio-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine(37) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (sulfur carrier) + L-methionine + 5'-deoxyadenosine.


2-dehydropantolactone reductase (B-specific) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-pantolactone + NADP+ = 2-dehydropantolactone + NADPH + H+. The reaction is B-specific (i.e. the pro-S hydrogen is transferred from the 4-position of reduced nicotinamide cofactor) with respect to NADP+.


protein phosphate-linked glycosylation via serine

The glycosylation of peptidyl-serine through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.


regulation of nucleus size

Any process that modulates the size of the nucleus.


embryonic crystal cell differentiation

The process in which an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.


monoterpene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.


extracellular matrix disassembly

A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.


voltage-gated sodium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a sodium ion by a voltage-gated channel. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded.


xyloglucan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D-glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.


ABC-type oligopeptide transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + oligopeptide(out) = ADP + phosphate + oligopeptide(in).


negative regulation of leukotriene production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response.


nematode male tail mating organ morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the nematode male tail mating organ are generated and organized. The male tail is a sensory organ required for mating and, in C. elegans, consists of ray sensilla, an acellular cuticular fan, a sensory hook, and protracting, copulatory spicules.


ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity

Primary active transporter of a solute across a membrane, via the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, to directly drive the transport of a substance across a membrane. The transport protein may be transiently phosphorylated (P-type transporters), or not (ABC-type transporters and other families of transporters). Primary active transport occurs up the solute's concentration gradient and is driven by a primary energy source.


phenylacetate hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: phenylacetate + NADH + O2 = NAD+ + OH- + 2-hydroxyphenylacetate.


regulation of reproductive fruiting body development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive fruiting body development.


NAD+ diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = AMP + NMN.


endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.


regulation of nervous system development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.


prenylcysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.


positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


regulation of lens epithelial cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lens epithelial cell proliferation.


regulation of chitin metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin.


cytokinin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.


negative regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade.


solitary nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the solitary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


regulation of homologous chromosome segregation

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of homologous chromosome segregation, the cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.


tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA] + NAD+ = mature tRNA + ADP ribose 1'',2''-phosphate + nicotinamide + H2O. This reaction is the transfer of the splice junction 2-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD+ to produce ADP-ribose 1'-2' cyclic phosphate.


negative regulation of anterograde axonal transport of mitochondrion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in axons away from the cell body and towards the presynapse.


[methyl-Co(III) methanol-specific corrinoid protein]:coenzyme M methyltransferase

Catalysis of the reaction: a [methyl-Co(III) methanol-specific corrinoid protein] + coenzyme M = methyl-coenzyme M + a [Co(I) methanol-specific corrinoid protein] + H+.


positive regulation of myotome development

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development.


Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal + NAD+ + H2O = NADH + H+ + cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienoic acid.


regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


peptide cross-linking via L-histidyl-L-tyrosine

The modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a protein cross-link.


positive regulation of anoikis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.


pigment metabolic process involved in pigment accumulation

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, as part of the accumulation of pigment.


disruption by virus of host envelope lipopolysaccharide during virus entry

The breakdown of lipopolysaccharides in a host cell envelope during virus entry into a host cell. For example a phage entering a gram-negative bacterium may actively break down outer membrane lipopolysaccharides.


gamma-delta T cell lineage commitment

The process in which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming a gamma-delta T cell.


negative regulation of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osmosensory signaling MAPK cascade.


canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity

The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts out of a hepatocyte and into the bile canaliculus by means of an agent such as a transporter or pore. Bile canaliculi are the thin tubes formed by hepatocyte membranes. Bile acids are any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.


negative regulation of germ tube formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


transcription initiation at RNA polymerase III promoter

A transcription initiation process that takes place at a RNA polymerase III gene promoter. Transfer RNAs (tRNA) genes, as well as some other non-coding RNAs, are transcribed by RNA polymerase III.


negative regulation of host-seeking behavior

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.


gallate dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: gallate + O2 = (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate.


granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor activity

Combining with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of respiratory burst

Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.


ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.


allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: allyl alcohol + NADP+ = acrolein + H+ + NADPH.


negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


mannan 1,4-mannobiosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in (1->4)-beta-D-mannans, to remove successive mannobiose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.


negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


astrocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


metanephric prebend segment development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric prebend segment over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric prebend segment is a part of the metanephric descending thin limb that lies before the bend and exhibits permeabilities characteristic of the ascending limb, especially negligible water permeability.


molting cycle, chitin-based cuticle

The periodic shedding of part or all of a chitin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new cuticle. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


GDP-mannose transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a GDP-mannose from one side of a membrane to the other. GDP-mannose is a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.


detection of increased carbon dioxide by chemoreceptor signaling

The process in which information about the levels of carbon dioxide are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.


descending aorta development

The progression of the descending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once.


regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity

A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.


negative regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.


regulation of secondary metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.


positive regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation

Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.


regulation of endothelial cell development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development.


cordyol C biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cordyol C.


retinal cell programmed cell death

Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina.


carbon monoxide sensor activity

Binding to and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of carbon monoxide (CO).


regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition

Any signaling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G2 phase to M phase of the cell cycle.


hematopoietic stem cell migration

The orderly movement of a hematopoietic stem cell from one site to another. A hematopoietic stem cell is a cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.


G protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an extracellular purine nucleotide binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


response to 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide stimulus.


chlorophyllide a oxygenase [overall] activity

Catalysis of the reactions: chlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + H2O + NADP+; and 7-hydroxychlorophyllide a + O2 + NADPH + H+ = chlorophyllide b + 2 H2O + NADP+.


protein-heparan sulfate linkage via heparan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine

Heparan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.


type II interferon production

The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.


double layer follicle stage

The stage in oogenesis when a double layer of distinct follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.


gibberellic acid mediated signaling pathway, G-alpha-independent

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and not dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.


mannosylglycerate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.


nicotinic acid riboside kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinic acid riboside = ADP + nicotinic acid mononucleotide.


negative regulation of cell cycle process

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.


ornithine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


cellular response to vitamin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.


endoplasmic reticulum localization

Any process in which endoplasmic reticulum is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


nicotinic acid riboside biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinic acid riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinic acid.


positive regulation of penetration hypha formation

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


dolichyl pyrophosphate Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the addition of the second glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation; the transfer of glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) on to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol.


L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-lactate + 2 [Fe(III)cytochrome c] = 2 [Fe(II)cytochrome c] + 2 H+ + pyruvate.


endonucleolytic cleavage between LSU-rRNA and 5S rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)

Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-LSU-rRNA from a pre-5S rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.


negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling that is involved in the patterns of cell differentiation in the ventral spinal cord.


abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) to a receptor, and ending with modulation of a cellular process, e.g. transcription.


meiotic interphase

The cell cycle phase which begins after cytokinesis and ends when meiotic prophase begins. Meiotic cells have an interphase after each meiotic division, but only interphase I involves replication of the cell's DNA.


aortic valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized.


regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


regulation of photoperiodism, flowering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoperiodism, flowering.


high-affinity ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


positive regulation of epithelial cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.


cyanophycin synthetase activity (L-aspartate-adding)

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n + L-Asp = ADP + phosphate + [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]n-L-Asp.


hypotaurine dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + hypotaurine + NADPH + O2 = H2O + NADP+ + taurine.


Catalysis of the reaction: 3,5-bisdiphospho-1D-myo-inositol 2,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 3-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate + 2 H+.


parturition

The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.


maintenance of kidney identity

The process in which the identity of a kidney is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter.


proteasome core complex binding

Binding to a proteasome core complex.


septin collar organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising the septin collar.


sequestering of extracellular ligand from receptor

The process of binding or confining an extracellular signaling ligand, such that the ligand is unable to bind to its cell surface receptor.


leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response

The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus contributing to an inflammatory response.


retinol isomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: all-trans-retinol = 11-cis-retinol.


paraxial mesoderm structural organization

The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.


regulation of cell proliferation in midbrain

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.


cell budding

A form of asexual reproduction, occurring in certain bacteria and fungi (e.g. yeasts) and some primitive animals in which an individual arises from a daughter cell formed by pinching off a part of the parent cell. The budlike outgrowths so formed may sometimes remain attached to the parent cell.


RNA polymerase II activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1). Utilizes a DNA template that contains an RNA polymerase II specific promoter to direct initiation and catalyses DNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time. Can initiate a chain 'de novo'.


protein auto-ADP-ribosylation

The ADP-ribosylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.


developmental process

A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.


chondrocyte development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The progression of a chondrocyte over time from after its commitment to its mature state where the chondrocyte will contribute to the shaping of an endochondral bone.


Catalysis of the reaction: hexose 1-phosphate + nucleoside triphosphate = NDP-hexose + diphosphate.


T cell aggregation

The adhesion of one T cell to one or more other T cells via adhesion molecules.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = 2 H2O + 2 H2O2 + H+ + pyrroloquinoline quinone.


regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process.


phthalate 4,5-dioxygenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + phthalate = cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD+.


viral DNA cleavage involved in viral genome maturation

The cleavage of viral DNA into singular functional units.


centromere localization

A cellular localization process in which a centromere/kinetochore is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


cerebellar Purkinje cell layer formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.


negative regulation of transcytosis

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcytosis.


myotube differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


response to photooxidative stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as the result of a photooxidative stress, the light-dependent generation of active oxygen species. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.


regulation of epinephrine uptake

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter epinephrine into a cell.


high-affinity phosphate transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. In high-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.


estrone sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + estrone = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estrone 3-sulfate.


neuroblast migration

The orderly movement of a neuroblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.


somatic processes downstream of sex determination signal

The events determining the somatic sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to soma-specific information pathways.


thyroid hormone metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


nucleoside salvage

Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.


protein-RNA complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-RNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


dermatan sulfate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


monensin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monensin A.


viral budding from outer nuclear membrane

The envelopment of a virus, in which the naked capsid evaginates from the host outer nuclear membrane system, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.


low-density lipoprotein particle binding

Binding to a low-density lipoprotein particle, a lipoprotein particle that is rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides, is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE, and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm.


aminolevulinate transaminase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-aminolevulinate + pyruvate = 4,5-dioxopentanoate + L-alanine.


hydroxylysine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid. Hydroxylysine is found in collagen and commonly has galactose and then glucose added sequentially by glycosyltransferases.


alcohol O-octanoyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: octanoyl-CoA + an alcohol = CoA + an octyl ester.


Catalysis of the reaction: 11-deoxycorticosterone + NADH + H+ <=> 4-pregnen-20,21-diol-3-one + NAD.


Catalysis of the reaction: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + trimethylsulfonium = (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + dimethyl sulfide + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone = daidzein + H2O.


regulation of neuron migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.


cell-cell recognition

Cell recognition between cells. May involve the formation of specialized cell junctions.


regulation of Schwann cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.


amnioserosa maintenance

Maintenance of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis.


oxylipin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


regulation of response to toluene

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to toluene.


convergent extension involved in axis elongation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism.


phytochelatin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.


progesterone 21-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + progesterone + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = 21-hydroxyprogesterone + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].


regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization

Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte.


third ventricle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the third ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The third ventricle is the narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the hypothalamus, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by ependyma, and it communicates with the fourth ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct, and with the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramina.


positive regulation of connective tissue replacement

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of connective tissue replacement.


protein quality control for misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins.


sinus venosus development

The progression of the sinus venosus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sinus venosus is a heart chamber attached to the atrium on the venous side of the embryonic heart.


inosinate nucleosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + IMP = D-ribose 5-phosphate + hypoxanthine.


histone H3-K27 trimethylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 27 of the histone.


cellular response to growth hormone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.


pseurotin A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pseurotin A.


positive regulation of cardiac ventricle formation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac ventricle formation.


lead sulfide oxidation

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lead sulfide to lead sulfate.


detoxification of cadmium ion

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cadmium ion. These may include transport of cadmium away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cadmium ion.


nucleus ambiguus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nucleus ambiguus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


D-glutamate cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-glutamate = 5-oxo-D-proline + H2O.


positive regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion.


germ cell repulsion

The directed movement of a germ cell from their site of production to the gonad, through the repulsion of cells away from a tissue.


negative regulation of mammary stem cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mammary stem cell proliferation.


3-oxo-palmitoyl-ACP hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + a 3-oxo-palmitoyl-[acp] = 3-oxopalmitic acid + H+ + a holo-[acyl-carrier protein].


phloroglucinol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrophloroglucinol + NADP+ = H+ + NADPH + phloroglucinol.


gallbladder development

The progression of the gallbladder over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The gallbladder is a cavitated organ that stores bile.


lipoteichoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.


striated muscle contraction involved in embryonic body morphogenesis

The process in which force is generated within striated embryonic muscle tissue, resulting in a contraction of the muscle that contributes to the formation of an embryo's characteristic body morphology.


regulation of fat cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.


dATP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).


fruit valve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit valve is a part of a fruit that splits apart when the fruit dehisces.


root hair cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a root hair cell.


regulation of catalytic activity

Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.


enniatin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores.


stem cell fate determination

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.


chloride transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of chloride ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


dehydroquinate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2-amino-2,3,7-trideoxy-D-lyxo-hept-6-ulosonic acid + H2O + NAD = 3-dehydroquinate + ammonium + NADH + H+.


histone H2B ubiquitination

The modification of histone H2B by addition of ubiquitin groups.


regulation of Schwann cell chemotaxis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis.


Catalysis of the reaction: 8-amino-7-oxononanoate + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 7,8-diaminononanoate + S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate.


glutamine binding

Binding to glutamine, 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.


histone H3-K79 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 79 of the histone.


negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity.


positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine

The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.


vegetative phase change

Any process involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.


nerve growth factor production

The appearance of nerve growth factor (NGF) due to biosynthesis or secretion by cells in a neuron's target field, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


co-transcriptional RNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway

Any process involved in transcription termination-coupled  3' processing of RNA polymerase II RNA transcripts by 3' end cleavage  and addition of a poly(A) tail. This pathway is required for the maturation of primary protein-encoding transcripts into functional RNAs that can be exported from the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm, but is also required for polyadenylation-dependent decay.


2-hydroxypropyl-CoM lyase activity

Catalysis of the reactions: (R)-2-hydroxypropyl-CoM = H-S-CoM + (R)-1,2-epoxypropane, and (S)-2-hydroxypropyl-CoM = H-S-CoM + (S)-1,2-epoxypropane.


regulation of synaptic plasticity by receptor localization to synapse

Any process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require, via receptor localization to the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. Processes may include receptor transport to, and/or maintenance at, the synapse.


mitochondrial calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between mitochondria and their surroundings.


poly-N-methyl-propylamination

The modification of peptidyl-lysine by the addition of an N6-propylamino and of propylmethylamino units, forming N6-(propylamino-poly(propylmethylamino)-propyldimethylamine)-L-lysine, typical of the silicate binding protein silaffin.


positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility

Cell motility due to the motion of one or more bacterial-type flagella. A bacterial-type flagellum is a motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope.


mast cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a mast cell.