PR:000055565

The study investigates the role of a 32-amino-acid aggrecan fragment (32-mer) in causing joint pain in osteoarthritis. The 32-mer fragment was found to excite nociceptive neurons and induce the expression of the proalgesic chemokine CCL2. These effects were mediated through TLR2, which was found to be expressed by nociceptive neurons. The study also found that blocking the production or action of the 32-mer fragment prevented the development of knee hyperalgesia in a murine model of osteoarthritis. This suggests that the aggrecan 32-mer fragment directly activates TLR2 on joint nociceptors and is an important mediator of osteoarthritis-associated joint pain.


PR:000055565


UniProtKB:A0A8S3STF0


UMLS:C5408492


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:91976823

The study investigates the nociceptive innervation (pain-related nerve supply) of normal and osteoarthritic mouse knees. The research found that in 10-week old mice, the highest density of nociceptive innervation was in the bone marrow cavities, lateral synovium, and cruciate ligament insertions. By 26 weeks, there was a significant decline in nociceptors in the lateral synovium and cruciate ligament insertions, with no further decline observed by 1 year. In osteoarthritic knees, 16 weeks after destabilization of the medial meniscus, there were notable changes in NaV1.8+ innervation, including increased innervation of the medial synovium and meniscus, and nociceptors in subchondral bone channels.


UMLS:C3178766

Bone marrow cavities, Lateral synovium, Cruciate ligaments


UMLS:C0559814


UMLS:C0670896

The study explores the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic disease affecting synovial joints. The research indicates that TLRs, part of the innate immune system, contribute to the pathological changes in OA joint tissues and play a significant role in initiating and maintaining pain. The study also discusses the effects of specific damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which act as TLR ligands, and the phenotype of transgenic mice that target TLR pathways. The research suggests a complex balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways activated by OA DAMPs. Clinical evidence implicating TLRs in OA pathogenesis is also summarized.


UMLS:C0670896

play a key role in initiating and maintaining


UMLS:C4046037

Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)


UMLS:C5200819

Pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways


UMLS:C5690801

The paper discusses the role of innate immunity in osteoarthritis (OA) joint pain. It explains how neuro-immune signaling pathways can promote OA pain through direct excitation of nociceptors and production of chemokines and cytokines. The paper also discusses how immune cells like macrophages, mast cells, and CD4+ lymphocytes can contribute to OA pain by producing algogenic factors. The paper concludes that innate immune pathways play a significant role in OA pain, and future studies in this area could lead to better management of OA.


UMLS:C1564907


UMLS:C5708265


GO:0045087


NCBIGene:4280

The study investigates the changes in gene expression in knee-innervating dorsal root ganglia (DRG) after surgery in mice, aiming to identify molecular pathways associated with three pre-defined pain phenotypes: "post-surgical pain", "early-stage OA pain", and "persistent OA pain". The results showed that a small number of genes were differentially expressed in each phenotype, with some overlap between groups. Pathway analysis revealed that in the persistent OA pain phase, many of the functions of differentially regulated genes are related to immune cell recruitment and activation. Genes previously linked to OA pain were upregulated in this phenotype and contributed to activation of the neuroinflammation canonical pathway. The findings suggest that distinct molecular pathways discriminate early from persistent OA pain, and that neuroimmune interactions in the DRG contribute to initiation and maintenance of pain in OA.


FB:FBgn0000495


UMLS:C0560253


NCBIGene:6347


FB:FBgn0000495

The study investigates the protein distribution of nociceptor markers in the human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord. The research found that the peptidergic marker, CGRP, and the non-peptidergic marker, P2X3R, were co-expressed by approximately 33% of human DRG neurons. Additionally, TrpV1 was expressed in about 60% of human DRG neurons. The study also found that the central projection patterns of nociceptors are different between mice and humans. This information is important for understanding the physiological consequences of these species differences.


UMLS:C1564816


UBERON:0035017


MESH:C112381

The study reveals that Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), specifically LTC4, and its signaling through the CysLT receptor 2 (CysLT2R) play a significant role in itch, a common symptom of skin pathologies such as allergic skin diseases and atopic dermatitis. The research found that LTC4 induced itch but not pain behaviors in mice, and this itch was abrogated in mice deficient for Cysltr2. The study suggests that targeting CysLT signaling could be a promising approach to treat inflammatory itch.


GTOPDB:6195


NCBIGene:57105


UMLS:C1152702


UMLS:C4747578

The paper focuses on the changes in peripheral neuronal pathways that cause joint pain in osteoarthritis. It discusses the plasticity of the nociceptive system in osteoarthritis and how it involves changes in the structural, physiological, and genetic properties of neurons in pain pathways. The role of the neurotrophin, nerve growth factor, in these pathogenic processes is also discussed. The paper also considers how neuronal pathways are modified by interaction with the degenerating joint tissues they innervate and with the innate immune system. These cellular interactions could help identify targets for osteoarthritis pain.


UMLS:C3178766


PR:000021998


UMLS:C4478699


UMLS:C1373094

provide a substrate for identification of targets for


REACT:R-SCE-168249

plays an essential role in the generation of

The paper discusses the role of the innate immune system in the generation of neuropathic pain, particularly the pain that accompanies cancer treatment. The study reviews the current findings of the innate immune system's contribution to cancer treatment pain at various locations including the distal endings of peripheral nerve, in the nerve trunk, in the dorsal root ganglion, and in the spinal dorsal horn.


REACT:R-SCE-168249


UBERON:0035017

The paper discusses the study of human nociceptors, which are a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain, affecting one in five people and being the third most significant cause of disability globally. The study uses various techniques such as corneal confocal microscopy, biopsy samples, culture of human nociceptors, transcriptomics, microneurography, and quantitative sensory testing. The research has revealed new therapeutic targets for chronic pain and has enabled the screening of small molecule and gene therapy approaches on nociceptor function. However, challenges remain, such as the difficulty of implementing these techniques at scale and the lack of understanding of inter-individual variation in nociceptors.


UMLS:C4279981

interrogates the causal role of genes in


UMLS:C3826744

enabled the screening on nociceptor function


UMLS:C0807878


CHEBI:27026

The study found that anthrax toxins can interact with ANTXR2, a receptor found in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons, to alter pain signaling. The toxins, composed of protective antigen (PA) and protein cargoes edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF), were found to induce analgesia in mice when administered intrathecally. The toxins inhibited mechanical and thermal sensation, and pain caused by formalin, carrageenan or nerve injury. The analgesic effect depended on ANTXR2 expressed by Nav1.8+ or Advillin+ neurons. The toxins also modulated protein kinase A signaling and attenuated spinal cord neurotransmission. The researchers further engineered the toxins to introduce exogenous protein cargoes, including botulinum toxin, into DRG neurons to silence pain. This interaction between a bacterial toxin and nociceptors could lead to the development of new pain therapeutics.


CHEBI:27026


UMLS:C0687734

The study used spatial transcriptomics to identify molecular signatures of human nociceptors, neurons that detect potentially damaging stimuli and are crucial for the perception of pain. The researchers analyzed transcriptomes of single dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons from eight organ donors and identified 12 clusters of human sensory neurons. They also compared human DRG neuronal subtypes to nonhuman primates and found conserved patterns of gene expression among many cell types but divergence among specific nociceptor subsets. The study also revealed sex differences in human DRG subpopulation transcriptomes. The findings could help in the development of better treatments for acute and chronic pain disorders.


UMLS:C1297892


UMLS:C0687734


FB:FBgn0000495


UMLS:C0687734

Sex differences in human DRG subpopulation transcriptomes


UMLS:C1963916

The study found that neuropathic pain in humans can be driven by spontaneous activity (SA) generated by sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). This spontaneous activity and corresponding pain were significantly associated with three functional electrophysiological alterations. These alterations were similar to those observed in rodent models of chronic pain, suggesting that despite cellular differences between human and rodent DRG neurons, the physiological mechanisms driving neuropathic pain may be conserved.


UMLS:C0429348


UMLS:C2350528

Depolarizing spontaneous fluctuations of membrane potential (DSFs)


UMLS:C2350342

Depolarizing spontaneous fluctuations of membrane potential (DSFs)


UMLS:C0234206


NCBIGene:35800

The study investigates the molecular mechanisms contributing to diabetic pain in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) experiencing painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The research involved transcriptome analyses of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from DPN patients, revealing 844 differentially expressed genes. The findings showed increased levels of inflammation-associated transcripts from macrophages, which may contribute to pain hypersensitivity, and decreased levels of neuronally-related genes. This provides new insights into the pathology and mechanisms causing neuropathic pain in DPN patients with T2DM.


UMLS:C5690740


UMLS:C0542077

increased levels of inflammation-associated transcripts


NCBIGene:112020158


MONDO:0008143

The paper discusses the role of inflammation in causing pain in Osteoarthritis (OA), a leading cause of chronic pain worldwide. The presence of low-level inflammation in OA is identified as a major driver of joint damage. The paper explores how local inflammation in the joint can contribute to mechanical sensitization and structural neuroplasticity of joint nociceptors. It also discusses the role of synovitis and neuroimmune interactions. The paper further explores the role of neuroinflammation in the dorsal root ganglia and dorsal horn. It also suggests that systemic inflammation associated with obesity may modify OA pain.


NCIT:C3137


UMLS:C0002921

Mechanical sensitization and structural neuroplasticity of joint nociceptors


MONDO:0002400


HP:0033429


UMLS:C4553478


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5315659

The study investigates the metabolism of the phytocannabinoid cannabigerol (CBG) by human cytochrome P450s. It was found that CBG is rapidly metabolized by selected human cytochrome P450s to form a major metabolite, cyclo-CBG. This was confirmed through in vitro and in vivo studies, including mice administered with CBG. The study also found that CBG and its oxidized metabolites reduced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells stimulated with LPS.


UMLS:C0965027


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5315659

Cannabigerol (CBG) and its oxidized metabolites


UMLS:C0281163

Parent (primary caregiver) trauma symptoms

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Wakȟáŋyeža (Little Holy One) intervention, designed to break cycles of intergenerational trauma, suicide, and substance use among Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux parents and their children. The intervention includes lessons developed from evidence-based interventions and newly created cultural and nutrition lessons. The primary outcomes are parent trauma symptoms and stress, with secondary outcomes including parent depression symptoms, parenting practices, substance use, and child behavior and school attendance. The study will provide insights about the potential of a culturally-based intervention to reduce parental distress and children's risk for substance misuse and suicidality.


UMLS:C0281163


UMLS:C0682176

The study analyzed trends in opioid misuse, social support, and suicide attempts among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) high school students in New Mexico from 2009 to 2019. The prevalence of suicide attempts did not change significantly over time but was consistently higher among females, those who misused opioids, received low social support, had a mother with less than high school education, had a C, D, or F for academic performance, and non-straight students. Opioid misuse significantly decreased from 2009 to 2017 but increased significantly from 2017 to 2019. Students with high maternal education and good academic performance were less likely to misuse opioids and attempt suicide.


UMLS:C0682176


UMLS:C0037438

The study investigates the role of social support (SS) in the relationship between opioid misuse and suicide attempts among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) high school students in New Mexico. The data shows that 12.0% and 14.0% of AI/AN students reported opioid misuse and suicide attempts, respectively. High SS was found to be protective against suicide attempts in students who misused opioids, especially in males and those living in off-reservation and rural communities. The study found that 23.64% and 41.05% of the association between opioid misuse and suicide attempts was mediated and moderated by SS, respectively. The study suggests that more resources should be allocated to rural on-reservation schools to enhance social support.


UMLS:C0037438

Association between opioid misuse and suicide attempts


UMLS:C1515945

Urban American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) young adults

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UMLS:C1515945


UMLS:C0282623


UMLS:C3837075


UMLS:C1515945

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people

The study aimed to develop an opioid prevention intervention, Traditions and Connections for Urban Native Americans (TACUNA), for urban American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) emerging adults aged 18-25. The intervention was developed based on focus groups' feedback from three urban communities in California. Four major domains were identified: historical trauma/cultural identity, AI/AN traditional practices, social networks, and substance use. The pilot test participants found the TACUNA content relevant and helpful in establishing cultural and social connections for healthier lives. The study demonstrates the potential of a culturally grounded opioid prevention intervention for urban AI/AN emerging adults.


NCBITaxon:1781618

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people


NCBITaxon:1781618


UMLS:C1515945

American Indian/Alaska Native emerging adults

The study explores the relationship between cultural dynamics and substance use among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) emerging adults living in urban areas. The research found that cultural isolation and discrimination pose challenges to these individuals, sometimes leading to substance use. However, cultural values and traditions also provide a source of strength and resilience. The paper suggests incorporating these cultural elements into substance use prevention and intervention strategies, and celebrating emerging adulthood as a sacred cultural transition.


UMLS:C0683623

American Indian/Alaska Native emerging adults


UMLS:C0150358

Substance use prevention and intervention


UMLS:C0150775

The study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating social network visualizations into a culturally centered motivational intervention to prevent substance use among urban Native American emerging adults. The study involved focus groups and a pilot test of the intervention, which combined group Motivational Interviewing (MI) and social network visualizations. The participants reacted positively to the intervention and provided constructive feedback. The study found that social network visualizations are a promising tool for increasing awareness of social challenges and sources of resilience for urban Native American emerging adults. When combined with Motivational Interviewing in a group context, these visualizations may enhance discussions of network influences on substance use and engagement in traditional practices.


UMLS:C0683474


UMLS:C0150775


UMLS:C0008096

The study investigates the relationship between frustration-related lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) activation and irritability in children aged 3-7. The research suggests that this relationship is not linear, but rather increases within the normative range of irritability and decreases in the severe range. This suggests that children with higher irritability who are unimpaired may have well-developed LPFC support, a mechanism that drops out in the severe end of the irritability dimension. This could provide new insights into understanding the heterogeneity of early irritability and its clinical consequences.


NCBIGene:1026169


MONDO:0008143

The study found a strong association between osteoarthritis (OA), a common cause of chronic pain, and perceived memory loss in a large Appalachian population. Participants with OA were almost three times as likely to report frequent memory loss. The strength of this association increased with the frequency of reported joint pain. The study also found that sleep and mood disturbances may partially mediate this association, but did not eliminate it.


MONDO:0008143


UMLS:C3539554


UMLS:C0233479


UMLS:C4709628

The study aimed to understand the correlation between the probability of postoperative opioid prescription refills and the amount of opioid prescribed. The study found that 8.67% of opioid-naïve patients refilled their prescriptions. The probability of a single postoperative refill did not change with an increase in the initial oral morphine equivalents prescribed. Instead, patient factors such as tobacco use, anxiety, mood disorders, alcohol or substance abuse disorders, and arthritis were correlated with the probability of refill. The study suggests that surgeons could prescribe smaller prescriptions without influencing refill requests.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826

Probability of opioid prescription refill


UMLS:C4712711


UMLS:C0520260


UMLS:C0879543

The study explores the use of liposome encapsulated KT109, a Diacylglycerol lipase-beta (DAGLβ) inhibitor, to target macrophages and block their inflammatory signaling. The researchers found that a small amount of liposomal KT109 was enough to inactivate about 80% of DAGLβ in macrophages without affecting other tissues. This targeted delivery resulted in a significant enhancement in antinociceptive potency in a mouse inflammatory pain model, suggesting a novel anti-inflammatory strategy.


UMLS:C0869915


UMLS:C3826069

Right ACC to right hippocampus connectivity

The study investigates the neurobiology of attentional bias in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CocUD) using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The study found that cocaine-related words (CW) significantly increased the strength of the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to right hippocampus effective connectivity, compared to neutral words (NW). This increased connectivity may reflect ACC activation of hippocampal memories related to drug use, triggered by drug cues. This circuit could be a potential target for therapeutics in CocUD patients.


UMLS:C0934105

Right ACC to right hippocampus connectivity

hippocampal memories related to drug use


UMLS:C2712423


UMLS:C2106081

The paper discusses the role of translational control mechanisms in persistent pain, which affects approximately one third of the global population. Persistent pain is primarily caused by the sensitization of nociceptive neurons, which involves new gene expression to support the necessary biochemical and structural changes for amplified pain signaling. While changes in gene expression dependent on transcription are significant, recent studies show that the regulation of mRNA translation is crucial in controlling the cellular proteome and the development and maintenance of persistent pain. The paper highlights recent advances in the translational regulation of gene expression in nociceptive circuits, focusing on key signaling pathways and mRNA targets that could be useful for creating next-generation pain therapeutics.


UBERON:0035017


GO:0010467


GO:0046011


UMLS:C0752320


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:130475870

The study investigates the use of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors, JZL184 and MJN110, in reversing the neuropathic pain caused by the cancer drug paclitaxel in mice. The inhibitors were found to be effective in reversing the pain without affecting the efficacy of the chemotherapy. The inhibitors also reduced the expression of certain proinflammatory markers. However, high doses of JZL184 led to tolerance after repeated dosing.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:25021165


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:130475870


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:25021165

Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of paclitaxel


UMLS:C2242796

The paper discusses the pain associated with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), a genetic disorder. The pain in SCD is unique due to its recurrent and unpredictable nature, often requiring hospitalization. Current treatment methods involve opioids, which have their own adverse effects. The paper suggests that preventing the onset of pain may be more effective than treating it after it has occurred. It provides insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SCD pain, including mast cell activation, neurogenic inflammation, peripheral nociceptor sensitization, maladaptation of spinal signals, central sensitization, and modulation of neural circuits in the brain. The paper also discusses potential preventive/therapeutic targets and their targeting with novel pharmacologic and/or integrative approaches to alleviate SCD pain.


UMLS:C0239667


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C0302345


UMLS:C1274135

Pharmacologic and/or integrative approaches


UMLS:C0677358

The study evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-modal, interprofessional educational approach aimed at changing healthcare professionals' opiate prescribing practices for chronic pain management. The educational activities included webcasts, roundtable events, and conference presentations. Over 1,000 participants, including nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians, accessed the activities. The study found that the majority of participants intended to change their practice patterns in chronic pain patient management after the events. Although there were no significant changes in confidence levels pre- and post-activity, participants were more confident than their control group peers. There were significant changes in knowledge for both live event and webcast participants.


UMLS:C3649263


UMLS:C4324621

The paper discusses the role of genetic variation in the treatment outcomes of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). It highlights that while medications like methadone and buprenorphine have shown success in treating OUD, a significant percentage of patients still fail to maintain abstinence or reduce illicit opioid use. The paper suggests that this variability in outcomes could be due to genetic factors that affect the metabolism of OUD medications, treatment outcomes, and the rate of negative side effects and adverse events.


UMLS:C3653393


UMLS:C5425812

have well documented success rates in treating


EFO:0004828


UMLS:C0520260

The study investigates the factors influencing opioid prescribing behavior among surgeons after curative-intent surgery. The research identified five theoretical domains relevant to opioid prescribing: environmental context and resources; social influences; beliefs about consequences; social/professional role and identity; and goals. Based on these domains, three interventions were suggested to improve opioid prescribing: enablement, environmental restructuring, and education.


UMLS:C0683268


UMLS:C0841855


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:107670

The Complementary Health Approaches for Pain Survey (CHAPS) was developed to understand the patterns and correlates of Complementary Health Approaches (CHAs) in chronic pain populations, especially in rural, underserved communities. The survey, which takes 10-12 minutes to complete, was tested in four West Virginia pain management and rheumatology practices. The results showed that the majority of the participants experienced chronic pain, had multiple health conditions, were white, female, middle-aged, and either disabled or obese. A significant number of participants used opioids, other prescription medications, and at least one CHA for pain. The CHAPS was found to be a reliable tool for assessing CHA use specifically for pain management.


UMLS:C0259628

The study investigates the role of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in causing migraine-like pain in mice. The research found that activation of PAR2, which is expressed on dural afferents and fibroblasts, produces migraine-like behavioral responses. The activation of PAR2 is linked to the activation of meningeal nociceptors, which is believed to be a cause of migraine pain. The study suggests that PAR2 could be a potential therapeutic target for treating migraines in humans.


GO:0043303


MESH:C000602226

Trigeminal neurons, Dural fibroblasts, Meningeal afferents


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126970682


UMLS:C0259628


UMLS:C0949742

The study aims to optimize Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT) treatment protocols for low back pain (LBP). The researchers propose to use co-intervention exercise strategies to enhance the effects of SMT. The study will examine the impact of these strategies on spinal stiffness and lumbar multifidus activation, which are identified as possible mechanisms of SMT. The optimized protocol will then be evaluated in future clinical trials. The study will use a phased, factorial randomized trial design to evaluate the effects of three intervention components provided in eight combinations on mechanistic and patient-reported outcomes.


UMLS:C1831738


UMLS:C0949742

Optimized Spinal Manipulative Therapy protocol


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:73673519

The study investigates the effects of the prodrug FTY720, which acts as an agonist for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, in pain management. The drug was tested in two mouse models: one for acute thermal pain and another for chronic nerve injury pain. The results showed that FTY720 was effective in reducing pain in both models, with the effects being dose-dependent. However, tolerance to the drug's effects developed in the acute thermal pain model but not in the chronic nerve injury model. This suggests that the drug's mechanism of action may differ between these two types of pain. The study also found that repeated administration of FTY720 led to desensitization of S1P receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which may explain the development of tolerance in the acute thermal pain model.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:73673519


UMLS:C2316111


UMLS:C0030705

The study found that new persistent opioid use is a common postoperative complication, with 6% of previously opioid-naïve patients continuing to fill opioid prescriptions 3-6 months after surgery. The study identified that surgeons provide the majority of opioid prescriptions during the first 3 months after surgery. However, 9 to 12 months after surgery, the majority of opioid prescriptions were provided by primary care physicians. The study suggests that enhanced care coordination between surgeons and primary care physicians could allow earlier identification of patients at risk for new persistent opioid use to prevent misuse and dependence.


UMLS:C0033131


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that implementing evidence-based opioid prescribing guidelines for one surgical procedure led to a decrease in opioid prescribing for four other surgical procedures. The study also found that there was not a significant increase in requests for refills. This suggests that raising awareness about safe and appropriate opioid prescribing after operations can have a broader impact.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


UMLS:C2350518


UMLS:C4324621

The study reviews the genetic factors contributing to opioid use disorder (OUD), a condition affecting millions globally. The research has focused on candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The most studied genes include the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1), the delta-opioid receptor (OPRD1), the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Variants in these genes have shown small but consistent effects on OUD risk. GWAS have identified potential associations with variants in KCNG2, KCNC1, CNIH3, APBB2, and RGMA. However, these genetic associations explain only a small portion of OUD risk. Future studies need to incorporate rare variants, epigenetics, and gene × environment interactions to better explain the observed heritability.


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C4324621

brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)


UMLS:C4324621

needs to be incorporated in future studies


UMLS:C4284575

The study examined the impact of the US Drug Enforcement Administration's 2014 policy change, which moved hydrocodone-containing analgesics from schedule III to the more restrictive schedule II, on postoperative opioid prescriptions. The analysis of outpatient opioid prescriptions filled between January 2012 and October 2015 showed that after the policy change, the mean amount of opioids filled in the initial prescription increased by approximately 35 oral morphine equivalents (OMEs), equivalent to 7 tablets of hydrocodone (5 mg). However, there were no significant differences in the total OMEs filled during the 30-day postoperative period before and after the schedule change, but there was a significant decrease in the refill rate.


UMLS:C5423107


UMLS:C0086027

The study aimed to compare the availability of kappa opioid receptors (KOR) in alcohol-dependent individuals and healthy controls. The study found that alcohol-dependent individuals had significantly lower KOR availability in the amygdala and pallidum regions. The study also found that KOR availability does not change with age.


UMLS:C0064239


MONDO:0005566

The study aimed to determine the extent of Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in West Virginia using a real-time statewide surveillance system, Project WATCH. The data from all births in the state from October to December 2017 were examined. The annual incidence rate of NAS was found to be 51.3 per 1000 live births per year for all births and 50.6 per 1000 live births per year for West Virginia residents only. The study suggests the need to develop effective systems of care for the mother-infant dyad affected by substance use, especially in rural communities.


UMLS:C0871124


UMLS:C0462602


UMLS:C0946429


UMLS:C0812393

continued to fill prescriptions after lung resection

The study analyzed the incidence and factors associated with new persistent opioid use after lung resection in opioid-naïve cancer patients. The study found that 14% of these patients continued to fill opioid prescriptions following lung resection. The independent risk factors for persistent opioid usage were age less than or equal to 64 years, male sex, postoperative length of stay, thoracotomy, and adjuvant therapy. The greatest risk factors were adjuvant therapy and thoracotomy.


UMLS:C0439090


GO:0030238


UMLS:C0023303


UMLS:C0039991


UMLS:C0677850

greatest risk factor for persistent usage


MONDO:0024317

The study investigates the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile phone app, MyBehaviorCBP, which uses machine learning to generate personalized physical activity recommendations for individuals with chronic back pain. The app was found to be effective in a pilot study, with 90% of participants feeling positive about trying the recommendations. The app's recommendations were found to be easier to adopt and were actualized more compared to generic recommendations from an expert. Participants also suggested improvements such as push notifications and adaptation for weather, pain level, or weekend/weekday.


UMLS:C3649263


UMLS:C0020027

The study compared postoperative opioid prescribing in teaching hospitals versus non-teaching hospitals in Michigan. It was found that patients discharged from teaching hospitals received significantly larger postoperative opioid prescriptions and had higher rates of high-risk prescribing compared to non-teaching hospitals. The study suggests that all hospitals, especially teaching institutions, should ensure adequate resources for safe postoperative opioid prescribing.


UMLS:C0442681


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study examines the trend in opioid-related outcomes in West Virginia from 2008 to 2016 using hospitalization and mortality data. The findings reveal that the hospitalization rate for opioid overdoses increased by an average of 13% each year, similar to the state's opioid overdose death rate which increased by 12% annually. The percentage of patients with a repeat opioid overdose also increased by 13% each year. The study suggests a need for comprehensive prevention and treatment efforts to address the surge of opioid overdoses in the state.


UMLS:C0572061


UMLS:C0679731


UMLS:C0679782

The study analyzed preoperative opioid use in patients undergoing elective surgery and its relationship with the need for additional opioid prescriptions post-surgery. It was found that preoperative opioid use is common and varies by dose, recency, duration, and continuity of fills. The study identified six groups of preoperative opioid use, ranging from minimal to chronic. Preoperative opioid use was the most influential predictor of the need for a second opioid prescription within 30 days post-surgery. Even minimal preoperative use increased the likelihood of needing additional postoperative prescriptions compared to opioid-naive patients.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345

The study analyzed drug-related deaths in West Virginia from 2005 to 2017, focusing on the involvement of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs (FAs). The study found that while prescription opioid-related deaths decreased by 75% from 2005-14 to 2015-17, deaths involving fentanyl increased by 122% in the same period. Ten FAs were identified after 2015. The study also found that fentanyl, heroin, and cocaine replaced oxycodone, diazepam, and hydrocodone in the top five most frequently identified substances beginning in 2015.


UMLS:C5425812


UMLS:C2266951


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5462328

replaced in the top five most frequently identified substances


MONDO:0006629

The study investigates the variation in long-term opioid use in osteoarthritis patients based on geography and access to health care. The study found that the percentage of osteoarthritis patients taking long-term opioids varied widely across states, with the highest percentage in Alabama and the lowest in Minnesota. Access to primary care providers was only slightly associated with rates of long-term opioid use, while access to rheumatologists was not associated with long-term opioid use. The variation in opioid use was not fully explained by differences in access to health care providers, varying case-mix, or state-level policies.


UMLS:C5690760


UMLS:C5243474


UMLS:C4709628

The study found that 8.3% of opioid-naïve patients developed prolonged opioid use after undergoing shoulder arthroscopy. The risk was higher among women, those with greater opioid use in the early postoperative period, mental health conditions, substance dependence and abuse, and preexisting pain disorders. The highest risk was associated with patients who had a total opioid dose during the perioperative period that was ≥743 oral morphine equivalents, followed by patients with a suicide and self-harm disorder, a history of alcohol dependence or abuse, a mood disorder, an opioid prescription filled in the 30 days before surgery, female sex, an anxiety disorder, and a history of a pain diagnosis.


UMLS:C5575766

Patients with a total opioid dose during the perioperative period that was ≥743 oral morphine equivalents


UMLS:C0178360

Patients with a suicide and self-harm disorder


UMLS:C0032804


UMLS:C5234947

The study reveals a significant increase in the incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) associated with IV drug use in Southern West Virginia over the last decade. The number of IE cases rose from 26 in 2008 to 66 in 2015, mirroring the increase in mixed drug use. The total hospital charges for these cases amounted to over $17 million, but only 22% of these charges were paid, resulting in a hospital deficit of over $13 million.


UMLS:C0206175


UMLS:C1404352


UMLS:C2874959

The study investigates the impact of using a drug-deactivation bag on the disposal practices of adults after a surgical procedure. The results are compared with those who received standard care or a disposal information sheet.


UMLS:C5545613


UMLS:C0725872


UMLS:C0002251

The study reveals that the application of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to the rat dura mater produces cutaneous periorbital hypersensitivity, a response only observed in females. This suggests that CGRP-induced headache-like behavioral responses are female-specific. The study also suggests that the dura mater is a primary location of action for CGRP in migraine and that female-specific mechanisms downstream of CGRP receptor activation contribute to the higher prevalence of migraine in women.


UMLS:C0002251


UBERON:0002363


UniProtKB:A0A9L0SH84


UMLS:C0752046

The study found that four out of fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes previously associated with substance use disorder (SUD) were present at statistically significant frequencies in a group of 60 patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) in West Virginia. These SNPs could potentially be used to predict susceptibility to OUD.


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C1519329


UMLS:C0030705

The study investigates the feasibility of an opioid-sparing pain management strategy after surgical procedures. Patients were advised to use acetaminophen and ibuprofen, with a small "rescue" opioid prescription for breakthrough pain. The results showed that 52% of patients used no opioids after procedures, and 91% agreed that their pain was manageable. Patients who used opioids were younger, reported higher pain scores, received larger rescue prescriptions, and were less likely to agree that their pain was manageable. The study concludes that an opioid-sparing pathway can effectively reduce or even eliminate opioid use after minor surgical procedures, while maintaining high patient satisfaction and pain control.


UMLS:C0747141


NCBITaxon:513947

The study discusses West Virginia's (WV) approach to expanding the use of buprenorphine, a medication used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). WV, which has the highest rates of overdose deaths and some of the lowest rates of access to medication-assisted treatment (MAT), used a modified hub-and-spoke model to increase the use of buprenorphine. The model involves a central coordinating center that uses video conferencing to train regional hubs, which then treat patients and train local spokes. As a result of this model, 14 health care facilities have started using buprenorphine, 56 health professionals were trained, and 196 patients with OUD have been treated. The study calls for further research to determine the effectiveness of this model and to address stigma and regulatory barriers.


FB:FBgn0020771


UMLS:C1707512


UMLS:C2363527


UMLS:C0679915


UMLS:C2713369

The study examined the patterns of prescription opioid use before total joint replacement (TJR) among US Medicare enrollees aged 65 years and above. It was found that over 60% of the patients used opioids, with 12.4% using them continuously in the 12 months prior to surgery. Factors associated with continuous opioid use included African American race, history of drug abuse, and back pain. The study suggests further research is needed to understand the risks of preoperative use of opioids in TJR patients and to optimize pain management.


UMLS:C4540921


UMLS:C0520260

The study investigates the transition of care for postoperative opioid prescribing from surgeons to primary care physicians. It was found that surgeons often passively transition patients to primary care physicians after ruling out surgical complications. However, these patients often return to the surgeon when primary care physicians are uncertain of the cause of ongoing pain. The study suggests that setting preoperative expectations and engaging in active transition for postoperative opioid prescribing could be ideal practices. Three behavioral targets for intervention were identified: knowledge (guidelines for coordination of care), barriers (utilizing support staff for active transition), and professional role (incentive for multidisciplinary collaboration).


UMLS:C0520260


UMLS:C0841855


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the impact of opioids on the fetal brain, which has not been adequately considered in the debate between medication-assisted treatment and medically supervised withdrawal for pregnant women with opioid use disorder. Studies show that opioids negatively affect the human brain, particularly the developing oligodendrocyte and processes of myelinization, connectivity, and the size of multiple brain regions. The long-term effects of these changes in the fetal brain are unclear, but could potentially cause lasting injury. The paper suggests a new paradigm of care that includes both medication-assisted treatment and medically supervised withdrawal, along with mental health and social services support.


UMLS:C4704949


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C2169657


UMLS:C4709628

The study analyzed Medicare Part D claims of patients over 65 years old who underwent surgery between 2009 and 2015. It was found that 9.8% of these patients, who had not filled an opioid prescription in the year before their surgery, developed new persistent opioid use. Risk factors for this included major surgery, comorbid conditions, mood disorders, suicide or self-harm, substance abuse disorders, filling an opioid prescription before surgery, higher amounts of opioids filled, black race, and Medicaid eligibility.


UMLS:C0242673


UMLS:C0851542


UMLS:C0086640


MONDO:0002491


UMLS:C5418096

The study investigates the use of naltrexone (NTX) in pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD) and compares it with buprenorphine (BUP). The study found that none of the women on NTX had documented opioid misuse, and none of their infants had a neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) diagnosis, compared to 23% and 92% respectively in the BUP group. Infants exposed to NTX had a shorter hospital stay. The results suggest that NTX treatment during pregnancy may have favorable outcomes, but larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.


UMLS:C0033011


UMLS:C0557792


UMLS:C0001792

The study investigates the association of preoperative opioid use with mortality and other complications after total knee replacement (TKR) in patients aged 65 and older. The study found that continuous opioid users had a higher risk of revision operations, vertebral fractures, and opioid overdose at 30 days post-TKR compared to opioid-naive patients. However, there were no significant differences in in-hospital or 30-day mortality between the two groups.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


UMLS:C5396992

Patients with higher anxiety, greater sleep disturbance, heavy alcohol use, current tobacco use

The study aimed to identify preoperative patient characteristics associated with postoperative outpatient opioid use and the frequency of opioid overprescribing. The study included opioid-naïve patients undergoing major surgeries like hysterectomy, thoracic surgery, and total knee and hip arthroplasty. Factors such as younger age, non-white race, lack of a college degree, higher anxiety, greater sleep disturbance, heavy alcohol use, current tobacco use, and larger initial opioid prescription size were found to be significantly associated with increased opioid consumption. The study found that the median total oral morphine equivalents prescribed was significantly higher than the median opioid consumption.


UMLS:C5392921


UMLS:C0008096

The study investigates racial disparities in the filling of opioid prescriptions by pediatric patients after cholecystectomy. The research found that black children were significantly less likely than white children to fill an opioid prescription postoperatively. This disparity was particularly noticeable in black children treated at non-children's hospitals in large-/medium-sized urban counties. The study suggests that this disparity may be partly due to a longer average length of stay among black children.


UMLS:C0742390


UMLS:C0008096


UMLS:C5679368

The study investigates the brain activity of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) and those with both OUD and cocaine use disorder (OUD+CUD) when exposed to opioid-related cues. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and dynamic causal modeling, the study found that the effective connectivity between the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the right hippocampus showed the most significant change when participants were exposed to opioid words. This change was positively correlated with attentional bias, suggesting a link between brain activity and the likelihood of relapse in individuals with OUD and OUD+CUD.


UMLS:C0376335


UBERON:0009835


UMLS:C1707489


UMLS:C0033082

The paper discusses the development and implementation of evidence-based guidelines for postoperative opioid prescribing. The study found that opioids are often overprescribed after surgery, leading to adverse outcomes such as opioid use disorder and diversion of leftover pills. The researchers reviewed 30 studies and their institutional experience to develop a pathway for creating opioid-prescribing recommendations. This pathway, which was rapidly adopted, resulted in a 37% to 63% reduction in opioid prescribing without increasing requests for refills or patient-reported pain scores.


UMLS:C0033082


UMLS:C1520113


NCBIGene:179216

The study investigates the impact of chronic pain on the µ-opioid system and how the genetic profile, specifically COMT polymorphisms, affects its activation. The study involved 12 chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients and 12 healthy controls. The results showed that during a pain challenge, TMD patients had significant reductions in µ-opioid receptor binding potential in the contralateral parahippocampus compared to healthy controls. This reduction was also significantly lower in TMD patients with longer pain chronicity. TMD patients with the COMT158Met substitution had higher pain sensitivity and longer pain chronicity. The study concludes that there is strong evidence of dysregulation of the main analgesic and limbic systems in chronic TMD pain and that the genetic profile can help identify TMD patients more susceptible to chronic pain sensitivity and opioid dysfunction.


NCBIGene:179216


UMLS:C0547045

TMD diagnosis, COMT158Met substitution, and pain chronicity

µ-opioid receptor binding potential variance


UMLS:C0542459

The study evaluated the effects of shared decision making using a decision aid for opioid prescribing after hysterectomy. The decision aid was used to educate patients about postoperative pain management and the department's guidelines on the maximum number of opioid tablets recommended per prescription. Patients were then asked to choose their desired number of tablets to receive on discharge. The study found that patients who used the decision aid were discharged with significantly fewer opioids than those who did not use the decision aid. There was no significant change in the number of requested refills. The study concluded that a simple decision aid can significantly decrease opioid prescribing without compromising patient satisfaction or postoperative pain management.


UMLS:C0542459


UMLS:C0509493

The study conducted a randomized controlled trial of a virtual perspective-taking intervention to reduce racial and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in pain treatment decisions by physicians. The intervention included personalized feedback about their bias, real-time interactions with virtual patients, and videos showing how pain affects patients' lives. The results showed that the intervention significantly reduced treatment bias against black and low SES patients, and increased compassion for patients. However, it did not affect the comfort level of providers in treating patients. The study suggests that such an online intervention can lead to more equitable pain care.


UMLS:C0871069


UMLS:C0032743

The paper discusses the advancements in medical imaging methods, particularly positron emission tomography (PET), which has provided insights into the neuroplastic changes that occur in the context of pain experience. PET studies have helped identify the brain structures involved in pain processing and modulation, and have elucidated the neural mechanisms that underlie healthy and pathological pain regulation. The studies have also revealed the biological basis of the interindividual variability in pain perception and regulation, and have provided crucial information about the mechanisms that drive placebo and nocebo effects. Furthermore, PET studies have allowed the exploration of the dynamic interaction between behavior and genetic factors and between different pain modulatory systems.


UMLS:C0032743


UMLS:C0032743

provides information about the mechanisms that drive


UMLS:C0032743

allows exploration of the dynamic interaction between


UMLS:C1533017

The study investigates the ethnic differences in pain perception, focusing on the role of µ-opioid receptor (MOR) function. The research involved 27 non-Hispanic black (NHB) and 27 non-Hispanic white participants, who underwent PET imaging sessions and pain ratings collection. The results showed that NHB participants had significantly greater [C]-Carfentanil BPND in various brain regions, suggesting a higher unoccupied MOR density than their non-Hispanic white counterparts. However, there were no significant main effects of condition or ethnicity × condition interaction effects across models. The findings imply that physiological differences may underlie ethnicity-related pain disparities, emphasizing the need for tailored treatments in historically underserved populations.


EFO:0003843


UMLS:C1533017


UMLS:C5441482


MONDO:0005277

The paper discusses the recent discoveries in the mechanisms and therapeutic targets for migraines. It highlights the role of the central and peripheral nervous systems in migraine attacks and discusses new therapeutics that have become available. The paper also discusses the role of the vasculature, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and mechanisms within the cortex and meninges in migraine attacks. It also mentions potential therapeutic targets, including acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and the delta-opioid receptor (DOR).


MONDO:0005277


UMLS:C0030705

The study examined the impact of persistent opioid use after surgery on healthcare costs and utilization. It was found that patients who developed persistent opioid use after surgery had higher healthcare spending compared to those who did not. This increase in spending was due to greater readmissions and ambulatory care visits. The study suggests that early identification of patients vulnerable to persistent opioid use may enhance the value of surgical care.


UMLS:C2721683


UMLS:C2603343

The study aimed to develop a clinical decision aid for chiropractic management of common conditions causing low back pain (LBP) in veterans. The study used an online consensus method among VA doctors of chiropractic. The study group produced a chiropractic clinical decision aid for LBP management, which can be used to support evidence-based care decisions for veterans with LBP.


UMLS:C0600577


UMLS:C0408832


UMLS:C0086750

The study aims to understand the impact of anesthesia opioid-related outcomes and acute and chronic postsurgical pain. It combines pre- and postoperative patient-reported outcomes with high-resolution intraoperative data from multiple institutions. The study focuses on the influence of patient characteristics, preoperative psychological factors, surgical procedure, anesthetic course, postoperative pain management, and postdischarge pain management on postdischarge pain profiles and opioid consumption patterns. The study uses a digital case report form integrated with the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) framework and database, serving as a model for future studies.


UMLS:C0033898


UMLS:C1320733


UMLS:C0020588


UMLS:C2874959

used before and after liver transplantation

The study examined opioid use in adults who underwent liver transplantation between December 2009 and February 2015. It was found that 45% of patients filled at least one opioid prescription in the year before the transplant, and 61% filled an opioid prescription 0-2 months after discharge. Among patients who were opioid-naive before the transplant, 4% developed chronic use post-transplant. Among patients with pretransplant opioid use, 84% remained intermittent or increased to chronic use, and 73% of chronic users remained chronic users after transplant. Pretransplant opioid use and hepatobiliary malignancy were the only factors associated with risk of persistent or increased posttransplant opioid use.


UMLS:C0023911


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C0852439


UMLS:C0679775

The study discusses the Comprehensive Opioid Addiction Treatment (COAT) program in West Virginia, which uses a group-based buprenorphine treatment model for opioid addiction. Data from 454 patients were analyzed, with the average patient being 39 years old, 53% female, 94% white, and 68% having Medicaid as their primary insurance provider. The study found that 37.8% of patients stayed in the program for less than a year, while 14.7% stayed for 10 or more years. Starting treatment at a younger age was associated with longer retention in the program.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


EFO:0000246


UMLS:C3879450

The study aimed to validate the pain measurements of a neuroscience-based 3D body pain mobile app called GeoPain. The study found that the GeoPain app was more precise and reliable in measuring and analyzing sensory-discriminative aspects of subregional pain in terms of its severity and response to treatment, without being influenced by mood variations from patients. The app was compared to the traditional visual analog scale (VAS) and was found to have higher reliability and sensitivity for measuring treatment effect over time for sensory-discriminative pain. The app also required a smaller sample size to assess the analgesic efficacy of treatment compared to VAS.


UMLS:C0513181

has better sensitivity and reliability for measuring


MONDO:0010870


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:1548943

The study investigates the differences in pain responses to capsaicin, a common experimental pain stimulus, between non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white adults. The study used infrared thermography to measure capsaicin-induced neurogenic flare and found no significant differences between the two ethnic groups. However, non-Hispanic black individuals reported greater average pain during the capsaicin procedures compared to non-Hispanic white individuals. The study suggests that infrared thermography is a more reliable method than subjective experimenter report for measuring neurogenic inflammation in diverse samples.


UMLS:C3880578


UMLS:C1533017

experience greater pain during procedures with


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10071196

The study investigates the effects of pimavanserin and lorcaserin, two FDA-approved drugs, on cocaine intake and cocaine-seeking behavior in male rats. The results show that acute administration of lorcaserin reduces cocaine intake, but pimavanserin does not. However, repeated administration of either drug or their combination during forced abstinence from cocaine significantly reduces cocaine-seeking behavior. This suggests that these drugs could potentially be used to treat cocaine use disorder (CUD).


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:11658860


UMLS:C4763868


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study analyzed the association between preoperative opioid use and readmissions after surgery in patients aged 65 and above. It was found that 45% of the 373,991 patients filled a preoperative opioid prescription within 12 months of surgery. The study found that preoperative opioid exposure was associated with a higher rate of opioid-related, pain-related, and respiratory-related readmissions. Higher levels of preoperative opioid exposure were associated with an increased risk of readmissions after surgery.


UMLS:C2738936

The study found that Black and low socioeconomic status (SES) patients receive less adequate pain care compared to White and high SES patients. This disparity is partly due to the biased decisions of providers influenced by their attitudes about race and SES. The study also found that providers were more likely to recommend opioids to Black and low SES patients and use opioid contracts with low SES patients. The providers' implicit and explicit attitudes predicted some of their pain-related decisions.


UMLS:C0086996


UMLS:C0871970


UMLS:C0259967

more likely to recommend to Black and low SES patients


UMLS:C0259967

more likely to use with low SES patients


UMLS:C0681381

The study investigates the relationship between school climate and the initiation of substance use among middle school students. The findings suggest that a positive school climate may prevent the initiation of substance use. However, the perception of school climate was found to decrease over time, and substance use initiation increased as students grew older. The study suggests that early substance use initiation may indicate other underlying issues in students and that a positive school climate can delay substance use initiation and promote school success.


UMLS:C0001578


UMLS:C0150359


UMLS:C0681381


UMLS:C0009244

The study aims to evaluate the mechanisms of three chronic pain treatments: cognitive therapy (CT), mindfulness meditation (MM), and activation skills (AS). The study will involve 300 individuals with chronic pain, primarily or secondarily due to low back pain. The participants will be randomly assigned to eight telehealth group sessions of CT, MM, or AS. The study will assess the mechanisms and outcomes twice daily during a 2-week baseline, 4-week treatment period, and 4-week post-treatment period. The primary outcome will be measured by the PROMIS 5-item Pain Interference scale. The study aims to provide an empirical basis for enhancing and streamlining psychosocial chronic pain interventions and guide future efforts towards optimizing maintenance of gains to effectively reduce relapse risk.


UMLS:C4724961


UMLS:C0556562


UMLS:C3649263


UMLS:C2603343


UMLS:C0259628

The study investigates the cellular basis of pain evoked by Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). The researchers developed a PAR2-conditional knockout mouse and deleted PAR2 in all sensory neurons. The results showed that PAR2 agonist-evoked mechanical hyperalgesia and facial grimacing, but not thermal hyperalgesia, are dependent on PAR2 expression in sensory neurons that project to the hind paw in both male and female mice. F2rl1 mRNA is expressed in a small population of sensory neurons that coexpress the Nppb and IL31ra genes. This cell population has been implicated in itch, but the study shows that PAR2 activation in these cells causes clear pain-related behaviors from the skin.


NCBIGene:2150


UMLS:C0027883


NCBIGene:825054


UMLS:C0582175

The study investigates the link between surgeon prescribing practices and new persistent postoperative opioid use in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. The research found that 66% of surgeons exhibited high-risk prescribing, which included high daily doses, overlapping benzodiazepine prescriptions, concurrent opioid prescriptions, prescriptions from multiple providers, or long-acting opioid prescriptions. Patients of surgeons with the highest rates of high-risk prescribing were more likely to develop persistent use compared to patients of surgeons with the lowest rates. The study suggests that reducing prescribing and encouraging opioid alternatives could minimize postoperative persistent opioid use.


UMLS:C1261242


UMLS:C0582175


UMLS:C0582393

Reducing prescribing and encouraging opioid alternatives


CHEBI:30879

The study quantifies the influence of alcohol, polysubstance use, and other factors on opioid concentrations in drug-related deaths in West Virginia, United States. The research found that alcohol concentrations of 0.08% or above were associated with significant reductions in blood concentrations of fentanyl, hydrocodone, and methadone. Lower predicted concentrations of all opioids studied were associated with multiple opioid vs. single opioid presence. The presence of benzodiazepine was associated with small, non-statistically significant changes in opioid concentrations, while the presence of stimulants was associated with statistically significant reductions in hydrocodone and oxycodone concentrations.


CHEBI:30879


UMLS:C0026763


UMLS:C0582175

The study evaluated the impact of surgeon experience on opioid prescribing after surgery. The study found that the amount of opioids prescribed post-surgery was highest for patients whose surgeons were early in their practice (0-7 years). Other factors such as surgeon credentials, type of surgery, and geographic region also influenced the size of opioid prescriptions. These findings can help in developing strategic interventions to enhance opioid stewardship.


UMLS:C0242673


UMLS:C0596545


UMLS:C4505099


UMLS:C4505038

The study aimed to determine if there was a difference in post-discharge opioid consumption between patients who underwent minimally invasive colectomy and those who underwent open colectomy. The study found no significant difference in opioid consumption between the two groups. Factors such as the size of the postoperative prescription, patient age, and diagnosis were found to be more important in determining opioid use.


UMLS:C0877071


EFO:0000246


MONDO:0012132


UMLS:C0678449

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of inhaled cannabis in relieving chronic pain in adults with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). The randomized clinical trial involved participants inhaling vaporized cannabis or a placebo three times daily for five days. The results showed that there was no significant reduction in pain and associated symptoms, except for interference in mood, in patients with SCD with chronic pain when using vaporized cannabis compared to the placebo.


UMLS:C0678449


CHEBI:67201


UMLS:C0030705

The study found that patients in rural Appalachian areas undergoing treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) have high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), with more than half reporting 4+ categories of such experiences. Females reported more categories of adverse experiences than males, and were significantly more likely to have experienced sexual abuse. The study suggests that these high rates of childhood adversities, particularly among females, may partially explain despair in rural Appalachian areas. The study recommends that OUD treatment programs should conduct clinical assessments of trauma and integrate trauma-informed care into drug treatment, especially for female patients.


UMLS:C4746438


UMLS:C3162247


UMLS:C1444363

The study discusses the adaptation of the first large pragmatic randomized controlled trial of the Whole Health model for chronic pain care for diverse VA clinical settings. The study used the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Systems implementation framework and conducted interviews and meetings with VA leadership, frontline clinicians, and veterans with chronic pain at 5 VA enrollment sites. The study found that unique clinical contexts and varying resources for Whole Health and pain care delivery affected plans for trial implementation. The study suggests that locally tailored pragmatic implementation strategies may improve the likelihood of successful trial execution as well as future implementation of evidence-based pain care approaches in real-world clinical settings.


UMLS:C0589212


UMLS:C1740791

Evidence-based quality improvement (EBQI) meetings


UMLS:C0003100


UMLS:C3533255

The study aimed to evaluate racial disparities in pediatric postoperative opioid prescription filling. It included black or white pediatric Medicaid patients who underwent tonsillectomy, supracondylar humeral fracture fixation, or appendectomy. The study found that the proportion of black appendectomy patients with a postoperative opioid prescription was significantly lower compared to white patients. However, this difference was no longer significant after adjusting for other patient and provider characteristics. The study did not identify racial disparities in opioid prescription filling in adjusted analyses.


UMLS:C3533255


UMLS:C3533255

lower filling compared to white patients


UMLS:C0430135

The study discusses the implementation of a state-wide naloxone distribution program in West Virginia, which has the highest opioid overdose fatality rate in the US. The program distributed 8250 rescue kits and was facilitated by government, community, and university partners. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders to identify the facilitators and barriers to the program. Facilitators included collaborative partnerships, ease of participation, established prevention efforts, demand for naloxone, and the need for personal protection from overdose. Barriers included bureaucracy, stigma, logistical issues, problems with reporting, lack of communication post-distribution, and sustainability. The study found that the impact of facilitators outweighed the barriers.


UMLS:C1153197


UMLS:C0679881


UMLS:C0242402

The study assessed the impact of a quality improvement intervention aimed at reducing opioid prescriptions after surgery in a regional health system. The intervention involved the implementation of opioid prescribing guidelines. Data was collected from February 2017 to May 2019 from a 70-hospital surgical collaborative. The results showed that the intervention led to a significant decrease in the size of opioid prescriptions and consumption, while patient satisfaction and postoperative pain remained unchanged. The study concluded that the use of procedure-specific prescribing guidelines reduced postoperative opioid prescribing by 50% while providing satisfactory pain care.


UMLS:C2936612


UMLS:C4048294

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of prenatal opioid exposure on the functional connectivity of the amygdala in infants. The study found that infants exposed to opioids in utero showed significant differences in the connectivity of the amygdala to several cortical regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex, compared to infants not exposed to opioids. This suggests that maternal opioid exposure may alter the function of the amygdala in infants.


UMLS:C0871124


UMLS:C5554796


UMLS:C0457949

The study aimed to identify community resources for the treatment of back pain through physical activity and health maintenance activities (PAHM). The study utilized members of the West Virginia Physical Activity Network (WVPAN) to gather information about local resources and perceptions of various treatment modalities. The results showed strong support for physical therapy, flexibility training, yoga, and core strengthening as treatments for back pain. The study suggests that implementing PAHM interventions in communities could help treat back pain and reduce reliance on pharmacological treatments.


UMLS:C0199203

Physical activity and Health maintenance activities (PAHM)


UMLS:C2080738

Physical therapy, Flexibility training, Yoga, Core strengthening


UMLS:C0841855


UMLS:C0871124

The paper reviews the impact of prenatal opioid exposure (POE) on infants, focusing on the neural mechanisms that lead to long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes. The study suggests that these outcomes may be due to opioid-induced changes in the fetal and early postnatal brain. However, other factors such as maternal, social, and environmental factors also play a role. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown brain alterations in children with POE. The paper emphasizes the need for further research in this area, particularly in the use of early neuroimaging and novel methodology to understand the changes in the developing brain due to opioids.


UMLS:C0679575


UMLS:C0030705

The study investigates the incidence of new persistent opioid use after inguinal hernia repair and its associated risk factors. It was found that 1.5% of patients developed new persistent opioid use after the surgery. The most significant risk factor was filling an opioid prescription in the 30 days before surgery. Other risk factors included receiving a larger opioid prescription, having more comorbidities, having a major postoperative complication, and certain mental health and pain disorders.


UMLS:C1411103


UMLS:C0842498

The study investigates the impact of preoperative opioid use on the mortality rate after outpatient surgery.


UMLS:C3160881

The study investigates the relationship between neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and health insurance status in a rural population in West Virginia, USA. The data shows that Medicaid covered more than half of all infants' births in the state. The incidence of NAS was significantly higher in the Medicaid insured group compared to the privately insured group. Among all infants diagnosed with NAS, a vast majority were enrolled in the state's Medicaid program. The study highlights the disparity in NAS by health insurance status and its burden on the state's Medicaid program.


MONDO:0005566


UMLS:C0025071


NCBITaxon:513947


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study found that the amount of opioids prescribed to patients undergoing common surgical oncology procedures was significantly higher than the amount consumed. This was observed in procedures such as breast biopsy, lumpectomy, and mastectomy or wide local excision. While most patients received education on how to take opioids, only a small percentage were instructed on proper disposal. As a result, a large majority of prescriptions resulted in unused opioids, with only a small fraction of these patients disposing of them safely. This indicates a potential for reducing opioid prescriptions.


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C2350519


MONDO:0100096

The study discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), particularly those in under-resourced and rural areas. The pandemic has heightened concerns about mental health and risky substance use among this population. Despite policies easing treatment requirements, there may be unintended mental health consequences. The paper proposes strategies to improve outcomes for those seeking treatment for SUDs in these areas.


UMLS:C5392141


UMLS:C0726639


UMLS:C0242456


UMLS:C0237896

outcomes for those seeking treatment for SUDs


UMLS:C3161035

The study aimed to predict the response to spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) in patients with low back pain using a restricted, non-pragmatic methodology, established variables of responder status, and newly developed physical measures. The study found that response to treatment could be predicted by a model containing eight variables: height, gender, neck or upper back pain, pain frequency in the past 6 months, the STarT Back Tool, patients' expectations about medication and strengthening exercises, and extension status. The model had a sensitivity of 72.2%, specificity of 84.2%, a positive likelihood ratio of 4.6, a negative likelihood ratio of 0.3, and area under ROC curve, 0.79.


UMLS:C0002428

The study evaluated opioid prescribing trends and persistent use after ambulatory anorectal surgeries. The data was collected from the Optum Clinformatics claims database for patients who underwent outpatient hemorrhoid, fissure, or fistula procedures from 2010 to 2017. The study found that the annual rate of perioperative opioid fills decreased from 72% in 2010 to 66% in 2017. The prescription size also reduced over the study period. However, 2.1% of patients developed new persistent opioid use. Factors associated with new persistent opioid use included additional perioperative opioid fills, increased comorbidity, tobacco use, and pain disorders. The study suggests a need to develop best practices for anorectal surgery to eliminate unnecessary opioid prescribing.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


UMLS:C4324621


NCBIGene:18479494

The Pain Management Collaboratory (PMC) is a network of pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) focused on nonpharmacological approaches to pain management. The PMC developed a two-step strategy to identify and remediate research-site overlap, a problem that could negatively affect recruitment and contaminate interventions. The strategy involved obtaining detailed recruitment plans across all PMC PCTs and developing plans to address overlap. Remediation efforts focused on exclusion criteria and recruitment strategies. Of 61 recruitment sites for the 11 PMC PCTs, 17 (28%) overlapped. The PMC developed three general strategies to avoid research-site overlap: modify exclusion criteria, coordinate recruitment efforts, and/or replace or avoid any overlapping sites.


UMLS:C2985572


NCBIGene:18479494


UMLS:C0582434

The study aimed to optimize Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT) protocols for treating low back pain (LBP). 241 participants with LBP were enrolled and received two SMT treatment sessions in the first week. They were then randomly assigned additional treatment based on a fully factorial design. The three randomized treatment components provided in twice weekly sessions over three weeks were multifidus activating exercise, spinal mobilizing exercise, and additional SMT dose. The results showed significant differences for the Oswestry index after 12 weeks for participants receiving multifidus activating exercise. The optimized SMT protocol identified in this study included SMT sessions followed by multifidus activating exercises.


UMLS:C4744402


UMLS:C0962074

The paper discusses a clinical trial designed to test the effectiveness of the Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain (BCBT-CP) intervention, a non-pharmacological pain management program used in primary care settings. The trial aims to determine whether monthly telehealth booster contacts can improve treatment retention and long-term clinical outcomes for patients with chronic pain. The trial will involve 716 Defense Health Agency beneficiaries and will assess outcomes at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after the first BCBT-CP appointment. The study will also conduct focus groups to evaluate the usability and perceived effectiveness of the booster contacts.


UMLS:C0020975


UMLS:C0589205


UMLS:C1882104

The paper discusses the use of Pragmatic Clinical Trials (PCTs) in assessing the effectiveness of nonpharmacological approaches for pain management. The authors reviewed 13 PCTs conducted between 2010 and 2019, using the Pragmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS-2) criteria. The studies varied in size, recruitment, follow-up time, and location. The findings from these studies were used to identify key features for designing future PCTs. The authors encourage more use of PCTs to develop safe and effective integrated pain care plans that focus on patient-centered outcomes.


UMLS:C4272449


FB:FBgn0024254

The AIM-Back trial is a large-scale clinical research study that aims to determine the best nonpharmacologic treatment for low back pain (LBP) in veterans. The trial will compare two different care pathways: an integrated sequenced-care pathway and a coordinated pain navigator pathway. The primary outcomes are pain interference and physical function, measured at 3 months. A subset of participants will also complete additional surveys for supplementary pain and other measures. The trial will also investigate treatment heterogeneity and compare healthcare utilization patterns, including opioid use, between the two care pathways.


UMLS:C2981729


UMLS:C0919035


FB:FBgn0024254


UMLS:C1524011

Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS)

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) in reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption after moderately to severely painful ambulatory surgery. The study hypothesizes that PNS will reduce surgical pain and opioid use compared to usual analgesia. The study is a multicenter pragmatic effectiveness trial where participants are randomized to receive either electrical stimulation or a sham for 14 days. The results will be assessed at various time points over 12 postoperative months. The study suggests that PNS has the potential to revolutionize postoperative analgesia as it can be administered for up to 60 days at home, has few risks, no systemic side effects, and no potential for abuse, addiction, and overdose unlike opioids.


UMLS:C1524011


UMLS:C4761037


UMLS:C0419360

The study aims to test two mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for treating chronic pain and mental health comorbidities in veterans. The two approaches, Mobile+Group LAMP and Mobile LAMP, are designed to overcome implementation barriers of traditional MBIs. The study will test the effectiveness of these interventions over usual care and whether Mobile+Group LAMP is more effective than Mobile LAMP. The primary outcome is the improvement in chronic pain, and secondary outcomes include improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. The study will also analyze the results in gender-specific strata.


UMLS:C0419360


UMLS:C0042610

The study is a randomized clinical trial testing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention called Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Pain Management (SBIRT-PM) for Veterans seeking compensation for musculoskeletal disorders. The primary outcomes are pain severity and number of substances misused. The study suggests that SBIRT-PM could help Veterans use multimodal pain treatments and reduce existing substance misuse.


UMLS:C0042610


UMLS:C0071300


UMLS:C0042610

The study aims to determine the optimal dosage and frequency of chiropractic care for veterans suffering from chronic low back pain. The study will involve 766 veterans who will be randomly assigned to receive either low-dose (one to five visits) or high-dose (eight to 12 visits) chiropractic care for 10 weeks. After this phase, participants will either receive monthly chiropractic care for chronic pain management for 10 months or no scheduled visits. The primary outcome will be measured using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire at week 10 and week 52. The results will help determine the number of chiropractors needed to best meet the needs of patients with chronic low back pain.


UMLS:C3649263


UMLS:C4286765


UMLS:C4744379

The study aims to determine if a remotely delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) is more effective than in-person and other synchronous forms of CBT-CP for veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The trial will compare an asynchronous form of CBT-CP that uses interactive voice response (IVR) with synchronous CBT-CP delivered by a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) clinician. The primary outcome is pain interference after treatment. Secondary outcomes include pain intensity, depression symptom severity, sleep, self-efficacy, and global impression of change. The implications of COVID-19 on treatment provision and trial outcomes are also discussed.


MONDO:0100096


UMLS:C0086390

The Whole Health Options and Pain Education (wHOPE) study is a multisite pragmatic trial that aims to provide evidence for the Whole Health model of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for chronic pain care. The trial compares a Whole Health Team (WHT) approach, Primary Care Group Education (PC-GE), and Usual VA Primary Care (UPC) in managing chronic pain in veterans. The WHT approach involves a medical provider, a complementary and integrative health (CIH) provider, and a Whole Health coach who work together to create a Personalized Health Plan emphasizing CIH approaches to chronic pain management. The primary outcome is to test whether the WHT approach is superior to PC-GE and UPC in decreasing pain interference in functioning in veterans with moderate to severe chronic pain. Secondary outcomes include changes in pain severity, quality of life, mental health symptoms, and use of nonpharmacological and pharmacological therapies for pain.


UMLS:C3870363


UMLS:C0033137


UMLS:C0086390


UMLS:C5389790


UMLS:C0548611

The RESOLVE trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an active physical therapy (PT) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) implementation strategy in reducing pain, disability, medication use, and cost of low back pain (LBP) care within the US Departments of Defense (DOD) and Veterans Affairs (VA) health care systems. The trial will involve 3,300 to 7,260 patients with LBP across three DOD and two VA medical facilities. The study will use an education, audit, and feedback model to encourage physical therapists to better adhere to the PT CPG recommendations.


UMLS:C2362565


UMLS:C0003100


UMLS:C0043127

has high rates of opioid-related health crises

The study analyzed umbilical cord tissue drug analysis (UCTDA) data to determine the incidence of in utero drug exposure in West Virginia, an area with high rates of opioid-related health crises. The study found that 22% of UCTDA specimens were positive for drugs, with a decrease from 25% to 20% between two data sets. However, there was an increase in positivity for hydrocodone, oxycodone, amphetamines, and cocaine. Fentanyl and morphine positivity decreased, while buprenorphine detection increased. Most positive specimens had one drug present, but some had up to six discrete drugs.


UMLS:C5443947


UMLS:C0013162


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


UMLS:C0025353

The study aimed to identify the gaps in organizational capacity and readiness to provide medications for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) in outpatient public mental health clinics. The study found that these clinics face significant organizational and behavioral readiness constraints in providing medication treatment for AUD. These constraints include large caseloads, staffing configurations, time constraints, and a lack of protocols and workflow procedures. Some of these constraints can be addressed with straightforward solutions, while others require structural changes to the way care is delivered, and state-level funding and policy changes.


UMLS:C5420604


UMLS:C1301783


UMLS:C0772413

The study aimed to identify any differences in brain development and structure in fetuses exposed to opioids in utero, compared to those not exposed, using fetal MRI. The study found a significant difference in the anteroposterior diameter of the fetal cerebellar vermis in opioid-exposed fetuses. However, no significant differences were found in other brain dimensions, brain maturation, or major structural abnormalities. The study also found that smaller fetal anteroposterior cerebellar vermian dimension was associated with in utero opioid exposure.


UMLS:C0772413


UMLS:C0180849


NCBITaxon:1313297

The study found a new fatty acid, turneroic acid, and two previously known oxylipins in the culture broth of the shipworm endosymbiont Teredinibacter turnerae strain 991H.S.0a.06. These compounds were found to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis. Only one of the oxylipins showed antimicrobial activity against planktonic S. epidermidis. The study also highlighted the importance of the epoxide moiety for selective and potent biofilm inhibition.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:160403758


UMLS:C4704941


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288424


NCBIGene:420468

The study investigates the role of Protease Activated Receptor Type 3 (PAR3) in nociception, or the sensory nervous system's response to harmful stimuli. The researchers found that PAR3 is widely expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and developed a peptide agonist, C660, that selectively activates PAR3. In vivo, C660 induced mechanical hypersensitivity and facial grimacing in wild type mice but not in PAR3-/- mice. The study also found that the absence of PAR3 potentiated the nociceptive effects of PAR1 agonists, suggesting that PAR3 plays a complex role in the physiology and plasticity of nociceptors.


MESH:D008821


UMLS:C0033671

The study investigates the role of protein synthesis in noncoding regions of RNA in relation to pain-associated behavior. The researchers found evidence of widespread translation in noncoding transcripts and regulatory regions of mRNAs. They identified an increase in ribosome occupancy in the 5' untranslated regions of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP/Calca). They also confirmed the existence of an upstream open reading frame (uORF) and found that a peptide corresponding to the CGRP-encoded uORF resulted in pain-associated behavioral responses in mice and nociceptor sensitization in vitro. This effect was blocked by an inhibitor of heterotrimeric G protein signaling, suggesting that the uORF-encoded peptide promotes pain sensitization through GPCR signaling.


GO:0005840


UMLS:C0030935


MESH:D020962

Inhibitor of heterotrimeric G protein signaling


UMLS:C0030705

The study developed a model to predict persistent high-dose opioid use among patients aged 65 and above who underwent total knee replacement (TKR). The model used Medicare claims data from 2010-2014 and identified four distinct patterns of opioid use. The model was able to predict persistent high-dose opioid use with high accuracy. The study found that 10.6% of the patients became persistent high-dose opioid users after TKR. A reduced model with 10 clinical factors was also developed which performed equally well.


UMLS:C3161035


UMLS:C5432853


UMLS:C1550414

The paper discusses the formation of the Military Treatment Facility Engagement Committee (MTFEC) to support pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) in the Military Health System. The MTFEC was created to aid the Pain Management Collaboratory Coordinating Center (PMC3) in conducting high impact PCTs for chronic pain management in military service members, their dependents, and veterans. The MTFEC is composed of experts who provide expertise and leadership in the execution of research studies within the Department of Defense (DOD) health care system. The committee identifies potential barriers and challenges to study implementation and explores how the PMC can support and aid in the execution of PCTs.


UniProtKB:Q9WTW4-1


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284371

Pediatric Tonsillectomy and/or Adenoidectomy

The study examined the impact of the FDA's 2013 black box warning against codeine on its prescription and other opioids after pediatric tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. It was found that codeine prescription was lower among black children and children treated in metropolitan counties. The FDA warning led to a 24.0% drop in codeine prescription and a 5.5% increase in alternative opioid prescription. By the end of the study, geographic disparities in codeine prescribing remained, but racial disparities had disappeared.


CHEBI:35482


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284371


UMLS:C0547638

The study examined the impact of Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) policy reform on prescribing rates for human and veterinary providers in West Virginia from 2008 to 2020. The data showed that while the prescribing rates for human providers decreased, particularly after the implementation of the Opioid Reduction Act in 2018, the rates for veterinary providers significantly increased.


UMLS:C5200719


UMLS:C0030705

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UMLS:C0030705


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284569


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284603


NCBIGene:179216

The study investigates the relationship between brain signal variability and chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD). It was found that patients with TMD showed reduced blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal variability (BOLDSV) in certain areas of the brain compared to healthy controls. This reduction was associated with higher clinical pain and higher sensitivity of the masseter muscle pain. The study also found a correlation between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and lower BOLDSV in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and higher BOLDSV in the temporal pole. This suggests that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism might affect clinical symptoms in association with regional brain signal variability.


UMLS:C0030705

The study found that new persistent opioid use after major surgery in opioid-naive patients is associated with increased health care utilization and costs across all surgical settings and payers. The study used the IBM MarketScan Research databases to identify patients and found that patients with new persistent opioid use had more inpatient admissions, emergency department visits, and ambulance/paramedic service use than patients without persistent use. They also had approximately 5 times more opioid prescriptions and more nonopioid pharmacy claims. The predicted 1-year total health care costs were significantly higher for patients with new persistent opioid use compared to those without persistent use.


UMLS:C1533020

The study analyzed racial/ethnic differences in prescription opioid misuse and heroin use from 1999 to 2018. It found that prescription opioid misuse was significantly higher among non-Hispanic White individuals than among Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals across all time periods, but was highest among Native American individuals. The gap between White and both Hispanic and Asian individuals widened over time, while the gap between Black and White individuals decreased. Heroin use was initially highest among Black and Hispanic individuals, but by 2007-2010, it was highest among White individuals and continued to increase. The study suggests that opioid prevention and treatment initiatives should consider these changing demographics.


UMLS:C0886378


UMLS:C4715481


UMLS:C1960643

Opioid prevention and treatment initiatives


RXCUI:378762

The study conducted by West Virginia University's High-Risk Pain Clinic aimed to manage chronic pain in patients with a history of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) or aberrant drug-related behavior using sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone and a multimodal approach. The study, which spanned six years, showed a significant decrease in pain scores over time and an increase in buprenorphine dose. The overall retention rate of the clinic was 41%. The findings support the use of buprenorphine/naloxone as a safe and effective component of comprehensive chronic pain treatment in patients at high risk of opioid overuse or misuse.


MONDO:0024317


RXCUI:378762


UMLS:C0679637

The study used preoperative claims data to predict postoperative opioid refill and new persistent use in patients who had not previously used opioids. The study found that non-linear models were slightly better at predicting refills, but both linear and non-linear models were equally effective at predicting new persistent use. Factors such as undergoing major surgery, opioid prescriptions within 30 days prior to surgery, and abdominal pain were useful in predicting refills, while back/joint/head pain were important in predicting new persistent use.


UMLS:C0033082


HP:0002027


UMLS:C2108713


UMLS:C0011442

The paper discusses a randomized trial designed to reduce the prescription of opioid analgesics by dentists following dental extractions, and instead promote the use of effective non-opioid analgesics. The trial uses a 3-arm design to compare different strategies, including clinical decision support with and without patient education. The primary outcome is whether or not the patient received an opioid prescription on the day of the extraction. The study also examines recommendations for non-opioid analgesics, patients' perceptions of shared decision making, and patients' pain experiences following the extraction.


UMLS:C2047874


UMLS:C3204378


UMLS:C0454040


UMLS:C0030705

The study investigates the use of percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PPNS) for postoperative pain management. The technique involves the implantation of an electrical lead, followed by the delivery of electric current using an external pulse generator. The study found that patients who received active PPNS had significantly lower opioid consumption and reported lower pain scores compared to those who received sham treatment. This suggests that PPNS can effectively reduce pain and opioid requirements after surgery, without systemic side effects.


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C5673923

The study examined the rate and risk factors for new persistent opioid use after ophthalmic surgery in the United States. The study found that 3.4% of patients who had an initial perioperative opioid fill became persistent users, compared to 0.6% of patients who did not have an initial perioperative opioid fill. The study also found that an initial perioperative opioid fill was independently associated with increased odds of new persistent use. Furthermore, a prescription size of 150 morphine milligram equivalents or more was associated with an increased odds of refill. The study suggests that exposure to opioids is an independent risk factor for persistent use in patients undergoing incisional ophthalmic surgery.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826

Prescription size of 150 morphine milligram equivalents or more


UMLS:C0814549


MONDO:0024317

The pilot study tested the feasibility and acceptability of a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Pain Management intervention (SBIRT-PM) among veterans with chronic pain due to musculoskeletal disorders. The study involved telephone-based counseling sessions to educate and engage veterans in multimodal pain treatments. The majority of the participants had comorbid depression and problematic substance use. The study found that 80% of participants engaged in at least one session, with a mean of 3 sessions completed. The participants expressed satisfaction with the program, and preliminary results suggest that SBIRT-PM was well-received and has potential for the targeted outcomes.


UMLS:C0071300


UMLS:C0042610


UMLS:C0589212

The paper discusses the challenges and considerations in conducting pragmatic trials in integrated primary care settings. These trials test the effectiveness of interventions in real-world conditions and are ideal for studying the impact of implementation efforts. The authors share their experience from a multisite, pragmatic clinical trial evaluating the implementation and effectiveness of behavioral health consultants treating patients with chronic pain using a manualized intervention, brief cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (BCBT-CP). They highlight key decision points using the PRagmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS-2) tool and offer recommendations for future researchers.


UMLS:C4535969


UMLS:C0030705

Brief cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (BCBT-CP)


UMLS:C0589212

PRagmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS-2) tool


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:11658860

The study examined the safety of lorcaserin, a serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) agonist, when administered with cocaine in participants with cocaine use disorder. The study found that lorcaserin was safe to use and did not have significant interactions with cocaine on cardiovascular measures, plasma cocaine levels, or subjective ratings. However, it did not effectively reduce the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Interestingly, lorcaserin significantly decreased ratings of irritability, hunger, and craving. Participants treated with lorcaserin were more likely to choose cocaine over money.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:11658860


UMLS:C0332293


UMLS:C0008942

The study examined the prevalence of opioid use disorder and willingness to engage in treatment among clients of eight mental health outpatient clinics in Los Angeles County. It was found that 8% had a probable prescription opioid use disorder and 2% a probable heroin use disorder. Among those with probable opioid use disorders, a significant percentage had never received any treatment or medication for this disorder. The strongest predictor of willingness to take a medication was the belief that it would help stop opioid use. The findings highlight the need to identify people with opioid use disorder and to educate clients in mental health settings about medications for these disorders.


UMLS:C3647215


UMLS:C1524011

Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation

The study found that percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS or "neuromodulation") of the brachial plexus and sciatic nerve significantly reduced pain and opioid consumption in the first two weeks following ambulatory surgery. The treatment was effective for both brachial plexus leads (used for rotator cuff repair) and sciatic nerve leads (used for foot/ankle surgery), with no significant difference in treatment effects between the two locations.


UBERON:0001814


UMLS:C0751925


UMLS:C5200719

The paper discusses the overlooked impact of the opioid crisis on the ongoing suicide crisis among American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. The study uses data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to highlight the alarming trends of opioid use and suicidality among AIAN populations. The paper emphasizes the need for research to understand and address the intersection between opioid and suicide risk and protective factors to inform prevention and intervention efforts among AIAN populations.


UMLS:C4715678


UMLS:C3261247

American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities


UMLS:C0281207