UMLS:C4715481

The study compared the long-term criminal justice outcomes among opioid-dependent individuals who were randomized to receive either buprenorphine/naloxone or methadone. The study found no significant difference in the proportion of individuals arrested or incarcerated between the two treatment groups. However, continued treatment with either buprenorphine or methadone was associated with a reduction in arrests relative to no treatment. Factors such as cocaine use, injection drug use, Hispanic ethnicity, and younger age were associated with a higher likelihood of arrest.


UMLS:C4715481


UMLS:C0087178

The study aimed to understand the provision of behavioral health services to youth involved in the juvenile justice system by Community Supervision and Behavioral Health providers. The study found that youth referred from Community Supervision to Behavioral Health programs represent a more severe subgroup. There are established cross-system relationships for assessment and referral for substance use and mental health treatment, but less so for prevention services. Most Community Supervision programs refer youth to Behavioral Health providers for these services, which typically utilize more highly trained staff to provide evidence-based practices to a majority of the youth served. However, more intensive substance use and mental health treatment, aftercare, and recovery support services were limited in availability.


UMLS:C0009476


UMLS:C4280078


UMLS:C3509441


UMLS:C4046029


UMLS:C0037422

The study found that justice-involved youth report high rates of substance use. Community Supervision (CS) agencies, which are in a unique position to identify and intervene in substance use, vary in their screening practices based on geographic location. Rural CS agencies reported higher rates of substance use but were less likely to use substance-focused screeners. Urban CS agencies used a wider variety of screening instruments and were more likely to test for drug use. The study suggests that system-wide improvement requires strategies that acknowledge these geographic differences.


UMLS:C4280183

positioned to impact through identification and early intervention


UMLS:C0240919


UMLS:C0724128

more likely to test for during screening


UMLS:C0740406

The study evaluated the effectiveness of an educational video intervention in improving attitudes towards Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) among incarcerated individuals. The video featured experiences of incarcerated individuals using MOUD, aimed at reducing stigma. The study found significant improvements in knowledge and attitudes towards MOUD after viewing the video. The intervention was more effective in changing attitudes among non-Hispanic Black participants compared to non-Hispanic Whites. These findings can inform future MOUD educational programs to reduce opioid use disorder-related morbidity and mortality.


UMLS:C0281163

Incarcerated individuals' knowledge and attitudes towards MOUD


UMLS:C0281163

Non-Hispanic Black incarcerated individuals' attitudes towards MOUD

had greater improvement compared to Non-Hispanic Whites


UMLS:C3649263

The study assessed the awareness and interest in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among 39 incarcerated individuals enrolled in a Medication for Addiction Treatment (MAT) program in Rhode Island. The results showed that while awareness of PrEP was low, some participants showed interest in PrEP after being provided with an overview. The interest in PrEP was strongly related to the perceived risk of HIV. Potential barriers to PrEP uptake included side effects, adherence issues, and a general reluctance to take medications.


UMLS:C1276356


UMLS:C0511261


UMLS:C1411103

The study investigates the opioid prescribing patterns before fatal overdose in Illinois in 2016. It was found that among the 1,893 fatal opioid overdoses, 309 involved prescription opioids and 1,461 involved illicit opioids. The death rate due to illicit opioids was higher among black residents compared to whites. In the last year of life, 76% of prescription opioid decedents filled any opioid prescription, compared to 36% of illicit opioid decedents. The study concludes that prescribing patterns alone may not be sufficient to identify patients at high risk for opioid overdose, especially those using illicit opioids.


UMLS:C0259967


UMLS:C5392921


UMLS:C2713413

Patients at high risk for opioid overdose


UMLS:C0730227

The study aimed to estimate the impact of screening and treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) in US prisons and jails on post-release opioid-related mortality. The study used data from various sources to simulate a scenario where wide scale uptake of screening and treatment with medications for OUD occurred in US prisons and jails in 2016. The model predicted that if all persons who were clinically indicated had received medications for OUD while incarcerated, 1840 lives would have been saved nationally. If all persons who were clinically indicated had received medications for OUD while incarcerated and were retained in treatment post-release, approximately 4400 lives would have been saved nationally. These estimates correspond to 668 and 1609 lives saved per 10,000 persons incarcerated, respectively. The study concluded that prison and jail-based programs that comprehensively screen and provide treatment with medications for OUD have the potential to produce substantial reductions in opioid-related overdose deaths in a high-risk population.


UMLS:C0849163


UMLS:C0683695


UMLS:C4280078

The study investigates the availability of substance use prevention (SUP) services within juvenile justice and behavioral health providers across the nation. The study found that only one-third of community supervision and behavioral health providers offer SUP services, with behavioral health providers being significantly more likely to provide these services. The likelihood of SUP was significantly lower among agencies where the substance use distribution of the caseload was below the median. The study suggests that evidence-based prevention services should be expanded in justice settings, even when youth do not initially present with substance use service needs.


UMLS:C4280183


UMLS:C0946429


UMLS:C4324621

Medications for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD)

The study conducted a review of the literature on the implementation of medications for treatment of opioid use disorder (MOUD) within criminal justice settings. It identified 53 papers that discussed barriers or facilitators to this implementation. Four categories of barriers and facilitators were identified: institutional, programmatic, attitudinal, and systemic. Institutional barriers often led to programmatic practices where MOUD was not implemented according to clinical guidelines, leading to negative attitudes about MOUD among justice-involved individuals. Facilitators included increased knowledge from training interventions and positive prior experiences with MOUD among correctional and treatment staff. The study concluded that barriers to implementing MOUD in criminal justice settings are pervasive and inter-dependent, and more work is needed on facilitators of MOUD implementation.


UMLS:C0037422


UMLS:C5690778


UMLS:C0681676

The study used a microsimulation model to examine the impact of expanded access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in a prison and jail system on post-release opioid-related overdose mortality. The model predicted 2385 opioid-related overdose deaths between 2017 and 2024 under standard care. An intervention using extended-release (XR) naltrexone averted 103 deaths (4.3% reduction), and access to all three MOUD (methadone, buprenorphine, and XR-naltrexone) averted 139 deaths (5.8% reduction). Expanded access to MOUD in prison and jail settings can reduce overdose mortality in a general, at-risk population.


UMLS:C0949366

The study found that vulnerable populations within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), including women, older individuals, Black individuals, those living in rural areas, homeless individuals, and justice-involved individuals, were less likely to receive medications for opioid use disorder compared to their non-vulnerable counterparts. The study also found that veterans were more likely to receive these medications at facilities with a higher proportion of patients with opioid use disorder, but less likely at facilities in the Southern region compared to the Northeast region of the United States.


UMLS:C0042610


UMLS:C0679782

The study investigates the initiation of opioid use and transition to injection drug use in rural northern New England. The median age of first injection was found to be 22 years. Factors leading to drug injection initiation included normalization of drug use in families and communities, trauma, and abrupt discontinuation of an opioid prescription. Transition to injecting was influenced by lower cost, increased effect, greater availability of heroin/fentanyl, and faster relief of withdrawal symptoms. The study suggests that inadequate opioid tapering may increase transition to non-prescribed drug use and emphasizes the need for trauma-informed care in rural areas.


UMLS:C1411103


UMLS:C3714660


UMLS:C0401270


MONDO:0100096

accelerated the uptake and diffusion of treatment

The Franklin County Sheriff's Office (FCSO) in Massachusetts is one of the first jails in the U.S. to provide all three medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) to its inmates. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, FCSO quickly adapted its MOUD program and implemented comprehensive mitigation policies. The main challenges were the rapid release of nonviolent pretrial individuals, many of whom were being treated with MOUD, and the need to deliver physically distanced MOUD services in jail. FCSO implemented a hub-and-spoke MOUD model, developed telehealth capacity, and experimented with take-home MOUD at release. The experience shows how COVID-19 accelerated the use of technology-infused OUD treatment and other innovations in criminal justice settings. The paper suggests that jails and prisons need to develop capacity to implement mitigation strategies, including universal and rapid COVID-19 testing of staff and incarcerated individuals, and provide evidence-based addiction treatment.


UMLS:C0033168

need to develop capacity to implement mitigation strategies


UMLS:C0033168


UMLS:C5433203

The study is a randomized, controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of extended-release buprenorphine (XR-B) and extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) in individuals with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) who are about to be released from jail. The study will assign 240 adults to one of two treatment arms: XR-B or XR-NTX, both followed by 6 monthly injections post-release at a community treatment program. The primary aim is to determine the rate of adherence to the pharmacotherapy. This study is the first of its kind in the U.S. and has significant public health implications as most individuals with OUD do not receive treatment while incarcerated, increasing their likelihood of relapse, overdose death, and re-incarceration.


UMLS:C2874959


UMLS:C0282623

The Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN) aims to generate real-world evidence to address the needs of people with opioid use disorder (OUD) in justice settings. The JCOIN Health Economics Analytic Team (HEAT) is working to incorporate common economic measures across JCOIN studies to ensure rigorous economic evaluations, enhance comparability of findings, and allow for cross-study analyses. The paper discusses shared trial characteristics relevant to the economic evaluations and potential cross-study economic analyses.


UMLS:C5241252

JCOIN Health Economics Analytic Team (HEAT)


UMLS:C5241252


UMLS:C0740406

The study aims to improve the treatment and recovery of incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorders (OUD) upon their release from jail. The experiment will test an adapted version of the Recovery Management Checkups (RMC), which provides treatment linkage, support for retention, and re-linkage at quarterly checkups. The study will evaluate the direct and indirect effects of the RMC on treatment initiation, engagement, retention, re-linkage, public health outcomes, and public safety outcomes. The experiment will also assess the cost-effectiveness of the RMC model.


UMLS:C0508600

Treatment initiation, engagement, retention, re-linkage


UMLS:C0846758


UMLS:C0282623

The Massachusetts Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (MassJCOIN) is conducting a study on the effectiveness of a 2018 law (Chapter 208) that mandates the provision of all FDA-approved medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in five county jails in Massachusetts. The law requires that MOUD be continued for individuals receiving it prior to detention and be initiated prior to release among sentenced individuals where appropriate. The study aims to examine post-release MOUD initiation, engagement, and retention, as well as fatal and nonfatal opioid overdose and recidivism. It also aims to understand systemic and contextual factors that facilitate and impede delivery of MOUDs in jail and community care coordination, and to calculate the cost of implementing MOUD in jail.


UMLS:C1552857

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)


UMLS:C2603343

aims to examine post-release MOUD initiation, engagement, and retention, as well as fatal and nonfatal opioid overdose and recidivism


UMLS:C0242364

The study outlines a protocol for testing the efficacy of a new court model, the Opioid Intervention Court, in managing opioid addiction among court-involved adults in New York State. The model, which includes broader inclusion criteria, rapid screening, and linkage to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), will be implemented across 10 counties. The study will assess the impact of the model on implementation outcomes along the opioid cascade of care and its clinical and cost effectiveness in improving public health and safety outcomes.


UMLS:C0242364


UMLS:C5389789

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)


NCBITaxon:31643

The study aimed to stop the transmission of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) among networks of people who inject drugs. The researchers identified HCV RNA-positive specimens from 459 people in Wisconsin, USA, during 2016-2017. They used next-generation sequencing of HCV and analyzed it for phylogenetic linkage. The analysis showed that 126 people were linked across 42 clusters. The phylogenetic clustering was higher in rural communities and was associated with female sex and younger age among rural residents. The data suggests that HCV transmission could be reduced by expanding molecular-based surveillance strategies to rural communities affected by the opioid crisis.


NCIT:C162042


UMLS:C2936622


UMLS:C1519068


NCBITaxon:31643

transmission could be reduced by expanding molecular-based surveillance strategies


UMLS:C0025071

The study investigates the impact of expanded Medicaid eligibility and prerelease Medicaid enrollment assistance on Medicaid enrollment for recently incarcerated adults in Wisconsin. The data was collected from 2013 to 2015 and included 24,235 individuals. The study found that Medicaid enrollment in the month of release from state prison increased from 8% to 36% after the eligibility expansion and to 61% after the introduction of enrollment assistance. The results were similar for adults with a history of substance use. Black adults were 3.5 percentage points more likely to be enrolled in Medicaid in the month of release than White adults. The study concludes that Medicaid eligibility and prerelease enrollment assistance are associated with increased Medicaid enrollment upon release from prison.


UMLS:C0740406


UMLS:C2874959


UMLS:C0238598

have moderate levels of stigma and discrimination towards

The study investigates the attitudes of young adults towards opioid use disorder (OUD), focusing on social stigma, discrimination, and policy attitudes. The study found that young adults generally endorsed moderate levels of stigma and discrimination towards people with OUD and supported treatment-oriented policies. Negative attitudes towards OUD were more prevalent among older respondents and those with less personal experience or familiarity with OUD. The study suggests that adolescence may be a key period for interventions to reduce public stigma related to OUD and increase support for access to effective OUD treatments.


UMLS:C2237066


UMLS:C0683433

Less personal experience or familiarity with OUD


UMLS:C0001578

opportune developmental period to prevent or reduce


UMLS:C0870251

The study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Transitions Clinic Network (TCN) in improving opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment outcomes for individuals released from jail. The TCN provides OUD treatment and enhanced primary care, addressing social needs such as housing and food insecurity, along with medical needs. The study will involve six correctional systems and community health centers with TCN programs, and will randomize 800 individuals on Medications for OUD (MOUD) released from seven local jails. The study will compare the effectiveness of a TCN intervention versus referral to standard primary care, determine the social determinants of health mediating any observed associations, and study the cost effectiveness of the approach.


UMLS:C0849163


UMLS:C0870251


UMLS:C1096098


UMLS:C0814357

The paper reviews factors that influence opioid overdose prevention in individuals involved with the justice system. The study found that the acceptability of naloxone, a medication used to counteract opioid overdoses, is associated with injection drug use, overdose history, and perceived risk. Accessibility of naloxone is influenced by the relationship between corrections and community. There are few evaluations of overdose prevention interventions, but those that exist show increases in knowledge or reductions in opioid overdose. Overdose risk is highest immediately after release from prison or jail, often associated with drug-use severity, injection use, mental health disorders, and risks in the post-release environment.


UMLS:C0476640


UMLS:C5424598


UMLS:C0556006


UMLS:C4724447

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The study aims to determine if a local change team (LCT) intervention can improve the linkage to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and implementation outcomes. It also investigates if the outcomes are further enhanced by the use of peer support specialists (PSS). The study involves a pre-post design followed by a randomized trial of PSS. Participants include justice and service staff from 7 sites in three states and up to 680 individuals on probation with opioid use disorder (OUD). The study will use the exploration, preparation, implementation, sustainability (EPIS) framework to guide system-change. The outcomes include organizational engagement in MOUD, changes in staff knowledge/attitudes, and organizational outcomes. After implementation, adults on probation will be randomized to receive PSS vs. treatment as usual. The effectiveness outcomes include participant engagement in MOUD, probation revocation, illicit opioid use, and overdoses.


UMLS:C0679740


UMLS:C0425169

Peer support specialists (PSS) vs. treatment as usual


UMLS:C3661463


UMLS:C0370489

The study presents the protocol for the Reducing Opioid Mortality in Illinois (ROMI), a randomized trial of a case management, peer recovery coaching and overdose education and naloxone distribution (CM/PRC + OEND) critical time intervention (CTI) compared to OEND alone. The intervention, which will be implemented across urban and rural settings, aims to link individuals with a history of opioid use to substance use treatment and support services upon their release from jail or prison. The primary outcome is engagement in medication for opioid use disorder. Secondary outcomes include health insurance enrollment, mental health service engagement, and re-arrest/recidivism, parole violation, and/or reincarceration. The study will also evaluate the process and implementation outcomes of the intervention.


UMLS:C0370489


UMLS:C4048785

The study aims to determine the optimal combination and dosages for two different coaching strategies to disseminate Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) in justice-involved populations. The two strategies are the NIATx model for process improvement and Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model. The trial will be conducted with 48 jails and community-based treatment provider sites that handle justice-involved persons with opioid use disorder (OUD).


UMLS:C2146916

Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model


UMLS:C0680733


UMLS:C3242781

The study examines the rates of substance use screening, identification of treatment needs, and initiation of treatment among youths in the juvenile justice system. Data was collected from 33 community justice agencies in seven states. More than 70% of youths were screened for substance use problems, and over half needed treatment. However, only about one-fifth of those in need were referred to treatment, and of those referred, 67.5% initiated treatment. Less than 10% of youths with identified needs initiated services. The level of supervision was a strong predictor of treatment referral. The study suggests that local agencies should coordinate efforts to support interagency communication in the referral and cross-system linkage process.


UMLS:C3242781


UMLS:C0038842


NCBITaxon:467038

The EXIT-CJS study is a multisite open-label randomized controlled trial that aims to compare the effectiveness and retention of extended-release buprenorphine (XR-B) and extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) in treating opioid use disorder (OUD) among adults involved in the criminal justice system. The study hypothesizes that XR-B will be as effective as XR-NTX in terms of retention in medication treatment, self-reported opioid use, opioid-positive urine samples, opioid overdose events, and criminal justice system recidivism. The study will also include a group of OUD patients not eligible or interested in the trial, who will be recruited into an enhanced treatment as usual arm to examine usual care outcomes.


NCBITaxon:467038


UMLS:C5433203


UMLS:C0042610

The study aimed to identify strategies to increase the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among veterans involved in the legal system, who have a high risk of overdose mortality. Interviews were conducted with 18 veterans who had legal involvement related to their opioid use. The veterans suggested strategies such as providing transportation or telehealth services, increasing access to MOUD during incarceration, reducing physician turnover, improving physician and veteran education about MOUD, and providing social support opportunities. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) should consider incorporating these strategies to improve care and reduce overdose rates.


NCBIGene:172134


UMLS:C0299865

The study validates the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Quick version 3 (GAIN-Q3) screeners, a tool used for screening multiple co-occurring substance use, mental health, and associated problems. Despite being shorter than their full-length versions, the GAIN-Q3 screeners have shown good to excellent reliability in terms of internal consistency. They also show strong evidence for convergent and discriminant validity and efficiency. The GAIN-Q3 screeners can accurately identify cases with high sensitivity and specificity, supporting their capacity to triage.


UMLS:C0299865


UMLS:C0001588

Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Quick version 3 (GAIN-Q3)


UMLS:C2874959


UMLS:C0335389

The study investigates the provision of medications for opioid use disorders (OUD) in U.S. state prisons, particularly in states heavily impacted by opioid overdose. Interviews were conducted with representatives from 21 out of 23 targeted states, representing 583 prisons. The study found that medications for OUD (MOUD) were available in at least one prison in approximately 90% of the state prison systems. However, the provision of these medications was limited to subsets of prisons within these systems. The most frequently cited barrier to providing all medications was funding.


UMLS:C5389789

Medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD)


UMLS:C0243098

Medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD)


UMLS:C0032666

The study aimed to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and stigma towards opioid use disorder (OUD) in the general adult population in the U.S. The survey found that the population moderately endorses stigmatizing behaviors, agrees that OUD is a medical condition, supports policies to increase access to OUD treatment, and is less likely to view OUD as a crime. The disregard for OUD as a medical condition was associated with higher levels of stigma, viewing OUD as a crime, and disagreement with policies to help people access OUD treatment. The findings provide guidance to policymakers on public education efforts to reduce stigma and increase support for public health interventions for OUD.


UMLS:C0032666


UMLS:C4715481


UMLS:C0038122

The study conducted a national survey of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) staff to identify barriers and facilitators to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among legal-involved veterans. The results showed that there is a need for education in all areas of MOUD for VHA staff, community partners, criminal justice partners, and legal-involved veterans. Barriers to MOUD for legal-involved veterans include stigma and complicated guidelines around MOUD and opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment. Facilities with low rates of MOUD use highlighted barriers including MOUD conflicting with the philosophy of the local VHA facility and provider stigma toward patients with OUD. The study suggests a need for an educational intervention emphasizing the evidence supporting use of MOUD.


UMLS:C5441491

Substance use disorder treatment providers


UMLS:C0454838

The study investigates the participation of U.S. counties in initiatives aimed at improving behavioral health care for justice-involved clients. It was found that only a quarter of counties participate in these initiatives. The study found no association between crime and socioeconomic characteristics and participation. However, counties that participated had significantly better mental health and substance use care delivery systems. The study suggests that non-participating counties may lack the necessary expertise and basic delivery system prerequisites for participation, which may further increase geographic disparities.


UMLS:C0454838

Mental health and substance use care delivery systems


UMLS:C0454838


UMLS:C5451804

The study reveals that incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorder have preferences for certain types of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD). These preferences are influenced by factors such as medication side effects, administration method, community delivery, and stigma. The study suggests that MOUD programs in both community and correctional settings should adopt a patient-centered approach, offering all FDA-approved MOUD treatment options.


UMLS:C5451804


UMLS:C0870666


UMLS:C4511513

The paper reviews 14 studies that evaluate interventions for individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) upon their release from jail. The interventions aim to link these individuals to community-based SUD treatment and other services. The review found evidence supporting the effectiveness of various interventions, including case management, peer or patient navigation, medical management for medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) induction, and motivational-based linkage interventions. However, there was limited support for the interventions' effects on long-term outcomes such as treatment retention, medication adherence, recidivism, and substance use.


UMLS:C0841855


UMLS:C0740406

The study investigates the impact of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder in incarcerated populations. The results show that individuals who were offered buprenorphine during their incarceration had a lower risk of recidivism after their release from jail. The study supports the growing trend of offering buprenorphine and other similar medications for opioid use disorder in jails.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study aimed to understand the perceptions of staff regarding the diversion of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment in jails. The study found that contrary to staff expectations, the diversion of buprenorphine, a MOUD, was infrequent. The MOUD program changed staff views of buprenorphine as a legitimate treatment rather than illicit contraband. The program was also perceived to have disrupted the illicit buprenorphine market in jail and reduced related coercion. Proactive strategies were essential to prevent and respond to buprenorphine diversion. With appropriate protocols, buprenorphine diversion within correctional programs designed to provide MOUD treatment is perceived to be uncommon and preventable.


UMLS:C0679775


UMLS:C0033199


UMLS:C5671324

The study found that political affiliation, racial attitudes, and opioid stigma significantly influence public support for public health responses to opioid use disorders (OUD). Respondents with unfavorable attitudes towards Black Americans and those affiliated with the Republican party were less likely to support expanding Medicaid funding, increasing government spending to provide services for people living with OUD, and distributing naloxone for overdose prevention. Democratic Party affiliation was associated with greater support for all these measures, and increased support for mandatory treatment. Black respondents were also less likely to support these measures. The findings suggest that culturally-competent dialogue within politically conservative and Black communities may be important to engage public support for evidence-informed treatment and prevention.


UMLS:C0870401


UMLS:C5671324


UMLS:C0282122

less likely to support increasing government spending to provide


UMLS:C0814715

The study investigates the implementation of medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) in seven Massachusetts' jails following a state legislative mandate. The mandate required access to all FDA-approved MOUD and connection to treatment upon release for incarcerated individuals. The study found that the legislative mandate drove acceptance of MOUD and assisted with continuity of care. However, challenges were faced in terms of administration of medications, staff perceptions and training, and changes to infrastructure and routines. The study concludes that implementation of MOUD in jails requires collaboration with external agencies and flexibility from institutional systems.


UMLS:C0814715


UMLS:C4041433


UMLS:C4061587

The study examined the association of community vulnerability to disasters and pandemics with geographic access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). It found that communities with greater vulnerability did not have greater geographic access to MOUD, and the mismatch between vulnerability and medication access was greatest in suburban communities. Rural communities had poor geographic access regardless of vulnerability status. The study suggests that future disaster preparedness planning should match the location of services to communities with greater vulnerability to prevent inequities in overdose deaths.


UMLS:C5691420

Mismatch between vulnerability and medication access


UMLS:C0086944


UMLS:C0812193


NCBIGene:47173

The study analyzed online personal ads to understand sexual health risks and behaviors. A total of 12,866 unique ads were collected, with the majority posted by men and originating from the southern US and urban areas. Few ads contained images or words associated with substance use, while 26% mentioned concerns about substance use or sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/HIV. Ads from the South were less likely to mention substance use or STI/HIV concerns than those from the Midwest. Women were less likely than men to post about substance use or mention substance use or STI/HIV concerns.


UMLS:C1519428


FB:FBgn0004719

potential to highlight elevated prevalence of sexual risk behaviours


UMLS:C2193435

The study examined the use and impact of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) on treatment completion and retention among criminal justice referred (CJR) admissions to residential treatment. The study found that CJR admissions were less likely to have MOUD than non-CJR admissions and were more likely to complete and be retained in treatment. In short-term settings, MOUD was associated with a higher likelihood of treatment completion and retention. In long-term settings, MOUD was associated with a higher likelihood of treatment retention but a lower likelihood of treatment completion. The study concluded that MOUD is greatly under-utilized for CJR patients and there is a need to increase access to MOUD for these patients.


UMLS:C2193435


UMLS:C0282122

The study found that stigma towards people with opioid use disorder (OUD) is associated with both personal experiences and environmental measures. More resources for medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are related to weaker stigma. Respondents had a stronger stigma towards people experiencing current OUD (versus past OUD), and they were more concerned about OUD if the person would marry into their family (versus being their coworkers). Respondents' age, sex, education, and personal experience with OUD were also associated with their stigma, and the association can vary depending on the specific type of stigma.


UMLS:C0814181

The study found that women who use drugs (WWUD) in rural areas have low rates of contraceptive use, with only 36.8% to 38.6% reporting use, compared to 66% of other rural women. Among WWUD, those who had received substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in the past 30 days were more likely to use contraceptives. The study suggests that improvements are needed in expanding reproductive and preventive health within SUD treatment and primary care services in rural communities.


UMLS:C0087178

The study tested implementation activities with community supervision (CS) and behavioral health (BH) agencies to improve the referral of justice-involved youth to substance use treatment. The trial involved 18 matched pairs of sites in 36 counties in seven states. The results showed that the intervention significantly increased referral, but the condition did not significantly predict referral across all time periods. Youth who tested drug positive, had an alcohol/other drug-related or felony charge, were placed in secure detention or assigned more intensive supervision, or who were White were more likely to be referred. The percentage of youth referred to treatment increased compared with baseline overall, and enhanced sites showed larger increases in referrals over time. However, variations in effects suggest that site-level differences were important.


UMLS:C0038842


UMLS:C0018918


UMLS:C0037422

The study developed a model called the Justice-Community Circulation Model (JCCM) to investigate the dynamics of opioid use disorder (OUD) in individuals involved in the criminal justice system after their release from jail. The model uses data from multiple Chicago-area studies and is calibrated using a high-performance computing workflow. The calibrated model was used to investigate the effects of a naloxone intervention for a mass jail release. The results showed that a targeted intervention focusing on recently released jail inmates can help reduce the risk of death from opioid overdose.


UMLS:C0528217

Justice-Community Circulation Model (JCCM)


WormBase:WBGene00006305

The study investigates the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with substance use disorders (SUD), particularly opioid use disorder (OUD), who are involved in the criminal justice system. The research was conducted in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky, and data was collected from justice system personnel and community-level SUD/OUD providers. The findings reveal that despite the rapid adaptations made by the justice and treatment systems during the pandemic, more work is needed to better support individuals with OUD who are involved in the justice system. The study also highlights the use of telehealth and telejustice during the pandemic.


UMLS:C0037422


UMLS:C4715999


UMLS:C4046006


UMLS:C5433203

The study investigates the use of extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP), a long-acting injectable medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), in correctional settings. The study included 54 individuals who received XR-BUP while incarcerated. The results showed no evidence of tampering with the injection site, indicating no attempts to misuse the medication. However, 61% reported at least one adverse effect. Upon release, 61% of those treated with XR-BUP continued MOUD treatment, with 30% continuing with XR-BUP. The study concludes that XR-BUP is feasible and acceptable in correctional settings, addressing concerns of misuse that obstruct MOUD treatment.


UMLS:C0740406


UMLS:C4715481


UMLS:C0425147

The study aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to the continuity of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) treatment for people released from jail. Interviews were conducted with 36 staff members from MOUD programs that serve jail-referred patients. Findings revealed that jail staff needed to adjust their views on MOUD treatment, especially agonist medications, which were previously seen as contraband. Inter-agency communication and coordination, pre-release planning, medication provision to cover gaps between jail release and intake at community MOUD sites, and exchange of treatment information across agencies were seen as crucial for successful treatment continuity. Unexpected early releases and releases from court were seen as barriers to treatment coordination. Social determinants of health, such as shelter, food security, employment, transportation, and insurance reactivation, were also significant barriers to treatment continuity.


UMLS:C1508776


UMLS:C2080737

Inter-agency communication and coordination


UMLS:C0282424

Unexpected early releases and releases from court


UMLS:C3658315


UMLS:C1290899

The study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale (SASSS) among Latinos with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). The SASSS instrument was translated and culturally adapted for this group. The study found that the SASSS has a strong four-factor structure and good convergent validity, showing significant correlations with HIV felt stigma, internalized shame, stigma-related interpersonal rejection due to substance abuse, symptoms of depression, substance use within the last 30 days, psychological flexibility, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. The study concludes that the SASSS is applicable to Latinos with SUDs from community and criminal justice settings.


UMLS:C1290899


UMLS:C0024874

The study explores the perspectives of jail staff in Massachusetts on the coordination of post-release care for individuals with opioid use disorder. Massachusetts is the first state to mandate all county jails to deliver all FDA approved medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). The study found that reentry planning, staff knowledge about MOUD availability in community settings, internal collaborations, interagency communication, use of bridge scripts, and use of navigators were important factors in coordinating post-release care. Partnerships with community providers and timely reinstatement of health insurance coverage were also critical. The study suggests that training for staff in reentry planning, resources to enhance internal collaborations, and efforts to reduce systemic barriers related to timing of release and reinstatement of health insurance are needed to optimize post-release care.


UMLS:C0021715


UMLS:C4280098

partnerships critical for coordination of


UMLS:C2029812


UMLS:C0032804

The study describes a program that provides peer navigation services to women with opioid use disorder (OUD) who are about to be released from jail. The program connects these women to a peer navigator via videoconference, who then provides an initial reentry recovery assessment and 12+ weeks of recovery support sessions post-release. The study found that more than half of the women chose OUD treatment as their primary goal, while others selected basic needs like housing and transportation. The study also found that the transition to the community was unpredictable, especially for rural women, and that there was stigma against medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). However, the peer navigators believed their role was valuable in providing resource referrals, support, and hope for recovery.


UMLS:C1145171


UMLS:C0032804


UMLS:C0701796


UMLS:C0038586

lack of comprehensive research on effectiveness in

The paper discusses the lack of comprehensive research on the effectiveness of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in criminal justice (CJ) settings. The authors highlight the need for longitudinal studies to understand treatment outcomes during and after incarceration, taking into account individual characteristics and institutional factors. They also emphasize the importance of reproducibility in CJ research and the need for more studies across different correctional facilities. The authors suggest that the lack of prioritization for funding such studies has hindered the ability to make firm conclusions or recommendations.


UMLS:C0695687

need for longitudinal studies during and after


UMLS:C1514863

importance in CJ research across different


UMLS:C1318309

The study investigates the effectiveness of two implementation strategies, Core and Core+Enhanced, in improving substance use treatment initiation, engagement, and continuing care among justice-involved youth. The study found that both strategies were effective in increasing service receipt over time, but there were no significant differences between the two. However, the time to service initiation was shorter among Core+Enhanced sites, and deeper penetration occurred when external facilitation was provided. The study also found that strategies provided during the formative exploration and preparation phases produced some improvement in service receipt.


UMLS:C5200846


UMLS:C0150267


UMLS:C0454040


UMLS:C1822500

The study assessed the availability of best practices for opioid use disorders (OUD) in U.S. jails located in counties heavily impacted by opioid overdose. Ten best practices were identified, including screening for OUD, clinical assessment, medically managed withdrawal, medications for OUD (MOUD) administration, counseling and wrap-around services, collaboration with community providers, assistance with Medicaid/insurance, re-entry services, and overdose prevention. Over 70% of jails indicated that some aspects of each of the ten best practices were available, but there was considerable variability in the extent of their implementation. The highest needs reported by jails were funding for medication and clinical staff. The study suggests that policies, training, technical assistance, and funding are needed to improve the clinical capacity of jails to administer MOUD and ensure continuity of care from jail to community.


UMLS:C1822500


UMLS:C5545326

The study evaluated the impact of technology access on substance use disorder (SUD) treatment among drug users in rural areas of the United States. The study found that 35% of the participants did not have a cell phone and 10% had not used the internet in the past 30 days. Participants who had both a cell phone and internet access had increased days of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) use and a higher likelihood of SUD counseling in the past 30 days. Lack of a cell phone was associated with decreased days of MOUD and a lower likelihood of prior 30-day SUD counseling. The study suggests that expanding SUD treatment engagement in rural areas via telemedicine may require increased cell phone and mobile network access.


UMLS:C5545326


UMLS:C4505320

Substance use disorder (SUD) treatment engagement


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study explores the reasons for non-adherence to buprenorphine, a medication used to reduce opioid craving and illicit opioid use, and the acceptability of video directly observed therapy (VDOT) to enhance adherence. The reasons for non-adherence include social and structural factors, the desire to use illicit drugs, and forgetfulness. VDOT was seen as a potential tool to enhance patient accountability and trust from providers, but there were concerns about it placing undue burden on patients and eroding patient-provider trust.


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C0872145


UMLS:C3897187

The study investigates the influence of participant characteristics on the efficacy of a video-based intervention aimed at increasing HIV testing among Emergency Department (ED) patients who initially declined tests. The study found that demographic concordance did not significantly increase the likelihood of accepting an HIV test. However, participants who reported problem substance use were significantly more likely to test for HIV compared to those who reported no problem substance use or no substance use at all.


UMLS:C3649263


UMLS:C0030705

The study tested the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile health application for video directly observed therapy (video-DOT) of buprenorphine among patients with opioid use disorders. The patients were asked to record videos of themselves taking the medication. The results showed that 93% of the participants were able to successfully use the application, with daily videos being submitted 72% of the time. Most participants reported satisfaction with the application, citing its accountability, structure, and ease of use. Some negative feedback included discomfort at viewing oneself during recording and the time required. The study concluded that the use of a mobile health application for video-DOT of buprenorphine appears feasible and acceptable in an office-based setting.


UMLS:C5577172

used for Video Directly Observed Therapy


UMLS:C3689915

The study aims to develop a secure, AI-enabled mobile treatment delivery method, the "Marigold App", to provide peer support for patients with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). The app will be piloted by forty adults undergoing outpatient buprenorphine treatment for OUD for six weeks. The app will provide a 24/7 chat support group, with AI tools to understand emotional sentiment in messages and flag critical or clinically relevant content. The study will evaluate the effectiveness of these AI tools and the adoptability of the platform among OUD patients.


UMLS:C5771753


UMLS:C3689915


UMLS:C2874959


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The paper describes a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) called the Trial of Adherence Application for Buprenorphine treatment (TAAB) study. The study aims to evaluate the effects of video directly observed therapy (DOT) delivered via a smartphone app on office-based buprenorphine treatment outcomes for opioid use disorder (OUD) patients. The primary outcome is the percentage of weekly urines that are negative for opioids over 12 weeks. The secondary outcome is engagement in treatment at week 12. The study suggests that video DOT delivered through a mobile health technology platform could improve patients' buprenorphine adherence by providing additional structure and accountability.


UMLS:C3878592

Mobile health (mHealth) technology platform


UMLS:C4019433

Unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM)

The study presents a novel treatment for opioid cravings using unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) on the hemisphere with a more positive emotional valence. The treatment was tested on 22 patients with significant opioid cravings and a history of opioid use disorders (OUDs). The treatment showed a significant decrease in opioid cravings, depression, and anxiety. The treatment was found to be safe with only one patient reporting minor side effects.


UMLS:C4019433


UMLS:C0841622

The paper discusses the challenges faced in treating substance use disorder (SUD) during the COVID-19 pandemic due to factors such as stress, isolation, and limited access to healthcare. It highlights the role of digital health interventions like telehealth, wearables, mobile applications, and remote monitoring devices in overcoming these challenges. These tools can convert in-person care to remote-based care and address pandemic-specific issues.


UMLS:C0841622


MONDO:0100096


UMLS:C0206077

Unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (UtPBM)

The paper discusses the use of unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (UtPBM), a novel, painless therapy, as an adjunct to psychotherapies and medications for treating Opioid Use Disorders (OUD). The author presents a retrospective overview and 4 case reports from his practice where he treated 42 patients with OUD using UtPBM over 18 months. The results showed that 62% of the patients had strikingly beneficial responses, 19% had helpful but not remarkable responses, and 19% had no noticeable response. The treatment was found to be safe with no side-effects reported or observed except for 2 women who experienced anxiety which was resolved with psychotherapy.


UMLS:C0030705

Unilateral transcranial photobiomodulation (UtPBM)


UMLS:C0206077


UMLS:C3873745

The paper reviews the use of wearable and wireless mobile health (mHealth) technologies in treating substance use disorders. The most commonly used technology is wearable sensors, which can help reduce heavy substance use, prevent relapse, and monitor for overdose. These new technologies offer advantages over traditional therapies by being more accessible and providing continuous feedback and monitoring while being relatively non-invasive. As these technologies continue to develop and prove effective, they should be integrated into comprehensive treatment plans.


UMLS:C3873745


UMLS:C0587274

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital tool, Realize Analyze Engage (RAE), in supporting recovery from substance use disorders (SUD). The tool focuses on real-time detection of high-risk events such as stress and drug craving, and provides timely supportive interventions. The study will be conducted in two phases: an observational trial to assess the accuracy and usability of RAE, and a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of RAE on patient outcomes such as relapse rates, treatment retention, and quality of life.


UMLS:C0587274


UMLS:C0179601

Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS)

The study investigates the use of Transcutaneous Auricular Neurostimulation (tAN) as an adjuvant treatment for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). tAN is a non-invasive form of electrostimulation delivered via an earpiece electrode. The study found that tAN was well-tolerated in infants suffering from NOWS and receiving oral morphine treatment. The use of tAN resulted in a reduction in the length of treatment with oral morphine compared to the national average.


UMLS:C0728061


UMLS:C0557792


UMLS:C0600364

The paper reviews the use of wearable biosensors in the treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). These devices, which can be worn on the wrist, ankle, or as tattoos/skin patches, monitor physiological indicators of alcohol intoxication, such as changes in gait and sweat. They provide continuous, passive readings, making them more convenient than traditional methods like breathalyzers or blood draws. Initially developed for court-ordered sobriety monitoring, these devices are now used in clinical trials for behavioral treatment modalities. Recent research has also explored their use in physical activity trackers and physiological arousal sensors for relapse prevention. While they have shown potential in reducing alcohol consumption and monitoring abstinence, their full potential in AUD treatment is yet to be explored.


UMLS:C0600364


UMLS:C3856556


UMLS:C0183211


UMLS:C0872145

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UMLS:C0430801


UMLS:C0871740

The study proposes a new approach for detecting patient pain through facial expressions using facial muscle-based action units (AUs) defined by the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). The approach involves two tasks: one at the individual video-frame level and the other at the video-sequence level. Two novel data structures are proposed to encode AU combinations from single AU scores. Two weakly supervised learning frameworks, multiple instance learning (MIL) and multiple clustered instance learning (MCIL), are used to learn pain from video sequences. The system showed an 87% pain recognition accuracy with 0.94 AUC on the UNBC-McMaster Shoulder Pain Expression dataset. The system's potential value for pain monitoring in clinical settings was demonstrated in tests on long videos in a lung cancer patient video dataset.


UMLS:C0598442


UMLS:C0150267

Multiple instance learning (MIL) and Multiple clustered instance learning (MCIL)


UMLS:C2076630


UMLS:C0029944

The study discusses the increased burden on hospital emergency departments due to a significant rise in opioid-related drug overdoses during the COVID-19 pandemic. To bridge the gap between opioid overdoses and treatment, a smartphone-smart debit card contingency management program was developed. This program promotes entry into medication-assisted treatment for opioid users who have recently received care in a hospital emergency department. The study highlights a successful implementation of this intervention despite disruptions related to COVID-19. The technology-based contingency management may provide improved scalability, rigorous outcomes metrics, and lower costs than prior onsite, manual contingency management approaches. The study suggests that the convergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the opioid epidemic may overcome historical obstacles to the adoption of contingency management.


UMLS:C3538074

Smartphone-smart debit card contingency management program


UMLS:C5704658

overcome historical obstacles to the adoption of


MESH:C571901

The study investigates the effects of RAP-103, a multi-chemokine receptor antagonist (CRA), on opioid-induced adverse effects in male rats. The findings suggest that RAP-103 reduces the severity of withdrawal responses from chronic morphine exposure, decreases heroin acquisition and reinforcing efficacy, and normalizes respiratory depression caused by morphine. Additionally, RAP-103 normalizes the dysregulation of chemokine receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) during opioid abstinence.


MESH:C571901


UMLS:C0752118

The research paper discusses the role of T-type calcium channels, specifically the CaV3.2 isoform, in pain processing. These channels are found in nonpeptidergic and peptidergic nociceptive neurons and their expression or activity increases in certain pain models. While attempts to develop direct channel blockers have not been successful, the paper suggests that targeting proteins that regulate the trafficking or transcription of these channels could be a promising alternative for pain treatment.


UMLS:C1721429


UMLS:C0033684


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:12346245

The study focuses on the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole molecules as potential inhibitors of T-type calcium channels. These channels are implicated in conditions such as neuropathic pain, epilepsy, insomnia, and tremor disorder, which may be caused by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The synthesized compound, 5-Chloro-N-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (11), was found to selectively inhibit T-type Ca2+ channels over Na+ and K+ channels in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells. It also suppressed seizure-induced death in a mouse model. This suggests that compound 11 could be a potential therapeutic for chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pains.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3453348


MESH:C571901

The research paper investigates the effect of the multi-chemokine receptor antagonist RAP-103 on pain behaviors in rats. The study found that RAP-103 alone had no effect on post-surgery pain. However, when combined with morphine, it reduced the effective dose of morphine needed for pain relief. In a model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), RAP-103 reversed established hypersensitivity in rats, which returned after treatment cessation. The study also found that RAP-103 reduced the expression of certain cytokines and chemokines in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats.


UMLS:C1257975

The study demonstrates a new method to generate hyaline cartilage from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a low risk of ossification. The method involves a 14-day culture of MSC-laden hyaluronic acid hydrogel with transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), followed by a 7-day culture in TGFβ-free medium, supplemented with Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939. This method resulted in significantly reduced hypertrophy phenotype. When tested in mice, the optimized method showed no signs of mineralization and maintained cartilaginous histology, unlike the control group.


UMLS:C0040691


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:135418940


UMLS:C4744402


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The paper discusses a 2-day symposium held at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to address the opioid crisis and the future of addiction and pain therapeutics. The symposium was supported by the NIH Helping to End Addiction Long-TermSM (HEAL) Initiative and aimed to increase collaboration between addiction and pain research disciplines. The symposium focused on the development of effective nonaddictive pain medications, interventions for opioid overdose, and addiction treatments. The discussions and findings from the symposium will be considered by the HEAL Initiative. The paper emphasizes the importance of understanding the etiology of acute and chronic pain, discovering novel targets and regulatable pain circuits, and identifying relevant biomarkers for testing in clinical trials. The application of improved technologies is also highlighted as a means to increase the delivery of testable hypotheses and therapeutics.


UMLS:C0508321


UMLS:C0582778

Novel targets and regulatable pain circuits


UMLS:C1516832


GO:1990791

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons

The study presents a method to assess the quality of assays in the context of extracellular recordings from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons cultured on multi-well microelectrode arrays. The researchers used a robust version of the Z'-factor, a measure of assay quality, which was based on the median and median absolute deviation. The use of these metrics revealed a Z'-factor value of 0.61, indicating an "excellent assay". The approach demonstrated a large signal dynamic range and reduced sensitivity to data variation compared to the standard Z'-factor used in high throughput screening (HTS). The method was successful in identifying known antagonists of nociceptor-specific voltage-gated sodium ion channels under both spontaneous and thermally stimulated conditions.


UniProtKB:A1ZPP6


UMLS:C3494197

Nociceptor-specific voltage-gated sodium ion channels


UMLS:C0258967

The study demonstrates that the addition of nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), two inflammatory mediators associated with chronic inflammatory pain, to adult Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons increases their firing rates. This is observed using multi-electrode arrays in vitro. The proteins Nav1.7 and Nav1.8, which are voltage-gated sodium channels, are detected in these cultured neurons and contribute to this evoked activity. Blocking both Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 has a significant impact on thermally evoked firing after treatment with IL-6 and NGF.


UMLS:C3494341


UMLS:C0412773


MESH:D000086402

The paper discusses the impact of COVID-19 on individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). The authors suggest that the conditions of COVID-19 and OUD could lead to exacerbated complications due to similar effects such as compromised neuroimmunity, hypoxia, and respiratory depression. The paper proposes the use of iPSC-derived brain organoid models as a potential platform to study these complications, given the limited human in vivo options.


MONDO:0100096


UMLS:C0026336


UMLS:C5690791

Peripheral and dorsal spinal cord nerve cells

The study demonstrates that a novel bioengineered microphysiological system, which cocultures peripheral and dorsal spinal cord nerve cells, allows for the emergence of native nerve tissue macrostructure and synaptic function. This system can be modulated by different analgesics such as morphine, lidocaine, and clonidine in a predictable manner. This model could be used to efficiently screen drug candidates for their analgesic potential.


UMLS:C5690791


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826


UMLS:C3843615

hMSCs-laden GO/GelMA and SiGO/GelMA samples

resulted in larger volumes than GelMA control group

The study demonstrates that incorporating graphene oxide (GO)-based nanosheets into methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)-based scaffolds enhances the osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The nanosheets increase the production, retention, and biological activity of endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), leading to robust osteogenesis without the need for exogenous osteoinductive growth factors. The osteoinductive effect of the nanosheets is abolished when the BMP signaling pathway is inhibited. In vivo tests showed that hMSCs-laden GO/GelMA and silica-coated graphene oxide (SiGO)/GelMA samples resulted in significantly larger bone volumes than the GelMA control group.


UMLS:C0814023

The study investigates the voltage-gated calcium channels in human and rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. The high voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents in both species share basic biophysical and pharmacological properties. However, there are significant differences in the HVA currents in human neurons compared to those in rats, including smaller Ca2+ current density, a greater proportion of nifedipine-sensitive currents, and a subpopulation of human neurons displaying large constitutive current inhibition. These findings emphasize the need for studying native proteins in their native environment before initiating clinical trials.


UniProtKB:A0A504XA82

High voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents


UBERON:0000044


UMLS:C4722089

The paper discusses the challenges in developing effective, non-addictive analgesics for treating pain. It suggests that traditional target-based drug discovery methods, which focus on single targets, have not been successful due to their poor clinical efficacy. The paper proposes the use of stem cell-derived neuronal-based screening approaches for identifying potential analgesic targets and compounds to treat various forms of acute and chronic pain.


UMLS:C4489414

Traditional target-based drug discovery methods


UMLS:C1562969

Stem cell-derived neuronal-based screening approaches


UMLS:C0004112

The study investigates the role of sensory neurons derived from human stem cells in pain perception. The researchers used high-throughput sequencing to analyze five groups: human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) before differentiation, mature hiPSC-derived sensory neurons, mature co-cultures of hiPSC-derived astrocytes and sensory neurons, mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues, and mouse DRG cultures. The study found that co-culture of nociceptors and astrocytes promotes the expression of transcripts enriched in DRG tissues. The study also validated the expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in DRG tissues and hiPSC samples. The researchers found that inhibition of hypusine biosynthesis prevented hyperalgesic priming by inflammatory mediators in vivo and diminished hiPSC activity in vitro. The study suggests that hypusine could be a potential target for inflammation-associated pain in males.


UniProtKB:A0A7J7IVK1


GO:0008612


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:65396


UniProtKB:A0A212CHQ1

The research identifies STK25 as a kinase of the type Iα regulatory subunit PRKAR1A in human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). The phosphorylation of PRKAR1A by STK25 inhibits PKA kinase activity and increases binding to the catalytic subunit in the presence of cAMP. In mice, the absence of Stk25 reduces Prkar1a phosphorylation, increases Pka activity, and enhances the contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. This suggests that STK25 negatively regulates PKA signaling through the phosphorylation of PRKAR1A.


GO:0042327


UMLS:C0599772


UMLS:C0599772

Contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation


UMLS:C3658284

opioid use disorder and psychiatric disorders

The Whole Health Study is a clinical trial that aims to test the effectiveness of collaborative care in treating patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and co-occurring psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, or PTSD. The study will involve approximately 1200 primary care patients aged 18 years and above. The patients will be randomized into three groups: Augmented Usual Care, Collaborative Care, and Collaborative Care Plus. The primary outcomes to be measured are the six-month rates of opioid use and remission of co-occurring psychiatric disorders. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the best care delivery methods during the current opioid crisis.


UMLS:C0033137


UMLS:C0419569


UMLS:C3658284

six-month rates of opioid use and remission of co-occurring psychiatric disorders


UMLS:C0769046

The study titled "Design of CLARO (Collaboration Leading to Addiction Treatment and Recovery from other Stresses): A randomized trial of collaborative care for opioid use disorder and co-occurring depression and/or posttraumatic stress disorder" is a multi-site, randomized pragmatic trial of collaborative care (CC) for co-occurring disorders in 13 rural and urban primary care clinics in New Mexico. The aim is to improve care for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and co-occurring depression and/or PTSD. The study will enroll and randomize 900 patients to either CC adapted for co-occurring disorders (CC-COD) or enhanced usual care (EUC) and will collect patient data at baseline, 3-, and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcomes are medications for OUD (MOUD) access, MOUD continuity of care, depression symptoms, and PTSD symptoms.


UMLS:C0769046


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C0242663

The study aims to test the efficacy of the "Housing First" approach in preventing opioid use disorder among homeless youth. The study will recruit 240 homeless youth, aged 18-24, who do not currently meet the criteria for opioid use disorder. These participants will be randomized into two groups: one receiving housing and opioid risk prevention services, and the other receiving only opioid risk prevention services. The study will use motivational interviewing, strengths-based outreach and advocacy, and an HIV risk preventive intervention. Follow-ups will be conducted at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-baseline. The study will also determine the economic cost of each intervention to aid in implementation decisions.


UMLS:C1272342


UMLS:C0683474


UMLS:C0454366


UMLS:C5439726

The study focuses on the development of a model called Collaboration Leading to Addiction Treatment and Recovery from Other Stresses (CLARO) to improve treatment for patients with co-occurring opioid use disorders (OUD) and mental health disorders such as depression and PTSD. The model was adapted using the five-step Map of Adaptation Process and involved input from a variety of stakeholders. The model includes 12 adaptations to collaborative care, such as the use of community health workers as care coordinators and modified training protocols. The next steps involve evaluating the effectiveness of CLARO and documenting any further adaptations during its implementation.


UMLS:C0009467


UMLS:C1303140

Problem-Solving Therapy and Written Exposure Therapy

modified training protocols for treating


UMLS:C0030705

The study analyzed the association between the frequency and dose of prescription opioid use and suicide attempts. The study found that patients prescribed opioid medications for at least 6 months during the past year and at 20-50 MME levels or higher had 4.44 to 7.23 times the risk of attempted suicide compared to those not prescribed opioids. The risk of suicide attempt was sharply elevated among patients with psychiatric conditions other than anxiety who were prescribed more frequent and higher opioid doses. However, more frequent and higher doses of prescription opioids were associated with lower risk of suicide attempts among patients with medical conditions necessitating pain management.


UMLS:C1718246


UMLS:C0565879

Patients with medical conditions necessitating pain management


UMLS:C4067589

The paper discusses the integration of peer support services into primary care for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment. It highlights that while buprenorphine is an effective medication for OUD, two-thirds of patients discontinue treatment within the first six months. Peer support programs, which use individuals with lived experience of substance use and recovery, can help patients persist in treatment. The paper details the core components, values, and activities of a peer support program in the University of Pennsylvania Health System, and discusses the challenges and lessons learned in implementing such a program.


UMLS:C0041741

University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS or Penn Medicine)


UMLS:C3653393

The paper discusses the need for new pain medications that can serve as alternatives to opioids, which have caused significant harm due to misuse and overdose. The study focuses on two ion channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, as potential targets for non-opioid pain medications. These channels play a role in nociception, the sensory nervous system's response to harmful stimuli that often leads to pain.


UMLS:C0917729


UMLS:C1956068

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels


UMLS:C1956068

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels


UMLS:C0758186

Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) small antibodies

The study generated non-opioid single-chain variable fragment (scFv) small antibodies to block the P2X4R receptor, which is associated with pain. The generated antibodies showed strong affinity and increased tissue penetrability. Two specific clones of these antibodies were tested in male and female mice with chronic neuropathic pain. A single dose of the antibodies completely and permanently reversed chronic neuropathic pain in male mice. The untreated mice retained hypersensitivity and developed anxiety and depression-like behaviors. The data supports the use of these engineered antibodies as non-opioid interventions for chronic pain.


UMLS:C4742900


UMLS:C0745134


UMLS:C1533677

Rheobase of larger-diameter (>25 µm) trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons


UniProtKB:B2RWR5

The study focuses on the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X1 (MRGPRX1), a human sensory neuron-specific receptor that could be a potential target for pain treatment. The researchers synthesized and evaluated a series of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based molecules as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of MRGPRX1. The process led to the discovery of a compound, 6-(tert-butyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1t), which showed potential in treating neuropathic pain in a model induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:163391881


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:90488904

The study focuses on the design of peptides to target the NaV1.7 channel, which is crucial in pain transmission. The researchers used the ProTx-II peptide toxin from tarantula venom as a basis for their design. The designed peptides PTx2-3127 and PTx2-3258 showed high potency and selectivity for the human NaV1.7 channels, with IC50s of 7 nM and 4 nM respectively. These peptides also demonstrated efficacy in rat models of chronic and thermal pain. The study suggests that these designed peptide inhibitors could potentially lead to a new class of biologics for pain treatment.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:132556404


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:132556404

NaV1.7 currents in mouse and human sensory neurons


UMLS:C3658321

The study aimed to assess the feasibility of an integrated psychosocial treatment for Veterans with chronic pain and hazardous opioid use. The treatment combined Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain and Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention for opioid misuse. The study found that the integrated treatment was feasible and effective in reducing opioid misuse, pain interference, and pain behavior.


UMLS:C0679867


UMLS:C1327920

The paper emphasizes the importance of addressing and managing pain in childhood to prevent its continuation into adulthood. It highlights the role of psychological interventions in managing childhood chronic pain and reducing the risk of long-term developmental and health impairments. The paper also identifies gaps in the current understanding of the link between childhood and adult pain and suggests a future research agenda, including the need for longitudinal cohort studies and testing of early interventions.


UMLS:C1327920


UMLS:C5392103


UMLS:C0399669


UMLS:C0001588

The paper discusses a randomized controlled trial that aims to test the effectiveness of a digital peri-operative cognitive-behavioral intervention, SurgeryPalTM, in preventing the transition from acute to chronic postsurgical pain in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion surgery. The study will recruit adolescents aged 12-18 years and their parents from pediatric centers across the USA. The intervention targets baseline psychosocial risk factors such as psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and low pain self-efficacy that predict higher acute pain and likelihood of developing chronic postsurgical pain. The primary outcomes include acute pain severity and interference, and opioid use, while secondary outcomes include chronic pain severity and interference, health-related quality of life, parent and adolescent distress, sleep quality, and opioid use/misuse.


UMLS:C0919636


UMLS:C0001588


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826

The study investigates the effects of intranasal leptin on opioid-induced sleep-disordered breathing in obese mice. The findings suggest that morphine significantly increases the frequency of apneas and the severity of hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnea in obese mice. However, the administration of intranasal leptin decreases the frequency of apneas, improves obstructive sleep apnea, and completely reverses hypoventilation. Importantly, the analgesic effect of morphine is enhanced, not reduced, by leptin. In vitro studies also show that leptin restores excitatory synaptic neurotransmission reduced by the μ-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin. This suggests that intranasal leptin could potentially prevent opioid respiratory depression during sleep in obese patients receiving opioids without reducing analgesia.


PR:000009758


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:101981638


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the potential link between opioid use and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Opioids, widely used for pain management, can affect breathing control and impair upper airway function, leading to central apneas, upper airway obstruction, and hypoxemia during sleep. The presence of OSA may increase the risk of opioid-induced respiratory depression. However, the relationship between opioids and OSA is not firmly established, with some studies showing a high prevalence of OSA in patients using high doses of opioids, while others found no correlation. The differences may be due to individual variability, different effects of opioids on OSA phenotypic traits, and varying methodologies.


UMLS:C0242402


MONDO:0007147


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345

The study investigates the effects of high-dose fentanyl-induced muscle rigidity on the respiratory system and metabolic rate in sedated rats. Fentanyl was found to significantly decrease the compliance of the respiratory system in all rats studied, leading to rapid rhythmic contractions of most skeletal muscles, which were replaced by persistent tonic/tetanic contractions. This resulted in a significant decrease in respiratory compliance and a rise in oxygen consumption, leading to hypoxemia. The administration of dexmedetomidine, a central α-2 agonist, was found to significantly and rapidly increase respiratory compliance, decrease the metabolic rate, and restore normoxemia. The study suggests that the changes in respiratory mechanics and metabolism produced by opioid-induced muscle rigidity contribute to fentanyl toxicity.


UMLS:C0239366


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5311068


UMLS:C0394664

The study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of acupuncture as a treatment for chronic pain in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Six adults with SCD, who had been experiencing chronic pain for at least three months, were enrolled in the study. The acupuncture treatment was to be administered twice a week for five weeks. Despite the study being suspended due to COVID-19, completion rates were high and no adverse events were reported. At the end of the intervention, all participants reported reduced pain intensity and interference. The acceptability score was 82%, indicating that it was feasible and acceptable to implement acupuncture in adults with SCD.


UMLS:C0394664


UMLS:C0394664

The paper describes the consensus process used to develop an acupuncture intervention protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (PRCT) funded by the National Institutes for Health (NIH). The trial aims to manage chronic low back pain (cLBP) in older adults, a condition affecting almost 33% of US adults aged 65 and older. The Acupuncture Advisory Panel (AAP), consisting of two physician-acupuncturists, six licensed acupuncturists, and an acupuncture researcher, used a modified Delphi process to develop the protocol. The consensus protocol includes steps of care, session length, number of needle insertion sites, insertion depths, needle retention times, types of needles, areas of the body to be treated, acupuncture point options, auricular point options, self-care options, and the minimum number of sessions considered ideal.


UMLS:C2711666


UMLS:C2367775

The study outlines a protocol for a clinical trial that aims to test a bundled intervention for non-pharmacological pain care (NPPC) in postoperative patients. The intervention includes an electronic health record (EHR) portal-based conversation guide, EHR clinical decision support (CDS), and self-management educational materials. The trial will be conducted across seven surgical specialties in six different locations within the Mayo Clinic Enterprise. The primary outcomes will be measured using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pain interference and physical functioning tests at 1, 2, and 3 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes will include the PROMIS anxiety test, opioid consumption, and self-reported NPPC use.


UMLS:C1507662


UMLS:C3881897

Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)


UMLS:C3881897


UMLS:C0498498

The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in conjunction with routine physical therapy for fibromyalgia patients. The study will be conducted across multiple physical therapy clinics and will involve over 110 physical therapists. The primary outcome will be the reduction in movement-evoked pain from baseline to day 60. Secondary outcomes will include resting pain and fatigue, pain interference, fibromyalgia disease activity, movement-evoked fatigue, and others. The results of this study will provide valuable data for health care policymakers, clinicians, and insurers.


UMLS:C0949766


UMLS:C0498498


UMLS:C3827679

evaluates and compares treatment strategies for

The BeatPain Utah study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two non-pharmacologic treatment strategies for chronic low back pain (LBP) using telehealth. The strategies include a brief pain consult (BPC) and telehealth physical therapy (PT), provided either in a sequenced or adaptive delivery. The sequenced strategy provides BPC followed by PT in the first 12 weeks for all patients, while the adaptive strategy uses a stepped care approach, providing PT only to non-responders to BPC. The study will recruit 500 participants and measure outcomes at baseline, and at 12, 26, and 52 weeks follow-ups.


UMLS:C2729409


UMLS:C0548238


UMLS:C1546417


UMLS:C0392359


UMLS:C0682880

The study explores the use of natural language processing (NLP) to identify new and emerging drug terms from social media data. The researchers used a continuous bag of words (CBOW) model trained on a Twitter dataset to find terms semantically related to known slang terms for marijuana. The method produced a list of 200 candidate terms, 115 of which were related to marijuana. This included 30 terms that were not on the expert-generated list, indicating the method's potential to uncover novel drug terminology. Despite the need for human review due to the method's low precision, the study shows promise for tracking emerging drug terms in real time.


UMLS:C0465724


UMLS:C0043226


UMLS:C5432853

The study developed and validated a predictive model to identify patients on chronic opioid therapy who are at high risk of opioid overdose and could benefit from naloxone, an opioid antagonist. The model was developed using data from 42,828 patients and validated with data from 10,708 patients. The model showed good calibration and discrimination, identifying 66-82% of all subsequent opioid overdoses.


UMLS:C0031831


UMLS:C5432853


UMLS:C0087178

The study investigates the combined influence of psychosocial and neural protective mechanisms against substance use in youth with a family history of substance use disorder (SUD). The study found that greater activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during correctly inhibited trials on the Go/No-Go task was a significant predictor of resilience against substance use, even after accounting for psychosocial measures of behavioral control.


UMLS:C4019080


UMLS:C0034750


UMLS:C0683268


UMLS:C0038493

The study surveyed 15,098 US high school students from 2009-2015 about nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) for study enhancement (SE). Among students who reported past-year NMUPS, 7.4% reported NMUPS-SE only, 40.9% NMUPS-SE+ other, and 51.7% NMUPS-nonSE only. The study found that all NMUPS subgroups had significantly higher odds of substance-related problems such as binge drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana, and nonmedical opioid use. GPAs were significantly lower among subgroups reporting NMUPS for nonstudy motives. The study concluded that 7% of US high school seniors engaged in NMUPS for SE only, indicating greater substance-related problems without superior academic performance among NMUPS-SE subgroups.


UMLS:C0038493


UMLS:C0002460

The study explores pain management practices among American Indians and Alaska Natives in rural Southern California. The study found that being male, younger, and having less education were strong predictors for riskier methods for managing pain. The findings will help in developing strategies to prevent misuse and abuse of prescription medications and other drugs in these communities.


UMLS:C0682125


UMLS:C0419384


UMLS:C3277104


UMLS:C0557311


UMLS:C0033082

The paper discusses the under-researched area of opioid misuse in children and adolescents due to opioid prescriptions for pain management. It proposes a multi-level model to understand the mechanisms through which opioid prescriptions may lead to pain and other negative outcomes, including opioid misuse. The paper also highlights the role of psychologists in informing policies and developing preventative interventions in healthcare settings.


UMLS:C0033082


UMLS:C0870524


UMLS:C0001588

Nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO)

The study examines the characteristics associated with nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) in adolescents and their relationship to substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms in early midlife. The study found that adolescents who engaged in NMUPO often reported frequent use, non-pain relief motives, co-ingestion with other drugs, and use of opioid analgesics with high misuse potential. These adolescents had significantly higher odds of SUD symptoms at age 35. The study also found that medical use of prescription opioids after initiating NMUPO during adolescence was associated with significantly greater odds of subsequent SUD symptoms at age 35.


UMLS:C0001588


UMLS:C1411103

associated with greater odds of at age 35


UMLS:C3661444

The study developed and evaluated an Opioid Safety Clinic (OSC) initiative to improve adherence to guidelines for patients on chronic opioid therapy (COT). The OSC was established at an urban Federally Qualified Health Center and aimed to provide standardized care for COT, streamline workflows, and efficiently utilize clinic staff. The study found that patients who participated in the OSC were more likely to have completed a pain assessment, urine toxicology, or had naloxone dispensed over a 12-month follow-up period. The OSC model improved adherence to guideline-concordant COT in primary care.


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C0683864

The study analyzed data from a national survey of 9578 high school seniors to examine the relationship between substance use and academic performance. The students were categorized into lifetime non-users, former users, and past-year users of substances like cigarettes, alcohol, and other drugs. The findings suggest that about a quarter of the participants had never used any substances in their lifetime. These lifetime non-users reported better academic outcomes, including less school skipping, higher grades, greater academic self-efficacy, and more emotional academic engagement, compared to their peers who used substances in the past year. The study suggests that substance use prevention programs could help promote academic achievement.


UMLS:C0946429


UMLS:C0556295


UMLS:C0150358


UMLS:C0683864

Nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD)

The study examined the sources of nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) among US high school seniors. It found that approximately 11.0% of high school seniors reported past-year NMUPD, with 44.2% obtaining the prescription drugs from multiple sources. The study identified five subgroups of NMUPD sources: friend/relative sources, friend/purchased sources, own leftover prescription, multiple sources, and other sources. It was found that boys were more likely to obtain prescription drugs from friend/purchased sources, while girls were more likely to use their own leftover prescriptions. Those who obtained prescription drugs from multiple sources were more involved in substance use, while those who used their own leftover prescriptions were less involved in substance use. The study suggests that all NMUPD sources should be discouraged and that patients and their families should be educated on how to properly manage and dispose of controlled medications.


UMLS:C1385848


UMLS:C0515076


UMLS:C3495029

The study examines the impact of the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion on opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment in West Virginia, a state heavily affected by the opioid crisis. The study found that about 5.5% of all enrollees were diagnosed with OUD per year, and the monthly prevalence of OUD diagnoses nearly tripled during the three-year period from 2014 to 2016. The ratio of people filling buprenorphine, a medication used to treat OUD, to the number diagnosed with OUD increased from one-third in early 2014 to more than 75% by late 2016. The mean annual duration of filled buprenorphine also increased, and most people filling buprenorphine also received counseling and drug testing.


UMLS:C0615670


UMLS:C1554208

NALs granting direct authority to pharmacists

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UMLS:C1554208


UMLS:C0086944


UMLS:C0001588

The study investigates how households manage controlled prescription medications, focusing on adolescents and their parents. The study found that most families do not follow all recommended safe management strategies for these medications. The strategies include storing medication out of sight, locking up medications, not storing pills in inappropriate locations, periodic parental monitoring, frequent disposal of unused medications, and disposing of medications in a prescription drug take-back program or by flushing. Families with an adolescent prescription for a controlled medication were more likely to use several core management strategies.


UMLS:C0425149


UMLS:C0871652


UMLS:C3850016


UMLS:C0871042

Juvenile probation/parole officers (JPOs)

can feasibly incorporate into their services

The study investigates the potential of juvenile probation officers (JPOs) in rural areas to deliver an evidence-based substance use intervention, known as contingency management (CM), to adolescents. The results show that JPOs can feasibly incorporate CM into their services and deliver more cognitive behavioral components of CM compared to clinically trained therapists. This suggests that JPOs can be used to provide substance use interventions in rural areas where such services are limited or nonexistent.


UMLS:C0871042


UMLS:C0001588


UMLS:C0001588

The study followed 51,223 adolescents in the USA from age 18 to 35 to identify patterns of prescription drug misuse. Five trajectories were identified, characterized by the age at which high-frequency misuse peaked. These trajectories were similar across three drug classes (opioids, stimulants, and sedatives or tranquilisers), with the peak misuse for sedatives and tranquilisers occurring later (at age 35). All misuse trajectories were associated with a higher risk of having two or more substance use disorder symptoms at age 35, especially the later peak trajectories. Risk factors for the high-risk latest peak misuse trajectory included heavy drinking in high school, cigarette smoking, marijuana use, poly-prescription drug misuse, being white, and not completing a 4-year university degree.


UMLS:C3266697


UMLS:C0700219

The study found that the decline in adolescent cigarette smoking from 2000 to 2018 has led to a decrease in the prevalence of non-medical use of amphetamines, tranquillisers, and opioids among adolescents. This decline is attributed to the growing group of adolescents who have never smoked, as their levels of non-medical drug use were significantly lower than those who have smoked. The findings support the 'gateway' theory, suggesting that reducing adolescent smoking can have positive effects on reducing adolescent drug use.


UMLS:C5234947


UMLS:C0700219

Amphetamines, Tranquillisers, Opioids use


UMLS:C0001588

The study investigates the risk factors associated with opioid misuse among adolescents who received opioid prescriptions for acute pain. Data was collected from 70 adolescents aged 14-19 and their parents. The study found that 90% of the adolescents reported two or more risks for future opioid misuse, with pain catastrophizing and alcohol use being the most common risk factors. Parental risk factors included a history of chronic pain and anxiety. The study also found that 71% of parents kept opioids at home, which is a potential risk factor for future misuse. The findings suggest the need for prevention strategies early in adolescent pain treatment.


UMLS:C1393582

The study reviews state laws that mandate or recommend healthcare providers to prescribe naloxone to patients at high risk of opioid overdose. As of September 2019, 17 states had enacted such laws, with over half of these states mandating that providers prescribe naloxone if patient overdose risk criteria are met. Most states define patient overdose risk based on opioid dosages prescribed, with other common risk criteria including concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions and patient history of substance use disorder or mental illness. The study suggests that naloxone prescribing requirements could increase naloxone prescribed, destigmatize naloxone use, and reduce overdose harms.


UMLS:C4743607


UMLS:C3697423


UMLS:C0200237


UMLS:C3653393

The study investigates the relationship between the medical supply of opioids and drug overdoses, using Medicare Part D as a reference. The findings suggest that a 10% increase in the medical supply of opioids leads to a 7.1% increase in opioid-related deaths among the Medicare-ineligible population. This implies a significant diversion from medical markets, contributing to the opioid epidemic.


UMLS:C0777126


UMLS:C3653393


UMLS:C0566121

The study used a comprehensive Massachusetts database to analyze the movement of people with opioid use disorder (OUD) through inpatient care from 2013 to 2015. It was found that 61% of inpatient detoxification admissions did not progress to further inpatient care. The risk of overdose was highest for those exiting treatment after detoxification, particularly among non-Hispanic whites. The study suggests that inpatient detoxification might be more effective as a venue for implementing strategies to expand addiction services or treatment such as medications for opioid use disorder.


UMLS:C3469280

Persons exiting treatment after detoxification


UMLS:C1518424


UMLS:C0919045

could be a venue for implementing strategies to expand


UMLS:C0033011

The paper reviews the separation of research on treatment for opioid use in pregnant women and preventive interventions for postpartum psychopathology, despite their significant overlap. It suggests that best practice guidelines for pregnant women with opioid use disorder should include medication-assisted treatment and comprehensive care, including behavioral and mental health interventions. However, current research often excludes one population from the other. The paper argues for the integration of research on opioid-using pregnant women and preventive perinatal mental health interventions to better address the opioid epidemic in this population.


UMLS:C0035168


UMLS:C0001588

The study investigates the long-term effects of physical victimization during adolescence on substance use disorders in adulthood. The findings suggest that adolescents who experience physical threats or injuries have more alcohol use symptoms by the age of 35 compared to those who do not. However, these associations are fully explained by victimization during young adulthood. The effects of victimization during young adulthood were stronger for women. Victimization was mostly unrelated to cannabis use symptoms at age 35.


UMLS:C0376695


UMLS:C0032804


UMLS:C4710428

The study aimed to identify the beliefs of state legislators that are independently associated with strong support for opioid use disorder (OUD) parity laws. The data was collected from a survey of state legislators in 2017. The findings revealed that legislators who strongly supported OUD parity were more likely to be female, Democrats, and have liberal ideologies. After adjusting for demographics and state-level variables, beliefs such as the view that state parity laws do not increase health insurance premium costs and that substance use disorder treatments can be effective remained associated with strong support for OUD parity. These beliefs were more strongly associated with strong support for OUD parity than political party, ideology, and other demographic and state-level characteristics.


UMLS:C3511617

The paper reviews the state of opioid policy research based on a literature review of studies evaluating the impact of U.S. state-level and federal-level policies on opioid-related outcomes from 2005-2018. The majority of studies evaluated policies related to prescription opioids and considered policy impacts with respect to proximal outcomes. Only 20% of the studies met the criteria for rigorous design. The study suggests the need for broader adoption of rigorous methods in the opioid policy field and more evaluation studies regarding overdose prevention policies and policies related to treatment access.


UMLS:C3511617

Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs)


UMLS:C3511617


UMLS:C0015196


UMLS:C0001588

The study found that cannabis and tobacco use in adolescence, specifically at age 14, is associated with increased opioid use in young adulthood, particularly at age 19. This association was observed in an urban cohort of African Americans over a 12-year period.


UMLS:C0001588


UMLS:C0678449


MESH:D062789


UMLS:C5545196

The study examined adolescent factors related to alcohol and marijuana use that could predict opioid misuse in emerging adulthood. The study used 11 waves of survey data from a diverse California cohort. The factors examined included individual, family, and peer factors. The study found that positive expectancies, peer approval, and older sibling use predicted a higher probability of opioid misuse. However, most adolescent factors were no longer associated with subsequent opioid misuse after adjusting for history of other substance use.


UMLS:C4034267


UMLS:C2346845


UMLS:C0337511


UMLS:C0946429


UMLS:C3553273

The study investigates the association between cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood and opioid misuse in a primarily urban Black cohort. Four cannabis use trajectories were identified: Low/Non-Users, Adolescent Onset Limited, Young Adult Onset, and Adolescent Onset Chronic. The study found that Adolescent Onset Chronic cannabis users had the highest rate of opioid misuse, followed by Adolescent Onset Limited, Young Adult Onset, and Low/Non-Users. The prevalence was significantly higher for Adolescent Onset groups relative to Low/Non-Users even after adjusting for individual, neighborhood, and peer factors.


UMLS:C5545196


UMLS:C4227728


UMLS:C4264507