UMLS:C0238598

The study found that verbal aggression victimization, such as homophobic name-calling, is linked to heavier substance use among young adults. The research identified four victimization classes (high victimization, homophobic name-calling only, verbal sexual harassment only, and low victimization) and three substance use classes (poly-substance use, alcohol and cannabis only, low all). The highest probabilities of transitioning into the poly-substance use class were found in the high victimization and homophobic name-calling only classes. Greater depressive symptoms increased the odds of transitioning into the poly-substance use and alcohol and cannabis only classes for the high victimization class, and into the poly-substance use class for the homophobic name-calling only class. Better peer relationship quality decreased the odds for the high victimization class.


UMLS:C0424322


UMLS:C0376695


UMLS:C5425812

The study investigates the prevalence and correlates of medical use and misuse of prescription opioids among US 12th-grade students. The past-year prevalence of prescription opioid misuse was found to be 7.6% and ranged from 0% to 73% across US high schools. Lifetime medical use of prescription opioids was 16.9% and ranged from 0% to 85% across US high schools. Schools with higher proportions of male students, more white students, higher rates of marijuana use, and more medical use of prescription opioids had higher odds of prescription opioid misuse. The association between greater school-level medical use of prescription opioids and higher prevalence of prescription opioid misuse, although declining, indicates a key risk factor to target for prevention efforts.


UMLS:C0036376


UMLS:C4712841

Greater school-level medical use of Prescription Opioids


UMLS:C0001588

The study examines the relationship between prescription opioid use and misuse during adolescence and subsequent heroin use in adulthood. The study found that adolescents who reported nonmedical prescription opioid misuse followed by medical use or nonmedical misuse only had a higher risk of heroin use in adulthood. The risk was also higher in more recent cohorts of adolescents who reported nonmedical misuse or medical use only. Nearly 1 in 3 adolescents in recent cohorts who reported nonmedical prescription opioid misuse transitioned to heroin use. The findings highlight the need for vigilant monitoring and drug screening to detect high-risk individuals who would benefit from an intervention to reduce later heroin use.


UMLS:C0001588


UMLS:C0510517


UMLS:C0946429

The paper discusses the gap between the consensus guidelines and state policies regarding substance use during pregnancy. Despite the universal endorsement of non-punitive, supportive policies by experts, more states have adopted punitive policies between 2000 and 2015. This is in direct contrast to the guidance from professional societies and federal agencies. The increase in punitive policies is happening amidst significant structural barriers to comprehensive healthcare, growing awareness of racial and ethnic disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality, and increasing state-level restrictions on abortion access. The paper emphasizes the need for comprehensive, coordinated, evidence-based, trauma-informed, family-centered care for women with substance use disorder (SUD) in a compassionate and non-punitive environment.


UMLS:C1393582


UMLS:C0032804


UMLS:C0001588

The study investigates how high school seniors in the United States obtain marijuana and if the methods vary based on sociodemographic characteristics. The data was collected from the Monitoring the Future study of 12th graders from 2012 to 2018. The most common methods of obtaining marijuana were being given it for free by friends, buying it from friends, and buying it from a drug dealer/stranger. Differences were observed based on sex, race/ethnicity, urbanicity, parental education, and frequency of use. Riskier methods of obtaining marijuana, such as buying from a drug dealer/stranger, were more common among male students, urban students, and frequent users.


UMLS:C0038493


UMLS:C0724128


UMLS:C2945649


UMLS:C0001588

The study investigates the impact of opioid misuse from ages 18 to 20 on risk behaviors, health, social functioning, and emerging adult roles at age 21-22. The research found that adolescents who misused opioids at age 18 were more likely to experience negative consequences from alcohol and cannabis use, engage in sexual risk behaviors, delinquent behavior, and have a higher likelihood of experiencing sexual victimization and engaging in sexual perpetration at age 21-22. However, opioid misuse was not associated with depression, anxiety, physical health or ailments, satisfaction with friends, romantic relationship functioning, or emerging adult roles.


UMLS:C0001588

Sexual victimization and Sexual perpetration

have a higher likelihood of experiencing and engaging


UMLS:C5392920

Depression, Anxiety, Physical health or ailments


UMLS:C0401946

The study investigates the perceptions of Juvenile Probation Officers (JPOs) on youth substance use and the potential benefits of task-shifting, a strategy that involves training JPOs to deliver substance use treatments such as contingency management (CM). Initially, JPOs expressed a sense of hopelessness about their work with substance-using youth and their parents, but held positive views towards the use of tangible incentives. After a year of CM training and delivery, JPOs' perceptions changed positively about working with youth and their parents, substance use programs and resources, and the value of tangible incentive programs. However, for JPOs who continued to deliver probation services as usual, their sense of hopelessness remained unchanged and their previously positive perception towards tangible incentives degraded.


UMLS:C0401946


UMLS:C3242781

The study investigates the incidence and characteristics of nonfatal opioid overdose (NFOD) among youths aged 11 to 24 years, with a focus on differences between sexes. The study found that female youths had a higher prevalence of mood or anxiety disorder, trauma and stress-related disorders, and history of suicide attempt or self-harm compared to male youths. Male youths, on the other hand, had a higher prevalence of opioid use disorder, cannabis use disorder, and alcohol use disorder. The incidence rate of NFODs in females was greater than males for ages 11 to 16 years and was less than or equal to males after age 17 years.


UMLS:C3242781


UMLS:C2371720

The study examines the co-use of methamphetamine and opioids among people in treatment in Oregon. Initial urinalysis of 102 specimens collected at a drug treatment program showed that 61% contained methamphetamine, with non-fentanyl opioids being three times as common in methamphetamine positive specimens. The study used a social science/anthropological framework to understand the structural, community, and individual-level factors impacting this co-use. Three sub-themes emerged: stigma around methamphetamine use, community-level factors and temporality, and patient rationales for co-use. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the expertise of people who co-use opioids and methamphetamine in future program planning.


UMLS:C0516126


HP:0033519


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C0001578

The study investigates the association of boredom and sensation seeking with substance use, externalizing behavior, and depressive affect in adolescents. The research was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 8th and 10th grade students in the US. The results showed that both boredom and sensation seeking were significantly associated with most dependent variables. Individuals high on both boredom and sensation seeking reported the highest levels of depressive affect and externalizing behavior. No significant interaction effects were found for substance use. Gender moderation was found for depressive affect. The study suggests that prevention efforts that address both boredom and sensation seeking may be effective in promoting mental health and preventing externalizing behavior in adolescents.


UMLS:C0001578


UMLS:C0006019


UMLS:C0871336


UMLS:C0679731


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:9887568

The study assessed the impact of the Opioid Reduction Act (SB 273) in West Virginia, which limited the supply of ongoing chronic opioid prescriptions to 30 days and first-time opioid prescriptions to 7 days for surgeons and 3 days for emergency rooms and dentists. The data showed a significant decrease in overall state opioid prescribing and a small change in average daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME) associated with the date of the legislation's enactment. However, there was no association of the legislation on first-time opioid prescriptions or days' supply of opioid medication.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:9887568


UMLS:C5389789

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The study aimed to identify combinations of three interventions that could reduce opioid overdose mortality by 40% in simulated populations. The interventions included initiating more people to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), increasing 6-month retention with MOUD, and increasing naloxone distribution. The study found that no single intervention could achieve this goal. Instead, a combination of MOUD use and naloxone was required. Specifically, 10% to 15% of the estimated OUD population not already receiving MOUD needed to initiate MOUD every month, with 45% to 60% retention for at least 6 months, and increased naloxone distribution.


UMLS:C0087178

The study found that among youth aged 11 to 25 who were prescribed an initial opioid, 0.3% experienced an opioid-related complication within the following year. Factors that increased the risk of complications included mood/anxiety disorders, substance use, and prescriptions involving long-acting opioids or long durations. Comorbid substance use disorders were present in 72.8% of youth experiencing an opioid-related complication.


UMLS:C0154588


UMLS:C3825487


UMLS:C0309728


UMLS:C0001588

The study investigates the link between different alcohol use trajectories during adolescence and young adulthood and the risk of opioid misuse in young adulthood among urban minority youth. The study followed 580 youth, predominantly African American and socio-economically disadvantaged, from ages 6-26. Six alcohol use trajectories were identified. The study found that escalating alcohol use in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with an elevated risk of opioid misuse in young adulthood. The study suggests that interventions should target high levels of alcohol use during these developmental periods to reduce the risk of opioid misuse among disadvantaged youth.


UMLS:C0814443


UMLS:C0841855


UMLS:C1698582


UMLS:C0200237

The study investigates the impact of electronic prescribing mandates for controlled substances on the rate of opioid-related overdoses. The mandates, which require controlled substances to be prescribed electronically directly to the pharmacy, were first enforced in New York in March 2016. The study found that the mandate reduced the rate of overdoses involving natural and semi-synthetic opioids by 22%. However, there was no significant change in overdose rates involving illicit opioids.


UMLS:C0200237


UMLS:C2231354

Outpatient substance use disorder treatment

The study investigates the relationship between the retention in outpatient substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and pharmacotherapy for comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study found that ADHD was diagnosed in 9.4% of outpatients and was associated with younger age, comorbid cocaine use, and private insurance. Individuals not receiving ADHD pharmacotherapy were younger than those receiving medication. ADHD pharmacotherapy was associated with greater long-term retention in SUD treatment. Individuals not receiving ADHD medication had a 4.9-fold increased likelihood of attrition within 90 days. Only ADHD pharmacotherapy was significantly associated with treatment retention.


UMLS:C0013216


UMLS:C0578895

Individuals not receiving ADHD medication


UMLS:C2874959

The study examined the use of buprenorphine, a treatment for opioid use disorder, among adults with employer-based insurance during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research found that the weekly use of buprenorphine remained relatively stable from January to August 2020. The study did not find any consistent change in the use of buprenorphine based on county-level COVID-19 rates, fatal drug overdose rates, and racial demographics. However, use was consistently higher in counties with the highest fatal drug overdose rates. The findings suggest that new federal and state policies may have helped maintain the rate of buprenorphine use during the pandemic.


UMLS:C5545311


UMLS:C2215686

Women with substance use during pregnancy

The study aimed to understand the association between punitive policies for women with substance use during pregnancy and the odds of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) diagnosis among Medicaid-insured infants. The study analyzed live births in Medicaid claims data from 39 US states between 2006 and 2014. The results were inconclusive as to whether punitive policies were associated with odds of NAS either in the short or long term. However, it was found that the odds of NAS among infants born in states with reporting policies were lower than those born in states without such policies.


UMLS:C5554861


UMLS:C3834718

The study analyzed data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III to examine the prevalence of nonmedical cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) among veterans and nonveterans, and those reporting or not reporting recent pain. The results showed that the prevalence of recent pain was higher among veterans. Among veterans, frequent cannabis use was higher among those with pain, and in states with medical cannabis laws, the prevalence of CUD was higher among those reporting recent pain. The study did not find evidence to support the hypothesis that cannabis use improves mental or physical health for veterans with pain.


UMLS:C0041735


UMLS:C0006873


UMLS:C0037395

The systematic review examined the relationship between social connection and opioid misuse, using data from 29 publications. The majority of these studies found at least one significant association between social connection and opioid misuse. However, the measures of social connection and opioid misuse varied across studies, and social connection was both positively and negatively associated with opioid misuse. The review suggests that social connection is an important factor in opioid misuse, but calls for more standardized measurements and larger, diverse studies for more definitive recommendations for prevention or treatment.


UMLS:C3511617


UMLS:C0035168


UMLS:C4715999

The study investigates the barriers to filling prescriptions for medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), specifically buprenorphine and naltrexone. Using a large database of electronic medical records and administrative claims data, the study found that 70% of individuals with a new diagnosis of opioid use disorder (OUD) filled their prescription within 30 days, with 57% filling it on the day it was written. However, nearly 1 in 3 MOUD prescriptions go unfilled. The study also found that individuals with a prescription copay at or below the mean had a 75% fill rate at 30 days compared to 63% for those with a copay above the mean.


UMLS:C1411103


UMLS:C4715481


UMLS:C0870102

The paper discusses the urgent need to improve parenting practices among fathers who misuse opioids, in order to interrupt intergenerational cycles of substance misuse. The authors suggest adapting existing parenting interventions for this specific population to accelerate the pace of science.


UMLS:C0870102


UMLS:C0850275


UMLS:C0234762


UMLS:C0238598

The study investigates the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and patterns of substance use during young adulthood. The study found that young adults who reported ACEs had a higher proportion and stability in high substance use class, including opioids and prescription medications, and were less likely to transition out of riskier classes. The effects of mental health and sex on these patterns were also different across ACEs groups.


UMLS:C0238598


UMLS:C1832070


UMLS:C0679775

The study examines the effectiveness of the Families Actively Improving Relationships (FAIR) program, designed to address the needs of families involved in the child welfare system due to parental substance abuse. The program integrates strategies to address substance abuse, mental health treatment, parenting skills training, and supportive case management. The study found significant reductions in parental opioid and methamphetamine use, mental health symptoms, and parenting risk, and improvements in stability in parents receiving FAIR. However, providing services to families who require travel in excess of 20 miles for sessions has challenging implications for program costs under a Medicaid structure.


UMLS:C0679775


UMLS:C3850016

has challenging implications for program costs under


UMLS:C4272615

The National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS) was established to identify and monitor emerging drugs in the U.S. However, the rapid development of new psychoactive substances has made identification difficult. The Drug Outbreak Testing Service (DOTS) study tested the feasibility of recruiting organizations to submit de-identified urine specimens for testing for approximately 240 drugs, at no cost. Eleven sites participated, including drug treatment programs, medical examiners, hospitals, and a criminal justice testing program. The results showed extensive polydrug use and geographic differences in the drugs detected. All sites found the test results useful for understanding recent drug use and assessing their testing protocols. The study suggests that the U.S. should consider establishing a program of expanded testing of already collected de-identified urine specimens to identify emerging drugs and track local patterns of use and availability.


UMLS:C1710061


UMLS:C0018918


UMLS:C0850544

The paper discusses the development of an online version of the Family Check-Up (FCU) program, which is designed to enhance parenting skills and prevent substance use, specifically targeting families with opioid use histories. The online platform allows for wider dissemination, especially in remote, rural areas where addiction rates are high but services are limited. The FCU Online includes new modules focusing on harm reduction for high-risk parents, such as home safety, substance use while parenting, and conflict management.


UMLS:C4724961


UMLS:C0001578

The study investigates the relationship between victimization experiences and opioid use during late adolescence and young adulthood. The study identified four classes of victimization and trauma-related characteristics: sexual abuse and indirect violence with high trauma characteristics, high all with high trauma characteristics, chronic emotional abuse with trusted perpetrator, and low all. The study found that demographic factors such as sexual/gender minority status, sex assigned at birth, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status influenced the risk of class membership. The study also found that all classes had a shorter latency to opioid use compared to the low all class. Self-efficacy and neighborhood cohesion were identified as protective factors that decrease the risk of opioid use.


UMLS:C0376695


UMLS:C0600564


UMLS:C3165751


UMLS:C3841593

The study aimed to understand the effectiveness and implementability of various state-level naloxone policies in the U.S. to prevent fatal opioid overdose. The study involved 46 key stakeholders and used the ExpertLens platform to conduct a three-round modified-Delphi process. The experts reached a consensus that all policies, except for liability protections and required provision of education or training, could moderately to largely increase naloxone pharmacy distribution. However, only three policies were expected to significantly decrease fatal overdose: statewide standing/protocol order, over-the-counter supply, and statewide "free naloxone." Of these, only statewide standing/protocol orders were rated as highly affordable and equitable. Experts rated naloxone prescribing mandates relatively lower in acceptability, feasibility, affordability, and equitability.


UMLS:C2350518

rated lower in acceptability, feasibility, affordability, and equitability


UMLS:C0238598

The paper presents a protocol for a randomized controlled trial aimed at preventing opioid misuse among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) at risk. The trial involves the use of technology-supported behavioral interventions delivered by health coaches. Participants are randomly assigned to one of four groups: a live video health coach session and portal messaging, a live video health coach session and enhanced usual care (EUC), EUC and portal messaging, or EUC and EUC. The primary outcome is opioid misuse, with secondary outcomes including other opioid outcomes, other substance misuse, and impaired driving. The study aims to test the efficacy of these interventions in reducing and preventing opioid misuse and opioid use disorder.


UMLS:C2317129


UMLS:C0430801


UMLS:C0850981


UMLS:C0578122


UMLS:C0680606

The study investigated the association between state medical cannabis laws (MCL) and the risk of fatal opioid overdose from 2000-2011 using a case-control design and individual-level data from national surveys. The study found no significant association between state MCLs and the rate of opioid overdose for the periods 2000-2005 and 2006-2011. The study concludes that there is no protective relationship between state MCLs and opioid overdose, countering claims of a protective effect of MCLs on opioid overdoses.


UMLS:C0572061

Males, middle-aged, non-Hispanic White, separated/divorced, less educated, and those with a family income below the poverty threshold


UMLS:C3274639

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)

The study found a significant association between the rates of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and the rates of infant foster care entries in the US. Data from 580 US counties from 2009-17 showed that for every one diagnosis of NOWS per ten births, there was a 41% higher rate of infant foster care entry. Rural county residence was also associated with a 19% higher rate of infant foster entry. Higher employment rates were linked to lower rates of infant foster care entry, particularly in urban counties.


UMLS:C5691416


UMLS:C4277532


UMLS:C0238598

The study investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of an adapted Housing First model, combined with prevention services, for young adults (18-24 years) experiencing homelessness in the USA. The prevention services included youth-centered advocacy services, motivational interviewing, and HIV risk prevention services. The study found that the model was feasible to deliver and that youth engaged in the supportive intervention services. While alcohol use did not change significantly over time, drug use, drug use consequences, cognitive distortions, and the size of youths' social networks that were drug using individuals decreased significantly. The study suggests that this model may improve outcomes for youth experiencing homelessness and may reduce drug use.


UMLS:C5544474


UMLS:C0238598


UMLS:C1510553

The Leveraging Safe Adults (LeSA) Project aims to prevent opioid and other substance use among juvenile justice-involved youth as they transition to adulthood. The project uses Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®), which provides emotional and instrumental guidance, support, and role modeling. The study tests the effectiveness of TBRI in preventing non-medical use of opioids among these youth after their release from secure residential facilities. The study also aims to understand the barriers to implementing TBRI as part of re-entry protocols. The study involves two samples from nine sites in two states over three years. The results of this study could help expand the application of TBRI and provide guidance for implementing multi-component interventions in complex systems.


UMLS:C3843416

Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®)


UMLS:C0086279

Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI®)


UMLS:C5389789

The study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of hospital-based strategies to address the opioid epidemic in the US. The strategies include standard hospital care, expanded inpatient prescribing of medications for opioid use disorder, implementation of addiction consult services, and a combination of medication and consult services. The study found that expanding medications for opioid use disorder with bridge prescriptions would reduce hospitalizations and overdose deaths by 3.2% and 3.6% respectively. The combination of expanded medications with opioid use disorder along with addiction consult services would reduce hospitalizations and overdoses by 5.2% and 6.6% respectively. Both strategies were found to be cost-effective.


UMLS:C5389789


UMLS:C0547663

Combined strategy of medication and consult services


UMLS:C0547663


UMLS:C0946429

The study focuses on the adaptation of an evidence-based treatment, Families Actively Improving Relationships (FAIR), to a prevention-oriented intervention, PRE-FAIR, for parents involved with child welfare due to substance use. The FAIR program has shown significant improvement in parenting and reduced parental substance use in previous trials. The study used semi-structured interviews with FAIR parents and administrators to identify key variables driving FAIR engagement and parent outcomes. The results highlighted the importance of ancillary supports and strong relationships in helping parents cope with stressors leading to substance use. Five engagement strategies were identified as essential to parent success. The study suggests that future research should explore additional prevention adaptations to FAIR and the impact of PRE-FAIR on parental substance use and child welfare case outcomes.


UMLS:C0679775


UMLS:C2135397

Ancillary supports and strong relationships


UMLS:C4505268


UMLS:C0023732

The study compares different statistical models used for evaluating the effectiveness of state-level policies, specifically in the context of opioid policy evaluations. The study found that most linear models resulted in minimal bias, but non-linear models and population-weighted versions of classic linear two-way fixed effect and linear GEE models yielded considerable bias. The study also found that many models yielded high Type I error rates and very low rates of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis, raising concerns about the conclusions drawn about policy effectiveness in the opioid literature. The study suggests that linear AR models are optimal in terms of directional bias, root mean squared error, Type I error, and correct rejection rates, and urges researchers to adopt the use of AR models.


UMLS:C0206165


UMLS:C3826744


UMLS:C3826744

Directional bias, root mean squared error, Type I error, and correct rejection rates


UMLS:C0030705

The study investigates the presence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in young adults seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). The Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) was used to assess 69 patients aged 16-26 at an outpatient SUD clinic. The results showed that 20% of the patients had elevated SRS-2 scores, indicating the presence of ASD symptoms. These patients were more likely to have a stimulant use disorder or an opioid use disorder, and to have used alcohol in the week prior to intake. The study concludes that a significant proportion of SUD outpatients have clinically elevated autistic traits, emphasizing the need for assessing autistic traits in SUD treatment settings.


UMLS:C0851927


UMLS:C0242456

The study examined the impact of state policies on high-risk opioid prescribing from 2007 to 2018. It found that initial prescriptions for more than 7 days declined from 23.8% to 14.9%, associated with mandatory and interoperable prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) and prescription duration limits. Initial prescriptions with daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME) over 90 declined from 13.2% to 1.9%, associated with pain management clinic laws. However, initial prescriptions concurrent with benzodiazepines only declined modestly from 6.9% to 6.5%. The study suggests that PDMP laws and pain clinic laws are effective but address different types of high-risk opioid prescribing.


UMLS:C0242456


UMLS:C1510818

The study investigates the prevalence of state laws that either prohibit nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) from prescribing buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder (OUD), or require their supervision by a federally waivered physician. The research found that one state prohibits all advanced practice clinicians (APCs) from prescribing buprenorphine for OUD, five states require PA supervision by a federally waivered physician, and three states require NP supervision by a federally waivered physician.


UMLS:C0031833

required to be supervised by a federally waivered physician for prescribing


UMLS:C0028657


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

Patient knowledge about naloxone administration

The study conducted a trial to determine the effects of co-dispensing naloxone with opioids in a health system in Denver, Colorado. The results showed that co-dispensing naloxone with opioids did not increase opioid risk behavior. However, it did increase naloxone acquisition and patient knowledge about naloxone administration. There was no change in opioid dose or other substance use.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


UMLS:C0031831

The study examines the trends in prescriptions for opioid and non-opioid pain medications in the U.S. from 2014 to 2018. The findings show a decline in opioid prescriptions, a stable trend for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and an increase in prescriptions for acetaminophen, antidepressants, and gabapentinoids. The data suggests that physicians are increasingly using non-opioid medications for pain management, particularly antidepressants and gabapentinoids, despite limited evidence of their efficacy in treating common pain conditions like low back pain.


UMLS:C0031831


UMLS:C1579362


UMLS:C1515945

American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations

The study is a protocol for a cluster randomized trial aimed at preventing drug misuse among older adolescents in the Cherokee Nation. The trial will be conducted in rural communities in northeast Oklahoma, targeting American Indian and mostly White adolescents and young adults. The intervention combines community organizing and school-based brief intervention and referral, along with skill-based training for adults and strategic media. The trial will measure the implementation and effectiveness of the intervention on primary and secondary outcomes, including alcohol use, heavy alcohol use, marijuana use, and prescription opioid misuse. The trial will follow a cohort of high school students over three years as they transition out of high school.


UMLS:C0597010


UMLS:C0238598


UMLS:C0281163


UMLS:C0001588

The study investigates the patterns and predictors of daily acute pain in adolescents undergoing treatment for pain. Three trajectories of pain intensity were identified: slow decrease, rapid decrease, and stable or slight increase. Adolescents with stable pain showed the highest anxiety levels. Better sleep quality predicted lower pain intensity and interference the next day, even when accounting for opioid use. The findings suggest the need for further research using intensive longitudinal methodology to guide intervention development and prevent the transition to chronic pain.


UMLS:C0001588


EFO:0005272

Next day pain intensity and pain interference


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study investigates the impact of SB 273, a law aimed at restricting opioid prescribing in West Virginia, on patients and providers. The study found that the law, enacted during a time of increasing physician arrests and convictions, led to fear of disciplinary action among opioid-prescribing physicians. This fear, along with the restrictive legislation, resulted in shifts in care that led to forced tapering and opioid under-prescribing. The study suggests a more holistic and patient-centered approach by legislative and disciplinary bodies to ensure patients are not abandoned when disciplinary actions are taken against prescribers or new legislation is passed.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:9887568


UMLS:C4716222


UMLS:C0242883

The study used a mathematical model to estimate the impact of offering buprenorphine-naloxone treatment at syringe service programs (SSPs) in Massachusetts, USA. The model compared a scenario where 30% of SSP clients initiated buprenorphine treatment on-site at least once annually to a status quo scenario where no buprenorphine was available on-site. The results showed that the intervention scenario averted 20.8% of fatal opioid overdoses and resulted in 8.6% additional treatment initiations compared to the status quo. The intervention scenario was also more cost-effective, costing less per person and resulting in more quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) per person.


UMLS:C0242883


UMLS:C5230800

Buprenorphine-naloxone treatment in syringe service programs


UMLS:C3647215

The study used simulation modeling to analyze the impact of initiating medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) during inpatient detox programs in Massachusetts, USA. The findings suggest that initiating MOUD during detox and linking patients to outpatient MOUD could reduce fatal overdoses by 4.5% with perfect linkage and 2.3% with moderate linkage. The cost-effectiveness ratio was $56,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained with perfect linkage and $78,500 per QALY gained with moderate linkage. The budgetary increase to Massachusetts health-care spending ranged from 0.5-1%.


UMLS:C3812880

Inpatient medically managed withdrawal programs

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

provide a theoretical opportunity for initiation of


UMLS:C1511595


UMLS:C1393582

The study aimed to identify and describe state laws related to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in problem-solving courts across the US from 2005 to 2019. The research found that since 2005, nine states had laws regarding MOUD in problem-solving courts. Two categories of state laws were identified: laws that prohibit MOUD bans and laws potentially facilitating access to MOUD. Seven states had laws that prohibit MOUD bans, while four states had laws that could facilitate access to MOUD. The study suggests that model state legislation should be created to facilitate MOUD access for court participants across the US.


UMLS:C2874869

The study analyzed the long-term effects of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) symptoms from adolescence to adulthood. It found that most adolescents with severe SUD symptoms at age 18 had two or more SUD symptoms in adulthood. These individuals also had the highest odds of prescription drug use and misuse in adulthood. The majority of adults using prescribed opioids, sedatives, or tranquilizers had multiple SUD symptoms during adolescence. The findings suggest that severe SUD symptoms in adolescence can lead to more deleterious long-term effects than those with no or low severity.


UMLS:C2874869

Prescription drug use and misuse in adulthood


UMLS:C1386591

Adults using prescribed opioids, sedatives, or tranquilizers

Multiple SUD symptoms during adolescence


UMLS:C5204126

The study investigates the association between polygenic risk scores (PRS) for lifetime cannabis and alcohol use and opioid misuse among an African-American sample. The data was collected from three cohorts of participants who were recruited in first grade. The study found that higher PRS for lifetime cannabis use, heavy drinking, and greater alcohol consumption were associated with an increased risk for opioid misuse. The study also found sex differences, with higher PRS for heavy drinking and alcohol consumption associated with a greater likelihood of opioid misuse among males, but not females.


UMLS:C0813973


UMLS:C1139947


UMLS:C0086582


UMLS:C0086287


UMLS:C1314200

The study examines the impact of state policies on the prescription of buprenorphine, a treatment for opioid use disorder, by nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) in the United States. The findings reveal a wide variation in the percentage of buprenorphine treatment episodes prescribed by NPs/PAs across states. Policies that increased the odds of buprenorphine treatment from an NP/PA included full scope of practice for NPs and PAs, Medicaid pay parity for NPs, and Medicaid expansion. The association of Medicaid expansion with NP/PA buprenorphine treatment was particularly significant in rural counties.


UMLS:C0242456


UMLS:C0025071


UMLS:C0238598

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UMLS:C5392920


UMLS:C0150358


UMLS:C4546246

The study investigates the relationship between changes in perceived and objective neighborhood social environment during adolescence and substance use in emerging adulthood. The data was collected from a cohort in Southern California between 2013-14 and 2019-20. The findings suggest that an increase in perceived disorganization predicts greater alcohol consequences and socialization with peers using marijuana. A decrease in objective neighborhood SES predicted fewer alcohol consequences and greater socialization with peers drinking alcohol. Unexpectedly, both decreasing and increasing perceived social cohesion predicted fewer alcohol consequences. Increasing perceived social cohesion predicted lower solitary alcohol use.


UMLS:C4546246


UMLS:C4546246

associated with increase and decrease in


UMLS:C0013216

The study investigates the impact of pharmacotherapy on the development of Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. The systematic review included 21 studies on ADHD, 2 on Major Depressive Disorder, and 3 on psychotic disorders. The majority of these studies reported a reduction in SUDs, especially when treatment was initiated early and for longer durations. However, more research is needed on the effects of psychotherapy alone and in combination with medication, medication initiation and duration, adequacy of treatment, non-ADHD disorders, and psychiatric comorbidity.


UMLS:C2231354

associated with the largest risk reduction for


UMLS:C0033968

effects on the development of needs more research


UMLS:C0038191

The study assesses the health policies implemented by state and federal governments for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The policies were aimed at expanding access to care for individuals with OUD. The study found that while all states have adopted at least one policy in areas such as telehealth, privacy, licensing, and medication for OUD treatment, no state has comprehensively implemented all these policies. Only 17 states have adopted telehealth policies for new patients, 9 states relaxed privacy laws, 35 states expanded the scope of practice laws for both physician assistants and nurse practitioners, and 44 states expanded access to medication for OUD treatment.


UMLS:C1393582


UMLS:C0870424

The study aimed to understand expert views on state-level naloxone access laws (NALs) in the US, which are used to increase the availability of naloxone, a medication used to counter opioid overdoses. The study found that the effectiveness of these laws in reducing opioid-related deaths depends on their ability to significantly increase the availability of naloxone at the population level. Experts believe that increased naloxone availability does not significantly impact the prevalence of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder, and non-fatal opioid overdoses. However, implementation barriers include public stigma, affordability of naloxone, and reliance on an inequitable healthcare system. To maximize the impact, NALs should address these barriers and also target settings beyond community pharmacies for naloxone distribution.


UMLS:C4520565


UMLS:C0870424


UMLS:C4017221

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs)

The study analyzed laws in 16 U.S. states and Washington D.C. aimed at increasing the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs). The researchers identified 82 laws with MOUD expansion policies, which fell into six categories: expanding the availability of waivered buprenorphine providers, needs assessments and policies increasing public MOUD awareness, criminal justice system policies, substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and sober living facility policies, insurance policies, and hospital policies. The most common policies were related to SUD treatment and housing facilities, and insurance.


UMLS:C0242456


UMLS:C0679730

The paper discusses the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) HEAL Prevention Cooperative (HPC) initiative, which aims to develop effective prevention interventions for older adolescents and young adults at risk for opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD). The HPC includes ten research projects, nine of which include an economic evaluation to provide information on the costs, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of these interventions. The economic evaluation will estimate the intervention implementation costs, the cost-effectiveness of each intervention for reducing opioid misuse initiation and escalation among youth, and use simulation modeling to estimate the budget impact of broader implementation of the interventions within various settings over multiple years.


UMLS:C0814357


UMLS:C1293091


UMLS:C0679730

The Helping to End Addiction Long-Term (HEAL) Prevention Cooperative (HPC) is working on 10 different evidence-based interventions to prevent opioid misuse and opioid use disorder. The paper discusses the strategies and processes used to harmonize data across these different studies. The approach includes a strategy to measure opioid use that covers a range of opioid use experiences, from initiation to symptoms of opioid use disorder. The paper also discusses the limitations and opportunities of this approach, as well as its implications for future research and the broader HEAL data ecosystem.


UMLS:C0679730


UMLS:C3826456


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C3878592

The study used an ExpertLens online platform to gather 66 stakeholders and conduct a 3-round modified Delphi process to examine expert consensus on the effectiveness and the ability to implement state-level opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment policies. The experts agreed on two policies: facilitated access to medications for OUD and automatic Medicaid enrollment for citizens returning from correctional settings, as highly implementable and effective. However, policies such as hub-and-spoke-type policies and provision of financial incentives to emergency departments for treatment linkage were seen as effective but faced implementation barriers. Coercive policies and policies levying additional requirements on individuals with OUD receiving treatment were viewed as low-value policies.


UMLS:C4063032

facilitated access to medications for OUD

viewed as highly implementable and effective


UMLS:C4063032

automatic Medicaid enrollment for citizens returning from correctional settings


UMLS:C0311174


UMLS:C0238598

The study aimed to compare the engagement in virtual research recruitment between adolescents and young adults (AYA) in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and AYA in behavioral health (BH) treatment. The study found that there was no significant difference in the rate of AYA reached, interest in the study, completion of the phone screen, or enrollment in the study between those in SUD treatment and those in BH treatment. This suggests that engaging AYA in SUD treatment in virtual naturalistic longitudinal research is no more difficult than engaging AYA seen in general behavioral health settings.


UMLS:C0238598


UMLS:C0430135

positively and significantly associated with

The study investigates the role of naloxone distribution in reducing opioid overdose deaths in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New York City. The data shows that from Q1-2016 to Q4-2018, naloxone distribution rate increased while the opioid overdose mortality rate fell. The level of naloxone distribution was positively associated with fatal opioid overdose rates, suggesting that the medication was reaching the communities where it was most needed. However, no associations were found between changes in naloxone distribution rates and overdose mortality. The study concludes that additional prevention, treatment, and harm reduction interventions are required, along with higher naloxone volumes, to combat the opioid overdose crisis in the US.


UMLS:C0430135


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3345


UMLS:C2957201

The paper presents a conceptual framework for telehealth strategies to increase family involvement in the treatment and recovery of youth with opioid use disorders (OUD). The framework identifies provider-delivered tele-interventions across four stages of OUD treatment and recovery, and introduces direct-to-family tele-supports that can supplement these interventions. The tele-supports include both synchronous (real-time) and asynchronous (not simultaneous) methods.


UMLS:C0183684


UMLS:C0596807

The study investigates the role of jaw function, psychological factors, and chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) on pain-related disability in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Data was collected from 400 participants and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that jaw function was the strongest predictor of pain-related disability, followed by psychological unease and COPCs. The findings suggest that focusing resources on improving joint function, providing psychosocial support, and managing COPCs can improve pain-related disability in TMDs. The study also supports the potential value of physical therapy such as jaw exercises along with psychological interventions as non-pharmacological therapeutic solutions.


UMLS:C0033898


UMLS:C0452240


UMLS:C5392103


MGI:2684161

orchestrates the acquisition and maintenance of

The study reveals that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) plays a crucial role in the acquisition and maintenance of opiate-associated memories through its projections to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The activity between PVT and CeA associates morphine reward with the environment, while inhibiting the PVT to NAc pathway during retrieval can provide lasting protection against opiate-primed relapse. The study also found that activating the NAc to lateral hypothalamus (LH) pathway can prevent relapse, suggesting the potential of targeting the PVT to NAc to LH pathway for treating opioid addiction.


MGI:2684161


UMLS:C1517690


UMLS:C1609986

The study investigates the perceptions and experiences of addiction counselors implementing an open-access model for methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for opioid use disorder. The model, which rapidly enrolls patients regardless of their ability to pay and provides real-time access to multiple voluntary treatment options, was implemented between 2006 and 2020. The study found that counselors perceived several advantages of the model for clients, clinicians, and the community, such as individualized client needs, fewer demands on clinicians, and reduced crime. However, they also noted disadvantages, including an uneven workload for clinicians, the need for more intensive services for some clients, and a perceived lack of structure at the program level.


UMLS:C4042885


UMLS:C1609986

Advantages and disadvantages of the open-access model


UMLS:C0150079

The paper discusses the bi-directional relationship between sleep/alertness disturbance and substance use disorders (SUD). It highlights that while the impact of substance abuse on sleep and alertness has been widely studied, the effect of sleep/alertness disturbance on substance use has not been as thoroughly explored. The paper reviews evidence showing that sleep/alertness disturbance affects all phases of the addiction cycle, including initiation, maintenance, and relapse of SUD. It concludes that sleep/alertness disturbance is a critical factor in understanding and treating SUD.


UMLS:C0150079


UMLS:C1822020

The paper explores the relationship between sleep deficiency and opioid use, suggesting a bidirectional association between sleep efficiency and opioid abstinence. The authors propose that improving sleep deficiency could potentially enhance opioid abstinence and vice versa. They also discuss potential mechanisms that could link improvements in sleep to opioid abstinence. The paper suggests that sleep-restorative therapeutic approaches should be tested in clinical trials to confirm these hypotheses.


UMLS:C0262716


HP:0002360


UMLS:C0541662


UMLS:C1609452

Wireless sleep electroencephalography (EEG) monitor

The study investigates the feasibility of using a wireless sleep electroencephalography (EEG) monitor to measure sleep outcomes in patients undergoing supervised opioid withdrawal. The results showed that the wireless EEG was able to detect changes in total, NREM and REM sleep time, and was associated with increased withdrawal severity, lower sleep efficiency, less time in REM and non-REM stages 1 and 2, and more hydroxyzine treatment. The study concludes that a wireless EEG is a feasible and useful tool for monitoring sleep in persons experiencing acute opioid withdrawal.


UMLS:C1609452


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C5552616

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UMLS:C1854818


UMLS:C1854818

Chronic stress, low positive affect, high negative affect, chronic pain, drug craving


UMLS:C0869943


UMLS:C4324621

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and Nucleus accumbens

The study investigates the biological alterations in the brains of people who chronically use opioids and are diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). RNA sequencing was conducted on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens from postmortem brains of subjects with OUD and unaffected comparison subjects. The analysis revealed extensive overlap in transcripts between the two brain regions in OUD, related to synaptic remodeling and neuroinflammation. The identified transcripts were enriched for factors controlling proinflammatory cytokine, chondroitin sulfate, and extracellular matrix signaling. Microglia were implicated as a potential driver for opioid-induced neuroplasticity. Genetic liabilities for risky behavior, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and depression were suggested in subjects with OUD.


HGNC.FAMILY:1988

Synaptic remodeling and Neuroinflammation


HGNC.FAMILY:1988

Proinflammatory cytokine, Chondroitin sulfate, and Extracellular matrix signaling


UMLS:C0206116


UMLS:C4324621

Risky behavior, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Depression


UMLS:C4715999

The study explores the correlation between drug-related dreams and opioid use disorder (OUD). It was found that individuals who had drug-related dreams were more likely to report sleep disturbances, insomnia symptoms, and a higher risk for sleep apnea. Post-dream craving and distress were associated with insomnia symptoms, poor sleep hygiene behaviors, and greater anxiety symptoms. Those who had ever experienced a drug-related dream were more likely to report a history of severe withdrawal, overdose, and intravenous opioid use. The study suggests that interventions treating OUD, pain, sleep symptoms, and affective symptoms may improve overall well-being in this population.


HP:0032938


UMLS:C1321032


UMLS:C4715481

Severe withdrawal, overdose, and intravenous opioid use


UMLS:C0841855

OUD, pain, sleep symptoms, and affective symptoms


UMLS:C4715999

The study found that individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) reported a decline in sleep quality over their lifespan. The changes in sleep quality varied based on whether the individual had co-occurring insomnia and/or chronic pain. Factors such as female sex, a greater number of treatment episodes, and positive screens for chronic pain and insomnia were associated with persistent sleep disturbance. The study suggests that OUD treatment providers should routinely screen for co-occurring sleep disturbance and chronic pain, and interventions that treat co-occurring OUD, sleep disturbance, and chronic pain are needed.


EFO:0005272


UMLS:C0404484

Female sex, greater number of treatment episodes, positive screens for chronic pain and insomnia


UMLS:C0677108

Co-occurring sleep disturbance and chronic pain


UMLS:C0841855

Co-occurring OUD, sleep disturbance, and chronic pain


UMLS:C4324621

The paper discusses the relationship between opioid use disorder (OUD) and sleep deficiency, which is present in 75% of patients with OUD. The review highlights the bidirectional mechanisms between OUD and sleep deficiency and the potential to target sleep deficiency with therapeutic interventions to promote long-term, healthy recovery among patients in OUD treatment. The effects of opioids on sleep quality, sleep architecture, sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea endotypes, ventilatory control, and implications for therapy and clinical practice are also discussed. The paper concludes with a research agenda to evaluate the basic mechanisms of the relationship between sleep deficiency and OUD and the potential for behavioral, pharmacologic, and positive airway pressure treatments targeting sleep deficiency to improve OUD treatment outcomes.


UMLS:C0869943


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C0681798

Relationship between sleep deficiency and OUD


UMLS:C4324621

The paper discusses the relationship between opioid use disorder (OUD) and sleep deficiency, which is prevalent in over 75% of OUD patients. The study explores the bidirectional mechanisms between OUD and sleep deficiency and suggests potential therapeutic targets.


UMLS:C4324621


MONDO:0100081


UMLS:C0751074

The paper discusses the management strategies for painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), a common complication of chronic diabetes. It emphasizes the importance of early symptom identification and aggressive glycemic control. Despite established guidelines, pain control remains a challenge for many patients. Pharmacotherapy with anticonvulsants and antidepressants are common first-line treatments, but the use of oral opioids is discouraged due to associated risks. The paper also highlights the potential of neuromodulation treatments and holistic therapies like yoga and acupuncture.


UMLS:C4722073


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:60835


UMLS:C0751074


UMLS:C0394664


UMLS:C0013786

The study investigates the use of epidural electrical stimulation of the conus medullaris in a patient with complete L1 paraplegia and neuropathic genital pain due to a traumatic conus injury. The patient underwent spinal cord stimulator (SCS) implantation and an intensive outpatient physical therapy regimen. After 18 months, the patient showed improvements in motor zones of partial preservation (ZPPs) and quality of life (QoL), although there was no consistent evidence of voluntary electromyography (EMG) or rhythmic locomotive leg movements. The results suggest potential for neuroplasticity in this patient population.


UMLS:C0810635


UMLS:C0079207


UMLS:C2242796

The study investigates the impact of Sickle cell disease (SCD) on gait in transgenic sickle mice. The research found that Purkinje cells, which are associated with movement and neural function, undergo increased apoptosis in sickle mice. This damage, along with chronic pain, may lead to compensatory gait changes. Using an automated gait measurement system, the study found that sickle mice showed alterations in stance instability and dynamic gait parameters. These changes may be due to motor dysfunction from damaged Purkinje cells or fear and anticipation of movement-evoked pain. The study also found correlations between gait parameters and both mechanical and deep tissue hyperalgesia.


UMLS:C0034143


MESH:D008821


UMLS:C2177963


HP:0002064


UMLS:C0394477

The study investigates the management of generator site pain, also known as "pocket pain", in patients undergoing spinal cord stimulation (SCS). The study found that 5.5% of the 785 cases reviewed experienced pocket pain. Females and patients with workers' compensation insurance were more likely to experience pocket pain. The pain did not improve with conservative therapy, and all patients either had to have the device repositioned or removed. The study suggests that future work should explore device placement based on body shape and manual activity responsibilities.


UMLS:C0086287


UMLS:C0681106

Patients with workers' compensation insurance


UMLS:C0459914


UMLS:C0395575


UMLS:C1518963

The paper discusses the use of neuromodulation as a treatment for chronic neuropathic pain. Neuromodulation, a drug-free and non-addictive method, involves transmitting controlled physical energy to specific neural targets in the central nervous system. The paper also discusses both invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation methods, with a particular focus on an emerging brain stimulation technology, transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). The safety and future prospects of transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation for pain management are also discussed.


UMLS:C0587761


UMLS:C1959633


UMLS:C3164085


UMLS:C0394477

The paper discusses a new automated data visualization tool that can generate patient-specific activity maps using signals collected intraoperatively. This tool is used in conjunction with spinal cord stimulation (SCS), a treatment for chronic pain that relies on accurate electrode placement. The tool uses a graphical user interface to provide a fast and robust visualization of electromyography (EMG) activity, making it easier to analyze the effects of stimulation on various muscle groups. The tool is expected to be used in the operating room as a real-time processing tool in the future.


UMLS:C3856954


UMLS:C0430853

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM)


UMLS:C2721762


UMLS:C3878045


UMLS:C0394162

The paper discusses the use of closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a more personalized therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders. The authors provide a practical guide for implementing a closed-loop DBS system, using examples from patients with chronic pain. They focus on two devices from Medtronic, the Activa PC+S and Summit RC+S, and provide details on how to adjust key parameters for feature selection, state thresholding, and stimulation artifacts. They also discuss logistical and practical considerations for clinicians when programming these devices.


UMLS:C5422918


UMLS:C0871685


UMLS:C3878277

High-resolution spinal cord stimulation (HR-SCS)

The study investigates the use of high-resolution spinal cord stimulation (HR-SCS) in patients with chronic pain. The HR-SCS paddle was found to stimulate medial-dorsal columns and extend stimulation coverage to laterally positioned spinal targets. The study found that HR-SCS demonstrated higher precision targeting of certain dermatomes and may provide additional ipsilateral recruitment within the extremities, improving targeting of focal pain in the lower extremities. The study also supports the use of intraoperative neuromonitoring as a decision tool to determine physiological midline in thoracic SCS surgeries.


UMLS:C2730025


UMLS:C4042812


UMLS:C0587761

The study investigates the effects of transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS), a neuromodulation technique, on the interaction and response of neurons in the rat somatosensory cortex. The researchers used intracranial multi-electrode recordings to observe the changes in neural firing in response to peripheral electrical stimulation after ultrasound stimulation. The results showed that tFUS can induce changes in the excitability of individual neurons and modulate network dynamics, with both increases and decreases observed at different frequencies.


UMLS:C3705788


GO:0038160

The study investigates the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), a complication affecting 25% of diabetic patients. The researchers hypothesized that this signaling is crucial for the development of mechanical allodynia, a common pain hypersensitivity behavior in PDN. Using a high-fat diet mouse model of PDN, they found that limiting CXCR4 signaling or neuronal excitability could prevent and reverse mechanical allodynia and small-fiber degeneration. The findings suggest that targeting CXCR4-mediated DRG nociceptor hyperexcitability could be a promising therapeutic approach for PDN.


UMLS:C0521974


UMLS:C0856984

CXCR4-mediated DRG nociceptor hyperexcitability


UMLS:C1579754

involved in the genesis and maintenance of

The paper discusses the role of neurotrophic factors in the development and maintenance of pain, particularly chronic musculoskeletal pain. It focuses on two families of neurotrophic proteins, the neurotrophins (nerve growth factor and brain-derived growth factor) and the GDNF family of ligands. These proteins have been found to have a role in the pain pathway and their effects on pain production are discussed. The paper also reviews preclinical and clinical findings, particularly in relation to osteoarthritis, as this is the most common source of chronic pain and disability.


UMLS:C1522444


UMLS:C1579754


MONDO:0005178


UMLS:C0412784


MESH:D008821

The study investigates pain-related behaviors in a murine model of classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (cEDS), a connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in COL5A1 or COL5A2 genes. The study found that Col5a1 mice, which mimic human cEDS, showed significant hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli but normal responses to thermal stimuli. Female Col5a1 mice exhibited altered climbing behavior, and both male and female Col5a1 mice vocalized more than their wild-type counterparts. The study also found decreased grip strength and abnormal organization of cutaneous nociceptors in Col5a1 mice.


MESH:D008821


MESH:D008821

Generalized sensitization of the nervous system


UMLS:C5140892

The paper discusses the chronic pain experienced by individuals with Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS), a group of heritable connective tissue disorders. The pain, which is a significant source of disability and suffering, is not adequately managed by current analgesics and treatment strategies. This is largely due to a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of pain in EDS. The paper reviews current knowledge based on clinical studies and animal models, and highlights the need for further research.


UMLS:C3516644


UMLS:C0009781


HP:0012532


MESH:D023421


UMLS:C5431835

The study found that COVID-19 patients with opioid use disorders (OUD) had higher odds of hospitalization, longer hospital stays, and higher odds of needing invasive ventilator dependence (IVD) than patients without OUD. However, there was no difference in COVID-19 mortality rates between the two groups, except for OUD patients under the age of 45, who had a higher mortality rate. OUD patients using opioid agonist treatment (OAT) or naltrexone, or those not using treatment medication, also had higher odds of hospitalization, longer stays, and higher odds of IVD, but not higher mortality rates.


UMLS:C5431835


UMLS:C1410606


UMLS:C1623734


UMLS:C0571191


UMLS:C3506436

OUD patients not using treatment medication


UMLS:C0033011

The study is designed to compare the effects of extended-release (BUP-XR) and daily sublingual (BUP-SL) buprenorphine formulations on pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD). The trial aims to determine the relative economic value of using BUP-XR and how it may improve mother and infant outcomes. The study will also evaluate the effects of prenatal exposure to BUP-XR versus BUP-SL on infant neurodevelopment.


UMLS:C0871124


UMLS:C2874959

The study examines the impact of opioid and methamphetamine co-use on health care use, housing instability, social service use, and criminal justice involvement. The data from 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health shows that adults who reported opioid and methamphetamine co-use had significantly more overnight hospital days, emergency department visits, housing instability, social service use, and criminal justice involvement compared to those who used only opioids. The study suggests that partnerships between health care, housing, social service, and criminal justice agencies are needed to develop interventions to reduce methamphetamine-related morbidity.


UMLS:C2874959


UMLS:C0841855


UMLS:C5541642

The study discusses the financial sustainability of Office-Based Opioid Treatment (OBOT) in outpatient clinics. OBOT aims to make medications for opioid use disorder, especially buprenorphine, widely available. Despite its effectiveness, the adoption of OBOT has been slow due to financial challenges. The non-billable services in a fee-for-service environment pose a challenge for providers. The feasibility of covering these costs depends on local payer policies. Small clinics may face more challenges due to the need for dedicated staff and extra administrative work. The current pandemic presents both opportunities and challenges for OBOT, with expanded access to telemedicine but also uncertainty about its durability. The reimbursement environment for OBOT varies across the US and is evolving with the introduction of alternative payment approaches by Medicare and possibly other payers.


UMLS:C2047964


UMLS:C0018717


UMLS:C3272562

The study investigates the impact of the relaxation of federal regulations for methadone take-out dosing during the COVID-19 pandemic on drug use. The results showed that the percentage of drug tests positive for opiates, benzodiazepines, and methamphetamine was higher in July 2020 than in July 2019, while the percentage of tests negative for methadone increased. The rate of positive tests was lower in 2020 for the smallest number of take-out doses, higher for a moderate number of take-out doses, and about the same for the highest number of take-out doses. The increase in positive opioid and non-opioid drug tests following the federal variance allowing more methadone take-out doses cannot be fully attributed to alterations in the take-out schedule.


UMLS:C3272562


UMLS:C3250663

Positive opioid and non-opioid drug tests


UMLS:C4698770

The study explores the variability in interpretation and implementation of federal regulations (42 CFR Part 2) that provide privacy protections for individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders in integrated health systems. The study found that while there are similar standards of protection regarding the release of information outside of the health system, numerous workarounds are used to manage communication and care coordination within the institution. Despite the intent of 42 CFR Part 2, substance-related electronic health records are often accessible internally without specific consent for sharing. Recent amendments to 42 CFR Part 2 have not addressed information sharing needs within integrated care settings.


UMLS:C0022405

struggle to balance with 42 CFR Part 2 privacy protections


UMLS:C0018763


UMLS:C4698770


UMLS:C5238823

The study found that the intensity of perceived pain is not only dependent on the intensity of the stimulus but also on the previously experienced pain. A phenomenon called offset analgesia was observed where a hot temperature applied to the skin evokes a lower subjective pain intensity if immediately preceded by a higher temperature. Similarly, a given noxious stimulus is experienced as more intense when it is preceded by an increase from a lower temperature, a phenomenon termed as onset hyperalgesia. Both offset analgesia and onset hyperalgesia are influenced by preceding temperature changes and are distinct from receptor or central sensitization.


UMLS:C0002769


UMLS:C4039711


UMLS:C3162257

Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs

The study examines the outcomes of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the United States. Despite a decrease in access to such programs in the US over the last 20 years, the VA has seen a significant increase, with accredited programs growing tenfold from 2009 to 2019. The study evaluated patient outcomes across six programs at five sites, using measures of patient-reported pain intensity, pain interference, pain catastrophizing, and sleep. The results showed significant improvements in nearly all patient-reported outcomes, with positive results despite differences in program structure and resources. The study highlights the need for increased access to comprehensive pain management approaches and suggests that a variety of structures may be effective.


UMLS:C3162257


UMLS:C0679782


UMLS:C4760029


UMLS:C0042610

The study investigates the craving of prescription opioids among veterans with chronic pain. The data was collected from 2152 veterans at a pain specialty care clinic at the San Francisco VA Health Care System. The study found that 66.4% of the veterans reported no craving for prescription opioids, while 33.6% reported craving. The craving had a small association with the daily dose of morphine equivalent and pain severity but was more strongly associated with depression.


UMLS:C0870371


UMLS:C0006560

The study investigates the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the pathophysiology of Modic type 1 changes (MC1), which are vertebral bone marrow lesions associated with low back pain. The research found increased CRP in MC1 bone marrow, which correlated with blood CRP and with bone marrow interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6. Increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in MC1 bone marrow indicated necrosis. The study concludes that the association of CRP with inflammatory and necrotic changes in MC1 bone marrow suggests a pathophysiological role of CRP in MC1 bone marrow.


UMLS:C0006560


UniProtKB:A0A100HGS1


UMLS:C0006560

Inflammatory and necrotic changes in MC1 bone marrow


UMLS:C0870371

The paper reviews the role of craving in opioid use and misuse among chronic pain patients, particularly those with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). It discusses how craving is evaluated both subjectively and objectively, and aims to develop a specific description of craving in those who use opioids for chronic pain. The ultimate goal is to understand the mechanisms linking craving to patterns of opioid misuse.


UMLS:C0430053


UMLS:C2603343

The study aimed to classify musculoskeletal pain based on underlying pain mechanisms (nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic pain) through a Delphi expert consensus. The process involved two rounds of assessment and review, with 49 international experts participating. Consensus was reached for 196 of 292 features presented, with 76 features identified as unique to each pain mechanism and 120 features shared between pairs of pain mechanisms. The study generated a list of potential features that could help discriminate between types of musculoskeletal pain.


UMLS:C4063032


UMLS:C0432072


EFO:0003843

The paper discusses the relationship between pain and emotion, which are traditionally studied and treated separately. The authors argue that there is a need for a better understanding of the bi-directional influences between these two constructs and for bridging the gap between the research and clinical communities studying pain and emotion.


EFO:0003843

is traditionally studied and treated separately by


UMLS:C5669498


UMLS:C4684598

Pain and Emotion research and clinical communities


UMLS:C3871153

The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) revised its definition of pain, which was originally established in 1979. The new definition is "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage." This revision was made after a 2-year review process by a multinational task force of 14 members with expertise in clinical and basic science related to pain. The accompanying notes to the definition were also updated.


EFO:0003843


UMLS:C0162458


MONDO:0024317

The paper proposes that difficulty with emotion regulation (ER) is a common factor that underlies the co-occurrence of chronic pain and problematic opioid use. The study found that chronic pain is associated with various ER difficulties, including emotion identification and the regulation of both positive and negative emotion. Initial evidence suggests that problematic opioid use is characterized by similar ER difficulties. The paper suggests that there is potential to improve pain-related outcomes by expanding the treatment of ER, but more research is needed to understand ER in problematic opioid use and to determine the best ER strategies for different clinical presentations and categories of problematic opioid use.


UMLS:C4062079


UMLS:C3865981


NCBIGene:4280

Sex-dependent differential expression of genes (DEGs)

The study aimed to identify sex-dependent differences in gene expression in sensory neurons of mice. The researchers found that the number of sex-dependent differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased with sensory neuron purification. The DEGs were influenced by the preparation approaches and the type of ganglion used. Female-predominant DEGs in sensory neurons were related to inflammatory, synaptic transmission, and extracellular matrix reorganization processes, which could exacerbate neuro-inflammation severity. Male-selective DEGs were linked to oxidative phosphorylation and protein/molecule metabolism and production.


UMLS:C0027883


MONDO:0003322


NCBIGene:916043


UniProtKB:Q9PSQ0

The study developed models to understand sex-dependent patterns in pain development and resolution. It was found that pain resolution is an active process, with significant transcriptional changes observed in both female and male mice. Prolactin (PRL) treatment protocols were used to induce distinct, sex-specific pain hypersensitivity resolution patterns. In both sexes, PRL-induced pain resolution was preceded by a pro-inflammatory response associated with macrophages/monocytes in the hindpaws. However, in females, the absence of a peripheral inflammatory response led to persistent PRL-induced pain.


GO:0006954


UMLS:C0086287

persistent in absence of peripheral inflammatory response


UMLS:C4715481

The study aimed to identify predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following traumatic stress exposure (TSE), specifically motor vehicle collisions (MVC). The study found that 25% of individuals reported PTSS 6 months after MVC. The top predictors of PTSS included acute pain severity, recovery expectations, socioeconomic status, self-reported race, and psychological symptoms. These predictors can be identified and used to estimate the risk of future PTSS at the time of emergency department presentation following TSE.


NCIT:C27003


UMLS:C0683261


UMLS:C0086996


UMLS:C5707708


UMLS:C0520684


UMLS:C2603343

aims to identify subtypes of patients with

The study aimed to identify subtypes of patients with opioid misuse and examine the distinctions between the subtypes by examining patient characteristics, topic models from clinical notes, and clinical outcomes. The study identified four subtypes of patients with opioid misuse using latent class analysis (LCA) and electronic health record (EHR) data. The subtypes were characterized by high hospital utilization with known opioid-related conditions, illicit use with low socioeconomic status and psychoses, alcohol use disorders with complications, and low hospital utilization with incidental opioid misuse. The study found that the highest hospital outcomes for each subtype were readmission for the first subtype, discharge against medical advice for the second subtype, and in-hospital death for the third and fourth subtypes.


UMLS:C4263873


UMLS:C0949003


UMLS:C2065311

The Substance Use Intervention Team (SUIT) was launched at an academic health center in Chicago to address opioid misuse. The study assessed the first 5 months of implementation and its association with patient health and healthcare utilization. The study found that patients with a secondary diagnosis of substance use disorder who received a SUIT consult had a shorter average length of stay and lower 30-day readmission rate. The intervention helped identify an at-risk population and treat new cases of opioid and substance misuse.


UMLS:C0030705

Substance Use Intervention Team (SUIT) consult


UMLS:C0183916


UMLS:C0281163

new cases of opioid and substance misuse


UMLS:C0026336

The study proposes two solutions to ensure the removal of protected health information (PHI) from electronic health records (EHR) when identifying opioid misuse. The first solution is to map documents to a standardized medical vocabulary, eliminating PHI as inputs to a machine learning model. The second solution is to train character-based machine learning models that do not require a dictionary containing input words/n-grams. The study found that machine learning models with concept unique identifier (CUI) codes performed similarly to n-gram models with PHI. The top performing models had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) greater than 0.90 and included CUI codes as inputs to a convolutional neural network, max pooling network, and logistic regression model. The study shares a PHI-free, trained opioid misuse classifier for other researchers and health systems to use and benchmark to overcome privacy and security concerns.


UMLS:C1548803


UMLS:C1707476


UMLS:C0598938


UMLS:C2092062

The paper presents an analysis of the use of antipsychotics in young children (aged 2-7 years) in the United States from 2009 to 2017. The study found that the use of these drugs decreased over this period, with a shift towards medications that align with evidence-based standards. The most common conditions for which antipsychotics were used included pervasive developmental disorders, externalizing disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, less than half of the children on these drugs had a visit with a psychiatrist, and only a third had evidence of a minimum dose of psychotherapy. The authors call for strengthening the use of existing treatment guidelines and expanding access to evidence-based mental health care for children.


UMLS:C3242656


UMLS:C0935576


UMLS:C1444363


UMLS:C4305329

The study aimed to examine the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive training (CT) as a treatment for children with ADHD. The study found no significant differences between the group receiving tDCS and the control group receiving sham-tDCS. Both groups showed significant improvement on questionnaire measures of ADHD and executive function. Adverse effects were mild, but three children in the tDCS group experienced headaches. The study concluded that anodal tDCS to the DLPFC did not demonstrate additional treatment benefits beyond that of CT.


UMLS:C0870303


UMLS:C4305329


UMLS:C4067589

The study investigates the use of wearable accelerometry to detect restlessness, a symptom of opioid withdrawal, in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). The study involved 23 patients with OUD who were undergoing active withdrawal. The patients were subjected to opioid cues to elicit craving and non-invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation (nVNS) to reduce withdrawal symptoms. The results showed that patients who demonstrated single-frequency oscillation patterns in their motion almost exclusively showed an increase in withdrawal severity, as measured by the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS). The study concludes that accelerometry could be used to indicate the increased intensity of a patient's withdrawal symptoms.


UMLS:C0441677


UMLS:C2350432


MONDO:0100096

The study discusses the indirect effects of COVID-19 pandemic response measures, such as physical distancing and quarantine, on people living with opioid use disorder. The measures could potentially impact mental health, drug supply availability, drug usage methods, treatment-seeking behaviors, and retention in care. The study uses simulation modeling to demonstrate the potential impact of physical distancing on overdose mortality.


UMLS:C5392135


NCBIGene:855653

The study investigates the role of Slc7a5 (Lat1), a system L-neutral amino acid transporter, in chronic neuropathic pain. The research found that Slc7a5 is expressed in neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn, which are critical to the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain. The study also found that blocking Slc7a5 with the drug JPH203 alleviated allodynia in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. The results suggest that Slc7a5 is dysregulated in chronic neuropathic pain and can be targeted to provide relief of hypersensitivity.


UMLS:C3852702


NCBIGene:855653


MESH:C000723865

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP)

The study investigates the effects of a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, ELB00824, on chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) caused by oxaliplatin treatment in mice. The results show that ELB00824 can reduce pain, neuronal hypersensitivity, and oxidative stress induced by oxaliplatin without causing motor discoordination, sedation, addiction, or reducing the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin.


MESH:C000723865


UMLS:C0869903

The paper presents a systematic review and guideline on neuroablative procedures for treating cancer pain. The review, which covered literature from 1980 to April 2019, found that neuroablative procedures may be an option for treating patients with refractory cancer pain. The study identified four clinical scenarios where these procedures could be used: unilateral somatic nociceptive/neuropathic body cancer pain, craniofacial cancer pain, midline subdiaphragmatic visceral cancer pain, and disseminated cancer pain. The evidence for these scenarios was graded as Class II and III. Serious adverse events were reported in some studies, but were relatively uncommon.


UMLS:C0869903


UMLS:C0869903

Unilateral somatic nociceptive/neuropathic body cancer pain


UMLS:C0869903

Midline subdiaphragmatic visceral cancer pain


UMLS:C1518963

The study examined the effectiveness of neuromodulation in treating chronic pelvic pain. Over a period of 7 years, 233 patients were referred to the study, with 153 enrolled. Of these, 55 had neuropathic pain, 44 of whom were managed medically while 11 underwent neuromodulation. The results showed that 45.5% of the neuromodulation cohort were classified as responders, compared to 26.6% in the control cohort. The neuromodulation patients also showed significant improvement in their Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale Rumination.


UMLS:C1518963


UMLS:C0600393

The study developed a common peroneal nerve injury (CPNI) model in domestic swine to study neuropathic pain. The model was validated through behavioral outcomes, thermal sensitivity assessments, and social and motor scoring. The study found that CPNI induced mechanical and thermal allodynia and increased pain behavior. Demyelination of the nerve was confirmed through histological assessment. The authors suggest that this swine model, which closely resembles human anatomy, will aid in translating experimental treatments to clinical trials.


UMLS:C0161470


UMLS:C0011304


UMLS:C1552489

Residential substance use treatment program

The study aimed to understand the prevalence of Covid-19 in a residential substance use treatment program in Boston. Universal testing was performed on both staff and residents of the program. The results showed that 27% of residents and 44% of staff tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. All positive cases among residents were found in the same residential unit. Based on the test results, residents were grouped by infection status and continued to receive addiction treatment on-site. The study suggests that universal testing in such settings can help reduce further transmission of the virus.


UMLS:C5141508


UMLS:C0259967


UMLS:C5392882


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095

The study found that access to methadone, a treatment for opioid use disorder, was more restricted in the US compared to Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted from May to June 2020 across clinics in 14 US states and territories and 3 Canadian provinces. The results showed that more than 1 in 10 methadone clinics were not accepting new patients, with 44% of these clinics attributing this to the pandemic. The average wait time for the first appointment was longer in the US than in Canada. The study suggests that the US needs to change its opioid treatment program model to improve access and that adopting an open-access model could help.


MONDO:0100096


UMLS:C0871167


UMLS:C0238884


UMLS:C4039227


UMLS:C5389743

The study examined the impact of the March 2020 New York State (NYS) SARS-CoV-2 emergency orders on the dispensing of opioids and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). The study found a significant decline in the dispensing of non-MOUD opioids from 21 March to 17 April 2020, largely due to a drop in prescriptions of ≤ 7 days. However, the dispensing of MOUD did not show a noticeable drop during the period of the emergency orders. The study suggests that the emergency orders were associated with a decline in dispensing of opioids not used as MOUD, while access to MOUD was likely unaffected due to policy initiatives by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.


UMLS:C5389743

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)


UMLS:C0183916

The study aimed to reduce the risk of epidural hematoma, a complication of neuraxial analgesia, by developing an electronic alert in the medical record system. This alert was designed to help medical providers adhere to guidelines for neuraxial analgesia and anticoagulation. The data collected showed a 61% decrease in the number of days patients were exposed to inappropriate doses of anticoagulation after the alert was implemented. The administration of unapproved antithrombotic medications was also significantly reduced.


UMLS:C0183916


UMLS:C0235136

The study examined the impact of depression treatment on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with arthritis and depression. The majority of the participants were on antidepressants only, while others received psychotherapy with or without antidepressants, and some received no treatment. The results showed that adults using only antidepressants had slightly higher physical component summary scores compared to those receiving no depression treatment. However, there were no significant associations between depression treatment categories and mental component summary scores. The study concluded that HRQoL was not significantly affected by depression treatment in adults with coexisting arthritis and depression.


UMLS:C0741233


UMLS:C2874959


UMLS:C1579362


UMLS:C5554349

The study investigates the biomechanical changes in the lumbar spine during short duration, static trunk bending tasks. It was found that lumbar flexion and lumbar passive moment increased significantly during the 40 seconds of trunk bending. Lumbar and abdominal muscle activities were reduced in most conditions. The study suggests that during these tasks, loading shifts from active to passive lumbar tissues, which can reduce lumbar muscle fatigue but may introduce lumbar passive tissue creep due to prolonged or repetitive exposure.


UMLS:C5439258


UMLS:C0347472


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:23994

The study reveals that zinc, a transition metal, can significantly reduce neuropathic pain caused by the chemotherapy drug, paclitaxel, in both male and female mice. This pain relief is dependent on the function of TRPV1, a protein. Zinc inhibits the function of TRPV1, which is involved in the sensitization of peripheral nociceptors in chemotherapy. The study also found that zinc transporters, not TRPA1, are required for zinc-induced inhibition of TRPV1-dependent chronic neuropathic pain. This research provides insight into the pain-soothing effect of zinc and suggests that zinc could be developed into a treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:23994


UMLS:C1608304

TRPV1-dependent chronic neuropathic pain


UMLS:C0842499

Postoperative opioid prescription guidelines

The study found significant changes in the usage of pain medication after the implementation of postoperative opioid prescription guidelines in a single hospital.


UMLS:C0842499


UMLS:C1276417

The study aimed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using low-cost virtual reality (VR) technology as a distraction method during routine burn care. Ten adult patients used VR during their burn care dressing changes in an outpatient clinic setting. Both patients and providers completed satisfaction surveys and interviews after the procedure. The results from both perspectives supported the feasibility and utility of applying low-cost VR technology in this setting.


UMLS:C5545899


UMLS:C1855413


UMLS:C4714490


UMLS:C0080055

The study investigates the role of p53 in Fanconi anemia (FA), a bone marrow failure syndrome. The research shows that p53, when overactive, has a significant effect on the proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in mice lacking the FA gene Fanca. The deletion of p53 in these mice leads to the exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in transplant recipients. The study suggests that p53 plays a compensatory role in preventing FA HSCs from exhaustion and advises caution in manipulating p53 signaling as a therapeutic utility in FA.


UMLS:C4730506


UMLS:C1155839


UMLS:C0080055


UMLS:C3503848

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)

The study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine brain activation and connectivity in 12 patients with dentin hypersensitivity before, during, and after experiencing clinical pain. The pain was triggered by 20 consecutive cold stimulations to the affected teeth. The study found that patients' clinical pain experience can be predicted by their baseline functional connectivity between the somatosensory cortex (S1) and prefrontal cortices (PFC), as well as their sequence of ongoing hemodynamic responses. The study also found that the pain experience had immediate after-effects on the patients' brain connectivity, even after the clinical pain had ceased.


MONDO:0004059


UMLS:C2350432


UMLS:C3896579

Baseline functional connectivity between S1 and PFC


UMLS:C3839171


NCBIGene:1487335

The study investigates the effects of variants in 11 genes on the dropout rate and dose in patients receiving methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone for opioid dependence treatment. The study found that the genotype for 5-HTTLPR in the SLC6A4 gene was associated with dropout rate. Additionally, SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR) and COMT (Val158Met; rs4860) had significant associations with dropout rate in methadone patients. However, none of the genes analyzed were associated with the mean dose of methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone. The study suggests that patients with certain genotypes may require additional treatment to improve their chances of completing addiction treatment.


UMLS:C5380628


UMLS:C3149029

SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR) and COMT (Val158Met; rs4860)


UMLS:C4554368

Patients with the S/S genotype at 5-HTTLPR in SLC6A4 or the Val/Val genotype at Val158Met in COMT


UMLS:C3484293

The paper discusses the role of mast cells in neurogenic inflammation, which leads to pain and itch. Mast cells release mediators that communicate with nociceptors on sensory nerve fibers, causing these fibers to release inflammatory and vasoactive neuropeptides. This activates mast cells in a feedback mechanism, promoting a cycle of mast cell and nociceptor activation that leads to neurogenic inflammation and pain/itch. The paper also discusses how the microenvironment influences mast cell differentiation, activation, and interactions with other systems. The specific mediators released by mast cells can vary depending on various factors, including location, stimuli, underlying pathology, gender, and species. The paper reviews the contribution of mast cells in conditions such as pruritus exacerbated by psychological stress, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and different pain syndromes due to mastocytosis, sickle cell disease, and cancer.


UMLS:C3484293


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:4095

The study investigates the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes on the metabolism and pharmacodynamics of methadone, a synthetic opioid. The research found that SNPs in certain CYP genes can alter methadone metabolism and pharmacodynamics, leading to changes in plasma concentrations and clearance of the drug. In particular, carriers of the CYP2B6*6/*6 variant may have a higher risk of adverse effects due to decreased methadone metabolism and clearance. Understanding the role of these SNPs can improve the therapeutic use of methadone and contribute to personalized medicine.


UMLS:C4746538

Methadone metabolism and pharmacodynamics


UMLS:C3850049


NCBIGene:1977

The research paper discusses the role of eIF4E phosphorylation in the plasticity of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which promotes pain. The study shows that the phosphorylation of eIF4E is crucial for Bdnf mRNA translation in the DRG. In mice lacking eIF4E phosphorylation, Bdnf mRNA translation is reduced and pro-nociceptive factors fail to increase BDNF protein levels in the DRGs. However, when BDNF is directly injected into these mice, a strong hyperalgesic priming response is observed. The study concludes that eIF4E phosphorylation-mediated translational control of BDNF expression is a key mechanism for nociceptor plasticity leading to hyperalgesic priming.


NCBIGene:627


UMLS:C0021896


REACT:R-HSA-156827

eIF4E phosphorylation-mediated translational control of BDNF expression

nociceptor plasticity leading to hyperalgesic priming


UMLS:C0070094

The study investigates the role of Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) in causing chronic pain associated with bone-metastasized cancers. PTHrP, which is highly expressed in bone-metastasized breast and prostate cancers, was found to induce heat and mechanical hypersensitivity. This hypersensitivity is dependent on the transient receptor potential channel family vanilloid, member-1 (TRPV1), but not on TRPV4 and TRPA1 ion channels. The study suggests that PTHrP/PTH1-mediated activation of TRPV1 channel contributes to the development and maintenance of peripheral mechanical pain hypersensitivity, and could be a mechanism for nociceptor sensitization in the context of metastatic bone cancer pain.


UMLS:C4507300

Transient receptor potential channel family vanilloid, member-1 (TRPV1)


UMLS:C4507300

Type-1 parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1)


UMLS:C4507300

dependent on downstream phosphorylation by


UMLS:C3823446

PTHrP/PTH1-mediated activation of TRPV1 channel

peripheral mechanical pain hypersensitivity

contributes to the development and maintenance of


UMLS:C0687734

The study conducted RNA-sequencing on human dorsal root ganglia (hDRG) samples from organ donors and compared the results with data from human and mouse tissues. The research identified around 140 hDRG-enriched protein-coding genes, some of which were previously unknown in the context of DRG or pain signaling. The majority of these genes showed conserved enrichment in mouse DRG, suggesting that mouse DRG is a reliable model for studying hDRG. The study also suggested the trafficking of neuronal mRNA to axons in adult hDRG. The findings provide insights into DRG biology and can guide the development of new therapeutics.


UMLS:C3839127


UMLS:C0086287

The study examined the relationship between the 2011 American College of Rheumatology fibromyalgia (FM) survey criteria and quantitative sensory testing (QST) in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The study found that in females, FM scores significantly correlated with pressure pain sensitivity, indicating that increased sensitivity was associated with greater FM severity. As FM scores increased, the association between pain sensitivity at the surgical knee and pain sensitivity at remote body sites also increased. No such relationship was observed in males. The results suggest that the FM survey criteria may represent a marker of pain centralization in females.


UMLS:C0237855

Pain sensitivity at the surgical knee and remote body sites


UMLS:C0498027


UMLS:C0030705

The study identifies the leading predictors for transitioning to chronic opioid therapy among working-age adults without cancer. The study found that the transition to chronic opioid therapy was 1.3% and pain-specific diagnoses were documented for only one-third of patients. The four leading predictors of chronic opioid therapy were opioid duration of action, the parent opioid compound, the presence of conditions that are very likely to cause chronic pain, and drug use disorders. The initial opioid regimen's characteristics are powerful predictors of chronic opioid therapy.


UMLS:C2986218


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:76968531


UMLS:C0851542


UMLS:C0013222


UMLS:C0150703

The study investigates the impact of Ohio House Bill 341, which mandated the use of Ohio's Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP), on the dispensing of opioids and benzodiazepines. The data analysis from November 2014 to March 2017 showed a significant decrease in the monthly quantity of opioids and benzodiazepines dispensed after the bill became effective in April 2015. However, there was a slight increase in the mean days' supply of opioids and no change in the mean morphine equivalent dose. The study concludes that the legislation was effective in reducing the quantity of opioids and benzodiazepines dispensed.


UMLS:C4537649

Ohio's Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP)


UMLS:C4537649


UMLS:C0080055

The study reveals that low levels of the p53 protein enhance the proliferation of leukemic stem cells in Fanconi anemia (FA) patients. However, increasing p53 protein levels using a small molecule called Nutlin-3 can reduce leukemia burden in mice. This suggests that the level of p53 protein plays a significant role in FA leukemogenesis.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:216345


UMLS:C0080055