RXCUI:1551466

The study compared the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) in reducing drinking among outpatients receiving treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). The results showed that both treatments reduced drinking, but there was no significant difference between the two. The hypothesis that XR-NTX would be superior to BUP-NX in reducing drinking was not supported.


UMLS:C1169989


RXCUI:1551466


UMLS:C3871328

The study explores the feasibility and acceptability of using a mobile health (mHealth) platform to electronically collect patient reported outcomes (PROs) from emergency department (ED) patients with non-medical opioid use. The study found that 78% of eligible patients consented to participate, and 95% of those completed registration in the mHealth platform. However, there were several implementation challenges, including limited access to smartphones/computers, forgotten emails and passwords, and complaints about hospital care. Despite these challenges, the study found that ED patients with opioid use disorder were willing to share electronic health information and PROs. However, more than half of the participants were lost to follow-up after hospital discharge at 30 days.


UMLS:C3871328


UMLS:C0033137

The study explores the perceptions of primary care clinicians towards a Clinical Decision Support (CDS) system designed to identify and manage Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). The study found that primary care is the right place to address OUD, and that both clinician-patient and clinician-clinician relationships affect how OUD is addressed. The main challenges identified were limited time and competing priorities. The CDS system was seen as potentially helpful, but it needs to be simple to use and meet different needs for different clinicians and clinical situations. For optimal benefit, the CDS needs to be complemented by supportive organizational policies and systems as well as local clinician encouragement.


UMLS:C0032804

The paper reviews the impact of the opioid epidemic on women, noting increased rates of use and overdose deaths. It highlights the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders and suicide among women with opioid use disorder. The paper emphasizes the need for expanding medication treatment for perinatal opioid use disorder and points out the lack of accessibility to effective treatments. It calls for innovative multi-systemic solutions to end the opioid epidemic and identifies gaps in preventing rising death rates among women due to opioid overdose, treating co-occurring psychiatric disorders and pain, and treating perinatal women with opioid use disorder and their infants. The paper also calls for research on sex and gender differences, and the intersection with race/ethnicity and US region.


UMLS:C3647215


UMLS:C3647215

Perinatal women with opioid use disorder


UMLS:C5197712


UMLS:C0035168


UMLS:C3647215

The study investigates how craving influences the decisions of people with opioid use disorder to pursue drugs over other valuable and healthier alternatives. The study found that individuals with higher cravings had higher drug-related valuation. During moments of increased opioid craving, participants were willing to pay more for items and foods closely related to their drug use, but not for other desirable options. This increase in value with craving was greater when the drug-related options were offered in higher quantities. The findings suggest that craving narrows and focuses economic motivation towards the object of craving by selectively amplifying perceived value along a "drug relatedness" dimension.


UMLS:C0872355


UMLS:C5392141

The study uses a national emergency medicine registry to analyze trends in emergency department (ED) visits for substance use disorders (SUDs) from 2019 to 2021. The findings show that while overall ED visits declined during the early pandemic period and had not returned to 2019 levels by June 2021, ED visits for SUDs showed smaller declines and even increased above baseline for opioid use disorder (OUD) since May 2020. This suggests the crucial role of EDs in providing care for people with SUDs and mental health conditions, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:11811155

care for people with SUDs and mental health conditions


MONDO:0012292

The study evaluated the cost of Hepatitis C (HCV) care facilitation for HIV/HCV co-infected individuals with substance use disorder. The average site start-up cost was $6320, primarily consisting of training. The mean weekly cost per participant was $450, but it decreased to $110 when applying a weekly caseload of 10 participants per care facilitator. No significant differences were found in other healthcare service costs between participants in the intervention and control arms. No healthcare cost offsets were identified during the trial period.


UMLS:C0150267


UMLS:C0679646


UMLS:C4067589

The study explores the experiences and perspectives of patients with untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) who have visited emergency departments (EDs). The study found that these patients often feel stigmatized and their pain and medical problems are minimized by ED staff. The ED is not seen as a source of OUD treatment initiation and patient readiness to initiate treatment is multifaceted, time sensitive, and related to internal and external patient factors. The study suggests that strategies to address stigma, acknowledge and treat pain, and provide ED staff training should be implemented to improve ED care for patients with OUD and enhance access to life-saving treatment.


UMLS:C4067589


NCBIGene:33619


UMLS:C0871219

is multifaceted, time sensitive, and related to internal and external patient factors


UMLS:C0512818

Stigma, pain treatment, and ED staff training


UMLS:C4716325

The paper reviews the relationship between substance use disorders (SUD) and trauma in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals. The study found that rates of lifetime trauma exposure varied from 21 to 98% and were correlated with increased rates of SUDs. A dose response of traumatic events also increased the likelihood of an SUD among reservation-based AI populations. Cultural factors such as traditional healing and cultural identity aided in recovery from SUD and trauma, while social stressors like boarding school attendance, discrimination, and historical loss were also significant. The study calls for further research to culturally tailor, implement, and validate PTSD and SUD assessments and treatments.


UMLS:C0814544

Traditional healing and cultural identity


UMLS:C0237484

Boarding school attendance, discrimination, historical loss


UMLS:C0871685

The study investigates whether clinicians who attended x-waiver training went on to obtain an x-waiver and prescribe Buprenorphine medication treatment for opioid use disorder (B-MOUD). The survey found that two-thirds of clinicians with prescribing credentials had obtained their x-waiver and one-third were prescribing B-MOUD nine months after x-waiver training. The main barriers to prescribing B-MOUD were a lack of supporting clinical staff and competing demands on time, while leadership support was the primary facilitator.


UMLS:C0871685


UMLS:C0523509


UMLS:C0200237


RXCUI:1551466

The study compared the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and treatment as usual (TAU) with buprenorphine or methadone in patients with HIV and opioid use disorder. The results showed that the rate of viral suppression was similar for both treatments. However, non-inferiority could not be demonstrated due to the lower confidence limit of the risk ratio not exceeding the pre-specified margin. The secondary outcome of past 30-day opioid use was also comparable for both treatments. However, among those who initiated medication, XR-NTX resulted in fewer days of opioid use compared to TAU.


RXCUI:1551466


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study aimed to identify opioid-related phenotypes in the emergency department (ED) using electronic health record data. The researchers used a hybrid scheme that combined modified Delphi and conceptual mapping methods to achieve consensus around opioid-related phenotype topics. After three rounds of electronic meetings and questionnaires, 120 initial phenotype concepts were proposed, which were reduced to 73 after normalization. Opioid overdose had the highest combined importance and feasibility score. The final 12-cluster solution identified three key groups: opioid overdose, other opioid-specific phenotypes (opioid use disorder, opioid misuse, and opioid withdrawal), and opioid use-related phenotypes (homelessness, falls, infections, and suicidality).


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


NCBIGene:5173

The study aimed to identify genetic markers in the prodynorphin (PDYN) gene that could influence the therapeutic response to buprenorphine/naloxone treatment for cocaine dependence. The study found that certain genetic variants in the PDYN gene were associated with a better response to treatment, with fewer cocaine-positive urine tests. This suggests that these PDYN variants could be used to identify patients who would respond best to this treatment.


UMLS:C1969693

associated with fewer cocaine-positive urines


UMLS:C1257891


UMLS:C4324621

The study aimed to develop a standard set of outcomes for evaluating treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD). A panel of 25 experts, including clinical practitioners, researchers, and administrative staff, used a four-round e-Delphi consensus method to rank 24 candidate items in four domains. After the fourth round and subsequent discussion, consensus was reached for five outcomes: two patient-reported (global impression of improvement and incident non-fatal overdose), one clinician-reported (illicit/non-medical drug toxicology), and two from administrative records (duration of treatment and fatal opioid poisoning). This resulted in the creation of the OUD-COS (version 1) for OUD treatment efficacy and effectiveness research.


UMLS:C4706354


UMLS:C0020896


UMLS:C2076655


UMLS:C0030705

The study investigates the risk of alcohol use among patients who are dispensed opioid medications from community pharmacies. The study found that 18.1% of the participants reported weekly drinking and 6.8% reported daily drinking. A total of 9.6% of participants reported moderate to high-risk drinking. The study identified that males, those with higher pain interference, history of overdose, sedative use, and tobacco use had an increased likelihood of moderate to high-risk alcohol use. The study emphasizes the need for further research and clinical service development to improve patient safety and address the current opioid epidemic.


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C0086582


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study analyzed the effects of buprenorphine dosage and therapeutic engagement on illicit opiate use in opioid use disorder treatment. The data was derived from six buprenorphine efficacy and safety trials. The study found that higher doses of buprenorphine and greater engagement of patients with providers and clinic staff were associated with reduced illicit opiate use.


UMLS:C3508152


UMLS:C1257972

The paper discusses the potential of data science in improving the retention rates of Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD). It suggests that using big data from various sources and applying machine learning techniques can help individualize patient care. The paper proposes a three-pronged approach to maximize the utility of data science: increasing funding for data science research for OUD, integrating data from multiple sources, and applying multiple data science approaches with integrated big data.


UMLS:C4704779


UMLS:C5229749


UMLS:C4067589

The study examined the prevalence of depression in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and their response to treatment with buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) or extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX). At the start of the study, 14.2% of patients had moderate/severe depression and 34.9% had mild depression. After 4 weeks of treatment, about two-thirds of patients with depression either responded or remitted, with no significant differences between the two treatment groups. However, those with moderate/severe depression were less likely to remit compared to those with mild depression. Those who remitted at week 4 had a lower risk of relapse to opioids, although not significantly different. The study concludes that depression is common in OUD patients and often remits after treatment initiation, but when it does not, it may be associated with worse opioid use outcomes.


UMLS:C0235136


UMLS:C5574470

Patients with moderate/severe depression


UMLS:C3173859


UMLS:C1704312

play an important role in screening/identification, mitigation, and referral to treatment

The study compared attitudes, self-efficacy, and practices related to opioid risk assessment and mitigation among health care professionals (HCPs) who provide care to pregnant and non-pregnant patients in rural communities. The study found that attitudes towards patients with opioid misuse were similar among both groups of HCPs. However, among HCPs who provide care to pregnant patients, positive attitudes were associated with more frequent use of opioid risk assessment and mitigation practices. The study suggests that training initiatives that improve HCP attitudes could enhance opioid care management among rural HCPs who provide care to pregnant patients.


UMLS:C1704312

Opioid risk assessment and mitigation practices


UMLS:C0872279


UMLS:C0234762

The study aimed to develop a model to accurately screen for substance misuse using natural language processing (NLP) on clinical notes from electronic health records (EHR). The model was trained on a dataset from Rush University Medical Center and validated using data from Loyola University Medical Center. The model was able to accurately identify alcohol misuse, opioid misuse, or non-opioid drug misuse with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.97. The model showed good calibration and face validity, with a false-negative rate of 0.18-0.19 and a false-positive rate of 0.03 between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White groups.


UMLS:C2123026


UMLS:C3161035


UMLS:C3161035

Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White groups

has false-negative and false-positive rates between


UMLS:C0304227

The study developed and implemented a prescription opioid registry across 10 diverse health systems in the US, tracking trends from 2012 to 2018. The registry includes over 6 million patients and 40 million outpatient opioid fills. The data showed a decline in opioid fills from 0.718 per member-year in 2013 to 0.478 in 2018, and a decrease in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) per fill from 985 MMEs in 2012 to 758 MMEs in 2018. The registry will be used for future studies on prescription opioid use.


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C0304227


UMLS:C0086287

The study aimed to understand the prevalence of mental disorders and non-nicotine substance use disorders among male and female primary care patients with opioid use disorder in the U.S. The data was collected from 2014-2016 from six health systems. The study found that females and males had a similar prevalence of opioid use disorder. However, comorbid mental disorders were more prevalent among females, while comorbid other substance use disorders were more common among males. These differences were also observed among those receiving medication treatment for opioid use disorder. The study concluded that there is a high rate of comorbid conditions among patients with opioid use disorder, indicating a need for adequate resources for integrated opioid use disorder treatment.


UMLS:C0086582


UMLS:C0033137


UMLS:C0562508

The paper discusses the implementation of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder in emergency departments (ED) across four diverse academic medical centers. Despite the American College of Emergency Physicians' recommendations for the use of buprenorphine, there are still barriers to its implementation. The paper describes the unique models used in each center, including screening, treatment initiation, referral, and follow-up. The success of these programs was facilitated by factors such as information technology, electronic medical record integration, hospital-level support, strong connections with outpatient partners, and quality improvement processes.


UMLS:C3826744

Screening, Treatment initiation, Referral, Follow-up


UMLS:C0680229

Information technology, Electronic medical record integration, Hospital-level support, Outpatient partners, Quality improvement processes


UMLS:C0679782

The study aimed to understand the prevalence of polysubstance use in individuals undergoing treatment for opioid use disorder and its impact on treatment outcomes. The study found that polysubstance use was not generally associated with treatment outcomes of opioid relapse and craving. However, the use of sedatives before treatment and during the initial weeks of treatment was associated with an increased likelihood of opioid relapse and craving. The use of cocaine during the initial weeks of treatment was also associated with an increased likelihood of opioid relapse, but this association was not significant when the potential of confounding by opioid use was considered.


UMLS:C0679782


UMLS:C0812393

The study aimed to identify and characterize subphenotypes of emergency department patients with opioid-related encounters. Using a latent class analysis of over 14 million opioid-related encounters from 2016-2017, five subphenotypes were identified: Chronic pain, Alcohol use, Depression and pain, Psychosis, liver disease, and polysubstance use, and Pregnancy. The highest odds for hospitalization were found in the Depression and pain, and Psychosis, liver disease, and polysubstance use classes. The latter also had the highest odds for in-hospital death. The median emergency department charges ranged from $2177 to $2881. These subphenotypes can be used to tailor treatment approaches for this patient population.


UMLS:C4290106

Psychosis, liver disease, and polysubstance use


MONDO:0024317

The study developed and tested a new 5-step framework to improve communication about chronic pain and opioids between primary care clinicians and patients. The intervention was tested using standardized patient instructors during regular clinic hours. The intervention did not significantly change primary or secondary outcomes, except for clinician self-efficacy, which was significantly higher in the intervention group. The study suggests that more intensive or multicomponent interventions may be needed to significantly impact clinicians' pain-related communication and pain outcomes.


UMLS:C0281163


UMLS:C3646509

Persons with co-occurring pain and substance use disorder

The paper discusses the position of the American Society for Pain Management Nursing and the International Nurses Society on Addictions on the treatment of individuals with co-existing pain and substance use disorder. It emphasizes the need for a dignified, respectful, and evidence-based approach that integrates assessment and management of both conditions. Non-opioid and nonpharmacological methods are recommended for pain management. However, opioids should not be denied if necessary for pain relief. A team-based approach involving pain and addiction specialists is advised. Pain management should also aim to minimize the risk of relapse or escalation of problematic substance use. The patient and their support persons should be actively involved in the care plan. Institutions are encouraged to establish policies and procedures that support this position.


UMLS:C0002766

Non-opioid and nonpharmacological methods


UMLS:C0242402

should not be withheld if necessary to treat


UMLS:C0002766

Relapse or escalation of problematic substance use


UMLS:C0442681


UMLS:C4330456

The study examined the role of suicidality as a predictor of overdose in individuals with substance use disorder (SUD). The research involved 2541 participants across eight multi-site clinical trials. The study found that suicidality, as measured by the Concise Health Risk Tracking Self-Report (CHRT-SR), was associated with overdose events. The likelihood of overdose increased as the CHRT-SR score increased. Participants with a history of heroin use were more likely to overdose. The study suggests that suicide risk reduction should be integrated into strategies to prevent overdose deaths.


UMLS:C0033137

The study examined the impact of Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) telementoring on the prescribing of buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder (OUD), by primary care clinicians in Minnesota. The results showed that clinicians who underwent ECHO training were more likely to obtain a DATA-waiver (required to prescribe buprenorphine) and prescribe buprenorphine to patients with OUD compared to those who did not participate in ECHO sessions.


UMLS:C0033137


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


MESH:C488259

The paper discusses a clinical trial designed to improve the identification and treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in primary care. The trial involves a shared decision-making (OUD-SDM) system that alerts primary care clinicians (PCCs) and patients to the risk of OUD and supports screening and treatment. The system provides guidance on OUD screening, diagnosis, treatment selection, and screening for common comorbid conditions. The trial, which started in April 2021 and continues through December 2023, involves PCCs and patients in 90 clinics. The results are expected in 2024.


UMLS:C5679368

provides guidance on starting and maintaining patients on


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C0030705

The study compared patients in clinics participating and not participating in the PRimary care Opioid Use Disorders treatment (PROUD) trial. The analysis found that patients were generally similar in both types of clinics, although patients in trial clinics were slightly younger, more likely to be Hispanic/Latinx, less likely to be white, more likely to have Medicaid/subsidized insurance, and lived in less wealthy neighborhoods. No significant differences were observed in baseline measures of trial primary and secondary outcomes, suggesting that trial clinics were representative of comparably sized clinics within the same health systems.


UMLS:C0871167


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:46877713

The study investigates the potential of methocinnamox (MCAM), a mu-opioid receptor antagonist, as a treatment for opioid abuse. The research was conducted on rhesus monkeys, who were given heroin, cocaine, or a choice between food and the mu-opioid receptor agonist remifentanil. The results showed that MCAM decreased the monkeys' response to heroin and their choice of remifentanil over food, with these effects lasting for several days. MCAM did not affect the monkeys' response to cocaine or food, nor did it impact their heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, or activity. The study suggests that MCAM could be a safe and effective alternative to current treatments for opioid abuse.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:46877713


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:46877713

The study investigates the effects of Methocinnamox (MCAM), a novel opioid receptor antagonist, on the respiratory-depressant effects of heroin in monkeys. The results show that MCAM can prevent and reverse the respiratory depression caused by heroin for a longer duration than currently used opioid receptor antagonists like naloxone and naltrexone. This suggests that MCAM could be more effective in treating opioid overdose due to its sustained effects.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515


UMLS:C0687734

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method

The study developed and validated an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for quantifying ten key alkaloids in Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a plant used for self-treatment of pain and opioid addiction. The method was applied to various kratom products and extracts, identifying mitragynine, paynantheine, speciociliatine, and speciogynine as the major alkaloids. Minor alkaloids were also quantified, but mitraphylline was below the lower limit of quantification in all analyses.


UMLS:C0872318

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method


UMLS:C1197867


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:46877713

The study investigates the effects of methocinnamox (MCAM), a µ-opioid receptor antagonist, on the behavioral effects of opioids in rats. The results show that MCAM can attenuate the antinociceptive effects of morphine and fentanyl, but not spiradoline. It also blocks the effects of morphine on sensitivity to mechanical stimulation and gastrointestinal motility. The antagonist effects of MCAM were found to be long-lasting, persisting for 2 weeks or more. Despite its sustained antagonist effects, the duration of withdrawal precipitated by MCAM is not different from that precipitated by naloxone. This suggests that MCAM could be particularly effective for treating opioid abuse and overdose.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:137321165

The study investigates the potential of NFP, a MOR/KOR dual-selective opioid antagonist, in treating opioid use disorder. The research found that NFP significantly antagonized the antinociceptive effects of morphine with lesser withdrawal effects than naloxone. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that NFP could antagonize DAMGO-induced calcium flux and etorphine-induced MOR internalization. Unlike opioid agonists DAMGO and morphine, cells pretreated with NFP did not show apparent desensitization and down regulation of the MOR. Despite being a P-gp substrate, NFP was able to antagonize the antinociceptive effects of morphine, indicating its potential central nervous system activity.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:137321165

antagonizes the antinociceptive effects of


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:137321165


UMLS:C4547828

The study evaluated selected indole-based kratom alkaloids for their opioid and adrenergic receptor binding and functional effects, in vivo antinociceptive effects, plasma protein binding, and metabolic stability. The major alkaloid in Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), Mitragynine, showed higher affinity at opioid receptors than at adrenergic receptors. However, the opposite was observed for corynantheidine. The polypharmacology of kratom alkaloids may support its use in treating opioid use disorder and withdrawal.


UMLS:C4547828


UMLS:C4324621

The paper reviews methods for evaluating potential medications to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). It suggests that drug self-administration procedures are the most direct way to assess medication effectiveness, and that the choice between opioid and non-drug reinforcers is particularly useful. The paper also discusses the effects of opioid dependence and withdrawal on both opioid reinforcement and the effects of potential medications. It reviews the effects of opioid medications and vaccines on opioid choice in both non-dependent and opioid-dependent subjects. The paper concludes that no non-opioid medications have yet been found that safely and reliably reduce opioid choice, and suggests that future research should focus on increasing the safety and/or effectiveness of opioid medications and on the continued development of non-opioid medications.


UMLS:C2874436


UMLS:C0849174


UMLS:C4763988


UMLS:C0016884

focus on increasing safety and/or effectiveness of


UMLS:C0016884


UMLS:C4324621

The study investigates the effectiveness of treating opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnant women via telemedicine compared to in-person care. The trial included 98 women who received perinatal OUD treatment either through telemedicine or in-person. The outcomes measured were retention in treatment, urine drug screen results, and a neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) diagnosis. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of treatment retention and rates of NAS. This suggests that virtually integrated OUD care in obstetric practices can produce similar outcomes to in-person care.


UMLS:C2047964


UMLS:C0204782


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:46877713

The study investigates the effects of Methocinnamox (MCAM), a mu opioid receptor antagonist, on fentanyl self-administration in rhesus monkeys. The results show that both acute and repeated MCAM administration decreased fentanyl self-administration, with the effects lasting up to two weeks after a single dose and more than two months after repeated doses. MCAM did not alter cocaine self-administration, indicating its selectivity for opioid self-administration. The study suggests that MCAM could be a potential long-lasting treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD).


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:46877713


UMLS:C0687734

The study focuses on the mu opioid receptors (MOR-1) that mediate the effects of opioids like morphine, oxycodone, and fentanyl. The researchers synthesized two arylazido analogs of 3'-iodobenzoylnaltrexamide (IBNtxA), a potent analgesic that lacks many side-effects of traditional opiates. These analogs allow photolabeling of mouse mu opioid receptors in cell lines and protein complexes in mouse brain. The study suggests that these radio-photolabeling ligands could be useful tools for further investigation of MOR-1.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:51003467


UMLS:C0457949

The study found that patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) have reduced connectivity in the mesocortical and mesolimbic pathways of the reward system in the brain, which may contribute to the chronic nature of their pain. This was determined through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 90 cLBP patients and 74 pain-free controls. The study also found that increased back pain intensity was associated with increased connectivity in these pathways, suggesting their role in pain regulation. The mesolimbic pathway, in particular, was identified as a potential mediator between mechanical pain sensitivity and cLBP severity.


UMLS:C0457949


UMLS:C5141269


UMLS:C0234252


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the need for a paradigm shift in pain management pharmacotherapy due to the limitations and harmful effects of opioids, which have been the primary analgesics for years. The authors suggest that behavioral scientists play a crucial role in developing improved translational models of pain for drug development. They argue that current models overly rely on simple reflex-based measures and focus on the absence of behavior as evidence of analgesic efficacy. They propose that new approaches should concentrate on restoring operant and other CNS-mediated behavior under painful conditions.


UMLS:C5699812


UMLS:C0683482


UMLS:C0589374


UMLS:C0394664

The study investigates the effects of acupuncture on patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP). It was found that acupuncture can modulate the resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), key regions in the descending pain modulation and reward systems. The study also found that acupuncture can increase VTA/PAG rsFC with the amygdala, and this increased rsFC was associated with decreased pain bothersomeness scores. The results suggest that acupuncture may be a potential treatment for cLBP.


UMLS:C0394664

Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC)


UMLS:C0394664


UMLS:C3550507

Increased VTA/PAG rsFC with the amygdala


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10355824

The study synthesized and evaluated (-)-N-Phenethyl analogs of optically pure N-norhydromorphone. One compound, N-p-chloro-phenethynorhydromorphone, showed nanomolar binding affinity at MOR and DOR. It was a potent partial agonist at MOR and a full potent agonist at DOR with a δ/μ potency ratio of 1.2. This compound did not depress respiration in mice or squirrel monkeys under normal air conditions. However, under conditions of hypercapnia (using air mixed with 5% CO2), respiration was depressed in squirrel monkeys.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:435859


UMLS:C0394664

Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and Functional connectivity (FC) in sensorimotor areas

The study investigates the analgesic effects of real acupuncture and video-guided acupuncture imagery treatment (VGAIT) by examining their impact on brain regional connectivity. The study found that real acupuncture decreased regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in sensorimotor areas, while VGAIT increased regional homogeneity in basal ganglia and functional connectivity between the basal ganglia subcortical network and default mode network. These changes were associated with changes in pain threshold. The study also found that pre-intervention brain functional and structural features could predict the magnitude of analgesic effects.


UMLS:C0150627

Video-guided acupuncture imagery treatment (VGAIT)

Regional homogeneity (ReHo) in basal ganglia and Functional connectivity (FC) between the basal ganglia subcortical network and default mode network


UMLS:C5394569

Pre-intervention brain functional and structural features


UMLS:C0237609

The study investigates the effects of video-guided acupuncture imagery treatment (VGAIT) on patients with chronic low back pain. The results showed that VGAIT, real acupuncture, and sham acupuncture all significantly reduced pain severity. VGAIT had similar effects to real acupuncture and slightly greater pain relief compared to sham acupuncture, although the difference was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that VGAIT could be a promising method for pain management.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3034396

The study investigates the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of mitragynine, a psychoactive alkaloid derived from the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), in beagle dogs. The study found that mitragynine has a large volume of distribution and high clearance following intravenous administration. After oral dosing, peak plasma concentrations were observed within 0.5 hours. The absolute oral bioavailability of mitragynine was 69.6%. The administration of mitragynine was well tolerated, with mild sedation and anxiolytic effects observed.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3034396


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44301524


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:46877713

The study investigates the effects of methocinnamox (MCAM), a mu opioid receptor antagonist, on opioid abuse and overdose. The study found that MCAM does not impair memory or decrease the response to sucrose pellets in rhesus monkeys. It also found that MCAM can block the behavioral suppressant effects of morphine for at least 7 days. The study suggests that MCAM has a favorable adverse effect profile and could be useful in treating opioid abuse and overdose.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:46877713


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826


UMLS:C1197867

The study investigates the potential abuse of kratom, a plant used in Southeast Asia for energy, relaxation, and to reduce opioid withdrawal symptoms. The primary kratom alkaloid mitragynine, its active metabolite 7-hydroxymitragynine, and morphine were tested on male and female rats using an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure. The results showed that high doses of 7-hydroxymitragynine increased brain reward thresholds, while intermediate doses of morphine decreased them. There were no significant sex differences in the effects of these substances on reward thresholds and response latencies. The findings suggest that mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine do not have abuse potential.


UMLS:C3869685


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6445230

The study compares the pharmacological properties of Nalfurafine, a kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist used in Japan for itch treatment, and 42B, its 3-dehydroxy analogue. Both Nalfurafine and 42B acted as full KOR agonists and partial μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, but 42B showed lower potency for both receptors and lower KOR/MOR selectivity. Molecular modeling revealed that a water-mediated hydrogen-bond formation between 3-OH of Nalfurafine and KOR accounted for its higher KOR potency than 42B. In mice, both compounds produced antinociceptive and antiscratch effects and did not cause conditioned place aversion (CPA). However, unlike Nalfurafine, 42B caused motor incoordination and hypolocomotion. The study suggests caution in correlating in vitro biochemical data with in vivo behavior effects.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5327318


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:6445230

produces antinociceptive and antiscratch effects


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5327318

causes motor incoordination and hypolocomotion


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:128563

The paper discusses the use of natural products salvinorin A, mitragynine, and collybolide as potential next-generation analgesics. These substances are potent selective agonists of opioid receptors and could be used for pain management. The study reviews the phytochemistry and medicinal chemistry efforts on these substances and their effects on affinity, selectivity, analgesic actions, and other opioid-receptor-related behavioral effects.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:21669398


UMLS:C0376196


UniProtKB:W6RD20

The study focuses on improving the physical properties and potency of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors, which are used for treating neuropathic pain. The researchers identified two structural modifications that significantly enhance the potency and physical properties of sEH inhibitors carrying a 1,3-disubstituted urea pharmacophore. These improvements could facilitate the clinical application of sEH inhibitors.


CHEBI:52534


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:165352811


UMLS:C3850135

The study investigates the effect of different C-terminal variants on mu agonist-induced G protein coupling, β-arrestin2 recruitment, and signaling bias. It was found that mu agonists produced significant differences in G protein activation and β-arrestin2 recruitment among various C-terminal variants, leading to biased signaling at various levels. Particularly, MOR-1O, an exon 7-associated variant, showed greater β-arrestin2 bias for most mu agonists than MOR-1, an exon 4-associated variant. This suggests that a single mu agonist can induce differential signaling through multiple 7TM splice variants, providing a new perspective on biased signaling for Oprm1.


UMLS:C3850135


UniProtKB:Q716A7


UMLS:C4060037

can induce differential signaling through


MONDO:0024317

The paper discusses the challenges in developing effective pain therapeutics and suggests a new approach to assess pain in laboratory animals. The authors argue that the current methods of drug development in animals do not align with the goals of human treatment. They propose the use of home cage wheel running as a pain assessment tool, which provides an objective measure of pain and is a clinically relevant method to screen new drugs. This method evaluates treatments for both their ability to reduce pain and the absence of disruptive side effects.


UMLS:C0452400


UMLS:C2048449


UMLS:C0412784


UMLS:C1953377

The paper presents a methodology for the synthesis of 6α/β-3-dehydroxynaltrexamines and 6α/β- N-methyl-3-dehydroxynaltrexamines. It provides a stereoselective route for each target compound and explores a novel one-pot method for the synthesis of 6 α/β-3-N-methyl-3-dehydroxynaltrexamines. These results facilitate the efficient preparation of key epoxymorphinan intermediates for future selective opioid ligand discovery and development.


UMLS:C0436302


UMLS:C0422392


UMLS:C0849546


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:54238846


UMLS:C0682986

The paper discusses the limitations of naloxone, the only FDA-approved medication for preventing and treating opioid overdose. It highlights the need for alternative treatments, especially in the event of mass casualties involving synthetic opioids. The paper provides an overview of several new approaches discussed at a scientific meeting convened by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health. These include intranasal nalmefene, methocinnamox, covalent naloxone nanoparticles, serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor agonists, fentanyl-binding cyclodextrin scaffolds, detoxifying biomimetic "nanosponge" decoy receptors, and antibody-based strategies.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284594


UMLS:C5691494


MONDO:0024317

The paper discusses a project aimed at developing a new therapeutic to alleviate chronic pain and reduce opiate use. The researchers have created a novel chemical entity (NCE) named Kindolor, a non-opiate, non-addicting molecule designed to control the activity of three targets on the peripheral sensory system involved in chronic pain. Initial preclinical studies have shown Kindolor's efficacy in reducing or eliminating chronic pain in five animal models. The project is in its second year, with the goal of completing preclinical studies of Kindolor and proceeding to clinical Phase Ia, 1b safety studies, and a Phase 2a efficacy study once IND approval is obtained.


UMLS:C1273046


UMLS:C0687734


UMLS:C0012174

The study discusses the development of vaccine formulations to counteract the effects of fentanyl and its analogues, which have been linked to a rise in fatal overdoses. The vaccines, which are made up of novel fentanyl-based haptens conjugated to carrier proteins, were tested on mice and rats. The results showed that prophylactic vaccination reduced the effects of fentanyl and sufentanil, including antinociception, respiratory depression, and bradycardia. Therapeutic vaccination also reduced fentanyl intravenous self-administration in rats. The vaccines did not interfere with the effects of commonly used anesthetics or other opioids. These findings suggest that vaccines could be a viable strategy to counteract fentanyl use disorders and toxicity.


UMLS:C0199822

Antinociception, respiratory depression, and bradycardia


UMLS:C5235267


GTOPDB:1135

The study found that the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, exendin-4 (Ex-4), can reduce both cue-induced seeking and drug-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking in rats. This suggests that Ex-4 could potentially be an effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) in humans. The treatment did not alter the rats' body weight but was associated with increased Orexin 1 receptor (OX1) mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens shell.


GTOPDB:1135

drug-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking


GTOPDB:1135


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44301524

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44301701

is more potent than either Mitragynine or 7-HMG


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3034396

The study investigates the relationship between µ-opioid receptor (MOR) efficacy and the effects of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. The results show that mitragynine has a low affinity for MOR and acts as an antagonist, while 7-hydroxymitragynine has a higher affinity and acts as a partial agonist. In rats, mitragynine showed complex pharmacology, including MOR agonism, while 7-hydroxymitragynine showed higher MOR potency and efficacy. The study also found that 7-hydroxymitragynine produced antinociception, but mitragynine did not.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44301524


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:46877713

The study investigates the effects of Methocinnamox (MCAM), a long-lasting opioid receptor antagonist, on fentanyl-induced ventilatory depression in rats. The results show that MCAM, like naloxone, can reverse the ventilatory-depressant effects of fentanyl in a dose-related manner. However, MCAM's effects last significantly longer than naloxone's, up to 3 days and at least 2 weeks after intravenous and subcutaneous administration, respectively. This suggests that MCAM could be a more effective treatment for opioid overdose, particularly from fentanyl and its highly potent analogs.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:118395966

The paper discusses the development of EC5026, an orally active analgesic that can resolve inflammation and neuropathic pain without the addictive potential of opioids. EC5026 works by acting on the cytochrome P450 branch of the arachidonate cascade to stabilize epoxides of polyunsaturated fatty acids (EpFA), which are natural mediators that reduce pain, resolve inflammation, and maintain normal blood pressure. By inhibiting the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) which degrades EpFA, EC5026 increases EpFA in vivo and confers beneficial effects. The drug has passed human Phase 1a trials with no drug-related adverse events.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:118395966


UMLS:C0242976

The study explores the modulation and selectivity mechanisms of seven mixed-action kappa opioid receptor (KOR)/mu opioid receptor (MOR) bitopic modulators. The findings suggest that the 'message' moiety of these modulators shares the same binding mode with the orthosteric site of the KOR and MOR, while the 'address' moiety binds with different subdomains of the allosteric site of the KOR and MOR. This binding may result in distinguishable allosteric modulations to the binding affinity and/or efficacy of the 'message' moiety. The 3-hydroxy group on the phenolic moiety of the modulators induces selectivity to the KOR over the MOR.


UMLS:C3653463


CHEBI:134087


MONDO:0100096

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to policy changes that have increased the use of telehealth services, particularly for mental health and substance abuse treatment for pregnant and postpartum women. The Women's Reproductive Behavioral Health Program at the Medical University of South Carolina has transitioned all its services to remote platforms. The experiences and lessons learned during this period could form the basis for a more extensive use of telehealth for substance abuse treatment.


UMLS:C1513880

Women's Reproductive Behavioral Health Program


UMLS:C2729409

Mental health and substance use disorder treatment


UMLS:C4547828

The study developed a method to measure the levels of 11 alkaloids found in kratom, a plant used for pain management and reduction of opioid withdrawal symptoms, in rat plasma. The method was used to compare the levels of these alkaloids after the administration of traditional kratom tea and a commercial kratom product. Four of the alkaloids showed systemic exposure 8 hours after dosage, with higher levels observed after the administration of the commercial product.


MESH:D012991


UMLS:C4547828


UMLS:C4301385


CHEBI:134087

The study investigates the role of the 3-hydroxy group in a series of epoxymorphinan derivatives and their binding affinity and selectivity profiles towards opioid receptors. The 3-hydroxy group was found to be crucial for the binding affinity of these derivatives for all three opioid receptors. Most compounds with the 3-hydroxy group had similar selectivity profiles for the kappa opioid receptor over the mu opioid receptor as their corresponding 3-dehydroxy derivatives. The 3-hydroxy group was also important for maintaining their potency on the opioid receptors.


CHEBI:33579


MESH:C583750

had different binding affinity and functional profiles


CHEBI:52214

The study explores the development of novel opioid ligands containing an azaindole moiety at the C6-position of the epoxymorphinan skeleton using a nitrogen-walk approach. The in vitro results showed that introducing a nitrogen atom around the indole moiety retained excellent binding affinity and led to a significant functional switch at the mu opioid receptor (MOR). The study suggests that these novel MOR ligands with high binding affinity and low efficacy could be useful in the design of low efficacy MOR ligands for opioid use disorder therapeutics.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:57370662


CHEBI:52214


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5155

The study investigates the neuropathic pain caused by Stavudine (D4T), a highly active antiviral therapy (HAART) used to treat HIV. The research found that D4T produces dose- and time-dependent mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in mice. The smallest effective dose of D4T that produced mechanical allodynia was 17.8 mg/kg, while larger doses also resulted in thermal hyperalgesia. The study also found that morphine, an opioid analgesic, was effective in alleviating the neuropathic pain caused by D4T.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5155


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826


UMLS:C0394162

The study evaluated the safety and effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for substance use disorder (SUD), specifically in a patient with severe opioid and benzodiazepine use disorders. The DBS electrodes were implanted within the Nucleus Accumbens/Ventral anterior internal capsule (NAc/VC). The results showed that DBS was safe, reduced substance use and craving, and improved frontal and executive functions. The patient remained abstinent and engaged in treatment at the 12-week endpoint and 12-month extended follow-up. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.


UMLS:C0394162

Nucleus Accumbens/Ventral anterior internal capsule (NAc/VC)


UMLS:C0394162


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study focuses on engineering quick- and long-acting naloxone delivery systems to treat opioid overdose. Naloxone-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles were prepared using an emulsification solvent extraction approach. Two different microparticles of different sizes were produced and characterized. The naloxone encapsulation efficiency was found to be between 70-85%. The in vitro naloxone release duration ranged from 4 to 35 days. The cellular pharmacodynamics of three selected formulations were evaluated and it was found that naloxone released from these formulations could inhibit DAMGO-induced β-arrestin 2 recruitment, indicating the proposed naloxone delivery system is adequate for opioid reversal during the naloxone release duration.


UMLS:C5197738


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10622126

The study investigates the efficacy of a vaccine, Oxy(Gly)4-sKLH, in treating oxycodone use disorder. The vaccine was found to generate a sustained antibody response over five months, specifically targeting oxycodone without affecting the efficacy of other medications used to treat opioid use disorders. The vaccine did not boost oxycodone-specific antibody levels in vaccinated rats, reducing concerns of immune-related side effects. The vaccine also extended oxycodone's half-life and reduced its reinforcing efficacy without showing signs of toxicity.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10622126


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3000341

The study investigates the effects of minor indole and oxindole alkaloids found in kratom leaves, which are traditionally used for pain relief and as antidotes for opioid withdrawal and alcohol use disorders. The alkaloids corynantheidine, corynoxine, corynoxine B, mitraciliatine, and isopaynantheine were studied for their receptor affinity, G-protein activity, and βarrestin-2 signaling at mouse and human opioid receptors. Corynantheidine and mitraciliatine were identified as partial agonists of the mu opioid receptor (MOR), while corynoxine was a full MOR agonist. Isopaynantheine was identified as a KOR agonist. These alkaloids showed antinociception in mice, with mitraciliatine and corynoxine causing less respiratory depression and hyperlocomotion than morphine when administered supraspinally.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10475115


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:101804033


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:11741588

Respiratory depression and hyperlocomotion


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284604

The study provides evidence that the mu and delta opioid receptors form a heterodimer (MDOR), which acts as a negative feedback brake on opioid-induced analgesia. The researchers used a MDOR-selective antagonist, D24M, in mice and found that it enhanced the antinociception effect of oxymorphone by 54.7% to 628% in various pain models. This enhancement was not replicated with other antagonists, suggesting it is selective to the MDOR. The study also found that the kinases Src and CaMKII were repressed by oxymorphone, which was restored by D24M. The results suggest that MDOR antagonism could improve clinical opioid therapy.


UMLS:C0680242


UMLS:C0394664

The study investigates the effects of real and imagined acupuncture on the functional connectivity of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), key regions in the descending pain modulatory system and dopaminergic reward system. The results show that real acupuncture decreased PAG-precuneus rsFC and increased VTA-amygdala/hippocampus rsFC, while video-guided acupuncture imagery treatment (VGAIT) decreased PAG-paracentral lobule/posterior cingulate cortex/Pcu, middle cingulate cortex (MCC), and medial prefrontal cortex rsFC, and decreased VTA-caudate and MCC rsFC. The findings suggest that both actual and imagined acupuncture can modulate these key regions, but through different pathways.


UMLS:C0394664


UMLS:C0150627

Video-guided Acupuncture Imagery Treatment (VGAIT)


UMLS:C0150627


UMLS:C0684072

The study investigates the effects of morphine and naloxone on rats with hindpaw inflammation, using wheel running as a measure of well-being. The inflammation caused a decrease in wheel running and body weight. Morphine administration restored wheel running and increased body weight, but did not protect against opioid withdrawal symptoms, which were induced by naloxone and resulted in a temporary decrease in wheel running. The study supports the use of home cage wheel running as a method to assess changes in well-being due to pain, analgesia, and opioid withdrawal.


UMLS:C0685477


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5288826


UMLS:C0033011

The study evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for chronic pain management and shared decision-making for prescription opioid dose reduction among pregnant women misusing opioids. The 8-week clinical trial involved 20 pregnant women aged between 18 and 45 years who were misusing opioids but did not meet the criteria for an opioid use disorder or other substance use disorder. The results showed significant reductions in average prescription opioid morphine equivalent dose, prescription opioid misuse, worst pain ratings, and pain interference in general activity and at work. However, there was no reported improvement in other pain ratings or areas of functioning.


UMLS:C4763869


UMLS:C3179495


UMLS:C4547828

The study investigates the activity of kratom alkaloids at serotonin receptors. The alkaloids paynantheine and speciogynine showed high affinity for 5-HT1ARs and 5-HT2BRs, and produced antinociceptive properties in rats through an opioid receptor-independent mechanism. The effects were blocked by a selective 5-HT1AR antagonist. The in vivo 5-HT1AR agonistic effects may be due to the metabolites 9-O-desmethylspeciogynine and 9-O-desmethylpaynantheine. These metabolites did not activate 5-HT2BR, suggesting a low risk of causing valvulopathy. The 5-HT1AR agonism by kratom alkaloids may contribute to the mood-enhancing effects associated with kratom use.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3037629


MESH:C530420


UMLS:C4547828


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study investigates the impact of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) during pregnancy on the risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). The research compared the effects of two commonly used MOUDs, methadone and buprenorphine, on infants born to women with opioid use disorder (OUD). The findings suggest that infants exposed to methadone had a higher risk of NAS compared to those exposed to buprenorphine. Furthermore, buprenorphine-exposed infants had a decreased risk of NAS compared to unexposed infants, although this association was not statistically significant. The study concludes that buprenorphine may be a safer option for treating OUD in pregnant women as it may reduce the risk of NAS in newborns.


NCBIGene:4988

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UniProtKB:A0A023FHK2


UMLS:C1720834


UMLS:C3653393


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44301524

The study investigates the role of 7-hydroxymitragynine (7HMG), a metabolite of Mitragynine (MTG), in the pain-relieving effects of MTG in mice. The results show that 7HMG is more potent than MTG in producing antinociception when administered alone. However, the concentration of 7HMG in the brain is significantly lower when it is metabolized from MTG. This suggests that 7HMG has a negligible role in the antinociceptive effects of MTG.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44301524


UMLS:C0242402

The paper reviews strategies to develop safer opioid analgesics. It discusses various approaches to separate the analgesic actions of opioids from their adverse effects, such as respiratory depression, addiction, and abuse liability. These approaches include biased agonism, opioids targeting multiple receptors, allosteric modulators, heteromers, and splice variants of the μ opioid receptor. The paper also highlights upcoming targets of interest that may lead to a safer next generation of analgesics.


UMLS:C1955892


UMLS:C1120432

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the nociceptin opioid peptide receptor (NOP) agonist Ro 64-6198 in managing pain and opioid use disorder. The study found that Ro 64-6198 produced dose- and time-dependent depression in intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rats, which was blocked by the selective NOP antagonist SB612111 but not by naltrexone. However, Ro 64-6198 failed to block acid-induced depression of ICSS and did not attenuate heroin-vs-food choice. Therefore, the results do not support the use of Ro 64-6198 as a stand-alone medication for either acute pain or opioid use disorder.


UMLS:C1120432


UMLS:C1120432

not effective as a stand-alone medication


UMLS:C2936183

The study investigates the role of the thalamo-sensorimotor circuit in chronic low back pain (cLBP) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results show increased anatomical connectivity of the left thalamo-motor pathway and altered resting-state functional connectivity of bilateral thalamo-motor/somatosensory pathways in patients with cLBP compared to healthy controls. A significant correlation was also found between pain intensity during the MRI scan and resting-state functional connectivity of the right thalamo-somatosensory pathway in cLBP patients.


UMLS:C2207515

shows increased anatomical connectivity in


UMLS:C0870920

shows altered resting-state functional connectivity in


UMLS:C0578068

correlates with resting-state functional connectivity of


UMLS:C3653393

The study focuses on the development of potential treatments for opioid-induced constipation (OIC), a common side effect of opioid analgesics. Researchers introduced a highly polar aromatic moiety to decrease CNS MPO scores and reduce passive BBB permeability. Four compounds were found to increase intestinal motility during morphine-induced constipation. Among them, compound 19 improved GI tract motility by 75%, showing promise as an oral treatment for OIC.


CHEBI:60605


GTOPDB:6256


UMLS:C4547828

The research paper discusses the pharmacology of kratom, a plant historically used in South Asian countries for pain management and opioid withdrawal. The study focuses on the primary kratom alkaloid, mitragynine, and its more potent metabolite, 7-hydroxymitragynine. The research suggests that kratom products and mitragynine have low efficacy agonist activity at the mu-opioid receptor. Furthermore, they have been shown to antagonize the effects of high efficacy mu-opioid agonists. The data also suggests that 7-hydroxymitragynine, formed in vivo by metabolism of mitragynine, may have minimal involvement in the overall behavioral profile of mitragynine and kratom. However, when administered at high doses, 7-hydroxymitragynine shares many of the same abuse- and dependence-related behavioral effects associated with traditional opioid agonists.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3034396


UMLS:C4737957

Oxy(Gly)4-sKLH Conjugate Vaccine, Adsorbed

The study investigates the safety and toxicology of a candidate vaccine, Oxy(Gly)4-sKLH, for treating oxycodone use disorder. The vaccine was administered to Sprague Dawley rats in low and high doses, and no vaccine-related toxicological findings were observed. The vaccine was well tolerated, induced high antibody titers, and did not produce undesired side effects, demonstrating its potential for clinical evaluation.


UMLS:C4737957


UMLS:C3702122

The study investigates the effectiveness of monovalent and bivalent vaccination strategies in protecting against the effects of carfentanil, fentanyl, and their mixtures. The vaccines were found to elicit antibody responses that were effective in protecting against the pharmacological actions of these substances. A lead vaccine was identified that was protective against carfentanil-induced effects. Efficacy against both carfentanil and fentanyl was achieved through bivalent vaccination strategies that combined the lead anti-carfentanil and anti-fentanyl vaccines.


UMLS:C3702122


UMLS:C0684072


UMLS:C0719068

The study investigates the efficacy of vaccines targeting fentanyl and its analogues, which are major contributors to opioid use disorders and overdose. The lead conjugate vaccine (F1-CRM) was compared with a series of novel vaccines. The results showed that while no vaccine provided significant protection against alfentanil, the lead formulations were effective in reducing the effects of fentanyl, sufentanil, and acetylfentanyl. Vaccination with F1-CRM also reduced drug levels in the brain of rats challenged with lethal doses of fentanyl, supporting further investigation of F1-CRM as a candidate vaccine against fentanyl and selected analogues.


UMLS:C0719068


UMLS:C3702122

investigated as potential interventional strategy for


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:46877713

The study investigates the effects of Methocinnamox (MCAM), a μ-opioid receptor antagonist, on fentanyl self-administration in Rhesus monkeys. The results show that daily injections of MCAM decreased fentanyl self-administration, with effects lasting up to 3 days. The effects were maintained for the duration of treatment and recovered quickly after discontinuation. MCAM treatment also shifted the fentanyl dose-effect curve to the right. The study concludes that MCAM could be an effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD).


UMLS:C0038586

The study is a systematic review of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) that used technologies to objectively measure sleep outcomes in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). The review found that the most common SUD was alcohol use disorder, and the most common technology used to assess sleep was polysomnography, followed by actigraphy, ambulatory polysomnography, and at-home sleep apnea testing. The most common sleep outcome reported was total sleep time. The study suggests that polysomnography or ambulatory devices that directly measure brain activity are critical to advance medications for improving sleep duration, continuity, and sleep onset latency outcomes.


UMLS:C0162701


UMLS:C1171301


UMLS:C0001956


UMLS:C1962929

The paper is a systematic review of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) that studied patient-reported sleep outcomes in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). The review found that sleep disturbances are a common issue in people recovering from SUDs. The study analyzed 76 RCTs, with 46.1% considering sleep as a primary outcome and 53.9% as a secondary outcome. The most frequently used measures were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia Severity Index, and sleep diaries. The paper suggests that the field of addiction medicine could benefit from a more streamlined approach to assessing patient-reported sleep in RCTs.


UMLS:C2718014


UMLS:C3496180


UMLS:C3875998


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:16134956

The study investigates the acute effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, liraglutide, on heroin-seeking behavior in rats. The findings suggest that a single dose of liraglutide can effectively prevent drug-seeking behavior triggered by drug-associated cues, stress, and the drug itself. This suggests that acute use of GLP-1 analogs could potentially serve as a new and effective nonopioid bridge to treatment for opioid addiction.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:16134956


UniProtKB:P13508

may serve as a new and effective nonopioid bridge to treatment for


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:24965990


UMLS:C0593516

The study focuses on the challenges of scaling up the manufacturing of PLGA microparticles from benchtop-scale formulation to larger clinical scale batches. The study found that minor changes in the formulation composition and processing parameters can significantly affect the performance of the microparticles. The study used a long-acting naltrexone formulation and found that while there were slight differences in the in vitro release profiles and particle morphologies, the in vivo pharmacokinetics were similar. This suggests that by controlling the formulation and processing parameters, scale-up production with the same drug release kinetics can be achieved.


UMLS:C0726439


UMLS:C0593516


UMLS:C0524527


GO:0038003

The study investigates the impact of age and sex on opioid signaling in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) in rats with chronic inflammatory pain. The results show that adult male rats have the highest μ-opioid receptor (MOR) binding potential and G-protein activation compared to aged males and females. No impact of age or sex on MOR phosphorylation state was observed. The study also found that the expression of regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS)4 and RGS9-2, which are critical for terminating G-protein signaling, were higher in aged rats compared to adults. These findings suggest potential mechanisms for the decreased potency of opioids in the aged population.


UniProtKB:P35372-6


PR:000013965

Regulator of G-Protein Signaling (RGS)4 and RGS9-2


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:15560576

has higher binding affinity than mitragynine

The study investigates the metabolism of Speciociliatine, an alkaloid found in Kratom, which is used for pain relief and opioid dependence. Speciociliatine has a higher binding affinity than mitragynine and is a major circulating alkaloid in humans after oral administration of a Kratom product. The metabolism of Speciociliatine was studied in human and preclinical species' liver microsomes and hepatocytes. It was found to metabolize rapidly in monkey, rat, and mouse hepatocytes, while slower metabolism was observed in human and dog hepatocytes. The metabolism of Speciociliatine was primarily through monooxidation and O-demethylation metabolic pathways, predominantly mediated by CYP3A4 with minor contributions by CYP2D6.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:15560576


UMLS:C0684072

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UniProtKB:A0A2A6C7G2


CHEMBL.COMPOUND:CHEMBL1240772

The study investigates the potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), specifically liraglutide, in reducing relapse in opioid use disorder (OUD). The results show that a titrated dose of liraglutide effectively reduces both cue-induced and drug-induced heroin seeking in rats, particularly those with a history of high drug-taking. This treatment regimen does not affect circulating glucose or insulin levels, making GLP-1RAs promising candidates for non-opioid prevention of relapse to opioids.


UMLS:C0040808


UMLS:C4544496

Transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (tcVNS)

The study investigates the effects of transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (tcVNS) on patients with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) undergoing acute opioid withdrawal. The results showed that tcVNS significantly reduced subjective opioid withdrawal, pain, distress, and heart rate. However, it did not significantly affect craving. The study suggests that tcVNS could be a non-pharmacologic, easily implemented approach for adjunctive OUD treatment.


UMLS:C4544496


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

The study investigates the impact of particle size on the solid-state properties of naltrexone in PLGA microparticles. It was found that as the particle size increases, the crystallinity also increases, with additional polymorphic forms more readily noted at larger particle sizes. During dissolution, a polymorphic transition and/or crystallization occurs at larger size fractions. The study emphasizes the importance of controlling manufacturing parameters during microparticle formation, specifically solvent extraction and particle size control. It also highlights the importance of Q3, the same components in the same concentration with the same arrangement of matter, whereby microparticles can have varying microstructural properties across particle sizes from the same batch.


UMLS:C0030608


UMLS:C1285147


UMLS:C4277556


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3034396

The study investigates the effects of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, primary alkaloids in kratom, on µ-opioid receptors (MORs) and adrenergic-α 2 receptors (Aα 2Rs). Both compounds showed binding affinity at these receptors, with 7-hydroxymitragynine also acting as a MOR agonist. The study found that these compounds may produce antinociceptive synergism with Aα 2R and MOR agonists, and when combined with Aα 2R agonists, mitragynine could also produce hypothermic synergism.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:44301524


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:3034396


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

The study introduces a new method called surface analysis of (semisolvent) vapor impact (SAVI) to analyze and understand Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based microparticle formulations used in long-acting injectable drug delivery applications. The SAVI method was applied to naltrexone-loaded microparticles and Vivitrol, a commercial formulation. The analysis showed that the release of naltrexone was controlled by the formation of self-crystallized portions of naltrexone within the PLGA structure and the degradation of PLGA chains. The presence of higher amounts of naltrexone crystals resulted in prolonged release.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:59434218


UMLS:C4282509


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:24991635

The study designed and synthesized four sets of diastereomeric C9-alkenyl 5-phenylmorphans to examine their effect on opioid receptors. The study found that the potency and activity of these compounds depended on the length of their C9-alkenyl chain and their stereochemistry. Three MOR antagonists were found to be as potent or more potent than naltrexone, and unlike naltrexone, they had no MOR, KOR, or DOR agonist activity. Several potent MOR full agonists were also found, and interestingly, partial agonists were found that caused less respiratory depression than morphine. Molecular modeling was used to explore the effect of stereochemistry and the length of the C9-alkenyl chain.


UMLS:C2936568


UMLS:C2065063


UMLS:C3536948

Stereochemistry and length of C9-alkenyl chain


MONDO:0012894

The study investigates the mechanisms of weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing pain in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Data from a cohort of older adults with or at risk of knee OA was used. The study found that a decrease in patellar pressure pain threshold (PPT) was associated with greater odds of both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing pain. Wrist PPT was associated with greater odds of weight-bearing pain and pain during sitting/lying. Temporal summation (TS) was significantly associated with greater odds of pain with walking and stairs. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) was not associated with any pain outcomes. The findings suggest that non-weight-bearing pain may not reflect greater pain sensitization and/or inefficient CPM than weight-bearing pain in knee OA, indicating other mechanisms are likely responsible.


UMLS:C0544984


UMLS:C0740335


UMLS:C0234110


UMLS:C3251122


UMLS:C5393298

The study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and pain in individuals with hand osteoarthritis. It was found that a 5-unit increase in BMI was associated with more severe hand, foot, and knee/hip pain. The effects of BMI on hand pain and total body joint pain were partially mediated by leptin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) respectively. The study suggests that in people with hand osteoarthritis, higher BMI is associated with greater pain severity and that systemic effects of obesity, measured by leptin, may play a larger mediating role for pain in the hands than in the lower extremities. Low-grade inflammation, measured by hsCRP, may contribute to generalized pain in overweight/obese individuals.


UMLS:C5393298


UMLS:C5393298

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)


UMLS:C4553478


UMLS:C0032804

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome

The study found that 85% of women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome have pelvic floor muscle tenderness (PFT). The study aimed to understand the significance of this finding and its relationship with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) symptom severity. The study found that participants with higher PFT scores had more severe disease burden, worse quality of life, and more widespread distribution of nonpelvic pain.


NCBIGene:47173

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome


MONDO:0018301

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome


UMLS:C1723764

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome


NCIT:C143739

Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS)


NCIT:C143739


UMLS:C0086944

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) aims to reduce opioid overdose deaths through the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention. This intervention is a community-engaged, data-driven planning process that will be implemented in 67 communities across four states. The community engagement process is divided into six phases: Preparation, Getting Started, Getting Organized, Community Profiles and Data Dashboards, Community Action Planning, Implementation and Monitoring, and Sustainability Planning. The study will demonstrate how community engagement can support the implementation of evidence-based practices for addressing the opioid crisis in highly impacted communities.


UMLS:C0039786

Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention


UMLS:C2937292

can improve the uptake and sustainability of


UMLS:C0086944


UMLS:C0039786

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is evaluating the impact of the Communities That Heal (CTH) intervention on reducing opioid overdose deaths in 67 communities in the U.S. that are disproportionately affected by the opioid epidemic. The CTH intervention uses community-tailored dashboards, which are web-based interactive data visualizations of community-specific metrics, to support decision-making for the selection and monitoring of evidence-based practices to reduce opioid overdose deaths. These dashboards are co-created by HCS researchers and community stakeholders. The study also evaluates the use of these dashboards using quantitative and qualitative data combined with website analytics.


UMLS:C0086944

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS), launched in May 2019, is an ambitious initiative by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to address the opioid epidemic in the United States. The goal of the study is to reduce opioid overdose deaths by 40% in three years by improving and integrating the delivery of multiple evidence-based practices across health care, justice, and community settings. The paper discusses the initial vision, goals, and objectives of the initiative, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the potential knowledge to be generated from the intersection of the opioid epidemic and the COVID-19 pandemic.


UMLS:C5392141


UMLS:C0086944

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is a large-scale research experiment aimed at combating the U.S. opioid epidemic. The study involves a community-level cluster-randomized trial of the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention in 67 communities. The CTH intervention expands evidence-based practices (EBPs) across various community settings to reduce opioid overdose deaths. The study uses the RE-AIM/PRISM framework to evaluate the implementation context and fidelity of the CTH intervention. The study measures fidelity through dosage, adherence, quality, and program differentiation. The study also tracks training and technical assistance provided to the communities.


UMLS:C1511149

Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention


UMLS:C2080981


UMLS:C0009853

Overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND)

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) aims to test the effectiveness of a community-engaged intervention, Communities That HEAL (CTH), in reducing opioid-involved deaths in 33 intervention communities compared to 34 wait-list communities across four states. The CTH intervention promotes the implementation of three evidence-based practices (EBPs): overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND), effective delivery of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and safer opioid analgesic prescribing. The Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA) was developed to organize EBP strategies and resources, requiring a minimum of five strategies: one for OEND, three for MOUD, and one for prescription opioid safety. The ORCCA also requires the identification and engagement of high-risk populations in OEND and MOUD, and the implementation of at least one EBP strategy in healthcare, behavioral health, and criminal justice settings.


UMLS:C0009853

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)


UMLS:C0009853

requires identification and engagement of


UMLS:C0009853


UMLS:C0086944

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is a four-year research project aimed at examining the effectiveness of the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention in combating the opioid overdose epidemic. The CTH intervention promotes the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in 67 communities across Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. The study focuses on the implementation of EBPs that significantly impact fatal and non-fatal opioid overdose, the Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach, and communication campaigns to increase awareness and reduce stigma against people with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) interventions. The study also involves community engagement, forming community coalitions, and adapting EBPs to meet community needs. The study had to adapt to unexpected events, including the COVID-19 crisis.


UMLS:C0281163


UMLS:C0237499


NCBIGene:40659

adapted to unanticipated temporal events, including


NCBIGene:40659

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is a trial evaluating the impact of the Communities That HEAL intervention to reduce opioid overdose deaths and related adverse outcomes. The study uses administrative data and established data collection infrastructure to measure key outcomes across four research sites. The primary outcome is the number of opioid overdose deaths, measured from death certificate data. Three secondary outcomes are the number of naloxone units distributed, the number of unique residents receiving FDA-approved buprenorphine products for opioid use disorder treatment, and the number of residents with new incidents of high-risk opioid prescribing. The HCS has improved data capacity in the four states and will provide methodology and tools to facilitate data-driven responses to the opioid epidemic.


NCBIGene:40659


UMLS:C5241252

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is a research project aimed at implementing and evaluating the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention, a framework designed to help communities adopt evidence-based practices to reduce opioid overdose deaths. The study is being conducted in 67 communities across four U.S. states. The health economics study (HES) component of the HCS aims to estimate the economic costs of implementing and sustaining CTH, the broader societal costs associated with CTH, the cost-effectiveness of CTH in terms of overdose deaths avoided, and the short- and long-term health and economic impact of CTH through simulation modeling. The results of the HES will inform decisions about the fiscal feasibility and sustainability of implementing CTH in other community settings.


UMLS:C5241252


UMLS:C0542306

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is investigating if the Communities that Heal (CTH) intervention can reduce opioid overdose deaths by implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) in communities heavily affected by opioid use. The CTH intervention includes communication campaigns to promote EBPs, increase demand for naloxone and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and reduce stigma towards people with opioid use disorder and the use of EBPs. The campaigns are developed and implemented through a three-stage process: Prepare, Plan, and Implement. The effectiveness of these campaigns will be evaluated, and if successful, the process and materials could be adapted for use by other communities to address the opioid crisis.


UMLS:C0542306


UMLS:C0542306

Stigma towards people with opioid use disorder


UMLS:C0086944


UMLS:C0086944

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) aims to reduce opioid overdose deaths by implementing a community-engaged, data-driven intervention. The intervention includes the selection and implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in communities across Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. The study is a four-year, multi-site, parallel-group, cluster randomized wait-list controlled trial. The primary outcome is the number of opioid overdose deaths, which will be compared between communities that start the intervention in Year 1 (Wave 1) and those that start in Year 3 (Wave 2). The HCS is the largest community-based implementation study in the field of addiction.


UMLS:C0743190

The study investigates the receipt of naloxone rescue kits among people with HIV who are on chronic opioid therapy. It was found that the receipt of these kits was uncommon, and that a history of overdose was associated with receiving naloxone. However, having a clinician who reported providing overdose prevention care was not associated with receiving naloxone. The study suggests that clinicians prescribing chronic opioid therapy to people with HIV should improve overdose prevention care, including co-prescribing naloxone.


UMLS:C0871685


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754

The study examined trends in opioid overdose deaths by race/ethnicity from 2018 to 2019 across 67 communities in Kentucky, New York, Massachusetts, and Ohio. The overall opioid overdose death rates were 38.3 and 39.5 per 100,000 for 2018 and 2019, respectively, with no significant change. However, a 40% increase in opioid overdose death rate was observed for non-Hispanic Black individuals relative to non-Hispanic White individuals. The study suggests an antiracist public health approach to address the opioid-related harms.


UMLS:C5452854


UMLS:C0086944

The study examines the community context in addressing the opioid overdose crisis in the United States. The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is a community-level trial that implements evidence-based practices to reduce opioid overdose deaths in four states. The study involved 382 semi-structured qualitative interviews in the HCS communities. Four key themes emerged across communities: community risk perceptions, levels of stigma, the health services environment and the availability of substance use services, and funding for substance use services. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing the external community context for successful health services-related and community engaged interventions.


UMLS:C0039786

Community coalition-based intervention (Communities that HEAL [CTH])


UMLS:C0009476


UMLS:C5545199


UMLS:C0018747


UMLS:C0589548


UMLS:C1822556

discussed changing prescribing practices of

The study explores community perspectives on changing opioid prescribing practices to reduce opioid overprescribing, use disorder, overdoses, and fatalities. Interviews were conducted with community stakeholders in four states. Three major themes were identified: acknowledging progress, emergent challenges, and opportunities for change. Stakeholders supported opportunities to reduce prescription opioid misuse and improve safer prescribing, including changing culture around pain expectations, awareness of safe disposal, additional provider education, and increased coverage and acceptability of non-opioid treatments.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


UMLS:C1822556

support increased coverage and acceptability of


UMLS:C4715669

Overdose education and naloxone distribution

The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) aims to develop and test an intervention, Communities That HEAL (CTH), to help communities increase the use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) to reduce opioid-involved overdose deaths. The study is being implemented in 67 communities across four states. Each community coalition must select at least five strategies, including one to implement each of the following EBPs: overdose education and naloxone distribution; expanded access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), linkage to MOUD, retention in MOUD, and safer opioid prescribing/dispensing. The selection process is facilitated by decision aid tools and includes data-driven goal setting, discussion and prioritisation of EBP strategies, selection of EBP strategies, and identification of next steps.


UMLS:C4715669

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

must select strategies to expand access to


UMLS:C4715669


UMLS:C0454111


UMLS:C0259967

The study estimates the prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) in Kentucky, using a multi-sample capture-recapture analysis. The analysis used four statewide datasets: Registry of Vital Statistics, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Kentucky's Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP), and Kentucky Medicaid. The estimated statewide OUD prevalence was 5.5% in 2018 and 5.9% in 2019, with the highest rates in Appalachian counties. The study reveals a larger proportion of Kentucky residents have OUD than previously estimated.


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C0454838


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UMLS:C4277641


UMLS:C0870424


UMLS:C0025071


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the impact of opioid use during pregnancy on the cognitive and behavioral development of children. While short-term neonatal outcomes like lower birth weight and neonatal abstinence syndrome are well-known, the long-term neurocognitive and mental health outcomes are still being studied. The paper reveals an association between neonates exposed to opioids in utero and longer-term adverse neurocognitive, behavioral, and developmental outcomes. These adverse effects may not be apparent in the neonatal period but may become more evident as the child reaches preschool and school age. The paper also explores strategies to support families impacted by opioid use disorder.


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C0032804

The study explores the best practices for engaging pregnant and postpartum women at risk of substance use in longitudinal research studies. The research was conducted through focus groups and individual interviews with 41 high-risk women. The findings identified key factors related to recruitment, enrollment, and retention of these women in the studies. The results indicated the need to prioritize recruitment, enrollment, and retention strategies to effectively engage vulnerable populations in research.


UMLS:C2957201


UMLS:C4272934


UMLS:C3178965


UMLS:C4540766


UMLS:C1306339


UMLS:C4534516


UMLS:C0035168

The paper discusses the lessons learned from 50 years of research on the developmental effects of prenatal exposure to substances like alcohol and drugs, including opioids. It emphasizes the importance of accurate assessment of exposure and the control of pre- and postnatal factors that impact development. The paper also highlights the challenges of polysubstance exposure and the difficulty in predicting outcomes before 18-24 months of age. The effects of prenatal substance exposure have been found to be small and specific rather than global. The paper calls for broad scientific efforts to understand how substances affect child outcomes and to initiate prevention and intervention where needed.


UMLS:C0747751


UMLS:C0871124


UMLS:C0557792

The study evaluated the severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) in infants exposed to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI) before birth. The study found that infants in the MOUD + SRI group were more likely to require pharmacologic treatment for NOWS and had a longer hospitalization compared to the MOUD group. The use of SRIs among pregnant women on MOUD might be associated with more severe NOWS.


UMLS:C0033011


UMLS:C0033011

The paper discusses the co-occurrence of maternal childhood adversity (CA) and opioid use during pregnancy, and its potential impact on the neurodevelopment of the offspring. The authors highlight the need for understanding the specific pathways through which these factors may interact and influence fetal brain development. They provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the effects of opioid exposure and maternal CA on offspring neurodevelopment during gestation and outline potential mechanistic pathways for future research.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


UMLS:C4715577


UMLS:C0242402

The study investigates the effects of prenatal opioid exposure and the benefits of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) on the brain functional organization of newborns. The study found that infants exposed to opioids prenatally showed altered brain functional organization, particularly in reward-related frontal-sensory connectivity. However, MOUD was associated with a significant reduction of these alterations, particularly in regions of endogenous opioid pathways. Despite this, significant residual effects were observed in limbic and subcortical circuitry. The study highlights the importance of MOUD for better neurodevelopmental outcomes.


UMLS:C5389789

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)


UMLS:C5389789


UMLS:C0008096

The study investigates the developmental outcomes of children exposed to alcohol and opioids prenatally. The study found that children exposed to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), or both showed significant changes in their cognitive, language, and motor scores between 6 and 20 months. The scores for unexposed children remained stable. The study emphasizes the need for repeated evaluations of children at high risk due to prenatal polysubstance exposure.


UMLS:C0008096


UMLS:C2349018


UMLS:C1955442

The study investigates the impact of in utero opioid exposure on fetal brain development. It was found that fetuses exposed to opioids had smaller brain measurements in seven areas compared to unexposed fetuses. Additionally, opioid-exposed fetuses showed higher frequencies of breech position and increased amniotic fluid volume. However, other measurements and indexes, including fetal motion, cervical length, and deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid, were not significantly different between the two groups.


UMLS:C1955442


EFO:0003843

The paper discusses the challenges of managing pain in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Pain is a common symptom in these patients and it negatively affects their quality of life, adherence to dialysis, healthcare utilization, and mortality. The treatment of pain in ESKD patients is complicated due to patient-related and health system-related barriers, and the limited availability of effective and safe non-opiate analgesics. This has led to the overuse of opioids. The paper proposes a framework for pain assessment and treatment using non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches to optimize pain management and opioid use. It also recommends system-level changes to improve care coordination and pain management in ESKD patients.


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C1514417


UMLS:C2032518

Care coordination and pain management in ESKD patients


UMLS:C4075526

The paper reviews pain management strategies for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). It suggests that nonpharmacologic therapies and nonopioid analgesics should be the first line of treatment. Opioids should be used minimally and only for patients who have not responded to other treatments. Among opioids, oxycodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, methadone, and buprenorphine are considered safer for patients with kidney disease, with buprenorphine being particularly promising due to its partial agonism at the mu opioid receptor.


MONDO:0004375


UMLS:C0002766


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


UMLS:C2882078

The paper discusses the prevalence of chronic pain and prescription opioid use among patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. It emphasizes the high vulnerability of these patients to complications from opioid use, as shown in recent studies. The paper calls for a balanced approach to pain management in these patients, including a careful assessment of the risks and benefits of opioid prescriptions.


UMLS:C2882078


UMLS:C3653393

The paper discusses the risks of opioid analgesics in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease. It suggests that reducing or discontinuing opioid use can improve pain outcomes, but abrupt changes can lead to harm and relapse. The paper also highlights the potential of nonpharmacologic treatments like psychosocial interventions, acupuncture, and interdisciplinary pain management programs in supporting opioid dose reduction. However, more research is needed in this area.


UMLS:C3653393


UMLS:C4050510


UMLS:C2874959

The paper discusses the prevalence of chronic pain in adults undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (HD) for kidney failure. It is reported that 50-80% of these patients experience pain, with half of them experiencing moderate-to-severe chronic pain. Despite the high prevalence, pain management in these patients is often ineffective. Opioid analgesics are frequently prescribed for these patients, but their use is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resource use. The paper also highlights that the current opioid prescribing patterns often do not align with guideline-recommended care. The effectiveness of opioids in managing pain in these patients is not well-established. However, the paper suggests that long-term opioid therapy can be beneficial for some patients if used selectively and carefully, with ongoing assessment of risks and benefits. The paper also discusses the potential of buprenorphine as an analgesic option for patients undergoing HD due to its unique pharmacological properties.


HP:0012532


UMLS:C0418996


UMLS:C4075526

The paper discusses the impact of Chronic kidney disease-associated-pruritus (CKD-aP), a common symptom in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing dialysis. CKD-aP often occurs with other symptoms like poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and pain, forming 'symptom clusters' that significantly impair the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients. These clusters may share a common biological mechanism. The paper also highlights that CKD-aP is underrecognized and undertreated in clinical practice. Studies have shown that treating pruritus can also alleviate other associated symptoms. The paper suggests that better understanding and management of CKD-aP and its associated symptom clusters can improve the overall symptom management and HRQoL of dialysis patients.


UMLS:C4075526


UMLS:C4544516


UMLS:C4028844


UMLS:C0870424

The study examined the impact of state laws limiting opioid prescriptions on the incidence of persistent postoperative opioid use. The study found that laws limiting opioid prescriptions were not associated with subsequent reductions in persistent postoperative opioid use.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:126961754


UMLS:C4715481

The paper investigates the correlation between the death rate from overdose among individuals who were released from the Rhode Island correctional system after the implementation of a comprehensive program of medications for addiction therapy.


UMLS:C5560051

Comprehensive program of medications for addiction therapy


UMLS:C0087178

The paper discusses the use of Goal Achievement Training (GAT) to improve substance use services for youth on community supervision in the juvenile justice system. The study highlights the high rates of substance use among justice-involved youth and the need for better screening, assessment, and treatment services. GAT is a training curriculum that helps juvenile justice agencies improve their care for youth probationers with substance use problems. It involves two sessions where participants are taught to identify goals and strategies for addressing areas of unmet need and principles of data-driven decision-making. The paper discusses the challenges and next steps in implementing GAT in juvenile justice settings.


UMLS:C1510553


UMLS:C0509000


UMLS:C3649263


UMLS:C4763569

The study investigates the changes in the provision of pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder at Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities over a two-year period. Despite mandates, most veterans with opioid use disorder do not receive these medications. The study found that the average rate of receipt of pharmacotherapy was 38% in 2016 and 41% in 2017. The average facility-level change in performance was 3%, with 32 facilities decreasing in provision, 12 with no change, and 85 increasing. It was difficult for facilities with average or high performance to maintain their performance over time. The study suggests that studying facilities with recent fluctuations may be more informative for future quality improvement efforts.


UMLS:C5389789


UMLS:C3469223


HP:0012532

The study assessed the effectiveness of the Harnessing Online Peer Education (HOPE) social media-based support group in engaging chronic pain patients on opioid therapy at risk for misuse/overdose to discuss risk reduction strategies. The results showed that the intervention group had significantly higher engagement than the control group. The participants discussed various topics including coping, pain, medication and non-medication treatments, and other opioid and addiction-related topics. This suggests that a HOPE online community might be an effective behavioral intervention tool among chronic pain patients on opioid therapy.


UMLS:C0150251


UMLS:C5541529

The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of buprenorphine, a medication used to treat opioid use disorder, in probation and parole settings. 320 individuals with a history of opioid use disorder, who are under probation or parole supervision, will be enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. They will be divided into two groups: one will receive Buprenorphine Bridge Treatment (BBT) using the MedicaSafe dispensing device immediately after an on-site intake at a community supervision office, while the other will receive Treatment as Usual (TAU), a referral to buprenorphine pharmacotherapy treatment in the community. The outcomes will be measured by illicit opioid oral saliva drug test results and treatment adherence. If successful, this intervention could have a significant impact on the delivery of buprenorphine treatment to the criminal justice population.


UMLS:C3506008


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073