frontal lobe epilepsy

A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by seizures which arise in the frontal lobe. A variety of clinical syndromes exist depending on the exact location of the seizure focus. Frontal lobe seizures may be idiopathic (cryptogenic) or caused by an identifiable disease process such as traumatic injuries, neoplasms, or other macroscopic or microscopic lesions of the frontal lobes (symptomatic frontal lobe seizures). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp318-9)


Ephedrine

A  phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.


Monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP)

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Physiologic Monitor Modules, Cardiac Output


Ischemic cerebral infarction

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UCP3 POLYMORPHISM G/A

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essential hypertension

Hypertension that presents without an identifiable cause.


status epilepticus

A life-threatening situation in which the brain is in a continuous state of seizure.


Neuroinflammation

Activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge and is characterized by a host of cellular and molecular changes within the brain.


Neuronal Plasticity

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caspase-3 activity

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irf5 gene (procedure)

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Hat - Headwear

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Oncology (non-small cell lung cancer), cell-free DNA, targeted sequence analysis of 23 genes (single nucleotide variations, insertions and deletions, fusions without prior knowledge of partner/breakpoint, copy number variations), with report of significant mutation(s)


Acute necrotising eosinophilic myocarditis


Intracytoplasmic vacuoles in eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes


myocardium

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The middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers.


cardiogenic shock

A rare, cardiac condition characterized by severely decreased cardiac output, hypoperfusion and end-organ dysfunction, in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. The clinical presentation is variable and may range from subtle hemodynamic alterations to overt cardiovascular collapse. Commonly reported features include dyspnea, crackles, elevated jugular venous pressure, altered mental state, abnormal pulse pressure, oliguria, cold extremities, and increased serum lactate levels.


Amino acids, incl. combinations with polypeptides


establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsoventral axis specification


laeverin

A membrane alanyl aminopeptidase-like metallopeptidase that is a translation product of the human LVRN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


SSRIs/SNRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/ Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)


Boys

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Generalized glucocorticoid resistance syndrome


receptor transactivation

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The process in which a receptor is activated by another receptor. Receptor transactivation can occur through different mechanisms and includes cross-talk between signaling pathways where one receptor activates a receptor for a different ligand, and also activation of subunits within a receptor oligomer.


AHR

An aryl hydrocarbon receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


A0A8X6IZ34_TRICU p53 transactivation domain-containing protein (trembl)


keloid

An irregularly shaped, elevated mark on the skin caused by deposits of excessive amounts of collagen during wound healing. It extends beyond the original boundaries of the wound and may enlarge progressively.


Bone Marrow-Derived Fibroblasts

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A biological sample containing fibroblasts isolated from the bone marrow of an experimental subject.


TGF-beta

A TGF-beta-like cystine-knot cytokine whose propeptide region is a latent associated peptide (LAP) that remains associated to the mature TGF-beta after cleavage and secretion, keeping TGF-beta inactive. TGF-beta is the founding member of the cystine-knot cytokine family, and is related to the activin/inhibin, anti-Muellerian hormone, and bone morphogenic protein families, which are all involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation.


Topiramate

A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.


Coenzyme Q10

A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.


acute kidney failure

Sudden and sustained deterioration of the kidney function characterized by decreased glomerular filtration rate, increased serum creatinine or oliguria.


Defense Mechanisms

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CFH

A complement factor H that is encoded in the genome of human.


wet macular degeneration

A form of RETINAL degeneration in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.


retinal drusen

Colloid or hyaline bodies lying beneath the retinal pigment epithelium. They may occur either secondary to changes in the choroid that affect the pigment epithelium or as an autosomal dominant disorder of the retinal pigment epithelium.


A complement factor H-related protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A neuroendocrine convertase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TSHB

A thyrotropin subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger

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A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation or inhibition of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide.


Protein Structure

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The amino acids and their 3-D arrangement in constituting a protein.


N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist [EPC]


Expand the patient's repertoire of coping mechanisms


Catalepsy

A nervous system disorder characterized by diminished responsiveness and consciousness, and rigidity of the body.


G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G, phosphodiester


renal glomerulus

A capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney[GO].


nephrin

A protein that is a translation product of the human NPHS1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Abnormal glomerular visceral epithelial cell morphology

Any structural anomaly of the podocyte, which is a highly specialized cell of the Bowman capsule and which forms multiple interdigitating foot processes. Podocytes are interconnected by slit diaphragms and cover the exterior basement membrane surface of the glomerular capillary.


dendrin

A protein that is a translation product of the human DDN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Encounter for 4-6 year old well child visit


Laron syndrome

Laron syndrome is a congenital disorder characterized by marked short stature associated with normal or high serum growth hormone (GH) and low serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) levels which fail to rise after exogenous GH administration.


primary insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency


Influenza vaccine, trivalent derived from recombinant DNA


Fetus Large for Gestational Age

A fetus exceeding 90% of expected weight for gestational age.


calcium chloride / magnesium chloride / potassium chloride / sodium acetate / sodium chloride


thoracic aortic aneurysm

An aneurysm formed in the wall of the proximal portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta.


Base Pair

The paired nucleotides in a DNA or RNA sequence.


lupus nephritis

Glomerulonephritis in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus.


A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Elevated systolic blood pressure

Abnormal increase in systolic blood pressure.


peripheral arterial disease

A disorder of the arteries supplying the upper and lower extremity and the visceral organs. This includes the mesenteric arteries, the renal arteries and the aorta and excludes cerebrovascular arterial disease. Patients experience cramping and pain usually in the calves and thighs while walking. The symptoms subside with rest.


Capecitabine

A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.


Solid Neoplasm

A benign or malignant neoplasm arising from tissues that do not include fluid areas.  Representative examples include epithelial neoplasms (e.g. lung carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma), and neoplasms arising from the soft tissues and bones (e.g. leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma).  Neoplasms originating from the blood or bone marrow (leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders) are not considered solid tumors.


heroin dependence

Physical and psychological dependence on the drug heroin.


A D(4) dopamine receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


aceruloplasminemia

An adult-onset disorder of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) characterized by anemia, retinal degeneration, diabetes and various neurological symptoms.


Iron Overload, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by accumulation of iron in the tissues.


Deferasirox

A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.


Iron

Please consider adding concept for iron dextran. CAS# 9004-66-4. Thank you.


Mantle cell lymphoma refractory

Mantle cell lymphoma resistant to treatment.


tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression measurement


KID syndrome

Keratitis (and hystrix-like) ichthyosis deafness (KID/HID) syndrome is a rare congenital ectodermal disorder characterized by vascularizing keratitis, hyperkeratotic skin lesions and hearing loss.


Intraventricular hemorrhage

Bleeding into the ventricles of the brain.


Listerial meningitis and meningoencephalitis


Respiratory Failure, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by impaired gas exchange by the respiratory system resulting in hypoxia and a decrease in oxygenation of the tissues that may be associated with an increase in arterial levels of carbon dioxide.


A secreted Ly-6/uPAR-related protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mal de Meleda

Mal de Melada (MdM) is a diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma initially reported from of the Island of Meleda characterized by symmetric palmoplantar hyperkeratosis that progressively extends to the dorsal surfaces of hands and feet (transgradiens). The disease can be associated to hyperhidrosis, lichenoid plaques and perioral erythema.


Loss of consciousness

Loss of alertness and orientation to place and time.


Fetal bradycardia

A fetal heart rate below 110 bpm that is sustained for longer than 10 minutes.


Potassium | Serum or Plasma | Chemistry - non-challenge


Sinus Rhythm

An electrocardiographic finding of an atrial rhythm which originates from the sinoatrial node that is considered normal for the population. (CDISC)


A0A023FHK2_AMBCJ Putative alternative splicing factor srp20/9g8 ixodes scapularis alternative splicing factor (trembl)


Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)


meningitis

A disorder characterized by acute inflammation of the meninges of the brain and/or spinal cord.


Daptomycin

A polypeptide comprising N-decanoyltryptophan, asparagine, aspartic acid, threonine, glycine, ornithine, aspartic acid, D-alanine, aspartic acid, glycine, D-serine, threo-3-methylglutamic acid and 3-anthraniloylalanine (also known as kynurinine) coupled in sequence and lactonised by condensation of the carboxylic acid group of the 3-anthraniloylalanine  with the alcohol group of the threonine residue.


Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein


glucocorticoid receptor isoform GR-P (human)

A glucocorticoid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04150-4.


nonsense-mediated mRNA decay factor SMG5

A protein that is a translation product of the human SMG5 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


NR3C1 Positive

Indicates that NR3C1 expression has been detected in a sample.


A cytochrome P450 2C8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


epoxygenase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.


DBH

A dopamine beta-hydroxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


Inflammation

A finding of a localized protective response resulting from injury or destruction of tissues. Inflammation serves to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. In the acute phase, inflammation is characterized by the signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Histologically, inflammation involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow; exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins; and leukocyte migration into the site of inflammation.


A protein disulfide isomerase CRELD1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


atrial septal defect 7

Atrial septal defect (ASD) with atrioventricular conduction defects is an extremely rare genetic congenital heart disease characterized by the presence of ASD, mostly of the ostium secundum type, associated with conduction anomalies like atrioventricular block, atrial fibrillation or right bundle branch block.


speech articulation sound substitution W for L


DNA analysis of PIK3CA gene, 11 variants in plasma, for mutation status


molecular detection of mutation in MTHFR gene in blood or tissue


A C-C chemokine receptor type 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Dietary intake assessment using food models


Asymmetrical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with basilar septal hypertrophy


COL3A1 gene targeted mutation analysis | Blood or Tissue | Mutations


History and physical of normal newborn infant with initiation of diagnosis and treatment


Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, vascular type

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, also known as the vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), is an inherited connective tissue disorder defined by characteristic facial features (acrogeria) in most patients, translucent skin with highly visible subcutaneous vessels on the trunk and lower back, easy bruising, and severe arterial, digestive and uterine complications, which are rarely, if at all, observed in the other forms of EDS.


brat

A protein that is a translation product of the brat gene in fruit fly.


syndromic dyslipidemia

A inherited lipid metabolism disorder that is part of a larger syndrome.


Endothelial Cells

The main type of cell forming the lining of blood and lymph vessels and the inner layer of the endocardium.


A guanylyl cyclase-activating protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cone-rod dystrophy

Inherited retinal dystrophies that belong to the group of pigmentary retinopathies.


Healthy Volunteers

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Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by the presence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, fever, renal abnormalities and neurological abnormalities such as seizures, hemiplegia, and visual disturbances. It is an acute or subacute condition.


Weight Loss, CTCAE

A finding characterized by a decrease in overall body weight; for pediatrics, less than the baseline growth curve.


Weight Fluctuation

Repetitive loss and regain of body weight.


Malar rash

An erythematous (red), flat facial rash that affects the skin in the malar area (over the cheekbones) and extends over the bridge of the nose.


Photosensitivity, CTCAE

A disorder characterized by an increase in sensitivity of the skin to light.


Sjogren-Larsson syndrome

A neurocutaneous disorder caused by an inborn error of lipid metabolism and characterized by congenital ichthyosis, intellectual deficit, and spasticity.


An aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


shrinking lung syndrome

A rare pulmonary complication of an underlying autoimmune disorder that is reported in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Reduced lung volumes result in restrictive ventilatory defect and a preserved carbon monoxide transfer coefficient.


A dachshund homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Q788Q8_CHICK BFGF protein (Fragment) (trembl)


apolipoprotein B-100

A protein that is a translation product of the human APOB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Marfan syndrome

A disorder of the connective tissue. Connective tissue provides strength and flexibility to structures throughout the body such as bones, ligaments, muscles, walls of blood vessels, and heart valves. Marfan syndrome affects most organs and tissues, especially the skeleton, lungs, eyes, heart, and the large blood vessel that distributes blood from the heart to the rest of the body (the aorta). It is caused by mutations in the FBN1 gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called fibrillin-1. Marfan syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. At least 25% of cases are due to a new (de novo) mutation. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms in each person.


A fibrillin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A0A090L7E8_STRRB Epidermal growth factor-like domain and EGF-like calcium-binding domain-containing protein (trembl)


DNA conformation change

A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule.


chronic periodontitis

A chronic inflammatory process that affects the tissues that surround and support the teeth.


A C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


inflammatory response

The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.


chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma

An indolent, mature B-cell neoplasm composed of small, round B-lymphocytes. When the bone marrow and peripheral blood are involved, the term chronic lymphocytic leukemia is used. The term small lymphocytic lymphoma is restricted to cases which do not show leukemic involvement of the bone marrow and peripheral blood.


marginal zone B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).


S6CNF6_SQUAC B-cell activating factor (trembl)


erythropoietin receptor

A protein that is a translation product of the human EPOR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Epor

An erythropoietin receptor that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


proerythroblast

An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.


erythroblast

A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers.


Scleroderma renal crisis

The onset of acute renal failure, normally coupled with marked hypertension in a patient with scleroderma.


systemic sclerosis

A chronic disorder, possibly autoimmune, marked by excessive production of collagen which results in hardening and thickening of body tissues. The two types of systemic scleroderma, limited cutaneous and diffuse cutaneous are classified with focus on the extent of affected skin. A relationship exists between the extent of skin area affected and degree of internal organ/system involvement. Systemic scleroderma can manifest itself in pulmonary fibrosis, Raynaud's syndrome, digestive system telangiectasias, renal hypertension and/or pulmonary hypertension.


thrombotic microangiopathy

The syndromes of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and variable signs of organ impairment, due to platelet aggregation in the microcirculation.


An interleukin-10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Recurrence

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A glutathione S-transferase P that is encoded in the genome of human.


neuronal pentraxin-1

A protein that is a translation product of the human NPTX1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Ischemic brain damage in which the entire brain is deprived of oxygen. It may be fatal or lead to long term disabilities including developmental delays, intellectual disability, and seizures.


activator of apoptosis harakiri

A protein that is a translation product of the human HRK gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A0A131YPV9_RHIAP Membrane associated er protein involved in stress response (trembl)


A superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] that is encoded in the genome of Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-.


peripheral neuropathy

A disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. It manifests with pain, tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness. It may be the result of physical injury, toxic substances, viral diseases, diabetes, renal failure, cancer, and drugs.


Patient cells show increased number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs)


amino-acid residue

When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue.


A0A8K0AH04_ANDGO Mitochondrial Complex III (CIII) ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase cytochrome c1 (Cyc1) (trembl)


A0A562LR28_9BRAD Rieske Fe-S protein (trembl)


An RNA polymerase-associated protein CTR9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Fetal development of the mammalian embryo or fetus


Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a recently described acute cardiac syndrome that mimics acute myocardial infarction and is characterized by ischemic chest symptoms, an elevated ST segment on electrocardiogram, and elevated levels of cardiac disease markers.


Zolmitriptan

A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.


intraprocedural fractional flow reserve measurement with coronary angiogram-derived 3D functional mapping


Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

The fraction of the left ventricular end diastolic volume ejected with each beat. The left ventricular ejection fraction is equal to the left ventricular stroke volume divided by the left ventricular end diastolic volume.


CCK-8; CCK 8; CCK8; SQ19844; Cholecystokinin octapeptide; Kinevac


hepatitis

An active inflammatory process affecting the liver for more than six months. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune disorders, drugs, and metabolic disorders.


congenital alveolar dysplasia

A congenital alveolar dysplasia characterized anatomically by a defective and hypoplastic development of pulmonary alveoli that is commonly associated with atelectasis and can be responsible for atelectasis.


reactive oxygen species

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.


An NADPH oxidase 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


VEGF-activated neuropilin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to a neuropilin protein on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


symbiotic interaction between host and organism


VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation (Rattus norvegicus)


anorectal malformation

An abnormality of the anus or rectum.


PI3K gain of function mutants phosphorylate PIP2 to PIP3 (Homo sapiens)


A bone morphogenetic protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of rat.


urorectal septum

The ridge of mesoderm covered with endoderm that in the early developing embryo partitions the endodermal cloaca into the primary urogenital sinus (ventrally) and the anorectal canal of the hindgut (dorsally); the urorectal septum eventually fuses with the cloacal membrane, dividing it into a dorsal anal membrane and a larger ventral urogenital membrane - this area of fusion is represented in the adult by the perineal body[MP].


Encourage admission of child for further observation and investigation, as appropriate


Ginsenoside B2; Panaxoside Re; Sanchinoside Re


Ginsenoside Rg1

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


beta blockers + calcium channel blockers


basophil mast progenitor cell

A cell type that can give rise to basophil and mast cells. This cell is CD34-positive, CD117-positive, CD125-positive, FceRIa-negative, and T1/ST2-negative, and expresses Gata-1, Gata-2, C/EBPa


Aconitine

A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.


Metformin

A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.


A Toll-like receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Q8I823_MYZPE Acetylcholinesterase AChE-B (Fragment) (trembl)


skeletal dysplasia

Any Mendelian diseases that affects growth and development of the skeleton.


diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, X-linked


A0A1E5RNK8_9ASCO Negative regulator of RAS-cAMP pathway (trembl)


Leucine

The L-enantiomer of leucine.


lung epithelium

The epithelial layer of the lung.


Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in conditions classified elsewhere and of unspecified site


Lung Injury

Damage to the lung from traumatic or pathologic processes.


atherosclerosis

Build-up of fatty material and calcium deposition in the arterial wall resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the arterial lumen.


cellular senescence

A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.


Attenuated Live Listeria monocytogenes Encoding KRAS G12D


A0A2L2T1L6_9HYPO E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SCF subunit (trembl)


pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas.


epigenetic programming in the endosperm

The global programming of epigenetic modifications following binucleate central cell fertilization. This involves DNA methylation at the silent allele. In the endosperm, maternal genomes are hypomethylated compared with the paternal genome.


gene expression

The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes.


Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action


linear skin defects with multiple congenital anomalies 1

Any microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the HCCS gene.


Comparative DNA analysis using multiple selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), urine and buccal DNA, for specimen identity verification


melanophilin

A protein that is a translation product of the human MLPH gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


ovarian clear cell cancer

An invasive malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary and is characterized by a predominance of clear and hobnail malignant epithelial cells.


CELLULAR AND SUBCELLULAR STRUCTURES

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Accidental drowning or immersion during placement fishing nets


BRAF V600E Negative

An indication that expression of the BRAF V600E mutation has not been detected in a sample.


Pazopanib

A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.


metastatic carcinoma

A carcinoma which has spread from the original site of growth to another anatomic site.


transgelin

A protein that is a translation product of the human TAGLN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Secondary malignant neoplasm of lung

The spread of a malignant neoplasm to the lung. This may be from a primary lung malignant neoplasm, or from a malignant neoplasm at a distant site.


CFI

A complement factor I that is encoded in the genome of human.


Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

A bilateral, chronic, diffuse granulomatous panuveitis typically characterized by serous retinal detachment and frequently associated with neurological (meningitis), auditory, and dermatological alterations.


Sezary syndrome recurrent

The reemergence of Sezary syndrome after a period of remission.


Karyocytomegaly and Multinucleated Hepatocytes

A finding of both karyocytomegaly and multinucleated hepatocytes in the same lesion.


PXY

A protein that is a translation product of the TDR gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.


A protein that is a translation product of the CLV1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.


jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance.


adenoid cystic carcinoma

A malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells. Microscopically, the neoplastic epithelial cells form cylindrical spatial configurations (cribriform or classic type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), cordlike structures (tubular type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), or solid structures (basaloid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma). Adenoid cystic carcinomas mostly occur in the salivary glands. Other primary sites of involvement include the lacrimal gland, the larynx, and the lungs. Adenoid cystic carcinomas spread along nerve sheaths, resulting in severe pain, and they tend to recur. Lymph node metastases are unusual; hematogenous tumor spread is characteristic.


A fatty acid-binding protein, brain that is encoded in the genome of human.


Dapt

A dipeptide consisting of alanylphenylglycine derivatised as a 3,5-difluorophenylacetamide at the amino terminal and a tert-butyl ester at the carboxy terminal. A gamma-secretase inhibitor.


Anti-CD133-CAR Vector-transduced Allogeneic T Lymphocytes

A preparation of allogeneic peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (PBTL) that have been genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for the chimeric CD (cluster of differentiation) 133 antigen receptor, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-CD133-CAR vector-transduced allogeneic T-lymphocytes specifically recognize and kill CD133-expressing tumor cells. CD133, a tumor associated antigen (TAA), is overexpressed on a variety of tumor cell types.


Untrimmed Placental Weight

The weight of the placenta after delivery, with membranes intact and some length of the umbilical cord attached, to the nearest gram, before draining the blood from the specimen.


Dendritic Cells

Immunocompetent cells of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. They function morphologically and phenotypically by presenting or processing antigens, thereby stimulating cellular immunity. They represent the most potent antigen-presenting cells and, therefore, play a critical role in the primary T cell immune response.


T-helper 2 cell

A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive, CXCR3-negative, CCR6-negative, and is capable of producing interleukin-4.


Sorafenib

A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 4-chloro-3-trifluorophenyl group while the other is substituted by a phenyl group which, in turn, is substituted at the para position by a [2-(methylcarbamoyl)pyridin-4-yl]oxy group.


A metallothionein-1G that is encoded in the genome of human.


alcohol

A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.


white adipose tissue

Connective tissue consisting of fat-storing cells and arranged in lobular groups or along minor blood vessels[MP,modified].


autophagy

The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.


Gartanin

A member of the class of  xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 5 and 8 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 4.


IGF-1R antisense oligodeoxynucleotide-treated autologous glioma cells


G1 phase

The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.


Anti-CD4 CAR T-cells

A preparation of T-lymphocytes that have been genetically modified and transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) CD4 and containing, as of yet undisclosed co-stimulatory signaling domains, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-CD4 CAR T-cells target and bind to CD4-expressing tumor cells, thereby inducing selective toxicity in CD4-expressing tumor cells. CD4 antigen is expressed in CD4-positive T cell lymphomas.


Decreased proportion of CD4-positive helper T cells

A decreased proportion of circulating CD4-positive helper T cells relative to total T cell count.


CD4 Positive Memory T-Lymphocyte

A mature T lymphocyte that has encountered antigen at a previous time and is primed to react strongly during its next encounter with that antigen. These cells can be identified by the presence of both the CD4 and CD45RO molecules on their surface.


An aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


Expression of Adiponectin (Homo sapiens)


retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


A phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


Human immunodeficiency virus type I infection with secondary cancers


PHEX

A phosphate-regulating neutral endopeptidase PHEX that is encoded in the genome of human.


hypophosphatemic rickets

Rickets due to low serum phosphate concentrations, the cause of which can be nutritional or genetic. This condition is characterized by normal parathyroid hormone concentrations, usually caused by renal phosphate wasting occurring in isolation or as part of a renal tubular disorder, and characterized by resistance to treatment with ultraviolet radiation or vitamin D.


Inflammation with Fibrosis and Tissue Destruction


BBSome-interacting protein 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human BBIP1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


W6KL05_9TRYP Intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein (trembl)


cilium

A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.


myofibrillar myopathy

Myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) describes a group of skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders, defined by the disintegration of myofibrils and aggregation of degradation products into intracellular inclusions, and is typically clinically characterized by slowly-progressive muscle weakness, which initially involves the distal muscles, but is highly variable and that can affect the proximal muscles as well as the cardiac and respiratory muscles in some patients.


desmin

A protein that is a translation product of the human DES gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


apoptosis regulator BAX

A protein that is a translation product of the human BAX gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. In this class the Bcl-2 domain is characterized by the presence of the BH3, BH1, and BH2 motifs.


A transcription regulator protein BACH1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


localized pulmonary fibrosis

Replacement of the lung tissue by connective tissue in a specific area of the lung.


MR angiography chest with attention to lung structure and function


Ethanol

A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.


A protein that is a translation product of the OCT4 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.


mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint

A cell cycle checkpoint that detects and negatively regulates progression from G2 to M phase as part of a mitotic cell cycle.


latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

A type 1 diabetes mellitus that is characterized by a less intensive autoimmune process, highly variable β-cell destruction, different degrees of insulin resistance and heterogeneous titre and pattern of islet autoantibody, sharing features with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.


esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a type of esophageal carcinoma (EC) that can affect any part of the esophagus, but is usually located in the upper or middle third.


DNA analysis of PIK3CA gene for mutation status


A serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma measuring equal to or less than 2 cm in diameter. It includes early hepatocellular carcinoma and small progressed hepatocellular carcinoma.


poor prognosis documented for rheumatoid arthritis


Elevated Expression

An indication that the expression of a gene, transcript or protein is higher than a previous value or a normal range of values.


High Phospho-AKT Immunohistochemical Expression


A zinc finger protein PLAGL2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

A colorectal adenocarcinoma that develops in patients with a history of ulcerative colitis.  Such carcinomas are usually multiple and flat.  Histologically, they are usually mucinous or signet-ring cell type.


Wound healing and wound care education

biolink:Activity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Presence of ERBB2 Overexpressing Disseminated Tumor Cells

An indication that single tumor cells or small clusters of tumor cells that are overexpressing ERBB2 are present in a tissue sample.


pair of lungs

The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung.


A0A1W5KKG5_EPICO IGF-1R-1 (Fragment) (trembl)


contrast-induced nephropathy

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Kidney damage resulting from exposure to contrast agents.


Emodin

A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.


Cerulenin

An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.


A serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 that is encoded in the genome of fruit fly.


D0VXD5_ORFV Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) (trembl)


MYC

A c-myc protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


Decreased B cells

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


A Myc target protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A0A8B9SYM6_ANAPL LIF receptor alpha (trembl)


Pregnancy

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


blastocyst

The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO].


A protein S100-A7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours


BRAF gene V600 mutations | Tissue and Smears | Mutations


paroxysmal dystonia

A form of dystonia characterized by episodes of dystonia (often hemidystonia or generalized) lasting from minutes to hours. There are no dystonic symptoms between episodes.


calcium-mediated signaling

Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions.


brain injury

Acute and chronic (see also brain INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and brain STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.


blood brain barrier

Cell layer consisting of lining cells that separates the central nervous system and the bloodstream. The BBB may consist of endothelial cells or glial cells. An endothelial barrier may have arisen independently several times during evolution. In bichir and lungfish the barrier is formed by brain endothelial cells, while in sturgeon it is formed by a complex perivascular glial sheath, but with no detectable tight junctions.


cell death

Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).


acute lung injury

A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (pulmonary edema) rich in neutrophils, and in the absence of clinical heart failure. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).


A protein that is a translation product of the human CAV1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A BMP receptor-regulated smad protein that is a translation product of the human SMAD1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a sporadic form of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial resistance leading to right heart failure. IPAH is progressive and potentially fatal and not associated with an underlying condition or family history of PAH.


Diffuse Pediatric-Type High Grade Glioma MYCN

An aggressive, WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma usually affecting children, adolescents, or young adults. It is characterized by the expression of MYCN molecular signature.


Impaired T cell proliferation and activation


coreceptor activity involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Lenomorelina

A 28-membered appetite-stimulating polypeptide consisting of Gly, Ser, Ser(octanoyl), Phe, Leu, Ser, Pro, Glu, His, Gln, Arg, Val, Gln, Gln, Arg, Lys, Glu, Ser, Lys, Lys, Pro, Pro, Ala, Lys, Leu, Gln, Pro and Arg residues joined in sequence. The O-n-octanoylation of the side-chain hydroxy group of serine-3 (Ser3) is essential for ghrelin's activity.


hypoglycemia

Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood.


erysipelas

An infection of the upper layers of the skin caused by species of streptococcus. Erysipelas results in a fiery red rash with raised edges that can easily be distinguished from the skin around it. The affected skin may be warm to the touch.


patient is male

biolink:OrganismAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass


Cytokines | Serum or Plasma | Chemistry - non-challenge


extracellular calcium-sensing receptor

A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor that is a translation product of the human CASR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Energy metabolism disorder with epilepsy


X-linked intellectual disability-cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome

X-linked intellectual deficit-cerebellar hypoplasia, also known as OPHN1 syndrome, is a rare syndromic form of cerebellar dysgenesis characterized by moderate to severe intellectual deficit and cerebellar abnormalities.


membrane fission

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous membrane into two membranes.


A0A8J6BTQ2_9EUKA Snf7/Vps24/ESCRT-III family (trembl)


pulmonary function tests airway resistance


Leukemic Cells Measurement

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Leukemic Cell

Malignant hematopoietic cell originating in the clonal proliferation of myeloid or lymphoid precursor that undergoes an aberrant and poorly regulated process of organogenesis resulted in arrested maturation and cell capacity for unlimited self-renewal.


Leukemia - acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)


biopsy of large intestine showed collagen deposition


Abnormal cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in hepatic macrophages


Angiotensin II

An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).


Chronic inflammation

An inflammatory process characterized by the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the absence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.


pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus White's classification B1


HPA 1 Recognition polymorphism, beta-globin-related


A protein bicaudal D homolog 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


spinal muscular atrophy

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) refers to a group of inherited conditions that affect the muscles. The severity of the condition; the associated signs and symptoms; and the age at which symptoms develop varies by subtype. In general, people with SMA experience progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles involved in mobility, the ability to sit unassisted, and head control. Breathing and swallowing may also be affected in severe cases. SMA is generally caused by changes (mutations) in the SMN1 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Extra copies of the SMN2 gene modify the severity of SMA. Rare autosomal dominant (caused by mutations in DYNC1H1, BICD2, or VAPB genes) and X-linked (caused by mutations in UBA1) forms of SMA exist. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.


nephrotic syndrome, type 6

Any nephrotic syndrome in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PTPRO gene.


Podocytes

A modified epithelial cell of the capsular epithelium of the renal glomerulus. It has a small perikaryon and a number of primary and secondary foot-like radiating processes (pedicels) that interdigitate with those of other podocytes and embrace the basal lamina of glomerular capillaries.


An arginase-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Anti-IL-4/IL-13 Combination Agent QBX258


perisynaptic extracellular matrix

The portion of the extracellular matrix that lies within the perisynaptic space.


A C-C chemokine receptor type 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


osteoarthritis

A noninflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons, characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins and changes in the synovial membrane. It is accompanied by pain and stiffness, particularly after prolonged activity.


osteoarthritis susceptibility 1

Any osteoarthritis in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the FRZB gene.


sensitization

An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched.


aggrecan core protein O-glycosylated 32 (human)

An aggrecan core protein (human) that has been O-glycosylated at the residue equivalent to Ser-2240 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P16112-1, in which the glycan composition is represented by GlyTouCan:G43417UB. Example: UniProtKB:P16112-1, Ser-2240, MOD:00002~GNO:G43417UB.


nociceptor nerve ending

A peripheral terminal of a peripheral, afferent sensory pain receptor cell that is sensitive to injury or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. The nociceptor nerve ending innervates target tissue and transduces noxious stimuli to the central nervous system via some axon(s).


Incision of tissue blocking rectum, infant


primary repair of lateral collateral and cruciate


Arthroscopic trimming of medial meniscus


innate immune response

Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.


A C-C motif chemokine 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Posterior Horn Cells

Neurons in the posterior (dorsal) horn of the spinal cord whose cell bodies and processes are confined entirely to the central nervous system. They receive collateral or direct terminations of dorsal root fibers. They send their axons either directly to anterior horn cells or to the white matter ascending and descending longitudinal fibers.


A cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Slow stimuli transmission in bilateral peripheral auditory pathways


neurotrophin

A protein that is a neurotrophic polypeptide factor that regulates neuronal differentiation and is essential for neuronal survival, neurite growth and plasticity. It contains a signal peptide, a propeptide, and a C-terminal Nerve growth factor family (Pfam:PF00243) domain.


Defective decussation of certain brainstem neuronal axonal pathways


Innate Immune System (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)


Chronic pain following surgical procedure for cancer


chronic pain syndrome

Chronic form of disorder involving pain.


Models, Human Anatomy

biolink:PhysicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


toxin

Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant.


protein kinase A signaling

A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


Decreased neurons in dorsal root ganglia


dpn

A protein that is a translation product of the dpn gene in fruit fly.


Chronic pain

Persistent pain, usually defined as pain that has lasted longer than 3 to 6 months.


History of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis


synovitis

Inflammation of a synovial membrane.


immunodeficiency 82 with systemic inflammation

A complex autosomal dominant immunologic disorder characterized by recurrent infections with various organisms, as well as noninfectious inflammation manifest as lymphocytic organ infiltration with gastritis, colitis, and lung, liver, CNS, or skin disease. One of the more common features is inflammation of the stomach and bowel. Most patients develop symptoms in infancy or early childhood; the severity is variable. There may be accompanying fever, elevated white blood cell count, decreased B cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, increased C-reactive protein (CRP), and a generalized hyperinflammatory state. Immunologic workup shows variable B- and T-cell abnormalities such as skewed subgroups. Patients have a propensity for the development of lymphoma, usually in adulthood. At the molecular level, the disorder results from a gain-of-function mutation that leads to constitutive and enhanced activation of the intracellular inflammatory signaling pathway.


Cannabigerol

A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species.


Stress

The negative mental, emotional, and physical reactions that occur when environmental stressors are perceived as exceeding the individual's adaptive capacities.


Expresses desire to enhance family resilience


biolink:ClinicalAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass


Irritability

A proneness to anger, i.e., a tendency to become easily bothered or annoyed.


Assure appropriateness of opioid dosage (e.g., large doses acceptable in opioid-tolerant patients but not opioid-nave patients)


Determine energy recommendation (e.g., Recommended Dietary Allowance) based on patient factors (e.g., age, weight, height, gender, and physical activity level)


Q57QD1_SALCH Lysosomal glycoprotein (Lgp)-containing structures replication in macrophages (trembl)


Symptom/complaint potency (excluding P07 P08)


Branch of right anterior choroidal artery to right hippocampus


Use of memories to assist in solving problems


closed renal biopsy complications persistent pain


regulation of oskar mRNA translation

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation. To ensure the localization of Oskar protein at the posterior pole of the oocyte, translation of oskar mRNA is repressed during its transport to the posterior pole and activated upon localization of the mRNA at the posterior cortex.


Translation Initiation Targets

The target that the mRNA translation initiates


Q6T5J3_HELPX Proinflammatory outer membrane protein (Fragment) (trembl)


Sickle cell-thalassemia disease

Hemolytic anemia, in which patients are heterozygous for both the sickle cell gene and a thalassemia gene.


Market services to healthcare professionals


Phenylpiperidine derivatives, opioid analgesics


Prescription opioids (fentanyl, oxycodone [OxyContin, Percocet], hydrocodone [Vicodin], methadone, buprenorphine, etc.)


mast cell degranulation

The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.


meningeal artery

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

One of the arteries supplying a meninix[Automatically generated definition].


Thermal burn

A burn injury caused by heat or fire.


Primary Care Physicians

biolink:Cohort biolink:StudyPopulation biolink:PopulationOfIndividualOrganisms biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon


A D(2) dopamine receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNG2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Hydrocodone

A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.


Purchased Services, Consulting, Business, Management


amygdala

Subcortical brain region lying anterior to the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe and anterior to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in some species. It is usually subdivided into several groups. Functionally, it is not considered a unitary structure (MM).


pallidum

Part of what are called the basal ganglia of the brain which consist of the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum.


neonatal abstinence syndrome

A constellation of neurobehavioral features observed in a neonate following antenatal exposure to drugs including opioids, benzodiazepines, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.


Mother-Infant Interaction

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Cancer patients and suicide and depression


male sex determination

The specification of male sex of an individual organism.


Caudal injection of opioid, postoperative


Heroin

A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.


osteoarthritis, hip

Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.


infective endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers (endocardium) and valves. This condition is sometimes called 'endocarditis,' although it is important to distinguish it from non-infective endocarditis. IE is caused bybacteria, fungi, or other germs invading the bloodstream and attaching to the heart. IE can damagethe heart and cause serious and sometimes fatal complications. It can develop quickly or slowly depending on what type of germ is causing it and whether there is an underlying heart problem. Common symptoms of IE are fever and other flu-like symptoms, but signs and symptoms can vary. It can also cause problems in many other parts of the body besides the heart. IE is typically treated with antibiotics for several weeks; some individuals may need heart surgery to repair or replace heart valves or remove infected heart tissue.


Cutaneous anergy

Inability to react to a delayed hypersensitivity skin test.


dura mater

Thick, fibrous meningeal covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three meningeal coverings. It consists of two layers: the periosteal dura linking the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal dura that lies above the arachnoid dural membrane. The meningeal layer draws away from the periosteal layer and certain locations to form the dural reflections.


A0A9L0SH84_HORSE CGRP receptor component (trembl)


Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Coding Sequence


Predisposition to Fungal Infections

An immune system finding indicating that an individual has a higher than normal tendency to develop fungal infections.


Influenza A virus (A/West Virginia/WV-159/2003(H3N2))


geographic distribution of health care facilities


Fetal brain

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


opioid use with specified opioid-induced disorder


substance abuse

The use of a drug for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed.


Pregnant Women

biolink:PopulationOfIndividualOrganisms biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon


anterior cingulate cortex

The frontal part of the cingulate cortex that resembles a collar form around the corpus callosum. It includes both the ventral and dorsal areas of the cingulate cortex. Wikipedia:File:Gray727.svg.


Coach residents and physicians through unfamiliar routines


Measurement of brain wave activity (EEG) with electrodes on brain to provoke seizures or identify brain structures, first hour


Accidents and Adverse Effects

Causes of death attributable to accidents or their adverse events.


mu-type opioid receptor isoform h6 (human)

A mu-type opioid receptor (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P35372-6.


Positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging


central nervous system

The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord.


peripheral nervous system

A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.


Hepatobiliary neoplasms malignancy unspecified


opiate dependence

Disorders related or resulting from abuse or mis-use of opioids.


Monitor for bloated feeling, abdominal distension, cramping pains, and excessive passage of gas from the mouth or anus


tibial muscular dystrophy

A distal myopathy characterized by weakness of the muscles of the anterior compartment of lower limbs, appearing in the fourth to seventh decade of life.


Flare-up

A sudden worsening of a condition.


Pimavanserin

A member of the class of ureas in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by 4-fluorobenzyl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, and 4-(isopropyloxy)benzyl groups. An atypical antipsychotic that is used (in the form of its tartrate salt) for treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease.


Lorcaserin

A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.


PhenX measure - race:-:Point in time:^Patient:-


Educational environment

biolink:Phenomenon biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


A proteinase-activated receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Afferent neuron

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An afferent neuron that converts environmental stimuli into electrical impulses that are transmitted to the central nervous system.


A protein that is a translation product of the PAR2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.


opioid analgesic

A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood.


Antimicrobial Stewardship

biolink:Activity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 1

biolink:Disease biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon

Any colorectal cancer in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the GALNT12 gene.


synthetic cannabinoid

A class of cannabinoid that consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occuring cannabinoids.


Acute and chronic dermal inflammation

biolink:PhenotypicFeature biolink:DiseaseOrPhenotypicFeature biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:ThingWithTaxon


Pediatric - patients with brain cancer - parent_child questionnaire - version 1


percutaneous fixation of supracondylar humeral fracture


Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging


Resting Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging


History and physical examination, annual for health maintenance


Action Taken with Pharmacological Treatment


Caudal injection of opioid, preoperative


Radiation Oncology Procedures: Computerized Planning


A disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.


Symptoms of mental and substance use conditions


INTRACRANIAL INJURY, EXCLUDING THOSE WITH SKULL FRACTURE


Acknowledges consequences associated with unintended pregnancy


Provide expert knowledge for those seeking help


Other pain disorders related to psychological factors


AP and lateral and Merchants and standing


Linear Energy Transfer-Optimized Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy


Agent Combination Not Indexed in Open Clinical Trials


pathology studies revealed nonspecific abnormal findings in specimens from skin


Coordinated care fee, physician coordinated care oversight services


post-traumatic stress disorder

An anxiety disorder precipitated by an experience of intense fear or horror while exposed to a traumatic (especially life-threatening) event. The disorder is characterized by intrusive recurring thoughts or images of the traumatic event; avoidance of anything associated with the event; a state of hyperarousal and diminished emotional responsiveness. These symptoms are present for at least one month and the disorder is usually long-term.


IVD Panels, Human Genetics, Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Brain, Intellectual Disability


Widespread Chronic Pain

A condition in which the nerves register normal stimuli (lack of tissue injury) as pain, resulting in feelings of intense pain with even minor sensory input.


Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change


Medication Management for Substance Abuse Treatment, Psychiatric Medication


Fetal cerebellar vermis hemorrhage

A type of fetal intracranial hemorrhage that occurs in the vermis of the cerebellum.


Butanoic acid;decanoic acid;dodecanoic acid;henicosanoic acid;heptadecanoic acid;heptanoic acid;hexadecanoic acid;hexanoic acid;icosanoic acid;nonadecanoic acid;nonanoic acid;octadecanoic acid;octanoic acid;pentadecanoic acid;pentanoic acid;tetradecanoic acid;tridecanoic acid;undecanoic acid


biofilm formation

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.


GM3 carbohydrate moiety

An amino trisaccharide that is the carbohydrate portion of ganglioside GM3. It comprises a linear sequence of alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl, beta-D-galactosyl and beta-D-glucose residues linked (2->3) and (1->4).


inhibition of single-species biofilm formation

biolink:PhysiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


ribosome

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.


Model 2004FAA Model 3-EEMK Model 3-EEMK-1 Model AA-8565 Model AA-8565-LATAM Model AWFAREMK Model CHAUTAUQUAEMK Model emk1000-10 Model FAREMK Model PMONTFAREMK Model SWEEMK Model SWEEMK-1 Model QXEMK Model G4FAREMK Model AA-8565 (excluding Miami Air) KIT


transcription factor EC isoform 1 (mouse)

A transcription factor EC isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Codeine

A  morphinane alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties.


Behavioral Health & Social Service Providers; Psychologist, Prescribing (Medical)


Oxycodone

A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine.  It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.


buprenorphine / naloxone Sublingual Tablet


Abdominal pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the abdomen.


New daily persistent headache

A bilateral, unremitting headache of mild to moderate intensity that occurs daily and may be associated with photophobia, phonophobia, or mild nausea.


Persistent inability to learn new information


Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis


Other cardiovascular diagnostic tests, measures or investigations


Cervical escharotic treatment each treatment


Naltrexone

An  organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.


brachial nerve plexus

An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine where it proceeds through the neck then the axilla and into the arm where it innervates skin and muscle. [WP,modified].


Provision of community suicide crisis line


heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0

A protein that is a translation product of the human HNRNPD gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Enucleation of eyeball with integrated implant


Identify patients with history of rectal prolapse


Knowledge level of behavior change process


Chronic Disease

A disease condition that persists over a significant span of time.


Neonatal Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome

A constellation of neurobehavioral features observed in a neonate following cessation or reduction of postnatal exposure to opioids.


Long term memory impairment

A deficit in the ability to retrieve information from long-term memory, which can be defined as a seemingly unlimited capacity to store memories can last years and relate to the performance of actions or skills (i.e., procedural memories, knowing how) and memories of facts, rules, concepts, and events (i.e., declarative memories, knowing that).


Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Detection/Identification Reagents


Post-Operative Pain

A sensation of discomfort secondary to surgery.


Perform sterile dressing changes and site care, as appropriate


upper intestinal tract inflammation or infection


HIV infection Centers for Disease Control group IV


Combined Pharmacological and Behavioral Treatment


pharmacologic therapy for cessation of tobacco use assessed


Phenobarbital

A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.


Pharmacokinetic Effect Consequences

The outcome that results from chemical interactions between a drug and another drug or food.


Neonatal epiphyseal stippling

The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in one or more epiphyses during the neonatal period.


inflammatory diarrhea

An diarrhea (disease) involving a pathogenic inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa.


dorsal root ganglion

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain. (MSH) * ganglion found on the posterior root of each spinal nerve, composed of the unipolar nerve cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the nerve. (CSP).


Injection procedure for chemonucleolysis of multiple lumbar intervertebral discs


cervical disc degeneration cervicothoracic


platelet receptor for type III collagen, human


A0A0A7HF36_HALRU Type IV collagen (trembl)


Mobile Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Units


Modic type I vertebral endplate changes

An abnormal magnetic resonance tomography signal from a vertebral endplate with a low signal on T1-weighted sequences and high signal on T2-weighted sequences. Modic type I changes are thought to represent bone marrow edema and inflammation.


Back Pain, CTCAE 5.0

A disorder characterized by a sensation of marked discomfort in the back region.


Virtual-display leg rehabilitation system


ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH, AMBULATORY, WITH ANALYSIS ALGORITHM


appendage musculature

Any collection of muscles that is part of an appendage.


thigh muscle fat infiltration measurement"@e


Recommend discontinuation of opioid administration by other routes


Red cell antigen phenotyping, patient red cells


Other Gynecological Procedures: Other Procedures


Insufficient knowledge of modifiable factors


Community psychiatric supportive treatment program, per diem


office-based treatment for opioid use disorder


Behavioral Activation Intervention to Smoking Cessation and to Post-Cessation Weight Gain


ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY, COCAINE AND COCAINE METABOLITES


respiratory system

Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration.


vagus nerve

Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart).


Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program


repair of retinal detachment patient to recovery alert, oriented, stable


digital therapeutics for opioid use disorder


Intra-oral Reflectance Confocal Microscopy


herpetic whitlow

A painful blister of the periungual skin that is caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2.


immune response

Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.


Methylprednisolone acetate

An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.


immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of a cell, leading to the activation or perpetuation of an immune response.


Nortriptyline

An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of  amitriptyline.


Ocular pain

An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the eye.


Patient counseling

biolink:Procedure biolink:NamedThing biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


Clinical Care Classification (CCC) v2.5 panel


preventive medicine new patient evaluation adolescent 12-17 years


A lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.


swine influenza

An acute viral respiratory infection caused by a strain of influenza virus which is endemic in swine (pigs). Rarely reported in humans prior to 2009, the disease is caused by a mutated strain of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus. It is highly contagious and spreads mainly through coughing and sneezing. Signs and symptoms include fever, chills, coughing, sore throat headache, muscle ache, and generalized weakness. Antiviral medications are most effective in the first two days of the illness.


Decreased neurons in spinal sympathetic ganglia


dorsal root ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dorsal root ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


Spinal cord injury (SCI), initial encounter


macrophage activation involved in immune response


Pioglitazone

A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.


sex

biolink:OrganismAttribute biolink:Attribute biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass


Immunologic hypersensitivity

Immunological states where the immune system produces harmful responses upon reexposure to sensitising antigens.


A6G9N6_9BACT Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) (trembl)


Short term memory impairment

A deficit in the retention of pieces of information (memory chunks) for a relatively short time (usually up to 30 seconds).


Endosomes

A membrane bound cytoplasmic compartment that drives molecular traffic between the plasma membrane and lysosome.


Aprepitant

A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.


lateral division of the central nucleus of the amygdala


parafascicular nucleus

Part of the posterior (caudal) intralaminar group of thalamic nuclei, located medial to the centromedian nucleus and ventral to the dorsomedial nuclei, that is associated with the limbic and associative striatum.


secondary somatosensory cortex

The area of the upper bank of the lateral sulcus that is involved in somatic sensation.


A0A653V407_BACAB Flotillin lipid rafts scaffold protein (trembl)


Neuropathic Pain

Chronic pain caused by damage to nerve fibers.  It is usually associated with tissue injury.


Raft

biolink:PhysicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


IL10 Anti-inflammatory Signaling Pathway

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


cellular response to nitroglycerin

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitroglycerin stimulus.


Indomethacin

A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.


A0A5A4LKE5_TRASC Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit GluA1 (Fragment) (trembl)


NRCAM

A neuronal cell adhesion molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


A0A2J8TA45_PONAB NRCAM isoform 10 (Fragment) (trembl)


Anti-FOXP3 Antisense Oligonucleotide AZD8701


therapeutic parenteral drugs, two or more administrations, different medications


Neural Pathways

The route in which a nerve impulse travels through a series of linked axons to connect different regions within the central nervous system or to convey information from the peripheral nervous system to the brain.


immune system

Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.


central amygdaloid nucleus

The output region of the amygdala responsible for controlling responses (Phelps & LeDoux, 2005, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 16242399).


Naloxone

A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.


A metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Allodynia

Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.


Local anesthetic sympathetic nerve block


Q6LB24_HUMAN B-50/GAP43 protein (Fragment) (trembl)


macrophage

A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells.


neuron-specific nclk regulatory protein p25


Transmission of MR spectroscopy data on biomarkers for spinal disc pain


laminectomy with ablation of spinal cord arteriovenous malformation


Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Sensory or motor loss of peripheral nerve function due to a traumatic event. (ACC)


Pharmacological activation requiring physician attendance during electroencephalographic (EEG) recording of activation phase


Gabapentin

A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.


dorsal horn interneuron

A CNS interneuron located in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.


I7GDE3_MACFA Macaca fascicularis brain cDNA clone: QflA-22214, similar to human legumain (LGMN), mRNA, RefSeq: NM_005606.3 (trembl)


oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

A squamous cell carcinoma arising from the oral cavity. It affects predominantly adults in their fifth and sixth decades of life and is associated with alcohol and tobacco use. Human papillomavirus is present in approximately half of the cases. It is characterized by a tendency to metastasize early to the lymph nodes. When the tumor is small, patients are often asymptomatic. Physical examination may reveal erythematous or white lesions or plaques. The majority of patients present with signs and symptoms of locally advanced disease including mucosal ulceration, pain, difficulty with speaking, chewing, and swallowing, bleeding, weight loss, and neck swelling. Patients may also present with swollen neck lymph nodes without any symptoms from the oropharyngeal tumor. The most significant prognostic factors are the size of the tumor and the lymph nodes status.


radiculopathy

Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see spinal nerve roots) which may result from compression related to intervertebral disk displacement; spinal cord injuries; spinal diseases; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.


A C-C chemokine receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TRACH CARE KIT TRANTRACHEAL TECHNOLOGIES #CK-6


Autofluorescent pigment in microglia and macrophages


A0A1T3C6T0_9HYPO PTH11-type GPCRs protein (trembl)


Progesterone receptor modulators, sex hormones and modulators of the genital system


Allogenic Pooled Olfactory Mucosa-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells


Peripheral neuropathy due to and following antineoplastic therapy

Any disorder affecting the peripheral nerves resulting from exposure to chemotherapeutic agents.


Peripheral nerve injury due to birth trauma


Isosakuranetin

A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).


Primidone

A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an  anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.


A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPA1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


trigeminal sensory nucleus

The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): * The mesencephalic nucleus * The chief sensory nucleus (or pontine nucleus or main sensory nucleus or primary nucleus) * The spinal trigeminal nucleus[WP].


Structure of spinal sensory afferent system


A0A0S7J194_9TELE NK1R (Fragment) (trembl)


plasma membrane

The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.


B cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.


Background retinopathy and retinal vascular changes


Inherited neuropathies

A hereditary disorder that affects the sensory and/or motor nerves or the autonomic nerves.


transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


Radiation-Induced Cancer

A malignant neoplasm arising in a site exposed to radiation therapy.


SMP protein, Schwann cell, Coturnix coturnix


visceromotor neuron

A motor neuron that synapses to parasympathetic neurons that innervate tear glands, sweat glands, and the smooth muscles and glands of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems.


aurora kinase A and ninein-interacting protein

A protein that is a translation product of the human AUNIP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Cholesterol

A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.


Microglia

A type of glial cell that mediates immune responses by clearing cellular debris and dead neurons from nervous tissue through phagocytosis.


A probable G-protein coupled receptor 160 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Mitochondria

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Mitochondria contain distinctive ribosomes, transfer RNAs, amino acyl t-RNA synthetases, and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus for many essential messenger RNAs. Mitochondria consist of two sets of membranes, a smooth continuous outer coat and an inner membrane arranged in tubules or more often in folds that form platelike double membranes (cristae). Mitochondria are the principal energy source of the cell and contains the cytochrome enzymes of terminal electron transport and the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP.


calcitonin receptor

A calcitonin receptor protein that is a translation product of the human CALCR gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A0A0D3MTH6_ONCMY Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (trembl)


Trigeminal Ganglion/Trigeminal Nerve

A tissue sample that contains the trigeminal ganglion and branches of the trigeminal nerve.


somatotropin

A somatotropin hormone family member that is a translation product of the human GH1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


cathepsin S

A cathepsin-like protease that is a translation product of the human CTSS gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Acute exacerbation of chronic abdominal pain


autonomic nervous system

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO].


Adaptive Immune System (Dictyostelium discoideum)


sympathetic ophthalmia

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis usually occurring within the three months following trauma or a surgical procedure involving one eye.


Astrocytes

A heterogeneous group of specialized neuroglial cells with many diverse supporting roles in the structure, function, and homeostasis of the central nervous system.


long-term synaptic depression

A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the decrease in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.


astrocyte activation

A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.


Norepinephrine

The R-enantiomer of noradrenaline.


Increased Sympathetic Norepinephrine Activity


A short transient receptor potential cation channel TRPC4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


synaptic transmission, glutamatergic

The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


neurotensin receptor type 1

A neurotensin receptor that is a translation product of the human NTSR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E that is encoded in the genome of human.


colitis

Inflammation of the colon.


protein kinase C

A protein that is a protein kinase C either from calcium-dependent, calcium-independent or atypical or proteinsa Ser/Thr protein kinases that control many different aspects of neuronal function. Contains(Pfam:PF00168), a Protein kinase domain (Pfam:PF00069) and a Protein kinase C terminal domain (Pfam:PF00433).


Mycobacterium tuberculosis stimulated gamma interferon release by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells


oxytocin-neurophysin 1

A protein that is a translation product of the human OXT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


A peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Voluntary

biolink:Behavior biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ActivityAndBehavior biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


A0A0S3QR29_LABRO Iron/manganese superoxide dismutases (Fragment) (trembl)


cerebellum

Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA].


Oral aversion

Reluctance or refusal of a child to be breastfed or eat, manifested as gagging, vomiting, turning head away from food, or avoidance of sensation in or around the mouth (i.e. toothbrushing or face-washing).


Tactile hypersensitivity

A decreased tolerance to physical touch.


trigeminal ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trigeminal ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


facial neuralgia

Neuralgic syndromes which feature chronic or recurrent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease. Disorders of the trigeminal and facial nerves are frequently associated with these conditions.


Anterior crossbite with destruction of oral mucosa


interstitial cystitis

A rare chronic debilitating urogenital disease characterized by urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain.


overactive bladder

Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. urinary incontinence may or may not be present.


brain hypoxia - ischemia

A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ischemia) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ischemic attack, transient; brain infarction; brain edema; coma; and other conditions.


spastic cerebral palsy

A form of cerebral palsy wherein spasticity is the exclusive impairment present.


sensory pathway

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


sensory peripheral neuropathy

Inflammation or degeneration of the sensory nerves.