UMLS:C0439656


UMLS:C0439656

The study found that voluntary wheel running before nerve injury can prevent chronic pain in both male and female rats. This is achieved by maintaining redox homeostasis after sciatic nerve injury. The study showed that 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running reduced neuropathic pain development induced by chronic constriction injury. This was associated with reduced nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, a marker for peroxynitrite, at the sciatic nerve injury site. The study also found that voluntary wheel running increased superoxide scavenging by elevating the expression of superoxide dismutases 1 and 2. The prevention of neuropathic pain was associated with the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master transcriptional regulator of the antioxidant response.


UMLS:C0006669

The study investigates the role of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraine pathophysiology. The cerebellum, which has the most CGRP binding sites in the central nervous system, was identified as a potential site of CGRP action. CGRP was injected into the right medial cerebellar nuclei (MN) of mice, which resulted in behaviors indicative of migraine-like symptoms such as light aversion, increased anxiety, tactile hypersensitivity, and spontaneous pain. These effects were more pronounced in female mice. The study suggests that the cerebellum may be a new site of CGRP actions contributing to migraine-like hypersensitivity.


UMLS:C0006669


UMLS:C0006669

The research paper investigates the expression of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the calcitonin receptor (CTR) in the trigeminal ganglia, a key site in craniofacial pain and migraine. The study found that both CGRP and CTR are expressed in the trigeminal ganglia neurons of rats, mice, and humans. In rats and mice, 30-40% of trigeminal ganglia neurons displayed CTR-like immunoreactivity in their cell bodies, with approximately 78-80% of these also containing CGRP-like immunoreactivity. The results suggest that CGRP could act in an autocrine manner through a CTR-based receptor, such as the AMY1 receptor, and that a trigeminal ganglia CTR-based receptor may be activated during a migraine, representing a potential target for treatment.


NCBIGene:11330


UMLS:C0083846


HP:0100333

The study investigates the role of cholecystokinin (CCK1) receptors in the development of somatic pain hypersensitivity, a common symptom in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The research found that unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC), a type of TMD, can induce somatic pain hypersensitivity. This hypersensitivity is promoted by the CCK1 receptor-mediated descending facilitation system through neuron-glia cell signaling cascade. The study also found that the expression levels of CCK1 receptors, interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-18 receptors (IL-18R) were significantly up-regulated in the L4 to L5 spinal dorsal horn at 4 weeks post UAC. Blocking CCK1 and IL-18 receptors can prevent somatic pain hypersensitivity.


UMLS:C0665860


UMLS:C0535876


NCBIGene:227289

The study identifies the role of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in chronic bladder conditions such as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) and overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). The receptor was found in all layers of the bladder and in the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in mice. The study shows that activation of TGR5 with synthetic agonist CCDC enhances sensitivity to bladder distension, suggesting that TGR5 may be a potential target for treating IC/BPS and OAB.


UMLS:C0108746


UMLS:C0108746

increases activation by bladder distension


NCBIGene:227289

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS)

may be important to the symptoms associated with


NCBIGene:227289


UMLS:C0149878

The study investigates the relationship between prenatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury, which can cause cerebral palsy (CP), and changes in spinal nociceptive circuitry. The research was conducted on New Zealand White rabbit kits, and it was found that HI caused an expansion of peptidergic afferents in both the superficial and deep dorsal horn. The study also found that mechanical and thermal nociception was enhanced in HI kits even in the absence of motor deficits. The findings suggest that prenatal HI injury impacts spinal sensory pathways in addition to the more well-established disruptions to descending motor circuits.


UMLS:C2987303


UMLS:C0994218


UMLS:C0086468


PR:000017550

The study found that the protein 14-3-3γ is upregulated in peripheral sensory neurons following activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) with the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI). This protein is necessary for the long-term inhibition of KOR by norBNI in peripheral sensory neurons. Knockdown of 14-3-3γ eliminates the long-term reduction in KOR-mediated cAMP signaling by norBNI in peripheral sensory neurons in culture and in the rat hind paw.


PR:000017550


PR:000008875

The paper reviews the pharmacology of the calcitonin peptide family of receptors and their relationship to migraines and current migraine therapies. It focuses on the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), amylin, and adrenomedullin. These peptides and their receptors have been linked to migraines and migraine-like behaviors. The paper suggests that females may be more sensitive to amylin and CGRP in the context of migraines. It also discusses the specificity of current drugs with regards to CGRP isoforms and how this may influence therapeutic profiles. The paper concludes that receptors related to the canonical CGRP receptor may represent underappreciated and novel drug targets.


UMLS:C0086287


UMLS:C2183194


UMLS:C0675239

Receptors related to the canonical CGRP receptor


UMLS:C0682650

The paper discusses the role of interoception in maintaining physiological status and metabolic homeostasis. It highlights the importance of skeletal remodeling in providing skeletal scaffolding, supporting muscle movement, storing vital minerals, and maintaining a niche for hematopoiesis. The paper also discusses the role of the nervous system in regulating skeletal metabolism and how skeletal interoception regulates bone homeostasis. The paper further discusses the role of skeletal interoception in pathological conditions and skeletal pain.


UMLS:C0682650


UBERON:0001016


UMLS:C0411818


UMLS:C0027883

The study investigates the role of Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA/NTRK1) in pain transmission and osteoarthritis (OA) pain. The researchers used mice with sensory neuron-specific deletion of TrkA and induced OA in them. They found that OA-associated joint pain was significantly improved in these mice, and this was associated with suppression of the NGF/TrkA pathway and reduced angiogenesis in synovial cells. The study suggests that augmentation of NGF/TrkA signaling in the joint synovium and the peripheral sensory neurons facilitate pro-nociception and centralized pain sensitization.


GO:0048011


UMLS:C0262593

The study found that peripheral nerve injury sensitizes a network of spinal cord dorsal horn neurons to produce allodynia and neuropathic pain. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor-expressing interneuron (Y1-IN) population is identified as a potential target for drug development. The study reports that nerve injury enhances the excitability of Y1-INs and causes allodynia and affective pain. The study concludes that spinal Y1-INs are necessary for the behavioral symptoms of neuropathic pain and represent a promising target for future pharmacotherapeutic development of Y1 agonists.


CL:0011000


UMLS:C5547167


UMLS:C0014139

The study investigates the role of clathrin-dependent endocytosis in the sensitization of nociceptors and synaptic transmission in spinal nociceptive circuits, which are involved in chronic pain. The research found that mRNA encoding dynamin (Dnm) 1 to 3 and adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1), which mediate this endocytosis, were found in primary sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia in both mice and humans. Therapeutic targeting of endocytosis through the inhibition of clathrin, Dnm, and AAK1 was found to reverse allodynia and hyperalgesia, and normalize behavior in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, without affecting normal motor functions. This suggests that endocytosis inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic approach for pain treatment.


PR:000003526

Dynamin (Dnm) 1 to 3 and Adaptor-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1)


UMLS:C5669671


UMLS:C3896879

GPCR-mediated sensitization of nociceptors


UMLS:C4553905

The study investigates the effect of NIS-lncRNA antisense oligonucleotides on neuropathic pain caused by nerve trauma, chemotherapy, or diabetes. The research found that intrathecal injection of NIS-lncRNA antisense oligonucleotides reduced neuropathic pain symptoms without causing cellular toxicity or affecting locomotor function. This suggests that NIS-lncRNA antisense oligonucleotides could potentially be used for neuropathic pain management in clinical settings.


UMLS:C4553905


NCBIGene:64652


UMLS:C2224448

The study investigates the feasibility and acceptability of a smartphone application with an electronic headache diary and a progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) intervention for people with migraines. The app was used by 51 participants over a 90-day period, with PMR sessions lasting a median of 11 minutes. The app was recommended by 85% of participants and PMR by 91%. The study found a significant decrease in MIDAS scores and an increase in headache-free days with more frequent PMR use. The study concludes that the smartphone-based PMR is feasible and acceptable for patients with migraines.


UMLS:C0454043


UMLS:C4064248


UMLS:C2718059

The study found that implementing individualized care plans for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who are frequently admitted to the hospital due to pain significantly reduced the duration of hospitalization by 1.23 days and decreased 7-day readmission rates by 34%. The use of intravenous hydromorphone also decreased by 25%. These changes resulted in potential cost savings of $1,398,827. Importantly, these improvements did not worsen pain intensity scores, suggesting that individualized care plans are a promising strategy for managing acute pain crises in adult SCD patients.


UMLS:C2718059


UMLS:C2984058

The study investigates the disparities in telehealth utilization among patients with pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research found that older patients, those with public insurance, and those identifying as Black or Hispanic were more likely to use telephone visits during the shutdown and in-person visits during the reopening. The study also found that patients who used video visits during the shutdown were more likely to continue using video visits during the reopening, despite the availability of in-person visits. The findings suggest that flexibility in healthcare delivery methods may reduce barriers to access.


UMLS:C0522007

Older patients, publicly insured, Black or Hispanic


UMLS:C0522007


UMLS:C2984058


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:643985

The study found that a single haplotype, tagged by rs10485058, in the OPRM1 gene was significantly associated with the efficacy of methadone treatment for opioid dependence. Patients with the A/A genotype at rs10485058 were less likely to have opioid-positive urine drug screens than those with the A/G and G/G genotypes. This genotype also predicted self-reported relapse rates in an independent population of Australian patients of European descent receiving opioid substitution therapy. The study suggests that medication selection based on rs10485058 genotype might improve treatment outcomes.


MESH:C118181


UMLS:C4554792


PR:000045445


NCBIGene:407052

Reporter activity of constructs containing the G allele of rs10485058


UMLS:C2034861

The study found that relapse rates for opioid use disorder are high after short-term inpatient treatment and withdrawal without follow-up medication assisted treatment (MAT). However, the use of extended-release injection naltrexone (XR-NTX) showed a protective effect against relapse across all treatment settings, including short-term inpatient, long-term inpatient, and outpatient.


UMLS:C3693403


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

Extended-release injection naltrexone (XR-NTX)


UMLS:C5231074


UMLS:C0946429

The study investigates the relationship between sex risk behaviors and substance use severity among men undergoing substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. The findings suggest that changes in sex risk behaviors coincide with changes in drug/alcohol use severity. Decreased alcohol severity was associated with a decrease in reported sex partners, while increased alcohol severity was linked to an increase in reported sex partners. Increasing drug use severity was associated with maintaining and initiating sex with a high-risk partner. However, changes in drug/alcohol use severity were not associated with changes in unprotected sex. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating interventions in SUD treatment settings that address the intersection of sex risk behaviors and substance use.


CHEBI:30879


UMLS:C2183194

associated with maintaining and initiating


UMLS:C2551598


UMLS:C0037369

The study found that cigarette smoking among people living with HIV/AIDS who also abuse alcohol and/or illicit substances may affect their immunological functioning. Non-smokers were found to be more likely to achieve viral suppression compared to smokers with medium-to-high scores on the Heaviness of Smoking Index. Smokers were less likely to have low CD4 count at the start and 6-month follow-up, but more likely to have low CD4 count at the 12-month follow-up.


UMLS:C0037369


UMLS:C0337672


UMLS:C0337664


UMLS:C4759347

The study investigates the effect of a contingency management (CM) intervention targeting methamphetamine (MA) use on cigarette smoking. The study found that individuals with MA-use disorders who were smokers and received CM were 140% more likely to submit a smoking-negative breath sample compared to those who received standard psychosocial treatment. This suggests that a behavioral treatment for MA use can result in reductions in cigarette smoking in adults with MA-use disorder.


UMLS:C1456624

Individuals with Methamphetamine-use disorders


UMLS:C2108038

Individuals who received Contingency management intervention


UMLS:C2065025


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

The study compared the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) in preventing opioid relapse. The study found that it was more difficult to initiate patients on XR-NTX than BUP-NX, which negatively affected overall relapse. However, once initiated, both medications were equally safe and effective. The study suggests that future work should focus on facilitating induction to XR-NTX and on improving treatment retention for both medications.


UMLS:C1320105


UMLS:C2138386


UMLS:C4018909


UMLS:C0043210

The study reveals that the gender gap in substance use disorders (SUDs) is closing, with both biological sex and gender roles contributing to the initiation and course of SUDs. Biological differences are seen in brain structure, endocrine function, and metabolic function. Women often face more severe consequences associated with SUDs, but treatment outcomes do not significantly differ between men and women. The study calls for more research into hormonal factors, translation of findings between animal and human models, and gender differences in understudied populations.


UBERON:0000955


CHEBI:24621


UMLS:C0033011


UMLS:C0521995

The study analyzed the cognitive profiles of adults seeking treatment for substance use disorders at various community-based facilities. The cognitive performance of individuals using different substances (alcohol, cocaine, stimulants, opioids, marijuana) was compared. The study found that half of the sample showed impairment in cognitive flexibility and reasoning, and over a third had impairment in verbal learning and memory. Stimulant and cocaine users showed significantly greater clinical impairment in attention and mental control compared to alcohol and opioid users. Cocaine users showed the greatest overall impairment, although these were not statistically different from other subgroups. The study confirmed a high prevalence of significant cognitive dysfunction across all substance use categories and found that cocaine use appears to be associated with the most impairment.


UMLS:C0239076


UMLS:C2963182

The study used latent class analyses to identify different groups of people living with HIV based on their substance use behaviors and arrest history. Five classes of substance users and three classes of arrest history were identified. Demographic variables like age and ethnicity were associated with class membership for some groups, but participation in substance use treatment was significantly associated with all classes. The findings suggest that HIV intervention strategies may need to consider these nuanced differences.


UMLS:C2963182


UMLS:C0150358


UMLS:C0150413


UMLS:C1289821

The study reevaluated the psychometrics of the self-report Concise Associated Symptoms Tracking Scale (CAST-SR) in a new sample of individuals with stimulant use disorder who were receiving either aerobic exercise or health education interventions and antidepressant medication. The results showed a 12-item measure composed of 4 factors: irritability, anxiety, panic, and insomnia. The factor structure was only found in participants prescribed antidepressant medication. The study confirmed the reliability and validity of the CAST-SR in this new population.


UMLS:C0301389


UMLS:C0237919


UMLS:C2957784


UMLS:C1289821


UMLS:C0946429

The study identifies barriers and facilitators affecting the implementation of substance use screening in primary care clinics. The study found that while patients and providers agree on the importance of substance use screening, there are several barriers to its implementation. Patients expressed concerns about the consequences of disclosing substance use, confidentiality, and reluctance to acknowledge a substance use problem. Providers identified individual-level factors such as lack of clinical knowledge and training, as well as systems-level factors including time pressure, resources, lack of space, and difficulty accessing addiction treatment. Most participants preferred a patient self-administered approach to screening and emphasized the importance of effective action once unhealthy substance use is identified.


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C1138603


UMLS:C2957837


UMLS:C0038586

The study analyzed data from 2000 adult primary care patients to understand the prevalence and patterns of multiple substance use disorders (SUDs). It was found that multiple SUDs were common among participants with SUD for alcohol, cannabis, prescription opioids, cocaine, and heroin. Factors such as being male, aged 26-34, less educated, and unemployed increased the odds of having multiple SUDs. The severity of tobacco or alcohol use disorder was associated with having multiple SUDs. The study suggests that primary care physicians should be aware of multiple SUDs when planning treatment, especially for adults who are male, younger, less educated, or unemployed.


UMLS:C0494388

Male, Age 26-34, Less educated, Unemployed


UMLS:C0494388

Severity of tobacco or alcohol use disorder


UMLS:C0043210

The study found that there are sex differences in opioid use during buprenorphine/naloxone treatment for opioid addiction. Women were more likely than men to use opioids during the course of the clinical trial. A significant decrease in opioid-positive samples was found during treatment for men, but not for women. Medical issues were positively related to submitting an opioid-positive sample during treatment for women, but not for men.


UMLS:C0038586

The study discusses the need for a non-abstinence-based end-point in substance use disorder (SUD) trials, similar to those used in alcohol use disorder trials. The current standard for a meaningful outcome in SUD trials is a reduction in drug use associated with improved long-term functioning. However, the link between drug use and psychosocial problems is weak. The study suggests that measures of negative psychosocial and health consequences of drug use, rather than overall functioning, should be included in the effort to establish meaningful non-abstinence-based end-points.


UMLS:C5234947


UMLS:C0038586


UMLS:C1515945

American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs)

The paper discusses the challenges and potential strategies for implementing medication assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorders (OUDs) in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. The main findings include the identification of five themes: the conflict between Western medicine and AI/AN healing traditions, the need to integrate MAT into traditional healing, the desire for medicine-free healing, systemic barriers, and the need for culturally relevant research methods. The paper suggests strategies such as choosing the right medication, educational interventions, care coordination, and psychosocial counseling. A community-based participatory research approach is recommended to integrate Western and Indigenous worldviews.


UMLS:C5560050


UMLS:C0949912


UMLS:C0814369


UMLS:C4746449

The study analyzed data from 699 adults with Opioid use disorder (OUD) who were treated with either methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone for at least 5 years. It was found that 33.2% of the participants achieved 5-year abstinence from heroin, and 20.7% remained abstinent from both heroin and other opioids. Factors such as cocaine use, injection drug use, ethnicity, and treatment location affected the likelihood of achieving abstinence. Older age at first opioid use, lower impulsivity, longer duration of treatment, and greater social support were positively associated with abstinence.


UMLS:C4746449

5-year abstinence from heroin and other opioids


UMLS:C0742506


UMLS:C2135343

Hispanics and those treated in clinics on the West Coast


UMLS:C5396445

Older age at first opioid use, lower impulsivity, longer duration of treatment, and greater social support


UMLS:C0919045

The study examined the trends and characteristics of inpatient detoxification for drug use disorders (DUDs) in the United States from 2003 to 2011. It found that there was no significant yearly change in the rate of inpatient drug-detoxification hospitalizations during this period. The majority of these patients were aged 35-64, male, and on Medicaid. Only 13% of these hospitalizations included detoxification plus rehabilitation, and up to 14% were discharges against medical advice (DAMA). The most common diagnoses were opioid use disorder (75%) and non-addiction mental health disorders (48%). Being on Medicaid and having an opioid use disorder were associated with decreased odds of receiving detoxification plus rehabilitation and increased odds of DAMA. These findings suggest a large gap in detoxification treatment for inpatient detoxification patients.


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C0679732

The paper presents a retrospective evaluation of a new treatment program in California for substance use disorders. The program provides a variety of services through affiliated licensed and certified outpatient providers. The evaluation focused on program inputs, activities, and outputs, and did not assess patient outcomes. The initial 18 clients received an average of 143 treatment sessions, with the most frequently received services being integrative healthcare, group therapy, and individual therapy. The comprehensive approach of the program may extend addiction treatment beyond its usual boundaries.


UMLS:C0008942


UMLS:C1709488

The study investigates the views of patient navigators on the use of financial incentives to influence patient involvement in the study, substance use, and HIV treatment. The study found that patient navigators believe that financial incentives motivate patients to attend navigation sessions, especially early in the study, which helps establish rapport and develop relationships. Financial incentives also positively influenced HIV health-related behaviors, such as attending medical appointments. However, the use of contingency management for substance use-related behaviors was more complex, especially when incentives were tied to negative urine screening. The study concludes that while financial incentives can be helpful in influencing patient behaviors, their use for drug-related behaviors needs further examination.


UMLS:C0021147


UMLS:C4759347


UMLS:C2236123

The study investigates the impact of health care reforms and Medicaid expansion in Oregon on the treatment of alcohol use disorders. The data showed an increase in treatment entry rates from 35% in 2010 to 41% in 2015 after the introduction of Coordinated Care Organizations and Medicaid expansion. The number of Medicaid enrollees diagnosed with alcohol use disorder also increased by about 150% from 10,360 in 2013 to 25,454 in 2014. Furthermore, the percentage of individuals with an alcohol use disorder who were prescribed medication to support recovery increased from 2.3% in 2010 to 3.8% in 2015.


UMLS:C3650363

Individuals with an alcohol use disorder


UMLS:C0013969

The paper discusses the development of a quality improvement framework for the treatment of opioid use disorder in emergency departments. The framework was developed by experts from the National Institute on Drug Abuse's Center for the Clinical Trials Network, the American College of Emergency Physicians' Clinical Emergency Data Registry, and other federal agencies. The framework includes specific structural, process, and outcome measures to guide policy, research, and clinical quality improvement in emergency medicine for opioid use disorder.


UMLS:C2936612


UMLS:C0242402


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515

Extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-naltrexone)

The study compared the effectiveness of extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-naltrexone) and oral naltrexone, both combined with behavioral therapy, in treating opioid use disorder. The results showed that patients treated with XR-naltrexone had twice the rate of treatment retention at 6 months compared to those taking oral naltrexone. This suggests that XR-naltrexone combined with behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for patients seeking opioid withdrawal and nonagonist treatment for preventing relapse to opioid use disorder.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5360515


UMLS:C0919045

The study estimates the costs of providing extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX) and buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) following inpatient detoxification for opioid use disorders. The costs were calculated for three phases: program start-up, inpatient detoxification, and up to 24 weeks of medication induction and management visits. The mean start-up costs were $1071 per program for XR-NTX and $828 per program for BUP-NX. The mean costs per participant were $5416 for XR-NTX and $4148 for BUP-NX. The costs varied substantially among the 8 sites. The costs associated with medication management visits may be a barrier for some individuals considering these treatments.


UMLS:C2228971

Medication induction and management visits


UMLS:C0596459

The paper discusses the difficulties in identifying a reliable reduction-based endpoint for use in clinical trials for drug use disorder medications. The authors suggest that evaluating changes in diagnostic criteria and severity metrics based on criterion counts could be a promising approach for future research.


UMLS:C0679228


UMLS:C3693657


UMLS:C0583420

The study found that opioid misuse or opioid use disorder (OUD) is prevalent among tobacco users in primary care settings. Data from 2000 adult primary care patients showed that over 84% of participants who reported past-year opioid misuse or OUD also reported past-year tobacco use. The prevalence of opioid misuse and OUD among tobacco users was 14.0% and 9.5% respectively. The highest prevalence was among male or unemployed tobacco users. Three subgroups of tobacco users were identified: a tobacco-minimal drug use group (78.0%), a tobacco-cannabis use group (10.1%), and a tobacco-opioid/polydrug use group (11.9%). The study suggests that comprehensive assessment and monitoring for opioid misuse among primary care patients who use tobacco could be beneficial, especially for males, the unemployed, or polydrug users.


UMLS:C3853727


UMLS:C1320105

The study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of buprenorphine-naloxone versus extended-release naltrexone for treating opioid use disorder. The results show that buprenorphine-naloxone is preferable to extended-release naltrexone in 97% of cases at 24 weeks and in 85% at 36 weeks. The results were sensitive to the cost of the treatments and the success of randomized treatment initiation. Therefore, buprenorphine-naloxone is recommended as the first-line treatment when both options are clinically appropriate.


UMLS:C0087112


UMLS:C2585166

Success of randomized treatment initiation


MONDO:0005109

The study found that the inclusion of social and behavioral variables significantly improved the accuracy of a 30-day readmission prediction model for HIV-positive substance users. The study highlighted the importance of considering social determinants in readmission risk and the need to adjust for and address them.


UMLS:C2362543


UMLS:C3494174


UMLS:C1271048


UMLS:C2936611

The study investigates the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the rate of discharge against medical advice (DAMA) among hospitalizations due to substance use disorders (SUDs). The data was drawn from the 2012-2015 National Inpatient Samples. The study found that approximately 11% of SUD-involved hospitalizations were DAMA, with the highest frequency found among hospitalizations for primary opioid use disorder. Despite the increase in Medicaid coverage after the ACA enactment, there was no significant change in the proportion of DAMA before and after ACA periods across various demographic groups and clinical conditions.


UMLS:C0038586


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C0025071


UMLS:C0814369

The study aimed to examine the impact of an internet-based version of the community reinforcement approach (CRA) plus contingency management on the social functioning of individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders. The study found no significant association between the treatment and overall social functioning or any subscale scores. However, being male was significantly associated with better social functioning at the end of treatment, and higher levels of psychological distress at baseline predicted worse social functioning at the end of treatment.


UMLS:C0086582


UMLS:C0235109


UMLS:C3509442

Substance-using individuals with uncontrolled HIV infection

The study investigates the impact of medical mistrust on the health outcomes of 801 substance-using individuals with uncontrolled HIV infection. The findings suggest that higher levels of physician mistrust, but not medical system mistrust, are associated with longer periods between visits to an HIV provider. This longer time between visits is also associated with higher viral loads.


UMLS:C1136022

Time since last visit to an HIV provider


UMLS:C3872643

Time since last visit to an HIV provider


UMLS:C3178745

The study investigates the association between pain catastrophizing (interpreting pain as harmful, intolerable, or uncontrollable) and clinical outcomes in adults with substance use disorders and chronic pain. The findings suggest that higher levels of pain catastrophizing are associated with more pain interference, higher levels of craving, more anxiety symptoms, and more days of mood difficulties. This suggests that pain catastrophizing could be a potential therapeutic target to improve substance use treatment outcomes.


UMLS:C3178745


UMLS:C0030705

The study aims to evaluate the impact of implementation facilitation (IF) on the adoption of emergency department (ED)-initiated buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (OUD). The study uses a hybrid type III effectiveness-implementation study design to compare the effectiveness of a standard educational dissemination strategy versus IF. The primary analyses compare the baseline evaluation period to the IF evaluation period on rates of provision of ED-initiated buprenorphine by ED providers and rates of patient engagement in addiction treatment on the 30th day after the ED visit. A cost-effectiveness analysis will also be performed.


UMLS:C0562508


UMLS:C0815140


UMLS:C0030705


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284569

The study investigates the impact of reclassifying hydrocodone-combination analgesics from Schedule III to Schedule II on opioid prescribing in an urban safety-net healthcare system. The data showed a significant decrease in the probability of providers prescribing hydrocodone-combination prescriptions (HCPs) after the rescheduling. However, there was a significant increase in the probability of codeine-combination and tramadol prescriptions. Chronic opioid therapy (COT) patients received more opioid prescriptions after the rescheduling. Despite the decline in HCPs, a third of patients prescribed opioids remained on doses ≥20 MME/day. The study suggests that physicians and healthcare systems need to reduce their reliance on opioids for treating pain, especially chronic pain.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284371


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5523


UMLS:C5699698


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C5202391

The pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of integrating care for cannabis and other drug use into primary care as part of Behavioral Health Integration (BHI). The study found that the implementation of BHI increased the diagnosis of cannabis use disorders (CUDs) significantly, but not other drug use disorders (DUDs). However, the treatment for newly diagnosed CUDs did not increase, while there was a small increase in the treatment of newly diagnosed other DUDs.


UMLS:C5202391


UMLS:C0556025

The study found that the implementation of a Syringe Services Program (SSP) in Miami, Florida, significantly reduced the improper disposal of syringes by people who inject drugs (PWID). The number of improperly discarded syringes in public places decreased by 49% after the SSP was established. In addition, the risk of improper syringe disposal was 39% lower among PWID post-SSP implementation compared to pre-implementation.


UMLS:C1144854


UMLS:C1320591

The study investigates the impact of financial incentives on treatment engagement in patients with HIV and substance use disorders. Patients were divided into three groups: treatment as usual, patient navigation (PN), and PN with contingency management (PN + CM). The latter group could earn financial incentives for entering substance use disorder treatment and for submitting negative samples for opioids, stimulants, and alcohol. The results showed that the PN + CM group had a higher percentage of patients entering treatment, submitting samples for drug testing, and submitting negative samples. Furthermore, up to 58% of those with high engagement in the PN + CM group were virally suppressed at 6 months. The study concludes that contingency management can be feasibly incorporated into patient navigation and can improve health outcomes.


UMLS:C1320591


UMLS:C1440971


UMLS:C0038586

The study examined the effectiveness of a web-based psychosocial intervention for substance use disorders across 10 different sites. The primary outcome was abstinence, and the results showed a significant main effect of site on this outcome. The percentage of patients abstinent in the last 4 weeks of the study varied from 6.1% to 40% across sites. However, only 6.7% of the variability in end-of-study abstinence was accounted for by site. Patient-level predictors such as older age and abstinence at baseline, and site-level predictors like higher annual clinic admissions, were significantly associated with increased likelihood of abstinence. After controlling for these variables, only patient age and abstinence at baseline remained significant, and the site accounted for only 1.4% of the variability in end-of-study abstinence.


UMLS:C5691412


UMLS:C4698447


UMLS:C0730261


UMLS:C3647215

The study investigates the factors associated with the initiation of Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) in primary care. The study found that 7% of the sample had an OUD diagnosis and 32% of these patients had at least one MAT order. Patients with psychiatric diagnoses or tobacco use were more likely to initiate MAT. However, uninsured, Medicaid, and Medicare patients, as well as older patients, non-Hispanic white patients, and those with diabetes, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were less likely to initiate MAT. The study concludes that despite the integration of behavioral health, disparities in MAT initiation still exist.


UMLS:C0349169

Patients with psychiatric diagnoses or tobacco use


UMLS:C0085561

Uninsured, Medicaid, and Medicare patients


UMLS:C4746440

Patients who were older, of a race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white, had documented diabetes, and had documented asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease


UMLS:C0027361

The study aimed to identify factors associated with the utilization of buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) over a period of 2 years. The study found that only 9.3-11.2% of participants utilized buprenorphine treatment over the 2 years of follow-up. The study found that individuals who perceived buprenorphine to be both accessible and acceptable were most likely to use buprenorphine. However, those who perceived buprenorphine to be unacceptable were least likely to use it, regardless of the level of perceived access to the medication. Buprenorphine treatment utilization was also negatively associated with Hispanic ethnicity, West coast context, and cumulative months receiving methadone treatment and incarceration during follow-up.


UMLS:C5230801


UMLS:C0242402

The study explores the experiences and perspectives of emergency personnel in New Hampshire (NH) dealing with the opioid crisis. The potency and inconsistency of fentanyl-laced heroin were identified as primary drivers of opioid overdose. The increase in overdose-related encounters has had a significant emotional impact on emergency personnel, leading to feelings of burnout, exhaustion, and helplessness. There were mixed feelings about the implementation of harm reduction strategies like syringe services programs. Frustration was expressed over barriers to treatment referral in the state, with recommendations for immediate treatment access after overdose events. The study suggests that interventions addressing trauma and burnout are necessary to support emergency personnel, while expanded harm reduction and treatment access are critical to support those who experience opioid overdose in NH.


UMLS:C4018909


UMLS:C5690836

have mixed feelings about implementation of


UMLS:C5690836


UMLS:C0808232


UMLS:C0814331


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596

The study investigates the experiences and opinions of opioid users and emergency responders in New Hampshire, USA, regarding the use and distribution of naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal medication. The study found that while naloxone had become more available, there were still barriers to its acceptance and use. Emergency responders felt that increased availability of naloxone might encourage riskier opioid use and did not address the root causes of addiction. Opioid users cited cost, legality, and lack of knowledge about distribution locations and usage indications as barriers. The study suggests that addressing these misconceptions and challenges could improve opioid overdose prevention strategies.


UMLS:C3178988


UMLS:C5392920


UMLS:C3880508

The study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of the myTAPS screening tool, an electronic self-administered tool for substance use screening in adult primary care patients. The tool was found to be easy to use by 98.3% of the participants, with a median completion time of 4 minutes. However, older participants, those with lower education, and those of Hispanic or Black ethnicity required more time and assistance. Audio guidance was utilized by 18.3% of participants, more frequently by those with lower education, older age, or Black race. Women and individuals with drug use preferred the myTAPS format, while those with lower education preferred the interviewer-administered format. The study concludes that myTAPS screening is feasible and well accepted, but clinics should be prepared to offer assistance to some patients and have the capacity to use an interviewer-administered approach when required.


UMLS:C2735026

required more time and assistance to use


UMLS:C0360280


UMLS:C1283758


UMLS:C0681676

The study aimed to understand the frequency and intensity of suicidal motivations and perceived overdose risk among individuals admitted for opioid use disorder detoxification/stabilization. The study found that over half of the participants reported some desire to die prior to their most recent overdose, with 36% reporting a strong desire to die and 21% reporting a definite desire to die. Perceptions of overdose risk varied, with 30% reporting no likelihood of overdose and 13% reporting a high likelihood. The study concludes that suicidal motivation prior to opioid overdose is common and falls along a continuum of severity.


UMLS:C0679646


UMLS:C0518668


UMLS:C4746449

The study examined the patterns of opioid use in patients with opioid use disorders (OUDs) who were treated with either buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) or extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX). Four distinct opioid use trajectories were identified for BUP-NX and three for XR-NTX. The highest number of medical management visits was observed in the near abstinent/no use class for both treatments. Within BUP-NX, the low use class had a higher proportion of individuals with a previous successful treatment history. Within XR-NTX, the moderate use, increasing over time class had the highest proportion of Hispanic participants.


UMLS:C0873146


UMLS:C5556427


UMLS:C0445114


UMLS:C0815056

had a greater proportion of individuals with


UMLS:C0678277

Moderate use, increasing over time class


UMLS:C4746449

The study investigates the prevalence and treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) among primary care patients in six large health systems in the U.S. The study found that 1.0% of the 1,368,604 primary care patients had documented OUD, and 21.0% of these patients were treated with buprenorphine. The study also found disparities in OUD treatment across demographic and clinical characteristics, with lower treatment rates among older patients, women, Black/African American and Hispanic patients, non-commercially insured patients, and those with non-cancer pain, mental health disorders, greater comorbidity, and more opioid prescriptions, emergency department visits or hospitalizations.


UMLS:C0030705

The study aimed to identify the characteristics of patients most likely to initiate medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and alcohol use disorder (MAUD) during hospitalization. The study found that past methadone maintenance treatment, homelessness, and partner substance use were associated with MOUD/MAUD initiation. However, concurrent methamphetamine use disorder was negatively associated with MOUD/MAUD initiation. The findings suggest that hospitalization may be an opportunity to reach highly-vulnerable people, emphasizing the need for hospital-based addictions care.


UMLS:C2460972


UMLS:C0237154


UMLS:C0683622


UMLS:C2104574


UMLS:C2963182

The study aimed to identify factors affecting the linkage to care among Persons Living with HIV (PLWH) with Substance Use Disorders (SUD). The study found that those who did not complete high school and those with severe food insecurity had lower odds of being linked to care at 6 months. High levels of medical mistrust, recent drug use, and lack of high school completion also resulted in lower odds of early linkage to care. Early linkage was associated with higher odds of engagement at 6 months and was mitigated by both patient navigator interventions.


UMLS:C2963182


UMLS:C0679857


UMLS:C1160823


UMLS:C4042877

used for screening, identification, and treatment of

The paper discusses the development of a clinical decision support (CDS) algorithm to improve the screening, identification, and treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in primary care settings. The algorithm is designed to be implemented as a tool in electronic health record (EHR) systems. The working group, convened by the NIDA Center for the Clinical Trials Network, drafted the CDS algorithm, which was then reviewed and revised by addiction specialists and primary care providers. The tool aims to help address the current opioid misuse and overdose epidemic by improving healthcare delivery in primary care systems. Further work is needed for adaptation at specific sites and for testing.


UMLS:C3880478


UMLS:C5197712


UMLS:C1960643


UMLS:C4324621

The study investigates the association between medication treatments for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and pain. The trial involved 1241 individuals with OUD who were treated with either methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone. The results showed that nearly half of the participants reported pain at the beginning of the trial. However, there was no significant difference in the improvement of pain at week 4 between the two treatment groups. The study found that improvement in pain early in the treatment was associated with a higher likelihood of retention in treatment.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:643985


UMLS:C1320105


HP:0012531


UMLS:C0679646

The study investigates the high rates of fentanyl-related overdose deaths in New Hampshire (NH), which are more than three times the national average. The study found that 84% of the participants had knowingly used fentanyl, 70% had overdosed at least once, and 42% had sought a batch of drugs known to have caused an overdose. The majority of participants stated that most heroin available in NH was laced with fentanyl and acknowledged that variability across batches increased overdose risk. The study also found high availability of fentanyl and limited access to prevention, treatment, and harm reduction programs. Participants supported expanding education campaigns for youth, increasing treatment availability, and implementing needle exchange programs.


UMLS:C0556616


UMLS:C0679646


UMLS:C0521995

The study analyzed the prevalence and characteristics of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) among adults with substance use disorders (SUDs) and its association with opioid overdose and healthcare utilization. The study found that 46.6% of the total sample had CNCP and 11.2% had any SUD. The majority of patients with a SUD also had CNCP. The presence of CNCP was associated with more mental health disorders and chronic medical conditions among each SUD group. CNCP was associated with decreased odds of overdose among those with opioid use disorder but increased odds of overdose and healthcare utilization among other SUDs. The association between CNCP and negative health indicators differed based on SUD type and gender.


UMLS:C3662064


UMLS:C2243063

The study compared the effectiveness of Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) interviews and Oral Fluid Testing (OFT) in detecting substance use in adult primary care patients. The substances tested were marijuana, heroin, cocaine, and non-medical use of prescription opioids. The overall concordance rates between TLFB and OFT were 94.9% or higher for each substance. However, marijuana was the only substance with lower detection on OFT than self-report. Cocaine, prescription opioids, and heroin all had higher detection via OFT than TLFB. The study suggests that researchers should consider the implications of using either self-report or oral fluid testing in isolation, depending on the substance and collection setting.


UMLS:C2013449


UMLS:C0472580


UMLS:C0699778

The study examined patterns of substance use among participants newly enrolled in a syringe services program (SSP) in Florida. The participants were divided into three classes: Heroin-Dominant (73.9%), Methamphetamine-Dominant (9.5%), and Heroin/Cocaine (16.6%). The Heroin/Cocaine class was more likely to report homelessness, sharing works, unprotected sex, public injection, and to be Hepatitis C positive. The Methamphetamine-Dominant class was more likely to be male, Hispanic, gay or bisexual, HIV positive, to report unprotected sex and sex with people who inject drugs. The study suggests that multi-component, targeted preventive interventions and need-based syringe distribution policies are required to further reduce HIV and Hepatitis C risk among various populations of people who inject drugs.


UMLS:C1144854


UMLS:C2188839


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:10836


UMLS:C2114389


UMLS:C0679947

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UMLS:C0679847


UMLS:C1527374


UMLS:C0043210

The "Women and Trauma" Study (WTS) has significantly contributed to the field of trauma and addictions, particularly in the treatment of women with substance use disorders (SUD) and trauma histories. The study has increased awareness and commitment to using skills-based trauma treatment in community treatment programs (CTPs). The study's impact is evident in the increased number of citations of its publications and the changes in treatment approaches in the participating programs.


UMLS:C0043210


NCBIGene:51797


UMLS:C4331759

Knowledge in the field of trauma and addictions


UMLS:C1299715

The study reviews the integration of economic evaluations into the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN). A systematic review was performed on published and planned CTN economic evaluations. 138 protocols were reviewed, 14 of which included an economic evaluation. Of these, 6 were completed, 2 were active, and 6 were in-development. 78 published articles were identified, 9 of which met the inclusion criteria. The quality of CTN published economic evaluations was found to improve over time. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating high-quality economic evaluations alongside trials to maximize the public health impact of the CTN.


UMLS:C0008971


UMLS:C0034036


UMLS:C1299715


UMLS:C0917591

The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) has been working on a project to translate evidence-based interventions from substance use disorder (SUD) research into clinical practices. The project involved six practice-based research networks (PBRNs) that analyzed electronic health records from 134 practices to identify the percentage of adult patients prescribed opioid medication and sedatives within a year. The results showed that 22.9% of patients were prescribed opioid medications, and 52.1% of those were also prescribed a sedative. A survey was also sent to 108 practices about their opioid management policies and procedures. The results showed that 98.1% had formal written treatment agreements for chronic opioid therapy, 68.5% had written opioid prescribing policies, and 43.4% provided reports to providers with feedback on opioid management. However, only 24.1% were providing buprenorphine for OUD. The project demonstrated the ability of CTN-affiliated PBRNs to collaborate on opioid management research and highlighted the need for interventions and additional policies addressing opioid prescribing in primary care practice.


UBERON:0007023


UMLS:C5392921


UMLS:C0032893

had formal written treatment agreements for


UMLS:C0032893


UMLS:C0917591

The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) has been using digital technologies to better understand and treat substance use disorders (SUDs). The CTN has implemented digital screeners for SUDs in general medical settings and conducted a multi-site clinical trial that led to the first FDA-approved "prescription digital therapeutic" for SUDs. The CTN has also studied the use of telehealth for SUD treatment in rural and under-resourced communities, and the feasibility of detecting cocaine use via smartwatch sensing. The CTN has conducted clinical trials entirely online and is working on using digital health technologies and data analytics to identify digital biomarkers and understand the clinical trajectories of individuals receiving medications for opioid use disorder (OUD).


UMLS:C0917591


UMLS:C0917591

studied the feasibility of detecting use via smartwatch sensing


UMLS:C4324621

The study investigates the prevalence of opioid use disorders (OUDs) and its treatment in primary care patients across six U.S. health systems. The study found that the prevalence of documented OUD ranged from 0.7-1.4% across the health systems. Among patients with documented OUD, the prevalence of medication treatment (primarily buprenorphine) varied across health systems: 3%, 12%, 16%, 20%, 22%, and 36%. The majority of primary care patients with OUD did not have evidence of treatment with buprenorphine or naltrexone XR, indicating a need for improved identification and treatment in medical settings.


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C2874806

The study investigates the impact of substance use disorders (SUDs) on the use of primary care services and outcomes of chronic conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. The study found that patients with SUDs and co-occurring chronic conditions visited primary care providers more frequently and were more likely to be prescribed opioid medications. However, the outcomes of their chronic conditions were not different from patients without SUDs. Despite the higher visit rates, most of these patients did not see co-located behavioral health providers. The study suggests that care pathway innovations for SUDs that include greater utilization of evidence-informed co-treatment of SUDs and chronic conditions within primary care settings may be necessary for improving care overall for patients with comorbid SUDs and chronic conditions.


UMLS:C2874806


UMLS:C2874831

Patients with SUD and chronic conditions


UMLS:C0884576

Patients with comorbid SUDs and chronic conditions


UMLS:C3880478

The study conducted a Health IT survey within the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network to explore the completeness and structure of data in electronic health records (EHRs) for substance use disorders (SUDs) research. The survey revealed that all surveyed facilities used EHRs, with 17 different platforms or vendors identified. However, 76.5% of facilities also used paper records for clinical care, and 17.6% used a separate EHR for behavioral health care, including SUD care. The study concluded that there is a need for further EHR development, integration, and standardization, particularly in relation to SUD treatment, to facilitate research across different healthcare systems.


UMLS:C1547538


UMLS:C3880478

need further development and standardization for


UMLS:C4746449

The study analyzed the administration of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) during hospitalization in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). It was found that only a small percentage of patients received OAT during hospitalization, most often for withdrawal management. The study also found that the likelihood of OAT receipt was associated with certain patient and hospital characteristics. For instance, patients with pre-admission OAT, acute OUD diagnosis, and male gender had increased odds of OAT receipt. On the other hand, patients who received non-OAT opioids or underwent surgical procedures had decreased odds of OAT receipt. Larger hospitals were more likely to provide OAT.


UMLS:C3693820


MONDO:0020683


UMLS:C0150904


UMLS:C1314200


UMLS:C0481348

Patients who underwent surgical procedures


UMLS:C3494218


UMLS:C0871685

The study investigates the readiness of emergency department (ED) clinicians to initiate buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) patients. The study found that only a small percentage of clinicians were ready to initiate such treatment, with barriers including lack of training and experience, concerns about ongoing care, and competing needs for ED resources. Facilitators included education and training, development of local protocols, and feedback on patient experiences. The study suggests that promoting the adoption of ED-initiated buprenorphine will require changes at both the clinician and system level.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


UMLS:C0871685


UMLS:C0034379


UMLS:C0597696

The study examined the differences in clinical characteristics between emerging adults (≤25 years) and older adults (26+ years) with opioid use disorder (OUD). The study found that women aged 26+ reported more mental health problems compared to women aged ≤25, while men aged ≤25 reported more mental health problems compared to men aged 26+. The study suggests that different strategies may be needed for emerging adult and older patients seeking OUD treatment to address psychiatric comorbidities that differ across genders. It also recommends that comprehensive psychiatric assessment should be included in OUD treatment for all genders.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:155569197


UMLS:C0597696


UMLS:C1444711


UMLS:C0204452


UMLS:C1963724

The study examined the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in hospitals for people living with HIV and substance use disorder. It found that initiating ART in the hospital was associated with quicker linkage to HIV care and increased frequency of outpatient care visits at 6 and 12 months. However, there was no association between hospital ART initiation and retention and viral suppression over a 12-month period. The study also found that participants in Southern hospitals were less likely to initiate ART in the hospital.


UMLS:C1963724


UMLS:C0679646


UMLS:C4300459

The study investigates the prevalence and patterns of coexisting drug use disorders (DUDs) among inpatient hospitalizations in the United States. Data from the 2016 National Inpatient Sample showed that approximately 50.1% of drug-involved hospitalizations had multiple DUD diagnoses. Opioid use disorder accounted for 58.6% of these hospitalizations, with 51.2% of these having multiple DUD diagnoses. The most common secondary DUD diagnoses among opioid-involved hospitalizations included cocaine, cannabis, and sedatives. Factors such as being aged 18-25 years, living in low-income areas, and having a secondary diagnosis of mental disorders or tobacco/alcohol use disorder were associated with increased odds of having multiple DUD diagnoses.


UMLS:C4324621


UMLS:C0580036

Patients aged 18-25 years, low-income areas, secondary diagnosis of mental disorders or tobacco/alcohol use disorder

associated with increased odds of having


UMLS:C0087178

The study aimed to predict the likelihood of 16-year-old adolescents developing opioid use disorder (OUD) by the age of 25. The researchers used a combination of heritable risk, measured by the transmissible liability index (TLI), and substance use, measured by the consumption frequency index (CFI) and overall problem density (OPD) score. The results showed that the TLI and CFI at 16 years of age could predict OUD at 25 years with 86% accuracy. These measures also mediated the association between parental substance use disorder and OUD in offspring.


UMLS:C4723962


UMLS:C3509432


NCBIGene:34997

The paper discusses the Stepped Care for Opioid Use Disorder Train the Trainer (SCOUTT) initiative, launched by the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) in 2018 to increase access to medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in non-SUD care settings. MOUD, which includes methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, is the gold standard treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Despite its effectiveness, only a third of veterans diagnosed with OUD received MOUD by 2017. The SCOUTT initiative aims to increase MOUD prescribing in primary care, mental health, and pain clinics by training providers in these settings. The paper suggests that the SCOUTT initiative could serve as a model for implementing MOUD within large, diverse healthcare systems.


UMLS:C0884576


UMLS:C0279194


UMLS:C0042610


UMLS:C0029921

had increased presence in oral fluid toxicology tests

The study examined the presence of methamphetamine in toxicology tests among outpatients in Boston, Massachusetts over a 6-year period. The results showed an increase in the presence of methamphetamine, cocaine, and fentanyl, while the presence of 6-MAM, a metabolite of heroin, decreased. In 2019, 15.7% of samples had fentanyl present. Polysubstance use was common, with 44% of samples with methamphetamine also showing cocaine or benzoylecgonine, 25% showing fentanyl, and 3% showing 6-MAM presence.


UMLS:C0029921

had decreased presence in oral fluid toxicology tests


UMLS:C0029921

had presence in oral fluid toxicology tests


UMLS:C0029921

also showed presence in oral fluid toxicology tests


UMLS:C2963182

The study investigates the dental care utilization of people living with HIV (PLWH) who also have substance use disorders. The study found that over half of the participants did not receive any dental care. Factors such as lower education, lack of health insurance, and living in Southern states were associated with lower odds of dental care utilization. Interestingly, higher food insecurity was associated with recent dental care utilization. The study suggests that health insurance and education are key factors in dental care utilization among this population.


UMLS:C5539298

Participants with less than high school education


UMLS:C0087134


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:138455086


UMLS:C3494174

Participants with higher food insecurity


UMLS:C4536274

The study examined the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) who were seeking treatment. The participants were divided into two groups: those responsive to pharmacotherapy (82.3%) and those sensitive to characteristics (17.7%). The first group showed short-term improvement and then stable HRQoL over time, with a positive association between HRQoL and receiving pharmacotherapy in the past 30 days. The second group showed initial improvement in HRQoL with a gradual decline over time, and no significant HRQoL response to pharmacotherapy. The study suggests that while pharmacotherapy can improve HRQoL for many individuals with OUD, a subpopulation may require additional services that address socioeconomic and psychosocial issues to achieve HRQoL benefits.


UMLS:C1268745


UMLS:C2350029

showed initial improvement with gradual decline


UMLS:C2350029


UMLS:C0030705

The study found that 38% of emergency department patients with untreated opioid use disorder also used amphetamine-type stimulants. These patients were younger, more likely to be white, unemployed, have unstable housing, have a history of incarceration, be hepatitis C positive, and have reported drug injection in the month prior to the study. They were less likely to have cocaine-positive urine tests and to seek treatment for substance use problems. The study suggests the need for improved screening, intervention, and referral protocols for these patients.


UMLS:C0860477


UMLS:C0562508

Screening, intervention, and referral protocols


UMLS:C0027361

The study examined the relative costs of different initial treatment strategies for newly diagnosed opioid use disorder (OUD). The study found that 94.8% of individuals received treatment within 90 days of diagnosis. The initial treatments included Inpatient Detox/Rehabilitation Treatment Center, Behavioral Health Intensive, Intensive Outpatient or Partial Hospitalization Services, buprenorphine/methadone, naltrexone, and Behavioral Health Outpatient Services. The study found that the costs were lower for buprenorphine/methadone, naltrexone, and behavioral health outpatient compared to no treatment. However, costs were higher for inpatient detox.


UMLS:C0178073

Inpatient Detox/Rehabilitation Treatment Center


UMLS:C0017348

The study aimed to determine if gene variants in the opioid gene system are associated with better or worse treatment response in opioid use disorder (OUD). The treatments used were sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) and extended-release injection naltrexone (XR-NTX). Four opioid gene variants were evaluated in non-Hispanic Caucasians. The study found no significant effects of gene variant on receiving first or last dose of treatment, and no significant gene variant by treatment interactions. The study concluded that the outcome of OUD treatment is likely a complex function of multiple factors, including environmental, psychosocial, and possibly genetic.


UMLS:C0873146


UMLS:C5556427


UMLS:C1531741


UMLS:C1444711

The study reveals that young adults (aged 18-25 years) are more likely to relapse in opioid use compared to older adults (aged ≥26 years), despite being on medication for opioid use disorder. The relapse rates were found to be higher in young adults, with 70.3% in the intention-to-treat sample and 66.3% in the per-protocol sample, compared to 58.2% and 50.8% in older adults respectively. The study suggests that young adults may have vulnerabilities that increase their risk for treatment dropout and medication nonadherence, regardless of the medication assigned. Therefore, specialized interventions that consider these developmental factors may be needed to improve treatment outcomes in young adults.


UMLS:C1444711


UMLS:C1271848

Specialized, developmentally informed interventions


NCBITaxon:3482

The paper discusses the growing interest in using cannabis and cannabinoids for treating opioid use disorder (OUD). However, it states that current evidence does not support this treatment method. The paper suggests that while there may be potential therapeutic benefits, more rigorous research is needed before cannabis and cannabinoids can be considered evidence-based treatments for OUD.


UMLS:C3260252


UMLS:C0679616


UMLS:C0278296


UMLS:C0939898


UMLS:C0030705

The study found that self-reported frequency of cannabis or other drug use was associated with subsequent acute care. Patients who reported cannabis use less than monthly or daily had a greater risk of acute care during follow-up than those reporting no use. Similarly, patients reporting other drug use less than monthly, weekly, or daily had a greater risk of acute care than those reporting no other drug use. The study suggests that population-based screening for cannabis and other drug use in primary care may be useful for understanding the risk of subsequent acute care.


UMLS:C4704706


UMLS:C0458264

The study explores the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program (PRP) in treating chronic pain and preventing opioid misuse. The study involved 60 patients with diverse chronic pain conditions. The results showed significant improvements in pain severity, functioning, psychological symptoms, and emotional quality of life. The study also found a significant reduction in opioid use and misuse behaviors among patients. The findings strongly support the use of PRP as an effective treatment for chronic pain and a preventive measure against opioid-related risks.


UMLS:C0458264


UMLS:C2874806

The study examined the impact of Addiction medicine consultation services (ACS) on patients with substance use disorders (SUD). The findings suggest that patients with SUD who received a Substance Use Intervention Team (SUIT) consultation had a shorter hospital stay and were more likely to be routinely discharged compared to those who did not receive the consultation. The SUIT model could be used as a benchmark to improve outcomes in SUD patient cohorts.


UMLS:C0556256


UMLS:C0422386


UMLS:C0030705

The study explores the barriers and facilitators to initiating treatment with extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for opioid use disorder (OUD) in an inpatient hospital setting. The detoxification process makes XR-NTX more difficult to initiate than sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX). However, once initiated, XR-NTX is viewed as an effective treatment for OUD. The study found that patient ambivalence and lack of familiarity with antagonist treatment were barriers to treatment initiation. The long duration of action and the perceived "commitment" to the medication were also concerns for patients. Those who initiated XR-NTX described it as an effective treatment for OUD, with treatment satisfaction and sustained abstinence emerging as central themes.


UMLS:C0030705

have ambivalence and lack of familiarity with


UMLS:C0030705

achieve with Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) treatment


UMLS:C0679646

The study aimed to understand participants' perceptions of their assigned treatment in a clinical trial that compared the use of extended-release naltrexone to usual treatment for substance use disorders. Interviews were conducted with 22 prospective and actual participants, revealing that while most had a positive experience, there were also apprehensions and misperceptions about the study medication. Some participants felt uneasy about their assigned treatment, others perceived their treatment as ineffective or as a cure-all for substance use disorders. The study highlights the need for better participant education about the nature of interventions and the potential of ongoing consent processes.


UMLS:C0205392

felt apprehension and uneasiness towards


UMLS:C0205392


UMLS:C0436548

The study investigates the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a non-invasive treatment for chronic pain in opiate users. It compares the effects of TMS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the motor cortex (MC). The results show that stimulation of the MC significantly decreased pain interference and the urge to use opiates more than DLPFC stimulation, suggesting that the MC may be a more effective target for this treatment.


UMLS:C4019080


UBERON:0001384


UMLS:C0027361

The paper reviews the social and behavioral factors contributing to the overdose epidemic in the United States from 1999 to 2018, during which over 750,000 people died, with two-thirds of the deaths involving an opioid. The factors include the increase in opioid prescriptions for chronic pain, changes in the heroin and illegal opioid markets, and social factors such as deindustrialization and concentrated poverty. The paper also discusses how policies aimed at addressing the epidemic may have reduced prescription opioid overdoses but increased overdoses involving illegal opioids. The paper suggests new research directions to understand the causes and solutions to this public health problem.


UMLS:C0242456


UMLS:C0035168

The paper discusses the lack of effective pharmacotherapy for cocaine use disorder despite thirty years of research. It emphasizes the importance of rigorous clinical design, medication adherence, and defining endpoints. The paper suggests a high-risk/high-reward strategy to develop new compounds that can reduce cocaine use and maintain treatment gains, especially during lapse/relapse periods.


UMLS:C0013216


UMLS:C1521738


UMLS:C1144854

The study evaluated a hospital-wide Substance Use Disorder (SUD) initiative over five years, which included an inpatient addiction consult team, a Bridge Clinic, recovery coaches, and office-based addiction treatment nurses. The initiative saw 7,036 unique patients, with alcohol use disorder being the most common diagnosis. The initiative was effective in initiating SUD pharmacotherapy with naltrexone and buprenorphine, with buprenorphine treatment episodes being longer.


UMLS:C1144854


UMLS:C5230801


UMLS:C0659977

The paper discusses the Vulnerable Veteran Innovative Patient-Aligned Care Team (VIP) Initiative, a primary care model designed to address the needs of vulnerable patients in the Veterans Health Administration. The VIP model integrates care for substance use disorders, mental illness, social determinants of poor health, and complexities arising from the co-occurrence of these conditions. The paper describes the origins, goals, and evolution of VIP, suggesting it as a promising model for improving care for patients with addiction and other vulnerabilities.


UMLS:C0659977


UMLS:C3509114

The study analyzed the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of emergency department (ED) patients with untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) and their interest in seeking a referral to substance use treatment. The study found that only 15.2% of the patients were seeking a referral to substance use treatment. There were no significant differences in age, gender, education, health insurance status, or housing stability between those seeking and not seeking treatment. However, those seeking treatment were less likely to test positive for amphetamine and methamphetamine.


UMLS:C3509114


UMLS:C0581067


UMLS:C0422283

Clinical decision-making, patient care equity, and workflow

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced rapid changes in methadone take-home policies in opioid treatment programs (OTPs), which is a significant shift from the existing federal mandates. OTP providers have observed changes in clinical decision-making, patient care equity, and workflow. The paper discusses the implications for medical ethics and patient autonomy and suggests future research to examine the impact of these changes on OTP treatment and patients. It also suggests a patient-centered approach to methadone take-home policies, which could lead to broader changes in OTP service delivery.


UMLS:C5229069


UMLS:C0035168

Impact of COVID-19 on OTP treatment and patients


UBERON:0001088

The study conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized trial comparing extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) treatment for opioid use disorder. The analysis was based on urine testing data for non-study opioids from the last 22 weeks of the 24-week trial. The results showed that XR-NTX appeared to be somewhat more effective than BUP-NX in reducing illicit opioid use in the per-protocol sample.


UMLS:C5392141

The paper discusses the unique challenges faced by individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. It suggests using the social ecological model (SEM) to understand the interplay of individual, network, community, structural, and pandemic-level factors that can increase the risk of infection and associated morbidity and mortality for these individuals. The model can also guide research and implementation of interventions at various levels to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on individuals with OUD.


UMLS:C0681947

used to understand effects of COVID-19 pandemic on


UMLS:C5392141


UMLS:C0808232


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5523

The study presents a drug repurposing strategy for opioid use disorders (OUD) and other substance use disorders (SUD). The strategy integrates computational prediction, clinical corroboration using electronic health records of over 72.9 million patients, and mechanisms of action analysis. Five drugs, namely tramadol, olanzapine, mirtazapine, bupropion, and atomoxetine, were identified as potential candidates for repurposing. These drugs were associated with increased odds of OUD remission and were found to target multiple OUD-associated genes and pathways.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:135398745


UMLS:C1317565


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:444


UMLS:C0114463


UMLS:C1706082


UMLS:C5420083

The study aims to develop a core outcome set (COS) for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment research. The lack of consensus on the best outcome measures for assessing the efficacy of OUD interventions has hindered the synthesis of research data and the creation of clinical guidelines. The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) is developing the COS-OUD to identify key constructs, meaningful outcomes, and their best measurement for all OUD treatment studies. The process involves a stepwise e-Delphi methodology to gain consensus among a panel of clinical practitioners and researchers. The results will be communicated via scientific journals and conferences.


UMLS:C0422391


UMLS:C0695571


UMLS:C1306754


UMLS:C0035173


UMLS:C0696612

The study proposes a clinical decision support algorithm for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) with buprenorphine in primary care. The algorithm was created using literature search and expert consensus. The TAPS tool was chosen for universal screening, while the OUD Symptom Checklist and the Patient Adherence Questionnaire for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment (PAQ-OUD) were developed for symptom tracking and medication adherence respectively. The algorithm provides guidance for the first 12 weeks of buprenorphine treatment. Further testing is needed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of these tools.


UMLS:C3710495


UMLS:C3469043

Patient Adherence Questionnaire for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment (PAQ-OUD)


UMLS:C1880152

self-efficacy for HIV treatment adherence

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UMLS:C0600564

Self-efficacy for HIV treatment adherence


UMLS:C0600564


UMLS:C0030705

The paper discusses the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) study "Optimizing Retention, Duration, and Discontinuation Strategies for Opioid Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy" (RDD; CTN-0100). This study will be one of the largest clinical trials on opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment. It will test different doses and formulations of buprenorphine and a digital therapeutic app on the primary outcome of retention in treatment. The study will also examine different tapering strategies for buprenorphine and a digital therapeutic app on the primary outcome of relapse-free discontinuation of medication. The paper also reviews previous trials that have shown the effectiveness of buprenorphine-naloxone for detoxification but also the ineffectiveness of acute detoxification as a treatment strategy.


UMLS:C1320105


UMLS:C0030705

Relapse-free discontinuation of medication


UMLS:C3881296

The study aimed to validate an opioid misuse classifier, a machine learning tool, in a different hospital setting. The classifier uses electronic health record (EHR) data to identify cases of opioid misuse. The study examined 56,227 adult hospitalizations and used a manual Drug Abuse Screening Test as a reference standard. The classifier showed good discrimination during external validation, with an AUC of 0.99 across the encounter and 0.98 using only the first 24 hours of notes. The sensitivity and positive predictive value were 0.81 and 0.72 respectively. The classifier could provide a comprehensive and automated approach to opioid misuse identification, overcoming manual screening barriers.


UMLS:C3881296


UMLS:C2957894


UMLS:C4684663

The ED-INNOVATION study is a multisite emergency department study that aims to increase access to medications for opioid use disorder (OUD). The study compares the effectiveness of two buprenorphine (BUP) formulations, sublingual (SL-BUP) and 7-day extended-release injectable (CAM2038, XR-BUP), in a randomized clinical trial of approximately 2000 patients with OUD. The primary outcome is engagement in formal addiction treatment at 7 days. Secondary outcomes include self-reported opioid use, craving and satisfaction, health service utilization, overdose events, and engagement in formal addiction treatment at 30 days. The study also includes a cost-effectiveness comparison of the two treatments and an ancillary study on patients experiencing minimal to no opioid withdrawal.


UMLS:C0681814


UMLS:C1515980


UMLS:C0521995

The study uses predictive models to analyze the factors that lead to multiple visits to the emergency department (ED) within a year. The data was collected from the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) from 2015-2018. The predictive models revealed that the most influential factors for predicting multiple ED visits were poor self-rated health, nervousness or restlessness, lower income, asthma, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), nicotine dependence, African-American race, female sex, diabetes, and being of younger age (18-20). The study emphasizes the need to address mental and behavioral health contributors to ED visits and the importance of integrated care models in primary care settings.


UMLS:C1277248


MONDO:0008575


MONDO:0005015


UMLS:C1397004


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:643985

The study aimed to determine if the use of methadone or buprenorphine, opioids commonly used for detoxification, were associated with a decreased likelihood of induction onto extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX), a maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder. The study found that the use of these detoxification drugs was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of induction onto XR-NTX compared to non-opioid detoxification. However, after controlling for site as a random effect, the association lost statistical significance. The study concluded that the use of agonist medication during detoxification was associated with XR-NTX induction failure.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


UMLS:C0019935


UMLS:C5541424

The study investigates the link between social factors and treatment outcomes for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) seeking medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) at California Bridge Program hospitals. The study found that patients with unstable housing and those with Medicaid insurance had greater odds of receiving buprenorphine, a medication used in MOUD. Co-methamphetamine use did not affect the outcomes. The study suggests that changing treatment delivery can lower barriers to MOUD for patients with social and economic disadvantages.


UMLS:C0025071


UMLS:C0805080


UMLS:C3647215


UMLS:C0679881


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The paper discusses the use of buprenorphine, a medication treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), and the need for a new treatment system after the repeal of the X-waiver, which currently allows clinicians to legally prescribe and administer the drug. The authors suggest that building a new tier of treatment capacity will require educational outreach, systems strategies, and enhanced payments.


UMLS:C0035173


UMLS:C0846672


UMLS:C5419030

The study analyzed data from the 2015-2017 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health to understand the comorbidity of substance use disorders (SUDs) and their relationship with treatment receipt. It was found that 7.9% of adults had at least one SUD in the past year, with the most common comorbidity being alcohol and marijuana use disorder. This group also had the lowest treatment receipt. The odds of receiving treatment were higher for those with multiple SUDs. However, treatment prevalence was lower among those with higher family income and education, those not employed full time, those who were married, those younger than 26 or older than 50, and Asians. The treatment gap remains large despite being reduced among those with multiple SUDs.


UMLS:C3169304

were almost two times more likely to receive


UMLS:C3172788

were more than four times more likely to receive


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:53382418

Those with higher family income and education, not employed full time, married, younger than 26 or older than 50, and Asians


UMLS:C0022881

The study is a multi-site randomized trial testing a new model of care (ID/LAB) for patients hospitalized with opioid use disorder (OUD) and infections. The model integrates the use of long-acting injectable buprenorphine (LAB) with infectious disease treatment. The primary outcome measure is the proportion of patients enrolled in effective medication treatment for OUD (MOUD) 12 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes include relapse to opioid use, adherence to infectious disease treatment, infection morbidity and mortality, and drug overdose. The study aims to provide insight into the feasibility and effectiveness of integrated treatment of OUD and serious infections.


MESH:D007840


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C0022881


UMLS:C3880186

Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The study investigates the implementation and effectiveness of telemedicine (TM)-based medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in rural primary care. The study was conducted in response to the opioid crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitated remote care. However, the initial two-month feasibility study phase faced several challenges, including low rates of identification of risk for OUD from screening, low rates of referral to TM, digital device and internet access issues, workflow and capacity barriers, and insurance coverage. These challenges highlight the need for empirical guidance for best TM practice and quality remote care models.


UMLS:C5392141


UMLS:C0015730


UMLS:C0150543

The study analyzed the cost-effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) compared to buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) for preventing opioid relapse. The requirement for opioid detoxification before starting XR-NTX resulted in lower initiation rates. However, the treatment site was a modifiable factor that increased the likelihood of XR-NTX initiation and decreased induction duration. By incorporating these factors, the cost difference between XR-NTX and BUP-NX treatments was reduced significantly. The study suggests that an efficient model of XR-NTX initiation could make XR-NTX and BUP-NX of comparable economic value for patients seeking treatment for opioid use disorder at an inpatient detoxification facility.


UMLS:C2827983


UMLS:C1444711

The study investigates the factors contributing to the poorer outcomes of opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment in young adults (18-25) compared to older adults (26+). The study found that young adults had higher relapse rates and differed in several characteristics such as more smokers, more intravenous opioid use, and more cannabis use. However, no single factor was identified as a significant predictor of relapse. The study suggests that multiple developmental vulnerabilities contribute to the poorer outcomes in young adults.


UMLS:C1444711


UMLS:C4273504


UMLS:C0679646

The study examined the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and their effects on opioid use and relapse 36 weeks after treatment. The study found that about half of the participants were still on MOUD at the follow-up. Those on medication had fewer opioid use days, fewer met relapse criteria, and reported less stimulant and sedative use. There was no difference in abstinence rates between those on or off MOUD. However, a greater proportion of participants on XR-NTX were abstinent from non-prescribed opioids compared to those on buprenorphine.


UMLS:C4074970


UMLS:C0697003


UMLS:C4536274

The study found that individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) who were treated with extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) smoked fewer cigarettes per day compared to those treated with buprenorphine (BUP-NX). This suggests that XR-NTX, in combination with other smoking cessation interventions, might be a better choice for OUD patients looking to reduce their tobacco use.


UMLS:C4536274


UMLS:C1160807


UMLS:C5229063


UMLS:C5556427

might be a better choice in combination with


UMLS:C3880212

The study aimed to develop and test a clinical decision support (CDS) tool for primary care providers (PCPs) to improve the care of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). The tool was designed to alert PCPs to patients at increased risk for OUD or overdose and guide diagnosis and treatment. The tool was found to be functional and accurate, but was used in only 5% of encounters with at-risk patients, far less than the goal of 60%. Despite low usage, the tool increased PCPs' confidence in OUD screening and diagnosis. Most PCPs would recommend the tool and found it helpful for screening for OUD and discussing and prescribing OUD medications.


UMLS:C3880212


UMLS:C2735026


UMLS:C1144854

The study provides preliminary evidence that the implementation of a syringe services program (SSP) in Miami, Florida, has led to a reduction in injection risk behaviors. The study found that men were more likely to reuse syringes, while those who injected in public were less likely to do so. Clients with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) showed a 62% reduction in sharing injection equipment, while those who injected in public showed a 62% increase in sharing equipment. Importantly, increasing syringe coverage was associated with a decrease in both sharing injection equipment and reusing syringes. The study suggests that improving syringe coverage among SSP clients could be a key factor in reducing behaviors that put individuals at risk of contracting HIV and HCV.


UMLS:C0400920


UMLS:C0184967


UMLS:C0562508

The study evaluated a program in Boston, MA, that initiated opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment in the emergency department (ED). The study found that young, white, male patients were most likely to receive ED-OUD care. Patients who received ED-OUD care were more likely to engage in subsequent treatment. However, referrals were made less often for Black or Hispanic/Latinx patients. The initiation of OUD treatment in the ED was associated with increased engagement in outpatient addiction care.


UMLS:C0870597


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C5574920


UMLS:C5441846


UMLS:C5229075


UMLS:C0019863

The study compared the effectiveness of sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone and extended-release injection naltrexone in treating opioid use disorder. It was found that patients' demographic and clinical characteristics influenced the response to these medications. Homeless patients had a lower relapse rate when treated with extended-release naltrexone compared to buprenorphine-naloxone. However, non-homeless patients had a higher relapse rate with extended-release naltrexone. Other factors such as parole and probation status, medication preference, and presence of pain also influenced the effectiveness of these treatments.


UMLS:C0425169


UMLS:C0278139


UMLS:C1509003

The study investigates the effectiveness of emergency department-initiated buprenorphine (EDIB) in connecting patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) to outpatient treatment. The study found that 77% of patients attended their first referral appointment and 43.1% were retained in treatment after 30 days. The average time in treatment was 158 days. The study suggests that while EDIB programs are effective in promoting initial attendance, more work is needed to improve 30-day retention rates.


UMLS:C1509003


UMLS:C1144888

First referral appointment for OUD treatment


UMLS:C1144888


UMLS:C1138603

The study explores the impact of COVID-19 on the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) in California, based on the perspectives of service providers. Initial observations showed a slight decrease in patient admissions, followed by an increase due to escalated mental health issues, alcohol use, and relapse. Clinics adapted by implementing flexible service delivery modes, including curbside dosing and extended take-home medication. About half of the clinics offered telemedicine, with many patients preferring telephone-based services over video-based ones. However, internet instability and technical difficulties posed challenges. Despite the difficulties, the healthcare systems quickly adjusted, potentially leading to long-term changes in SUD service delivery.


UMLS:C0442592


UMLS:C0087178

The study investigates the prevalence and treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) among youth engaged in primary care. The study found that 0.7% of the 303,262 youth had a documented OUD diagnosis. The prevalence of OUD increased with age. About half of the youth with OUD had documented depression or anxiety and one third had co-occurring substance use disorders. The receipt of medication for OUD was lowest among youth aged 16-17 years old (14%) and highest among those aged 22-25 (39%). The study concludes that there is a low receipt of medication treatment, and high prevalence of other substance use disorders and mental health disorders, indicating an urgent need to increase medication treatment for OUD and to integrate treatment for other substance use and mental health disorders.


UMLS:C0682328


UMLS:C5230801

The study examines the safety and tolerability of high-dose buprenorphine induction for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) presenting to an emergency department (ED). The data was collected from a single, urban, safety-net hospital in Oakland, California, for the calendar year 2018. The results suggest that high-dose buprenorphine induction was safe and well tolerated in patients with untreated OUD. No cases of respiratory depression or sedation were reported. All cases of precipitated withdrawal had no association with dose. Nausea or vomiting was rare. The median length of stay was 2.4 hours.


UMLS:C5230801


UMLS:C0556025

The study investigates the proportion of people who had naloxone, an opioid antagonist, and the predictors of naloxone ownership among two groups of people who inject drugs (PWID) in urban and rural Oregon. The study found that 61% of the urban sample and 30% of the rural sample had naloxone. In the urban sample, naloxone ownership was associated with being female, injecting goofballs, housing stability, and overdose training. In the rural sample, naloxone ownership was associated with drug of choice, frequency of injection, and race. The study concludes that naloxone ownership is insufficient and highly variable among these groups, and that males, people who use methamphetamine, and people experiencing homelessness may be at increased risk for not having naloxone.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284596


UMLS:C0204643

The study investigates the effectiveness of care facilitation in improving the treatment of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in individuals with HCV/HIV and substance use. The care facilitation group received motivation and strengths-based case management, while the control group received referral to HCV evaluation and assistance in making care appointments. The primary outcome was the number of steps achieved along a series of 8 clinical steps of the HCV/HIV care continuum over 12 months. The results showed that the care facilitation group completed a significantly higher number of steps compared to the control group, particularly among men. However, there was no significant difference in achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) between the two groups.


UMLS:C5397535


UMLS:C1271033

Number of steps in HCV/HIV care continuum


UMLS:C2827413


UMLS:C0679646


UMLS:C3494886

The study shows that a fellowship training program created by Rush University, which included an online waiver course, an in-person intensive training weekend, and a 9-month webinar series, was successful in increasing the number of providers prescribing buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment in Illinois. The results indicate that more training beyond the waiver is needed to initiate buprenorphine prescribing.


UMLS:C1138603


UMLS:C0030705

The study investigates the retention rates in Opioid Agonist Therapy (OAT) among patients with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), with and without HIV. Data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study was used, and it was found that 13.7% of the 7,334 patients with OUD initiated OAT, and 27.8% were retained 12 months later. The likelihood of initiation and retention did not vary by HIV status. Factors that improved the likelihood of retention included receiving buprenorphine (relative to methadone), receiving both buprenorphine and methadone at some point over the 12-month period, or diagnosis of HCV. A history of homelessness was associated with a lower likelihood of retention. The predictors of retention were largely distinct between patients with HIV and patients without HIV.


UMLS:C0030705

The study designed and validated a Markov model to estimate the impact of Addiction consult services (ACS) on 12-month mortality among hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). The model was populated using Oregon Medicaid data and validated using international modeling standards. The study found that 4% of patients were referred to an ACS, and 47% of those engaged in post-discharge OUD care, compared to 20% not referred to an ACS. The risk of drug-related death at 12 months was 3% among patients in post-discharge OUD care, versus 6% not in care. The risk of non-drug related death was 7% among patients in post-discharge OUD treatment, versus 9% not in care.


UMLS:C0581036


UMLS:C2112596


UMLS:C0813947

The study found that individuals treated for opioid use disorder (OUD) who also have psychiatric disorders have worse substance use outcomes and poorer psychosocial functioning than those without mental disorders. Specifically, those with bipolar disorder reported more days using opioids and heroin, while those with major depressive disorder spent more time engaged with OUD pharmacotherapy. These findings highlight the need for mental health assessment and treatment in conjunction with pharmacotherapy for patients with OUD.


MONDO:0001156


MONDO:0002009


UMLS:C4746449


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:643985

The paper discusses the need for expanding access to methadone treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States. It highlights the shortage of opioid treatment programs (OTPs) and the existing racial and geographic disparities in access to methadone treatment. The National Institute on Drug Abuse Center for Clinical Trials Network has identified six areas where research is needed to improve and create more equitable access to methadone treatment. These areas include access to methadone in general medical settings, the impact of treatment setting on patient outcomes, the effect of treatment structure on outcomes, the effectiveness of different medications for OUD, the optimal educational and support structure for methadone provision, and the benefits and harms of expanded methadone access.


UMLS:C5560051


UMLS:C1140263


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study investigates the effectiveness of adding Individual Opioid Drug Counseling (ODC) to buprenorphine treatment for people with opioid use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results indicate that patients with PTSD significantly benefit from the addition of ODC to their buprenorphine treatment, with a 67% successful treatment outcome compared to a 36% response rate for those who received buprenorphine alone.