UMLS:C0205653

The study evaluated the impact of prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) mandates on adolescent injection drug use (IDU) in the United States from 1995 to 2017. The analysis used data from the Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System (YRBSS) and compared changes in adolescent IDU in 18 states with PDMP mandates and 29 states without such mandates. The results showed that PDMP mandates were associated with a 1.5 percentage point reduction in adolescent IDU, a relative reduction of 42.9%. This reduction persisted at least 4 years beyond the implementation of the mandates. The study suggests that PDMP mandates may be an effective strategy for preventing adolescent IDU.


UMLS:C4018909

The study used opioid overdose mortality data from 146 counties in North and South Carolina from 2001 to 2014 to develop predictive models for the allocation of public health resources. The logistic growth model was found to be superior to the standard Bayesian Poisson space-time model in predicting future opioid overdose mortality rates. The study found that capacity limits were higher in counties with a larger population size, a higher percentage of the population aged 45-64, and a higher percentage of the white population. The onset of the opioid epidemic was associated with a higher incidence of overdose hospitalizations in the same and previous year. The growth in annual rates of opioid fatalities was found to be capacity-limited, heterogeneous across counties, and spatially correlated.


UMLS:C1257890


UMLS:C2114450


UMLS:C0573420

The study investigates the use of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in patients hospitalized for injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis (IDU-IE). The study found that only a small proportion of patients received MOUD after hospitalization. The receipt of MOUD was not associated with reduced mortality overall, but it was associated with reduced mortality in the month it was received. The study suggests that efforts to improve MOUD initiation and retention after IDU-IE hospitalization may be beneficial.


UMLS:C0279194


UMLS:C0205653

The paper discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the treatment of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with substance use disorders (SUD). The authors note that AYAs with SUD have low rates of engagement and retention in treatment due to factors such as stigma and challenges in accessing appropriate treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated changes in the provision of care for these individuals, and the paper explores the potential positive and negative impacts of these changes.


UMLS:C2959711


UMLS:C1444711

The paper discusses the challenges in engaging and retaining young adults with opioid use disorder in treatment. It suggests that community-based approaches that respect the autonomy of the young adults and involve their families could potentially improve outcomes for this high-risk group.


UMLS:C0231305


UMLS:C5541642

The study compared the rates of opioid-related overdose and all-cause hospitalization after outpatient medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment versus inpatient care. The research used data from commercially insured individuals in the US who initiated treatment with inpatient care and/or MOUD. The results suggest that outpatient MOUD treatment is associated with lower rates of subsequent overdose and hospitalization compared to short- or long-term inpatient care.


UMLS:C5541642


UMLS:C1741419


UMLS:C1444711

The paper discusses the lack of attention given to the care needs of young adults with substance use disorders. The Grayken Center for Addiction Medicine at Boston Medical Center convened a meeting of experts to establish principles of care for this population. The principles cover areas such as evidence-based substance use treatment, family engagement in care, recovery support services, comorbid psychiatric illness, harm reduction, and criminal justice system reform.


UMLS:C5395254

Grayken Center for Addiction Medicine at Boston Medical Center


UMLS:C0243024


UMLS:C0871685

The paper discusses the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) in young adults, a condition most commonly diagnosed during this age. The study emphasizes the importance of identifying and addressing SUDs to prevent long-term addiction and related health issues. It suggests that young adults should have access to a variety of evidence-based treatments, including assessment, psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments, harm reduction interventions, and recovery services. These treatments should be tailored to the individual's needs and provided in the least restrictive environment. The paper also highlights the importance of continuous engagement with young adults, especially during relapse periods, and asserts that SUD treatments should meet the same evidence and quality standards as treatments for other chronic health conditions.


UMLS:C1444711

Assessment, Psychosocial treatments, Pharmacologic treatments, Harm reduction interventions, Recovery services


UMLS:C0150358

should be held to the same evidence and quality standards as


UMLS:C0814331

The paper discusses two principles of harm reduction for young adults with substance use disorders. The first principle emphasizes the importance of harm reduction services in keeping young adults alive and healthy, and as a means of future engagement in treatment. These services should be offered regardless of an individual's interest or ability to minimize substance use. The second principle states that all evidence-based harm reduction strategies available to older adults should also be available to young adults. Furthermore, these programs should be developmentally appropriate and tailored to young adults.


UMLS:C0814331

offer opportunities for future engagement in


UMLS:C4535963

Evidence-based harm reduction strategies


UMLS:C1269817

The study investigates the unintended consequences of restrictive opioid prescribing policies. It identifies three factors that may increase the risk of accidental opioid overdose among patients prescribed opioids for pain: desperation due to persistent pain and comorbidities, limited knowledge about opioid medication safety and effectiveness, and restrictive opioid prescribing policies that exacerbate stigma, fear, mistrust, and hinder open patient-clinician communication. The study suggests that some patients, in their desperation to alleviate persistent pain, may resort to taking more medications or in different intervals than prescribed, mixing them with other substances, or using illicitly obtained opioids. The study concludes that macro-level policies and guidelines designed to reduce opioid overdoses by restricting opioid supply may paradoxically create a micro-level risk environment that contributes to overdose events in a subset of patients.


UMLS:C0030705

took more or in different intervals than prescribed


UMLS:C0242456


UMLS:C0030705

The study explores the reasons behind the low uptake of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) treatment among patients at a drug detoxification center, most of whom have a history of injecting drugs. The main barriers identified include the lack of immediate consequences from a positive HCV test, disruptions due to active substance use, and the perceived inevitability of re-infection. The patients suggested solutions such as integrating HCV treatment within substance use treatment programs, providing high-intensity wraparound care, same-day/walk-in options, assistance with navigating the health care system, and addressing immediate needs like housing.


UMLS:C0946429


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:56680598

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:56680598

Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)


UMLS:C5437057

Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine


UMLS:C0332189

The study investigates the factors associated with filled naloxone prescriptions among patients receiving buprenorphine for opioid use disorder. The study found that only 4.5% of buprenorphine treatment episodes had filled naloxone prescriptions. The odds of filling a naloxone prescription were higher among episodes paid through Medicaid and Medicare, and when the primary prescriber was an addiction specialist or a physician assistant/nurse practitioner. Despite recommendations, rates of filling naloxone prescriptions remain low among patients dispensed buprenorphine. The study suggests that strategies should be implemented to increase co-prescribing of naloxone to at-risk individuals.


UMLS:C0028657


UMLS:C4759365

The study examines the factors associated with naloxone co-prescribing among long-term opioid patients. The research found that naloxone co-prescribing occurred in 2.3% of long-term opioid therapy episodes. The odds of naloxone co-prescribing were higher among Medicaid and Medicare episodes, high-dose opioid episodes, when concomitant benzodiazepines were prescribed, and in counties with higher fatal overdose rates. Despite recommendations, co-prescribing rates remain low overall. The study suggests that states, insurers, and health systems should consider implementing strategies to facilitate increased co-prescribing of naloxone to at-risk individuals.


UMLS:C0025071


UMLS:C5699698


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:134664


UMLS:C0681676


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

The study found that the distribution of buprenorphine, a medication used to treat opioid addiction, increased nationally in the United States from 2007 to 2017. However, the growth was disproportionately higher in areas with a higher percentage of White residents. The study also found that the effect of increasing the number of waivered prescribers (doctors allowed to prescribe buprenorphine) was smaller in areas with lower percentages of White residents, particularly in states that expanded Medicaid. The researchers concluded that broad initiatives to increase the number of waivered prescribers may not be sufficient to achieve equitable access to buprenorphine, and that targeted policy efforts are needed.


UMLS:C4542877

effect of increasing number smaller among


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073

need targeted to achieve equitable access


UMLS:C0242402

The paper discusses the methodological challenges faced by researchers when evaluating the effectiveness of opioid policies using observational data. It also proposes potential solutions to these challenges. The challenges include obtaining high-quality opioid policy and outcome data, operationalizing and specifying opioid policies, addressing confounding factors, identifying heterogeneous policy effects, disentangling effects of concurrent policies, and overcoming limited statistical power. The paper emphasizes the need for increasing the methodological rigor of opioid evaluation studies to identify and implement the most effective opioid policies.


UMLS:C0018104


UMLS:C4300179


UMLS:C0430053


UMLS:C0021675

The study aimed to assess the discontinuation of extended-release buprenorphine among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States. The study found that three months after initiation, 50% of extended-release buprenorphine, 64% of extended-release naltrexone, 34% of mucosal buprenorphine, and 58% of methadone initiators had discontinued treatment. The study concluded that medication discontinuation was high across all treatment groups and that extended-release buprenorphine did not offer a retention advantage compared to other medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in real-world settings.


UMLS:C5451882


UMLS:C0419163

The study investigates the impact of Good Samaritan laws (GSLs) on overdose mortality rates in the United States, particularly in the context of the opioid epidemic. The study found that GSLs, which provide limited criminal immunity to individuals who seek help during an overdose, when enacted in conjunction with Naloxone Access Laws (NAL), were associated with a 7% decrease in all overdose deaths, a 10% decrease in opioid overdose deaths, and an 11% decrease in heroin/synthetic overdose deaths two years after enactment. However, GSLs with protections for charge or prosecution did not show significant reductions in overdose mortality. The study suggests that policy makers should consider implementing more expansive GSLs with arrest protections to increase the likelihood of people contacting emergency services during an overdose.


UMLS:C0442575

Good Samaritan laws (GSLs) with protections for charge or prosecution


UMLS:C0242170

Good Samaritan laws (GSLs) with arrest protections


UMLS:C1444711

The study explores the perspectives of recovery among young adults with substance use disorder. The research involved in-depth interviews with 20 young adults diagnosed with substance use disorder. Four themes related to recovery were identified: recovery as a way to live a normal life not defined by substance use, the need for recovery to include multiple components like mental health treatment, recovery as a self-motivated process, and recovery as a lifelong pursuit. These findings suggest that treatment models for young adults should consider incorporating these elements to improve engagement and retention.


UMLS:C0237820


UMLS:C0242402

The study examined opioid prescribing practices in the US for individuals under 25 years old from 2006 to 2018. The findings showed a decrease in the opioid dispensing rate, the mean amount of opioids dispensed, and rates of short-duration and high-dosage prescriptions for all age groups older than 5 years. However, the duration of prescriptions remained longer than 5 days across all ages. For children aged 0 to 5 years, there were annual increases from 2011 to 2014 in the mean amount of opioids dispensed and rates of long-duration, high-dosage, and extended-release or long-acting formulation prescriptions. Despite the overall decrease in opioid dispensing rates, opioids remain readily dispensed, and high-risk prescribing practices appear to be common, especially in younger children.


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C4277641


UMLS:C0027413

The study analyzed the impact of Pain Management Clinic (PMC) laws on opioid prescribing and overdose deaths in the United States from 2010-2018. The findings suggest that laws with criminal penalties were associated with a reduction in high-risk opioid prescribing and some opioid overdoses. However, these laws were also associated with an increase in synthetic opioid and heroin overdose deaths, indicating potential unintended consequences.


UMLS:C0521995

Alcohol and non-medical benzodiazepine use

The study assessed the prevalence of alcohol use in conjunction with nonmedical opioid and benzodiazepine use in a nationally representative sample of adults in Brazil. The data was collected from the 2015 Brazilian Household Survey on Substance Use. The results showed that among adults who reported past year alcohol use, 0.4% reported past month alcohol and non-medical benzodiazepine use, and 0.5% reported past month alcohol and non-medical opioid use. Factors associated with co-use of alcohol and benzodiazepines included depression, anxiety, and tobacco use. Factors associated with past-month alcohol and opioid use included having experienced physical or a threat of violence, and tobacco use.


UMLS:C2362914


MESH:D062789


UMLS:C0042693


UMLS:C0279211

The study used machine learning to analyze the impact of hundreds of laws aimed at reducing inappropriate prescription opioid dispensing in the United States. The study identified that patient data access provisions and several pain management clinic provisions were predictive of county prescription opioid dispensing patterns. However, the predictive performance across models was poor, suggesting that prescription opioid laws alone do not strongly predict dispensing. The study suggests that further research is needed to test these provisions' causal relationships with inappropriate dispensing.


UMLS:C3162039


UMLS:C0681842

The study developed and validated a prediction model for opioid use disorder (OUD) in youth aged 14-18 years. The model was developed using data from a Colorado healthcare system and validated in a separate Denver safety net health system. The model contained three predictors: smoking status, mental health diagnosis, and non-opioid substance use or disorder. The model demonstrated good calibration and discrimination, identifying 57-88% of subsequent OUD diagnoses in youth. However, the positive predictive value was less than 1%, suggesting that universal prevention strategies for opioid use in youth may be the best approach.


UMLS:C0681842


UMLS:C0814357


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:5284603

The study suggests that the reformulation of OxyContin, which significantly reduced the availability of abusable prescription opioids, led to a shift in the opioid crisis from prescription opioids to heroin in the short term. However, over a longer period, the reformulation stimulated the growth and evolution of illicit drug markets. Areas with higher rates of nonmedical OxyContin use before reformulation experienced disproportionate increases in fatal overdoses involving synthetic opioids (fentanyl) and nonopioid substances like cocaine. This indicates that the rise in heroin deaths and these new epidemics are driven by the same factors. The transition to illicit markets spurred by reformulation led to an overall increase in the overdose rate to unprecedented levels.


UMLS:C1292806


UMLS:C1390377

experienced disproportionate increases in


UMLS:C0035173

The study reviews the use of claims data in research on opioid use and policies aimed at reducing misuse. The researchers analyzed 164 articles from 2014-2020 that used claims-based measures of opioid utilization. The most common measure was any opioid use, followed by quantity of opioids, chronic opioid use, overlapping prescriptions, and multiple providers. The definitions of these measures varied significantly across studies. The researchers suggest that those using these measures should carefully consider which definitions are most suitable for their study and how different definitions may affect the results.


UMLS:C0678251


UMLS:C0681814


UMLS:C0035173


UMLS:C5230801

The study examined the caseloads of buprenorphine-prescribing clinicians over a period of 6 years. It was found that most prescribers treated few patients monthly, with 89.4% of prescribers having a low-volume caseload of fewer than 5 patients monthly. Only 1.4% of prescribers had a high-volume caseload of approximately 40 patients monthly. The study suggests that efforts are needed to identify factors that would encourage prescribers to continue prescribing buprenorphine over time and to more patients.


UMLS:C5230801


UMLS:C1321228

The study investigates the role of self-control (SC) in early childhood and its impact on academic self-efficacy in adolescence. The research was conducted on a sample of low-/middle-income Black participants who were part of a randomized universal preventive trial in first grade. The study found that teacher-rated SC in early childhood predicts academic self-efficacy up to 11 years later. The effectiveness of prevention programs varied based on baseline behavioral regulation skills.


UMLS:C0679721


UMLS:C0038535


UMLS:C4279956

federal policy for substance use disorder treatment expansion

The study aimed to assess the impact of policy changes on substance use disorder (SUD) treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. As of April 2020, half of the states (24) did not implement any policies, leaving approximately 460,955 people in treatment and 114,370 people on medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) without any policy expansion. Only telemedicine for buprenorphine initiation was marginally associated with pre-pandemic rate of SUD treatment and MOUD therapy. No policies were associated with state-wide SUD prevalence or rate of unmet treatment need.


UMLS:C5229063

Telemedicine for buprenorphine initiation


UMLS:C0003390

state-wide SUD prevalence or rate of unmet treatment need


UMLS:C1145180

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UMLS:C5541424


UMLS:C0870281


UMLS:C2143030


UMLS:C2348972

The study examined the relationship between cost-sharing and the receipt of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in 10,513 commercially insured individuals. It was found that a high medical deductible was associated with a lower likelihood of initiating MOUD. No significant associations were found between other cost-sharing measures and MOUD initiation, engagement, or retention. The initial 30-day out-of-pocket costs ranged from $100 for methadone to $710 for extended-release naltrexone. The study suggests that policy and benefit design should consider ways to reduce cost barriers to initiation and retention in MOUD.


UMLS:C0279194


UMLS:C0422072


UMLS:C0559681

The study uses a microsimulation model to compare the cost-effectiveness and clinical outcomes of different antibiotic treatment strategies for patients with injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis (IDU-IE). The strategies include inpatient intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy with opioid detoxification, inpatient IV antibiotic therapy with inpatient addiction care services, inpatient IV antibiotic therapy with addiction care services followed by outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), and inpatient IV antibiotic therapy with addiction care services followed by partial oral antibiotic therapy. The results show that the partial oral antibiotic strategy had the highest treatment completion rate and was the most cost-effective. Incorporating OPAT or partial oral antibiotic approaches with addiction care services increased the number of people completing treatment, decreased mortality, and saved costs compared to the usual care strategy.


UMLS:C0559681


UMLS:C3161541

Adult primary care physicians and advanced practice providers

The study examined the rates of subsequent buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder in patients who initially received buprenorphine prescriptions from emergency physicians. The study found that only 28.5% of these patients subsequently filled buprenorphine prescriptions written by other clinicians. The majority of these subsequent prescriptions were written by adult primary care physicians and advanced practice providers. The rates of subsequent prescriptions were 3.5% lower after the declaration of the COVID-19 public health emergency.


UMLS:C0149761

COVID-19 public health emergency declaration


UMLS:C4481657

The study explores the experiences of recently pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD) and their perceptions of barriers to treatment utilization and adherence. Four main barriers were identified: lack of agency and autonomy in medication decisions, hesitancy to use medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD) due to fear of newborn withdrawal, concern about increased scrutiny and potential loss of custody due to mandated child protective services reporting, and perception of inequitable care in treatment environments. The study suggests interventions such as shared decision-making, education about perinatal MOUD safety and efficacy, detangling MOUD and neonatal withdrawal signs from mandated reporting, and improving gender-responsive and equitable care in treatment programs.


UMLS:C0557823


UMLS:C0808232


UMLS:C1628316

The study focuses on the training provided in pediatric residency programs regarding adolescent substance use and opioid misuse. It correlates this training with local overdose rates and identifies areas where training is lacking.


UMLS:C4505498


UMLS:C0678249

Non-medical prescription opioid use (NMPOU)

The paper is a systematic review of the health outcomes related to non-medical prescription opioid use (NMPOU). The review found a large body of evidence linking NMPOU to mental and behavioral disorders, as well as opioid use disorder and both fatal and non-fatal overdoses. There is less evidence linking NMPOU to infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis C, and even less evidence linking it to intentional self-harm, suicidal ideation, and assault. The findings suggest that more high-quality research is needed to fully understand the health impacts of NMPOU.


UMLS:C0678249


UMLS:C0680579

The study investigates the impact of prenatal substance use policies (PSUPs) on pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD). The policies range from supportive ones that enhance access to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment to punitive ones that criminalize prenatal substance use. The study found that supportive policies that fund targeted SUD treatment programs led to a decrease in opioid overdoses and an increase in the use of OUD medication. However, punitive policies led to a decrease in the use of psychosocial services for SUD and methadone services, and an increase in opioid overdoses. The study suggests that supportive policies are more effective in reducing adverse maternal outcomes associated with prenatal opioid use.


UMLS:C0344211


UMLS:C0458279


UMLS:C0025071

The study found that Hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening rates increased among commercially insured individuals when state Medicaid programs relaxed HCV treatment policy. This was particularly true in states that reduced fibrosis or both fibrosis and abstinence restrictions. However, HCV treatment rates did not show similar patterns and declined after 2015 across groups. The findings suggest that Medicaid treatment policies can affect health outcomes among commercially insured populations.


UMLS:C2367818


UMLS:C1442792


UMLS:C1444711

The study explores the perceptions of young adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) about their families' beliefs on OUD and medication treatment, and how these beliefs influence their own treatment decisions. The study found that family history of substance use disorder and treatment negatively impacted how young adults perceive their OUD and medication treatment. Many families held negative or stigmatizing views of medication treatment. Acceptance by family was important but young adults acknowledged that keeping treatment decisions from family was sometimes necessary. The study suggests that future research could target the beliefs of family members to improve engagement and retention of youth adults with OUD.


UMLS:C0015576


HP:0032316


UMLS:C2922974


UMLS:C0205174


UMLS:C0683677

The study used a modified Delphi process to identify the most beneficial and harmful laws related to opioid-related harm. The process involved consultation with opioid experts and included a preliminary focus group, two consecutive surveys, and a final focus group feedback session. The results showed that overdose Good Samaritan laws, naloxone access laws, and pain management clinic laws were rated as the most helpful. Drug-induced homicide (DIH) laws were rated as the most harmful. The most helpful provisions were naloxone standing orders and Medicaid coverage of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). The most harmful provision was mandatory minimum DIH laws and requiring prior authorization for Medicaid coverage of MOUD. The experts rated laws and provisions that facilitated harm reduction efforts and access to MOUD as most helpful, while those that criminalized substance use and placed restrictions on access to MOUD were rated as most harmful.


UMLS:C0027413


UMLS:C2234357


UMLS:C2136441


UMLS:C0814681


UMLS:C0220847

The study found that Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among pregnant people and their newborns in the US increased significantly from 2009 to 2019, particularly among White and American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals without a 4-year degree. Individual factors associated with higher HCV rates included being White or AI/AN, not having a 4-year degree, having Medicaid insurance, and being unmarried. County-level factors such as rural residence, higher employment rates, and a greater density of obstetricians were associated with lower HCV risk. Among those at highest risk, higher county employment levels were linked to a slower rise in HCV infections over time.


UMLS:C0220847


UMLS:C0220847

American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals


UMLS:C0030705

The study explores the barriers faced by patients in accessing treatment for substance use disorder, particularly opioid use disorder, after completing short-term inpatient medically managed withdrawal programs. The barriers identified by patients include lack of continuity of care, limited number of detox and residential treatment program beds, unstable housing, and lack of options when choosing a treatment pathway. The solutions proposed by patients include increasing low-barrier access to community medications for opioid use disorder, adding case managers at the detox center to establish continuity of care after discharge, increasing assistance with housing, and encouraging patient participation in treatment decisions.


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C3494470

The paper reviews the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) therapy in treating substance use disorder (SUD). The review found that VR therapy was effective in reducing substance use and cravings in most studies. However, the results were mixed when it came to improving mood, anxiety, and emotional regulation. The review suggests that VR therapy has the potential to improve these secondary treatment outcomes, especially if the therapy targets these psychological symptoms.


UMLS:C3494470


UMLS:C0589263


UMLS:C0079256

Substance use disorder treatment facilities

The study examined the geographic distribution of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment facilities in the US and their accepted forms of payment from 2010 to 2021. It found that cash was the most commonly accepted form of payment, followed by private insurance, Medicaid, and Medicare. The proportion of counties with a treatment facility that accepted Medicare as a form of payment increased from 41.2% to 53.8%. However, Medicare beneficiaries have less geographic accessibility to SUD treatment facilities compared to other forms of payment. The study suggests that policy makers should consider increasing reimbursement rates and using additional incentives to encourage the acceptance of Medicare.


UMLS:C0018717

Substance use disorder treatment facilities


UMLS:C0242170

need to consider increasing reimbursement rates and using additional incentives to encourage the acceptance of


UMLS:C1512035

The study investigates the role of dopamine (DA) and glutamate co-release in the nucleus accumbens in the development of substance use disorders (SUDs). It was found that many DA neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens also release the neurotransmitter glutamate. This co-release is crucial in mediating the effects of drugs of abuse on addiction-related behaviors. The study also discusses how drugs of abuse, particularly cocaine, opioids, and alcohol, alter DA release in the nucleus accumbens medial shell and the potential role of DA/glutamate co-release in mediating these effects.


UMLS:C1456651


GO:0099124


CHEBI:33707

Dopamine (DA) loading into synaptic vesicles


UMLS:C1160846

The study investigated the feasibility of three nonpharmacological pain management interventions (NPMIs) in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT): Coping with Pain, Wii-Covery, and Juggling Group. The study found that attendance at any of these groups was associated with significant reductions in pain intensity, anxiety, depression, and stress, and increases in energy and happiness. The study suggests that these interventions are feasible in MMT and that their efficacy should be systematically examined.


UMLS:C1160846


UMLS:C5200719

The paper discusses the ongoing opioid crisis and the lack of significant change in the number of overdose deaths related to prescription opioids over the last decade. It suggests comprehensive pain recovery programs as a potential solution. These programs, which were popular from the 1960s to the 1980s, involve a multidisciplinary approach to pain management, including physical therapy, emotional and spiritual support, cognitive behavioral therapy, and non-opioid pharmacotherapies. The paper argues that these programs should be revitalized and expanded as a frontline approach to treat chronic pain, as they can reduce pain severity, improve functioning, and potentially prevent the onset of non-medical opioid use and opioid use disorder.


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C1456496

The paper explores the relationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and risky substance use. The authors propose that for TBI to be considered a cause of risky substance use, it must be proven that TBI precedes substance use, potential confounders must be ruled out, and a plausible mechanism of action must be identified. The review of clinical and preclinical studies shows an association between TBI and risky substance use, although the strength of this association varies. The paper suggests possible mechanisms by which TBI could increase substance use, including damage-associated neuroplasticity, chronic changes in neuroimmune signaling, and TBI-associated alterations in brain networks.


UMLS:C1456496


UMLS:C0030705

The study provides a retrospective review of medical records of patients receiving office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) with buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (OUD). It was found that 42.0% of these patients had another primary care provider. Common comorbid conditions included chronic pain and psychiatric diagnosis. Patients reported a median of 4 medications, with cardiovascular, antidepressant, and nonopioid pain agents being common. Older patients had a higher median number of medications. There was no significant difference in positive opioid urine toxicology based on age, chronic pain status, or psychoactive medications. Patients retained for more than a year were less likely to have positive opioid urine toxicology. The study supports the call for primary care providers to provide OBOT as the clinical needs of many patients receiving OBOT are similar to those of the general population.


UMLS:C4324621

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)

The study investigates the social support and functioning of patients receiving medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment in a low-threshold clinic. The patients were primarily male, aged 34 or older, non-Hispanic White, separated or not married, and unemployed. Over 20% did not live in a house or apartment in the past month. Women were more likely to have social support and to identify their partner as their source of support. Women, non-White, and older patients were at higher risk of social functioning-disrupting events, while employment and housing were protective against exposure to these trauma-related events. However, employment and housing also decreased the odds of talking with others about substance use. The results suggest that treatment facilities may benefit from adopting strategies that take baseline disparities in support and functioning into account.


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C0014003


MONDO:0021895

Patients with temporomandibular disorder

The study investigates the relationship between affective states, pain expectancies, and pain experiences in patients with chronic pain, specifically temporomandibular disorder. The findings suggest that positive affective states in the morning can influence the congruence between low pain expectancies and low pain experiences. In contrast, negative affective states did not significantly influence the congruence between high pain expectancies and high pain experiences.


UMLS:C0235146

Low pain expectancies and low pain experiences


UMLS:C1262620

High pain expectancies and high pain experiences

do not significantly influence congruence between


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644019

The paper discusses the use of Cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L., as a potential treatment for chronic pain. Clinical evidence suggests that CBD provides therapeutic benefits in certain forms of epilepsy and imparts analgesia in certain conditions, improving quality of life. However, CBD use does not always resolve pain and freely purchased CBD carries the risk of adulteration by potentially hazardous chemicals. The paper also highlights the rising use of CBD by pregnant women, which poses a major health hazard for future generations.


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644019


UMLS:C0939898

The paper discusses the use of cannabis for pain management in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Opioids, the primary treatment for SCD pain, have been linked to adverse effects and deaths, leading to an increase in cannabis use for pain relief. However, the reliability of many cannabis products is questionable, posing a health risk. The review provides insights into cannabis-based treatment strategies, their mechanisms of action, and outcomes in SCD, highlighting both the benefits and risks of cannabis use in SCD.


UMLS:C0304395


UMLS:C0180629

The study presents a new method for recording electrophysiological activity from the human spinal cord using implanted epidural electrodes during natural movements such as walking. The method was tested on patients with chronic pain who were being evaluated for spinal cord stimulation. The results showed that it is safe and feasible to perform epidural spinal recordings from human subjects performing movement tasks.


UMLS:C0180629


UMLS:C0681814


UMLS:C4546305

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN)

The paper discusses the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a common side effect in cancer patients undergoing treatment. The study suggests that while oxidative stress is a key factor, the role of ER stress in CIPN is not fully understood. The paper also explores the potential of herbal agents in mitigating ER stress in nervous system disorders and their possible use in preventing CIPN.


CHEBI:26523

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN)


UMLS:C3178870


UMLS:C1504473


MONDO:0018660

The paper explores the role of oxidative stress in causing pain in hemophilia, a common X-linked bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of coagulation factors VIII or IX. Despite advancements in treatment and clinical management, the management of acute and chronic pain in hemophilia patients is still not well established. The paper suggests that oxidative stress in the peripheral and central nervous system may contribute to pain in hemophilia. The understanding of this mechanism could provide potential treatable targets using antioxidants to alleviate pain in hemophilia.


MONDO:0018660


UMLS:C5392205


CHEBI:48578


UBERON:0009847

The paper discusses the concept of subjectivity and its interaction with the brain. The authors argue that while many scientists have contributed to the understanding of brain computations and consciousness, none have been able to explain how biological processes acquire subjectivity. The authors propose a hypothesis that there may be undiscovered quantum fields that induce subjectivity when they interact with certain brain information. These fields emit quantum particles that exert force and cause changes to brain patterns conveying information. The paper also discusses the continuous interplay between experience and brain information, and how non-conscious experience may relate to the self and become conscious.


CHEBI:50853


UMLS:C2133564


UMLS:C5542083


UMLS:C3880992

The study used diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) to noninvasively measure changes in the diffusivity of in situ forming implants (ISFIs) over time. ISFIs were created using poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and fluorescein as a mock drug. The study found that the diffusivity at the implant shell remained constant, while the diffusivity within the interior increased over time, correlating with the increasing porosity of the implant microstructure. The study confirmed that DWI can be used to noninvasively characterize the transport properties within the implant both in vitro and in vivo.


UMLS:C3880992


UMLS:C0598801


UMLS:C0973252


UMLS:C1518563

The study reveals a significant increase in the proportion of older adults seeking first-time treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in the U.S. from 2004 to 2017. The majority of these older adults sought treatment in outpatient and residential facilities, which were less likely to offer supervised detoxification, certain medications, or mental health services compared to hospital-based facilities. Less than 25% of hospital-based and 20% of residential or outpatient facilities offered specialty services for older adults. The study concludes that U.S. substance abuse treatment providers are not adequately addressing the changing needs of older adults with AUD.


UMLS:C2874415


UMLS:C0035186

Supervised detoxification, Acamprosate, Naltrexone, Psychiatric medications, Mental health services

Procedure, Chemical, Chemical, Chemical, Treatment


UMLS:C0337986

Hospital-based, residential, and outpatient facilities


UMLS:C0200768

The study compared prospective and retrospective motion correction techniques in automated image segmentation algorithms on magnetic resonance images from 12 unsedated children. The prospective technique, PROMO MPRAGE, adjusts the remaining acquisition based on motion estimates from specially acquired navigator images. The retrospective technique, MPnRAGE, uses a self-navigation property to estimate and account for motion during image reconstruction. Both techniques performed similarly when motion was negligible. However, when motion was not negligible, the retrospective technique showed the most consistent performance.


UMLS:C1553615


UMLS:C0259624


UMLS:C3878691

The study presents a platform for measuring arrestin recruitment kinetics to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) using a high quantum yield, genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor. The platform also includes a data analysis framework to quantify the recruitment kinetics. The sensor enabled high temporal resolution measurement of arrestin recruitment to the angiotensin AT1 and vasopressin V2 receptors. The analysis quantified the initial rate of arrestin recruitment (kτ), a biologically-meaningful kinetic drug efficacy parameter. Biased agonism was assessed by comparing kτ values for arrestin recruitment with those for Gq signaling via the AT1 receptor. The platform potentially improves and simplifies assessment of biased agonism.


UMLS:C0279446


PR:000014434

Angiotensin AT1 and Vasopressin V2 receptors


UMLS:C2825157


UMLS:C0205653

The study found that adolescents with cannabis use disorder (CUD) showed dysfunction in the neural processing of future events, which could impair decision-making. This was indicated by a negative relationship between CUD severity and responses within certain brain regions when processing potential future events of high intensity. However, the severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) did not show a similar association.


UMLS:C5419030

Subgenual anterior and posterior cingulate cortex


UMLS:C5419030


UMLS:C0001956


UMLS:C3882251

The study aimed to determine the accuracy of a wearable sensor in detecting and differentiating episodes of self-reported craving and stress in individuals with substance use disorders. The sensor was worn by adults enrolled in an outpatient treatment program for four days. The sensor collected continuous physiological data which was analyzed using machine learning algorithms. The study found that the sensor could differentiate stress vs. non-stress states with 74.5% accuracy, craving vs. no-craving with 75.7% accuracy, and craving vs. stress with 76.8% accuracy. Participants generally had a positive perception of the sensor and found it helpful in their recovery. However, some barriers to engagement were identified, including interference with other daily wear items and perceived stigma.


UMLS:C3511492


UMLS:C3882251


UMLS:C0679646


UMLS:C3879760

The study examines the psychometric properties of the Adulthood Trauma Inventory (ATI), a tool for assessing psychological trauma in adulthood. The ATI, a 33-item questionnaire, was completed by 893 participants. The study found that the ATI has a high internal consistency and is significantly correlated with indices of PTSD, depression, and early trauma. The ATI is a valid measure of adult psychological trauma and may be useful for both clinical assessment and research involving the long-term effects on the individual and psychobiology.


UMLS:C3879760


UMLS:C0205653

The study investigates the relationship between the severity of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) and neural dysfunction during decision making in adolescents. The study found that increasing AUD severity was associated with reduced neural differentiation between reward and punishment feedback within regions of the striatum, posterior cingulate cortex, and parietal cortex. However, increasing CUD severity was not associated with any neural dysfunction during the passive avoidance task.


UMLS:C0443158

The paper discusses the development of brain networks in utero and its relevance to common neurological disorders. It highlights the use of magnetic resonance imaging, histological, and gene analysis approaches to study prenatal brain development. The paper also explores the sensitivity of the intrauterine brain to environmental programming, windows of plasticity, and the prenatal origin of disorders that involve disruptions in large-scale network connectivity. It also discusses the plasticity of the early developing brain and potential sex differences in prenatal susceptibility. The paper suggests a need for more longitudinal studies to understand the consequences of individual variation in brain development before birth.


UMLS:C0521457


UMLS:C0851241


UMLS:C0024485


UMLS:C2194204

The paper discusses the recent developments in multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) that target G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The study suggests that single-target drugs may not be sufficient for treating complex diseases. Therefore, the focus has shifted towards developing drugs that can manipulate multiple targets for potential synergy. GPCRs are considered desirable targets for developing MTDLs due to their significant roles in various human diseases and the accessibility of druggable sites at the cell surface.


UMLS:C5235658


UMLS:C0682972

play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of


UMLS:C0682972


UMLS:C0561837

The study investigates the effects of non-invasive cervical vagal nerve stimulation (nVNS) on neural responses to traumatic stress. The results show that nVNS reduces brain activity in areas involved in stress response during exposure to traumatic scripts. This suggests that nVNS could potentially alleviate trauma symptoms by reducing stress sympathetic reactivity.


UMLS:C0035173

The study presents a method for analyzing kinetic signaling data for G-protein-coupled receptors. The researchers used a model-free approach and a mechanistic approach to analyze the data using the GraphPad Prism program. They found that signaling time course data usually conform to one of four curve shapes. The initial rate of signaling is quantified by curve-fitting to the whole time course. The study also shows that the four shapes are consistent with a mechanistic model of signaling, based on enzyme kinetics. The study extends the empirical and mechanistic approach used in classical pharmacology to kinetic signaling data, which could help in the optimization of new therapeutics.


UMLS:C0449247


GO:0023052


UMLS:C0332479


UMLS:C0681814


NCIT:C35041

The paper explores the complex relationship between diet, stress, obesity, and mental health disorders. It suggests that diet and obesity can directly affect mood, or stress-related mental disorders could lead to changes in dietary habits that affect weight. Stress or predisposition could also lead to both obesity and stress-related mental disorders. Specific aspects of diet can lead to acute changes in mood and stimulate inflammation. The paper also highlights the role of the gut microbiome in influencing brain function, mood, and behavior. Understanding these relationships could have significant implications for the treatment of stress-related mental disorders and obesity.


UMLS:C0032615


MESH:D000069196


UBERON:0000955


UMLS:C2350432

The paper discusses the use of noninvasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation (nVNS) in treating stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Traditional VNS required surgical implantation, limiting its use. However, new nVNS devices allow external stimulation of the vagus nerve. The effects of nVNS on patients can be measured using brain imaging, blood biomarkers, and wearable sensing devices. The paper suggests that nVNS has a positive effect on stress physiology and shows promise in the prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders.


UMLS:C2350432

Noninvasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation (nVNS)


UMLS:C0879411

The study introduces a new prediction scheme, Triple O, which uses neonatal brain connectivity data to predict IQ outcomes at 4 years of age. The Triple O method correctly identified 42.1% of IQ outliers in a mixed cohort of 175 newborns, with a high level of specificity (96.2%) and overall accuracy (90.3%). The enhanced Triple O+ method, which incorporates demographic information, could further differentiate between high and low 4-year IQ outliers. The results were consistent across seven independent reference samples, suggesting a minimum sample size of ~50 for robust performance. The study concludes that the Triple O approach shows great potential for predicting later outlying IQ performances using neonatal functional connectivity data.


UMLS:C5396540


UMLS:C2239178

The study investigates the heterogeneity at the brain-behavior relationship level in newborns. It suggests that different subgroups of infants may have different brain-behavior relationships that could lead to different developmental outcomes, even with similar brain phenotypes. The study was conducted on a sample of 81 infants with 3-week resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and 4-year intelligence quotient (IQ) measures. The results confirmed the existence of relationship-level heterogeneity in newborns and revealed two subgroups with similar brain functional connectivity but contrasting brain-behavior relationships. The subgroup with higher 4-year IQ outcomes had brain-behavior relationships congruent to their functional connectivity pattern in neonates, while the subgroup with lower 4-year IQ did not. This could potentially explain the observed IQ differences.


UMLS:C0443158


UMLS:C2239178


UMLS:C0423899


UMLS:C5195340


UMLS:C4544496

Transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (tcVNS)

The study investigates the effects of transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (tcVNS) on cardiovascular biomarkers. The research involved 24 human subjects and used electrocardiography and photoplethysmography to measure heart rate and photoplethysmogram amplitude responses to tcVNS. The results showed that the photoplethysmogram amplitude was more predictable and distinguishable between active and sham stimulation than heart rate. There was also a consistent delay of over 5 seconds between tcVNS onset and cardiovascular effects. The study suggests that these findings could be useful for wearable sensing devices for bioelectronic medicine, understanding the mechanism of tcVNS-induced effects on cardiovascular physiology, and determining dynamic biomarker signatures for therapy titration.


UMLS:C0203337

Transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (tcVNS)

has superior predictability and active vs sham separation compared to heart rate


UMLS:C4544496


UMLS:C2607943

Wearable sensing devices for bioelectronic medicine


UMLS:C0683007

The paper discusses the response to the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly in relation to people experiencing homelessness and substance use disorders. It was observed that these individuals often left isolation facilities prematurely due to the prohibition of drug use. The authors argue that expanding harm reduction access is crucial for managing subsequent waves of the virus and for the safety of patients who use substances and are hospitalized for other reasons.


UMLS:C0814331

Subsequent waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection


UMLS:C0814331

Patients who use substances and are hospitalized for other reasons


UMLS:C0023688

The paper discusses the design of bivalent ligands that target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) dimers, which are primary targets for drug discovery. Bivalent ligands are single molecules with two pharmacophores connected through a spacer. The paper reviews the selection of pharmacophores, the optimal length and chemical composition of the spacer, and the choice of spacer attachment points to the pharmacophores. The paper also reviews recent advances in the design, discovery, and development of bivalent ligands.


UMLS:C0243071


UMLS:C0887858


MONDO:0700092

The paper discusses the need for large-scale neurodevelopmental studies to understand the variations in developmental trajectories. It emphasizes the need for efficient, scalable assessment strategies that are also nuanced and developmentally sensitive. The paper suggests using standardized epidemiologic batteries like PhenX and the NIH Toolbox, but also acknowledges their limitations. The paper proposes an early childhood neurodevelopmental assessment strategy, developed by the Neurodevelopmental Workgroup of the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Planning Consortium. The strategy is guided by principles that emphasize characterization of both risk- and resilience-promoting processes.


UMLS:C0449527


UMLS:C1513880

Neurodevelopmental Workgroup of the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Planning Consortium

Early childhood neurodevelopmental assessment strategy


UMLS:C0886183

Early childhood neurodevelopmental assessment strategy

Risk- and resilience-promoting processes


UMLS:C1271907

The paper discusses the potential of telehealth innovations, necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, to increase family involvement in medication for opioid use disorders (MOUD) among youth. It presents a conceptual framework for engaging and retaining youth and families across four stages of MOUD services: Preparation, Initiation, Stabilization, Remission & Recovery. The paper also provides case vignettes to illustrate provider-delivered and direct-to-family tele-interventions for augmenting family involvement in each MOUD stage.


UMLS:C4042917

The study discusses the potential of non-establishment or "DIY" research in addressing health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the challenges faced by DIY research and suggests the development of a "trust architecture" to ensure the success of future DIY efforts.


NCIT:C171519


UMLS:C5542063

The study investigates the effects of transcutaneous cervical VNS (tcVNS) on autonomic responses to acute stress in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results show that tcVNS reduces the sympathetic response to stress, as evidenced by decreased heart rate, increased photoplethysmogram amplitude (indicating peripheral vasodilation), and increased pulse arrival time (indicating improved vascular function). These effects were observed when tcVNS was applied after exposure to traumatic stress or mental stress, and persisted over multiple days of testing. The findings suggest that tcVNS has beneficial effects on the neurophysiology of PTSD.


UMLS:C5542063


UMLS:C5392223

The study found that early life stress can impact the development of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a part of the brain involved in reward processing and motivation. This was observed in children aged four to nine years old. The study found that children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds and those with no adverse childhood experiences showed a positive relationship between age and VTA-mPFC connectivity. This suggests that early stress can lead to blunted maturation of VTA connectivity, potentially disrupting reward processing later in life.


UBERON:0002691


UMLS:C0237606


UMLS:C4298416


MONDO:0005090

The paper discusses the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the metabolic disturbances caused by antipsychotic drugs (APDs). Schizophrenia is associated with systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders, which contribute to the high mortality rate of the disease. APDs, while effective in managing psychosis and improving the quality of life for patients, are linked to significant metabolic disturbances such as weight gain and dysglycemia. The paper suggests that inflammation plays a key role in these intrinsic and medication-induced metabolic effects. The authors review the evidence of inflammation in schizophrenia and its interaction with APD treatment, and speculate on potential treatment strategies.


MONDO:0005090


UMLS:C0304389


NCIT:C3137


UMLS:C0022437

The JCOIN TCU hub study investigates the outcomes of a multi-level hybrid implementation approach to address the opioid crisis among justice-involved individuals. The study compares two implementation strategies: a vertical strategy where all community units are trained and begin the program simultaneously, and a horizontal strategy where one unit is trained as a prototype, which is then used to train other units. The study aims to increase access to and retention in community behavioral health and medications for opioid use disorder services, improve public health and safety outcomes, and examine the impact of these strategies on justice-involved individuals' outcomes. The study uses a hybrid type 3 study design and will be conducted in Texas, New Mexico, and Illinois.


UMLS:C0815140


UMLS:C0815140

used to increase retention in medications for


UMLS:C0681814


UMLS:C1513889

The paper discusses the establishment of a national resource to collect information and biospecimens related to neurological complications of COVID-19. This resource aims to provide a broad representation, harmonization, and rapid learning while ensuring robust protection of confidential information through the use of global unique identifiers to protect patient privacy.


UMLS:C1513889


UMLS:C0030705


UMLS:C0085098

The study examines the implementation of police-assisted referral programs for substance use disorder services in Massachusetts. The research, conducted between June 2019 and March 2020, involved interviews and focus groups with various stakeholders including police chiefs, officers, outreach workers, and community-based organization directors. Five key themes emerged: program development is an ongoing process; partnerships between police departments and community stakeholders are essential; high-level leadership influences program priorities and facilitates implementation; program success is defined in multiple ways; and programs contribute to shifts in beliefs about substance use and addiction among police officers. The programs have adopted various service delivery models and continue to evolve, incorporating new outreach mechanisms, harm reduction services, and long-term engagement activities.


UMLS:C0085098


UMLS:C0200768

The paper presents a new framework for image harmonization in medical imaging, specifically for large-scale multi-center imaging studies. The proposed method, called segmentation-renormalized image translation, aims to reduce inconsistencies in contrast, resolution, and noise across different imaging sites. The method replaces the affine transformations used in the normalization layers within generative networks with trainable scale and shift parameters. These parameters are conditioned on jointly learned anatomical segmentation embeddings to modulate features at every level of translation. The method was evaluated across several imaging modalities and demonstrated superior image harmonization, improved downstream utility, and improved robustness to translation perturbation and self-adversarial attacks.


UMLS:C0200768


UMLS:C0808232

The study aimed to estimate the impact of various mitigation strategies on COVID-19 transmission in a large urban US jail. The interventions included depopulation of the jail, increased proportion of people in single cells, and asymptomatic testing. The basic reproduction ratio (R0) was estimated for each phase of the outbreak. The interventions were found to have significantly reduced the R0 and prevented approximately 83% of projected cases, hospitalisations, and deaths over 83 days. The study suggests that depopulation, single celling, and asymptomatic testing can be effective strategies to mitigate COVID-19 transmission in jails.


PR:000009758

The study investigates the role of leptin signaling in the brain, specifically in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), in obesity-related sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). The research found that leptin receptor LepRb-deficient db/db mice exhibited obesity hypoventilation, and that restoring leptin signaling in the DMH increased ventilation during sleep. This was achieved by infecting the mice with Ad-LepRb virus, which resulted in LepRb expression in the DMH neurons. The study concludes that leptin stimulates breathing and treats obesity hypoventilation by acting on LepRb-positive neurons in the DMH.


MESH:D008820

Leptin receptor LepRb-deficient db/db mice


NCBIGene:3953


PR:000009758


UMLS:C5392223

The paper discusses the impact of early life stress (ELS) on brain development and behavioral phenotypes relevant to psychiatric disorders. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the effects of adversity before and after conception on brain development. The study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the brain at rest, which has shifted understanding of brain functioning and organization in the earliest periods of life. The paper also highlights the need for more inclusive research, including marginalized segments of society, and larger, properly powered studies.


UMLS:C0718778


UMLS:C0262872

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)


UMLS:C5392223


UMLS:C0035168


UBERON:0001954

The study investigates the development of hippocampal functional connectivity in infants during their first two years and its relation to their working memory performance at the age of four. The research used resting state fMRI during natural sleep to examine the development of hippocampal functional connectivity in a large cohort of infants at 3 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years of age. The results showed a significant maturation and increasing connectivity with key default mode network regions, resulting in adult-like topology of the hippocampal functional connectivity by the end of the first year. This pattern was further consolidated by 2 years of age. The study found that measures of hippocampal connectivity in the first year predicted subsequent behavioral measures of working memory at 4 years of age.


UMLS:C3896579


UMLS:C0021270


UBERON:0001954


UMLS:C3650305

Summary not provided or could not be parsed.


UMLS:C1705346


MESH:D000086402


UMLS:C0001956

The study investigates the association between Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) symptom severity and the recruitment of neural regions involved in retaliation in adolescents. The study found that AUD Identification Test scores were positively associated with irritability and reactive aggression scores, while CUD Identification Test scores were positively associated with callous-unemotional traits and both proactive and reactive aggression scores. However, only AUD Identification Test scores were associated with an exaggerated recruitment of regions implicated in retaliation. These findings suggest that the severity of AUD is associated with a disinhibited, exaggerated retaliation response that relates to an increased risk for reactive aggression.


UMLS:C0001956


MONDO:0007368


UMLS:C0001956

associated with exaggerated recruitment of


UMLS:C4298416

The paper proposes the ICARE model, which explains the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as dynamic and interrelated biobehavioral adaptations to early life stress. These adaptations can alter cognitive, social, and emotional development and have negative consequences in adulthood. They can also be transmitted to future generations through epigenetic changes, behavioral, and environmental pathways. The model also highlights the role of protective relationships and resources in mitigating the effects of ACEs. The paper provides examples of interventions that target these adaptations and the resulting problem behaviors and health conditions.


UMLS:C0392673

Cognitive, social, and emotional development


UMLS:C0814287

Protective relationships and contextual resources


UMLS:C0808232

Biobehavioral adaptations, problem behaviors and health conditions


UMLS:C0033011

The paper reviews the recruitment and retention (RR) of pregnant women in birth cohort studies. A total of 574 articles were analyzed, with 38 meeting the criteria. The majority of the data focused on recruitment practices (79%) rather than retention strategies (21%). Trusting relationships and diverse recruitment methods were identified as major facilitators, while participant refusal and cultural factors were major barriers. For retention, flexibility with scheduling, frequent communication, and culturally sensitive practices were facilitators, while participant factors such as loss of interest, pregnancy loss, relocation, multiple caregiver shifts, and substance use/psychiatric problems were barriers. The findings can help improve the validity of future birth/pre-birth cohorts.


UMLS:C0033011


UMLS:C5691271


UMLS:C0035280


UMLS:C0001956

The study investigates the impact of adolescent alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) on decision-making and neural reward prediction error (RPE) representation. The study found that AUD symptomatology was negatively associated with optimal decision-making and BOLD response modulation by RPE within the striatum and regions of the prefrontal cortex. This was particularly pronounced when participants were exploring novel stimuli. CUD symptomatology moderated the relationship between novelty propensity and RPE representation within the inferior parietal lobule and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.


UMLS:C5419030


MESH:C000611464

The study investigates the pharmacokinetics and safety of 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG), an oxidative metabolite of mitragynine found in kratom leaves, in beagle dogs. The study found that absorption of 7-HMG was rapid, with peak plasma concentration observed within 15 minutes post-dose. However, elimination of 7-HMG was slow, with a mean elimination half-life of 3.6 hours. The oral dosing of 1 mg/kg 7-HMG was well tolerated with no observed adverse events or significant changes to clinical laboratory tests.


MESH:C000611464


UMLS:C0994203

Oral dose of 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG)


UMLS:C0478677

The study found a positive association between jail incarceration rates and mortality at the county level in New York State. The life expectancy in areas with the highest quintile of incarceration was 5.5 years lower than in areas with the lowest quintile. The association between incarceration and life expectancy was moderated by the level of poverty and racial makeup of the census tract. The study suggests that decarceration, including alternatives to incarceration and release of those currently incarcerated, may help to improve life expectancy at the neighborhood level.


UMLS:C0478677


UMLS:C0032854


UMLS:C0080141


UMLS:C0152232


UMLS:C0586039

The paper discusses the impact of childhood socio-economic status (SES) on the pace of brain development. It suggests that higher SES is linked to slower brain development, leading to more efficient cortical networks in adulthood. The paper hypothesizes that exposure to chronic stress accelerates brain maturation, while access to positive experiences slows it down. The pace of brain development is also discussed in relation to plasticity and learning.


UMLS:C0424933


UMLS:C2074687


UMLS:C0558226


UMLS:C3272759

Variation in the pace of brain development


UMLS:C0037369

The study investigates the impact of maternal smoking on offspring smoking, considering hereditary personality traits and initial subjective smoking experiences. The research found that maternal smoking is a risk factor for offspring smoking, but this is not related to heritable personality traits or initial subjective smoking experiences. Impulsiveness was associated with intermediate adolescent smoking frequency and nicotine dependence. Unpleasurable first experience and dizziness showed a trend with intermediate smoking frequency but were not significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. The study concludes that further research is needed to understand the mechanism by which prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) and maternal smoking are linked to offspring smoking.


HP:0100710


UMLS:C1535930


UMLS:C0879626

The paper discusses the influence of Edward Zigler's work on child development, particularly his role in founding Head Start and Early Head Start. The authors discuss two models that support the development of the whole child, considering both adverse and protective experiences. They present research on how these experiences affect a child's social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development. The paper also discusses interventions that strengthen nurturing relationships as a mechanism of change and advocates for a public health perspective on promoting optimal development through nurturing relationships and access to resources during early childhood. The authors argue that our current society is not child-focused and call for a radical change to make promoting optimal development for all children a cornerstone of our society.


UMLS:C0008059


UMLS:C1959567


UMLS:C0599196


UMLS:C0683007

The study focuses on understanding the barriers and facilitators to engaging substance-using pregnant individuals, particularly those using opioids, in longitudinal research. The research involved an advisory group of community stakeholders and an online survey with content experts. The study identified stigma, loss of confidentiality, legal consequences, and instability (such as homelessness and poverty) as significant barriers to research participation. The study also highlighted the importance of building trust, providing incentives, and designing participant-friendly studies to retain participants. The findings suggest that a socioecological framework can be used to address these factors and increase the recruitment and retention of high-risk populations in research.


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C0683007


UMLS:C0035173


UMLS:C5574920

The study investigates racial disparities in healthcare use among individuals with a history of substance use disorders (SUD) who were released from prison. The study found that Black individuals were significantly less likely than White individuals to use non-emergency outpatient services after release from incarceration. Black individuals were also less likely to receive medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) post-release compared to White individuals. However, Black individuals were more likely to have an emergency department (ED) visit compared to White individuals. The study suggests that improving equitable access to outpatient services is needed to reduce health disparities across racial groups.


UMLS:C5574920


UMLS:C0679775

The study investigates the impact of COVID-19 on the service delivery of the Families Actively Improving Relationships (FAIR) program, a treatment for opioid and methamphetamine disorders in parents involved in the child welfare system. The study found that while the average monthly reimbursement per clinician did not significantly decline, reimbursement per client significantly declined by 31%. Clinicians delivered services on significantly more days per month during COVID-19. The study attributes reductions in reimbursement per client when FAIR provided services remotely to the elimination of in-person billable services and reductions in session length, but not in frequency.


UMLS:C0679775


UMLS:C0871685


UMLS:C0008942


UMLS:C5540804

The study collected first-person accounts from 1,592 confirmed COVID-19 patients aged 18 to 98, using the Novel Coronavirus Illness Patient Report (NCIPR) dataset. The survey addressed a wide range of topics including symptoms, medical complications, treatments, lasting effects, emotional responses, employment impacts, quarantine behaviors, vaccine-related behaviors, and the impact on other family members. Additional questions addressed financial security, perceived discrimination, pandemic impacts (relationship, social, stress, sleep), health history, and coping strategies. The data provides a comprehensive understanding of the pandemic-related public health from the perspective of those that contracted the disease.


UMLS:C5540804


UMLS:C3881756

The study presents a new method for processing fetal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. The researchers used a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained on a library of 1,241 manually traced fetal fMRI images from 207 fetuses to isolate the fetal brain from surrounding tissue in the images. The model performed well on two separate test sets from different scanners and populations. The researchers also integrated the auto-masking model with additional fMRI preprocessing steps from existing software. The study represents a step towards a comprehensive, open-source workflow for fetal functional MRI data preprocessing.


UMLS:C2826124


UMLS:C3882025

The study presents the first pediatric MRI data collected on a low-cost, accessible 64mT scanner for children aged 6 weeks to 16 years. The data replicates brain volume estimates and developmental trajectories derived from 3T MRI data. The use of low field strength MRI scanners could potentially lower scanning costs and allow for more widespread global adoption, particularly in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs) where knowledge of brain development is limited due to high costs and infrastructural requirements of modern MRI systems.


UMLS:C0181702


UMLS:C1548885

Brain volumes and developmental trajectories


UMLS:C3898570


UBERON:0000955

The study investigates the development of functional connectivity in the brain during the first six years of life using resting-state fMRI. The findings suggest that these changes are nonlinear, with more changes occurring in the first year after birth than the second, and the most significant changes happening between ages 2-4 and 4-6. The overall global difference between the first and second year was found to be driven by girls. The most substantial changes were observed in the limbic and subcortical areas, while the primary sensory areas remained the most stable. These patterns were consistent in both full-term and preterm subgroups.


UMLS:C0870221

driven changes between first and second year


UBERON:0016542


UMLS:C3496281


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:137657039


UMLS:C0686741


UMLS:C0746432

The study found that maternal prenatal stress is associated with changes in fetal brain functional connectivity. This association was stronger in women with healthier behaviors, more positive interpersonal support, and lower overall stress. The study also found that the magnitude of stress-related differences in neural connectivity was marginally correlated with younger gestational age at delivery. This is the first evidence that negative affect/stress during pregnancy is reflected in functional network differences in the human brain in utero.


UMLS:C0746432


UMLS:C1321108


UMLS:C0037438


UMLS:C0032961


UMLS:C0021270

The study investigates the factors associated with parent views about participation in infant MRI research for the Healthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) study. The study found that knowledge of MRI safety was low, but research literacy was high among the participants. The likelihood of participation varied with different incentives. Participants with lower education were less likely to rate any items as increasing the likelihood of participation. Substance use during pregnancy improved the model fit only for items about alternate visit structures and confidentiality. The study suggests that educating potential participants about MRI safety and providing flexible incentives for participation will improve the success of infant MRI studies.


UMLS:C0679646


UMLS:C2585381

Alternate visit structures and confidentiality


UMLS:C2347650


UMLS:C0682165

Children with prenatal polysubstance exposure

The study investigates the impact of maternal verbal scaffolding on cognitive and language development in children with prenatal polysubstance exposure. The study found that children exposed to polysubstances prenatally had lower cognitive and language scores compared to controls, but this was not statistically significant after controlling for maternal education. However, maternal scaffolding was found to be predictive of language scores, with scores increasing by 1.24 points on average for every 1-point increase in scaffolding score.


UMLS:C0042531


UMLS:C0029944

The paper is a cross-sectional study that examines the changes in drug overdose mortality rates among Kentucky residents between 2019 and 2020.


UMLS:C0022557


UMLS:C0430799

The paper discusses the potential of using electrophysiological measures (EEG and ERP) in large cohort studies of neurodevelopment, specifically in the HEALthy Brain and Cognitive Development (HBCD) study. The authors highlight the advantages of EEG/ERP, such as feasibility, and the challenges, such as ensuring good signal quality in diverse children with different hair types. They also provide preliminary usability data from an ongoing multi-site EEG data harmonization project involving over 300 infants and toddlers. The paper concludes with recommendations for the HBCD study and other studies of neurodevelopment.


UMLS:C0430799


UMLS:C5202307


UMLS:C3896579

The study evaluates the sensitivity of eight different functional connectivity measures to motion artifact in resting-state fMRI data. The findings suggest that functional connectivity estimated using full correlation has a high residual distance-dependent relationship with motion compared to other methods. However, it also has higher test-retest reliability, fingerprinting accuracy, and system identifiability. Functional connectivity estimated by partial correlation has low sensitivity to motion artifact and intermediate system identifiability, but low test-retest reliability and fingerprinting accuracy. The study also highlights spatial differences in the sub-networks affected by motion with different functional connectivity metrics.


UMLS:C0870245


UMLS:C2348012


UMLS:C3896579


UMLS:C4040208

The study investigated whether speech changes can be detected in subjects with post-traumatic headache (PTH) due to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Speech samples were collected from PTH subjects and healthy controls over a period of 12 weeks. The study found that PTH subjects had longer pause rates and reductions in vowel and consonant articulation precision compared to healthy controls, regardless of the presence or absence of a headache. During a headache, PTH subjects had slower speaking rates and more precise vowel articulation compared to when they were headache-free. The study suggests that speech alterations were related to PTH and not solely due to the underlying mTBI.


UMLS:C0849895


UMLS:C0012632

The study investigates the impact of social determinants of health, such as perceived discrimination and economic stress, on the severity and lasting symptoms of COVID-19. Data from 1,584 recovered COVID-19 patients revealed that 70.6% reported one or more lasting symptoms after recovery, with neural systems being significantly impacted. The study found that experiences of discrimination and perceived socioeconomic status (SES) were associated with increased illness severity and lasting symptoms. The study suggests that addressing these social determinants could improve health outcomes for COVID-19 patients.


UMLS:C0012632


UMLS:C0086996


UMLS:C4535963

The paper discusses the importance of understanding the resources required for the implementation and sustainability of evidence-based practices (EBPs) from a multi-stakeholder perspective. It emphasizes the need for cost and economic measurement and reporting in implementation science. The paper provides examples of key cost components important to different stakeholders and offers guidance for cost assessment activities. It also highlights the need for involving stakeholders throughout the implementation process and presenting economic information in a way that is clear and meaningful to different stakeholder groups. The paper concludes by identifying directions for future research and application.


UMLS:C4505096


UMLS:C0262872

The study tested the reliability of FreeSurfer derived cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and cortical volume, as well as quantitative R1 relaxometry on a group of pediatric subjects. The subjects were scanned using SNARE-MPnRAGE imaging without sedation. The reliability was assessed using coefficients of variation (CoVs) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The study found that when SNARE motion correction was used, all parameters showed statistically significant improvements and demonstrated high reliability. The reliability varied depending on the parameter, region, and measurement type. The study concluded that motion correction effectively removed motion-related biases in nearly all regions for R1 and morphometric measures.


UMLS:C2955776


UMLS:C4264258


UMLS:C0521643

Altered neural and physiological development

The study investigates the impact of maternal prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) on the development of the fetal brain, specifically the hippocampal functional connectivity. The study found that PCE is associated with alterations in fetal dorsolateral, medial and superior frontal, insula, anterior temporal, and posterior cingulate connectivity. The alterations suggest that the PCE group is more likely to have increased connectivity to regions associated with less favorable outcomes and decreased connectivity to regions associated with more favorable outcomes. This suggests that cannabis exposure in utero may contribute to neurobehavioral vulnerability in children.


UMLS:C0871124

Maternal prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE)

Human brain hippocampal functional connectivity


UMLS:C0280556

Fetal dorsolateral, medial and superior frontal, insula, anterior temporal, and posterior cingulate connectivity


UMLS:C0280556


UMLS:C4064610

The paper discusses the challenges and potential of using fetal MRI in large-scale, multi-site studies, specifically in the development of a common Healthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) protocol. While the value of prenatal data obtained through MRI is recognized, there are practicality concerns. Despite rapid progress in fetal and placental MRI methodology, there is uncertainty about whether the benefits outweigh the challenges of implementing fetal MRI protocols at scale. The paper proposes a framework for evaluating design decisions and discusses design considerations for both normative and high-risk populations in the post-COVID era. The paper concludes by emphasizing the benefits of overcoming these challenges.


UMLS:C4064610

Healthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) protocol


UMLS:C0203042


UMLS:C4064610


UMLS:C0242402

The Healthy Brain and Child Development Study aims to understand the impact of prenatal opioid exposure on child development. The study involved a planning phase with stakeholder meetings at four universities to gather input and establish relationships. Stakeholders showed high interest in research for pregnant individuals with substance use disorders and agreed on research priorities. They also highlighted the mistrust between people with substance use disorder and the medical system, suggesting that this could be addressed by including people with lived experience on the research team and practicing trauma-informed care.


UMLS:C0242402


UMLS:C0681455


UMLS:C0871489


UMLS:C0086996

The study investigates the association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and the gut microbiome composition in infants and children. It was found that SES significantly predicted the abundance of certain bacterial genera (Anaerostipes, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Lachnospiraceae spp.) in the gut microbiome. However, SES did not predict alpha diversity but did predict beta diversity. The study concludes that modifiable environmental factors, such as SES, can influence the gut microbiome composition at an early age.


UMLS:C0086996


UMLS:C5392141

The study investigates the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on child development by examining the trajectories of maternal perinatal depression. The data was collected from 393 women, most of whom were white and in their early thirties. The study found that rates of depression were higher compared to pre-pandemic times. It also identified subgroups with different depressive symptom trajectories during the perinatal period. The study found that these subgroups were related to differences in maternal social support, but not to child birth outcomes.


UMLS:C4284586


UMLS:C0037438


UMLS:C1286282


UMLS:C0027361

The study found that cannabis use is common among individuals prescribed opioids for pain, with about 10% of this population using cannabis. The study also found that individuals who reported moderate to high-risk cannabis use were more likely to also report depressive symptoms, a history of overdose, and moderate to high-risk use of alcohol, opioids, sedatives, stimulants, and tobacco. The study suggests that community pharmacies could be useful in identifying and intervening with substance use problems.


UMLS:C0009478


UMLS:C0011900

The study aimed to identify patient risk factors leading to adverse opioid-related events (AOEs) using large-scale data mining methods. The factors associated with the highest relative risk for AOEs were opioid withdrawal therapy agents, toxic encephalopathy, problems related to housing and economic circumstances, and unspecified viral hepatitis. Patients with a socioeconomic or mental health code had a larger relative risk for over 75% of all identified trajectories compared to the average population. The study found novel combinations of diagnoses and health service events that significantly increase the risk of AOEs, including natural histories marked by socioeconomic and mental health diagnoses.


UMLS:C3865339


UMLS:C3658315


UMLS:C1708505

The study investigates the development of the social brain in infants and toddlers, focusing on myelination as a marker of brain maturation. It was found that there is a significant increase in myelination in the social brain regions during the first three years of life, which is closely associated with social-emotional development scores. This research contributes to the understanding of the neural basis of human social behavior and could help identify early life factors that influence social development.


GO:0042552


UMLS:C4761490


UMLS:C0008059

The study investigates the neural basis for processing the meaning of spoken number words and its developmental trajectory in children and adults. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the study found that adults showed greater neural activation for incongruent relative to congruent trials in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left intraparietal sulcus (LIPS). Children, however, did not show a significant neural congruity effect. Age-related increases in the neural congruity effect were observed in children, specifically in the LIPS. The correlation between neural congruity in LIPS and age was stronger in children who were already attending school, suggesting that developmental changes in LIPS function are experience-dependent.


UMLS:C0521995


UMLS:C0376335


UMLS:C2733260


UMLS:C4702593

The paper discusses the potential of the HEALthy Brain and Cognitive Development (HBCD) Study in understanding brain and cognitive development in children. It emphasizes the need for careful interpretation of the data, particularly in relation to children from marginalized communities, to avoid misuse and perpetuation of systemic injustice. The authors propose a framework for interpreting the data, considering factors such as sampling, cultural context, measurement, and developmental science theory.


UMLS:C4702593


UMLS:C4702593

cautions against misuse of data for narratives


UMLS:C0035173

Innovative methods for remote assessment

The paper discusses the development of innovative methods for remote assessment of neurobehavioral development in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These methods were developed to prevent the loss of important developmentally-timed data during the pandemic. The focus of these methods is on examining the perinatal environment, behavioral and biological indicators of child neurobehavioral development, parent-child interaction, and parent and child mental and physical health. The paper also includes recommendations for adapting in-laboratory assessments for remote data collection and describes the successful dissemination of these methods to eight research sites across the United States.


UMLS:C0812181

Innovative methods for remote assessment

Perinatal environment, behavioral and biological indicators of child neurobehavioral development, parent-child interaction, parent and child mental and physical health


UMLS:C0812181


UMLS:C1535930

The study investigates the impact of prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) on birth weight, considering different methods of characterizing exposure. The research involved 2323 mother-infant pairs from 7 independent cohorts. The study found that when PTE was categorized dichotomously (exposed vs not exposed), exposure was associated with a 125-g decrease in birth weight. However, when PTE was categorized based on maternal smoking patterns, exposure was associated with no difference in birth weight if mothers quit smoking by the end of the first trimester, or a 221.8 g decrease in birth weight if mothers did not. The study also found qualitative sex differences, with male infants showing a larger increase in birth weight if the mother quit smoking during pregnancy compared to female infants.


UMLS:C0037369


UMLS:C0085134


UMLS:C5419030

The study investigates the relationship between severity of alcohol and cannabis use disorder (AUD and CUD respectively) and the ability to recognize emotional expressions in adolescents. The study found that severity of CUD and conduct disorder (CD) diagnostic status are independently associated with reduced ability to recognize emotional expressions, particularly sad and fearful ones. However, AUD severity was not significantly associated with this ability. The study suggests that increased cannabis use during adolescence may exacerbate a neuro-cognitive risk factor for the emergence of aggression and antisocial behavior.


MONDO:0005352


UMLS:C0939898

may exacerbate a neuro-cognitive risk factor for the emergence of


UMLS:C3836414

Individuals with post-traumatic headache

The study investigates the association of iron accumulation in the brain with acute post-traumatic headaches. Using magnetic resonance imaging, the study found that individuals with post-traumatic headaches had lower T2* values, indicating higher iron accumulation, in multiple brain regions compared to healthy controls. The study also found a negative association between T2* values and the number of mild traumatic brain injuries and headache frequency in individuals with post-traumatic headaches, suggesting that iron accumulation may be a part of the pathophysiology of mild traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic headache.


UMLS:C2700066


UMLS:C2349421


UMLS:C2936492

The study aimed to assess the social support needs of perinatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that the most effective methods for obtaining social support during the pandemic were virtual means and interaction with friends. There was a significant decrease in self-reported levels of social support during the pandemic, which was associated with higher distress levels, higher levels of depressive symptoms, and poorer mental health. The study suggests that interventions using virtual support means from friends may be helpful to improve social support and mental health in this population.


UMLS:C0037421


UMLS:C0242780


UMLS:C1697767


UMLS:C0440731

The paper discusses the use of J-difference-edited spectroscopy, a type of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), in neonatal brain studies. Despite challenges such as suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio, long acquisition times, and vulnerability to motion artifacts, the technique offers potential in pediatric imaging research. It allows for the study of rapid maturational changes of neurotransmitter systems and other metabolic systems in early postnatal life, which are crucial for understanding the fast and extensive structural and functional changes that occur in the first years of life. The paper also discusses the current state of editing methods and editable metabolites, reviews literature applying edited MRS to the neonatal brain, and highlights existing challenges and future opportunities, including the lack of age-specific reference data.


UMLS:C0440731


UMLS:C5556472


UMLS:C0678807

The study investigates the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on brain connectivity in children, specifically focusing on corticothalamic connectivity. The research involved children aged 8-13 years, both typically developing controls (TDC) and those with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The study found that children with FASD had reduced alpha oscillations and fractional anisotropy in certain regions of the corticothalamic tracts, suggesting that the integrity of these tracts influences cortical alpha power. Further research is needed to understand how brain structure and function influence behavior.


MONDO:0000408


MONDO:0000408

Reduced fractional anisotropy in corticothalamic tracts


GO:0021968


UMLS:C0678908


UMLS:C0242406

The study investigates the role of neural networks in predicting relapse in individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) during early abstinence. The researchers found that lower resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within addiction networks during early abstinence was significantly associated with subsequent relapse. Specifically, lower incentive salience RSFC increased the odds of relapsing. Neither RSFC in a control network nor clinical self-report measures predicted relapse. This suggests the need for interventions that enhance RSFC in AUD individuals at risk of relapsing faster.


UMLS:C4288291

Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC)


UMLS:C2958606


UMLS:C0746432

The paper discusses the impact of maternal psychological stress during pregnancy on the brain development of the offspring. It suggests that heightened stress during pregnancy can increase the risk of behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders in the offspring. The research uses magnetic resonance imaging to study the infant brain after birth and its relation to maternal stress during pregnancy. The paper also discusses the role of maternal inflammation during pregnancy as a mechanism through which stress affects fetal brain development. It suggests that psychotherapeutic interventions can be effective in reducing stress and inflammation during pregnancy, thereby potentially preventing negative effects on fetal brain development.


UMLS:C0746432


UMLS:C3694310


UMLS:C0039792


UMLS:C0221786

The study provides estimates of five self-reported COVID-19 protective behaviors in the US, including mask wearing, physical distancing, crowd avoidance, increased hand-washing, and prior COVID-19 testing. The majority of Americans engaged in these behaviors, with women and those over 60 more likely to report protective behaviors. However, low-income Americans, those with histories of criminal justice involvement, and self-identified Republicans were less likely to engage in these behaviors. The study suggests that public health messaging and interventions should focus on these groups to prevent future infections.


UMLS:C0524338


UMLS:C5690842

Low-income Americans, those with histories of criminal justice involvement, and self-identified Republicans


UMLS:C0679749

Public health messaging and interventions

Low-income Americans, those with histories of criminal justice involvement, and self-identified Republicans


UMLS:C0597696

The study examined partner seeking and sexual behaviors among a sample of US adults during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that about 10% of respondents sought a new partner, with age and sexual identity being associated with this behavior. About 7% of respondents had sex with a new partner, a decrease compared to a prepandemic estimate from 2015 to 2016. Public health guidelines for in-person sexual activity were infrequently followed among respondents who had in-person sex with a new partner during the first year of the pandemic.


UMLS:C0597696


UMLS:C0008971

The study evaluates the protocols for initiating buprenorphine (BUP) treatment for opioid use disorder in emergency departments (EDs) across 22 states. The study found that most EDs rely on clinician judgment to determine the appropriateness of BUP treatment, with a minority requiring decision support tools or diagnosis checklists. Before BUP initiation, most protocols required a documented Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) score. The initial BUP dose varied, and for continued withdrawal symptoms, most protocols recommended an interval of 30-60 minutes between the first and second BUP dose. Most protocols recommended a BUP prescription at discharge, and naloxone prescription and/or provision was suggested in a majority of protocols.


UMLS:C0008971


PUBCHEM.COMPOUND:644073


UMLS:C0008059

The study investigates the factors that influence the daily variability in children's persistence, using toothbrushing as a daily task. The study found that children brushed their teeth longer on days when their parents praised them more and gave fewer instructions. The study also found that factors such as mood, sleep, and parent stress affected children's persistence differently, suggesting the need for personalized interventions.


UMLS:C0030551


UMLS:C4071505

Phenotype, Biological Process, Phenotype


UMLS:C0546816