cochlear nerve

A nerve in the head that carries signals from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain. It is part of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the 8th cranial nerve which is found in higher vertebrates; the other portion of the 8th cranial nerve is the vestibular nerve which carries spatial orientation information from the semicircular canals. The cochlear nerve is a sensory nerve, one which conducts to the brain information about the environment, in this case acoustic energy impinging on the tympanic membrane. The cochlear nerve arises from within the cochlea and extends to the brainstem, where its fibers make contact with the cochlear nucleus, the next stage of neural processing in the auditory system[WP].


xylosyltransferase activity

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Catalysis of the transfer of a xylosyl group to an acceptor molecule, typically another carbohydrate or a lipid.


principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve development

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The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an acetylcholine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


regulation of kinase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.


post-embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis

The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.


Farnesylcysteine methyl ester

An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of S-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-L-cysteine.


bioactive lipid receptor activity

Combining with a bioactive lipid and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. A bioactive lipid is a lipid for which changes in lipid levels result in functional consequences in a variety of cellular processes.


GET complex

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An endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex that is conserved in eukaryotics and that mediates the insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the ER membrane. In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.


protein folding chaperone complex

A protein complex required for the non-covalent folding or unfolding, maturation, stabilization or assembly or disassembly of macromolecular structures. Usually active during or immediately after completion of translation. Many chaperone complexes contain heat shock proteins.


mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activity

Antagonizes the ribosome-mediated translation of mRNA into a polypeptide via direct binding (through a selective and non-covalent interaction) to nucleic acid.


protein-RNA complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a protein-RNA complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


regulation of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ribosomal subunit export from nucleus.


regulation of bone resorption

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption).


anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear.


scavenger receptor activity

Combining with any modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or other polyanionic ligand and delivering the ligand into the cell via endocytosis. Ligands include acetylated and oxidized LDL, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, apoptotic cells, amyloid-beta fibrils, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).


oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle clearance

The process in which an oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.


regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


intestinal stem cell homeostasis

Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of intestinal stem cells within a population of cells.


regulation of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol.


vacuole-ER tethering

The attachment of a lytic vacuole to the endoplasmic reticulum, which may facilitate exchange of metabolites between the organelles.


serine 3-dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + NADP+ = L-alpha-formylglycine + 2 H+ + NADPH.


acetoin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, often as part of a fermentation pathway or for use as a carbon source.


D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-arabinose + NAD(P)+ = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NAD(P)H + H+.


D-xylose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.


arabinose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinose, arabino-pentose.


F-actin capping protein complex

A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments.


ornithine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.


mucous neck cell of gastric gland

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A neck cell that secretes mucus within the stomach. Its products are distinct histochemically from those of the surface mucous cells of stomach.


A tetrasaccharide consisting of alternating D-glucuronic acid and D-xylosyl residues joined in sequence by (1->3)-linkages. A repeating unit in glycoprotein DAG1


FGF23_MOUSE Fibroblast growth factor 23 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor 23 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


presynaptic endocytic zone

A specialized region of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoplasm which surround the the active zone, into which synaptic vesicle membranes are recycled following exocytosis. It is especially enriched in endocytic proteins following intense activity.


presynaptic cytoskeleton

The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse.


trans-synaptic signaling via exosome

Transynaptic signaling in which the ligand is carried across the synapse by an exosome.


synaptic vesicle endosomal processing

The process in which synaptic vesicles fuse to the presynaptic endosome followed by sorting of synaptic vesicle components and budding of new synaptic vesicles.


anterograde axonal protein transport

The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.


regulation of translation at presynapse, modulating synaptic transmission

Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the presynapse.


regulation of synaptic vesicle docking

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle docking.


neurotransmitter catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.


structural constituent of presynaptic actin cytoskeleton

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a presynaptic actin cytoskeleton.


trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide

Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft.


presynaptic endocytosis

A vesicle-mediated transport process in which the presynapse take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.


CTBP2_BOVIN C-terminal-binding protein 2 (sprot)


protein O-linked mannosylation

The transfer of mannose from dolichyl activated mannose to the hydroxyl group of a seryl or threonyl residue of a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.


cell tip

The region at the end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.


photoreceptor cell terminal bouton

A specialized region of the axon terminus portion of a photoreceptor cell axon. A photoreceptor cell is a neuron specialized to detect and transduce light.


IL33_MOUSE Interleukin-33 (sprot)

An interleukin-33 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


ANPRB_HUMAN Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (sprot)

An atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ANFC_HUMAN C-type natriuretic peptide (sprot)

A C-type natriuretic peptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


embryonic cell (metazoa)

A cell of the embryo.


Potassium Chloride

A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.


Benzo[b]fluoranthene

An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring.


Pelargonidin

An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted by a hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'.


Indoles

Any compound containing an indole skeleton.


Dexferrum

Please consider adding concept for iron dextran. CAS# 9004-66-4. Thank you.


A member of the class of pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine bearing additional tert-butyl and 4-chlorophenyl substituents at positions 1 and 3 respectively. It is a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases.


flavones

A member of the class of flavonoid with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-arylchromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives.


A member of the class of phenanthrenes that is phenanthrene substituted by a methyl group at position 1.


Sodium molybdate

An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.


eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex

The protein-ribosome-tRNA complex that has just recognized the start codon of a capped mRNA. It is composed of the small ribosomal subunit, eukaryote initiation factors (eIF) eIF3 complex, eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2-GDP, eIF4 complex and initiatior-methionine-tRNA. Recognition of the start codon triggers downstream steps in the pathway, including eIF1 dissociation; Pi release from eIF2; and conversion to the closed, scanning-arrested conformation of the PIC.


multi-eIF complex

A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preinitiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5.


methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA binding

Binding to methionine-initator methionine tRNA.


histone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a histone protein by individual cells.


CCR4-NOT core complex

The core of the CCR4-NOT complex. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT core complex comprises Ccr4p, Caf1p, Caf40p, Caf130p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p.


central nervous system morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.


protein linear deubiquitination

A protein deubiquitination process in which a linear polymer of ubiquitin, formed by the amino-terminal methionine (M1) of one ubiquitin molecule and by the carboxy-terminal glycine (G76) of the next, is removed from a protein.


regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.


regulation of mRNA modification

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.


calcium phosphate

A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.


ABCF1_HUMAN ATP-binding cassette sub-family F member 1 (sprot)

An ATP-binding cassette sub-family F member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DEMA_HUMAN Dematin (sprot)

A dematin that is encoded in the genome of human.


A zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PIP_HUMAN Prolactin-inducible protein (sprot)

A prolactin-inducible protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


Gentian Violet

An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.


Homidium bromide

The organic bromide salt of ethidium.


Methyl methanesulfonate

A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with methanol.


cardiac myofibril

A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


skeletal muscle myofibril

A myofibril of a skeletal muscle fiber.


diaphragm development

The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs.


filtration diaphragm assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a filtration diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.


pentitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


pentose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


cellular response to azide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an azide stimulus.


posterior lateral line nerve

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Cranial nerve which enters the brain between cranial nerves VIII and IX; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the posterior lateral line ganglion and middle ganglion. Fibers from the posterior lateral line ganglion innervate the occipital dorsal lateral line and trunk lateral lines.


interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform 2 (human)

An interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CHRAC

An ISWI complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family (SNF2H in mammals, Isw2 in S. cerevisiae), an ACF1 homolog, and additional small histone fold subunits (generally two of these, but Xenopus has only one and some additional non-conserved subunits). CHRAC plays roles in the regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription and in DNA replication and repair.


DNA polymerase processivity factor activity

An enzyme regulator activity that increases the processivity of polymerization by DNA polymerase, by allowing the polymerase to move rapidly along DNA while remaining topologically bound to it.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle.


HIKES_HUMAN Protein Hikeshi (sprot)

A protein Hikeshi that is encoded in the genome of human.


HSBP1_HUMAN Heat shock factor-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A heat shock factor-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRYAB_HUMAN Alpha-crystallin B chain (sprot)

An alpha-crystallin B chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


HSPB8_HUMAN Heat shock protein beta-8 (sprot)

A heat shock protein beta-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + H2O = GlcMan(9)GlcNAc(2)-[protein] + beta-D-glucopyranose.


glucosidase II complex

A heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the trimming of glucose residues from N-linked core glycans on newly synthesized glycoproteins.


box C/D RNP complex

A ribonucleoprotein complex containing a box C/D type RNA that can carry out ribose-2'-O-methylation of target RNAs. Box C/D type RNAs are widespread in eukaryotes and in Archaea, suggesting that an RNA-based guide mechanism for directing specific RNA 2'-O-ribose methylations was present in the common ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya.


mitochondrial ribosome

A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes.


copper chaperone activity

Directly binding to and delivering copper ions to a target protein.


regulation of cellular response to hypoxia

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to hypoxia.


CAT tailing

The C-terminal elongation of 60S-anchored stalled nascent polypeptide chains with untemplated alanine and threonine tails (CAT tails). CAT tails participate in the recognition of stalled nascent chains by the ribosome quality control sytem.


mitochondrial tRNA processing

The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group, in the mitochondrion.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group of N(1)-methyladenosine 5'-monophosphate residue.


peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.


nuclear pore complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex.


acetylcholine receptor regulator activity

Interacting (directly or indirectly) with acetylcholine receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed.


regulation of synaptic activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell.


regulation of myotube differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.


detection of cold stimulus involved in thermoception

The series of events in which a cold stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of thermoception.


nuclear pore nuclear basket

A filamentous, cage-like assembly on the nuclear face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). In S. cerevisiae, Mlp1p and Mlp2p are two major components of the NPC nuclear basket. In vertebrates, Tpr is a major component.


maintenance of RNA location

Any process in which RNA is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.


regulation of cholangiocyte apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholangiocyte apoptotic process.


chromaffin granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.


guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of guanine nucleotides (GMP, GDP, and GTP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


ADP transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, from one side of a membrane to the other.


guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport

The process in which a guanyl nucleotide is transported across a membrane.


DNA-binding protein Ikaros isoform Ik1 (human)

A DNA-binding protein Ikaros isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ceramide binding

Binding to a ceramide, a class of lipids composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid. Ceramides are a major component of cell membranes.


regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


hair-down neuron

The subcutaneous mechanoreceptors that innervate vellus hairs.


sensory neuron of dorsal root ganglion

A sensory neuron of the dorsal root ganglia that senses body position and sends information about how much the muscle is stretched to the spinal cord.


dorsal cochlear nucleus

The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN, also known as the 'tuberculum acousticum'), is a cortex-like structure on the dorso-lateral surface of the brainstem. Along with the ventral cochlear nucleus, it forms the cochlear nucleus, where all auditory nerve fibers from the cochlea form their first synapses. [WP,unvetted].


hippocampal CA1-3 neuron

A neuron that has its soma located in CA1-3 of the hippocampus.


hippocampal pyramidal neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hippocampal pyramidal neuron, a pyramidal cell of the hippocampus.


regulation of action potential firing threshold

Any process that regulates the potential at which an axon potential is triggered.


apoptosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the apoptosome, a multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to changes in intracellular ion homeostasis, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


cation

A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.


divalent metal cation

A metal cation with a valence of two.


ATP4A_HUMAN Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 (sprot)

A potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of protein glycosylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


regulation of neural crest cell fate specification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neural crest cell fate specification.


junctional membrane complex

Complex formed in muscle cells between the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and invaginations of the plasma membrane (T-tubules).


RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex

A RNA methyltransferase complex that catalyzes the post-transcriptional methylation of adenosine to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In budding yeast, the MIS complex consists of Mum2p, Ime4p and Slz1p. In vertebrates, the complex consists of METTL3, METTL14 and associated components WTAP, ZC3H13, VIRMA, CBLL1/HAKAI and in some cases of RBM15 (RBM15 or RBM15B).


positive regulation of myoblast fusion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.


B-1a B cell differentiation

The process in which B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1a B cells. B-1a B cells are B-1 cells that express CD5 and arise from fetal liver precursors.


negative regulation of stem cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.


pulmonary valve morphogenesis

The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized.


mitotic DNA replication initiation

Any DNA replication initiation involved in mitotic cell cycle DNA replication.


positive regulation of DNA replication origin binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication origin binding.


alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex

A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which are capable of catalyzing the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA and the subsequent synthesis of a smal stretch of DNA. The smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis.


transcription antitermination factor activity, DNA binding

Binds to DNA, typically within region of the promoter and transcribed region, to promote readthrough of a transcription termination site and thus extending the length of the RNA transcript produced. Examples of antitermination factors which bind DNA include the lambda Q protein.


carbon catabolite repression of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose

A transcription regulation process in which the presence of glucose leads to a decrease in the frequency, rate, or extent of transcription of specific RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes involved in the metabolism of other carbon sources. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.


transcription antitermination

A positive regulation of gene expression mechanism that allows RNA polymerase to continue transcription beyond a termination site, thus allowing expression of downstream genes under specific conditions.


RSH6A_HUMAN Radial spoke head protein 6 homolog A (sprot)

A radial spoke head protein 6 homolog A that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of neuronal action potential

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a neuron. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.


response to superoxide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.


endothelin production

The appearance of a endothelin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions.


atrioventricular node cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell. AV node cells are pacemaker cells that are found in the atrioventricular node.


cardiac pacemaker cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pacemaker cell. Pacemaker cells are specialized cardiomyocytes that are responsible for regulating the timing of heart contractions.


phloem or xylem histogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana.


ergosterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. It is the most important of the D provitamins and is converted to vitamin D2 on irradiation with UV light.


radial spoke

Protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of a 9+2 type ciliary or flagellar axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. Composed of a stalk that attaches to each doublet microtubule and a globular structure (spoke head) that projects toward the central pair of microtubules.


radial spoke stalk

Protein complex forming the elongated portion of the radial spoke between the base which binds to the A-tubule of each microtubule outer doublet and the neck which connects to the spoke head within the ciliary or flagellum axoneme.


negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.


radial spoke head 2

The portion of the radial spoke 2 that is orthogonal to the elongated stalk and which projects towards the central pair of microtubules within the ciliary axoneme.


MCM10_HUMAN Protein MCM10 homolog (sprot)

A protein MCM10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear origin of replication recognition complex

A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the nucleus.


mitotic DNA integrity checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that controls cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure by monitoring the integrity of the DNA during mitosis. The DNA integrity checkpoint begins with detection of DNA damage, defects in DNA structure or DNA replication, and ends with signal transduction.


CoA-synthesizing protein complex

A multisubunit complex likely involved in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). In S. cerevisiae, the complex consists of at least Cab2, Cab3, Cab4 and Cab5 but may also include Sis2 and Vhs3. The latter subunits are shared by the GO:0071513 phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase complex that catalyses the third step of the coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic pathway.


extrinsic component of mitochondrial outer membrane

The component of a mitochondrial outer membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


photoreceptor activity

The function of absorbing and responding to incidental electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. The response may involve a change in conformation.


light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion

The process in which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.


diacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group.


monoacylglycerol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.


protein localization to pericentriolar material

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a pericentriolar material.


endoplasmic reticulum localization

Any process in which endoplasmic reticulum is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


ubiquinone binding

Binding to ubiquinone, a quinone derivative with a tail of isoprene units.


DNA transport

The directed movement of RNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


nascent polypeptide-associated complex binding

Binding to nascent polypeptide-associated complex, a heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome.


ribosome localization

A process in which a ribosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


negative regulation of translation in response to stress

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


establishment of tissue polarity

Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.


regulation of Rap protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rap protein signal transduction.


EPN1_HUMAN Epsin-1 (sprot)

An epsin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EP15R_HUMAN Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 (sprot)

An epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


insulin binding

Binding to insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.


response to glucagon

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.


response to cAMP

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.


cortical microtubule plus-end

The plus-end of a cortical microtubule.


thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamine diphosphate, a derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.


thiamine transport

The directed movement of thiamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


thiamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.


positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity

Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.


2-oxoglutarate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism.


minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding

Binding to a DNA structure formed by the minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA regions. Examples of proteins having this function are AT-rich interaction domain (ARID)-containing proteins.


regulation of peptide hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.


regulation of growth hormone secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.


epithelial cell-cell adhesion

The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules.


endochitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal (1->4)-beta linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, endochitinases cleave randomly within the chitin chain.


exochitinase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal 1,4-beta-linkages of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) polymers of chitin and chitodextrins. Typically, exochitinases progressively cleave off two subunits from the reducing or non-reducing ends of the chitin chain.


glomerular mesangium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular mesangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular mesangium is the thin membrane connective tissue composed of mesangial cells, which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus.


OFF retinal ganglion cell

A retinal ganglion cell that is depolarized by decreased illumination of their receptive field center.


G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G protein-coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP (cGMP).


regulation of glomerulus development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glomerulus development, the progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.


proximal tubule development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proximal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the proximal tubule is a nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. It has a brush border epithelial morphology.


ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ULP + S = X + S-ULP, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ULP linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ULP linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ULP and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.


IkappaB kinase complex

A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription.


gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.


positive regulation of neuron maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.


negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol

Any process that decreases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.


positive regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.


negative regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of integrin-mediated signaling pathway.


cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin

The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.


regulation of DNA biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.


Golgi stack

The set of thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments, called cisternae, that form the central portion of the Golgi complex. The stack usually comprises cis, medial, and trans cisternae; the cis- and trans-Golgi networks are not considered part of the stack.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by global deprotonation of the hexaphosphate OH groups of P(1),P(6)-bis(5'-adenosyl)hexaphosphate


Adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate(5-)

An organophosphate oxoanion that is the pentaanionic form of adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate.


tripeptide

Any oligopeptide that consists of three amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.


dipeptide zwitterion

Any peptide zwitterion comprising two amino acid residues. Major structure at pH 7.3.


MIP_CHLTR Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase Mip (sprot)


regulation of meiosis I

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of meiosis I, a cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells.


acetyl-CoA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.


positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.


negative regulation of cardioblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.


fat cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a fat cell.


response to interleukin-7

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.


myofibroblast differentiation

The process in which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a myofibroblast cell.


regulation of myofibroblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation.


response to bleomycin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bleomycin stimulus.


lung connective tissue development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung connective tissue from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung connective tissue and ends with the mature structure. The lung connective tissue is a material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for the lungs.


response to interleukin-13

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-13 stimulus.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 (CCL11, also known as eotaxin-1) due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


leukemia inhibitory factor receptor binding

Binding to an leukemia inhibitory factor receptor.


maternal process involved in female pregnancy

A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it.


regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding.


spongiotrophoblast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell of the ectoplacental cone acquires specialized features of a spongiotrophoblast of the placenta. A spongiotrophoblast cell is a basophilic cell.


A protein that is a translation product of the human IL2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. Interleukin-2 has a dual role in maintaining tolerance and contributing to immunity.


A protein that is a translation product of the human IL4 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


Pyridoxal phosphate gamma-aminobutyric acid


vitamin B6 catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


heat shock protein binding

Binding to a heat shock protein, a protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock.


pronephric proximal tubule morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pronephric nephron proximal tubule are generated and organized. A pronephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the pronephros.


Chelerythrine

A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.


Azide ion

Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.


A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.


The (4R,5S)-isomer of dethiobiotin.


gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake

The uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.


nucleus ambiguus

A region of histologically disparate cells located just dorsal to the inferior olivary nucleus in the lateral portion of the upper medulla. It receives upper motor neuron innervation directly via the corticobulbar tract This nucleus gives rise to the efferent motor fibers of the vagus nerve terminating in the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, as well as to the efferent motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) terminating in the stylopharyngeus. [WP,unvetted].


GTP 3',8'-cyclase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP=(8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate.


cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate = cyclic pyranopterin phosphate + diphosphate.


cytoplasmic translational elongation

The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.


potassium ion binding

Binding to a potassium ion (K+).


acetylspermidine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = acetate + spermidine.


polyamine deacetylation

The modification of acetylpolyamine by the removal of acetyl groups.


spermidine deacetylation

The modification of acetylspermadine by the removal of acetyl groups.


regulation of oxygen metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxygen metabolic process.


CEACAM1a-2L (mouse)

A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 sequence variant CEACAM1a (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P31809-3. This form contains the two copies of the Ig domain and is the version with longer cytoplasmic tail.


protein import into mitochondrial matrix

The import of proteins across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes into the matrix. Unfolded proteins enter the mitochondrial matrix with a chaperone protein; the information required to target the precursor protein from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix is contained within its N-terminal matrix-targeting sequence. Translocation of precursors to the matrix occurs at the rare sites where the outer and inner membranes are close together.


CAV3_HUMAN Caveolin-3 (sprot)

A caveolin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DYSF_HUMAN Dysferlin (sprot)

A dysferlin that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRI72_HUMAN Tripartite motif-containing protein 72 (sprot)

A tripartite motif-containing protein 72 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ANXA6_HUMAN Annexin A6 (sprot)

An annexin A6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cell migration involved in heart development

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the progression of the heart over time, from its initial formation, to the mature organ.


MRC1_HUMAN Macrophage mannose receptor 1 (sprot)

A macrophage mannose receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRC2_HUMAN C-type mannose receptor 2 (sprot)

A C-type mannose receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLC4K_HUMAN C-type lectin domain family 4 member K (sprot)

A C-type lectin domain family 4 member K that is encoded in the genome of human.


Calcitroic acid

A hydroxycalciol that is calcidiol in which the pro-S hydrogen of calcidiol is replaced by a hydroxy group and the C-23/C-27 unit is replaced by a carboxy group.


HG2A_HUMAN HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain (sprot)

An MHC class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of action potential firing pattern

Any process that regulates the temporal pattern of a sequence of action potentials in a neuron.


An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form glycerone phosphate.


NADH oxidation

A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD+.


glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.


D-ribulose

The D-stereoisomer of ribulose.


regulation of lamellipodium assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.


myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration

The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


response to hepatocyte growth factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.


uterine epithelium development

The progression of an epithelium of the uterus over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.


response to 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate stimulus.


response to epidermal growth factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.


regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.


iris morphogenesis

The process in which the iris is generated and organized. The iris is an anatomical structure in the eye whose opening forms the pupil. The iris is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and the amount of light reaching the retina.


nitric oxide binding

Binding to nitric oxide (NO).


hemangioblast

A pluripotent cell in the yolk sac that can give rise to mesenchymal cells including erythrocytes and endothelial cells.


transmembrane transporter complex

A transmembrane protein complex which enables the transfer of a substance from one side of a membrane to the other.


ATP-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


CTP binding

Binding to CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.


maintenance of protein complex location

Any process in which a protein complex is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of protein complexes that move away.


microspike assembly

Formation of a microspike, a dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.


negative regulation of phospholipase C activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C activity.


An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 7alpha and 26 positions.


5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24,26-pentol with S-configuration at C-24.


3alpha,7alpha,24-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al with S-configuration at C-24.


3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-al with S-configuration at C-24.


5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,24,26-tetrol with S-configuration at C-24.


A cholestanoid that is 5beta-cholestan-26-al substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7 and 12 respectively.


regulation of chondrocyte development

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


acid-sensing ion channel 1 isoform m2 (mouse)

An acid-sensing ion channel 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q6NXK8-2.


CAPON_HUMAN Carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein (sprot)

A carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


SRCN1_HUMAN SRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1 (sprot)

A SRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RAC3_HUMAN Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (sprot)

A Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering.


acetylcholine receptor binding

Binding to an acetylcholine receptor.


negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.


regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of voltage-gated calcium channel activity.


regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo.


pulmonary artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the pulmonary artery are generated and organized. The pulmonary artery is the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.


intrahepatic cholangiocyte

An epithelial cell of the intrahepatic portion of the bile duct. These cells are flattened or cuboidal in shape, and have a small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio relative to large/extrahepatic cholangiocytes.


glandular cell of stomach

A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach.


urothelial cell

A cell of a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the proximal urethra, bladder, ureter or renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria.


1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a glucose group from UDP-glucose to a (1->3)-beta-D-glucan chain.


1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n) = UDP + [(1->3)-beta-D-glucosyl](n+1).


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.


cellular bud neck septin ring organization

Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of a septin ring located at the bud neck.


positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


regulation of secondary cell septum biogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary cell septum biogenesis.


protein localization to mating projection tip

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mating projection tip.


regulation of dendrite extension

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite extension.


stereocilia tip-link density

An electron-dense plaque at either end of a stereocilia tip link that provides the anchor in the stereocilia membrane.


ESCRT I complex

An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and interacts with ubiquitinated cargoes.


regulation of deacetylase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deacetylase activity.


actin crosslink formation

The process in which two or more actin filaments are connected together by proteins that act as crosslinks between the filaments. The crosslinked filaments may be on the same or differing axes.


actin nucleation

The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament.


protein-containing complex remodeling

The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.


alpha-tubulin binding

Binding to the microtubule constituent protein alpha-tubulin.


protein deacylation

The removal of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, from a protein amino acid.


Hsp90 deacetylation

The modification of an Hsp90 protein by removal of acetyl groups.


cellular response to misfolded protein

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.


aggresome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an aggresome; requires the microtubule cytoskeleton and dynein.


regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.


positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.


endothelial tube lumen extension

Any endothelial tube morphogenesis process by which the tube is increased in length.


negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.


regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin

The process in which endothelin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. Endothelin is a hormone that is released by the endothelium, and it is a vasoconstrictor.


negative regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.


actomyosin contractile ring

A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. In animal cells, the contractile ring is located at the cleavage furrow. In budding fungal cells, e.g. mitotic S. cerevisiae cells, the contractile ring forms at the mother-bud neck before mitosis.


positive regulation of microtubule plus-end binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding.


neuron projection retraction

The organization process which results in the disassembly (either partial or complete) of constituent parts of a neuron projection. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


negative regulation of neuron projection regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.


regulation of cellular component size

A process that modulates the size of a cellular component.


profilin binding

Binding to profilin, an actin-binding protein that forms a complex with G-actin and prevents it from polymerizing to form F-actin.


regulation of cell projection organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.


regulation of spindle checkpoint

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the spindle checkpoint, a cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and oriented, and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.


negative regulation of sensory perception of pain

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain.


catecholamine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.


mastication

The process of biting and mashing food with the teeth prior to swallowing.


response to corticosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.


response to external stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.


response to dopamine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus.


response to methylphenidate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylphenidate stimulus.


negative regulation of catecholamine metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine.


phosphatidylserine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.


membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy.


multivesicular body membrane disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the membranes of multivesicular bodies.


neutral lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.


benzil reductase [(S)-benzoin-forming] activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-benzoin + NADP(3-) <=> benzil + NADPH(4-) + H+.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, oxygen as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.


regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.


regulation of norepinephrine secretion

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.


inactivation of paternal X chromosome by genomic imprinting

Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the paternal X-chromosome in the XX sex by genomic imprinting.


ammonium excretion

The elimination of ammonium ions from an excretory cell.


regulation of sensory perception of pain

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.


cytoplasm protein quality control

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are either targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation or protected by chaperones to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding.


LUBAC complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes linear head-to-tail polyubiquitin conjugation on its targets. In human the complex consists of RBCK1, RNF31 and SHARPIN, and has an MW of approximately 600 kDa, suggesting a heteromultimeric assembly of its subunits. LUBAC stands for Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex.


positive regulation of protein polyubiquitination

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination.


septal nuclear complex

Collection of nerve cells in the medial forebrain lying generally in front of the anterior commissure (Maryann Martone).


SUMO1_HUMAN Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (sprot)

A small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SUMO3_HUMAN Small ubiquitin-related modifier 3 (sprot)

A small ubiquitin-related modifier 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SUMO2_HUMAN Small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 (sprot)

A small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IF2B2_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IF2B1_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IF2B3_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TNPO1_HUMAN Transportin-1 (sprot)

A transportin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DCP1A_HUMAN mRNA-decapping enzyme 1A (sprot)

An mRNA-decapping enzyme 1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


TTP_HUMAN mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36 (sprot)

An mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TISB_HUMAN mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36L1 (sprot)

An mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36L1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PARN_HUMAN Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN (sprot)

A poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN that is encoded in the genome of human.


Noc1p-Noc2p complex

A heterodimer associated with 90S and 66S preribosomes. Predominantly, but not exclusively, nucleolar; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.


regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.


Z385A_HUMAN Zinc finger protein 385A (sprot)

A zinc finger protein 385A that is encoded in the genome of human.


PO4F1_HUMAN POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 1 (sprot)

A POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IASPP_HUMAN RelA-associated inhibitor (sprot)

A RelA-associated inhibitor that is encoded in the genome of human.


PO4F2_HUMAN POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 2 (sprot)

A POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BANP_HUMAN Protein BANP (sprot)

A protein BANP that is encoded in the genome of human.


HIPK1_HUMAN Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 (sprot)

A homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BRD7_HUMAN Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (sprot)

A bromodomain-containing protein 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ASPP2_HUMAN Apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 (sprot)

An apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ASPP1_HUMAN Apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 1 (sprot)

An apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sperm mitochondrial sheath assembly

The assembly and organization of the sperm mitochondrial sheath, the tightly packed helical sheath of ATP-producing mitochondria restricted to the midpiece of the sperm flagellum.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: dopamine(out) + Na+(out) + Cl-(out)= dopamine(in) + Na+(in) + Cl-(in).


TR10D_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10D (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10D that is encoded in the genome of human.


MSH2_HUMAN DNA mismatch repair protein Msh2 (sprot)

A DNA mismatch repair protein Msh2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCNK_HUMAN Cyclin-K (sprot)

A cyclin-K that is encoded in the genome of human.


CDK12_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinase 12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TM219_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 receptor (sprot)

A transmembrane protein 219 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NLRC4_HUMAN NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (sprot)

An NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B2L14_HUMAN Apoptosis facilitator Bcl-2-like protein 14 (sprot)

An apoptosis facilitator Bcl-2-like protein 14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PERP_HUMAN p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22 (sprot)

A p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PGTA_HUMAN Geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit alpha (sprot)

A geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


PGTB2_HUMAN Geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit beta (sprot)

A geranylgeranyl transferase type-2 subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


NDRG1_HUMAN Protein NDRG1 (sprot)

A protein NDRG1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GA45A_HUMAN Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha (sprot)

A growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


BTG2_HUMAN Protein BTG2 (sprot)

A protein BTG2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RGCC_HUMAN Regulator of cell cycle RGCC (sprot)

A response gene to complement 32 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PLAL1_HUMAN Zinc finger protein PLAGL1 (sprot)

A zinc finger protein PLAGL1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


E2F8_HUMAN Transcription factor E2F8 (sprot)

A transcription factor E2F8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARI3A_HUMAN AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 3A (sprot)

An AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 3A that is encoded in the genome of human.


E2F7_HUMAN Transcription factor E2F7 (sprot)

A transcription factor E2F7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BNI3L_HUMAN BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like (sprot)

A BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRIA1_HUMAN TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (sprot)

A TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TR10A_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A that is encoded in the genome of human.


TR10B_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B that is encoded in the genome of human.


TR10C_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10C (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10C that is encoded in the genome of human.


PLD3A_HUMAN PRELI domain containing protein 3A (sprot)

A PRELI domain containing protein 3A that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRLD1_HUMAN PRELI domain-containing protein 1, mitochondrial (sprot)

A PRELI domain-containing protein 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


articular chondrocyte

Chondrocyte forming the hyaline cartilage found in joints.


beige adipocyte

A fat cell that is beige in color, thermogenic, and which differentiates in white fat tissue from a Myf5-negative progenitor.


regulation of collagen fibril organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen fibril organization.


muscle system process

A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.


extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring tensile strength

A constituent of the extracellular matrix that enables the matrix to resist longitudinal stress.


response to polyamine macromolecule

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polyamine macromolecule stimulus.


mitochondrial transmembrane transport

The process in which a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into, out of or within a mitochondrion.


early stripe melanocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an early stripe melanocyte (ESM). In zebrafish, ESMs develop during the first phase (2-3 weeks of development) of the larva to adult transition (2-4 weeks of development).


fetal thymocyte

A thymocyte found in the fetal thymus.


experimentally modified cell in vitro

A cell in vitro that has undergone physical changes as a consequence of a deliberate and specific experimental procedure.


mitotic anaphase A

The cell cycle phase during which the kinetochore microtubules shorten as chromosomes move toward the spindle poles as part of mitosis.


protein phosphatase type 1 complex

A protein complex that possesses magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) activity, and consists of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulatory subunits that dictates the phosphatase's substrate specificity, function, and activity.


intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of monoatomic ions within a cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.


regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in cytokinesis

Any regulation of protein localization to cell division site that is involved in cytokinesis.


regulation of cell budding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and growth of cell buds.


protein phosphatase 1 binding

Binding to a protein phosphatase 1.


pronephric nephron development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephric nephron over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros.


negative regulation of hh target transcription factor activity

Any process that decreases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates members of the Gli protein family are activated by Hedgehog signaling.


protein homooligomerization

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that results in the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord.


death receptor binding

Binding to a member of the death receptor (DR) family. The DR family falls within the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is characterized by a cytoplasmic region of ~80 residues termed the death domain (DD).


Sodium dodecyl sulfate

An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.


Triton X-100

A poly(ethylene glycol) derivative that is poly(ethylene glycol) in which one of the terminal hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding p-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-3-yl)phenyl ether.


Methylene Blue

An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.


Diphenyleneiodonium

An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.


A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by an oleoyl group.


positive regulation of intracellular protein transport

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.


coproporphyrinogen III(4-)

Tetracarboxylate anion of coproporphyrinogen III.


Dicarboxylate anion of protoporphyrinogen.


uroporphyrinogen III(8-)

An octacarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of all eight carboxy groups of uroporphyrinogen III.


The dicarboxylate anion of protoporphyrin, obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups.


Pyrogallol

A  benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.


Butin

A trihydroxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 3', 4' and 7. It is found in Acacia mearnsii, Vernonia anthelmintica and Dalbergia odorifera and has a protective affect against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.


Caffeic Acid

The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.


Tempo carboxylic acid

A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying a carboxy group at position 4.


Tempamine

A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying an amino group at position 4.


tetrapyrrole binding

Binding to a tetrapyrrole, a compound containing four pyrrole nuclei variously substituted and linked to each other through carbons at the alpha position.


protoporphyrinogen IX metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving protoporphyrinogen IX, the specific substrate for the enzyme ferrochelatase, which catalyzes the insertion of iron to form protoheme. It is probably also the substrate for chlorophyll formation.


regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


detection of UV

The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.


Mevalonic acid

The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: a (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] = a (2E)-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod

The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).


'de novo' GMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) through an inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) intermediate.


phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit binding

Binding to a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The regulatory subunit associates with the catalytic subunit to regulate both its activity and subcellular location.


protein heterooligomerization

The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.


response to glial cell derived neurotrophic factor

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus.


neurotrophin signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by neurotrophin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Neurotrophins are a family of secreted growth factors that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons.


Rab protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.


slow muscle cell migration

The orderly movement of a slow muscle cell from one site to another.


cellular biogenic amine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.


A mixture of antiviral nucleoside antibiotics produced by Streptomyces lysosuperificus. It contains at least 10 homologues comprising uracil, N-acetylglucosamine, an 11-carbon aminodialdose called tunicamine, and a fatty acid linked to the amino group of the tunicamine.  The homologues vary in the composition of the fatty acid moiety.


phosphatidic acid

A derivative of glycerol in which one hydroxy group, commonly but not necessarily primary, is esterified with phosphoric acid and the other two are esterified with fatty acids.


phosphatidylglycerol

A glycerophosphoglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen of one of the primary hydroxy groups has been replaced by a phosphatidyl group.


An acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate in which a single acyl substituent is located at position 2.


nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide.


An octadecenoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of trans-2-octadecenoic acid.


A 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid.


A 3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate groups of 3-oxooctadecanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.


Tetraanion of icosanoyl-CoA arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions.


sphinganine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


FAN_HUMAN Protein FAN (sprot)

A protein FAN that is encoded in the genome of human.


acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group, other than amino-acyl, from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


melanocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a melanocyte, the main structural component of the epidermis.


stem cell fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell.


swim bladder formation

The process that gives rise to the swim bladder. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


negative regulation of protein sumoylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus

A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nerve growth factor stimulus.


regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway.


outward rectifier potassium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an outwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the outward flow of K+ ions exceeds the inward flow for the opposite driving force.


extrinsic component of membrane

The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.


regulation of macrophage migration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage migration.


cardiac atrium formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.


CENPE_HUMAN Centromere-associated protein E (sprot)

A centromere-associated protein E that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIFC1_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIFC1 (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIFC1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF15_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF15 (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIFA3_HUMAN Kinesin-associated protein 3 (sprot)

A kinesin-associated protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF9_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF9 (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI18A_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF18A (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF18A that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF28_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF28P (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the KIF28P gene in human.


KIF2A_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF2A (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF2A that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF3C_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF3C (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF3C that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF3B_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF3B (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF3B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF1C_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF1C (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF1C that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF1B_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF1B (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI21B_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF21B (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF21B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF4A_HUMAN Chromosome-associated kinesin KIF4A (sprot)

A chromosome-associated kinesin KIF4A that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLC1_HUMAN Kinesin light chain 1 (sprot)

A kinesin light chain 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF1A_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF1A (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF22_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF22 (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI26B_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF26B (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF26B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF19_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF19 (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF4B_HUMAN Chromosome-associated kinesin KIF4B (sprot)

A chromosome-associated kinesin KIF4B that is encoded in the genome of human.


Q66K46_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein (Fragment) (trembl)


KLC3_HUMAN Kinesin light chain 3 (sprot)

A kinesin light chain 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Q6PKD1_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein (Fragment) (trembl)


KIF6_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF6 (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI21A_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF21A (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF21A that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF27_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF27 (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF27 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI18B_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF18B (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF18B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF2B_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF2B (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF2B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIFC2_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIFC2 (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIFC2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF12_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF12 (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI16B_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF16B (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF16B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI20B_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF20B (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF20B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF2C_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF2C (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF2C that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLC2_HUMAN Kinesin light chain 2 (sprot)

A kinesin light chain 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI13B_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF13B (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF13B that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLC4_HUMAN Kinesin light chain 4 (sprot)

A kinesin light chain 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIF25_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF25 (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF25 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI26A_HUMAN Kinesin-like protein KIF26A (sprot)

A kinesin-like protein KIF26A that is encoded in the genome of human.


Tempol

A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. It is a radical scavenger which exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.


cytoplasmic dynein complex

Any dynein complex with a homodimeric dynein heavy chain core that catalyzes movement along a microtubule. Cytoplasmic dynein complexes participate in many cytoplasmic transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Some complexes participate in intraflagellar transport. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes, and may include light chains and light intermediate chains.


regulation of basement membrane organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, disassembly or arrangement of constituent parts of the basement membrane.


primary cell septum biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a primary cell septum following nuclear division.


protein localization to cell division site

A cellular protein localization process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the site of cell division.


protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 isoform V1 (mouse)

A protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 isoform V1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 isoform V2 (mouse)

A protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 isoform V2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


pterinosome

A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which pteridine pigments are synthesized and stored. Pterinosomes are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.


footplate apical ectodermal ridge

An apical ectodermal ridge that is part of a footplate.


negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.


positive regulation of striated muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.


NALCN_HUMAN Sodium leak channel NALCN (sprot)

A sodium leak channel NALCN that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue regeneration.


positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


negative regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


group 3 innate lymphoid cell

An innate lymphoid cell that constituitively expresses RORgt and is capable of expressing IL17A and/or IL-22.