transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


regulation of neutrophil migration

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration.


response to molecule of fungal origin

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.


induced systemic resistance

A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.


regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 production.


response to aldosterone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldosterone stimulus.


cellular response to potassium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a potassium ion stimulus.


regulation of aldosterone metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.


mesenchymal cell development

The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.


cell adhesion involved in sprouting angiogenesis

The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the formation of a blood vessel network.


angiogenic sprout fusion

The connection of an angiogenic sprout to another vessel or sprout during the formation of vascular networks by sprouting angiogenesis.


endothelial tube lumen extension involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

Any endothelial tube lumen extension that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


blood vessel endothelial cell delamination involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment

Any blood vessel endothelial cell delamination that is involved in blood vessel lumen ensheathment.


lysophosphatidylserine 18:1(1-)

A lysophosphatidylserine(1-) in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 18 carbons and 1 double bond.


glycerophospholipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 38 carbons in total with 0 double bonds.


organic substance catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon.


attachment of GPI anchor to protein

A transamidation reaction that results in the cleavage of the polypeptide chain and the concomitant transfer of the GPI anchor to the newly formed carboxy-terminal amino acid of the anchored protein. The cleaved C-terminal contains the C-terminal GPI signal sequence of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain.


GPI-anchor transamidase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the formation of the linkage between a protein and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The reaction probably occurs by subjecting a peptide bond to nucleophilic attack by the amino group of ethanolamine-GPI, transferring the protein from a signal peptide to the GPI anchor.


UPAR_HUMAN Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (sprot)

A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


GPI8_HUMAN GPI-anchor transamidase (sprot)

A GPI-anchor transamidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of sodium ion transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


histone H3-K79 methylation

The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 79 of the histone.


segment specification

The process in which segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes.


head of caudate nucleus

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Largest part of the caudate nucleus lying lateral to and protruding into the anterior of the lateral ventricle.


M0QWP1_MOUSE Agrin (trembl)

An agrin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:M0QWP1.


circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep

A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.


GABA-A receptor activity

Combining with the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) to initiate a change in cell activity. GABA-A receptors function as chloride channels.


reproductive behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction.


hard palate development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes.


response to acid chemical

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form.


noradrenergic neuron differentiation involved in brainstem development

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem.


response to L-glutamate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-glutamate stimulus.


regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a dopamine receptor signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


postsynaptic signal transduction

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a postsynapse.


aorta morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


muscle organ morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized.


vagus nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


regulation of animal organ morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis.


microtubule plus end polymerase

Catalysis of the transfer of tubulin dimers to the plus end of a microtubule. The reaction is reversable depending on the availability of dimers.


type 4 melanocortin receptor binding

Binding to a type 4 melanocortin receptor.


type 3 melanocortin receptor binding

Binding to a type 3 melanocortin receptor.


type 1 melanocortin receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 melanocortin receptor.


positive regulation of feeding behavior

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.


intracellular magnesium ion homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of magnesium ions within a cell.


chitin localization

A process in which chitin is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


glycophagy

The selective autophagy process in which cellular glycogen is delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions.


substrate localization to autophagosome

The localization process by which an autophagic substrate is delivered to a forming autophagosome.


protein to membrane docking

The initial attachment of a protein to a target membrane, mediated by a proteins protruding from the target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.


positive regulation of protein localization to lysosome

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to lysosome.


glucan 1,6-alpha-glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in (1->6)-alpha-D-glucans and derived oligosaccharides.


putative bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and deubiquitinase ALG13 isoform h2 (human)

A putative bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and deubiquitinase ALG13 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9NP73-2.


ALG13_HUMAN Putative bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and deubiquitinase ALG13 (sprot)

A putative bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and deubiquitinase ALG13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ALG14_HUMAN UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase subunit ALG14 homolog (sprot)

A UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase subunit ALG14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of developmental pigmentation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.


regulation of myotome development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development.


neuromast deposition

The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in a developing lateral line.


pronephric glomerular basement membrane

A glomerular basement membrane that is part of a pronephros.


DNA replication termination region

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A chromosomal region that contains fork pausing elements influencing the progression and merging of DNA replication forks.


rRNA transcription

The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template.


DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication

The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication.


regulation of mitotic recombination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.


replication fork progression beyond termination site

Regulation of DNA replication by a mechanism that allows a DNA replication fork to progress beyond a termination site, which is a region containing fork pausing elements that influence the progression and merging of DNA replication forks.


chromatin remodeling at centromere

Dynamic structural changes in centromeric DNA.


DNA topoisomerase activity

Catalysis of the transient cleavage and passage of individual DNA strands or double helices through one another, resulting a topological transformation in double-stranded DNA.


bile acid

Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration.


regulation of protein kinase C signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.


cytoskeletal protein binding

Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).


Catalysis of the reaction ATP + molybdopterin = diphosphate + adenylyl-molybdopterin.


histamine binding

Binding to histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.


double-stranded methylated DNA binding

Binding to double-stranded methylated DNA. Methylation of cytosine or adenine in DNA is an important mechanism for establishing stable heritable epigenetic marks.


siRNA binding

Binding to a small interfering RNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from double stranded RNA (dsRNA) by an RNAse enzyme.


protein localization to presynapse

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a presynapse.


proprioception

The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.


histone acetylation

The modification of a histone by the addition of an acetyl group.


glucocorticoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.


nervous system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response.


cardiolipin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.


biogenic amine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways occurring at the level of individual cells involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.


conditioned place preference

The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve

A cranial nerve nucleus for the vagus nerve in the medulla that lies under the floor of the fourth ventricle. It mostly serves parasympathetic vagal functions in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and other thoracic and abdominal vagal innervations. The cell bodies for the preganglionic parasympathetic vagal neurons that innervate the heart reside in the nucleus ambiguus.[WP,unvetted].


motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve

Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing cells that give rise to motor innervation of the jaw through the trigeminal nerve. It receives both crossed and uncrossed fibers from the cerebral cortex (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1996, pg 248).


negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.


embryonic epithelial tube formation

The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.


negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.


sperm entry

An endocytosis process that results in penetration of the egg shell through the micropyle (a specialized anterior opening in the vitelline envelope) and entry of the entire sperm, including the surrounding plasma membrane and the sperm tail, into the egg cytoplasm. This step in fertilization is seen in Drosophila, where a plasma membrane fusion event between the sperm and the egg does not occur.


PLC activating G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that binds glutamate and is linked to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium signaling system.


mitochondrial ribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mitochondrial ribosome and of its subunits.


mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit

The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome.


regulation of mitochondrial translation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.


matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane

The side (leaflet) of the mitochondrial inner membrane that faces the matrix.


'de novo' protein folding

The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure.


chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.


protein refolding

The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.


protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space

The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.


positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter.


formation of translation preinitiation complex

The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA.


RNA polymerase II core complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II core complex.


RNA polymerase III assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase III complex.


RNA polymerase I assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic RNA polymerase I complex.


5S class rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), or an equivalent rRNA, from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a type 1 RNA polymerase III promoter.


tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III

The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.


germ cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


cadmium ion binding

Binding to a cadmium ion (Cd).


regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an ectoderm cell.


regulation of programmed necrotic cell death

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed necrotic cell death.


L-gamma-glutamyl-L-amino acid(1-)

A peptide anion that is the conjugate base of an L-gamma-glutamyl-L-amino acid.


proteinogenic amino acid

Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.


telomerase holoenzyme complex

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.


mRNA transport

The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


phosphatidic acid binding

Binding to phosphatidic acid, any of a class of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.


heme transport

The directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


TMM11_HUMAN Transmembrane protein 11, mitochondrial (sprot)

A transmembrane protein 11, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIC25_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC25 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC25 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DJC11_HUMAN DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 11 (sprot)

A DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIC13_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC13 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIC27_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC27 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC27 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIC26_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC26 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC26 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIC60_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC60 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC60 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIC10_HUMAN MICOS complex subunit MIC10 (sprot)

A MICOS complex subunit MIC10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WWP1_MOUSE NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP1 (sprot)

A NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


xylulose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.


heme A biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme A, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.


heme O biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.


heme B biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme B, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.


very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a very long chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 22 or more carbons.


sulfate transport

The directed movement of sulfate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.


wax biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.


ethylene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.


icosanoid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.


halogenated hydrocarbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving halogenated hydrocarbons, compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.


benzene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation.


coumarin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.


omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds initially by omega-hydroxylation.


long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in a thioester linkage with a long-chain fatty-acyl group. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoAs have chain lengths of C13 or more.


trehalose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.


allantoin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.


urea catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.


histidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.


homoserine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.


allantoin assimilation pathway

The pathways by which allantoin is processed and converted to ureidoglycolate, and then into metabolically useful substrates. E. coli are able to utilize allantoin as a sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions by converting it to ureidoglycolate; this may be further metabolized to produce glyoxylate and thence 3-phosphoglycerate, or alternatively oxidized to oxolureate, which can converted into oxamate and carbamoylphosphate. This may then be further metabolized to CO2, NH4+ and ATP.


glycerol catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.


glutamate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


glutamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.


glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 L-glutamate + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamine + H+ + NADPH. This is a two-step reaction: (a) L-glutamate + NH3 = L-glutamine + H2O, (b) L-glutamate + NADP+ + H2O = NH3 + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+.


glutamate catabolic process to succinate via 2-oxoglutarate-dependent GABA-transaminase activity

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into succinate, that includes the conversion of 4-aminobutyrate to succinate semialdehyde by the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) transaminase.


L-homocysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-homocysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid.


aromatic compound biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.


tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.


amino acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: amino acid(out) + H+(out) = amino acid(in) + H+(in).


metal cation:proton antiporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: metal ion(in) + H+(out) = metal ion(out) + H+(in).


sialic acid:proton symporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sialate(out) + H+(out) = sialate(in) + H+(in).


Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate = NAD(P)H + 3,4-dehydro-1,4-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate.


NADH pyrophosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADH + H2O = AMP + NMNH + 2 H+.


UDP-glycosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from a UDP-sugar to a small hydrophobic molecule.


protein repair

The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues.


acetylcholine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.


cysteine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.


agmatine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)). Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase.


beta-alanine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.


hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any glycosyl bond.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate group of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate units of heparan sulfate and keratan sulfate.


lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: lysophosphatidic acid + H2O = phosphate + monoacylglycerol.


inositol hexakisphosphate 2-phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.


betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + H+.


Copper sulfate pentahydrate

The pentahydrate of copper(2+) sulfate. A bright blue crystalline solid.


Phloretin

A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2', 4' and 6'.


Dioxane

A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.


Lonidamine

A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.


MINP1_HUMAN Multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 1 (sprot)

A multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OSB10_HUMAN Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 10 (sprot)

An oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OSBL8_HUMAN Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 8 (sprot)

An oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OSBL5_HUMAN Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 5 (sprot)

An oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


interleukin-12 receptor binding

Binding to an interleukin-12 receptor.


I12R2_MOUSE Interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-2 (sprot)

An interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Nicotinamide-Adenine-Dinucleotide

The oxidised form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide found in all living cells. In metabolism, NAD(+) is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another.


corrinoid adenosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + 2 corrinoid + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 2 adenosylcorrinoid + 3 H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + 2 triphosphate. The corrinoid can be cob(II)yrinate a,c diamide, cob(II)inamide or cob(II)alamin.


N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to a nitrogen atom on the acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-glutamate + CoA + H+.


Catalysis of 5-taurinomethyluridine in tRNA + a [protein]-S-sulfanylcysteine + ATP + a reduced electron acceptor = a 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine in tRNA + a [protein]-L-cysteine + AMP + an oxidized electron acceptor + diphosphate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methyluridine.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + rRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + rRNA containing 2'-O-methylguanosine.


hydroxylysine kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine + GTP = 5-phosphonooxy-L-lysine + GDP + 2 H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein].


butyrate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + an acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


nucleoside triphosphate adenylate kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + AMP = nucleoside diphosphate + ADP.


induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 isoform 1 cleaved 1 (mouse)

An induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 isoform 1 cleaved 1 in mouse. It lacks the N-terminal portion encompassing 33 amino acids. This form is generated by cleavage within the mitochondrial matrix. UniProtKB:P97287-1, 34-331.


ADPRS_HUMAN ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 (sprot)

An ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PPA6_HUMAN Lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 (sprot)

A lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ABHDA_HUMAN Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase ABHD10, mitochondrial (sprot)

A palmitoyl-protein thioesterase ABHD10, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


AK1BF_HUMAN Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B15 (sprot)

An aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B15 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIR4_HUMAN NAD-dependent protein lipoamidase sirtuin-4, mitochondrial (sprot)

An NAD-dependent protein lipoamidase sirtuin-4, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase, mitochondrial isoform 1 (human)

An ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase, mitochondrial isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYMM_HUMAN Methionine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A methionyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYIM_HUMAN Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

An isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYVM_HUMAN Valine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A valine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYTM_HUMAN Threonine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A threonine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYRM_HUMAN Probable arginine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A probable arginine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYNM_HUMAN Probable asparagine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

An asparagine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYLM_HUMAN Leucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A leucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYAM_HUMAN Alanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

An alanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYCM_HUMAN Probable cysteine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A probable cysteine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYFM_HUMAN Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A phenylalanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYHM_HUMAN Histidine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A histidine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYPM_HUMAN Probable proline--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A probable proline--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


SYEM_HUMAN Probable glutamate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A probable glutamate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


KAD4_HUMAN Adenylate kinase 4, mitochondrial (sprot)

An adenylate kinase 4, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


NUD13_HUMAN NAD(P)H pyrophosphatase NUDT13, mitochondrial (sprot)

An NAD(P)H pyrophosphatase NUDT13, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


pseudouridylate synthase 1 homolog isoform h1 (human)

A pseudouridylate synthase 1 homolog (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9Y606-1.


MTU1_HUMAN Mitochondrial tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase 1 (sprot)

A mitochondrial tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRM2_HUMAN rRNA methyltransferase 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

An rRNA methyltransferase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRM1_HUMAN rRNA methyltransferase 1, mitochondrial (sprot)

An rRNA methyltransferase 1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRM3_HUMAN rRNA methyltransferase 3, mitochondrial (sprot)

An rRNA methyltransferase 3, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


NSUN4_HUMAN 5-methylcytosine rRNA methyltransferase NSUN4 (sprot)

A methyltransferase NSUN4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HYKK_HUMAN Hydroxylysine kinase (sprot)

An aminoglycoside phosphotransferase domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BCKD_HUMAN [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase [lipoamide]] kinase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A [3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase [lipoamide]] kinase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


KITM_HUMAN Thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

A thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


HTD2_HUMAN Hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase type 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

A hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase type 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


S27A3_HUMAN Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 3 (sprot)

A long-chain fatty acid transport protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACSF3_HUMAN Malonate--CoA ligase ACSF3, mitochondrial (sprot)

A malonate--CoA ligase ACSF3, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACD10_HUMAN Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 10 (sprot)

An acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACSF2_HUMAN Medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase ACSF2, mitochondrial (sprot)

A medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase ACSF2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


FABD_HUMAN Malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


D2HDH_HUMAN D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


KAD3_HUMAN GTP:AMP phosphotransferase AK3, mitochondrial (sprot)

A GTP:AMP phosphotransferase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACOT2_HUMAN Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

An acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACSM1_HUMAN Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM1, mitochondrial (sprot)

An acyl-coenzyme A synthetase ACSM1, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACOT9_HUMAN Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 9, mitochondrial (sprot)

An acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 9, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


tricarboxylic acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).


aspartate transamidation

The exchange of the amino group of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, for another amino group.


A coenzyme found in all living cells; consists of two nucleotides joined through their 5'-phosphate groups, with one nucleotide containing an adenine base and the other containing nicotinamide.


optic vesicle elongation

The developmental growth that results in the lengthening of the optic vesicle in the posterior direction.


notochordal sheath cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Notochordal cell that is part of the outer epithelium of the notochord and surrounds the vacuolated notochord cells.


endosome organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.


positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.


aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an aromatic alcohol + NADP+ = an aromatic aldehyde + NADPH.


cellular aldehyde metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O, as carried out by individual cells.


positive regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility.


positive regulation of mitotic spindle pole body separation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated mitotic spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.


regulation of mitotic spindle assembly

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle assembly.


spindle pole

Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.


regulation of nucleus organization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization.


negative regulation of protein localization to nucleolus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.


regulation of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body.


regulation of protein localization to nucleolus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.


positive regulation of protein localization to spindle pole body

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to spindle pole body.


protein localization to spindle pole body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the spindle pole body.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a quinone or a similar acceptor molecule.


FSP1_HUMAN Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (sprot)

A ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AL3B2_HUMAN Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2 (sprot)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FAAH2_HUMAN Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 2 (sprot)

A fatty-acid amide hydrolase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cartilage condensation

The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes.


Myo2p-Vac17p-Vac8p transport complex

A protein complex that is involved in transport of vacuoles to a newly formed daughter cell. In yeast, this complex is composed of Myo2p, Vac17p, and Vac8p.


nucleus-vacuole junction assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nucleus-vacuole junction (NVJ), membrane contact sites formed between the vacuole membrane and the outer nuclear membrane. In S. cerevisiae these contacts are mediated through direct physical interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p. The NVJ plays roles in piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus and in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway.


vacuole fusion, non-autophagic

The fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.


Cvt vesicle assembly

A vesicle organization process that takes place as part of the Cvt pathway, and results in the formation of a double membrane-bounded cytosolic structure that sequesters precursor aminopeptidase I (prAPI).


vacuole-isolation membrane contact site

An organelle membrane contact site formed at the junction of the vacuolar membrane and the isolation membrane or phagophore in response to starvation or other stresses, leading to the formation of the autophagosome.


zymogen activation

The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.


mannose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.


microlipophagy

Microautophagy-mediated direct internalization of lipid droplets into a lysosome-like vacuole during nutrient depletion, such as during the transition to stationary phase or in response to nutrient limitation. Microlipophagy is mediated by the formation of sterol-enriched vacuolar microdomains at sites of engulfment. Initiation of microautophagy is defined as the point where liquid-ordered microdomains are formed at sites of engulfment, that requires S. cerevisiae Atg32p and Atg21p, as well as Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) sterol transporter proteins, Ncr1p and Npc2p. This is followed by redistribution of Atg14p from ER exit sites onto liquid-ordered vacuole membrane domains through interaction with stabilized AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and together with Atg6p facilities docking and internalization of lipid droplets (LDs) at sites of invagination.


vacuolar lumen

The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.


nucleotide catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).


mitochondrial DNA catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitochondrial DNA.


male pronucleus

The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization.


DNA-templated DNA replication

A DNA replication process that uses parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.


regulation of translation by machinery localization

Any process in which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.


epithelial tube formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an epithelial tube.


microtubule organizing center localization

Any process in which the microtubule organizing center is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


external side of apical plasma membrane

The leaflet the apical region of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.


copper ion import

The directed movement of copper ions into a cell or organelle.


biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria.


hypoxanthine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.


xanthine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.


SPOTS complex

A multiprotein complex at least composed of serine palmitoyltransferases and ORM proteins (known as ORMDL proteins in mammals and other higher vertebrates) that plays a key role in sphingolipid homeostasis.


Sphingosine 1-phosphate

A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1


Sphinganine

A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.


dihydroceramide

An N-acylsphingoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any fatty acid with the amino group of any dihydrosphingoid base.


Sphingosine

A sphing-4-enine in which the double bond is trans.


regulation of smooth muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


insulin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin.


suppression by virus of host autophagy

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host.


positive regulation of endopeptidase activity

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


kit ligand isoform 1 (human)

A kit ligand isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIPL_HUMAN Lipoprotein lipase (sprot)

A lipoprotein lipase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZEP3_HUMAN Transcription factor HIVEP3 (sprot)

A transcription factor HIVEP3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HDBP1_HUMAN Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (sprot)

A glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OAZ2_HUMAN Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2 (sprot)

An ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OAZ1_HUMAN Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 (sprot)

An ornithine decarboxylase antizyme that is encoded in the genome of human.


OAZ3_HUMAN Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3 (sprot)

An ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MBTP1_MOUSE Membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease (sprot)

A membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


negative regulation of stress granule assembly

Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of stress-granule assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.


An organic anionic group that is the conjugate base of 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine 5'-phosphate residue; major species at pH 7.3.


An organic anionic group that is the conjugate base of 5-taurinomethyluridine 5'-phosphate residue; major species at pH 7.3.


regulation of homoserine biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of homoserine biosynthetic process.


serine C-palmitoyltransferase complex

An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a palmitoyl on to serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.


ceramide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.


sphinganine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.


sphingosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.


beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 isoform 2 (mouse)

A beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


B4GT2_HUMAN Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 2 (sprot)

A beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B4GT4_HUMAN Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 (sprot)

A beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution.


sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding

Binding to double-stranded DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA, e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.


leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a leukemia inhibitory factor to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


circadian behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.


gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion.


somatotropin secreting cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.


hypophysis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.


TMIG1_MOUSE Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

A transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum

A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).


single fate stem cell

A stem cell that self-renews as well as give rise to a single mature cell type.


nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha isoform 2 (mouse)

A nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


telencephalon lateral wall

Multi-tissue structure forming the sides of the lumen of the telencephalic region of the neural tube.


paraventricular nucleus of thalamus

The nucleus paraventricularis anterior thalami and nuclues paraventricularis posterior thalami, two of the nuclei mediani thalami; they are situated on the dorsomedial wall of the thalamus, juxtaposed to the third ventricle.


mechanoreceptor cell

A cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.


mesenchymal cell fate commitment

The process in which a cell becomes committed to become a mesenchymal cell.


serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4 isoform h3 (human)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q96J92-3.


sphingoid long-chain base transport

The directed movement of a sphingoid long-chain base, sometimes referred to as long-chain base, or sphingoid base, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sphingoid long-chain bases are long-chain aliphatic amines that are the fundamental building blocks of sphingolipids. The main mammalian sphingoid long-chain bases are dihydrosphingosine and sphingosine, while dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine are the main sphingoid long-chain bases in yeast.


EPC1_HUMAN Enhancer of polycomb homolog 1 (sprot)

An enhancer of polycomb homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


APAF_HUMAN Apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (sprot)

An apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


E2F1_HUMAN Transcription factor E2F1 (sprot)

A transcription factor E2F1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RBBP4_HUMAN Histone-binding protein RBBP4 (sprot)

A histone-binding protein RBBP4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TFDP2_HUMAN Transcription factor Dp-2 (sprot)

A transcription factor Dp-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CDC7_HUMAN Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase (sprot)

A cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


TFDP1_HUMAN Transcription factor Dp-1 (sprot)

A transcription factor Dp-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UXT_HUMAN Protein UXT (sprot)

A protein UXT that is encoded in the genome of human.


PCGF6_HUMAN Polycomb group RING finger protein 6 (sprot)

A Polycomb group RING finger protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RING1_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RING2_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


melanosome localization

Any process in which a melanosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


positive regulation of strand invasion

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.


positive regulation of protein sumoylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein.


negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


male germ-line sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a male organism's germ line.


female germ-line sex determination

The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a female organism's germ line.


regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of estrogen biosynthetic process.


regulation of inflammatory response to wounding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding.


negative regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.


negative regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell migration.


positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.


cellular response to ionizing radiation

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.


regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis.


regulation of striated muscle tissue development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.


positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.


positive regulation of histone deacetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.


regulation of enamel mineralization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.


positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.


positive regulation of odontogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.


branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching

The developmental growth process in which a branch of a mammary gland duct elongates.


positive regulation of histone acetylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.


columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation

The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.


TGFR2_MOUSE TGF-beta receptor type-2 (sprot)

A TGF-beta receptor type-2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


Langerhans cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a Langerhans cell.


cranial nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


cerebellum morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.


negative regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


melanosome lumen

The volume enclosed by the melanosome membrane.


A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of keto-phenylpyruvic acid.


Indole-3-pyruvic acid

A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3. It has been found in Lycopersicon esculentum


inositol phosphoceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphoceramides, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group.


N-acylsphinganine

A ceramide consisting of sphinganine in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a fatty acyl group.


N-acylphytosphingosine

A ceramide that is phytosphingosine having a fatty acyl group attached to the nitrogen.


sphingolipid Delta(4)-desaturase/C4-hydroxylase DES2 isoform 1 (mouse)

A sphingolipid Delta(4)-desaturase/C4-monooxygenase DES2 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding

Binding to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.


alveolar lamellar body membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an alveolar lamellar body, a specialized secretory organelle found in type II pneumocytes and involved in the synthesis, secretion, and reutilization of pulmonary surfactant.


ganglioside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.


integrin alpha7-beta1 complex

An integrin complex that comprises one alpha7 subunit and one beta1 subunit.


regulation of memory T cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation.


amelogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage.


ITB6_HUMAN Integrin beta-6 (sprot)

An integrin beta-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cold acclimation

Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures.


fibroblast of cardiac tissue

A fibroblast that is part of the heart.


proteasome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.


proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)

The sector of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex in which the catalytic activity resides; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with a membrane, such as the plasma membrane or the mitochondrial inner membrane, when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.


regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability

Any process that modulates blood-brain barrier permeability, the quality of the blood-brain barrier that allows for a controlled passage of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into and out of the brain.


lysophospholipid transport

The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.


negative regulation of DNA recombination

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.


response to copper ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.


regulation of tubulin deacetylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tubulin deacetylation. Tubulin deacetylation is the removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid.


positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction.


TNR4_MOUSE Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (sprot)

A tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


cortical endoplasmic reticulum

A cortical network of highly dynamic tubules that are juxtaposed to the plasma membrane and undergo ring closure and tubule-branching movements.


host cell viral assembly compartment

A membrane-bounded compartment that forms in the cytoplasm of the host cell, in which virus assembly takes place.


Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate + H2O = phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.


myosin I tail binding

Binding to the tail region of a myosin I heavy chain.


mitochondrial magnesium ion transmembrane transport

The process in which a magnesium ion (Mg2+) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.


kinetochore assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.


zeta DNA polymerase complex

A heterodimeric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes error-prone DNA synthesis in contexts such as translesion synthesis and double-stranded break repair. First characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are Rev3p and Rev7p; a third protein, Rev1p, is often associated with the polymerase dimer.


delta DNA polymerase complex

A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.


DNA replication, removal of RNA primer

Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease.


leading strand elongation

The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended continuously in a 5' to 3' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Leading strand elongation proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork.


lagging strand elongation

The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended in a net 3' to 5' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Lagging strand DNA elongation proceeds by discontinuous synthesis of short stretches of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, from RNA primers; these fragments are then joined by DNA ligase. Although each segment of nascent DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is 3' to 5', mirroring the progress of the replication fork.


single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a single-stranded DNA molecule.


RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process

A DNA biosynthetic process that uses RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strand.


MD2L2_HUMAN Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B (sprot)

A mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B that is encoded in the genome of human.


REV3L_HUMAN DNA polymerase zeta catalytic subunit (sprot)

A DNA polymerase zeta catalytic subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


cloaca development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cloaca over time, from it's formation to the mature structure. The cloaca is the common chamber into which intestinal, genital and urinary canals open in vertebrates.


regulation of G-quadruplex DNA binding

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-quadruplex DNA binding.


single-stranded DNA helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of single-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.


regulation of DNA repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.


DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing

The DNA metabolic process, occurring during lagging strand synthesis, by which RNA primers are removed from Okazaki fragments, the resulting gaps filled by DNA polymerization, and the ends ligated to form a continuous strand.


basic amino acid transmembrane import into vacuole

The directed movement of basic amino acids into the vacuole across the vacuolar membrane.


vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain

The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.


Gtr1-Gtr2 GTPase complex

A heterodimer GTPase complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains Gtr1p and Gtr2p proteins.


protein localization to vacuolar membrane

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a vacuolar membrane.


lysosomal microautophagy

The transfer of cytosolic components into the lysosomal compartment by direct invagination of the lysosomal membrane without prior sequestration into an autophagosome. The engulfing membranes fuse, resulting in the lysosomal delivery of the cargo wrapped in a single membrane derived from the invaginated lysosomal membrane. In S. cerevisiae, the vacuole is the lysosomal compartment.


iron ion transport

The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


proteasome storage granule assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a proteasome storage granule.


cobalt ion transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cobalt (Co) ions from one side of a membrane to the other.


cobalt ion transport

The directed movement of cobalt (Co) ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


ATPase-coupled monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + monocarboxylic acid(out/in) = ADP + phosphate + monocarboxylic acid(in/out).


polyphosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-diphosphate + H2O = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + phosphate.


ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O + glutathione S-conjugate(in) -> ADP + phosphate + glutathione S-conjugate(out).


bilirubin transport

The directed movement of bilirubin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


cysteine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cysteine from one side of a membrane to the other.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glutamate(out) + Na+(out) = glutamate(in) + Na+(in).


cellular response to cocaine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.


monoatomic anion transmembrane transport

The process in which a monoatomic anion is transported across a membrane. Monatomic anions (also called simple anions) are negatively charged ions consisting of exactly one atom.


SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein 2 isoform 1 (mouse)

An SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein 2 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


intracellular glutamate homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of glutamate within a cell.


cellular response to mercury ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.


caveolin-mediated endocytosis

An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into plasma membrane caveolae, which then pinch off to form endocytic caveolar carriers.


synaptotagmin-8 isoform 1 (mouse)

A synaptotagmin-8 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9R0N6-1.


Sec61 translocon complex

A translocon complex that contains a core heterotrimer of conserved alpha, beta and gamma subunits, and may contain additional proteins (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs); in budding yeast the core proteins are Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p. The Sec61 translocon complex functions in cotranslational and posttranslational translocation events.


cotranslational protein targeting to membrane

The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner, as does the import of some proteins into mitochondria.


aspartate transmembrane transport

The process in which aspartate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.


glutamate binding

Binding to glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.


amino acid binding

Binding to an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.


response to antibiotic

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.


positive regulation of synaptic transmission

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.


NAD transport

The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step.


forebrain astrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.


cochlea

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The spiral-shaped bony canal in the inner ear containing the hair cells that transduce sound. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. [WP,modified].


vitamin A metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene.


retinal metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.


beta-carotene metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-carotene.


xanthophyll metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.


phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: keto-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate.


mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.


CEACAM1b-4, signal peptide removed N-glycosylasparagine form (mouse)

A CEACAM1b-4 (mouse) that has had the signal peptide removed and that includes at least one N-glycosylasparagine.


astrocyte projection

A prolongation or process extending from the soma of an astrocyte and wrapping around neurons.


regulation of melanin biosynthetic process

Any process that alters the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.


organic substance transport

The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon.


regulation of cysteine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cysteine metabolic process.


regulation of glutathione biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutathione biosynthetic process.


regulation of glutamate metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate metabolic process.


glutathione transmembrane transport

A process in which glutathione is transported across a membrane.


response to redox state

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.


regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.


dipeptide import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of a dipeptide from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


clathrin-dependent endocytosis

An endocytosis process that begins when material is taken up into clathrin-coated pits, which then pinch off to form clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles.


positive regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.


sequestering of calcium ion

The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.


90S preribosome

A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.


ribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mature ribosome and of its subunits.


ribosomal subunit export from nucleus

The directed movement of a ribosomal subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.


maturation of SSU-rRNA

Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule.


ribosomal small subunit assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit.


hyperosmotic response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.


RNA polymerase III preinitiation complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.


positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III.


negative regulation of ascospore formation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.


Ctf18 RFC-like complex

A heptameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and plays a vital role in chromosome cohesion. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Ctf18p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, Rfc5p, Dcc1p, and Ctf8p.


maintenance of DNA trinucleotide repeats

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA trinucleotide repeats. DNA trinucleotide repeats are naturally occurring runs of three base-pairs.


telomere tethering at nuclear periphery

The process in which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery.


histone pre-mRNA stem-loop binding

Binding to a conserved stem-loop structure found in histone pre-mRNAs.


RecQ family helicase-topoisomerase III complex

A complex containing a RecQ family helicase and a topoisomerase III homologue (a member of the topoisomerase type IA subfamily); may also include one or more additional proteins; conserved from E. coli to human.


regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.


meiotic DNA double-strand break processing

The cell cycle process in which the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis.


gene conversion at mating-type locus

The conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another resulting from the recombinational repair of a site-specific double-strand break at the mating-type locus with information from a silent donor sequence. There is no reciprocal exchange of information because the mating-type locus copies information from the donor sequence and the donor sequence remains unchanged.


telomeric 3' overhang formation

The formation of the single stranded telomeric 3' overhang, a conserved feature that ranges in length from 12 nt in budding yeast to approximately 500 nt in humans.


negative regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.


regulation of DNA recombination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a DNA metabolic process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents.


patulin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of patulin, an acetate-derived tetraketide mycotoxin produced by several fungal species that shows antimicrobial properties against several bacteria.


mycophenolic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycophenolic acid (MPA). MPA is the first isolated antibiotic natural product in the world obtained from a culture of Penicillium brevicompactum in 1893.


ilicicolin H biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ilicicolin H, a 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloid that has potent and broad antifungal activities by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiration chain.


(M)-viriditoxin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (M)-viriditoxin, a fungal secondary metabolite with antibacterial activity.


novofumigatonin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novofumigatonin, a heavily oxygenated meroterpenoid containing a unique orthoester moiety.


Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)+ = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD(P)H + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 6-demethylsterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = sterigmatocystin + S-adenosyl-homocysteine.


fungal-type vacuole lumen

The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. An example of this structure is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


This is compound 5 in pmid:31045362


Phyllostine

An epoxide resulting from epoxidation of the 5-6 double bond of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (the 5S,6R enantiomer).


Gentisyl alcohol

An aromatic primary alcohol that is benzyl alcohol substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 5.


Isoepoxydon

A cyclic ketone that is (-)-phyllostine in which the carbonyl group which is furthest from the hydroxymethyl substituent has been formally reduced to give the corresponding secondary alcohol with S configuration. A metabolite of the patulin pathway in Penicillium urticae.


Ascladiol

A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 4 and a 2-hydroxyethylidene group at position 5 (the 5E isomer). A direct precursor of patulin in cell-free preparations of Penicillium urticae patulin-minus mutants J1 and S11, but not S15.


ARSB_HUMAN Arylsulfatase B (sprot)

An arylsulfatase B that is encoded in the genome of human.


is_a CHEBI:65055 is_a CHEBI:74241


Averufin

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-2,6-epoxyanthra[2,3-b]oxocine-8,13-dione substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at positions 7, 9 and 11 by hydroxy groups (the S,S-diastereomer)


Versicolorin B

An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 2,3,3a,12a-tetrahydroanthra[2,3-b]furo[3,2-d]furan-5,10-dione carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 6 and 8.


This is compound 6 in pmid:31045362


Semiviriditoxin

A naphthopyran that is 3,4-dihydro-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-1-one which is substituted by a 2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl group at position 3, a methoxy group at position 7, and hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 10 (the 3S enantiomer). It is produced by the fungus Paecilomyces variotii, isolated from the larvae of the mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae. The biological precursor of viriditoxin.


asnovolin K

A meroterpenoid with formula C26H36O6 isolated from the fungus Aspergillus novofumigatus. It is an intermediate produced in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the synthesis of novofumigatonin.


asnovolin J

A meroterpenoid with formula C26H38O5 isolated from the fungus Aspergillus novofumigatus. It is an intermediate produced in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the synthesis of novofumigatonin.


A hydroperoxy fatty acid that is (5E,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosa-5,7,10,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid carrying a hydroperoxy group at the 4S-position and a hydroxy group at the 17S-position.


A polyunsaturated fatty acid that is docosahexaenoic acid carrying a hydroperoxy substituent at 7S-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 17S-position


A hydroperoxydocosapentaenoic acid that is (8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosapentaenooic acid carrying two hydroperoxy substituents at positions 7 and 17. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


A docosanoid that is (4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying two hydroperoxy substituents at the 7S- and 17S-positions.


STS_HUMAN Steryl-sulfatase (sprot)

A steryl-sulfatase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSD_HUMAN Arylsulfatase D (sprot)

An arylsulfatase D that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSL_HUMAN Arylsulfatase L (sprot)

An arylsulfatase L that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSF_HUMAN Arylsulfatase F (sprot)

An arylsulfatase F that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSH_HUMAN Arylsulfatase H (sprot)

An arylsulfatase H that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSJ_HUMAN Arylsulfatase J (sprot)

An arylsulfatase J that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSI_HUMAN Arylsulfatase I (sprot)

An arylsulfatase I that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSK_HUMAN Arylsulfatase K (sprot)

An arylsulfatase K that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARSG_HUMAN Arylsulfatase G (sprot)

An arylsulfatase G that is encoded in the genome of human.


Isopatulin

A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 an 6 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. Also known as neopatulin, it is a mycotoxic substance produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species.


Versiconal hemiacetal acetate

An anthrafuran that is 2,3-dihydroanthra[2,3-b]furan-5,10-dione substituted at positions 2, 4, 6 and 8 by hydroxy groups and at position 3 by a 2-acetoxyethyl group. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of aflatoxin.