acetyl-CoA transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acetyl-CoA from one side of a membrane to the other. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.


biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: GDP-L-fucose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R = GDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1,3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,4)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-R.


Catalysis of the hydrolysis of the terminal alpha-glucosyl-(1,3)-mannosyl unit from Glc-Man(9)-(GlcNAc)(2) oligosaccharide component of the glycoprotein produced in the Golgi membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}-L-asparagine + GDP-L-fucose = N(4)-{N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->6)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl}asparagine + GDP + H+.


HNK-1 sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the synthesis of the HKK-1 carbohydrate epitope; adds a sulfate group to a precursor, GlcA-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-beta-(1->R), forming sulfo-3GlcA-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-GlcNAc-beta-(1->R).


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,4-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,3-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-1,2-alpha-D-mannosyl-1,6)-beta-D-mannosyl-R.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-R + CMP.


B4GT5_HUMAN Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 5 (sprot)

A beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FUT9_HUMAN 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 9 (sprot)

A 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B3GL1_HUMAN UDP-GalNAc:beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A UDP-GalNAc:beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CEGT_HUMAN Ceramide glucosyltransferase (sprot)

A ceramide glucosyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACATN_HUMAN Acetyl-coenzyme A transporter 1 (sprot)

An acetyl-coenzyme A transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B4GN2_HUMAN Beta-1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (sprot)

A beta-1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PMGT1_HUMAN Protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EMC5_HUMAN ER membrane protein complex subunit 5 (sprot)

An ER membrane protein complex subunit 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FUT3_HUMAN 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT3 (sprot)

A 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


An alpha-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATP7B_HUMAN Copper-transporting ATPase 2 (sprot)

A copper-transporting ATPase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MANEA_HUMAN Glycoprotein endo-alpha-1,2-mannosidase (sprot)

A glycoprotein endo-alpha-1,2-mannosidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


MGAT3_HUMAN Beta-1,4-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (sprot)

A beta-1,4-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


CHSTA_HUMAN Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10 (sprot)

A carbohydrate sulfotransferase 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CHST8_HUMAN Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 8 (sprot)

A carbohydrate sulfotransferase 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MGT5A_HUMAN Alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase A (sprot)

An alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase A that is encoded in the genome of human.


B3GT2_HUMAN Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 2 (sprot)

A beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B3GT4_HUMAN Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4 (sprot)

A beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FUT4_HUMAN Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 4 (sprot)

An alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FUT6_HUMAN 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT6 (sprot)

A 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FUT5_HUMAN 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT5 (sprot)

A 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FUT7_HUMAN Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 7 (sprot)

An alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FUT11_HUMAN Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 11 (sprot)

An alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FUT10_HUMAN Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 10 (sprot)

An alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MGT4C_HUMAN Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase C (sprot)

An alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase C that is encoded in the genome of human.


B4GT6_HUMAN Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 6 (sprot)

A beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MGT4A_HUMAN Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase A (sprot)

An alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase A that is encoded in the genome of human.


MGT4B_HUMAN Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase B (sprot)

An alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase B that is encoded in the genome of human.


B3GT5_HUMAN Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 (sprot)

A beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


B3GT1_HUMAN Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


Glucagon

A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.


Monascin

An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 3a,4,8,9a-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-g][2]benzopyran-2,9(3H)-dione that is substituted at positions 3, 6, and 9a by hexanoyl, (1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl and methyl groups, respectively (the 3S,3aR,9aR diastereoisomer). One of the azaphilonoid pigments in extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mould rice), it is a potent inhibitor of carcinogenesis measured against chemical- or UV-initiated, phorbol-promoted mouse skin tumours.


positive regulation of fatty acid transport

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid transport.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.


NEUM_HUMAN Neuromodulin (sprot)

A neuromodulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to diacyl bacterial lipopeptide

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diacylated bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.


RELB_HUMAN Transcription factor RelB (sprot)

A transcription factor RelB that is encoded in the genome of human.


fatty acid binding

Binding to a fatty acid, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


organelle

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.


phospholipid efflux

The directed movement of a phospholipid out of a cell or organelle.


ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized.


interleukin-1 alpha production

The appearance of interleukin-1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


cerebral cortex subventricular zone

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


specification of animal organ identity

The regionalization process in which the identity of an animal organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


amygdala development

The progression of the amygdala over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The amygdala is an almond-shaped set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe of the brain that play a key role in processing emotions such as fear and pleasure.


central gray substance of midbrain

Periaqueductal gray (PAG; also called the 'central gray') is the gray matter located around the cerebral aqueduct within the midbrain. It plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour. The ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG via the spinomesencephalic tract. The spinomesencephalic tract is so-named because the fibers originate in the spine and terminate in the mesencephalon, another name for the midbrain, the part of the brain in which the PAG resides. [WP,unvetted].


astrocyte of the cerebellum

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

An astrocyte of the cerebellum.


nephric duct morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephric duct are generated and organized. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.


leukocyte proliferation

The expansion of a leukocyte population by cell division.


nucleate erythrocyte differentiation

The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.


platelet morphogenesis

Generation and organization of a platelet, a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.


macrophage homeostasis

The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of macrophage cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.


regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.


plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.


negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process.


hemostasis

The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part.


PEX19_HUMAN Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 19 (sprot)

A peroxisomal biogenesis factor 19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PEX3_HUMAN Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3 (sprot)

A peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


medium-chain fatty acid transport

The directed movement of a medium-chain fatty acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A medium-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 6 to 12 carbons.


cellular detoxification

Any process carried out at the cellular level that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


negative regulation of ferroptosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ferroptosis.


gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A isoform 2 (mouse)

A gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A isoform 1 (mouse)

A gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


heteroduplex formation

The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.


protein flavinylation

The addition of a flavin group to a protein amino acid.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II, in the mitochondrial inner membrane.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)

A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.


negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.


ubiquitin-like protein peptidase activity

An isopeptidase activity that cleaves ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (ULP; e.g. ATG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO) from target proteins.


negative regulation of interleukin-18 production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.


dendritic cell dendrite assembly

Formation of dendrites, branched cellular projections (or cytoplasmic extension) that are extended from the surface of a dendritic immune cell, and which enable the cell to sample luminal pathogens and increase the surface area for antigen presentation to T cells.


nuclear pore transmembrane ring

A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that spans the nuclear membrane and anchors the NPC to the nuclear envelope. In S. cerevisiae, the transmembrane ring is composed of Pom152p, Pom34p, and Ndc1p. In vertebrates, it is composed of Gp210, Ndc1, and Pom121. Components are arranged in 8-fold symmetrical 'spokes' around the central transport channel. A single 'spoke', can be isolated and is sometime referred to as the Ndc1 complex.


central plaque of spindle pole body

One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the central plaque is embedded in the nuclear envelope.


spindle pole body localization

Any process in which a spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.


glucose mediated signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process in which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.


monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of cation from one side of a membrane to the other.


amino acid export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of amino acids from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


Bleomycin

A glycopeptide produced by the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus. The term, 'bleomycin' refers to a family of structurally related compounds. When used as an anti-cancer agent, the chemotherapeutical forms are primarily bleomycin A2 and B2.


Gentian violet cation

An iminium ion that is malachite green cation in which the hydrogen at the para- psition of the monosubstituted phenyl group is replaced by a dimethylamino group.


efflux transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a specific substance or related group of substances from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane.


intracellular polyamine homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of polyamine within a cell.


gamma-tubulin binding

Binding to the microtubule constituent protein gamma-tubulin.


sister chromatid segregation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.


negative regulation of microtubule polymerization

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.


karyogamy involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.


nuclear migration involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

The microtubule-based movement of nuclei towards one another as a prelude to karyogamy in organisms undergoing conjugation with cellular fusion.


protein localization to mitotic spindle pole body

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a mitotic spindle pole body.


protein localization to microtubule plus-end

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule plus-end.


mitotic spindle orientation checkpoint signaling

A signaling process that monitors and signals errors in the placement or orientation of the spindle in the cell. This delays the completion of anaphase until errors are corrected.


nuclear microtubule

Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell.


plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity

A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule toward the plus end, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


tubulin-dependent ATPase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate. This reaction requires the presence of a tubulin dimer to accelerate release of ADP and phosphate.


meiotic sister chromatid segregation

The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle.


plus-end specific microtubule depolymerization

The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the plus end of a microtubule.


regulation of mitotic spindle elongation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle.


spindle elongation

The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.


chromatin insulator sequence binding

Interacting selectively and non-covalently and stoichiometrically with a chromatin insulator sequence, a DNA sequence that prevents enhancer-mediated activation or repression of transcription.


snoRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.


midbrain morphogenesis

The developmental process by which a midbrain is generated and organized.


heart trabecula morphogenesis

The process of shaping a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.


vitellogenesis

The production of yolk. Yolk is a mixture of materials used for embryonic nutrition.


negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.


regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.


mesenchyme condensation cell

A mesenchymal cell in embryonic development found in a contracting mass and that gives rise to osteoprogenitors.


cerebellar cortex formation

The process that gives rise to the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.


placenta blood vessel development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


labyrinthine layer development

The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta progresses, from its formation to its mature state.


MBF transcription complex

A protein complex that binds to the Mlu1 cell cycle box (MCB) promoter element, consensus sequence ACGCGN, and is involved in regulation of transcription during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains a heterodimer of the DNA binding protein Mbp1p and the activator Swi6p, and is associated with additional proteins known as Nrm1p, Msa1p, and Msa2p; in Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Res1p, Res2p, and Cdc10p.


NUD19_HUMAN Acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase NUDT19 (sprot)

An acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase NUDT19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NUDT7_HUMAN Peroxisomal coenzyme A diphosphatase NUDT7 (sprot)

A peroxisomal coenzyme A diphosphatase NUDT7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


sulfur compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.


taurine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.


anatomical structure homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined anatomical structure of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.


skin morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.


olfactory placode morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the olfactory placode are generated and organized. The olfactory placode is a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.


olfactory nerve formation

The process that gives rise to the olfactory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.


detoxification of inorganic compound

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of inorganic compounds. These include transport of such compounds away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of inorganic compounds.


detoxification

Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of a toxic substance. These may include transport of the toxic substance away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of the toxic substance.


platelet dense granule membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense granule.


9-O-acetylneuraminic acid

The acetate ester of the primary hydroxy group of neuraminic acid.


N-acylsphingoid

A ceramide consisting of an undefined sphingoid base linked to an undefined fatty acid via an amide bond.


PILRA_HUMAN Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (sprot)

A paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


SLAF6_HUMAN SLAM family member 6 (sprot)

A SLAM family member 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PP65_HCMVA 65 kDa phosphoprotein (sprot)


KI2L1_HUMAN Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 (sprot)

A killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OX2G_HUMAN OX-2 membrane glycoprotein (sprot)

An OX-2 membrane glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


MO2R1_HUMAN Cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor 1 (sprot)

A cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI3L2_HUMAN Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL2 (sprot)

A killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PVR_HUMAN Poliovirus receptor (sprot)

A poliovirus receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLRG1_HUMAN Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 (sprot)

A killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXAR_HUMAN Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (sprot)

A coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


JAML_HUMAN Junctional adhesion molecule-like (sprot)

A junctional adhesion molecule-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


LAIR2_HUMAN Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 2 (sprot)

A leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD226_HUMAN CD226 antigen (sprot)

A CD226 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


SLAF7_HUMAN SLAM family member 7 (sprot)

A SLAM family member 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TACT_HUMAN T-cell surface protein tactile (sprot)

A T-cell surface protein tactile that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI3L1_HUMAN Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 (sprot)

A killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NR3L1_HUMAN Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 ligand 1 (sprot)

A natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 ligand 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD99_HUMAN CD99 antigen (sprot)

A CD99 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


BY55_HUMAN CD160 antigen (sprot)

A CD160 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI2L4_HUMAN Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4 (sprot)

A killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRTAM_HUMAN Cytotoxic and regulatory T-cell molecule (sprot)

A cytotoxic and regulatory T-cell molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLRD1_HUMAN Natural killer cells antigen CD94 (sprot)

A killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily D member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NKG2A_HUMAN NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein (sprot)

An NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


NCTR2_HUMAN Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2 (sprot)

A natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLM7_HUMAN CMRF35-like molecule 7 (sprot)

A CMRF35-like molecule 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLM2_HUMAN CMRF35-like molecule 2 (sprot)

A CMRF35-like molecule 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD22_HUMAN B-cell receptor CD22 (sprot)

A B-cell receptor CD22 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIRA5_HUMAN Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 5 (sprot)

A leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SH21B_HUMAN SH2 domain-containing protein 1B (sprot)

An SH2 domain-containing protein 1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIGL6_HUMAN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 6 (sprot)

A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SH21A_HUMAN SH2 domain-containing protein 1A (sprot)

An SH2 domain-containing protein 1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIRA1_HUMAN Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 1 (sprot)

A leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIRB5_HUMAN Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 5 (sprot)

A leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HEMA_I34A1 Hemagglutinin (sprot)

A hemagglutinin subtype H1 (Influenza A virus) that is encoded in the genome of the H1N1 strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934.


hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 isoform hCD34-F (human)

A hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P28906-1.


FCG2B_HUMAN Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b (sprot)

A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI2L2_HUMAN Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL2 (sprot)

A killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KI2L3_HUMAN Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL3 (sprot)

A killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIRA4_HUMAN Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 4 (sprot)

A leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLM6_HUMAN CMRF35-like molecule 6 (sprot)

A CMRF35-like molecule 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MICB_HUMAN MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B (sprot)

An MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRML2_HUMAN Trem-like transcript 2 protein (sprot)

A trem-like transcript 2 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIRA6_HUMAN Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 6 (sprot)

A leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLC4G_HUMAN C-type lectin domain family 4 member G (sprot)

A C-type lectin domain family 4 member G that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLM9_HUMAN CMRF35-like molecule 9 (sprot)

A CMRF35-like molecule 9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRML4_HUMAN Trem-like transcript 4 protein (sprot)

A trem-like transcript 4 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLM5_HUMAN CMRF35-like molecule 5 (sprot)

A CMRF35-like molecule 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRML1_HUMAN Trem-like transcript 1 protein (sprot)

A trem-like transcript 1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


GLCM1_HUMAN Putative glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (sprot)


PIANP_HUMAN PILR alpha-associated neural protein (sprot)

A PILR alpha-associated neural protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIRA2_HUMAN Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 (sprot)

A leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIRB4_HUMAN Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 (sprot)

A leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LIRB1_HUMAN Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (sprot)

A leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RAE1E_HUMAN Retinoic acid early transcript 1E (sprot)

A retinoic acid early transcript 1E that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLM1_HUMAN CMRF35-like molecule 1 (sprot)

A CMRF35-like molecule 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIG10_HUMAN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 (sprot)

A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIG12_HUMAN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 12 (sprot)

A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIG11_HUMAN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 11 (sprot)

A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ULBP3_HUMAN UL16-binding protein 3 (sprot)

A UL16-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPDC1_HUMAN Neural proliferation differentiation and control protein 1 (sprot)

A neural proliferation differentiation and control protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIGL8_HUMAN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 8 (sprot)

A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PILRB_HUMAN Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor beta (sprot)

A paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIGL7_HUMAN Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 (sprot)

A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


seryl-tRNA aminoacylation

The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. The seryl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of a serine-accetping tRNA.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of 5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)uridine residue.


An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group of N(2),N(2)-dimethylguanosine 5'-phosphate residue.


inosine 5'-phosphate(1-) residue

An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate function of inosine 5'-phosphate residue; major species at 7.3.


pseudouridine 5'-phosphate(1-) residue

An organic anionic group arising from the deprotonation of the phosphate OH group of pseudouridine 5'-phosphate residue.


positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


intestinal epithelial cell migration

The orderly movement of an intestinal epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.


negative regulation of growth hormone secretion

Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell.


negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.


EPHA2_MOUSE Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (sprot)

An ephrin type-A receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


EPHA3_MOUSE Ephrin type-A receptor 3 (sprot)

An ephrin type-A receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


EPHA8_MOUSE Ephrin type-A receptor 8 (sprot)

An ephrin type-A receptor 8 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


negative regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress.


cardiac right atrium morphogenesis

The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized.


negative regulation of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of planar cell polarity pathway involved in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis.


agglutination involved in conjugation with cellular fusion

The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions during conjugation with cellular fusion of a unicellular organism. An example of this process is agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


positive regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated DNA replication.


histone methyltransferase binding

Binding to a histone methyltransferase enzyme.


KMT2D_MOUSE Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


KMT2C_MOUSE Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (sprot)

A histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


histone H2AR3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H2A)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H2A)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H2A.


peptidyl-arginine N-methylation

The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.


trophoblast giant cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a trophoblast giant cell of the placenta. Trophoblast giant cells are the cell of the placenta that line the maternal decidua.


sebum secreting cell proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of sebocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A sebocyte is an epithelial cell that makes up the sebaceous glands, and secrete sebum.


transcription factor TFIIA complex

A component of the transcription machinery of RNA Polymerase II. In humans, TFIIA is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha (P35), beta (P19) and gamma subunits (P12).


ISWI-type complex

Any nuclear protein complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the imitation switch (ISWI) family. ISWI ATPases are involved in assembling chromatin and in sliding and spacing nucleosomes to regulate transcription of nuclear RNA polymerases I, II, and III and also DNA replication, recombination and repair.


monoatomic ion channel complex

A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective monoatomic ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.


poly-purine tract binding

Binding to a stretch of purines (adenine or guanine) in an RNA molecule.


intraciliary transport particle A binding

Binding to an intraciliary transport particle A (IFT A) complex.


N-formylglutamate deformylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-glutamate + formate.


lipid glycosylation

Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule.


spermatocyte division

The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids.


negative regulation of motor neuron apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron apoptotic process.


cellular response to progesterone stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.


positive regulation of membrane potential

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.


vesicle-mediated cholesterol transport

The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, or cholesterol-containing compounds, by membrane-bounded vesicles.


protein targeting to ER

The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.


sphingolipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


musculoskeletal movement

The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system.


thymidine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.


DNA synthesis involved in mitotic DNA replication

Any DNA biosynthetic process that is involved in mitotic DNA replication.


PTTG1_HUMAN Securin (sprot)

A securin that is encoded in the genome of human.


E2F3_HUMAN Transcription factor E2F3 (sprot)

A transcription factor E2F3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein homotetramerization

The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits.


COPRS_HUMAN Coordinator of PRMT5 and differentiation stimulator (sprot)

A coordinator of PRMT5 and differentiation stimulator that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of nucleosome disassembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.


chondrocyte morphogenesis

The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a chondrocyte.


establishment of protein localization to vacuole

The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole.


regulation of viral genome replication

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.


interferon receptor activity

Combining with an interferon and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


malate dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reversible conversion of pyruvate or oxaloacetate to malate.


malate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.


urate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.


Catalysis of the reaction: source of phosphate + oxaloacetate = phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 + other reaction products.


glycerol biosynthetic process from pyruvate

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, from other compounds, including pyruvate.


post-embryonic hemopoiesis

The stages of blood cell formation that take place after completion of embryonic development.


regulation of signaling receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.


regulation of protein catabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.


regulation of protein autophosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.


hexose mediated signaling

The series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hexose.


regulation of intracellular protein transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.


The removal of the ubiquitin group from a monoubiquitinated protein.


ROBO1_HUMAN Roundabout homolog 1 (sprot)

A roundabout homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UCHL5_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L5 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UCHL1_HUMAN Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (sprot)

A ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


actin cortical patch localization

Any process in which actin cortical patches are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells.


positive regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation.


PK3CB_HUMAN Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform (sprot)

A phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform that is encoded in the genome of human.


U119A_HUMAN Protein unc-119 homolog A (sprot)

A protein unc-119 homolog A that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell activation.


amacrine cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an amacrine cell, an interneuron generated in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the vertebrate retina. Amacrine cells integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. Amacrine cells lack large axons.


negative regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.


inositol phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.


inner cell mass cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell.


negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion export across the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of T cell migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell migration.


negative regulation of myoblast fusion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast fusion.


regulation of mitochondrial fission

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission is the division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.


negative regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.


RHOJ_MOUSE Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoJ (sprot)

A Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoJ that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


neuroepithelial cell-transforming gene 1 protein isoform 1 (mouse)

A neuroepithelial cell-transforming gene 1 protein isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


establishment of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a meiotic cell cycle.


tRNA gene clustering

The process in which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae.


establishment of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a mitotic cell cycle.


cilium assembly protein DZIP1 isoform m1 unphosphorylated 1 (mouse)

A cilium assembly protein DZIP1 isoform m1 (mouse) that lacks phosphorylation at the position equivalent to Ser-210. UniProtKB:Q8BMD2-1, Ser-210, PR:000026291.


meiotic recombination initiation complex

A protein complex that initiates the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) required for meiotic recombination. Consists of a protein that catalyses formation of the double-strand breaks (Spo11 in S. cerevisiae and Rec12 in S. pombe), and a number of accessory proteins.


Geranyl diphosphate(3-)

Trianion of geranyl diphosphate arising from deprotonation of the three OH groups of the diphosphate; major species at pH 7.3.


farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate.


A 3beta-sterol that is  zymosterol substituted by a 4alpha-methyl group.


Fecosterol

A 3beta-sterol having a 5alpha-ergostane skeleton with a methylidene group at C-24 and double bonds at the C-8 and C-24(28) positions.


isoprenoid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.


delta-Prenyl diphosphate

Trianion of prenyl diphosphate arising from deprotonation of the three diphosphate OH groups.


farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols.


isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates.


Ergosterol

A phytosterol consisting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.


A steroid acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-carboxyzymosterol, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A steroid acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4beta-methylzymosterol-4alpha-carboxylic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.


A 3beta-sterol having double bonds in the 5-, 7- and 22-positions and a methylene group at position 24.


A 3beta-sterol having double bonds in the 5- and 7-positions and a methylene group at position 24.


Zymostenol

A cholestanoid that is 5alpha-cholestane substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


Lathosterol

A cholestanoid that is (5alpha)-cholest-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.


A 3beta-sterol having the structure of desmosterol with an extra double bond at C-7--C-8.


malonyl-CoA decarboxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: malonyl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + CO2.


organic acid phosphorylation

The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into an organic acid.


fatty acid transmembrane transport

The process in which a fatty acid is transported across a membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: ATP(out) + ADP(in) = ATP(in) + ADP(out).


ADP transport

The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


anaerobic respiration

The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor.


phosphodiesterase decapping endonuclease activity

Catalysis of the removal of the cap from an unmethylated 5'-end capped RNA resulting in the release of the entire cap structure (GpppN) and a 5' monophosphorylated RNA.


mRNA 5'-diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the removal of a 5' terminal diphosphate from the 5'-triphosphate end of an mRNA, leaving a 5'-monophosphate end.


maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA

Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is independent of poly(A) tail shortening.


NAD+ diphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + H2O = AMP + NMN.


NADH metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside 2',3'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 2'-phosphate.


GTP-dependent polyribonucleotide 5'-hydroxyl-kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + 5'-dephospho-RNA = GDP + 5'-phospho-RNA.


positive regulation of translation in response to stress

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.


regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay.


APOA5_HUMAN Apolipoprotein A-V (sprot)

An apolipoprotein A-V that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRERF_HUMAN CREB3 regulatory factor (sprot)

A CREB3 regulatory factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


APOC2_HUMAN Apolipoprotein C-II (sprot)

An apolipoprotein C-II that is encoded in the genome of human.


cell death activator CIDE-3 isoform h1 (human)

A cell death activator CIDE-3 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q96AQ7-1.


FGF21_HUMAN Fibroblast growth factor 21 (sprot)

A fibroblast growth factor 21 that is encoded in the genome of human.


nuclear lamina

The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane.


potassium ion leak channel activity

Enables the transport of a potassium ion across a membrane via a narrow pore channel that is open even in an unstimulated or 'resting' state.


Kelch-containing formin regulatory complex

A protein complex that regulates actin cable formation, polarized cell growth, and cytokinesis in a formin-dependent manner. In S. cerevisiae the complex is composed of Bud14p and two Kelch family proteins, Kel1p and Kel2p.


regulation of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of formin-nucleated actin cable assembly. Formin-nucleated actin cable assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.


cytogamy

During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing. An example of this process is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.


mating-type alpha-factor pheromone receptor activity

Combining with the mating-type alpha-factor pheromone to initiate a change in cell activity.


positive regulation of receptor internalization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.


phospho sugar

Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid.


11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NAD+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADH + H+.


regulation of response to stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


dermal bone morphogenesis

The process in which bone which forms superficially in the organism are generated and organized.


FFAT motif binding

Binding to a FFAT motif, a short motif containing diphenylalanine in an acidic tract that targets proteins to the cytosolic surface of the ER and to the nuclear membrane by binding directly to members of the VAP (VAMP-associated protein) protein family.


endoplasmic reticulum polarization

The endoplasmic reticulum organization process that results in the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum being oriented in the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum polarization serves as a mechanism to compartmentalize cellular activities and to establish cell polarity.


regulation of intracellular lipid transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.


maintenance of cell polarity

The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.


actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex

A protein complex probably required for the internalization of endosomes during actin-coupled endocytosis. Links the site of endocytosis to the cell membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton, coordinating ARP2/3 stimulation at the later stages of endocytosis. Present in the late endocytic coat.


Arp2/3 complex binding

Binding to an Arp2/3 complex, a protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5).


future telencephalon

Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon.


central nervous system segmentation

Division of the central nervous system into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.


growth factor binding

Binding to a growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.


post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during post-embryonic development.


positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.


VEGFA_MOUSE Vascular endothelial growth factor A, long form (sprot)

A vascular endothelial growth factor A that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.


promoter-enhancer loop anchoring activity

Bridging together two cis-regulatory elements, colloquially referred to as promoters and/or enhancers, holding two loop anchors together to maintain a chromatin loop.


negative regulation of male germ cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation.


cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

The attachment of one cell to another cell via a cadherin, transmembrane proteins having repeating extracellular calcium ion binding domains.


positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.


chondroblast differentiation

The process in which a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes.


optic nerve morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.


sagittal suture morphogenesis

The process in which the sagittal suture is generated and organized.


anterior semicircular canal development

The progession of the anterior semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


lateral semicircular canal development

The progession of the lateral semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure.


lambdoid suture morphogenesis

The process in which the lambdoid suture is generated and organized.


substantia propria of cornea development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a substantia propria of cornea over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to an intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.


menarche

The beginning of the menstrual cycle; the first menstrual cycle in an individual.


developmental induction

A developmental process involving two tissues in which one tissue (the inducer) produces a signal that directs cell fate commitment of cells in the second tissue (the responder).


globus pallidus development

The progression of the globus pallidus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The globus pallidus is one of the basal ganglia involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.


Cul4B-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits.


TBPL2_HUMAN TATA box-binding protein-like 2 (sprot)

A TATA box-binding protein-like 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TCF7_HUMAN Transcription factor 7 (sprot)

A transcription factor 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


pulmonary myocardium development

The progression of the pulmonary myocardium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein.


atrioventricular node cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrioventricular (AV) node cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.


atrioventricular node cell fate commitment

The commitment of cells to atrioventricular (AV) node cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into AV node cells.


IgG binding

Binding to an immunoglobulin of an IgG isotype.


negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.


negative regulation of type I hypersensitivity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.


aggressive behavior

A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual.


phosphate ion transport

The directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


Seh1-associated complex

A GTPase-activating protein (GAP) complex that regulates TORC1 signaling by interacting with the Rag GTPase. In S. cerevisiae the complex contains Seh1p, Sec13p, Npr2p, Npr3p, Iml1p, Mtc5p, Rtc1p, and Sea4p.


negative regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.


negative regulation of pre-miRNA processing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.


positive regulation of pre-miRNA processing

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing.


TRUB1_HUMAN Pseudouridylate synthase TRUB1 (sprot)

A pseudouridylate synthase TRUB1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DDX21_HUMAN Nucleolar RNA helicase 2 (sprot)

A nucleolar RNA helicase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BAZ1B_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase BAZ1B (sprot)

A bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 1B that is encoded in the genome of human.


MBB1A_HUMAN Myb-binding protein 1A (sprot)

A Myb-binding protein 1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport.


negative regulation of pancreatic juice secretion

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pancreatic juice secretion, the regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine.


aldosterone secretion

The regulated release of aldosterone into the circulatory system. Aldosterone is a pregnane-based steroid hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney.


pre-mRNA intronic binding

Binding to an intronic sequence of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA).


trachea cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tracheal cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


lung smooth muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


bronchus cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.


ureter development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut.


metanephric nephron tubule formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of a nephron in the metanephros.


regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.


cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the heart.


heart valve formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.


positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostatic bud elongation

The multiplication of epithelial cells, contributing to the expansion of the primary prostatic bud.


regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis.


regulation of blood volume by renal aldosterone

The process in which the hormone aldosterone decreases the rate of diuresis and natriuresis resulting in increased blood volume.


steroid binding

Binding to a steroid, any of a large group of substances that have in common a ring system based on 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.


regulation of potassium:proton exchanging ATPase activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity.


mammary duct terminal end bud growth

The morphogenetic growth of the large, club-shaped terminal end of a mammary gland duct during prepubertal growth and during puberty.


caudate nucleus

Subcortical nucleus of telecephalic origin consisting of an elongated gray mass lying lateral to and bordering the lateral ventricle. It is divided into a head, body and tail in some species.


pallidum

Part of what are called the basal ganglia of the brain which consist of the globus pallidus and the ventral pallidum.


type 1 angiotensin receptor binding

Binding to a type 1 angiotensin receptor.


type 2 angiotensin receptor binding

Binding to a type 2 angiotensin receptor.


vasopressin secretion

The regulated release of vasopressin from secretory granules into the blood.


positive regulation of protein kinase C activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase C activity.


ovarian follicle rupture

Disruption of theca cell layer releasing follicular fluid and/or the oocyte.


renal response to blood flow involved in circulatory renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The physiological response of the kidneys to a decrease in blood flow.


peptide binding

Binding to a peptide, an organic compound comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.


AGTR2_MOUSE Type-2 angiotensin II receptor (sprot)

An angiotensin II receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.


positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.


ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase.


formin-nucleated actin cable assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.


Golgi-associated vesicle

Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.


Golgi to vacuole transport

The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole.


vacuolar transporter chaperone complex

A protein complex that contains four related proteins that have been implicated in several membrane-related processes, such as sorting of H+-translocating ATPases, endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking, vacuole fusion, vacuolar polyphosphate homeostasis and the microautophagic scission of vesicles into the vacuolar lumen. The complex is enriched at the vacuolar membrane, but also found in other cellular compartments, including the ER and the cell periphery. In Saccharomyces, the subunits are Vtc1p, Vtc2p, Vtc3p and Vtc4p.


polyphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.


regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


endocardial cushion fusion

The cell-cell adhesion process of mesenchymal cardiac cushion cells that contributes to the process of cushion shaping.


fructose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.


fructose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.


AL1A1_HUMAN Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (sprot)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


An apo carotenoid C35 terpenoid compound arising from oxidative degradation of the beta,beta-carotene skeleton at the 4'-position.


An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of 3-aminopropanal, formed by protonation of the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


Neurosporaxanthin

A monocarboxylic acid that results from the oxidation of the aldehyde group of 4'-apo-beta-carotenal to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid

A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is  indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.


CARD_NEUCR Beta-apo-4'-carotenal oxygenase (sprot)


3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-chloroallyl aldehyde + H2O = 2 H+ + 2 e- + 3-chloroacrylic acid.


9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.


D-xylose

Any xylose with D-configuration.


A primary alcohol that is pentan-1-ol bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 4.


sorbitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.


(ADP-D-ribosyl)(n)-acceptor

A generic representative substrate in the ADP ribosylation of proteins


A generic representative product of ADP ribosylation of proteins


protein auto-ADP-ribosylation

The ADP-ribosylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.


regulation of NAD metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NAD metabolic process.


negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ADP-ribosylation. Protein ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.


regulation of base-excision repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of base-excision repair.


PARPT_HUMAN Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase TIPARP (sprot)

A protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase TIPARP that is encoded in the genome of human.


development of secondary sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, testicular/penile enlargement, breast development and menstrual periods. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.


penetration of zona pellucida

The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.


galactose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.


LALBA_HUMAN Alpha-lactalbumin (sprot)

An alpha-lactalbumin that is encoded in the genome of human.


LARG1_HUMAN Xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferase LARGE1 (sprot)

A xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferase LARGE1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LARG2_HUMAN Xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferase LARGE2 (sprot)

A xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferase LARGE2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UDP-galactose transmembrane transport

The process in which UDP-galactose is transported across a membrane.


aldose 1-epimerase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose = beta-D-glucose. Also acts on L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose.


UDP-D-glucose

A UDP-sugar having D-glucose as the sugar component.


UDP-D-galactose

A UDP-sugar having D-galactose as the sugar component.


beta-D-GALACTOPYRANOSE

A D-galactopyranose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.


GALM_HUMAN Galactose mutarotase (sprot)

A galactose mutarotase that is encoded in the genome of human.


PGM2L_HUMAN Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase (sprot)

A glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


carbohydrate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.


galactitol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.


6PGD_HUMAN 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating (sprot)

A 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating that is encoded in the genome of human.


pentose biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.


xylulose 5-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose 5-phosphate.


D-ribofuranose

A ribofuranose having D-configuration.


2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate(2-)

Dianion of 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups; major product at pH 7.3.


angiotensin-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure

The process that increases the diameter of a blood vessel via the renin-angiotensin system.


Oxalate

A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of oxalic acid.


A dioxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 2,3-diketogulonic acid, and the major species at pH 7.3.


Conjugate base of L-threonic acid.


antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide.


galactoside binding

Binding to a glycoside in which the sugar group is galactose.


nucleoside phosphate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside.


carbohydrate derivative catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate derivative.


histamine secretion mediated by IgE immunoglobulin

Histamine release triggered by the binding of an antigen to an IgE immunoglobulin bound to the cell surface. An example is mast cell histamine degranulation as a result of exposure of mast cell-bound IgE to alder tree pollen.


histamine secretion by mast cell

The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells.


negative regulation of mast cell degranulation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.


A polyunsaturated fatty acid that is (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 17S-position. It is a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid in human blood and mouse brain, and serves as a precursor to 17(S)-resolvins.


regulation of endocytic recycling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.


purine nucleotide import into lysosome

The directed import of purine nucleotide from the cytosol, across the lysosomal membrane, into the lysosome.


mitochondrial tRNA 3'-end processing

The process in which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA in the mitochondrion.


ORC6_HUMAN Origin recognition complex subunit 6 (sprot)

An origin recognition complex subunit 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UGPA_HUMAN UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (sprot)

A UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.


inclusion body

A discrete intracellular part formed of aggregated molecules such as proteins or other biopolymers.


beta-D-Glucose 1-phosphate

The beta-anomer of D-glucose 1-phosphate.


SH2B adapter protein 1 isoform h2 (human)

An SH2B adapter protein 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9NRF2-2.


cholinesterase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylic acid anion.


nucleate erythrocyte maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.


glycogen debranching enzyme activity

Catalysis of the cleavage of branch points in branched glycogen polymers.


eosinophil migration

The movement of an eosinophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body.


autolysosome lumen

The volume that is enclosed within the autolysosome single-membrane.


LMBL1_HUMAN Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 (sprot)

A lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


diaphragm contraction

A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange.


ADCY6_HUMAN Adenylate cyclase type 6 (sprot)

An adenylate cyclase type 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADCY5_HUMAN Adenylate cyclase type 5 (sprot)

An adenylate cyclase type 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNB1_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNB1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNC2_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 2 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNS3_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily S member 3 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNS3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KCNG2_HUMAN Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily G member 2 (sprot)

A voltage-gated potassium channel KCNG2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CRYL1_HUMAN Lambda-crystallin homolog (sprot)

A lambda-crystallin that is encoded in the genome of human.


DCXR_HUMAN L-xylulose reductase (sprot)

An L-xylulose reductase that is encoded in the genome of human.


S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: glutathione N-hydroxysulfenamide + NADH + H+ = S-nitrosoglutathione + NAD+.


L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.


D-glucuronate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.


A peptide anion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of S-nitrosoglutathione.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-OH group act as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces a hydrogen or electron acceptor.


xylulose metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.


establishment of sister chromatid cohesion

The process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become associated with each other during S phase.


negative regulation of RNA polymerase III activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase III activity.


negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription by RNA polymerase II

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes mediated by RNA polymerase II.


branched-chain amino acid transport

The directed movement of branched-chain amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.


bradykinin catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide bradykinin.


AGTR2_HUMAN Type-2 angiotensin II receptor (sprot)

An angiotensin II receptor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


regulation of mechanosensory behavior

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanosensory behavior.


hemoglobin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization.


regulation of hepatocyte proliferation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.


double-stranded DNA helicase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate, in the presence of double-stranded DNA; drives the unwinding of a DNA helix.


forked DNA-dependent helicase activity

Unwinding a DNA helix containing forked DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis.


HMMR_HUMAN Hyaluronan mediated motility receptor (sprot)

A hyaluronan mediated motility receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitochondrial inner-outer membrane contact site

Sites of close apposition of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.


regulation of calcineurin-mediated signaling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcineurin-mediated signaling.


regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.


FDFT_HUMAN Squalene synthase (sprot)

A squalene synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase isoform h1 (human)

A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P04035-1.


ERG1_HUMAN Squalene monooxygenase (sprot)

A squalene monooxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


FPPS_HUMAN Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (sprot)

A farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


GGPPS_HUMAN Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (sprot)

A geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SCD_HUMAN Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (sprot)

A stearoyl-CoA desaturase that is encoded in the genome of human.


MVD1_HUMAN Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (sprot)

A diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


IDI1_HUMAN Isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase 1 (sprot)

An isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KIME_HUMAN Mevalonate kinase (sprot)

A mevalonate kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


TBL1R_HUMAN F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1XR1 (sprot)

An F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1XR1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TBL1X_HUMAN F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1X (sprot)

An F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1X that is encoded in the genome of human.


core histone macro-H2A.1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A core histone macro-H2A.1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


dermatan sulfate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


chondroitin sulfate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.


sialic acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of sialic acid from one side of a membrane to the other.


sialic acid transport

The directed movement of sialic acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


glucuronoside catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.


box H/ACA snoRNP complex

A box H/ACA RNP complex that is located in the nucleolus.


carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 sequence variant CEACAM1a (mouse)

A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (mouse) that is the protein product of allele a of the CEACAM1 gene in mouse. Example: PR:P31809-1.


ESCRT-0 complex

A protein complex required for the recycling of Golgi proteins, formation of lumenal membranes and sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into those membranes. This complex includes Vps1p and Hse1p in yeast and the Hrs and STAM proteins in mammals.


ATP export

The directed movement of ATP out of a cell or organelle.


nucleotide-excision repair factor 2 complex

One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad4p and Rad23p.


clathrin binding

Binding to a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles.


VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex

A multiprotein ATPase complex required for the efficient dislocation of ER-lumenal degradation substrates, and their subsequent proteolysis by the proteasome. In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins. In mammals, this complex includes a hexamer of VCP/p97 (a cytosolic ATPase) and trimers of each of its cofactors UFD1L and NPL4 (NPLOC4) (e.g. a 6:3:3 stoichiometry).


Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-L complex

A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.


RQC complex

A multiprotein complex that forms a stable complex with large ribosomal subunits (60S in eukaryotes and 50S in prokaryotes) containing stalled polypeptides and triggers their degradation (ribosomal quality control). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Rkr1p, Tae2p, Rqc1p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins.


Doa10p ubiquitin ligase complex

A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates membrane proteins with misfolded cytosolic domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Ssm4p/Doa10p.


replisome

A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.


Cdc48p-Npl4p-Vms1p AAA ATPase complex

A multiprotein ATPase complex involved in the release of polyubiquitinated proteins, including those damaged by oxidative stress, from the outer mitochondria membrane into the cytoplasm where they are presented to the proteasome for proteolysis, a process also referred to as mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD). In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Vms1p.


nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network

The continuous network of membranes encompassing the nuclear outer membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.


DNA replication termination

The process in which DNA replication at a replication fork ceases; occurs when the replication fork reaches a specific termination site or when two replication forks meet.


response to pH

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.


A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of GDP-D-mannose; major species at pH 7.3.


glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.


mast cell mediated immunity

Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a mast cell.


regulation of angiotensin levels in blood

The process that modulates the level of any of the various angiotensinogen proteolytic products in the blood. This occurs by the proteolytic cleavage of angiotensinogen, and its proteolytic products, to create a variety of active peptide hormones, such as angiotensin I and angiotensin II, as well as through the removal of these peptides from the circulation.