cranial nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.


trigeminal nerve development

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.


vagus nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.


glossopharyngeal nerve development

Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.


adenohypophysis morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the adenohypophysis are generated and organized. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.


muscle cell fate specification

The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.


abducens nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.


trigeminal motor nucleus development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal motor nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


spinal cord radial glial cell differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


regulation of endodermal cell fate specification

Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an endoderm cell.


hypochord development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta.


positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.


short term hematopoietic stem cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A hematopoietic stem cell capable of rapid replenishment of myeloerythroid progenitors and limited self renewal capability. This cell is Kit-positive, Sca1-positive, CD34-positive, CD150-positive, and is Flt3-negative.


response to activity

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.


NPHP4_HUMAN Nephrocystin-4 (sprot)

A nephrocystin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


angiomotin isoform h1 (human)

An angiomotin (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q4VCS5-1.


AMOL1_HUMAN Angiomotin-like protein 1 (sprot)

An angiomotin-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AMOL2_HUMAN Angiomotin-like protein 2 (sprot)

An angiomotin-like protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


protein glycosylation

A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.


HYALP_HUMAN Hyaluronidase PH-20 (sprot)

A hyaluronidase PH-20 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development

Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.


slow muscle cell

A muscle cell that develops tension more slowly than a fast-twitch fiber.


skeletal muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.


calcium ion import into cytosol

The directed movement of calcium ion into a cytosol.


cellular response to pulsatile fluid shear stress

Any response to pulsatile fluid shear stress that occurs at the level of a cell.


larval locomotory behavior

Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.


fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

A process in which force is generated within fast-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fast-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by fast time parameters, high force development and fatiguability.


slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction

A process in which force is generated within slow-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The slow-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by slow time parameters, low force development and resistance to fatigue.


endothelium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an endothelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells.


regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process.


regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.


angioblast cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an angioblast cell. Angioblasts are one of the two products formed from hemangioblast cells (the other being pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells).


positive regulation of lymphangiogenesis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphangiogenesis.


vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3

A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor that is a translation product of the human FLT4 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


intersegmental lymph vessel

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Lymph vessel that is located between the somites.


lymphoid system

The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system[WP].


lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation

The process in which a venous blood vessel endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a lymphatic vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of lymph vessels.


lymph vessel morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of lymph vessels are generated and organized. The lymph vessel is the vasculature carrying lymph.


regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway.


selective angioblast sprouting

The segregation of angioblasts into discrete arterial and venous vessels from one common precursor vessel.


microtubule plus-end

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability.


negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.


negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel.


inorganic cation transmembrane transport

A process in which an inorganic cation is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


actin ubiquitination

The modification of actin by addition of ubiquitin groups.


pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch

The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2).


vasculature of eye

Vasculature that is part of the eye region.


urorectal septum

The ridge of mesoderm covered with endoderm that in the early developing embryo partitions the endodermal cloaca into the primary urogenital sinus (ventrally) and the anorectal canal of the hindgut (dorsally); the urorectal septum eventually fuses with the cloacal membrane, dividing it into a dorsal anal membrane and a larger ventral urogenital membrane - this area of fusion is represented in the adult by the perineal body[MP].


presynapse organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a presynapse.


calcium import into the mitochondrion

A process in which a calcium ion (Ca2+) is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix.


negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.


A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.


Major microspecies at pH 7.3


8ODP_HUMAN Oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (sprot)

An oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase that is encoded in the genome of human.


microtubule associated complex

Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.


CA3 pyramidal cell dendrite

A dendrite of a hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell.


cytoskeletal regulatory protein binding

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Binding to a protein involved in modulating the reorganization of the cytoskeleton.


microtubule bundle formation

A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.


protein localization to axon

A process in which a protein is transported to or maintained in a location within an axon.


multipolar neuron

A neuron with three or more neurites, usually an axon and multiple dendrites.


interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform 1 (mouse)

An interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


PROM1_MOUSE Prominin-1 (sprot)

A prominin-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 2 isoform 2 (mouse)

A carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q925P2-2.


agrin isoform m1 (mouse)

An agrin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:A2ASQ1-1.


corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 isoform beta (mouse)

A corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 isoform beta that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


regulation of AMPA receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA selective glutamate receptor activity.


axonal spine

A spine that originates from the axon, usually from the initial segment.


dendritic spine membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendritic spine.


AMPA glutamate receptor activity

An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate and acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium, potassium, and, in the absence of a GluR2 subunit, calcium.


cellular response to ammonium ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus.


signaling receptor regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor.


positive regulation of endocytosis

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.


neurotransmitter receptor transport to plasma membrane

The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles.


regulation of protein targeting to membrane

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.


regulation of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AMPA glutamate receptor clustering.


neuron spine

A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck.


pyramidal layer of CA1

CA1 part of stratum pyramidale hippocampi.


dendritic spine maintenance

The organization process that preserves a dendritic spine in a stable functional or structural state. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.


dendritic spine organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a dendritic spine. A dendritic spine is a specialized protrusion from a neuronal dendrite and is involved in synaptic transmission.


inhibitory synapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an inhibitory synapse.


maintenance of synapse structure

A process that preserves the structural organistation and orientation of a synaptic cellular component such as the synaptic cytoskeleton and molecular scaffolds.


associative learning

Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect).


circadian sleep/wake cycle

The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.


response to interleukin-17

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-17 stimulus.


excitatory synapse assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an excitatory synapse.


locomotor rhythm

The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle.


glutamatergic neuron differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glutamatergic neuron.


spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion

Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the absence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.


hippocampal pyramidal neuron

A pyramidal neuron with a soma found in the hippocampus.


glutamate receptor clustering

The neurotransmitter-gated ion channel clustering process in which glutamate receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


neuroplastin isoform m2 (mouse)

A neuroplastin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P97300-2.


glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform Alpha-3K (mouse)

A glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 isoform 2 (mouse)

A glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


phrenic nerve

A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium.


tibial nerve

The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa to pass below the arch of soleus. In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common peroneal nerve and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot. Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum in company with the posterior tibial artery. [WP,unvetted].


neurofilament

A type of intermediate filament found in the core of neuronal axons. Neurofilaments are heteropolymers composed of three type IV polypeptides: NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H (for low, middle, and high molecular weight). Neurofilaments are responsible for the radial growth of an axon and determine axonal diameter.


protein localization to mitochondrion

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion.


glycine receptor clustering

The receptor clustering process in which glycine receptors are localized to distinct domains in the cell membrane.


smoothened signaling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the spinal cord that contributes to the process of a precursor cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.


medial motor column neuron differentiation

The process in which differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


visceral motor neuron differentiation

The process in which neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.


Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-aminoadipate + acetyl-CoA = N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate + coenzyme A.


neuromuscular synaptic transmission

The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse.


establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction

The biological process in which a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle is initially formed.


negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.


regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings.


ruffle assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork. The formation of ruffles (also called membrane ruffling) is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cdc42.


follicle-stimulating hormone receptor activity

Combining with follicle-stimulating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


osteoclast development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.


osteoblast proliferation

The multiplication or reproduction of osteoblasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoblast cell population. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.


regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages that are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.


positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation.


mitotic cleavage furrow formation

Any cleavage furrow formation that is involved in mitotic cell cycle.


microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.


egg activation

The process in which the egg becomes metabolically active, initiates protein and DNA synthesis and undergoes structural changes to its cortex and/or cytoplasm.


cortical granule exocytosis

The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a cortical granule by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. A cortical granule is a specialized secretory vesicle that is released during egg activation that changes the surface of the egg to prevent polyspermy.


proximal neuron projection

The portion of an axon or dendrite that is close to the neuronal cell body.


cilium disassembly

A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium.


regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.


fatty acid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell.


outer dynein arm

Outer arm structure present on the outer doublet microtubules of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. Outer dynein arms contain 2-3 heavy chains, two or more intermediate chains and a cluster of 4-8 light chains. Inner and outer dynein arms have different functions in the generation of microtubule-based motility.


regulation of cilium beat frequency

Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.


mucociliary clearance

The respiratory system process driven by motile cilia on epithelial cells of the respiratory tract by which mucus and associated inhaled particles and pathogens trapped within it are moved out of the airways.


striated muscle dense body

A vinculin-containing myofibril attachment structure of striated muscle that connects sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. In nematode body wall muscle, the dense body performs the dual role of Z-disk and costamere.


tubulin binding

Binding to monomeric or multimeric forms of tubulin, including microtubules.


negative regulation of motile cilium assembly

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly.


ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree

A ciliated columnar cell found in the trachea and bronchus. Vary from low to tall columnar; possesses up to 300 cilia at its surface, interspersed with long irregular microvilli with the cilia varying in length from about 6um in the trachea to about 4um in the terminal bronchioles; driving force of the ciliary current in the bronchial tree.


distal portion of axoneme

The portion of the axoneme that is close to the tip of the cilium.


radial spoke head

Protein complex forming portion of the radial spoke that is orthogonal to the elongated stalk and which projects towards the central pair of microtubules within the ciliary or flagellum axoneme.


microtubule nucleation

The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation).


centromere clustering

The process by which centromeres/kinetochores become localized to clusters.


establishment of mitotic spindle localization

The cell cycle process in which the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.


DASH complex

A large protein complex, containing around 8-10 subunits in yeast, including Duo1p, Dam1p, Dad1p and Ask1p. The complex forms part of the outer kinetochore, associates with microtubules when the kinetochore attaches to the spindle, and plays a role in spindle attachment, chromosome segregation and spindle stability.


mitotic spindle

A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules.


cytoplasmic microtubule

Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.


formin-1 isoform 2 (mouse)

A formin-1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q05860-2.


maintenance of rDNA

Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats.


rRNA pseudouridylation guide activity

Specifies the site of pseudouridylation in an rRNA molecule by base pairing with a short sequence around the target residue.


RNA folding chaperone

Binding to an RNA or an RNA-containing complex to assist the folding process.


double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 3 (mouse)

A double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. This form is produced by alternative splicing of isoform 1.


double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 4 (mouse)

A double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. Produced by alternative splicing of isoform 1.


gametogenetin isoform m3 (mouse)

A gametogenetin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q80WJ1-3.


nucleolar transcription factor 1 isoform UBF2 (mouse)

A nucleolar transcription factor 1 isoform UBF2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


LIAT1_HUMAN Protein LIAT1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the LIAT1 gene in human.


vitreous humor

A transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina.


positive regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.


negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.


response to (R)-carnitine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an (R)-carnitine stimulus.


cellular response to interleukin-7

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-7 stimulus.


UV-damage excision repair

A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).


pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repair

The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.


response to UV-B

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.


NAD+-histone H3S10 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-10 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H3.


NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of ADP-ribose groups to the serine-6 or an equivalent residue of the N-terminal tail of histone H2B.


structural constituent of chromatin

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of chromatin.


poly-ADP-D-ribose binding

Binding to polymeric ADP-D-ribose, a polymer that is composed of poly-ADP-D-ribose units linked through 1,2-glycosidic bonds at the ribose ring.


HPF1_HUMAN Histone PARylation factor 1 (sprot)

A histone PARylation factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1-like isoform h5 (human)

A chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 1-like (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q86WJ1-5.


APLF_HUMAN Aprataxin and PNK-like factor (sprot)

An aprataxin and PNK-like factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


reciprocal meiotic recombination

The cell cycle process in which double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a single or double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.


positive regulation of double-strand break repair

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair.


DNA replication factor A complex

A conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA and is required for multiple processes in eukaryotic DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination. In all eukaryotic organisms examined the complex is composed of subunits of approximately 70, 30, and 14 kDa.


regulation of nucleotide-excision repair

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleotide-excision repair.


ERCC4-ERCC1 complex

A heterodimeric nucleotide-excision repair complex that has endonuclease activity specific for bubble structures characteristic of certain DNA lesions. The subunits are known as XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1 in mammals, and Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae.


regulation of dopamine metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.


psychomotor behavior

The specific behavior of an organism that combines cognitive functions and physical movement. For example, driving a car, throwing a ball, or playing a musical instrument.


respiratory system process

A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.


mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I

A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.


cellular response to oxygen levels

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.


MHC class II protein complex

A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.


naive T cell

Mature T cell not yet exposed to antigen with the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD45RA-positive, and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD62L-high and CD44-low.


effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell

CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD127-positive, CD45RA-negative, CD45RO-positive, and CD25-negative.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.


macrophage apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues.


protein targeting to lysosome

The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein.


transitional one stage B cell differentiation

The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T1 stage B cells in the spleen. T1 stage B cells do not express either CD23 or CD21.


pore complex assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases.


regulation of lymphocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.


mature B cell differentiation

The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen.


negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.


activated T cell proliferation

The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus.


negative regulation of T cell proliferation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.


glycerophospholipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.


activation-induced cell death of T cells

A T cell apoptotic process that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen and is triggered by T cell receptor stimulation and signals transmitted via various surface-expressed members of the TNF receptor family such as Fas ligand, Fas, and TNF and the p55 and p75 TNF receptors.


phospholipid transfer to membrane

The transfer of a phospholipid from its site of synthesis to the plasma membrane.


positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation.


positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation.


dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell. A dendritic cell is a leukocyte of dendritic lineage specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.


proteoglycan sulfotransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + proteoglycan = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + proteoglycan sulfate. A proteoglycan is a glycoprotein whose carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


germinal center B cell differentiation

The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA).


plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.


chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production

The appearance of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


B cell homeostatic proliferation

The non-specific expansion of B cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of B cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.


germinal center formation

The process in which germinal centers form. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.


epithelial cell of alveolus of lung

An epithelial cell that is part_of a alveolus of lung.


response to nematode

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.


T-helper 2 cell cytokine production

Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T-helper 2 cell.


establishment of endothelial barrier

The establishment of a barrier between endothelial cell layers, such as those in the brain, lung or intestine, to exert specific and selective control over the passage of water and solutes, thus allowing formation and maintenance of compartments that differ in fluid and solute composition.


prostaglandin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.


positive regulation of viral life cycle

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.


lung epithelium development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung.


regulation of macrophage activation

Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of macrophage activation.


branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube

The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.


smooth muscle contraction

A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.


positive regulation of cell motility

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility.


lung vasculature development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs.


interleukin-33 production

The appearance of interleukin-33 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.


intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress

The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.


positive regulation of leukocyte migration

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.


club cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a club cell. A club cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles.


type II pneumocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type II pneumocyte. A type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies.


sterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


secretion by lung epithelial cell involved in lung growth

The controlled release of liquid by a lung epithelial cell that contributes to an increase in size of the lung as part of its development.


lateral sprouting involved in lung morphogenesis

The process in which a branch forms along the side of the lung epithelial tube.


positive regulation of peptide secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.


lung growth

The increase in size or mass of a lung. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.


epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis

The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the lung.


neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-positive bacterium

The directed killing of a gram-positive bacterium by a neutrophil.


cellular response to hyperoxia

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.


negative regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of wound healing connective tissue replacement, which may be replaced with fibrotic material, that occurs as part of an inflammatory response.


mononuclear cell proliferation

The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form.


adenosine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


lung saccule development

The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung saccule from an initial condition to its mature state. The lung saccule is the primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells.


advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform 1 cleaved and N-glycosylated 1 (mouse)

An advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform 1 cleaved 1 (mouse) that has the N-terminal Gln converted into pyroglutamate, and has N-glycosylation on two Asn residues. UniProtKB:Q62151-1, 24-329, Gln-24, MOD:01048|Asn-25/Asn-80, MOD:00160.


primary follicle stage

The stage in oogenesis when a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. The oocyte nucleus is large.


mRNA alternative polyadenylation

The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules with variable 3'-end length formation from a given pre-mRNA by differential use of cleavage and polyadenylation signals (pA signals).


regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alternative splicing of nuclear mRNAs.


RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 2 isoform m7 (mouse)

An RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8BP71-7.


lymphatic endothelial cell migration

The orderly movement of a lymphatic endothelial cell from one site to another in the wall of a lymphatic vessel.


pronephric glomerulus development

The progression of the glomerulus of the pronephric kidney over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pronephric glomerulus is part of the pronephric nephron and is restricted to one body segment.


rhombomere 6 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 6 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


rhombomere 5 development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 5 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.


regulation of axon extension

Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.


posterior lateral line ganglion

The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate the posterior lateral line system.


type 3 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)

An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is delicate and the dendritic tips appear small when compared with type 1 cells. The axon terminal is stratified and restricted to sublamina 2 of the inner plexiform layer.


posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.


negative regulation of axon regeneration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.


regulation of bone development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone development.


positive regulation of glial cell proliferation

Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.


protein localization to photoreceptor connecting cilium

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a photoreceptor connecting cilium.


regulation of establishment of protein localization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location.


ciliary transition zone assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone.


citrate synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O + oxaloacetate = citrate + CoA.


positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.


negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.


killing of cells of another organism

Any process in an organism that results in the killing of cells of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.


ISG15-protein conjugation

The covalent addition to a protein of ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein.


extraorganismal space

The environmental space outside of an organism; this may be a host organism in the case of parasitic and symbiotic organisms.


antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.


inferior vagus X ganglion

The large group of sensory neuron cell bodies, anterior to the jugular vein, associated with the vagus nerve (tenth cranial nerve).


zinc ion transmembrane transport

A process in which a zinc II ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


mechanosensitive monoatomic ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an monoatomic ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress.


regulation of epidermal cell division

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis.


stretch-activated, monoatomic cation-selective, calcium channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens in response to a mechanical stress in the form of stretching.


epidermal cell division

Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells.


facial nucleus

The group of motor neurons residing in the pons that innervate the muscles of facial expression.


cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron

A GABAergic interneuron whose soma is located in the cerebral cortex.


inferior cervical ganglion

The inferior cervical ganglion is situated between the base of the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra and the neck of the first rib, on the medial side of the costocervical artery. Its form is irregular; it is larger in size than the middle cervical ganglion, and is frequently fused with the first thoracic ganglion. [WP,unvetted].


extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane.


thigmotaxis

The directed movement of an animal in response to touch.


chloride transport

The directed movement of chloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


negative regulation of mRNA splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.


negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential

Any process that prevents the establishment or decreases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.


negative regulation of interferon-alpha production

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.


ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding

Binding to a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, any of the E2 proteins.


myeloid dendritic cell differentiation

The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.


regulation of immunoglobulin production

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.


T-helper 1 type immune response

An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin.


positive regulation of interleukin-12 production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.


hair follicle maturation

A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state.


microtubule minus-end binding

Binding to the minus end of a microtubule.


parathyroid hormone receptor activity

Combining with parathyroid hormone to initiate a change in cell activity.


histone deacetylase binding

Binding to histone deacetylase.


embryonic limb morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.


chondrocyte development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.


respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system

The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.


polysaccharide localization

Any process in which a polysaccharide is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


epithelial cell of small intestine

An epithelial cell of the small intestine.


insulin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving insulin.


face morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head.


negative regulation of fat cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.


secretory granule localization

Any process in which a secretory granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.


regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.


intracellular glucose homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of glucose within a cell.


myoblast fate commitment

The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.


negative regulation of organ growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.


embryonic genitalia morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized.


regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


cell communication by electrical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


maintenance of protein location in cell

Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.


cell communication by chemical coupling

The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.


cAMP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).


choline binding

Binding to choline, the amine 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium.


Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: choline(out) + Na+(out) = choline(in) + Na+(in).


spindle microtubule

Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.


salivary gland morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized.


somatic diversification of immunoglobulins

The somatic process that results in the generation of sequence diversity of immunoglobulins.


collagen trimer

A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.


regulation of chondrocyte differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.


fibrillar collagen trimer

Any triple helical collagen trimer that forms fibrils.


gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization

Any gene expression that is involved in extracellular matrix organization. Gene expression includes both transcription to produce an RNA transcript, and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included in gene expression when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.


peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 3-hydroxy-L-proline

The modification of peptidyl-proline to form 3-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase.


growth plate cartilage development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow.


extracellular matrix binding

Binding to a component of the extracellular matrix.


cytokine binding

Binding to a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.


glycosaminoglycan binding

Binding to a glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.


TGFA_MOUSE Protransforming growth factor alpha (sprot)

A protransforming growth factor alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones.


lens induction in camera-type eye

Signaling at short range between the head ectoderm and the optic vesicle that results in the head ectoderm forming a lens.


tongue development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.


pigment biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.


transcription repressor complex

A protein complex that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.


RNA polymerase II intronic transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding

Binding to an RNA polymerase II intronic DNA sequence that regulates the transcription of the transcript it is contained within.


germ-line stem cell population maintenance

Any process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of germ-line stem cells.


blastocyst growth

An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation.


ectodermal cell fate commitment

The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the ectoderm.


negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.


Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA containing cytosine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA containing 5-methylcytosine.


MKX_MOUSE Homeobox protein Mohawk (sprot)

A homeobox protein Mohawk that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


MTF1_MOUSE Metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (sprot)

A metal regulatory transcription factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


T2AG_MOUSE Transcription initiation factor IIA subunit 2 (sprot)

A transcription initiation factor IIA subunit 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform 1 (mouse)

A sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9WTN3-1.


aspartic-type peptidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which a water molecule bound by the side chains of aspartic residues at the active center acts as a nucleophile.


disruption of plasma membrane integrity in another organism

The disruption of the cell membrane of another organism, leading to damage or temporary subversion of the membrane.


membrane destabilizing activity

Binding to a membrane and increasing its permeability. This may lead to cell membrane lysis and cell content release.


symbiont cell surface

The cell surface of a secondary, endosymbiont organism with which the first organism is interacting. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.


lipid A(4-)

Tetraanion of lipid A arising from deprotonation of both phosphate functions  (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).


Muramyl Dipeptide

A glycopeptide that is N-propionyl-L-alanyl-D-alpha-glutamine in which the pro-R hydrogen of the propionyl group has been replaced by the oxygen at position 3 of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose. A peptidoglycan constituent of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.


cochlin N-terminal fragment (mouse)

A cochlin (mouse) that consists of the region upstream of LCCL domain (Pfam:PF03815) without the signal peptide. The fragment may or may not be glycosylated.


positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.


chorionic ectoderm

An extraembryonic structure that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a chorion.


olfactory cortex

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Aggregate brain region defined as those areas of cerebral cortex receiving direct synaptic input from the olfactory bulb (Price, 1973). It usually includes the piriform cortex and sometimes other areas.


flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + O2 = [protein]-disulfide + H2O2 using FAD as a cofactor, leading to formation of disulfide bridges in proteins.


double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity

Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of a double-stranded DNA molecule.


vitamin-K-epoxide reductase (warfarin-insensitive) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phytyl-2,3-dihydronaphthoquinone + oxidized dithiothreitol + H2O = 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone + 1,4-dithiothreitol.


Catalysis of the reaction: phospholipid + 1,2-diacylglycerol = lysophospholipid + triacylglycerol.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + dolichyl phosphate = UDP + dolichyl beta-D-glucosyl phosphate.


Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP + 2 H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.


deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of an acetyl group or groups from a substrate molecule.


Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + L-1-glycero-3-phosphocholine = glycerol-3-phosphate + choline.


Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol + NADP+ + H2O.


sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a dihydroceramide + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+ -> a sphingosine ceramide (aka (4E)-sphing-4-enine ceramide) + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O.


acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylglucosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine to a sugar.


arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity

Catalysis of an NADPH- and oxygen-dependent reaction that converts arachidonic acid to a cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.


7-dehydrocholesterol reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + NADP+ = cholesta-5,7-dien-3-beta-ol + NADPH + H+.


sphingosine N-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + sphingosine = CoA + N-acylsphingosine.


ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CDP-ethanolamine + a ceramide = CMP + a ceramide phosphoethanolamine.


3-dehydrosphinganine reductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + sphinganine = 3-dehydrosphinganine + H+ + NADPH.


carbohydrate kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a carbohydrate substrate molecule.


Catalysis of the transfer of an N-acetylgalactosaminyl residue from UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine to an oligosaccharide.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(P)+ = 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NAD(P)H + H+, where the acyl group is a long-chain fatty acid residue. A long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with a chain length between C13 and C22.


fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the conversion of a fatty acid to an alpha-hydroxylated fatty acid. A hydroxyl group is added to the second carbon, counted from the carboxyl end, of a fatty acid chain.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from reduced flavin or flavoprotein and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into one donor.


Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + H2O = D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + acetate. This reaction is the second step of the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), used to anchor various eukaryotic proteins to the cell-surface membrane.


Catalysis of the reaction: sphinganine 1-phosphate = phosphoethanolamine + palmitaldehyde.


Catalysis of the reaction: dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate + H2O = dihydrosphingosine + phosphate.


phytoceramidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: a phytoceramide + H2O = a fatty acid + phytosphingosine.


peptide-O-fucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-L-fucosyl residue from GDP- beta-L-fucose to the serine hydroxy group of a protein acceptor.


oxysterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: an oxysterol + NADPH + O2 = 7-alpha-hydroxylated oxysterol + NADP+ + H2O.


Catalysis of the reaction: 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H2O + NADP+.


cholesterol 24-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cholesterol + H+ + NADPH + O2 = (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol + H2O + NADP+.


cis-stilbene-oxide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: cis-stilbene oxide + H2O = (+)-(1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diol.


coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: coumarin + O2 + NADPH + H+ = hydroxycoumarin + H2O + NADP+.


fatty acid amide hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a fatty acid amide to yield a fatty acid.


Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain-alcohol + acyl-CoA = a long-chain ester + CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + acetate.


dolichyldiphosphatase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: dolichyl diphosphate + H2O = dolichyl phosphate + phosphate.


ABC-type manganese transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Mn2+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Mn2+(in).


short transient receptor potential channel 2 isoform 4 (mouse)

A short transient receptor potential cation channel TRPC2 isoform 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


short transient receptor potential channel 2 isoform 3 (mouse)

A short transient receptor potential cation channel TRPC2 isoform 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


TREX1_HUMAN Three-prime repair exonuclease 1 (sprot)

A three-prime repair exonuclease 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


VKOR1_HUMAN Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (sprot)

A vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TMM68_HUMAN Monoacylglycerol/Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (sprot)

A transmembrane protein 68 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DGAT1_HUMAN Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TMX1_HUMAN Thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 1 (sprot)

A thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ALG5_HUMAN Dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase (sprot)

A dolichyl-phosphate beta-glucosyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


DG2L6_HUMAN Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2-like protein 6 (sprot)

A diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2-like protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UD110_HUMAN UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 (sprot)

A UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PGAP1_HUMAN GPI inositol-deacylase (sprot)

A GPI inositol-deacylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACER1_HUMAN Alkaline ceramidase 1 (sprot)

An alkaline ceramidase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FA2H_HUMAN Fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (sprot)

A fatty acid 2-hydroxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SGPL1_HUMAN Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (sprot)

A sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DEGS1_HUMAN Sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase DES1 (sprot)

A sphingolipid Delta(4)-desaturase DES1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACER3_HUMAN Alkaline ceramidase 3 (sprot)

An alkaline ceramidase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KDSR_HUMAN 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (sprot)

A 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SAMD8_HUMAN Sphingomyelin synthase-related protein 1 (sprot)

A sphingomyelin synthase-related protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXB1_HUMAN Gap junction beta-1 protein (sprot)

A gap junction beta-1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


OFUT1_HUMAN GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DHB2_HUMAN 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (sprot)

A 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ARV1_HUMAN Protein ARV1 (sprot)

A protein ARV1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP39A_HUMAN 24-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 39A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP46A_HUMAN Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 46A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACSL1_HUMAN Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1 (sprot)

A long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NCPR_HUMAN NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase (sprot)

An NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase that is encoded in the genome of human.


HYEP_HUMAN Epoxide hydrolase 1 (sprot)

An epoxide hydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AAAD_HUMAN Arylacetamide deacetylase (sprot)

An arylacetamide deacetylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP343_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 3A43 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 3A43 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP4V2_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 4V2 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 4V2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FAAH1_HUMAN Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1 (sprot)

A fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AWAT1_HUMAN Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 1 (sprot)

An acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DHCR7_HUMAN 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (sprot)

A 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase that is encoded in the genome of human.


NPT4_HUMAN Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 4 (sprot)

A sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PAFA2_HUMAN Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 2, cytoplasmic (sprot)

A platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 2, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human.


S39A7_HUMAN Zinc transporter SLC39A7 (sprot)

A zinc transporter SLC39A7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OFUT2_HUMAN GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (sprot)

A GDP-fucose protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A beta-1,3-glucosyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


PMGT2_HUMAN Protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (sprot)

A protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SG196_HUMAN Protein O-mannose kinase (sprot)

A protein O-mannose kinase that is encoded in the genome of human.


B3GL2_HUMAN UDP-GalNAc:beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (sprot)

A UDP-GalNAc:beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A 3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase that is encoded in the genome of human.


VKORL_HUMAN Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 1 (sprot)

A vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PLPL6_HUMAN Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 6 (sprot)

A patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GDPD1_HUMAN Lysophospholipase D GDPD1 (sprot)

A lysophospholipase D GDPD1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PLPL7_HUMAN Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 7 (sprot)

A patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GDPD3_HUMAN Lysophospholipase D GDPD3 (sprot)

A lysophospholipase D GDPD3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GDPD5_HUMAN Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain-containing protein 5 (sprot)

A glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain-containing protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G6PC3_HUMAN Glucose-6-phosphatase 3 (sprot)

A glucose-6-phosphatase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G6PC2_HUMAN Glucose-6-phosphatase 2 (sprot)

A glucose-6-phosphatase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ALKMO_HUMAN Alkylglycerol monooxygenase (sprot)

An alkylglycerol monooxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


AT131_HUMAN Endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane helix translocase (sprot)

An endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane helix translocase that is encoded in the genome of human.


HACD1_HUMAN Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 1 (sprot)

A very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SOAT2_HUMAN Sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (sprot)

A sterol O-acyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP3A7_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 3A7 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 3A7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CERS1_HUMAN Ceramide synthase 1 (sprot)

A ceramide synthase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2CI_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C18 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2C18 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SOAT1_HUMAN Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A sterol O-acyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


G6PT2_HUMAN Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A1 (sprot)

A glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DHI2_HUMAN 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (sprot)

An 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MOGT2_HUMAN 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (sprot)

A 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HACD4_HUMAN Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 4 (sprot)

A very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NB5R2_HUMAN NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 2 (sprot)

An NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NB5R5_HUMAN NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase-like (sprot)

An NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


HACD2_HUMAN Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 (sprot)

A very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CERS6_HUMAN Ceramide synthase 6 (sprot)

A ceramide synthase 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NB5R4_HUMAN Cytochrome b5 reductase 4 (sprot)

A cytochrome b5 reductase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MOGT3_HUMAN 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 3 (sprot)

A 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CERS3_HUMAN Ceramide synthase 3 (sprot)

A ceramide synthase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SGPP2_HUMAN Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 2 (sprot)

A sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CERS5_HUMAN Ceramide synthase 5 (sprot)

A ceramide synthase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2W1_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2W1 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2W1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A2 isoform h2 (human)

A glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A2 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q8TED4-2.


CERS2_HUMAN Ceramide synthase 2 (sprot)

A ceramide synthase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MOGT1_HUMAN 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NOX5_HUMAN NADPH oxidase 5 (sprot)

An NADPH oxidase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DHRS4_HUMAN Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 (sprot)

A dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SGPP1_HUMAN Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 (sprot)

A sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ELOV4_HUMAN Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 (sprot)

An elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CERS4_HUMAN Ceramide synthase 4 (sprot)

A ceramide synthase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RDH14_HUMAN Retinol dehydrogenase 14 (sprot)

A retinol dehydrogenase 14 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP4FC_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 4F12 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 4F12 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HACD3_HUMAN Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 3 (sprot)

A very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NAT8_HUMAN N-acetyltransferase 8 (sprot)

An N-acetyltransferase 8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NAT8B_HUMAN Putative N-acetyltransferase 8B (sprot)

A putative N-acetyltransferase 8B that is encoded in the genome of human.


NB5R1_HUMAN NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 1 (sprot)

An NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACSL6_HUMAN Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 6 (sprot)

A long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACSL5_HUMAN Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 5 (sprot)

A long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of calcium ion binding

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion binding.


negative regulation of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import into sarcoplasmic reticulum.


regulation of the force of heart contraction

Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.


regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.


regulation of calcium ion import

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.


regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity

Any process that modulates the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.


negative regulation of heart contraction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.


regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction.


regulation of relaxation of muscle

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of relaxation of muscle.


relaxation of muscle

A process in which the extent of muscle contraction is reduced. Muscle relaxation can involve a number of processes including the removal of calcium from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen through the action of Ca2+ ATPases. In some muscles, calcium-independent pathways also play a role in muscle relaxation by decreasing the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain.


adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by a ligand binding to an adrenergic receptor on the surface of the target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


regulation of the force of heart contraction by cardiac conduction

A cardiac conduction process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.


regulation of muscle contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.


positive regulation of ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ATPase-coupled calcium transmembrane transporter activity.


planar cell polarity pathway involved in gastrula mediolateral intercalation

The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributing to the interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


protein catabolic process in the vacuole

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.


mediolateral intercalation

The interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.


negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.


receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell

Any receptor-mediated endocytosis that is involved in the uptake of a virus into a host cell; successive instances of virus endocytosis result in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell.


response to auditory stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auditory stimulus.


proacrosomal vesicle fusion

Fusion of the membrane of proacrosomal vesicle with the membrane of another proacrosomal vesicle to form the acrosome.


NCKX5_HUMAN Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 5 (sprot)

A sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


proteasome complex

A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation, found in eukaryotes, archaea and some bacteria. In eukaryotes, this complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core.


ruffle membrane

The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.


clathrin coat of coated pit

The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex.


nuclear matrix

The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.


granular component

A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains nearly completed preribosomal particles destined for the cytoplasm.


aggresome

An inclusion body formed by dynein-dependent retrograde transport of an aggregated protein on microtubules.


late endosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome.


apoptosome

A multisubunit protein complex involved in the signaling phase of the apoptotic process. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.


Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex

A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins including A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.


elastic fiber

An supramolecular fiber that consists of an insoluble core of polymerized tropoelastin monomers and a surrounding mantle of microfibrils. Elastic fibers provide elasticity and recoiling to tissues and organs, and maintain structural integrity against mechanical strain.


ribosome biogenesis

A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.


cellular response to zinc ion

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.


DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


replicative senescence

A cell aging process associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to telomere shortening and/or cellular aging.


intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.


miRNA processing

A process leading to the generation of a functional miRNA. Includes the cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.


cytoplasmic sequestering of protein

The selective interaction of a protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport into other areas of the cell.


mitotic recombination

The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region that occurs during mitotic cell cycles.


SUMO binding

Binding to the small ubiquitin-like protein SUMO.


integrin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.


protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere

A process that prevents non-homologous end joining at telomere, thereby ensuring that telomeres do not fuse.


apoptotic mitochondrial changes

The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis.