(M)-viriditoxin

A dimethyl 2,2'-(9,9',10,10'-tetrahydroxy-7,7'-dimethoxy-1,1'-dioxo-3,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-[6,6'-binaphtho[2,3-c]pyran]-3,3'-diyl)diacetate  in which the the 3 and 3' positions (bearing the 2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl (CH2CO2Me) groups) both have S configuration, while the 6 and 6' positions (where the binaphthopyran units are linked) have Ra configuration (the M atropisomer). It has been isolated from the fungi Aspergillus viridinutans and the fungus Paecilomyces variotii derived from the inner tissues of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai.


A meroterpenoid with formula C25H34O6 isolated from the fungus Aspergillus novofumigatus. It is an intermediate produced in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the synthesis of novofumigatonin.


A dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid (DiHDPE) that is (8Z,15E,19Z)-docosa-8,10,13,15,19-pentaenoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 17. An intermediate of specialized proresolving mediators


S-substituted glutathione(1-)

A peptide anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups and concomitant protonation of the amino group of any S-substituted glutathione. Major structure at pH 7.3


PATJ_PENEN Probable oxidoreductase patJ (sprot)


PATO_PENEN FAD-linked oxidoreductase patO (sprot)


ILIA_NEOS2 Hybrid PKS-NRPS synthetase iliA (sprot)


ILIC_NEOS2 Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase iliC (sprot)


ICCC_TALVA Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase iccC (sprot)


ICCA_TALVA Hybrid PKS-NRPS synthetase iccA (sprot)


AFLL_ASPPU Versicolorin B desaturase (sprot)


ZEB1_GIBZE FAD-linked oxidoreductase ZEB1 (sprot)


VDTF1_BYSSP Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase VdtF (sprot)


VDTB1_BYSSP Multicopper oxidase VdtB (sprot)


NVFH_ASPN1 Chermesin D/asnovolin J monooxidase nvfH (sprot)


NVFC_ASPN1 Asnovolin H dehydrogenase nvfC (sprot)


NVFF_ASPN1 Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase nvfF (sprot)


NVFI_ASPN1 Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase nvfI (sprot)


NVFE_ASPN1 Fumigatonoid B endoperoxide isomerase nvfE (sprot)


NVFM_ASPN1 Asnovolin J 5',6'-dehydrogenase nvfM (sprot)


ILIB_NEOS2 Trans-enoyl reductase iliB (sprot)


AFLN_ASPPU Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase aflN (sprot)


vacuolar protein processing

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Protein processing that takes place in the vacuole. Most protein processing in the vacuole represents proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes.


retrograde axonal protein transport

The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons.


gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform 1 (human)

A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


branchiomeric skeletal muscle development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish.


regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process.


UDP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.


UMP kinase activity

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + UMP = ADP + UDP.


PYR1_HUMAN CAD protein (sprot)

A CAD protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


hypotonic salinity response

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.


central canal development

The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the central canal of the spinal cord from its formation to the mature structure. The central canal is a spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord.


regulation of microtubule polymerization

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.


chondrocyte activation

A change in the morphology or behavior of a chondrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.


Zwitterionic form of L-kynurenine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.


Mepyramine

An ethylenediamine derivative that is  ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.


An S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in which the dichlorovinyl group has cis- (Z-) geometry.


A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of  arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.


A member of the class of imidazoles carrying 4-methylsulfinylphenyl, 4-pyridyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 2, 4 and 5 respectively. An inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase.


A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.


Ginsenoside B2

A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.


An organic heterotricyclic compound that is [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-f][1,6]naphthyridin-3(2H)-one substituted at positions 8 and 9 respectively by 4-(1-aminocyclobutyl)phenyl and phenyl groups.


Geranylgeraniol

A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.


A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which a hydrogen of the primary amino group is substituted by a (1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl group and the ring NH group is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorobenzyl group. It is a potent and selective human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.44 nM) which was in clinical development for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.


alpha-Viniferin

A nine-membered macrocycle that incorporates three 6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuranyl moieties as part of the cyclic skeleton. It is isolated from Caragana chamlague Lamarck and exhibits significant inhibitory effect towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7).


cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB

The selective interaction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.


regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.


suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I

Any viral process that inhibits a host antigen-presenting cell expressing a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I transmembrane protein complex. One mechanism of suppression is by direct inhibition of host tapasin, a type I transmembrane protein essential for the optimal expression of stable MHC class I molecules on the host cell surface. By inhibiting host tapasin activity, viruses can prevent presentation of their antigens at the cell surface, and thereby evade the host anti-viral immune response.


regulation of vesicle-mediated transport

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell.


host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The lipid bilayer surrounding the host cell endoplasmic reticulum.


corrinoid

A derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced or partly reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three =C- groups and one direct carbon-carbon bond linking alpha positions.


triacyl lipopeptide

A lipopeptide containing a nonprotein moiety consisting of three acyl groups.


Adenosylcobalamin

A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.


MMAA_HUMAN Methylmalonic aciduria type A protein, mitochondrial (sprot)

A methylmalonic aciduria type A, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HECTD1 ubiquitinated 1 (mouse)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HECTD1 (mouse) that has been cross-linked to K63-linked polyubiquitin on one or more Lys residues by autocatalysis.


LY96_HUMAN Lymphocyte antigen 96 (sprot)

A lymphocyte antigen 96 that is encoded in the genome of human.


epithelial cell morphogenesis involved in gastrulation

The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from it initial formation to its mature state, contributing to the process of gastrulation.


hatching gland development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hatching gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process.


hatching

The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure.


A cyclic purine dinucleotide that is the 3',5'-cyclic dimer of MP.


An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of c-GMP-AMP; major species at pH 7.3.


IF16_HUMAN Gamma-interferon-inducible protein 16 (sprot)

A gamma-interferon-inducible protein 16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


locomotion

Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.


sleep

Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.


directional locomotion

Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another along an axis.


group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity

A G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD) and inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.


terminal cisterna

The portion of sarcoplasmic reticulum devoted to calcium ion storage and calcium ion release.


intracellular protein transmembrane transport

The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


regulation of glucose import

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.


leucine zipper domain binding

Binding to a leucine zipper domain, a protein secondary structure exhibiting a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns.


kainate selective glutamate receptor complex

An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. Kainate receptors are multimeric assemblies of GluK1-3 (also called GluR5-7), GluK4 (KA1) and GluK5 (KA2) subunits.


positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.


connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing

The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared, as part of an inflammatory response.


negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.


ITB1_HUMAN Integrin beta-1 (sprot)

An integrin beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


STX3_HUMAN Syntaxin-3 (sprot)

A syntaxin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BCL2_HUMAN Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (sprot)

An apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OPRM_HUMAN Mu-type opioid receptor (sprot)

A mu-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD4_HUMAN T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 (sprot)

A CD4 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


NANOG_HUMAN Homeobox protein NANOG (sprot)

A homeobox protein NANOG that is encoded in the genome of human.


CEBPD_HUMAN CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (sprot)

A CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta that is encoded in the genome of human.


S1PR1_HUMAN Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (sprot)

A sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL34_HUMAN Interleukin-34 (sprot)

An interleukin-34 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL32_HUMAN Interleukin-32 (sprot)

An interleukin-32 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TXLNA_HUMAN Alpha-taxilin (sprot)

An alpha-taxilin that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNL1_HUMAN Interferon lambda-1 (sprot)

An interleukin-29 that is encoded in the genome of human.


INLR1_HUMAN Interferon lambda receptor 1 (sprot)

An interleukin-28 receptor alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


LEG9_HUMAN Galectin-9 (sprot)

A galectin-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CSF2R_HUMAN Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha (sprot)

A granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


PGH2_HUMAN Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (sprot)

A prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ONCM_HUMAN Oncostatin-M (sprot)

An oncostatin-M that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL13_HUMAN Interleukin-13 (sprot)

An interleukin-13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AOFA_HUMAN Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A (sprot)

An amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A that is encoded in the genome of human.


I13R2_HUMAN Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (sprot)

An interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


I13R1_HUMAN Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-1 (sprot)

An interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BCL6_HUMAN B-cell lymphoma 6 protein (sprot)

A B-cell lymphoma 6 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PO2F1_HUMAN POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 (sprot)

A POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL26_HUMAN Interleukin-26 (sprot)

An interleukin-26 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL20_HUMAN Interleukin-20 (sprot)

An interleukin-20 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL24_HUMAN Interleukin-24 (sprot)

An interleukin-24 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL19_HUMAN Interleukin-19 (sprot)

An interleukin-19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


I22R2_HUMAN Interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-2 (sprot)

An interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


I20RB_HUMAN Interleukin-20 receptor subunit beta (sprot)

An interleukin-20 receptor subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


I20RA_HUMAN Interleukin-20 receptor subunit alpha (sprot)

An interleukin-20 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


TWST1_HUMAN Twist-related protein 1 (sprot)

A twist-related protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL23R_HUMAN Interleukin-23 receptor (sprot)

An interleukin-23 receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


THOC5_HUMAN THO complex subunit 5 homolog (sprot)

A THO complex subunit 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LAMA5_HUMAN Laminin subunit alpha-5 (sprot)

A laminin subunit alpha-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SOCS5_HUMAN Suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 (sprot)

A suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IGHE_HUMAN Immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon (sprot)

An immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human.


IGHG1_HUMAN Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (sprot)

An immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IGHG4_HUMAN Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 4 (sprot)

An immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITB2_HUMAN Integrin beta-2 (sprot)

An integrin beta-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITAM_HUMAN Integrin alpha-M (sprot)

An integrin alpha-M that is encoded in the genome of human.


ITAX_HUMAN Integrin alpha-X (sprot)

An integrin alpha-X that is encoded in the genome of human.


ZEB1_HUMAN Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (sprot)

A zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


OPRD_HUMAN Delta-type opioid receptor (sprot)

A delta-type opioid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


RORG_HUMAN Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma (sprot)

A nuclear receptor ROR-gamma that is encoded in the genome of human.


CCL11_HUMAN Eotaxin (sprot)

An eotaxin that is encoded in the genome of human.


NGAL_HUMAN Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (sprot)

A neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin that is encoded in the genome of human.


MCL1_HUMAN Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 (sprot)

An induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BATF_HUMAN Basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like (sprot)

A basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like that is encoded in the genome of human.


FSCN1_HUMAN Fascin (sprot)

A fascin that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNL3_HUMAN Interferon lambda-3 (sprot)

An interleukin-28B that is encoded in the genome of human.


IFNL2_HUMAN Interferon lambda-2 (sprot)

An interleukin-28A that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL17F_HUMAN Interleukin-17F (sprot)

An interleukin-17F that is encoded in the genome of human.


NECD_HUMAN Necdin (sprot)

A necdin that is encoded in the genome of human.


The portion of the spectrin-associated cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.


structural constituent of postsynapse

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a postsynapse.


astrocyte end-foot

Terminal process of astrocyte abutting non-neuronal surfaces in the brain.


positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation

Any process that increases the frequency or rate of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.


D-aspartate import across plasma membrane

The directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


ferric-chelate reductase (NADPH) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 2 Fe3+-siderophore + NADP+ + H+ -> 2 Fe2+-siderophore + NADPH.


protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX.


neutral L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of neutral L-amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Neutral amino acids have side chains with no charge at pH 7.3.


serine import across plasma membrane

The directed movement of serine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.


regulation of cell activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.


gamma-Glutamylcysteine

A molecular entity formed when L-cysteine amino group binds to the gamma-carbonyl of L-glutamic acid.


sterol transport

The directed movement of sterols into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.


cholesterol storage

The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


cyclodextrin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclodextrin.


cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus.


Nitrate

A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. Principal species present at pH 7.3.


AQP6_HUMAN Aquaporin-6 (sprot)

An aquaporin-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration

A G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane, that is involved in regulating the cytosolic concentration of calcium ions in the postsynapse.


membrane-bounded organelle

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.


amyloid-beta metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP).


positive regulation of coagulation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation.


T cell activation involved in immune response

The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.


regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of EGF-activated receptor activity.


positive regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate import into a cell.


segmentation

The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis.


synaptic vesicle targeting

The process in which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.


Cajal-Retzius cell differentiation

The process in which a neuroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Cajal-Retzius cell, one of a transient population of pioneering neurons in the cerebral cortex. These cells are slender bipolar cells of the developing marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene.


regulation of phosphate transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphate transport. Phosphate transport is the directed movement of phosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


intracellular nitric oxide homeostasis

A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of nitric oxide within a cell.


vasoconstriction

A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels, especially arteries, due to constriction of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually causing an increase in blood pressure.


negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.


negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.


negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.


negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT.


positive regulation of vasoconstriction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.


regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal

The regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


inhibition of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

Any process that prevents the activation of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in an apoptotic process.


SP17_MOUSE Sperm surface protein Sp17 (sprot)

A sperm surface protein Sp17 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


KAP2_MOUSE cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit (sprot)

A cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


reuniens nucleus

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent


thalamic reticular nucleus

The thalamic reticular nucleus is part of the ventral thalamus that forms a capsule around the thalamus laterally. It is separated from the thalamus by the external medullary lamina. Reticular cells are GABAergic, and have discoid dendritic arbors in the plane of the nucleus. Thalamic Reticular Nucleus is variously abbreviated TRN, RTN, NRT, and RT. [WP,unvetted].


lateral nuclear group of thalamus

The lateral nuclear group is a collection of nuclei on the lateral side of the thalamus. According to MeSH, it consists of the following: lateral dorsal nucleus lateral posterior nucleus pulvinar [WP,unvetted].


C-rich single-stranded DNA binding

Binding to C-rich, single-stranded DNA.


protein retention in Golgi apparatus

The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known.


late endosome to vacuole transport

The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the vacuole. In yeast, after transport to the prevacuolar compartment, endocytic content is delivered to the late endosome and on to the vacuole. This pathway is analogous to endosome to lysosome transport.


intralumenal vesicle formation

The invagination of the endosome membrane and resulting formation of a vesicle within the lumen of the endosome.


TRXR1_HUMAN Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic (sprot)

A thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRDM1_HUMAN PR domain zinc finger protein 1 (sprot)

A PR domain zinc finger protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAFK_HUMAN Transcription factor MafK (sprot)

A transcription factor MafK that is encoded in the genome of human.


MAFG_HUMAN Transcription factor MafG (sprot)

A transcription factor MafG that is encoded in the genome of human.


GSH0_HUMAN Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (sprot)

A glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


GSH1_HUMAN Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (sprot)

A glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit that is encoded in the genome of human.


XCT_HUMAN Cystine/glutamate transporter (sprot)

A cystine/glutamate transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.


H2B2E_HUMAN Histone H2B type 2-E (sprot)

A histone H2B type 2-E that is encoded in the genome of human.


H2B2F_HUMAN Histone H2B type 2-F (sprot)

A histone H2B type 2-F that is encoded in the genome of human.


H2B3B_HUMAN Histone H2B type 3-B (sprot)

A histone H2B type 3-B that is encoded in the genome of human.


N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation

The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins.


glutaminase complex

A protein complex which is capable of glutaminase activity.


pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase (glutamine hydrolysing) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + L-glutamine = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + L-glutamate + 3 H2O + phosphate. The reaction occurs in two steps: L-glutamine + H2O = L-glutamate + NH3, and subsequently D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NH3 = pyridoxal 5'-phosphate + 4 H2O + phosphate.


pyridoxine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.


vitamin B6 biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.


'de novo' pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from simpler components.


positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.


positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding.


negative regulation of protein import into nucleus during spindle assembly checkpoint

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and that occurs as a response to the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint. In S. cerevisiae, this process involves inhibition of the karyopherin/importin Kap121p (also known as Pse1p), which acts as the specific nuclear import receptor for several proteins, including Glc7p. Glc7p functions in opposition to key spindle assembly checkpoint protein Aurora kinase (Ipl1p).


septin ring

A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament-forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. This type of septin structure is observed at the bud neck of budding fungal cells, at the site of cell division in animal cells, at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection, and also within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form.


DNA double-strand break attachment to nuclear envelope

A process in which the DNA double-strand breaks are attached to the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body, or iMTOCs.


rRNA primary transcript binding

Binding to an unprocessed ribosomal RNA transcript.


endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 5'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (5'-ETS) and the 5' end of the SSU-rRNA of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.


DNA hairpin binding

Binding to a DNA region containing a hairpin. A hairpin structure forms when a DNA strand folds back on itself and intrachain base pairing occurs between inverted repeat sequences.


mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A signal transduction process that contributes to a mitotic DNA replication checkpoint.


positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.


positive regulation of DNA helicase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


heteromeric SMAD protein complex

A protein complex composed of SMAD family proteins, a transcription factor complex which binds to the promoters of target genes and recruits co-activators and histone acetyltransferases, facilitating transcription. Phosphorylation of the non-SMAD4 subunit(s) enables binding of SMAD4 to form heteromeric complexes that enter the nucleus to initiate gene transcription. DNA-binding specificity is conferred by other transcription factors binding to SMAD complexes. Interactions with coactivators or corepressors modulate their transcriptional activity. Can be heterotrimeric or heterodimeric.


trehalose transport

The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Trehalose is a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.


cell wall-bounded periplasmic space

The region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall in organisms lacking an outer cell membrane such as yeast and Gram positive bacteria. The region is thinner than the equivalent in Gram negative bacteria.


trehalose catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.


Trehalose

A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.


core mediator complex

A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The core mediator complex has a stimulatory effect on basal transcription, and contains most of the same subdomains as the larger form of mediator complex -- a head domain comprising proteins known in Saccharomyces as Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; and a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p -- but lacks the regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan core mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.


meiotic gene conversion

The cell cycle process in which genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele.


1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the splitting and linkage of (1->3)-beta-D-glucan molecules, resulting in (1->3)-beta-D-glucan chain elongation.


fungal-type cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells.


regulation of exocytosis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.


regulation of establishment of cell polarity

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of cell polarity.


ligand-activated transcription factor activity

A DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulated by binding to a ligand and that modulates the transcription of specific gene sets. Examples include the lac and trp repressors in E.coli and steroid hormone receptors.


cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.


regulation of response to oxidative stress

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress.


swim bladder inflation

The expansion of the swim bladder by trapped gases. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.


cardiac conduction system development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.


negative regulation of heart rate

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


chromosome passenger complex

A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that localizes to kinetochores in early mitosis, the spindle mid-zone in anaphase B and to the telophase midbody. It has been proposed that the passenger complex coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. Complex members include the BIR-domain-containing protein Survivin, Aurora kinase, INCENP and Borealin.


mitotic spindle elongation

The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. Mitotic spindle elongation begins during mitotic prophase and ends during mitotic anaphase B.


mating

The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes.


kinetochore microtubule

Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation.


regulation of cytokinesis

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells.


cell projection assembly

Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.


annulate lamellae

Stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes containing a high density of nuclear pores, thought to form from excess nuclear membrane components, that have been described in a number of different cells. Annulate lamellar membranes are continuous with and embedded within the ER.


zonula adherens

A cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells.


cell-cell junction maintenance

The maintenance of junctions between cells.


nuclear migration

The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell.


adherens junction maintenance

The maintenance of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell-cell junction composed of the epithelial cadherin-catenin complex at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.


dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


digestive tract mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract mesoderm is portion of the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form part of the digestive tract of the organism.


actin-based cell projection

A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules.


limb epidermis development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis of the limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The limb epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of the limb, it is a complex stratified squamous epithelium.


negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.


protein maturation by [4Fe-4S] cluster transfer

The transfer of an assembled 4Fe-4S] cluster from a scaffold protein to an acceptor protein that contributes to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


protein maturation by iron-sulfur cluster transfer

The transfer of an assembled iron-sulfur cluster from a scaffold protein to an acceptor protein that contributes to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.


melatonin binding

Binding to melatonin.


proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex

The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.


proteasome storage granule

An aggregation of proteasome core protease (CP) and regulatory particle (RP) complexes that localizes in the cytoplasm as dot-like structures when cells are in a quiescent state.


proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex

The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex.


positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.


estrogen receptor

A protein that is a translation product of the human ESR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine

The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.


histone H4R3 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (histone H4)-arginine (position 3) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (histone H4)-N-methyl-arginine (position 3). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the arginine residue at position 3 of histone H4, producing histone H4R3me.


H2AB1_HUMAN Histone H2A-Bbd type 1 (sprot)

A histone H2A-Bbd type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


H2AV_HUMAN Histone H2A.V (sprot)

A histone H2A.V that is encoded in the genome of human.


H2AJ_HUMAN Histone H2A.J (sprot)

A histone H2A.J that is encoded in the genome of human.


piRNA binding

Binding to a piRNA, a Piwi-associated RNA, a 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.


regulation of proline metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proline metabolic process.


2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding

Binding to a 2 iron, 2 sulfur (2Fe-2S) cluster; this cluster consists of two iron atoms, with two inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands.


glutathione transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, from one side of a membrane to the other.


basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have side chains with a positive charge at pH 7.3.


Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor = 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor.


acyl carnitine transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of acyl carnitine from one side of a membrane to the other. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane.


choline dehydrogenase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: A + choline = AH(2) + betaine aldehyde.


branched-chain amino acid transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of branched-chain amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.


S2539_HUMAN Probable mitochondrial glutathione transporter SLC25A39 (sprot)

A probable mitochondrial glutathione transporter SLC25A39 that is encoded in the genome of human.


AFG32_HUMAN AFG3-like protein 2 (sprot)

An AFG3-like protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GPDM_HUMAN Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


GDC_HUMAN Solute carrier family 25 member 16 (sprot)

A solute carrier family 25 member 16 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP24A_HUMAN 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial (sprot)

A 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


CPT2_HUMAN Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial (sprot)

A carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


MCAT_HUMAN Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein (sprot)

A mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


S2529_HUMAN Mitochondrial basic amino acids transporter (sprot)

A mitochondrial basic amino acids transporter that is encoded in the genome of human.


MRS2_HUMAN Magnesium transporter MRS2 homolog, mitochondrial (sprot)

A magnesium transporter MRS2, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


RDH13_HUMAN Retinol dehydrogenase 13 (sprot)

A retinol dehydrogenase 13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACD11_HUMAN Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 11 (sprot)

An acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


L2HDH_HUMAN L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (sprot)

An L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial that is encoded in the genome of human.


GHC2_HUMAN Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 (sprot)

A mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GHC1_HUMAN Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 (sprot)

A mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


cellular response to cortisol stimulus

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.


response to stress

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).


positive regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway.


response to glucocorticoid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.


response to cortisol

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.


light adaption

The ability of a photoreceptor to adjust to varying levels of light.


proton export across plasma membrane

The directed movement of hydrogen ions (protons) from inside a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.


response to dexamethasone

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus.


embryonic handplate

The distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the manus (hand).


double-strand break repair involved in meiotic recombination

The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix that contributes to reciprocal meiotic recombination.


testis

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A gonad of a male animal. A gonad produces and releases sperm.


TONSL_HUMAN Tonsoku-like protein (sprot)

A tonsoku-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


response to UV-C

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm.


DNA end binding

Binding to DNA ends exposed by the creation of double-strand breaks (DSBs).


methylated histone binding

Binding to a histone in which a residue has been modified by methylation.


ubiquitin modification-dependent histone binding

Binding to a histone protein in which a residue has been modified by ubiquitination.


histone H2A acetyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + histone H2A L-lysine = CoA + histone H2A N6-acetyl-L-lysine.


MBTD1_HUMAN MBT domain-containing protein 1 (sprot)

An MBT domain-containing protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RN169_HUMAN E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF169 (sprot)

An E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF169 that is encoded in the genome of human.


replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange

The repair of a replication-born double-strand DNA break in which the DNA molecule is repaired using the homologous sequence of the sister chromatid which serves as a template to repair the breaks.


cellular response to hydroxyurea

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyurea stimulus.


cellular response to alkaloid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.


telomere organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.


gamete generation

The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.


regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.


DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing

The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of DNA at the site of a stalled replication fork that contributes to replication fork processing.


regulation of signal transduction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.


maintenance of lens transparency

A homeostatic process in which the lens is maintained in a highly refractive, transparent state to allow for optimal focusing of light on the retina.


regulation of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation.


negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening

Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.


mRNA processing

Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.


mitogen-activated protein kinase binding

Binding to a mitogen-activated protein kinase.


prospore membrane leading edge

The region of the prospore membrane that extends to surround the spore nucleus; coated with specific proteins that are thought to play a role in prospore membrane organization.


negative regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.


general transcription factor II-I isoform 4 (mouse)

A general transcription factor II-I (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q9ESZ8-4.


negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity.


myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons

The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve.


cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 3B isoform h1 (human)

A cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 3B (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q13370-1.


interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 isoform h2 (human)

An interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P17181-2.


leukocyte apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue.


dendritic cell chemotaxis

The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.


negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment.


interleukin-6 binding

Binding to interleukin-6.


IL6RA_MOUSE Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (sprot)

An interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


T-helper cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized thymocyte acquires specialized features of a T-helper cell.


interleukin-6 receptor activity

Combining with interleukin-6 and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.


CX3C1_MOUSE CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (sprot)

A CX3C chemokine receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


atrial cardiac myofibril assembly

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrial cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.


Cul8-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul8 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core. In S. cerevisiae, Mms1p acts as the adaptor protein and substrate specificity is conferred by any of a number of different proteins.


regulation of DNA double-strand break processing

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA double-strand break processing.


posterior lateral line ganglion development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.


neuron projection maintenance

The organization process that preserves a neuron projection in a stable functional or structural state. A neuron projection is a prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.


posterior lateral line nerve development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line nerve innervates hair cells of the PLL and projects to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.


thyroid hormone binding

Binding to thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland.


regulation of thyroid hormone generation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation.


sex differentiation

The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation.


development of primary male sexual characteristics

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary male sexual characteristics are the testes, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.


regulation of ovarian follicle development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian follicle development.


regulation of gonad development

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gonad development.


negative regulation of androgen secretion

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of androgen secretion.


endocardial cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.


IMPCT_HUMAN Protein IMPACT (sprot)

A protein IMPACT that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H3K36 methyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone H3 L-lysine (position 36) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone H3 N6-methyl-L-lysine (position 36). This reaction is the addition of a methyl group to the lysine residue at position 36 of the histone H3 protein.


anterior head development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior part of the head over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


purine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.


2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate

A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.


AMP salvage

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from derivatives of it (either adenine, ADP or adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate) without de novo synthesis.


N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP AMP-lyase (fumarate-forming) activity

Catalysis of the reaction: N6-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)AMP = fumarate + AMP.


nucleoside metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine).


purine nucleobase metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleobases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.


ADP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


dUMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate.


UMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UMP, uridine monophosphate.


dTMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate.


IMP salvage

Any process which produces inosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


NAD catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.


5'-Cytidylic acid

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.


2'-Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.


Uridine Monophosphate

A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.


The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).


Deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate

A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.


2'-Deoxyinosine 5'-monophosphate

A deoxyinosine phosphate that is 5'-inosinic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 2' by a hydrogen atom.


A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having xanthine as the nucleobase.


guanosine phosphorylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine + phosphate = guanine + D-ribose 1-phosphate.


GMP catabolic process to guanine

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including guanine.


T cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.


negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptotic process.


positive regulation of DNA repair

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.


GTP biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.


guanosine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.


Catalysis of the reaction: GMP + diphosphate = guanine + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.


adenosine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.


penile erection

The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptotic process.


positive regulation of heart rate

Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heart contraction.


negative regulation of leukocyte migration

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.


mature B cell apoptotic process

Any apoptotic process in a B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow.


negative regulation of penile erection

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.


negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptotic process.


positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.


PNPH_HUMAN Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (sprot)

A purine nucleoside phosphorylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate(2-)

An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-monophosphate; major microspecies at pH 7.3.


sagitta

Otolith that is part of the sacculus.


protein targeting to membrane

The process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.


large ribosomal subunit

The larger of the two subunits of a ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).


preribosome, large subunit precursor

A preribosomal complex consisting of 27SA, 27SB, and/or 7S pre-rRNA, 5S rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating large subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic large ribosomal subunit.


regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.


hemoglobin biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.


positive regulation of DNA ligase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligase activity.


regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining.


DNA ligase IV complex

A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p.


PAXI1_HUMAN PAX-interacting protein 1 (sprot)

A PAX-interacting protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RIF1_HUMAN Telomere-associated protein RIF1 (sprot)

A telomere-associated protein RIF1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


histone H2A-K15 ubiquitination

The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin group at lysine 15 (H2A-K15) in metazoans, and at the equivalent residue in other organisms. Monoubiquitin is first attached to H2A-K15 and K63-linked ubiquitin chains are then extended from this monoubiquitin.


DNA replication proofreading

Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity.


DNA-templated DNA replication maintenance of fidelity

A DNA metabolic process that prevents or corrects errors to ensure that DNA is replicated accurately. Errors can be corrected either by intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair.


histone deacetylation

The modification of histones by removal of acetyl groups.


positive regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar.


nucleoside transport

The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


protein histidyl modification to diphthamide

The modification of peptidyl-histidine to 2'-(3-carboxamido-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine, known as diphthamide, found in translation elongation factor EF-2. The process occurs in eukaryotes and archaea but not eubacteria.


adenine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP, and ATP) from one side of a membrane to the other.


phytanate-CoA ligase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + CoA + phytanate = AMP + diphosphate + H+ + phytanoyl-CoA.


ADP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.


AMP metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving AMP, adenosine monophosphate.


Cilostazol

A lactam that is 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group.


Dipyridamole

A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.


Ticagrelor

A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.


preribosome binding

Binding to a preribosome.


generation of mature 5'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)

Cleavage within ITS2 to generate the mature 5'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.


NAD-cap decapping

Cleavage of the 5'-NAD-cap of an RNA. The NAD-cap is present at the 5'-end of some RNAs in both bacetria and eukaryotes. While it promotes RNA stability in bacteria, it promotes RNA decay in eukaryotes.


A purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate having 7-methyl-7,8-dihydroguanine as the nucleobase.


nucleobase transmembrane transporter activity

Enables the transfer of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acidfrom one side of a membrane to the other.


nucleobase transport

The directed movement of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


dIMP salvage

Any process which produces a dIMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.


synapse assembly involved in innervation

The assembly of a synapse within a target tissue in which a nerve is invading.


negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I.


RENT complex

A protein complex that mediates transcriptional silencing at the rDNA locus (the name derives from regulator of nucleolar silencing and telophase). In Saccharomyces the complex contains Net1p, Sir2p, Cdc14p, and at least one more subunit.


new mitotic spindle pole body

The spindle pole body that is formed by spindle pole body duplication, and to which proteins involved in mitotic exit signaling (for example, the septation initiation network in fission yeast) localize.


meiotic spindle disassembly

The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.


positive regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly.


positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus.


protein phosphatase inhibitor activity

Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a protein phosphatase.


replication fork protection complex

A protein complex conserved in eukaryotes and associated with the replication fork; the complex stabilizes stalled replication forks and is thought to be involved in coordinating leading- and lagging-strand synthesis and in replication checkpoint signaling.


DNA replication preinitiation complex

A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The preinitiation complex is formed by the assembly of additional proteins onto an existing prereplicative complex. In budding yeast, the additional proteins might include Cdc45p, Sld2p, Sld3p, Dpb11p, DNA polymerases, and others; in fission yeast the GINS complex is present.


MCM complex

A hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.


CMG complex

A protein complex that contains the GINS complex, Cdc45p, and the heterohexameric MCM complex, and that is involved in unwinding DNA during replication.


nuclear pre-replicative complex

A protein-DNA complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins during late mitosis and G1, allowing the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication. The complex normally includes the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, Cdt1 and the MiniChromosome Maintenance (Mcm2-7) proteins.


regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA-dependent DNA replication; the process in which DNA becomes competent to replicate. In eukaryotes, replication competence is established in early G1 and lost during the ensuing S phase.


pre-replicative complex assembly involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the nuclear pre-replicative complex, a protein-DNA complex that forms at the eukaryotic DNA replication origin and is required for replication initiation.


tRNA import into nucleus

The directed movement of tRNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.


tRNA-guanine transglycosylation

The modification of a tRNA anticodon loop by replacing guanine with queuonine. Reaction is tRNA guanine + queuine = tRNA queuine + guanine.


t-UTP complex

A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and is required for the subsequent assembly of the rest of the preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Utp5p, Utp4p, Nan1p, Utp8p, Utp9p, Utp10 and Utp15p.


U3 snoRNA binding

Binding to a U3 small nucleolar RNA.


positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I.


glycine cleavage complex

A protein complex that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine. In E. coli, it has four components: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), lipoyl-GcvH-protein and aminomethyltransferase, also known as L, P, H, and T.


lipoic acid binding

Binding to lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid.


one-carbon metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving the transfer of one-carbon units in various oxidation states.


protein lipoylation

The lipoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine.


5.8S rRNA binding

Binding to 5.8S ribosomal RNA, a eukaryotic ribosomal RNA which forms a complex with 28S RNA.


small ribosomal subunit rRNA binding

Binding to small ribosomal subunit RNA (SSU rRNA), a constituent of the small ribosomal subunit. In S. cerevisiae, this is the 18S rRNA.


cytosolic ribosome assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the large and small ribosomal subunits into a functional cytosolic ribosome. Distinct stages of this process take place first in the nucleolus, then in the nucleus and finally in the cytosol.


H2AB1_MOUSE Histone H2A-Bbd type 1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the H2ab1 gene in mouse.


H2B2E_MOUSE Histone H2B type 2-E (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the H2bc21 gene in mouse.


transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).


glucosidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of glucosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of glucose or a glucose derivative.


mannosyl diphosphorylinositol ceramide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosyl diphosphorylinositol ceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains two phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.


The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->6)-beta-D-glucans.


negative regulation of endodermal cell fate specification

Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an endoderm cell.


semicircular canal formation

The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the semicircular canal from the otic vesicle. This process begins with the regionalization of the vesicle that specifies the area where the vesicles will form and continues through the process of fusion which forms the initial tubes.


pancreas field specification

The process in which a specific region of the gut is delineated into the area in which the pancreas will develop.


negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.


PAK4_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PAK6_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 6 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PAK5_HUMAN Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 5 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of JUN kinase activity

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.


positive regulation of JUN kinase activity

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.


FZD5_MOUSE Frizzled-5 (sprot)

A frizzled-5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


FZD3_MOUSE Frizzled-3 (sprot)

A frizzled-3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


FZD7_MOUSE Frizzled-7 (sprot)

A frizzled-7 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


RYK_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase RYK (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein kinase RYK that is encoded in the genome of human.


VANG2_HUMAN Vang-like protein 2 (sprot)

A Vang-like protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DAAM1_HUMAN Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (sprot)

A disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ROR2_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR2 (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor ROR2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PROF1_HUMAN Profilin-1 (sprot)

A profilin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FZD3_HUMAN Frizzled-3 (sprot)

A frizzled-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FZD6_HUMAN Frizzled-6 (sprot)

A frizzled-6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FZD7_HUMAN Frizzled-7 (sprot)

A frizzled-7 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WNT11_HUMAN Protein Wnt-11 (sprot)

A protein Wnt-11 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WNT1_HUMAN Proto-oncogene Wnt-1 (sprot)

A proto-oncogene Wnt-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WNT5B_HUMAN Protein Wnt-5b (sprot)

A protein Wnt-5b that is encoded in the genome of human.


FZD1_HUMAN Frizzled-1 (sprot)

A frizzled-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TERT_HUMAN Telomerase reverse transcriptase (sprot)

A telomerase reverse transcriptase that is encoded in the genome of human.


RUVB1_HUMAN RuvB-like 1 (sprot)

A RuvB-like 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRRAP_HUMAN Transformation/transcription domain-associated protein (sprot)

A transformation/transcription domain-associated protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


LEO1_HUMAN RNA polymerase-associated protein LEO1 (sprot)

An RNA polymerase-associated protein LEO1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CDC73_HUMAN Parafibromin (sprot)

A parafibromin that is encoded in the genome of human.


ASH2L_HUMAN Set1/Ash2 histone methyltransferase complex subunit ASH2 (sprot)

A Set1/Ash2 histone methyltransferase complex subunit ASH2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BCL9_HUMAN B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 protein (sprot)

A B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


BCL9L_HUMAN B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9-like protein (sprot)

A B-cell CLL/lymphoma 9-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PYGO2_HUMAN Pygopus homolog 2 (sprot)

A pygopus homolog 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PYGO1_HUMAN Pygopus homolog 1 (sprot)

A pygopus homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


mitotic cohesin complex

A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.


STK31_MOUSE Serine/threonine-protein kinase 31 (sprot)

A serine/threonine-protein kinase 31 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


pyrimidine nucleobase catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleobases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.


pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


uridine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.


TMP catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.


DPYD_HUMAN Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] (sprot)

A dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] that is encoded in the genome of human.


dermatan sulfate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate, any glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.


protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway

The process in which a protein is incorporated into a mitochondrial membrane as the initial phase of the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization that takes place in the apoptotic signaling pathway.


lysobisphosphatidic acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lysobisphosphatidic acid. A lysobisphosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group.


myo-inositol phosphate transport

The directed movement of any phosphorylated myo-inositol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA = (2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA.


Catalysis of the reaction: chondroitin D-glucuronate = dermatan L-iduronate.


chloride channel regulator activity

Binds to and modulates the activity of a chloride channel.


D-glucose

A glucose with D-configuration.


NDKB_HUMAN Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (sprot)

A nucleoside diphosphate kinase B that is encoded in the genome of human.


LYAG_HUMAN Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase (sprot)

A lysosomal alpha-glucosidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


PGM1_HUMAN Phosphoglucomutase-1 (sprot)

A phosphoglucomutase-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BGLR_HUMAN Beta-glucuronidase (sprot)

A beta-glucuronidase that is encoded in the genome of human.


An N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SURF4_HUMAN Surfeit locus protein 4 (sprot)

A surfeit locus protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the four phosphate groups at the 1-, 4-, 5- and 6-positions.


A cholestanoyl-CoA formed by thioester linkage between 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and coenzyme A.


5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrol with S-configuration at C-24.


3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oate with S configuration at C-24; major microspecies at pH 7.3.


5beta-Cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,24-triol with S-configuration at C-24.


A steroid acid that is 5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups as the 3alpha, 7alpha, and 12alpha positions.


A 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoA in which the carbon at position 25 of the steroidal side chain has R configuration.


A cholestanoid that is 5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid substituted by alpha-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.


5-Oxoeicosapentaenoic acid

An icosanoid that is (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoic acid carrying an oxo substituent at position 5. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


7-Oxodocosahexaenoic acid

A oxodocosahexaenoic acid that consists of (4Z,8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying an oxo substituent at position 7. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


A docosanoid that consists of (8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying an oxo substituent at position 7. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


Lewis X antigen

One of the blood groups of the Lewis antigen system


disialyl-Lewis A antigen

A disialylated Lewis blood group antigen


Sulfociprofloxacin

An organosulfonic acid that is ciprofloxacin  carrying a sulfo group at position 4 of the piperazine ring. It is a metabolite of ciprofloxacin.


Oxociprofloxacin

metabolite of ciprofloxacin


RAP1A_HUMAN Ras-related protein Rap-1A (sprot)

A Ras-related protein Rap-1A that is encoded in the genome of human.


WNT7A_HUMAN Protein Wnt-7a (sprot)

A protein Wnt-7a that is encoded in the genome of human.


RHOG_HUMAN Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoG (sprot)

A Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoG that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACTN4_HUMAN Alpha-actinin-4 (sprot)

An alpha-actinin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


N-glycosylase/DNA lyase isoform h2A (human)

An N-glycosylase/DNA lyase (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O15527-4.


septin-4 isoform ARTS (human)

A septin-4 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:O43236-6.


CALU_HUMAN Calumenin (sprot)

A calumenin that is encoded in the genome of human.


NRAM1_HUMAN Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (sprot)

A natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HVCN1_HUMAN Voltage-gated hydrogen channel 1 (sprot)

A voltage-gated hydrogen channel 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD9_HUMAN CD9 antigen (sprot)

A CD9 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


D103A_HUMAN Beta-defensin 103 (sprot)

A beta-defensin 103 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DEF1_HUMAN Neutrophil defensin 1 (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of any of the following genes in human: DEFA1/DEFA1B.


LTOR3_HUMAN Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR3 (sprot)

A mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LTOR2_HUMAN Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR2 (sprot)

A ragulator complex protein LAMTOR2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXA1_HUMAN Gap junction alpha-1 protein (sprot)

A gap junction alpha-1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXB2_HUMAN Gap junction beta-2 protein (sprot)

A gap junction beta-2 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRDM4_HUMAN PR domain zinc finger protein 4 (sprot)

A PR domain zinc finger protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


LYAM1_HUMAN L-selectin (sprot)

An L-selectin that is encoded in the genome of human.


OSCAR_HUMAN Osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (sprot)

An osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


LAIR1_HUMAN Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (sprot)

A leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GLIP1_HUMAN Glioma pathogenesis-related protein 1 (sprot)

A glioma pathogenesis-related protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


WLS_HUMAN Protein wntless homolog (sprot)

A protein wntless homolog that is encoded in the genome of human.


FCG2A_HUMAN Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a (sprot)

A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-a that is encoded in the genome of human.


OLR1_HUMAN Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (sprot)

An oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CD177_HUMAN CD177 antigen (sprot)

A CD177 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human.


LFA3_HUMAN Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (sprot)

A lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PPIA_HUMAN Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (sprot)

A peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A that is encoded in the genome of human.


CLC5A_HUMAN C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (sprot)

A C-type lectin domain family 5 member A that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIRB1_HUMAN Signal-regulatory protein beta-1 (sprot)

A signal-regulatory protein beta-1 (human), isoforms 1 and 2.


AGRE5_HUMAN Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E5 (sprot)

An adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CXCR1_HUMAN C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 (sprot)

A C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DNJC3_HUMAN DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3 (sprot)

A DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SHPS1_HUMAN Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type substrate 1 (sprot)

A tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type substrate 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


SDCB1_HUMAN Syntenin-1 (sprot)

A syntenin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TXND5_HUMAN Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (sprot)

A thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ANXA2_HUMAN Annexin A2 (sprot)

An annexin A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NFASC_HUMAN Neurofascin (sprot)

A neurofascin that is encoded in the genome of human.


GP161_HUMAN G-protein coupled receptor 161 (sprot)

A G-protein coupled receptor 161 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CDK13_HUMAN Cyclin-dependent kinase 13 (sprot)

A cyclin-dependent kinase 13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GNLY_HUMAN Granulysin (sprot)

A granulysin that is encoded in the genome of human.


BPI_HUMAN Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (sprot)

A bactericidal permeability-increasing protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


LEG3_HUMAN Galectin-3 (sprot)

A galectin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RAP1B_HUMAN Ras-related protein Rap-1b (sprot)

A Ras-related protein Rap-1b that is encoded in the genome of human.


SODC_HUMAN Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (sprot)

A superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] that is encoded in the genome of human.


CNN2_HUMAN Calponin-2 (sprot)

A calponin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MIF_HUMAN Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (sprot)

A macrophage migration inhibitory factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAND1_HUMAN Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 1 (sprot)

A cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


I27RA_HUMAN Interleukin-27 receptor subunit alpha (sprot)

An interleukin-27 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


IL27A_HUMAN Interleukin-27 subunit alpha (sprot)

An interleukin-27 subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


CATA_HUMAN Catalase (sprot)

A catalase that is encoded in the genome of human.


RETN_HUMAN Resistin (sprot)

A resistin that is encoded in the genome of human.


NBR1_HUMAN Next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein (sprot)

A next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


GHR_HUMAN Growth hormone receptor (sprot)

A growth hormone receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


HBB_HUMAN Hemoglobin subunit beta (sprot)

A hemoglobin subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human.


DB108_HUMAN Putative beta-defensin 108A (sprot)

A putative beta-defensin 108A that is encoded in the genome of human.


TARM1_HUMAN T-cell-interacting, activating receptor on myeloid cells protein 1 (sprot)

A T-cell-interacting, activating receptor on myeloid cells protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.