endocannabinoid signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an endocannabinoid binding to a cell surface receptor. The pathway proceeds with the receptor transmitting the signal to a heterotrimeric G-protein complex and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Endocannabinoids are small molecules derived from arachidonic acid, anandamide (arachidonoylethanolamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol.


gephyrin clustering involved in postsynaptic density assembly

biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

The clustering process in which gephyrin molecules are localized to distinct domains in the postsynaptic density as part of postsynaptic density assembly. Gephyrin is a component of the postsynaptic protein network of inhibitory synapses.


regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter.


homocysteine metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid. Homocysteine is an important intermediate in the metabolic reactions of its S-methyl derivative, methionine.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs

biolink:MolecularActivity biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:Occurrent biolink:OntologyClass biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gs to initiate a change in cell activity.


DNA topoisomerase type I (single strand cut, ATP-independent) activity

Catalysis of a DNA topological transformation by transiently cleaving one DNA strand at a time to allow passage of another strand; changes the linking number by +1 per catalytic cycle.


hippocampus development

The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.


forebrain morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).


glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform Alpha-3L (mouse)

A glycine receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


cytoskeleton

biolink:CellularComponent biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.


catalytic activity

Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.


G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity

Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.


positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.


adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

biolink:Pathway biolink:BiologicalProcess biolink:BiologicalProcessOrActivity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:OntologyClass biolink:Occurrent biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).


dopamine secretion

The regulated release of dopamine by a cell. Dopamine is a catecholamine and a precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system but it is also produced peripherally and acts as a hormone.


oligodendrocyte development

The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system.


synaptic transmission, dopaminergic

The vesicular release of dopamine. from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.


membrane depolarization

The process in which membrane potential decreases with respect to its steady-state potential, usually from negative potential to a more positive potential. For example, the initial depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential is in the direction from the negative steady-state resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.


serotonin metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.


telencephalon cell migration

The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another at least one of which is located in the telencephalon.


G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by an opioid binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity

Combining with an opioid (any narcotic derived from or resembling opium), and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein.


dopamine biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


positive regulation of dopamine metabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.


adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating receptor G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


catechol-containing compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent.


dopamine catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.


dopamine binding

Binding to dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter formed by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine.


adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway

An adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by dopamine binding to its receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go

Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gi/Go to initiate a change in cell activity.


negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.


phospholipase D-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway in which the signal is transmitted via the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) and a subsequent increase in the intracellular concentration of phosphatidic acid (PA).


striatum development

The progression of the striatum over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The striatum is a region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.


nucleus accumbens development

The progression of the nucleus accumbens over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The nucleus accumbens is a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia.


subpallium development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subpallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.


D(2) dopamine receptor isoform 2 (mouse)

A D(2) dopamine receptor isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


catechol O-methyltransferase isoform 2 (mouse)

A catechol O-methyltransferase isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the cascade of enzymatic reactions initiated by physical damage to the wall of a blood vessel, leading to the formation of a formation of a fibrin clot at the site of the injury. The process also includes numerous positive and negative regulatory events.


regulation of blood coagulation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.


glycosaminoglycan

Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.


PROS_HUMAN Vitamin K-dependent protein S (sprot)

A vitamin K-dependent protein S that is encoded in the genome of human.


HEP2_HUMAN Heparin cofactor 2 (sprot)

A heparin cofactor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


FA5_HUMAN Coagulation factor V (sprot)

A coagulation factor V that is encoded in the genome of human.


IPSP_HUMAN Plasma serine protease inhibitor (sprot)

A plasma serine protease inhibitor that is encoded in the genome of human.


EPCR_HUMAN Endothelial protein C receptor (sprot)

An endothelial protein C receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRBM_HUMAN Thrombomodulin (sprot)

A thrombomodulin that is encoded in the genome of human.


THRB_HUMAN Prothrombin (sprot)

A prothrombin that is encoded in the genome of human.


FIBB_HUMAN Fibrinogen beta chain (sprot)

A fibrinogen beta chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


FIBA_HUMAN Fibrinogen alpha chain (sprot)

A fibrinogen alpha chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


F13B_HUMAN Coagulation factor XIII B chain (sprot)

A coagulation factor XIII B chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


PROC_HUMAN Vitamin K-dependent protein C (sprot)

A vitamin K-dependent protein C that is encoded in the genome of human.


FA8_HUMAN Coagulation factor VIII (sprot)

A coagulation factor VIII that is encoded in the genome of human.


F13A_HUMAN Coagulation factor XIII A chain (sprot)

A coagulation factor XIII A chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response

The series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). Begins with activation of ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress, ATF6 translocates to the Golgi where it is processed by proteases to release a cytoplasmic domain (ATF6f), which operates as a transcriptional activator of many genes required to restore folding capacity.


neuropeptide processing

Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a neuropeptide precursor. Processing leads to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the neuropeptide.


complement activation, alternative pathway

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.


complement activation

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway.


membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis

The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain.


translational termination

The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code).


SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane

The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation and is dependent upon two key components, the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and the SRP receptor. SRP is a cytosolic particle that transiently binds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal sequence in a nascent protein, to the large ribosomal unit, and to the SRP receptor in the ER membrane.


granzyme-mediated programmed cell death signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals induced by granzymes which triggers the cell death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a granzyme signal, and ends when the execution phase of cell death is triggered. Granzymes are serine proteases that are secreted by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells to induce cell death in target cells.


angiotensin maturation

The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of angiotensinogen into mature angiotensin in the blood.


insulin processing

The formation of mature insulin by proteolysis of the precursor preproinsulin. The signal sequence is first cleaved from preproinsulin to form proinsulin; proinsulin is then cleaved to release the C peptide, leaving the A and B chains of mature insulin linked by disulfide bridges.


collagen catabolic process

The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells.


regulation of complement activation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.


regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.


peptide hormone processing

The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.


extracellular matrix disassembly

A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.


cornification

A type of programmed cell death that occurs in the epidermis, morphologically and biochemically distinct from apoptosis. It leads to the formation of corneocytes, i.e. dead keratinocytes containing an amalgam of specific proteins (e.g., keratin, loricrin, SPR and involucrin) and lipids (e.g., fatty acids and ceramides), which are necessary for the function of the cornified skin layer (mechanical resistance, elasticity, water repellence and structural stability).


fibrinolysis

A process that solubilizes fibrin in the bloodstream of a multicellular organism, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin.


hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a hepatocyte growth factor receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


antimicrobial humoral response

An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are seen in the antimicrobial humoral response of Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus.


complement activation, classical pathway

Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes.


blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the self-limited process linking exposure and activation of tissue factor to the activation of clotting factor X.


blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway

A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X.


signal peptide processing

The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell.


nerve growth factor processing

The generation of a mature nerve growth factor (NGF) by proteolysis of a precursor.


glucagon processing

The formation of mature glucagon by proteolysis of the precursor proglucagon.


disulfide oxidoreductase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: substrate with reduced sulfide groups = substrate with oxidized disulfide bonds.


Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylglycopeptide.


endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport

The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.


Golgi to secretory granule transport

The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a secretory granule. The secretory granule is a membrane-bounded particle, usually protein, formed in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex.


negative regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of serine-type endopeptidase activity.


beta-galactoside (CMP) alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-R.


O-acyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group to an oxygen atom on the acceptor molecule.


UDP-glucosyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to an acceptor molecule.


Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-GlcNAc residue from UDP-D-GlcNAc to the fucose residue of a fucosylated protein acceptor.


fusogenic activity

The activity of joining two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.


Golgi lumen

The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.


secretory granule lumen

The volume enclosed by the membrane of a secretory granule.


SPIKE_SARS2 Spike glycoprotein (sprot)

A protein that is a translation product of the S gene in SARS-CoV-2.


NOTC3_HUMAN Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 (sprot)

A neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


NOTC2_HUMAN Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 (sprot)

A neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


BID_HUMAN BH3-interacting domain death agonist (sprot)

A BH3-interacting domain death agonist that is encoded in the genome of human.


HGF_HUMAN Hepatocyte growth factor (sprot)

A hepatocyte growth factor that is encoded in the genome of human.


FA7_HUMAN Coagulation factor VII (sprot)

A coagulation factor VII that is encoded in the genome of human.


FA9_HUMAN Coagulation factor IX (sprot)

A coagulation factor IX that is encoded in the genome of human.


FA12_HUMAN Coagulation factor XII (sprot)

A coagulation factor XII that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP1_HUMAN Interstitial collagenase (sprot)

An interstitial collagenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP9_HUMAN Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (sprot)

A matrix metalloproteinase-9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP10_HUMAN Stromelysin-2 (sprot)

A stromelysin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP13_HUMAN Collagenase 3 (sprot)

A collagenase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP2_HUMAN 72 kDa type IV collagenase (sprot)

A 72 kDa type IV collagenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP7_HUMAN Matrilysin (sprot)

A matrilysin that is encoded in the genome of human.


PROZ_HUMAN Vitamin K-dependent protein Z (sprot)

A vitamin K-dependent protein Z that is encoded in the genome of human.


GAS6_HUMAN Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (sprot)

A growth arrest-specific protein 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP3_HUMAN Stromelysin-1 (sprot)

A stromelysin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP8_HUMAN Neutrophil collagenase (sprot)

A neutrophil collagenase that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP11_HUMAN Stromelysin-3 (sprot)

A stromelysin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GLUC_HUMAN Pro-glucagon (sprot)

A pro-glucagon that is encoded in the genome of human.


CO2_HUMAN Complement C2 (sprot)

A complement C2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CFAB_HUMAN Complement factor B (sprot)

A complement factor B that is encoded in the genome of human.


NOTC1_HUMAN Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (sprot)

A neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


THIK_HUMAN 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal (sprot)

A 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal that is encoded in the genome of human.


SCP2_HUMAN Sterol carrier protein 2 (sprot)

A sterol carrier protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


COLI_HUMAN Pro-opiomelanocortin (sprot)

A pro-opiomelanocortin that is encoded in the genome of human.


appetite-regulating hormone isoform 1 (human)

An appetite-regulating hormone isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ATF6A_HUMAN Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha that is encoded in the genome of human.


GIP_HUMAN Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (sprot)

A gastric inhibitory polypeptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


CAMP_HUMAN Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (sprot)

A cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLK8_HUMAN Kallikrein-8 (sprot)

A kallikrein-8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


HGFL_HUMAN Hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (sprot)

A hepatocyte growth factor-like protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


CR3L4_HUMAN Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CR3L2_HUMAN Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CR3L3_HUMAN Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CREB3_HUMAN Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CR3L1_HUMAN Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 (sprot)

A cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


DHB4_HUMAN Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 (sprot)

A peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TYSD1_HUMAN Peroxisomal leader peptide-processing protease (sprot)

A peroxisomal leader peptide-processing protease that is encoded in the genome of human.


ACOX1_HUMAN Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (sprot)

A peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PAHX_HUMAN Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal (sprot)

A phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase, peroxisomal that is encoded in the genome of human.


ADAS_HUMAN Alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase, peroxisomal (sprot)

An alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase, peroxisomal that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP25_HUMAN Matrix metalloproteinase-25 (sprot)

A matrix metalloproteinase-25 that is encoded in the genome of human.


appetite-regulating hormone isoform 2 (human)

An appetite-regulating hormone isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP17_HUMAN Matrix metalloproteinase-17 (sprot)

A matrix metalloproteinase-17 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP24_HUMAN Matrix metalloproteinase-24 (sprot)

A matrix metalloproteinase-24 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CR1_HUMAN Complement receptor type 1 (sprot)

A complement receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


N-terminal N-acetyl-L-serine residue

An N-terminal alpha-amino-acid residue derived from N-terminal N-acetyl-L-serine.


polypeptide

A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.


FA10_HUMAN Coagulation factor X (sprot)

A coagulation factor X that is encoded in the genome of human.


CO5_HUMAN Complement C5 (sprot)

A complement C5 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CO3_HUMAN Complement C3 (sprot)

A complement C3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform Short (human)

A platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IBP3_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


ALS_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile subunit (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


COHA1_HUMAN Collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain (sprot)

A collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


HRG_HUMAN Histidine-rich glycoprotein (sprot)

A histidine-rich glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of human.


sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform hSREBP-1C (human)

A sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (human) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P36956-3.


MCP_HUMAN Membrane cofactor protein (sprot)

A membrane cofactor protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


EPHB6_HUMAN Ephrin type-B receptor 6 (sprot)

An ephrin type-B receptor 6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PDGFB_HUMAN Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (sprot)

A platelet-derived growth factor subunit B that is encoded in the genome of human.


IGF2_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor II (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor II that is encoded in the genome of human.


platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform Long (human)

A platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


IGF1_HUMAN Insulin-like growth factor I (sprot)

An insulin-like growth factor I that is encoded in the genome of human.


CO4A_HUMAN Complement C4-A (sprot)

A complement C4-A that is encoded in the genome of human.


CO4B_HUMAN Complement C4-B (sprot)

A complement C4-B that is encoded in the genome of human.


sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform 1 (human)

A sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EFNB2_HUMAN Ephrin-B2 (sprot)

An ephrin-B2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EPHB3_HUMAN Ephrin type-B receptor 3 (sprot)

An ephrin type-B receptor 3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EPHB4_HUMAN Ephrin type-B receptor 4 (sprot)

An ephrin type-B receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EPHB1_HUMAN Ephrin type-B receptor 1 (sprot)

An ephrin type-B receptor 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CO7A1_HUMAN Collagen alpha-1(VII) chain (sprot)

A collagen alpha-1(VII) chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


EFNB3_HUMAN Ephrin-B3 (sprot)

An ephrin-B3 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CONA1_HUMAN Collagen alpha-1(XXIII) chain (sprot)

A collagen alpha-1(XXIII) chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


COPA1_HUMAN Collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain (sprot)

A collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain that is encoded in the genome of human.


PDGFD_HUMAN Platelet-derived growth factor D (sprot)

A platelet-derived growth factor D that is encoded in the genome of human.


platelet-derived growth factor C isoform 1 (human)

A platelet-derived growth factor C isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TMPS2_HUMAN Transmembrane protease serine 2 (sprot)

A transmembrane protease serine 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP19_HUMAN Matrix metalloproteinase-19 (sprot)

A matrix metalloproteinase-19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP12_HUMAN Macrophage metalloelastase (sprot)

A macrophage metalloelastase that is encoded in the genome of human.


CATS_HUMAN Cathepsin S (sprot)

A cathepsin S that is encoded in the genome of human.


CMA1_HUMAN Chymase (sprot)

A chymase that is encoded in the genome of human.


NEC2_HUMAN Neuroendocrine convertase 2 (sprot)

A neuroendocrine convertase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PRTN3_HUMAN Myeloblastin (sprot)

A myeloblastin that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLK13_HUMAN Kallikrein-13 (sprot)

A kallikrein-13 that is encoded in the genome of human.


UROK_HUMAN Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (sprot)

A urokinase-type plasminogen activator that is encoded in the genome of human.


TPA_HUMAN Tissue-type plasminogen activator (sprot)

A tissue-type plasminogen activator that is encoded in the genome of human.


CATK_HUMAN Cathepsin K (sprot)

A cathepsin K that is encoded in the genome of human.


TLL1_HUMAN Tolloid-like protein 1 (sprot)

A tolloid-like protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MMP20_HUMAN Matrix metalloproteinase-20 (sprot)

A matrix metalloproteinase-20 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CATL2_HUMAN Cathepsin L2 (sprot)

A cathepsin L2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CFAD_HUMAN Complement factor D (sprot)

A complement factor D that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLK1_HUMAN Kallikrein-1 (sprot)

A kallikrein-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLK3_HUMAN Prostate-specific antigen (sprot)

A prostate-specific antigen that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRY1_HUMAN Serine protease 1 (sprot)

A serine protease 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


TRY2_HUMAN Trypsin-2 (sprot)

A trypsin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CATB_HUMAN Cathepsin B (sprot)

A cathepsin B that is encoded in the genome of human.


BMP1_HUMAN Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (sprot)

A bone morphogenetic protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


KLK2_HUMAN Kallikrein-2 (sprot)

A kallikrein-2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


GRAM_HUMAN Granzyme M (sprot)

A granzyme M that is encoded in the genome of human.


TLL2_HUMAN Tolloid-like protein 2 (sprot)

A tolloid-like protein 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PDIA1_HUMAN Protein disulfide-isomerase (sprot)

A protein disulfide-isomerase that is encoded in the genome of human.


PGLT1_HUMAN Protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (sprot)

A protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


RENI_HUMAN Renin (sprot)

A renin that is encoded in the genome of human.


MBOA4_HUMAN Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (sprot)

A ghrelin O-acyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIAT6_HUMAN CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-1,4-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (sprot)

A CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-1,4-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIA4C_HUMAN CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4 (sprot)

A CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4 that is encoded in the genome of human.


MFNG_HUMAN Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase manic fringe (sprot)

A beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase manic fringe that is encoded in the genome of human.


CATD_HUMAN Cathepsin D (sprot)

A cathepsin D that is encoded in the genome of human.


LFNG_HUMAN Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase lunatic fringe (sprot)

A beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase lunatic fringe that is encoded in the genome of human.


SIA10_HUMAN Type 2 lactosamine alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (sprot)

A type 2 lactosamine alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human.


RFNG_HUMAN Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase radical fringe (sprot)

A beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase radical fringe that is encoded in the genome of human.


phosphate ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phosphate ions within an organism or cell.


copper ion binding

Binding to a copper (Cu) ion.


sphingolipid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).


cholesterol homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cholesterol within an organism or cell.


triglyceride metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.


inorganic diphosphate transport

The directed movement of inorganic diphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


triglyceride homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of triglyceride within an organism or cell.


lipid homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell.


monoatomic ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monoatomic ions within an organism or cell. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom.


cholesterol metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.


lactate metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactate, the anion of lactic acid.


lipoprotein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


glycoprotein biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.


lipoprotein metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.


positive regulation of protein secretion

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.


triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling

The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride from a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle.


membrane lipid catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.


regulation of cholesterol transport

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.


The pentaanion of a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate.


1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(6-)

Hexaanion of 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate arising from glabal deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.


thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by thrombin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process.


positive regulation of cell growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.


regulation of cell shape

Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.


negative regulation of peptidase activity

Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.


execution phase of apoptosis

A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.


protein targeting to vacuole involved in autophagy

The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring as part of autophagy, the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.


selective autophagy

The macroautophagy process in which specific structures are targeted by the autophagy process.


positive regulation of protein catabolic process

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.


negative regulation of protein catabolic process

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process.


peptide cross-linking

The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains.


regulation of bone remodeling

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity.


alpha-sialidase activity

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-glycosidic linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.


bone remodeling

The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive bone formation (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. An imbalance in the regulation of bone resorption and bone formation results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.


bone resorption

The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.


ossification involved in bone remodeling

The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli.


DLK1_HUMAN Protein delta homolog 1 (sprot)

A protein delta homolog 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.


negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.


negative regulation of ossification

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


positive regulation of bone resorption

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.


osteoclast differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.


embryonic skeletal system development

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure.


positive regulation of cytokine production

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.


negative regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.


regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.


positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.


regulation of osteoblast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.


regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.


negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.


odontogenesis

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.


tooth mineralization

The process in which calcium salts are deposited into calcareous tooth structures such as dental enamel, dentin and cementum.


calcitonin gene-related peptide 1 (mouse)

A calcitonin gene-related peptide 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


lumbar region of vertebral column

biolink:GrossAnatomicalStructure biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the lumbar subdivision of the body, containing the lumbar vertebrae.


cellular response to sodium phosphate

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sodium phosphate stimulus.


negative regulation of bone resorption

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.


determination of adult lifespan

The pathways that regulate the duration of the adult phase of the life-cycle of an animal.


aorta development

The progression of the aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.


nitrogen compound metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen.


artery development

The progression of the artery over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to a capillary bed.


vitamin D3 metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D3, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.


tooth eruption

The tooth development process in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible.


odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel.


endochondral ossification

Replacement ossification wherein bone tissue replaces cartilage.


embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis

The process, occurring in the embryo, in which the anatomical structures of a skeletal limb joint are generated and organized. A skeletal limb joint is the connecting structure between the bones of a limb.


proteoglycan biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


embryonic skeletal joint development

The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal joints over time, from formation to mature structure.


regulation of ossification

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.


proteoglycan metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.


negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.


MLXPL_HUMAN Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (sprot)

A carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


magnesium ion homeostasis

Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell.


vasodilation

An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, due to relaxation of smooth muscle cells that line the vessels, and usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.


angiotensin-activated signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by angiotensin II binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensin

The process in which the diameter of a blood vessel is changed due to activity of the renin-angiotensin system.


positive regulation of detection of glucose

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of glucose.


response to symbiotic bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.


negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.


positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation

Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.


amniotic fluid

biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid.


An optically active form of lactate having (R)-configuration.


VKGC_HUMAN Vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase (sprot)

A vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase that is encoded in the genome of human.


SNAP receptor activity

Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion.


negative regulation of insulin secretion

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.


phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway

A phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by acetylcholine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


GTPase-dependent fusogenic activity

A GTPase activity that mediates the joining two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.


dense core granule

Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted.


regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 2 isoform 1 (mouse)

A regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 2 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


fatty acid metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.


response to glucose

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.


positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process

Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.


cholesterol biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.


regulation of fatty acid metabolic process

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.


regulation of heart rate by chemical signal

The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.


regulation of SREBP signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the SREBP signaling pathway.


Nitric Oxide

A nitrogen oxide which is a free radical, each molecule of which consists of one nitrogen and one oxygen atom.


nitric oxide synthase, endothelial

A protein that is a translation product of the human NOS3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.


positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.


leptin-mediated signaling pathway

The series of molecular signals initiated by leptin binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body.


histone kinase activity

Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to a histone.


positive regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.


negative regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.


regulation of protein phosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.


G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 isoform GRK6A (mouse)

A G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 isoform 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.


pharyngeal arch artery morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of a pharyngeal arch artery is generated and organized. The pharyngeal arch arteries are a series of six paired embryological vascular structures, the development of which give rise to several major arteries, such as the stapedial artery, the middle meningeal artery, the internal carotid artery and the pulmonary artery.


regulation of protein localization to cell leading edge

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge.


endothelin receptor signaling pathway

A G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway initiated by endothelin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.


heart process

A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.


cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis

The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract.


negative regulation of macrophage differentiation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.


sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.


cellular response to oleic acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.


cyanamide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanamide, NCNH2, a cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.


nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform 4 (mouse)

A nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q60591-4.


krueppel-like factor 4 polyglutamylated 1 (mouse)

A krueppel-like factor 4 (mouse) that has been polyglutamylated at the position equivalent to Glu-381 of the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q60793. UniProtKB:Q60793, Glu-381, MOD:00207.


retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta isoform Short (mouse)

A retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P28704-2.


Catalysis of the reaction: a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H+ + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]. A very long-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C22.


An acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions of stearoyl-CoA.


oleoyl-CoA

An octadecenoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of oleic acid.


TECRL_HUMAN Trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase-like (sprot)

A steroid 5-alpha-reductase 2-like 2 protein that is encoded in the genome of human.


TECR_HUMAN Very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase (sprot)

A very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase that is encoded in the genome of human.


negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.


regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.


3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity

Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.


negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.


regulation of glucose metabolic process

Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.


palmitoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + AH2 + O2 = palmitoleic acid (16:1delta9) + A + 2 H2O.


response to bacterium

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.


white fat cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.


defense response to Gram-positive bacterium

Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.


monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acid.


whirlin isoform m8 (mouse)

A whirlin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q80VW5-8.


vestibular hair cell

biolink:Cell biolink:AnatomicalEntity biolink:OrganismalEntity biolink:BiologicalEntity biolink:NamedThing biolink:PhysicalEssence biolink:SubjectOfInvestigation biolink:ThingWithTaxon biolink:PhysicalEssenceOrOccurrent

A mechanoreceptor located in the acoustic maculae and the semicircular canals that mediates the sense of balance, movement, and head position. The vestibular hair cells are connected to accessory structures in such a way that movements of the head displace their stereocilia. This influences the membrane potential of the cells which relay information about movements via the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain stem.


stereocilium

An actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells and of neuromast cells. These protrusions are supported by a bundle of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma. Bundles of stereocilia act as mechanosensory organelles.


TRIO and F-actin-binding protein isoform m5 (mouse)

A TRIO and F-actin-binding protein (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q99KW3-5.


TRIO and F-actin-binding protein isoform m4 (mouse)

A TRIO and F-actin-binding protein (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q99KW3-4.


TRIO and F-actin-binding protein isoform m1 (mouse)

A TRIO and F-actin-binding protein (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q99KW3-1.


stereocilia coupling link

A structure involved in coupling stereocilia to one another in sensory hair cells There are four morphologically distinct types: tip links, horizontal top connectors, shaft connectors and ankle links. Tip links and horizontal top connectors are the only inter-stereocilia links associated with mature cochlea, whereas ankle links appear during development of the auditory hair bundle.


kinocilium

A nonmotile primary cilium that is found at the apical surface of auditory receptor cells. The kinocilium is surrounded by actin-based stereocilia.


trans-Golgi network transport vesicle

A vesicle that mediates transport between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.


stereocilium base

The tapered base of the stereocilium adjacent to where it joins the hair cell body. This region contains a rootlet comprised of bundled actin filaments which spans the joint and stabilizes the stereocilium.


stereocilium shaft

The shaft comprises the majority of the length of the stereocilium. This region is notable for the extreme stability of actin filaments, which are highly crosslinked into a parallel bundle.


cuticular plate

A dense network of actin filaments found beneath the apical cell surface of hair cells, and into which stereocilia are inserted.


startle response

An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus.


apical protein localization

Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.


detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound

The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal.


actin filament bundle assembly

The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.


inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized inner cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.


inner ear receptor cell differentiation

The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound.


whirlin isoform m1 (mouse)

A whirlin (mouse) that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:Q80VW5-1.


NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex

An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.


regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels

Any process that regulates the the local concentration of neurotransmitter receptor at the postsynaptic membrane.


behavioral response to ethanol

Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus.


ear hair cell

A hair cell of the ear that contains the organs of balance and hearing.


stereocilia ankle link complex

A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.


USH2 complex

A protein complex composed of four proteins, loss of which results in Usher Syndrome type 2 (USH2 syndrome), a leading genetic cause of combined hearing and vision loss. This complex is conserved in many species; in mice, it is composed of USH2A, GPR98 (aka ADGRV1), WHRN, and PDZD7.


photoreceptor inner segment

The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.


photoreceptor connecting cilium

The portion of the photoreceptor cell cilium linking the photoreceptor inner and outer segments. It's considered to be equivalent to the ciliary transition zone.


periciliary membrane compartment

A plasma membrane region adjacent to the base of eukaryotic cilia and flagella that is enriched in endocytosis-associated proteins and vesicles and that appears to regulate ciliary membrane homeostasis.


stereocilia ankle link

A stereocilia coupling link that is composed of a fine filament present in developing stereocilia that couples the bases of individual stereocilia to one another. They are not present in mature stereocilia.


thyroid hormone catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.


Liothyronine

An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.


positive regulation of multicellular organism growth

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.


regulation of heart contraction

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.


female courtship behavior

The behavior of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.


type I pneumocyte differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles.


negative regulation of female receptivity

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances.


T-helper 17 cell differentiation

The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a T-helper 17 (Th17) cell. A Th17 cell is a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17.


negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.


intestinal epithelial structure maintenance

A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of the structure of the intestinal epithelium.


response to bile acid

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bile acid stimulus.


phosphate ion transmembrane transport

The process in which a phosphate is transported across a membrane.


cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine stimulus.


structural molecule activity

The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a complex.


A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvic acid


A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.


Isolithocholate

A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of isolithocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. The 3beta-hydroxy epimer of lithocholate. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3.


3-Hydroxycholan-24-oic acid

A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.


Calcitriol

A hydroxycalciol that is calcidiol in which the pro-S hydrogen of calcidiol is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the active form of vitamin D3, produced fom calciol via hydoxylation in the liver to form calcidiol, which is subsequently oxidised in the kidney to give calcitriol.


A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11.


Alitretinoin

A retinoic acid in which the exocyclic double bonds have 7E,9Z,11E,13E geometry.


neuron projection terminus

The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.


cone cell pedicle

A specialized axon terminus which is produced by retinal cone cells. Pedicles are large, conical, flat end-feet (8-10 micrometers diameter) of the retinal cone axon that lie more or less side by side on the same plane at the outer edge of the outer plexiform layer (OPL).


detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception

The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.


photoreceptor cell outer segment organization

A process that is carried out at the cellular level and results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer segment of a photoreceptor cell, a sensory cell that reacts to the presence of light. The outer segment of the photoreceptor cell contains the light-absorbing materials.


photoreceptor cell maintenance

Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light.


intraciliary transport

The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins.


photoreceptor cell differentiation

The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


ribbon synapse

Type of synapse characterized by an electron-dense ribbon, lamella (bar) or spherical body in the presynaptic process cytoplasm.


DHET

An icosanoid obtained by formal dihydroxylation across one of the double bonds of arachidonic acid.


regulation of cell growth

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.


suppression by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway

Any process in which a virus stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type I interferon-mediated signaling in the host organism. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.


protein dephosphorylation

The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.


dolichyl diphosphate biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative.


oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor

Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which a CH-CH group acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces NAD or NADP.


dolichol kinase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: CTP + dolichol = CDP + dolichyl phosphate.


Major microspecies at pH 7.3.


D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate(2-)

Pantetheine 4'-phosphate(2-) with D (R) configuration at the 2' position. The dianion formed from D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate by deprotonation of the phosphate group; major microspecies at pH 7.3.


The D-enantiomer of 4-phosphoerythronic acid.


fructose 1-phosphate

A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 1-position


Pantetheine

An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.


Dianion of 3'-dephospho-CoA.


A polyprenol in which all linkages of the isoprene units are cis, except for the two furthest from the hydroxy group which are trans.


purine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar.


PTPRM_HUMAN Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu (sprot)

A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu that is encoded in the genome of human.


PR15A_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A that is encoded in the genome of human.


PR15B_HUMAN Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15B (sprot)

A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15B that is encoded in the genome of human.


liver parenchyma

The functional units of the liver including the lobules.


hydroxyisourate hydrolase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O = 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate + H+.


Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H imidazole-5-carboxylate + H+ = S-allantoin + CO2.


urate oxidase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: urate + O2 + H2O = 5-hydroxyisourate + hydrogen peroxide.


protein transporter activity

Directly binding to a specific protein and delivering it to a specific cellular location.


M3TYJ4_PIG DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 (trembl)


PEX1_HUMAN Peroxisomal ATPase PEX1 (sprot)

A peroxisomal ATPase PEX1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


PEX6_HUMAN Peroxisomal ATPase PEX6 (sprot)

A peroxisomal ATPase PEX6 that is encoded in the genome of human.


EET

An icosanoid obtained by formal epoxidation of one of the double bonds of arachidonic acid.


negative regulation of cell growth

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.


long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a long-chain fatty acid, a fatty acid with an aliphatic tail of 13 to 21 carbons.


lipoxygenase pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which an unsaturated fatty acid (such as arachidonic acid or linolenic acid) is converted to other compounds, and in which the first step is hydroperoxide formation catalyzed by lipoxygenase.


epoxygenase P450 pathway

The chemical reactions and pathways by which arachidonic acid is converted to other compounds including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids.


An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 5,6-double bond of arachidonic acid.


An epoxy fatty acid consisting of (4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,14E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid having an epoxy group located at the 16,17-position. An intermediate lipid in specialized proresolving mediators.


An epoxy fatty acid consisting of (4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid having an epoxy group at the 13,14-position. An intermediate lipid in specialized proresolving mediators


A polyunsaturated fatty acid that is (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid having an epoxy group across positions 16 and 17.


A metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid that can be converted to 17(S)-RvD1 or 17(S)-RvD2


A metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid that can be converted to 17(S)-RvD3 or 17(S)-RvD4


An epoxy fatty acid that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z,16E)-icosa-7,9,11,14,16-pentaenoic acid carrying an epoxy group at position 5S and a hydroxy group at position 18S. It is an intermediate in resolvin E1 biosynthesis.


A hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosa-4,9,11,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid carrying an epoxy group at position 7S and a hydroxy group at position 17R. It is a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid, and serves as a precursor to D-resolvins.


An epoxy fatty acid that is (6E,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosa-6,8,10,13,15,19-hexaenoic acid which is carrying an epoxy group at position 4S and a hydroxy group at position 17R. It is a metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid that can be converted to a D-resolvin.


The 18(R) stereoisomer of the epoxy-HEPE intermediate in RvE1 biosynthesis


13,14-Epoxydocosapentaenoic acid

An epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid in which the epoxy group is located at the 13,14-position. An intermediate in the specialised proresolving mediators


A docosanoid that is (9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying an epoxy group across positions 7 and 8 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 17.  An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


A (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-16,17-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid in which the chiral centres at positions 16 and 17 both have S-configuration. An intermediate of specialized proresolving mediators


8,9-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 8,9-double bond of arachidonic acid.


11,12-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.


An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 14,15-double bond of arachidonic acid.


Maresin 2

A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at the 13R- and 14S-positions.


Maresin 1

A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at the 7R- and 14S-positions.


A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 10 and 17 (the 10R,17R-stereoisomer).


Neuroprotectin D1

A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 10 and 17 (the 10R,17S-stereoisomer). Protectin D1 is one of the specialised proresolving mediators. When produced in neural tissues, it is called neuroprotectin D1


Resolvin D1

A resolvin that is docosa-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 7, 8, and 17 positions (the 7S,8R,17S-stereoisomer).


18S-Resolvin E1

A resolvin that is (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E)-icosa-6,8,10,14,16-pentaenoic acid which is substituted at positions 5, 12 and 18 by hydroxy groups (the 5S,12R,18S stereoisomer).


Resolvin E1

A resolvin that is (6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E)-icosa-6,8,10,14,16-pentaenoic acid which is substituted at positions 5, 12 and 18 by hydroxy groups (the 5S,12R,18R stereoisomer).


Resolvin D2

A member of the class of resolvins that is (4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 16 and 17 (the 7S,16R,17S-stereoisomer).


A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.


AT-Resolvin D1

A member of the class of resolvins that consists of docosa-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 8, and 17 (the 7S,8R,17S-stereoisomer).


A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 8,9-double bond of arachidonic acid.


A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 14,15-double bond of arachidonic acid.


aspirin-triggered resolvin D2

A member of the class of resolvins that is (4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 16 and 17 (the 7S,16R,17R-stereoisomer).


17-epi-resolvin D3

A member of the class of resolvins that is (5Z,7E,9E,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 11 and 17 (the 4S,11R,17R-stereoisomer)


A member of the class of resolvins that is (6E,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 5 and 17 (the 4S,5R,17R-stereoisomer).


Resolvin D3

A member of the class of resolvins that is (5Z,7E,9E,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 11 and 17 (the 4S,11R,17S-stereoisomer).


A member of the class of resolvins that is (6E,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 5 and 17 (the 4S,5R,17S-stereoisomer).


A docosanoid that is (8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 7R and 14S. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


A docosanoid that is (7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 13 and 14. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


A dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid (DiHDPE) that is (7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid in which the hydrogens at the 10 pro-R and 17 pro-S positions have been replaced by hydroxy groups. It is an intermediate of specialized proresolving mediators.


A dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid (DiHDPE) that is (7Z,10Z,13E,14E,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at the 16 and 17-S positions. It is an intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators.


A docosanoid that is (15E,19Z)-docosa-9,11,13,15,19-pentaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7S, 8 and 17S. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators


A docosanoid that is (14E,19Z)-docosa-8,10,12,14,19-pentaenoic acid carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 7, 16 and 17. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators


A DHET obtained by formal dihydroxylation across the 5,6-double bond of arachidonic acid.


CP1A2_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 1A2 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 1A2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP1A1_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 1A1 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 1A1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP1B1_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 1B1 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 1B1 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2C8_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C8 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2C8 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2C9_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C9 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2C9 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2CJ_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2C19 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2C19 that is encoded in the genome of human.


CP2J2_HUMAN Cytochrome P450 2J2 (sprot)

A cytochrome P450 2J2 that is encoded in the genome of human.


methylation

The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule.


axis elongation

The developmental growth that results in the elongation of a line that defines polarity or symmetry in an anatomical structure.


regulation of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome.


neural plate development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.


paraxial mesoderm development

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.


splicing factor binding

Binding to a protein involved in the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to form the mature form of the RNA.


notochord morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.


convergent extension

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.


localization of cell

Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.


convergent extension involved in axis elongation

The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism.


determination of dorsal identity

Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.


hypothalamus development

The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state.


positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.


anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo

The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote.


Spemann organizer formation

Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.


determination of left/right asymmetry in lateral mesoderm

The establishment of the lateral mesoderm with respect to the left and right halves.


epiboly

The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells or yolk.


embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis

The process in which the anatomical structures of the viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones.


regulation of nodal signaling pathway

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nodal signaling pathway.


neural crest cell migration involved in sympathetic nervous system development

Any neural crest cell migration that is involved in sympathetic nervous system development.


protein localization to vacuole

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole.


negative regulation of defense response to virus

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication.


positive regulation of innate immune response

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.


ribosome-associated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide encoded by an aberrant message and associated with a stalled ribosome. Degradation is initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the ribosome-associated protein.


protein localization to phagocytic vesicle

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a phagocytic vesicle.


vesicle-mediated transport

A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.


proteasome localization

Any process in which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.


regulation of protein complex stability

Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein complex by altering the likelihood of its assembly or disassembly.


negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of non-canonical NF-kappaB signaling cascade.


protein import into peroxisome matrix, docking

The process in which a complex formed of a peroxisome targeting sequence (PTS) receptor bound to a PTS-bearing protein docks with translocation machinery in the peroxisomal membrane.


pexophagy

The selective autophagy process in which a peroxisome is degraded by macroautophagy.


positive regulation of lysosome organization

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lysosome organization.


protein targeting to lysosome involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy

The targeting of a protein to the lysosome process in which an input protein binds to a chaperone and subsequently to a lysosomal receptor.


negative regulation of viral life cycle

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral life cycle.


negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.


negative regulation of viral-induced cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway in response to a virus.


protein ufmylation

Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein UFM1 to another protein.


negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator

Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.


negative regulation of hippo signaling

Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hippo signaling.


protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum

The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.


cytosolic ciliogenesis

The process in which an axoneme is exposed entirely or partially to the cytoplasm or by which the cytoplasmic portion is assembled or extended. Cytosolic ciliogenesis can occur following compartmentalized ciliogenesis, in which the cilium is formed within a compartment separated from the cytoplasm.


P-body assembly

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.


aggrephagy

Selective degradation of protein aggregates by macroautophagy.


microtubule-based movement

A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.


early endosome to recycling endosome transport

The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the recycling endosomes.


protein localization to cleavage furrow

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cleavage furrow.


dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome

Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global hyperactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the X-chromosome in the heterogametic sex, leading to a two-fold increase in gene expression from this chromosome. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.


early endosome to Golgi transport

The directed movement of substances from early endosomes to the Golgi.


endosomal vesicle fusion

The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome.


ribosomal large subunit binding

Binding to a large ribosomal subunit.


Rac protein signal transduction

The series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.


protein lysine deacetylase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N6-acetyl-L-lysyl-[protein] = acetate + L-lysyl-[protein].


protein-RNA adaptor activity

The binding activity of a protein that brings together another protein and an RNA, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way.


alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA binding

Binding to an alpha-aminoacyl-tRNA.


Catalysis of the covalent addition of a geranylgeranyl (20-carbon isoprenoid) group via thioether linkages to a cysteine residue at or near the C terminus of a protein.


histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase activity

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me3.


lipid transfer activity

Removes a lipid from a membrane or a monolayer lipid particle, transports it through the aqueous phase while protected in a hydrophobic pocket, and brings it to an acceptor membrane or lipid particle. This results in intermembrane transfer of lipids.


cargo adaptor activity

Binding directly to the structural scaffolding elements of a vesicle coat (such as clathrin or COPII), and bridging the membrane, cargo receptor, and membrane deformation machinery.


dynein complex binding

Binding to a dynein complex, a protein complex that contains two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and has microtubule motor activity.


BBSome binding

Binding to a BBSome complex.


nuclear pore

A protein complex providing a discrete opening in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.


cleavage furrow

The cleavage furrow is a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. The cleavage furrow begins as a shallow groove and eventually deepens to divide the cytoplasm.


P-body

A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. Protein and RNA localized to these foci are involved in mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), translational repression, and RNA-mediated gene silencing.


autophagosome membrane

The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagosome, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered.